3-Day Gen Open 112003 3a

Heat / Temperature Control Maintaining a stable fluid film © 2003 John Crane EAA

314

Heat in Stuffing Box

Two sources of heat Ê Ê

heat soak from the product heat generated by the seal

315

Heat generation - the causes

size

speed

temperature Ê

product properties p p p Ê

Too much heat generated • drydry-running • excessive wear • veryy short seal life

cooling flush or multiple

surface finish - faces

materials of faces

h d li pressure hydraulic

Hydraulic Balance

Hydraulic Balance

Hydraulic Balance

Hydraulic Balance

Hydraulic Balance - Actual



Hydraulic Balance

Unbalanced Pusher Seal

Balanced Pusher seal

324

Hydraulic Balance - Metal Bellows

Balance Diame eter

70%

Metal bellows seals are INHERENTLY balanced Note: the balance factor varies with pressure 325

Hydraulic Balance - Benefits

Reduced heat generation Ê Ê

Reduced wear rate Ê Ê

longer life less down down--time

R d Reduced d power required i d to t drive d i the th seall Ê

ideal for unstable and low SG fluids less heat to be dissipated - less cooling required

lower running costs

Increased pressure range for pusher seals Ê

this simple modification allows much higher pressures to be sealed

API682 specifies balanced seals for all applications 326

Balanced Seals – Spring Force

Spring force produced by a variety of spring types Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê

Single coil spring Multiple coil springs Wave springs Metal diaphragms Metal bellows

Normall spring loading l d gives face f stress off 1.5 – 2.0 bar (20 (20--30 lb/in2)

S lf Assessment Self A Questions / Answers

© 2003 John Crane EAA

Question 1

Name four of the factors involved in the creation of frictional heat

Size

Speed (rpm)

Nature of service fluid

Temperature of fluid

Surface finish of faces

Materials of construction Pressure acting on the seal Surface area

Question 2

Why are springs (or a spring force) required?

To keep faces closed Ê

At low pressure

Ê

When stationary

T compensate To t ffor wear To allow for shaft axial movement (bearings or thermal expansion) To hold faces closed under short periods of partial vacuum

Question 3

Metal bellows do not require a step in the shaft or sleeve to reduce face stresses. stresses Please state the reason for this

They are inherently balanced

Question 4

Which factors involved in the creation of heat are we generally unable to change or influence?

Size

Speed (rpm)

Question 5

Give the percentage hydraulic balance figure most commonly used

Pusher seals – 75%

Metal bellows – 70%

Question 6

What face stress is given by the normal spring loading?

1.1/2 to 2 bar (kg/cm2)

Question 7

If the seal balance factor is changed from 75% to 80%, what will happen to the rate of wear?

Wear will increase

Question 8

State two advantages to be gained from hydraulically balancing a pusher mechanical seal

Less wear Ê

Less heat generated Ê

Less cooling

Less power consumed Ê

Longer life

Cheaper to run

Higher pressure capability

Environment of a Mechanical Seal Cooling the Seal Area


337

Heat in Stuffing Box

Two sources of heat Ê Ê

heat soak from the product heat generated by the seal

338

Cooling

Heat control / removal PTFE

A

B

Graphite

C

D

Heat control / removal


342

Heat control / removal API Plan 11

Product recirculation line.

343

Heat control / removal API Plan 13 Reverse circulation to suction

344

Heat control / removal Ensure flow at all times: constant and even temperature Removes heat generated by the seal Do not use with a cooling jacket. 345


346


347



349


API Plan 61 / 62



352



354



Question 1

What are the two main sources of heat in the seal chamber?

Friction between Primary Ring and Mating Ring Heat soak from a hot product

Question 2

Why do some mating rings dissipate heat better than others?

Good contact/good heat soak paths between mating ring and its housing Good heat conducting materials such as silicon carbide

Question 3

What can happen to the sealed fluid if a suitable heat balance cannot be achieved?

