AS/NZS 1100.501:2002 Reconfirmed 2014
A S / N Z S 1 1 0 0 . 5 0 1
Aust Austra ralilian an/N /New ew Zeal Zealan and d Stan Standa dard rd™ Technical drawing Part 501: Structural engineering drawing
AS/NZS 1100.501:2002
This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ME-072, Technical Drawing. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 22 June 2001 and on behalf of the Council of Standards New Zea land lan d o n 3 Decemb Dec ember er 2001. 200 1. It was pub lis hed on 29 Jan uary uar y 2002 2 002 .
The following interests are represented on Committee ME-072: Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors AUSTROADS Department for Employment, Training and Further Education (South Australia) Department of Defence (Australia) Design Association of New Zealand Institute for Drafting and Design Australia Institute of Industrial Arts Master Builders Australia Steel Reinforcement Institute of Australia TAFE, NSW University of Melbourne
Keeping Standards up-to-date Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which may have been published since the Standard was purchased. Detailed information about joint Australian/Ne w Zealand Standards can ca n be found by visiting the Standards Australia web site at www.standards.com.au or Standards New Zea land lan d web sit e at a t www.sta www. sta ndards nda rds .co.nz .co .nz and loo kin g u p the rel evant eva nt Sta ndar d in the on-line catalogue. Alternatively, both organizations publish an annual printed Catalogue with full details of all current Standards. For more frequent listings or notification of revisions, amendments and withdrawals, Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand offer a number of update options. For information about these services, users should contact their respective national Standards organization. We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Please address your comments to the Chief Executive of either Standards Australia International or Standards New Zealand at the address shown on the back cover.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 96489.
AS/NZS 1100.501:2002 (Reconfirmed) 2014-05-23
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND
RECONFIRMATION OF AS/NZS 1100.501:2002 Technical drawing Part 501: Structural engineering drawing
RECONFIRMATION NOTICE
Technical Committee ME-072 has reviewed the content of this publication and in accordance with Standards Australia procedures for reconfirmation, it has been determined that the publication is still valid and does not require change. Certain documents referenced in the publication may have been amended since the original date of publication. Users are advised to ensure that they are using the latest versions of such documents as appropriate, unless advised otherwise in this Reconfirmation Notice. Approved for reconfirmation in accordance with Standards Australia procedures for reconfirmation on 17 March 2014. The following are represented on Technical Committee ME-072: Australian Institute of Architects Building Designers Association of NSW Department of Defence (Australia) Department of Education, Training and Employment (South Australia) Engineers Australia Master Builders Australia TAFE NSW The University of Adelaide The University of New South Wales University of South Australia
NOTES
AS/NZS 1100.501:2002
Australian/New Zealand Standard ™ Technical drawing Part 501: Structural engineering drawing
Originated as AS 1100.501—1985. Jointly revised and designated as AS/NZS 1100.501:2002.
COPYRIGHT © Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in a ny form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Jointly published by Standards Australia International Ltd, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001 and Standards New Zealand, Private Bag 2439, Wellington 6020 ISBN 0 7337 4008 1
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AS/NZS 1100.501:2002
PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee ME-072, Technical Drawing, to supersede AS 1100.501—1985, Technical drawing , Part 501: Structural engineering drawing . The objective of the Standard is to provide engineers, architects, builders, drafting officers and others in the construction industry with a common method for the representation of structures and their components to enable the preparation and unambiguous interpretation of structural drawings. This Standard is one of a series dealing with technical drawings. The other Standards in the series are the following: Part 101: General principles Part 201: Mechanical engineering drawing Part 301: Architectural drawing Part 401: Engineering survey and engineering survey design drawing Reference to Part 101 is required for the source, definition and basic requirements of some of the contents of this Standard. In the preparation of this Standard, the committee took account of the recommendations of the International Organization for Standardization. In addition to the relevant international Standards listed in AS 1100.101, this Standard is in agreement with the following international Standards: ISO 3766
Construction drawings —Simplified representation of concrete reinforcement
4066
Construction drawings— Bar scheduling
This Standard has three sections, as follows: (a)
Section 1 deals with general information on the Standard and on the general requirements.
(b)
Section 2 deals with matters applicable to all structural drawings and contains conventions, symbols and abbreviations for the general user.
(c)
Section 3 contains conventions for use in particular applications or with specific materials.
It is acknowledged that the use of computer-aided drafting (CAD) now plays an important part in produci ng technical drawin gs. In line with the practice of international Stan dards committees dealing with areas related to technical drawings, the requirements and principles of this St andard appl y equally t o us ers of CAD systems.
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CONTENTS Page SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE......................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 APPLICATION ........................................................................................................... 4 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS................................................................................... 5 1.4 DEFINITIONS.............................................................................................................5 1.5 CLASSIFICATION OF DRAWINGS ......................................................................... 6 1.6 LEGENDS................................................................................................................... 6 SECTION 2 GENERAL APPLICATIONS 2.1 DIMENSIONING ........................................................................................................ 7 2.2 LINES.......................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 SYMBOLS .................................................................................................................. 7 2.4 ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................... 7 2.5 IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS ................................................ 7 2.6 INFORMATION TO BE SHOWN ON DRAWINGS................................................ 12 2.7 DRAWING SCALES................................................................................................. 12 2.8 CONVENTIONS FOR CROSS-REFERENCING ..................................................... 12 2.9 ARRANGEMENT OF DRAWINGS IN A SET ........................................................ 16 SECTION 3 PARTICULAR APPLICATIONS 3.1 GENERAL................................................................................................................. 17 3.2 REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ................................................ 17 3.3 STRUCTURAL STEEL............................................................................................. 26 3.4 TIMBER .................................................................................................................... 29 3.5 MASONRY ............................................................................................................... 34
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STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Australian/New Zealand Standard Technical drawing Part 501: Structural engineering drawing S E C T I O N
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S C O P E
A N D
G E N E R A L
1.1 SCOPE
This Standard sets out requirements and recommendation for structural engineering drawing practice and is complementar y to AS 1100.101. This Stan dard deals with the presentation of information. The types of structures intended to be dealt with by this Standard are generally those covered by structural design and construction Standards and codes, particularly the following: AS 1720
Timber Structures Code
2327 2327.1
Composite structures Part 1: Simply supported beams
3600
Concrete structures
3700
Masonry structures
3990
Mechanical equipment—Steelwork
4100
Steel structures
AS/NZS 1148
Timber—Nomenclature—Australian, New Zealand and imported species
1664
Aluminium structures
4600
Steel structures
NZS 3101
Concrete Structures Standard
3404
Steel Structures Standard
3603
Timber Structures Standard
4230
Code of practice for the design of masonry structures
AUSTROADS Bridge Design Code NOT E: For cold-f ormed steel str uctures, sta inless ste el str ucture s and aluminium str ucture s, the pic tor ial rep res entation is simila r t o general str uct ural steelwork draf tin g.
