SEPARATOR
SEPARAT OR
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ELC - SWT 06/19/16
Contents:
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ELC - SWT 06/19/16
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•Separation principle •Description & Operation of separator with all associated equipment •Data Quality •References
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- Explain the separation principle - Explain the functions of the Separator and associated equipment (liquid & gas meters, safety devices) -List all characteristics of the separator -Know about Data Quality
ELC - SWT 06/19/16
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Lecture Objectives, by the end of this lecture, YOU should be able to:
Introduction:
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•Used to separate, meter and sample all phases of the effluent.
•The main element is the vessel, with the necessary piping, skid and protective frame. •There are also equipped with a built-in Shrinkage tester, Barton recorder & sampling point. ELC - SWT 06/19/16
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•They are able to treat effluent as gas, gas condensate,light oil, heavy oil, foaming oil, oil containing water impurities such as mud or solid particles.
Separator flow sheet
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SEPARAT Separator vessel description: OR
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Separation principle:
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•Gravity separation only takes place when: - Fluids to be segregated are not soluble in each together - Fluids have different densities 95% of separation takes place within a few •Separation speed is a direct function of relative seconds Separation requires a few gravity: ELC - SWT 06/19/16
minutes
Gg/Gl = 1/20 = 0.05
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•Phase separation in a separator is based on gravity - Gas is segregated from liquid - Oil is segregated from water
Separator capacity:
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High liquid level (liquid level = 10bbls)
Low liquid level ELC - SWT 06/19/16
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Medium liquid level
Separation Capacity:
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- Retention Time •Liquid capacity is function of:
Retention Time =
Volume of oil (design capacity for 1-mn RT) Quantity of oil (meter reading)
- Retention Time •Gas capacity is function of:
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-Separator oil volume -Separator
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- Separator oil volume
Separator capacity:
SEPARAT OR
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SEPARAT Separator Liquid & Gas OR capacity: According to liquid level and also to pressure for the gas, as it’s compressible.
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Pneumatic regulation:
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The system is supplied with air under a constant pressure of 35 psi. The air pressure acting on the ACV is adjusted by a restricted orifice (inside the relay) and a nozzle, that can be more or less blocked by a flapper, pivoting at a fixed point and connected at the other end to the detection mechanism (Bourdon tube or float).
Pneumatic regulation:
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Gauge Air to regulator 67FR and to Press/Level controllers Scrubber ELC - SWT 06/19/16
Gas sampling point Pressure regulator to 40 – 50 psi
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Air instrument ation supply: Rig air supply
SEPARAT Gas OR outlet separator
Pressure Regulator:
-it reduces pressure -It maintains a constant flow -It filters impurities ELC - SWT 06/19/16
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•The 67FR used to supply air pressure at a constant pressure (35psi) to the pneumatic controllers.
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Automatic Control Valves
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•There are two different types of ACV used in a separator: - normally open (on gas line) - normally close (on liquid line)
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•The ACV for oil, gas, and water controllers are designed to regulate the rate of flow in a pipe by varying its cross-sectional area in response to an air leak signal received from a controller.
Automatic Control Valves
•It is Normally Open (stays Open if air supply is lost, to release vessel pressure) •It is usually a 3” Fisher valve located on the gas outlet separator and surge tank. ELC - SWT 06/19/16
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Pressure Control Valve (PCV):
SEPARAT OR
Automatic Control Valves
•It is Normally Close (Close if air supply is lost, to minimize pollution) •There are usually 3” and 2” valves located on the oil outlet and a 2” on the water outlet separator. ELC - SWT 06/19/16
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Liquid Control Valve (LCV):
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Pneumatic controllers:
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•Level Trol (Liquid) & Wizard (Pressure)
Relay
Proportional Band (usually 15% - 25%)
Air supply (35psi) ELC - SWT 06/19/16
Air pressure to ACV
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Set point (5 is medium level)
Relay: The heart of the system
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3 5
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SEPARAT Rela Position of free floating assembly when Flapper OR is y: CLOSE to Nozzle
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SEPARAT Rela ORis y: Position of free floating assembly when Flapper AWAY from Nozzle
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Pressure Control Valve (PCV):
SEPARAT OR When gas line
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As gas line pressure rises bourdon tube expands opening relay and releasing pressure from valve allowing it to open.
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pressure drops bourdon tube contracts closing nozzle, relay switches allowing pressure build up to close valve.
Pressure Control Valve (PCV): restrict or
pressure drops bourdon tube contracts closing nozzle, relay switches allowing pressure build up to close valve.
restrict or
As gas line pressure rises bourdon tube expands opening relay and releasing pressure from valve allowing it to open.
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SEPARAT OR When gas line
Pressure Control Valve (PCV):3 5
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(High Pressure)
Level Control Valve (LCV):
SEPARAT With low level flapper ORnozzle is open to atmosphere. Pressure cannot build up and valve remains closed.