Fluid will vaporise between the seal faces, creating dry running and rapid wear Torsional and radial vibration caused byy “stick--slip” “stick Axial vibration if there is expansion when fluid vaporises (e.g., water to steam)

Question 4

What simple methods of cooling li are used d when h a suitable heat balance cannot be maintained?

Product recirculation Ê

API Plan 1, 11, 13

Cooling jacket

Question 5

Give two methods of improving the cooling effect from a product recirculation line?

Increase surface area of recirculation pipe Ê

External fins

Ê

Coiled pipe

Fit cooler/heat exchanger into the recirculation line Ê

API Plan 21

Question 6

When is a cooled mating ring particularly successful?

When the pumped fluid is stable under pressure in the pump, but is brought close to its vapour point when it passes across the faces, increasing in temperature and dropping in pressure. pressure

Question 7

What purpose can a hollow mating ring serve in addition to cooling?

Can be used for heating viscous fluid films

Question 8

If conditions are not ideal to achieve a good thermosyphon circulation what can be circulation, done to improve circulation?

Pumping ring in the seal chamber Small external circulating pump in down--leg from sealant down y system

Hands--on Exercise Hands Assemble and Fit a Balanced Pusher Seal Type 109B or Type 8B1

.

364

Type 8B1 Balanced Elastomer O-Ring Seal 'X' Gasket

(3)

(2)

L65 L3 = Scribed datum lines

(1)

Environment of a Mechanical Seal Secondary Containment


366

Secondary Containment


To contain hazardous emissions To contain product leakage when main mechanical seal finally fails To isolate product from the atmosphere Ê

coking

Ê

crystallising

Ê

freezing

Ê

polymerising

To contain a quench for other reasons (e (e.g. g cooling) 368

Secondary Containment Non-contacting devices

A

B

C

Contacting Devices

D

E

F

G

Quench and Flush

Quench Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê

low pressure (0.5 bar g) low flow (0.5 litres/minute) external to main seal no contamination no dilution

Flush Ê Ê Ê Ê

high g pressure p (>1.0 ( bar above seal pressure) p ) injected into seal chamber cools pumped product dil t pumped dilutes d product. d t 370


Non--contacting Non

Fixed non non--sparking throttle bush

Minimum requirement for API 610

Leakage reduction

Anyy shaft movement will cause wear.

Use API Plan 61 371


Non--contacting Non

Floating carbon bush

Minimum requirement for API 682

Moves with the shaft

L k Leakage reduction d ti

Steam quench

Less wear

Longer life.

Use API Plan 61 or 62 372


Non--contacting (close) Non

Floating carbon bush

Segmented for ease of replacement

Wears own clearance

Moves with the shaft

Leakage reduction

Steam quench

Less leakage

Longer life.



Contacting or NonNoncontacting

Materials to suit

Non--contacting Non Ê Ê

acts like plain bush can be compressed when seal leaks


Contacting or NonNoncontacting

Materials to suit

Non--contacting Non Ê Ê

acts like plain bush can be compressed when seal leaks

Contacting Ê

must supply continuous quench

Use API Plan 62 or 51


Contacting

Various lipseal type devices

Isolate product p od ct ffrom om atmosphere and contain t i any leakage l k

Must supply lubricant at all times (quench)

Low pressures only.



Contacting

Li seall reversed Lip d

Ideal for grease g lubrication Acts as safety valve Used in paper, paper sewage and sugar industries



Contacting

C ti Continuous quench h

Metal casing

Plastics and PTFE

Version for water

Higher pressure

Hardened shaft



John Crane ‘FS’ seal

Non--contacting in Non normal operation

No quench required

Main seal failure Ê

activates at 0.5 bar

Ê

50 bar dynamic y 379

Secondary Containment Safe-T-Seal Safe‘FS’


381

Leakage Containment

Typical Type 48MP / Type 28SC Tandem Installation

Secondary Containment - Sealol

Low temperature version shown 383




Question 1

What two categories do secondary containment devices fall into?