1.2 APPLICATION
The principles given in this Standard are intended for adoption by engineers, architects, drafting persons and builders in both Government authorities and private enterprise. The Standard is intended as a basis for common practice and consistency of application, upon which technical organizations can base their own detailed rules or manuals for the preparat ion and presentation of drafting work. It is also intended that the Standard be sufficiently complete for most applications, and that drafting offices or persons would only need further guidelines when drawing specialized structures or when working outside the scope of the Standard. COPYRIGHT
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The application of this Standard may require reference to AS 1100.101, AS 1100.301 and AS 1100.401. 1.3
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
The following Standards are referred to in this Standard: AS 1100 1100.10 1 1100.301 1100.401
Technical drawing Part 10 1: Gener al pri nciples Part 301: Architectural drawing Part 401: Engineering survey and engineering survey design drawing
1101 1101.3
Grap hical symbols for general en gi neerin g Part 3: Welding and non-destructive examination
1111
ISO metric hexagon commercial bolts and screws
1163
Structural steel hollow sections
1310 1311
Steel wire for tendons in prestressed concrete Steel tendons for prestressed concrete—7-wire stress-relieved steel strand for tendons in prestressed concrete
1397
Steel sheet and strip—Hot-dipped zinc-coated or aluminium/zinc-coated
1720
Timber structures
2812
Welding, brazing and cutting of metals—Glossary of terms
3600
Concrete structures
3700
Masonry structures
3990
Mechanical equipment—Steelwork
4100
Steel structures
AS/NZS 1148
Timber—Nomenclature—Australian, New Zealand and imported species
1252
High strength steel bolts with associated nuts and washers for structural engineering
1554
Str uctur al st eel wel di ng ( vari ou s part s)
3678
Structural steel—Hot-rolled plates, floorplates and slabs
3679 3679.1 3679.2
Structural steel Part 1: Hot-rolled bars and sections Part 2: Welded I sections
4671
Steel reinforcing materials
NZS 3101
Concrete structures standard
3404
Steel structures standard
3603
Timber structures standard
1.4 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS 1100.101 and AS 1100.301 and those below apply. 1.4.1
Bar mark
An identifier given to a reinforcement bar. COPYRIGHT
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Bundle mark
An identifier given to a bundle of reinforcement bars. 1.4.3
Elevation
The projection on a vertical plane of any object, such as a building or component, viewed at right angles to the plane of proj ection. 1.4.4
May
Indicates the existence of an option. 1.4.5
Section on grid line
A vertical section drawn without showing inclined members cutting the line of the section. 1.4.6 Shall
Indicates that a statement is mandatory. 1.4.7 Should
Indicates a recommendation. 1.4.8
Specification
A precise description of materials and workmanship of a project or parts thereof which are not shown on drawings or in schedules. 1.5
CLASSIFICATION OF DRAWINGS
The following types of drawing can be identified for the purposes of document classification: (a)
Design layout drawing A drawing depicting the size, shape and relationship, as designed, of major structural elements.
(b)
Desi gn detail drawing A drawing depicting all the information required for the construction, in accordance with the design, of any given part of a structure or structural element.
(c)
Shop detail drawing A drawing depicting all necessary information for the fabrication of structural elements, and intended for use in a workshop.
(d)
General information drawing A drawing containing information required for the understanding of related drawings, or for the performance of the work depicted on them.
(e)
As-built drawing A drawing used to record the details of a construction following its completion. NOT E: Previous ly ref err ed to as ‘wor k-as-e xecuted dra wing ’.
(f)
Marking drawing An arrangement drawing for structural prefabricated elements showing their designations and relationships.
(g)
Handling and erection procedure drawing A drawing indicating erection requirements such as sequence of operations, temporary structural members and sling positions.
1.6 LEGENDS
Legends shall be provided in respect of any symbols used for non-conventional representation of items, such as the following: (a)
Joints, e.g. construction joint, expansion joint, contraction joint.
(b)
Set-out lines. COPYRIGHT
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S E C T I O N
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G E N E R A L
A P P L I C A T I O N S
2.1 DIMENSIONING
Units and methods used in dimensioning of drawings shall be in accordance with AS 1100.101. If dimensions are shown on other drawings (such as architectural drawings), dimensions showing relationships of members (including primary and building dimensions) may be omitted on structural drawings. NOT E: Exa mpl es of pri mar y and buildin g dimens ion s are bui ldi ng widths , hei ghts and len gths, and grid spacings.
2.2 LINES 2.2.1
Type of line
A type of line appropriate for each application shall be selected from, and used in accordance with, Table 2.1. For other applications see AS 1100.101. 2.2.2
Line thickness
Line thicknesses shall be selected in accordance with AS 1100.101. NOT E: A l ine of thi ckness les s t han 0.18 mm i s dif fic ult to rep rod uce in some s ituati ons .
2.3 SYMBOLS
The symbols given in AS 1100.101, AS 1100.301 and AS 1100.401 shall be used t o indicate relevant features on drawings prepared for general or communication purposes, particularly where drawing to scale is impracticable. For symbols used in structural engineering, see Section 3. NOT E: Symbol siz e and lin e thi ckness will depend on drawin g siz e and sca le. Symb ols giv en have therefore not been dimensioned.
2.4 ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations for use in general applications shall be in accordance with AS 1100.101, AS 1100.301 and AS 1100.401. For abbreviations for use on particular application drawings, see Tables 2.2(A) and 2.2(B), 3.2 and 3.4, and Clause 3.2.6. 2.5 IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS 2.5.1
General
Each structural element should be labelled by a discrete reference using a suitable combination of letters or numbers. This reference may be by either consecutive numbering or a grid system, or both. 2.5.2
Consecutive numbering
In a consecutive numbering system, the reference should comprise a prefix, stem and suffix, as follows: (a)
Prefix The location or floor level of the structural element. Floor levels may be designated either by sequential levels or traditional storeys (see Table 2.2(A)). COPYRIGHT
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(b)
Stem
T he type of structural element (see Table 2.2(B)).