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As level increases float rises closing the nozzle with the float. Pressure builds up and valve opens.
Level Control Valve (LCV):
SEPARAT From PBOR valve
Low level Schlumberger Private
Bourdon Tube
From pilot relay
(thru liner & nozzle) ELC - SWT 06/19/16
Proportional Band
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The extreme positions correspond to either closure of the modulated air inlet (0%) or to closure of the bleed to atmosphere (100%) ELC - SWT 06/19/16
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The PB control valve is a three-way valve connecting: - the proportional action bellows - the modulated air supply - the atmosphere
Proportional Band
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Full range is 1500 psi (Bourdon tube range) 10% on the PB 75 psi before valve fully Open or Close, above & below set point. ELC - SWT 06/19/16
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•Pressure: The PB valve reduces the response time of the PCV to act as a damper and prevent oscillation of the PCV, and therefore reducing pressure oscillation in the Separator. if:
Proportional Band
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Full range is 12 inches 10% on the PB 0.6 in. before valve fully Open or Close, above & below set point. ELC - SWT 06/19/16
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•Level: The PB valve reduces the response time of the LCV to act as a damper and prevent oscillation of the LCV, and therefore reducing pressure oscillation in the Separator. if:
SEPARAT Safety OR •On the separator there are two Safety Relief Devices
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“Farris” (not pilotoperated)
“Keystone”pilotoperated
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Valves, normally a pilot operated relief valve set to open when pressure exceeds working pressure Both SRV are set to 100% of vessel WP
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Safety Devices •Piloted operated Safety Valves
modulating action. It opens at set pressure, as process pressure increases, the valve will open more and be full lift at 105% of set. ELC - SWT 06/19/16
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Supplier: Keystone Inlet: 3” 600 # RF Outlet: 4” 600 # RF Operation: Designed for
pilot
outle t
inlet
Safety Devices •Piloted operated Safety Valves
SEPARAT OR
Operation: At set pressure, the pilot relieves,
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depressurizing the volume above the piston and the piston lifts permitting discharge from the main valve.
Safety Devices
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•Located on the effluent inlet separator, a 3” or 4” check-valve prevents the release to atmosphere of all the energy vessel gas pressure and liquid, in a case of a line inlet rupture.
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Safety Devices
vessel WP
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•On old separators a Rupture disc is installed instead of one of the SRV. The problem is that it will be not close (after burst) when pressure in the vessel goes back normal. Rupture discstoare set to 110% of
Safety Devices
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•The sight-glass is a visual level indicator. In the event the glass breaks, it is equipped with safety valves that prevent fluids inside the separator from escaping.
Metering Devices
SEPARAT •Oil metering: OR
•Gas metering: - Daniel orifice Barton chart recorder
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•Water metering: - 2” Floco positive displacement meter, low flowrate
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- 3” Rotron vortex meter, High flow 2” Floco positive displacement meter, low flowrate
Liquid Metering Devices
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2” Floco (F2500-2) = range is 100 to 2200 bbl/d (3400 bbl/d intermittent) ELC - SWT 06/19/16
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•Oil /water metering: “Floco” Positive displacement meter to measure low and medium flow rates. It measure the liquid passing through it by separating the liquid into segments and counting the segments. The seals on the bridge prevent the liquid from returning to the inlet side. The rotor movement is transferred to a register (readout device) with magnetic coupling.
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Liquid Metering Devices •Oil /water metering: “Floco” Positive displacement meter
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1
2
Liquid Metering Devices •Oil /water metering: “Floco” Positive displacement meter
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- It is important to check the Floco gearing is set for the correct units. ELC - SWT 06/19/16
Liquid Metering Devices
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Ball bearing
Sleeve bearing
2-in. Rotron
850 to 6800 bbl/d
1700 to 8500 bbl/d
3-in. Rotron
2000 to 17000 bbl/d
3400 to 22000 bbl/d
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•Oil metering: “Rotron” The ball vortex meter consist of a body with an offset chamber and a rotor. The rotational velocity of the liquid vortex is proportional to the rate of flow. The rotor movement is transferred to a register (readout device) with magnetic coupling.
SEPARAT Liquid Metering Devices OR •Oil metering: “Rotron” ball vortex meter Schlumberger Private
- The meter body is divided by a septum. The calibration plug causes a proportional increase or decrease in rotor speed. - Meter registration is directly related to rotor speed. ELC - SWT 06/19/16
Liquid Metering Devices
SEPARAT •Data Quality : 2” Floco versus 3” Rotron OR
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1 Bbl = 42 Gallons
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PERFE CT
Gas Metering Device
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•The Daniel Orifice Meter: Differential pressure combined with Static pressure and gas temperature allow a gas rate to be calculated.