Contacting

Non--contacting Non

Question 2

Which form of secondary containment conforms to the minimum requirement of API 682, Category 3?

Solid, floating carbon bush

Question 3

Why are segmented bushes used, particularly with large equipment?

They can be replaced without dismantling the machine Less leakage

Question 4

What else is needed when h using i a compressed packing?

Continuous quench for l b i ti and lubrication d cooling li

Question 5

Which device has two specified rates of leakage?

John Crane ‘FS’ lip seal Ê

Ê

Non-energised (non Non(non-contacting) Energised (contacting)

Environment of a Mechanical Seal Multiple Seals


391

A Single Seal

1. Clean, pure, nonnon-abrasive process fluid 2. Moderate p pressure,, viscosityy and temperature p 3. Steady and continuous shaft speed

Single seal is not enough

Use multiple seals if: Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê

Single seals utilise process fluid to provide the lubricating interface film

Ê Ê Ê Ê

fluid is toxic fluid is flammable environmental isolation required fluid changes state fluid is not a good lubricant or is a gas fluid is unstable dry running likely expensive product critical pump

Single seal is not enough

Use multiple seals if: Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê

Single seals utilise process fluid to provide the lubricating interface film

Ê Ê Ê Ê

fluid is toxic fluid is flammable environmental isolation required fluid changes state fluid is not a good lubricant or is a gas fluid is unstable dry running likely expensive product critical pump

Leakage - Newtonian Fluids Diameter (mm) 100

Speed (rpm)

80 60

40 30

20

Pressure (bar g) 0

2

4

6

8

10 12 14 16 18 20 0.01 Balanced Seal

L e a k a g e ( m l/h ) 0.1

1 Unbalanced Seal

10

100

Multiple Seals

Two common arrangements Ê

Ê

Tandem

low pressure buffer fluid

high integrity secondary containment

inboard seal lubricated by product

Pressurised Double (e (e.g., g Back Back--to to--Back)

pressurised barrier fluid

inboard seal lubricated by barrier fluid

There are many other arrangements Ê

Face--to Face to--Face; Dual; Concentric; etc. etc

M l i l Seals Multiple S l Tandem Unpressurised © 2003 John Crane EAA

Multiple Seals: Tandem Inboard Seal P d t Product lubricates this seal This seal is under full product pressure

Use API Plan 52

Basic tandem non non--pressurised double

Note possible bl contamination of buffer fluid

Multiple Seals: Tandem Outboard Seal Clean buffer fluid lubricates this seal Buffer fluid is at low (atmospheric) pressure Use API Plan 52


Multiple Seals: Tandem Inboard seal most likely to fail first Buffer fluid l level/pressure l/ will rise Outboard seal acts as secondary containment Use API Plan 52


Process can continue co t ue u until t completed

Multiple Seals: Tandem


Multiple Seals: Tandem Part of Drawing Number H-SP-47063

403


M l i l Seals Multiple S l Pressurised Double © 2003 John Crane EAA

Double Seals: BackBack-to to--Back Pressurised barrier fluid is circulated round the seals This lubricates both sets of seal faces

Use API Plan a 53

Basic backback-toto-back pressurised double seal

Double Seals: BackBack-to to--Back If outboard seal fails, barrier pressure will fail and pump must be switched off as product will leak out

Use API Plan a 53

Basic backback-toto-back pressurised double seal

Double Seals: BackBack-to to--Back

Double Seals: Face Face--to to--Face Rotating Mating Ring

Stationary seals

Similar in operation to backback-to to--back double seal Much shorter - only one mating ring Simple rotating components

Sundyne Pump Seals

Sundyne Pump Seals

Sundyne Pump Seals

Sundyne Pump Seals

Sundyne Seals

Shaft Speed:

Up to 25 25,000 000 RPM

Temperature:

AM350 to 425° 425°C / 800 800°°F Hastelloy C to 360 360°°C / 675 675°°F

Pressure: AM350 60 bar g Hastelloy C 53 bar g max.