(c)
Suffix The individual number of the structural element.
Examples: (i)
Fourth floor, beam No. 21............................................................................. 4 B 21.
(ii)
Level 10, slab No. 4 .....................................................................................
2.5.3
10 S 4.
Grid system (see also AS 1100.301)
A grid reference system consists of one set of gridlines in one direction with a second set of gridlines in another direction. Any grid system shall be consistent throughout a project. Grid systems are generally used with regularly shaped structures but grid lines do not necessarily have to be at right angles to each other. Grid directions should be selected to allow for expansion to accommodate any anticipated future extension. The project grid may be adopted with a completely arbitrary orientation, bearing no relation to any recognized map grid or True North. The gridlines running down the sheet should be marked alphabetically (A, B, C...) and the gridlines across the sheet should be marked numerically (1, 2, 3...), as shown in Figure 2.1.
FIGURE 2.1
EXAMPLE OF GRID NUMBERING SYSTEM (SEE CLAUSE 2.5.3)
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TABLE 2.1 LINES AND APPLICATIONS (SEE CLAUSE 2.2) 1
2
3
4
Designating letter
Type of line
Example of line
Application
A
Continuous — thic k
Diagrammatic representation of structural element centre-line on layout drawings, e.g. beams Visible lines and change-in-level lines structural bolts, e.g. in timber Reinforcement where ‘thin’ or ‘medium’ concrete outlines are used
M
Continuous — medium
Visible outlines, optional, where considerable detail has to be shown Intersecting beam outlines in elevations only Reinforcing bars and mesh where fully detailed in view shown or concrete outlines where ‘thick’ line reinforcement is used
P
Continuous — extra thick
Reinforcement where ‘thick’ concrete outlines are used
B
Continuous — thin
Reinforcement extent lines such as those — across slabs, in plan across walls, in elevation along beams or columns for fitments Visible masonry walls including — plan s elevations Hatching of masonry over Diagonals across holes or recesses (under or over) Dimension lines and leaders Welding symbols Fictitious outlines (of parts removed)
C
Continuous — thin, freehand
Break lines around large areas such as —
D
Continuous — thin , ruled with zig-zag
Break lines in individual elements such as at sections and the like
F
Dashed — thin
Hidd en mason ry, particu larl y walls under.
slabs special details to larger scale
Column strip and middle strip (panel) outlines on plan views Hatching for masonry under (continued )
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TABLE 2.1 (continued ) 1
2
3
4
Designating letter
Type of line
Example of line
Application
N
Dash ed — medium
Hidd en outlines of st ruct ural or suppo rting elements. Diagrammatic representations of temporary bracing members or structural elements. Reinforcement indicated in view shown, although fully detailed elsewhere
G
Chain — thin
Grid lines Centre-lines
H
Chain — thick at ends and change of direction;
Cutting plane for a section indicating direction of view. Where the type G line would conflict with any other line, it should be omitted, and only the section cross-references and changes of direction should be shown
—thi n elsewhere
J
Chain — thick
Indication of a surface to meet a special requirement such as granolithic or terrazzo finish, or to receive special treatment Match lines between drawings
K
Chain — thin, double dashed
Outline of adjacent or existing parts
TABLE 2.2(A) CODES FOR CONSECUTIVE NUMBERING SYSTEM— PREFIX (SEE CLAUSE 2.5.2) Location or floor level
Prefix code
Sequential (Numeri cal) L evels
Lowest level
1
Then in ascending order, e.g. Tenth level
10
Traditional (Naming) storeys (Non-preferred) Roof
R
Second floor, etc.
2, etc.
First floor
1
Mezzanine
M
Ground floor
G
Basement
B
Footing level
F COPYRIGHT
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TABLE 2.2(B) CODES FOR CONSECUTIVE NUMBERING SYSTEM—STEM (SEE CLAUSE 2.5.2) Structural element
Stem code
Beam
B
Column
C
Joist
J
Bracing — vertical
VB
Bracing — general
BR
Fly brace
FB
Door header
DH
Fascia truss
FT
Rafter
R
Door column
DC
Strut (non-vertical)
S
Lintel
L
Purlin
P
Girt
G
Footings — Beam footing Pad footing Strip footing
FB FP SF
Pier (or pedestal), pile
P
Pile cap
PC
Portal frame
PF
Slab
S
Stair — Stair flight Stair landing
F L
Truss
T
Wall
W
Retaining wall
2.5.4
RW
Columns and footings
Columns may be identified either by— (a)
the consecutive numbering system (see Clause 2.5.2); or
(b)
the intersection of gridlines at or near th e column (see Clause 2.5.3).
Footings should be identified in similar fashion to the columns. 2.5.5
Grid marks
Grid marks may be used to assist in the ready location of a particular dimension or feature of interest on a structural drawing. Such usage is distinct from element identification by the grid reference system and, therefore, care should be taken to avoid confusion between the markings associated with each. COPYRIGHT
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2.6 INFORMATION TO BE SHOWN ON DRAWINGS 2.6.1
General
Information to be shown on the drawings shall include any required design information and such items as are specified in the respective structural design codes, or as instructed by the designer. Each drawing shall provide all the information necessary for the construction of the work shown and should omit irrelevant details. References should be given to associated drawings for particular details or for showing the relationship with other components, and to schedules. Information should include datums, such as survey marks, referenced to permanent structures or either the Australian Height Datum (AHD) or the New Zealand height datum of Mean Sea Level (MSL). Written descriptions on drawings shall be clear and concise. Instructions should be positive and written in the imperative mood. Special requirements relating to construction details should be noted or referenced on the drawing. Clarity of detailing and di mensioning is essential. 2.6.2
General notes
General notes, where provided, should be presented with Clause or reference numbers and upper and lower case lettering, either on a separate drawing or on the drawings to which they refer. For the information required on drawings or general notes, reference should be made to the relevant Standards listed in Clause 1.1. 2.6.3
Design layout drawings
Design layout drawings should show member sizes and locations. 2.6.4 Amendments
An amendment to an issued drawing shall be numbered or otherwise designated and the amendment described in the amendment box. The altered text and pictorial aspects for that drawing issue only shall be highlighted by drawing a cloud, made up of a series of arcs, around the amendment and the cloud designated with the number or other designation, preferably in a triangle. 2.7 2.7.1
DRAWING SCALES Scale requirements
Drawing scales shall comply with the requirements of AS 1100.101. Different scales on one sheet should be kept to a minimum, with all scales clearly indicated. Drawings should have a minimum scale for details of 1:25, to allow for reduction of prints to half-size. 2.7.2
Block scales
Block or graduated scales (as defined in AS 1100.101) should be included on all drawings. 2.8 2.8.1
CONVENTIONS FOR CROSS-REFERENCING General
The convention for elevation, section and detail cross-references is complementary, i.e. the cross-reference given on the sheet from which an elevation, section or detail is taken is complemented by the cross-reference on the associated sheet where the elevation, section or detail is shown. COPYRIGHT
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Examples of elevation, section and detail cross-references are shown in Figures 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4. The following principles apply: (a)
The orientation of the reference numbers and letters should be upright when read looking from the bottom of t he sheet.
