1-TENSES

ÜDS/KPDS GRAM ER TİYOLARI

TENS ES

TENSES SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE SIMPLE SIMPLE PRESENT PRESENT TENSE TENSE SEVEN SEVEN ARAÇLAR ARAÇLAR Always Usually / Generally / Most of the time / Mostly Often / Frequently / Sometimes / At times / Occassionally / From time to time / Once in a while (Every) Now and then / (Every) (Every) Now a nd again Seldom / Rarely Barely / Hardly (ever) / Scarcely (ever) / Never / Never ever Every Every year, every day, each year, Every two years Every other day , every other month Once a year / Twice a week / Three times a day Ever Still How often

ÖNEMLİ HATIRLATMA !!! TENSE’LERİ ANLATIRKEN BURADA VERDİĞİMİZ ZAMAN BELİRTEÇLERİ SADECE BU ZAMANLARLA DEĞİL, BAŞKA ZAMANLARLA DA KULLANILABİLİR. LİSTELER YAYGIN KULLANIMLARI ESAS ALINARAK YAPILMIŞTIR.

1

ÜDS/KPDS GRAMER TİYOLARI

TENSES

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE AM, IS, ARE VERB+ING PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE SEVEN ARAÇLAR: Now At the moment Still I am still working in İzmir. Presently Currently Right now For the time being Look/ Listen Nowadays These days Tomorrow More and more / bigger and bigger

2


TENSES

SIMPLE PAST TENSE V2 SIMPLE PAST TENSE SEVEN ARAÇLAR Yesterday Last night Ago in 1955 When I was Until World War II Before World War II During World War II That night / On that day Previously / Formerly During the last weekend Einstein

3


TENSES

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE HAVE / HAS V3 PRESENT PERFECT SEVEN ARAÇLAR Already Just Yet Ever For Since Since…V2. , …Have/Has V3 -been V+ing Recently-Lately Until now, So far, Up to now, Hitherto , To date In the last 2 weeks Over the last 2 weeks For the last 2 months During the last 2 years Twice, three times, four times Sharapova is the best player I have ever V3 This is the first time I have ever V3 STILL Sadece olumsuzda have/has v3 She still hasn’t called me. = She hasn’t called me yet.

4


TENSES

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE HAVE/HAS BEEN VERB+ING Uzun sürebilecek fiil sever: RUN WORK LIVE SPEAK SWIM TEACH STUDY gibi.

Bir eylemi geçmişte yapmaya başladık ve şimdiye kadar da yapmaya devam ettiysek veya çok kısa süre önce yapmayı kestiysek bu tense’i kullanıyoruz.

Sonunda “FOR TWO YEARS, FOR A LONG TIME” gibi zaman belirteçlerine bayılır.

5


TENSES

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE WAS/ WERE VERB+ING THIS TIME YESTERDAY...... WHEN WHILE JUST AS AS

Past Continuous Tense’i daha çok konuştuğumuz eylem başka bir eylem tarafından kesildiğinde kullanıyoruz. Eve giderken arkadaşıma rastladım. When I was going home, I ran into my friend.

6


TENSES

FUTURE TENSE WILL / WON’T WILL SEVENLER I hope that he will…. I think that…. I believe that…. I am sure/confident/certain that I promise that….

WILL HAVE V3 (Yapmış olacağım) By the time By Before

WILL BE V+ING (Yapıyor olacağım) This time tomorrow

AM IS ARE GOING TO V1 (Planlı gelecek)

7


TENSES

PAST PERFECT TENSE PAST PERFECT TENSE HAD V3 Hatırlatma: Tek cümlede tek başına kullanma ! Yanına PAST bir başka TENSE ister.

Bazı bağlaçlarla şık durur: AFTER BEFORE AS SOON AS ONCE THE MOMENT BY THE TIME UNTIL BECAUSE HARDLY................WHEN......... NO SOONER..........THAN.........

ÖNEMLİ !!! PAST PERFECT TENSE’İN CÜMLE İÇİNDEKİ YERİ ÇOK ÖNEMLİDİR. BU TENSE’İ KULLANDIĞI NIZ YER, CÜMLENİN DİĞER TARAFINDA KONUŞULAN EYLEMDEN DAHA ÖNCE OLMUŞ OLMALIDIR. BU ÖZELLİĞİ HER “HAD V3” GÖRDÜĞÜMÜZDE DENETLEMELİYİZ.

8


TENSES

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE HAD BEEN V+ING Past Perfect Tense’i kafamızda şöyle yerleştirelim: Was/Were ing sonuna “for 2 hours, for three days” eklenmiş hali. Sonda bunlar olunca was/were ing kullanamıyoruz. Yerine : had been verb+ing.

When I went home, he was sleeping. When I went home, he had been sleeping for 3 hours. YASAKLAR: Bağlacın iki tarafı HAD V3 – HAD V3 OLMAZ! When, After,Before,Until,By the Time, As soon as PEŞİNDEN WILL GELMEZ! HAD V3 – HAVE,HAS V3 OLMAZ! HAD V3 – PRESENT TENSE’LER OLMAZ!

9


TENSES

TENSE UYUMU İSTEYEN BAĞLAÇLAR When = As = Just as = While After Before Until By the time As soon as The moment Once Hardly............... when................... No sooner........ than................. As long as So long as Whenever / No matter when / Every time If / Unless / Provided (that) / Providing (that) On condition that / In the event that

10


TENSES

TENSE UYUMU: FUTURE:

When …..GENİŞ ZAMAN/ HAVE -HAS V3, …...WILL V1...... After Before By the time As soon as As long as PAST: When .........PAST BİR TENSE..... ,…...PAST BİR TENSE....... After Before By the time As soon as As long as ÖNEMLİ !!! Daha eski olan tarafta HAD V3 olur. HAD V3 – YANINA V2 İSTER.

11


TENSES

BY THE TIME FUTURE: By the time…Present Tense/Have Has V3…, …Will have V3 By 2009……..Will have V3 PAST: By the time…V2….. , …V2 / Had V3 / was, were….ing

HARDLY HAD HE V3…… WHEN … V2 NO SOONER HAD HE V3….. THAN…. V2

12

1-TENSES

Recommend Documents