Double Seals: Face Face--to to--Face

Double seals: FaceFace-to to--face Type 7700 DryDry-running Double Seals

Standard d d Installation ll

Debris b Wellll Installation ll 416

Type 7700 Seal Double seal for use where single seals are not acceptable Gas barrier lubrication Double, balanced design Temperatures to 150 °C Speeds to 300 rpm Computer optimised primary ring profile Solid, symmetrical tungsten carbide mating ring Handles more shaft movement than any other vessel seal Major inboard and outboard components interchangeable Field repairable Cartridge seal Debris well option Liquid barrier lubrication can be used if preferred. 417

Mixer / Agitator g / Reactor

Type 32 - Dry Dry--Running Seal

Type 32 Parameters Performance Data Temperature Pressure

Speed

Size Range

-40°C to +150°C -50°F to +300°F Full vacuum to 15 bar g/225 psig

Up to 2 m/s or 400 fpm 25 to 175 mm 1.00 to 7.00 in.

Double Seals: Concentric

Type 151 Seal for TopTop-Entry Vessels



Type 153 Seal for Top Entry, GlassGlass-Lined Mixers


Type 157C Seal for Top Entry, GlassGlass-Lined Mixers 423

Mixer and Agitator g Seals Performance Data Type 151/153 Temperature Pressure Speed Size Range

Type 157C

-25°C to +230°C -25°C to +230°C -15°F to +445°F -15°F to +445°F Full vacuum to 41 bar Full vacuum to 41 bar g/600 psig g/600 psig Up to 1000 rpm

Up to 1000 rpm

30 to 200 mm / 1.00 1 00 to 9.00 in.

30 to 160 mm

N t B Note: By using i a suitable it bl fl flange th the seals l can b be used d on DIN or other th standard t d d equipment i t

Reverse Pressure

Reverse Pressure

Reverse Pressure

Reverse Pressure

Reverse Pressure

Reverse Pressure

Reverse Pressure

Double seals: BackBack-to to--back Part of Drawing Number HSP-1002775-1

Dual Seal Type 5620 – NonNon-pressurised “tandem” seal

433

Dual Seal Type 5620 – Pressurised “double” seal

434

American Petroleum Institute Standards for Pumps and Mechanical Seals API 676

API 610 Positive Displacement 7th Edition Pumps

Pumps and Seals

API 610

8th Edition

Mainlyy Pumps p

API 682

1st Edition

Seals Only

.

Type yp A - Arrangement g 2 316 SS Metal Parts standard

Primary Face Hastelloy™ C Carbon - standard Springs p g Tungsten g Carbide optional

Unpressurised Dual Seal Low Emission John Crane Optimised Face Design Type 2648

Drive Collar

. Fluoroelastomer Secondary Seals standard

Hydraulically Retained Mating Ring

Sili Silicon Carbide C bid Mating M ti Ring Ri - standard

Arrangement 2

Rotating seals Ê

stationary seals are Data Sheet selection

Reverse p pressure up p to 2.75 bar (40 ( psi) p ) Ê

maximum likely in vapour recovery system even under upset conditions .

T yp Type yp e A A - Arrangement g 3 Hastelloy™ C Springs 316 SS Metal Parts standard

Primary Face Carbon - standard Tungsten g Carbide optional

Pressurised Dual Seal Low Emission John Crane Optimised Face Design Type 3648

Drive Collar

. Fluoroelastomer Secondary Seals standard

Hydraulically Retained Mating Ring

Silicon Carbide Mating Ring - standard

Arrangement 3

Must function as Arrangement 2 in the event of loss of barrier fluid pressure

Barrier fluid pressure Ê

1 4 to 4 1.4 4.1 1 bar above inboard seal pressure

Ê

inboard seal pressure at throat bushing

Standard is for seals to rotate

.