(b)
The same notation (numbers or letters) should not be used for both sections and details.
(c)
The letters I, O and Q should not be used in letter sequences.
(d)
Elevations, sections and details should be placed in their order of designation.
(e)
Where possible — (i)
plans f or t he one proj ect should be oriented i n the same way on all drawings;
(ii)
elevations, sections and details, particularly horizontal sections, should be given the same orientation as in the main drawing;
(iii)
vertical sections should always be drawn erect;
(iv)
sections should be taken looking from the bottom of the drawing to the top, or from right to left; and
(v)
for bridges and roadworks, plans and elevations should be drawn in the direction of increasing chainage from ‘left to right’, and sections should be drawn in the same direction.
NOT E: Sectio ns on ske w struc tures, such as a skew bri dge dec k in pla n, may sho w the cut tin g pla ne alo ng the ske w lin e but with the sectio n sho wing the squ are width to enable the str uct ural elements to be drawn with least ambiguity.
2.8.2
Elevation cross-reference
An elevation cross-reference should be shown as set out in Figure 2.2. The circle diameter and lettering height should be as follows: (a)
Figures 2.2(a) and (b) ............................................... 12 mm dia. and 3 mm lettering.
(b)
Figures 2.2(c)........................................................... 18 mm dia. and 5 mm lettering.
2.8.3 Section cross-reference
A section cross-reference should be shown as in Figure 2.3. The following particulars shall apply: (a)
In the top half of t he circle, the number (or letter) shall be of the s ection itself.
(b)
In the bottom half of the circle, the following shall apply, as appropriate: (i)
On the sheet where the section is taken The number shall be of the associated sheet where the section is shown. If it is shown on the same sheet, a dash (—) shall be used.
(ii)
On the sheet where the section is shown The number shall be of the sheet fro m which it was taken. If it is taken from the same sheet, a dash (—) shall be used.
(c)
An arrowhead shall show the direction of viewing, and an external line shall show the cutting plane.
(d)
The circle diameter and lettering height shall be as follows: (i)
Figures 2.3(a) and (b).................................... 12 mm dia. and 3 mm lettering.
(ii)
Figure 2.3(c) ................................................. 18 mm dia. and 5 mm lettering. COPYRIGHT
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2.8.4 Detail cross-reference
A detail cross-reference should be shown as in Figure 2.4. The following particulars apply: (a)
In the top half of t he hexagon, the letter (or number) shall be of th e detail itself.
(b)
In the bottom half of the hexagon, the following shall apply, as appropriate: (i)
On the sheet where the detail is taken The number shall be of the associated sheet where the detail is shown. If it is shown on the same sheet, a dash (—) shall be used.
(ii)
On the sheet where the detail is shown The number shall be of the sheet from which it was taken. If it is taken from the same sheet, a dash (—) shall be used.
(c)
On the same sheet, an additional arrow on a leader may be used to show where the detail is drawn (see Figure 2.4(b)).
(d)
The hexagon size and lettering height shall be as follows: (i) Figures 2.4(a) and (b)…........12 mm across opposite corners and 3 mm lettering. (ii)
Figure 2.4(c)…..…………….18 mm across opposite corners and 5 mm lettering.
NOT E: For a cros s-r eference of a s ection on a deta il, use a c ircle as for other sectio ns.
FIGURE 2.2
EXAMPLES OF ELEVATION CROSS-REFERENCES (SEE CLAUSE 2.8.2)
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NOTE : Triangul ar po inter may b e fill ed-i n fo r e mphas is.
FIGURE 2.3
FIGURE 2.4
EXAMPLES OF SECTION CROSS-REFERENCES (SEE CLAUSE 2.8.3)
EXAMPLES OF DETAIL CROSS-REFERENCES (SEE CLAUSE 2.8.4)
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ARRANGEMENT OF DRAWINGS IN A SET
Drawings should be collated in the following sequence (first drawing to last)— (a)
General notes.
(b)
General arrangement drawings.
(c)
Footings.
(d)
Columns.
(e)
Framing plans.
(f)
Elevations.
(g)
Cross-sections.
(h)
Details.
In a multi-storey building, drawings for each storey should be grouped as follows: (i)
Floor plan.
(ii)
Beams.
(ii i)
Secti ons.
NOTE: A drawing may incorporate more than one of the above.
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S E C T I O N
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P A R T I C U L A R
A P P L I C A T I O N S
3.1 GENERAL
This Section sets out requirements for drawings for structures, made from particular materials. For composite structures, discretion should be used in selecting the provisions applicable to the principal material used in the particular structure. 3.2 3.2.1
REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE Concrete drawings
Concrete drawings should clearly show the dimensions and shape of the structural element or elements depicted. The classification and designation, size, shape, extent and location of all reinforcement shall also be clearly shown. Depending on the complexity of the element, the detail drawing may show both the concrete outlines and reinforcement on the same view or provide separate views, or drawings for each. NOT E: For con cre te bea ms, dep th is s pecifi ed fir st. For str ip foo tings, width is spe cified fir st.