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Gas Metering Device
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•The Daniel Orifice Meter: -During the test, the gas flowrate may change, therefore, different sizes of orifice plates are used. -It’s important to have an apparatus that allows the orifice plate to be changed without
SEPARAT OR
Gas Metering Device
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•The Daniel Orifice Meter: -Size of the orifice is stamped on the outer edge of the downstream side of the plate. - Size of the pipe ID or Line Bore, is found on the Never change separator name plate of the Daniel pressure or change choke itself. with the orifice plate installed.
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Gas Metering Device
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•Straightening Vanes: -To obtain accurate differential pressure data, gas flow must be laminar at the meter. -Straightening Vanes are positioned before the meter to reduce disturbances created by the
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Gas Metering Device
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L P H P
H P
LP
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Caution: liners are crossed, HP side of the Barton is connected on the upstream side of the Daniel orifice and the LP on the downstream side. •To obtain accurate data, gas is filtered through scrubbers to remove all impurities.
Gas Metering Device
“by-pass” position.
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•Barton chart recorder: records gas differential pressure. records static pressure (taken downstream orifice). - may also record gas line Barton manifold temperature. valves are here on
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Gas Metering Device •Barton chart recorder:
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bellow s
-DP spring ranges (inches of(400 water) in.H20 = ELC - SWT psi) 14.73 06/19/16
LP 100“H2 O 200”H2 O 300”H2 0
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HP
Gas Metering Device Barton chart recorder: Stem disc
Low viscosity oil
Torque tube shaft (rotation = 8 deg) L.P. bellows
Compensat ing chamber
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DP calibrated spring
“O”ring
Pulsation dampener
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H.P. bellows
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Gas Metering Device Barton chart recorder:
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Connected with 3 links to the PEN
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Shrinkage Tester
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Pressure
Level
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•It measures the oil volume change between separator conditions and atmospheric conditions (Pressure & Temp.) •Direct reading in %. -if shrinkage measurement= 5%, the shrinkage factor (1-shr) in this case is 0.950 •Requires Temperature reading in the same time that the final reading,
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Temperatu re
Shrinkage Tester operation 1
2
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3
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DATA QUALITY
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When taking separator readings always ensure: •Meter readings are taken at the correct time for accurate rate calculations. •Take readings at regular time: 5, 10, 15 minutes, etc. •BSW & SG’s should be recorded at the time the sample was taken and not the reading. •Completeness of data, e.g.: oil SG, Shrinkage (with tank or shrink.tester), are quoted with temperature. •Only enter actual measurements, e.g.:do not enter the previous BSW reading because you forgot to take it this time.
DATA QUALITY
X
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•Separator bypass before SI well: build up data necessary for interpretation is damaged.
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V •Separator bypass after SI well: a clean BHP curve is obtained for accurate interpretation. ELC - SWT 06/19/16
How the system Works Together SEPARAT •Closing one burnerhead -causes: an increase of oil line
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backpressure - further opening of the oil ACV
•Decrease of -sep.press: decrease oil line back pressure (decrease of GOR2) -open oil ACV (less pressure drop across ACV) -increase the gas line backpressure (higher gas velocity) ELC - SWT -open gas ACV (less 06/19/16 pressure drop across ACV)
OR
FOH RUN 6.20
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EQUIPME NT •Standard 3 phases horizontal, SWT separators: 1440 psi WP
720 psi WP
600 psi WP
Vessel size
42” x 10’
42” x 15’
36” x 10’
Nominal capacity Gas @ low liquid level Gas @ high liquid level
60 MMSCFD 25 MMSCFD
Liquid @ low liquid ELC - SWT level Liquid @ high 6 650 BPD 06/19/16 liquid level 14 000
41 MMSCFD 28 MMSCFD 18 MMSCFD 10.8 MMSCFD 10 500 BPD 23 800 BPD
2 600 BPD 10 500 BPD
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description
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EQUIPME NT •Standard 3 phases horizontal, SWT separators:
Effluent inlet= 3” 602 F
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Oil, Gas & Water outlets = 3” 602 M Vent outlet = 4”
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Connections are:
SEPARAT EQUIPME OR • NON-Standard 3 phases horizontal NT Separator (type N)
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-High flowrate (90 MMSCFD) Cyclone inlet cluster (foam-free separation)
EQUIPME •Separator (SEPS-A): NT
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-Smart weir system (clean-up thru separator) - Coriolis metering
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EQUIPME NT •Vertical
- High flowrate (100 MMSCFD) Cyclone inlet cluster (foam-free separation) ELC - SWT 06/19/16
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Separator (2200 psi WP)
References:
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. On Line Training . FOH for SWT (Run & Report) . InTouch: Technical Data Sheet & Maintenance manual . + Animations: “Gpc”,“Llc”,“Gopm”,“Gas fr”,”Shrink”, ”Separator preparation”,”Separator operation”
References (cont) : AnimationsSEPARAT
OR
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SEPARATOR
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The End Schlumberger Private
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