Type C - Arrangement 2 and 3 Low Expansion Alloy front adapter

Carbon or Tungsten Carbide Face

Silicon Carbide Mating Ring standard

Spiral Wound Gasket

718 Inconel™ Bellows standard for API 682 seals Axial Flow Pumping Ring standard Drive Collar

. Crane-foil™ Secondary CraneSeals and Gasketing

Pressurised or Unpressurised Dual High Temperature Seal

Multiple Seals Advantages of Double Pressurised and Tandem Seal Configurations P Pressurised i d Double D bl

U Unpressurised i d Tandem T d

Will seal abrasive, viscous, highly toxic and unstable media, gas, or vacuum

Simple sealant system - no pressurisation equipment required

Any leakage will be barrier fluid into the process, so no contamination of barrier fluid Outboard seal is likely to start to leak first, giving early warning of seal failure. No process leakage Will not be upset by drydry-running conditions in the pump (e.g., starting with closed suction valve)

As product recirculation is commonly used at the inboard seal, less heat is accumulated As the buffer fluid is not pressurised, there is less heat generated, therefore less to remove Inboard seal is likely to fail first. Outboard seal can be designed to seal full process conditions, giving time to complete the process run before shutting down the pump

Multiple Seals Disadvantages of Double Pressurised and Tandem Seal Configurations Back to Back

Tandem

Complex sealant system requiring pressure supply supply, control and monitoring

Sealant system, although simple, must normally be vented to atmosphere, or safe area

Need to remove additional heat generated t db by pressurised i d barrier b i fluid

Buffer fluid will become contaminated t i t db by the th process fluid fl id

Higher g e po power e co consumption su pt o Seal failure results in a rapid loss of barrier fluid. The system must usually be shut down on failure

Can only be used if the process fluid iss su suitable tab e for o lubricating ub cat g tthe e inboard boa d seal faces



Question 1

Give one set of conditions that a single seal requires in order to achieve maximum seal life, and minimum leakage.

Fluid should be present and Ê

Clean

Ê

Pure

Ê

Non--abrasive Non

Moderate, nonnon-varying Ê

Pressure

Ê

Viscosity

Ê

Temperature

Shaft Speed Ê

Steady

Ê

Continuous

Question 2

Why may a single seal arrangement not be acceptable?

Safety Ê

Function Ê

Leakage not acceptable Single seal would not operate p under specified working conditions

Cost C t Ê

Critical machine

Ê

Expensive product

Question 3

In a pressurised double seal, what is the minimum differential pressure of the barrier fluid?

A minimum of 1 bar or 10% (whichever is higher) above the maximum process fluid pressure at the inboard seal

Question 4

Can the buffer fluid pressure in i a tandem t d seal arrangement be higher g than the process p pressure, under normal operating conditions?

No API 682 specifies that there should be a safety margin of up to 2.75 bar reverse pressure allowable under abnormal ab normal operating conditions

Question 5

Give two examples of applications for which double pressurised seals would be used. used

Unstable fluids

Highly toxic

Abrasive

Viscous

Gaseous

Gases

Question 6

Which API Piping Plans could be used to supply the barrier fluid in a pressurised double seal?

Plan 53A

Plan 53B

Plan 53C

Plan 54

Question 7

What lubricates the inboard seal faces of an unpressurised multiple seal arrangement?

The process fluid

Question 8

State two advantages that an unpressurised arrangement has over a pressurised arrangement.

Simple sealant system

Less heat accumulated

Less heat generated, so l less to t remove Outboard seal can act as backback-up in the event of inboard seal failure Inboard seal can continue to operate in the event of outboard seal failure

Question 9

State two advantages that a pressurised arrangement has over an unpressurised arrangement.