3.2.2 Notation for reinforcement 3.2.2.1 General
Reinforcement shall be specified by the classification and designation of bar and reference number of mesh (see AS/NZS 4671). Where a schedule is prepared in conjunction with the drawings, a reference number for that schedule should be given on both schedule and drawing. Reinforcement shall be specified on the view of the structural element in which the reinforcement will be first placed. For example, where a bar is placed in a slab and extends into a wall it shall be specified on t he plan of the slab. 3.2.2.2 Bars
Bar reinforcement shall be specified by the number of bars, type, size, spacing and location, and, if applicable, by a shape code and bar mark. Spacing is normally specified at right angles to the bar direction and any variation should be fully detailed, e.g. for skewed bars. One of the following notations shall be used:
(a)
The following information concerning reinforcing bars shall be given on t he drawing: Item
Example
Number (optional in a slab)
19
Shape
D
Strength grade
500
Ductility class
N
Size, in millimetre
16
Shape code (optional)
L
Bar mark (optional)
23
Spacing, in millimetres
200
Location (see Clause 3.2.2.4)
T
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The information concerning the example presented should be written as follows:
(b)
(i)
If bar marking is used .............................................. 19-D500N16–L–23–200T.
(ii)
If bar marking is not used....................................................D500N16–L–200T.
The following information concerning bundles of reinforcing bars shall be given on the drawing: Item
Example
Number of bundles
5
Number of bars in a bundle
3
Shape
D
Strength grade
500
Ductility class
N
Size, in millimetres
36
Shape code, (optional)
L
Bundle mark (optional)
27
Spacing of bundles, in millimetres
400
Location (see Clause 3.2.2.4)
B
The information concerning the example presented should be written as follows: (i)
If bar marking is used ........................................... 5 × 3D500N36–L–27–400B.
(ii)
If bar marking is not used............................................5 × 3D500N36–L–400B.
The preferred notation order is presented in (a) and (b). If a different notation order is used, a legend shall be provided. Delimiters, such as × , / or – shall be used if there are consecutive numbers in the notation. For complex structures it may be necessary to specify the bar mark number, type, size, shape, location and also the number of bars or the b ar spacing, or both, as appropriate. NOT E: The use of bar marks, shape co des and bundle marks on engine ering dra wing s i s o pti onal .
Each set of ‘identical’ bars in a structure should be gi ven the same bar mark. A group of bars in the same placing zone may be regarded as being ‘identical’ if they have the same type, size and bent shape. They can, however, have a varying length if supplied in a set for a tapered section. 3.2.2.3 Reinforcement schedule lengths
A range of bending shapes for reinforcement is given in Tables 3.1(A) and 3.1(B). The scheduled length shall be taken as L. Where L is not specified in Table 3.1(A), the scheduled length shall be the sum of the out-to-out dimensions, ‘A’, ‘B’, etc.
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TABLE 3.1(A) BAR BENDING SHAPES (SEE CLAUSE 3.2.2.3) FIRST PREFERENCE BAR BENDING SHAPES Name Straight L-shape One 90° bend Double L-shape Two 90° bends Hooked bar One 180° bend Double hooked Two 180° bends
Mesh Only if flat sheet
V-shape Bend less than 90°
U-shape 180° bend only
Tie For beams or colums
Stirrup For beams [hooks in]
Stirrup For beams [cogs in] Cranked column bar For lap splice
Shape code
Essential dimensions
Diagram
S
Comment
A A
A is also the length L B
L
A
LL
A
B
A
B B B
A
B
A + B = L
B
H HH
V
SH SC CC
B would be critical A + B + C = L A and C should both be specified even if equal
L
C
A + B = L When A is standard, it may be omitted A + B +C = L
L
A = C = 0.5 (L-B) A and C standard
A
B
A is length of main wires (6000 mm max.) B is extent of cross-wires including side laps
A A
B B
A A
T
L
B
A A
U
A would be critical
C
B
F
L
D C D C
B C
C D
A
B
C
A
B
A A
B B
C
A A
B B
C
A A
B C
C D
Give C when angle ( θ ) exceeds 70° L L
A is critical always B may be omitted only if not critical Specify U-shape not LL-shape when B is less than 20 bar diameters L = 2( A + B + C) C is a cog length L may be omitted generally; C also L = 2 A + B + 2C C is a hook length L and C may be omitted generally L = 2 A + B + 2C C is a cog length L and C may be omitted generally
D L = A + B where L A is a lap-splice length C ≥ 6 d b , D ≥ 2 d b
NOTE S: 1 All dimensions are to intersection of straight portions at the outside of all types of bends. 2 ‘L’ is the sum of the individual out-to-out dimensions ‘A’, ‘B’, etc. 3 Shape codes may vary from supplier to supplier. COPYRIGHT
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TABLE 3.1(B) BAR BENDING SHAPES (SEE CLAUSE 3.2.2.3) SECOND PREFERENCE BAR BENDING SHAPES Name
Shape code
Rightangled crank shape
Diagram
Name Rightangled truss shape
Shape code
Diagram
RT
RC 135° Hooked tie
V-plus L-shape
Double V-shape
Joist bar or bent-up bar
L-bend added to J-shape
Double J-shape or truss bar
HT
VL
Diamondshaped tie for columns
DT
VV
Cross-over tie
XT
J
Circular tie for columns
CT
Link for columns
LH
LJ
JJ
Spiral or helix
SP Acute angle bend more than 90°
Radiused bar
A
R
Nonstandard shapes
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NS
All shapes are to be drawn and dimensioned in full
21
AS/NZS 1100.501:2002
NOTE S TO T ABLE 3.1( B) 1
All dimensions are to int ersection of straight portions except where shown.
2
First preference shapes with hooks and cogs are to be included here.
3
Shape codes may vary from supplier to supplier.
3.2.2.4 Mesh
The designation for reinforcing mesh shall be as given in AS/NZS 4 671. NOT ES: 1
For example, a square mesh consisting of 9 mm diameter deformed ribbed bar at 200 mm centres, of grade 500 MPa low ductility steel, would be designated ‘D500SL92’.
2
In the example given in Note 1, if all the welded mesh ordered or required for a particular pro jec t was to be deformed rib bed bar s, of the same str eng th gra de but may var y in oth er characteristics, and there was a general note to this effect in the project plans and specifications, the designation may be abbreviated to ‘SL92’.
3.2.2.5 Information for placing
Sufficient information shall be provided to enable the reinforcement to be placed in its correct location. Cross-sections and intersections should be provided to ensure correct detail and to avoid conflicts in site placement. The abbreviations given in Tables 3.2 and 3.3 may be used to convey placing information. The abbreviation should be used following the notation of bar number, size and/or spacing, or mesh designation or as a special note applicable to the relevant detail as follows: (a)
D500RL818B signifies that mesh D500RL818 is placed in the bottom of t he slab.
(b)
20 × D250N16–200T signifies that bars D250N16 are placed at 200 mm centres in the top of the slab.
When near face and far face reinforcement are shown on the same elevation, the far face layer shall be indicated by a dashed extra-thick line (see Table 3.3). Where more than one layer of reinforcement is used in one face, additional information shall be given to define each layer and its relative p osition and direction. Numerals indicat ing the position of a layer relative to a surface shall be associated wit h an abbreviation indicating a face, for example: (i)
T1, T2 indicate the first and second layers nearest the top face.
(ii)
B1 indicates the layer closest to the bottom face.
(iii)
NF1 indicates the layer closest to the near face.
(iv)
FF2 indicates the second layer from the far face.
The drawing shall state the required clear cover to the reinforcement for each structural element. This may be done with a general note where the cover is uniform for all the structural elements, or by means of a dimension on the element concerned.
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TABLE 3.2 ABBREVIATIONS FOR REINFORCEMENT PLACING INFORMATION (SEE CLAUSE 3.2.2.5) Placing information
Abbreviation
Bottom face Centrally placed Top face Each way Each face Near face * Far face* Internal face External face Horizontal Vertical Layer nearest the concrete face Second layer from the concrete face Third layer from concrete face
B C T EW EF NF FF INT EXT H V 1 2 3
*The direction of viewing should be carefully defined.
3.2.2.6 Splicing of bars
Simplified representations are shown in Figures 3.1 and 3.2.
TABLE 3.3 EXAMPLES OF INDICATION OF BAR LAYING SEQUENCE (SEE CLAUSE 3.2.2.5) (a)
Bottom and top layers shown on separate plan s
(b)
Bottom and top layers shown on the same plan; the bott om laye r to be indicat ed by a dashed extra-thick line
(c)
Alternative method for designating layers in a slab: when bottom and top reinforcement are shown in separate plans, designation of reinforcement layers need not be shown with the reinforcement. Instead, a legend should be added
NOTE : This method i s of part icul ar use when the slab reinfor cemen t i s co mplex to dr aw.
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AS/NZS 1100.501:2002
FIGURE 3.1
SPLICING OF BARS — GENERAL REPRESENTATION (SEE CLAUSE 3.2.2.6)
FIGURE 3.2
SPLICING OF BARS—SPECIFIC REPRESENTAT ION (SEE CLAUSE 3.2.2.6)
3.2.3 Slab reinforcement 3.2.3.1 Bars
For bars, one bar should be drawn in the direction in which it is laid in the placing zone and the width or extent of t hat zone shall be shown by the extent line, generally perpendicular to the bar axis (see Figure 3.3). The intersection of bar and extent line should be indicated by a hexagon or a dot. Spacing shall be measured along the extent line. 3.2.3.2 Rectangular mesh
For rectangular mesh, the direction of the main (closer spaced) wires should be drawn as in Figure 3.4. The extent line shall show the coverage of the slab b y the mesh. COPYRIGHT
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3.2.3.3 Square mesh
A similar method to rectangular mesh may be used for square mesh. However, provided that the sheet will cover the span without laps, no differentiation between wires is needed (see Figure 3.5). In large areas where one layer of mesh is used, the method shown in Figure 3.6 may be adopted, provided that confusion with other reinforcement does not occur.
FIGURE 3.3 BAR REINFORCEMENT (SEE CLAUSE 3.2.3.1)
FIGURE 3.4 RECTANGULAR MESH (SEE CLAUSE 3.2.3.2)
FIGURE 3.5 SQUARE MESH (SEE CLAUSE 3.2.3.3) COPYRIGHT
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FIGURE 3.6
3.2.4
AS/NZS 1100.501:2002
SIMPLIFIED DETAILING FOR MESH (SEE CLAUSE 3.2.3.3)
Notation for prestressing
The applications of prestressed concrete construction are diverse but the methods of detailing vary little from those used for reinforced concrete except in the delineation of main stressing tendons. In post-tensioned prestressed concrete work, the tendons and ducts may be required to conform to predetermined curves, usually parabolic or a combination of parabolas. Detail drawings should provide sufficient information to enable the tendons to be accurately placed. Various types of stressing tendons are in use, each type having its special form of end anchorage. Particular care is required in detailin g the end anchorages and anchorage blocks. Pre-tensioned prestressed concrete units are usually constructed using a number of tendons tensioned on a special prestressing bed. No special detailing is required for this form of construction, but correct reinforcement, spacing and special details should be shown or noted in the drawing. Example illustrations of live and dead anchors and a coupler are shown in Figure 3.7. For information on steel tendon for prestressed concrete, see AS 1310 and AS 1311. In addition to the notes on concrete strengths, type of normal reinforcing steel (if any), type of prestressing tendons and methods of tensioning, further notes should give details of the points to be used for liftin g, handling and stacking the units. The hog of a member due to prestressing should be s hown. Design information to be given in notes on the drawings should include all details required for construction of the element including the stressing force and sequence of stressing (see AS 3600 and NZS 3101). 3.2.5
Profile decking
The direction of the ribs in a structural profile decking shall be indicated with two-way arrows pointing in the direction parallel to the ribs.