Will seal “anything and nothing” No contamination of barrier fluid Outboard seal likely to leak first – early warning – no process leakage Dry-running pump will Drynot damage the seal

Environment of a Mechanical Seal Sealant Systems


Sealant System

Sealant Systems

Sealant systems are required to Ê

supply low pressure sealant to tandem seals and secondary containment seals

Ê

supply pressurised sealant to backback-toto-back and other pressurised seal arrangements

Ê

cool the barrier fluid (sealant; buffer fluid)

Ê

monitor seal condition / leakage.

458

Sealant System

A

B

C

D

Sealant System

Vessel System

Tank System

Sealant System

Cooling can be added to the system System must be above and within 3 above, metres of pump Fl id circulates Fluid i l t by b thermosyphon May need d smallll pump or pumping scroll to assist i t flow. fl 461

Sealant System

Large bore piping

Smooth bends

Constantly rising pipe runs

Lagged upup-leg optional

Shortest route.

Sealant System: Tandem

Sealant System: Tandem Fluid level must be monitored: increase = inboard seal failing decrease = outboard seal failing O ti Optional l temp/pressure gauges Pressure switch & flow indicator are useful options.

Orifice plate. Open to atmospheric pressure. Valve on this line should be open until inboard seal failure a u

Optional circulating pump

Use API Plan 52 464

Sealant System: API Plan 52

Sealant Systems: Tandem

Sealant Sight Glass Level Tandem Seal Arrangement 8

Indicates deterioration of inboard seal

7

6

Level

5

4

Indicates deterioration of outboard seal

Slight rise due to leakage of product into sealant. Sealant needs to be changed regularly

3

2

1

0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 Time

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

466

Sealant System: Pressurised

Sealant System: Pressurised Nitrogen to pressurise barrier fluid: 1 bar above process pressure at the seal, or 10% above process pressure at the seal,, whichever is greater Pressure must be constantly monitored Use API Plan 53A

Pressure relief valve Fluid level must be checked regularly Hand pump to manually replace lost barrier fluid while system remains pressurised. 468

Sealant System: API Plan 53A

Sealant System: Pressurised Sealant Sight Glass Level Pressurised Double Seal Arrangement 8

Large drop indicates deterioration of inboard and/or outboard seal

Routine topping-up with hand pump

7

6

Level

5

4

Slight drop due to leakage through two seals

3

2

1

0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

.

Time

470

Sealant System: API Plan 53B Can be used above 30 bar g Can be installed awayy from seal area Simplified instrumentation Can refill efill system under pressure 471

Sealant System: API Plan 53B

Sealant System: API Plan 53C

Sealant System Up-leg: temperature at the top Upshould be similar to ((or slightly g y lower than) the seal end Down--leg: temperature at the seal Down end should be similar to (or slightly higher than) the top Check the flow indicator if fitted Actual temperatures and flows will depend on the application. Consult your seal supplier.

474

Typical Sealant Systems

475

Special Systems

.

Special Systems - API 682

Sealant Top Top--Up Trolley

Sealant System - 6BG

Sealant System - 8DK

Application Guide



Question 1

How can a vessel be designed to dissipate more heat?

By the addition of an internal cooling coil

Question 2

What equipment can be fitted to top up a vessel while under pressure?

Hand pump via a nonnonreturn valve

Question 3

What controls the barrier fluid pressure on a pumped tank system?

Needle valve

Question 4

Which vessel type system t should h ld be b used d for: Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê

Balanced a a ced outboa outboard d Unbalanced inboard 10 bar g barrier Water barrier fluid 1500 rpm 50 mm shaft diameter No ΔT required

Uncooled vessel

Hands--on Exercise Hands Fit a Balanced NonNon-Pusher Seal Type 680

487

Fitting a Type 680 Metal Bellows Seal


(1)

1 Scribe first datum line (1) on shaft.


(1)

2 Remove shaft from seal chamber.


‘X’

Gasket

3 Measure dimension ‘X’.


‘X’

(2)

(1)

4 Scribe line (2) ‘X’ mm inboard of line (1).


‘X’

(3)

(2)

(1)

L3

5 Scribe line (3) L3 mm inboard of line (2), L3 is the working length of the seal unit (See Fitting Instructions).


(3)

(2)

(1)

6 Ensure setscrews are withdrawn sufficiently to clear shaft and slide seal into position abutting line (3).


(3)

(2)

(1)

7 Tighten setscrews and replace shaft / seal in seal chamber. Ensure running faces are perfectly clean and dry.

Fitting a Type 680 Metal Bellows Seal ‘A’

(3)

(2)

(1)

8 Insert gland plate into seal chamber. Check gap ‘A’.


(3)

(2)

(1)

L3

9 Insert and evenly tighten 4 bolts, gently compressing seal to its working length (L3).

Mechanical Seal Installation Fitting a Balanced Non Non--Pusher Seal Type 680

498

Fitting a Type 680 8 Metal Bellows Seal


(1)

1 Scribe first datum line (1) on shaft.


(1)

2 Dismantle pump – remove seal chamber.


‘X’

Gasket

3

Fit Mating Ring into Gland Plate. Measure dimension ‘X’.


‘X’

(1)

(2)

4 Scribe line (2) ‘X’ mm outboard of line (1).

Fitting a Type 680 Metal Bellows Seal Note this dimension from line (3) to end of shaft or a shaft step. ‘Z’

‘X’

(1)

(3)

(2)

L3

5 Scribe line (3) L3 mm inboard of line (2), L3 is the working length of the seal unit (See Fitting Instructions).

Fitting a Type 680 Metal Bellows Seal Lubricate shaft with suitable lubricant

(3)

On single-ended pumps, slide gland plate onto shaft, taking care not to damage the mating ring

(1)

(2)

6 Ensure setscrews are withdrawn sufficiently to clear shaft, and slide seal into position, abutting line (3).

Fitting a Type 680 Metal Bellows Seal Check this dimension from line (3) to end of shaft or a shaft step. ‘Z’

(3)

(1)

(2)

Check seal is square. Tighten setscrews. Refit seal chamber. Ensure lapped faces are perfectly clean and dry.

Fitting a Type 680 Metal Bellows Seal ‘A’

(3)

(1)

(2)

8 Insert gland plate into seal chamber. Check gap ‘A’.


(1)

(3)

(2)

L3

9 Insert and evenly tighten 4 bolts, gently compressing seal to its working length (L3).

C Cartridge id Seals S l Advantages


Cartridge Seals Seal fully assembled in its own housing at factory All screws accessible from outside Fully pressure tested before despatch Pre-sett tto working P Preki length - no measuring Seal and seat square to shaft axis Lapped faces cannot be damaged.

Cartridge seals - designed to make installation simple

Conventional Seals Fitting Conventional Mechanical Seals Mark position of face of stuffing box on shaft p p Dismantle pump Lubricate tertiary seal Fit seat in end cover - ensure fully home and square Check seat is correctly located on anti-rotation pin Measure distance from front of end cover gasket to seat ('X') taking care not to scratch lapped face Look up seal working length in fitting instructions (L3) Add 'X' to L3 (or subtract depending on pump design) and note dimension ('Y') Measure 'Y' from mark on shaft towards impeller Mark shaft in this position Measure from this mark to end of shaft, or nearest step towards impeller and note dimension ('Z') Carefully wipe lapped face of seat perfectly clean Place end cover on shaft taking care not to damage seat Lightly lubricate shaft and secondary seal Slide seal unit on to shaft, ensuring it is the right way round Wipe lapped face of seal perfectly clean, taking care not to damage the surface Fit seall 'Z' ffrom end d off shaft h ft or shaft h ft step, t ensuring i it iis perfectly f tl square to t axis i off shaft h ft Evenly tighten grubscrews Assemble pump taking care not to damage rotating seal unit Offer end cover to face of stuffing box. Check gap before compressing seal with 'A' dimension in fitting instructions If incorrect, dismantle pump and start again If correct, tighten nuts on gland studs Cross fingers