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3.2.6 Joints in concrete
Joints shown in concrete plans or elevations shall be indicated as follo ws: Joint type
Abbreviation
Line designation letter
CJ
B
straight
CJ(S)
F
dowelled
DCJ
K
keyed
KCJ
G
IJ
A
keyed
KJ
G
dowelled
DJ
K
sawn or trowelled joint
SJ
F
dowelled
DEJ
K
keyed
KEJ
G
Construction joint — general
Isolation joint
Contraction joints —
Expansion joints —
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE 3.7
PRESTRESS ED CONCRETE DETAILS—EX AMPLES (SEE CLAUSE 3.2.4)
3.3 STRUCTURAL STEEL 3.3.1
Design layout drawings
Structural elements shall be shown on design layout drawings by type A lines. Li ght sections such as purlins may be shown in type B lines. The drawings should clearly show the total structure including t he disposition of members. Member sizes and identifying mark numbers should be shown, preferably by means of a member schedule, or by designation i mmediately adjacent to the member on the drawing. Connections should be indicated by type and designation of a standard connection where possible. Stan dard connections shall be fully detailed in the desi gn detail drawings unless referenced to another source. Non-standard or special connections should be clearly crossreferenced to the appropriate design detail drawing (see Clause 2.8). COPYRIGHT
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3.3.2
AS/NZS 1100.501:2002
Design detail drawings
The design detail drawings should communicate all of the designer’s intentions with the possible exception of items adequately covered in the general notes, specification, or by a standard detail or connection. These drawings should show the sizes of structural members, and should be set out so that all views represent those seen when making the component. In practice, angles and channels are marked out on the outer surfaces and are therefore better drawn showing these views. Where a design detail, e.g. a truss, is symmetrical about the centre-line, one half only need be detailed and annotated ‘symmetrical about centre-line’. Opposite-hand noting should be used with caution, and only if the component is opposite-hand in all respects. The annotation for ‘opposite hand’ elements shall be noted specifically in the same way as with symmetrical items, e.g.: Truss, Mark T1—As shown. Truss, Mark T2—Opp. hand. General notes should be provided for details of it ems such as— (a)
steel strength and grade;
(b)
weld size, type and electrodes;
(c)
bolt si zes and grades;
(d)
surface treatment and protective coating; and
(e)
any special fasteners.
Unless standard connections or standard detail parameters are used, the drawings shall include details of all connections. 3.3.3
Designation of steel elements
Designation of steel elements shall comply with AS 3678, AS/NZS 3679.1, AS/NZS 3679.2 and AS 1163. Table 3.4 in dicates appropriate designations. The dimensions of rolled steel sections, plates and structural hollow sections may vary due to rolling tolerances as defined in AS/NZS 3679.1, AS/NZS 3679.2 and AS 1163 respectively. Where connections or other details are dimensioned, the closing dimensions should be omitted to allow for the variation that may occur. 3.3.4
Designation of welds and fasteners
3.3.4.1 Welds
Symbols for welding shall comply with AS 1101.3, and welding terms with AS 28 12. Where structures are built to AS 3990, AS 4100 or NZS 3404, weld details shall be provided in accordance with AS/NZS 1554 and should incl ude the strength grade of electrodes. Alternatively for certain structures, welds may be specified by performance not symbols, e.g. CPBW (complete penetration butt weld), IPBW (incomplete penetration butt weld) CFW (continuous fillet weld). See AS 2812 for furt her details. 3.3.4.2 Bolts and bolting procedure
Bolt size and property class should be nominated on design detail drawings, as appropriate. The bolting procedure shall be shown by that comprises— (a)
the property class of the bolt, i.e. 4.6 or 8.8, in accordance with AS 1111 or AS/NZS 1252 respectively;
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(b)
the tensioning of the bolt in accordance with AS 4100 or NZS 3404, i.e. S for ‘snug tight’; T for full tensioning; and
(c)
where appropriate, the type of joint, i.e. F for friction joint; B for bearing joint.
Table 3.5 gives the bolting procedure designation fo r commercial and high strength structural bolts, together with their associated standard, nominal tensile strength and nominal yield strength. TABLE 3.4 DESIGNATION OF STEEL ELEMENTS (SEE CLAUSE 3.3.3) Section type
Material standard
Abbreviation
Typical example of designation (See Notes 1 and 2)
Welded beam
AS/NZS 3679.2
WB
700WB115, 1200WB455
Welded column
AS/NZS 3679.2
WC
350WC197, 500WC440
New Zeal and welded sections
NZS 3404
Universal beam
AS/NZS 3679.1
UB
150UB14.0, 610UB125
Universal column
AS/NZS 3679.1
UC
100UC14.8. 310UC158
Tee cut from UB
AS/NZS 3679.1
BT
75BT7.0, 305BT62.5
Tee cut from UC
AS/NZS 3679.1
CT
50CT7.4, 155CT79.0
Taper flange beams
AS/NZS 3679.1
TFB
100TFB, 125TFB
Parallel flange channels
AS/NZS 3679.1
PFC
150PFC, 125TFC
Taper flange channels
AS/NZS 3679.1
TFC
75TFC, 125TFC
Equal angles
AS/NZS 3679.1
EA
25 ×25 ×6EA, 200 ×200 ×26EA
Unequal angles
AS/NZS 3679.1
UA
65 ×50 ×5UA, 150 ×100 ×12UA
Flat bar
AS/NZS 3679.1
FL
20 ×3 FL, 150 ×50 FL, 300 ×12 FL
Round bar
AS/NZS 3679.1
ROD or RD
Square bar
AS/NZS 3679.1
SQ
Plate
AS/NZS 3678
Circular hollow sections
AS 1163
CHS
13.5 ×2.3CHS, 610.0 ×12.7CHS
Rectangular hollow sections
AS 1163
RHS
50 ×20 ×1.6RHS, 250 ×150 ×9.0RHS
Square hollow sections
AS 1163
SHS
20 ×20 ×1.6SHS, 250 ×250 ×9.0SHS
Cold-formed purlins and girts
AS 1397
Z C
Z10010, Z35030 C10010, C35030
Structural decking
AS 1397
—
Refer manufacturer’s literature
SWB, S WC, LB, SB, HB, PB, EB, TB, SC, HP, BP
PLATE or PL
700SWB115, 350SWC197, 600LB60, 500PB158
16 DIA ROD or 100 RD 10 SQ, 40 SQ 250×150 × 16 PLATE
NOTES: 1
Unless otherwise stated, dimensions are in millimetres.
2
Dimensions for the universal beam, universal column and cold-formed purlins are nominal dimensions. For angles, thickness designation may not be actual thickness. Refer to appropriate material Standard for sizes.
3
Mass in designation is to three significant figures but if mass is less than 10 kg/m, then two significant figures are used. COPYRIGHT
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TABLE 3.5 BOLTING PROCEDURE DESIGNATION FOR COMMERCIAL AND HIGH STRENGTH STRUCTURAL BOLTS (SEE CLAUSE 3.3.4.2) Bolting procedure designation
Bolt name
Standard
4.6/S (see Note 1)
Commercial
AS 1111
8.8/S (see Note 2)
High strength structural
AS 1252
8.8/TF (see Note 3)
High strength structural
AS 1252
8.8/TB (see Note 3)
High strength structural
AS 1252
NOTES: 1
Bolting procedure 4.6/S refers to commercial bolts of property class 4.6 conforming to AS 1111, tightened using a standard wrench to a ‘snug-tight’ condition.
2
Bolting procedure designation 8.8/S refers to any bolt of property class 8.8, tightened using a standard wrench to a ‘snug-tight’ condition.
3
Bolting procedure designations 8.8/TF and 8.8/TB (or 8.8/T when referring generally to both types of bolt) refer specifi call y to high strength stru ctural bolts of prop erty clas s 8.8 confo rmin g to AS 1252, fully tensioned in a controlled manner to the requirements of AS 4100 and NZS 3404.
4
For further information, see Australian Institute of Steel Construction documents ‘Bolting of Steel Structures’ and ‘Standardized Structural Connections’, and Hera Report R4-58 ‘Manual of Standard Connection Details for Structural Steelwork’.
3.3.4.3 Shear studs
The representation of shear studs is shown in Figure 3.8.
FIGURE 3.8
REPRESENTATION OF SHEAR STUDS (SEE CLAUSE 3.3.4.3)
3.3.4.4 Special fasteners
On design detail drawings, other fasteners such as masonry anchors, gun fixing or rivets should be shown and fully specified. Full details of such anchorages and fixings should be shown on shop detail drawings. 3.4 TIMBER 3.4.1
Design layout drawings
Structural elements shall be shown on design layout drawings by type A lines. The drawings should clearly show the total structure including the disposition of members and all dimensions necessary to define their position relative to each other and the total structure. COPYRIGHT
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Member sizes and identifying mark numbers should be shown, preferably by means of a member schedule, or by designation immediately adjacent to the member on the drawing. Connections should be indicated by type and designation of a standard connection where possible. Stan dard connections shall be fully detailed in the desi gn detail drawings unless referenced to another source. Non-standard or special connections should be clearly cross-referenced to the appropriate design detail drawing (see Clause 2.8). 3.4.2
Design detail drawings
The design detail drawings should communicate all of the designer’s intentions with the possible exception of items adequately covered in the general notes, specification or by a standard detail or connection. These drawings should be set out so that all views represent those seen when making the component. Where a design detail, e.g. a truss, is symmetrical about the centre-line, one half only need be detailed and annotated ‘symmetrical about centr e-line’. Opposite-hand noting should be used with caution, and only if the component is opposite-hand in all respects. The annotation for ‘opposite hand’ elements shall be noted specifically in the same way as with symmetrical items, e.g. : Truss, Mark T1 — As shown Truss, Mark T2—Opp. hand General notes should be provided to— (a)
give details of items such as stress grade of timber, whether seasoned or unseasoned;
(b)
whether sizes are nominal or minimum (see Note 2);
(c)
bolt si zes and grades;
(d)
surface treatment and protective coating; and
(e)
any special fasteners.
The drawings shall also include details of all connections, unless separate drawings are prepared, or standard connection details are used. NOT ES: 1
For structural members, timber sections should be designated by the minimum sizes.
2
Some types of timber are ‘scant cut’, such that the nominal size includes the width of the saw cut necessary to produce that size.
3.4.3
Conventional representation of timber
The representation of timber on design layout and design detail drawings shall comply with AS 1100.301, and Table 3.6. The appropriate stress grade, joint group and durability class, as given in AS 1720 and NZS 3603, should be specified, rather than reference to sp ecific speci es and grade names. In special situations it may be necessary to nominate a particular species, in which case the standard trade name and reference number should be used in accordance with AS/NZS 1148.
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TABLE 3.6 CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF VIEWS AND SECTIONS OF TIMBER MEMBERS (SEE CLAUSE 3.4.3) Solid timber
Laminates or plys
View or section Round
Rectangular
Horizontal
Vertical
End view
Cross-section
3.4.4
Conventional representation of fasteners and connectors
The representation of fasteners and connectors on design layout and detail drawings shall be in accordance with Tables 3.7 and 3.8 respectively. Detailed information shall be provided by means of notes or detail drawings, indicating the size, number and location of fasteners or connectors. Fasteners or connectors not shown in Tables 3.7 and 3.8 shall be drawn out in detail on the design detail drawing concerned.
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TABLE 3.7 TIMBER — CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF FASTENERS (SEE CLAUSE 3.4.4) Type of fastener
Conventional representation
Nails
Wood screws
Coach screws
Bolts
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TABLE 3.8 TIMBER—CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF CONNECTORS (SEE CLAUSE 3.4.4) Type of connector
Conventional representation
Split ring
Shear plate
Circular toothed (bulldog) connector
Nailplate
Toothed plate connector
Glued connection
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3.5 MASONRY 3.5.1
Masonry drawings
A masonry drawing should clearly show the dimensions and shape of the structural element or elements depicted. The type, size, shape, extent and location of any reinforcement shall also be clearly shown. NOT E: See als o AS 3 700 for inf ormatio n to b e s hown on dra wings.
3.5.2
Conventional representation
The representation of masonry on drawings shall comply with AS 1100.301. Wall thicknesses should be designated by using the manufacturing dimension of the units or appropriate multiples of it plus the appropriate number of 10 mm joints; e.g. 110, 230, 350 or 90, 140, 190, 290 mm. 3.5.3
Reinforcement
Drawings for reinforced masonry shall, as far as possible, follow the methods given in Clause 3.2. 3.5.4
Special fasteners
Where masonry anchors are used to make a connection to masonry, the type of masonry unit and fastener shall be specified. NOT E: Some types of mas onr y are unsuitable for certai n t ypes o f a ncho r. For exa mple — (a)
extruded perforated bricks are unsuitable for expanding or chemical anchors; and
(b) hollow blocks are unsuitable for explosive powered fasteners and expanding or chemical anchors.
3.5.5
Lintels
Concrete, steel and timber lintels shall be shown in accordance with Clauses 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4. 3.5.6
Loadbearing walls
Loadbearing masonry walls should be shown on structural drawings. NOTES: 1
In a structural drawing, loadbearing walls in plan should be shown below concrete floors and shown using a Type F line
2
Non-loadbearing walls are not generally shown in plan or section, but if shown, they should be noted as such or shown with a compressible filler to the floor slab or beam.
3
Slip joints to concrete roofs should be shown using a Type A line.
3.5.7
Expansion joints
Expansion joints shall be indicated with a Type A line.
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