Conventional Seals Fitting Conventional Mechanical Seals Mark position of face of stuffing box on shaft pump p Dismantle p Lubricate tertiary seal Fit seat in end cover - ensure fully home and square Check seatÊ is correctly located on anti-rotation pin Measure distance from front of end cover gasket to seat ('X') taking care not to scratch lapped face Look up seal Êworking length in fitting instructions (L3) Add 'X' to L3 (or subtract depending on pump design) and note dimension ('Y') Measure 'Y' from mark on shaft towards impeller Ê this position Mark shaft in Measure from this mark to end of shaft, or nearest step towards impeller and note dimension ('Z') Ê lapped face of seat perfectly clean Carefully wipe Place end cover on shaft taking care not to damage seat Lightly lubricate Ê shaft and secondary seal Slide seal unit on to shaft, ensuring it is the right way round Wipe lapped face of seal perfectly clean, taking care not to damage the surface Ê endd off shaft Fit seall 'Z' ffrom h ft or shaft h ft step, t ensuring i it iis perfectly f tl square to t axis i off shaft h ft Evenly tighten grubscrews Ê taking care not to damage rotating seal unit Assemble pump Offer end cover to face of stuffing box. Check gap before compressing seal with 'A' dimension in fitting instructions If incorrect, dismantle pump and start again If correct, tighten nuts on gland studs Cross fingers

Common questions:

was it clean? did I look up the correct seal? did I look up the correct size? is the seat square? did I measure accurately and correctly? will it work? for how long?

.

Cartridge Seals Fitting Conventional Mechanical Seals Mark position of face of stuffing box on shaft Dismantle pump Lubricate tertiary seal Fit seat in end cover - ensure fully home and square Check seat is correctly located on anti-rotation pin Measure distance from front of end cover gasket to seat ('X') ( X ) taking care not to scratch lapped face Look up seal working length in fitting instructions (L3) Add 'X' to L3 (or subtract depending on pump design) and note dimension ('Y') Measure 'Y' from mark on shaft towards impeller Mark shaft in this position Measure from this mark to end of shaft, or nearest step towards impeller and note dimension ('Z') Carefully wipe lapped face of seat perfectly clean Place end cover on shaft taking care not to damage seat Lightly lubricate shaft and secondary seal Slide seal unit on to shaft, ensuring it is the right way round Wipe lapped face of seal perfectly clean clean, taking care not to damage the surface Fit seal 'Z' from end of shaft or shaft step, ensuring it is perfectly square to axis of shaft Evenly tighten grubscrews Assemble pump taking care not to damage rotating seal unit Offer end cover to face of stuffing box. Check gap before compressing seal with 'A' dimension in fitting instructions If incorrect, dismantle pump and start again If correct, tighten nuts on gland studs Cross fingers

Fitting Cartridge d Seals l Lubricate the sleeve o o--ring Slide cartridge onto shaft Assemble the pump Tighten nuts on gland studs Tighten set screws Remove setting clip screws.

513

Cartridge Seals Fitting Conventional Mechanical Seals

Common knowledge:

Mark position of face of stuffing box on shaft Dismantle pump Lubricate tertiary seal Fit seat in end cover - ensure fully home and square Check seat is correctly located on anti-rotation pin Measure distance from front of end cover gasket to seat ('X') ( X ) taking care not to scratch lapped face Look up seal working length in fitting instructions (L3) Add 'X' to L3 (or subtract depending on pump design) and note dimension ('Y') Measure 'Y' from mark on shaft towards impeller Mark shaft in this position Measure from this mark to end of shaft, or nearest step towards impeller and note dimension ('Z') Carefully wipe lapped face of seat perfectly clean Place end cover on shaft taking care not to damage seat Lightly lubricate shaft and secondary seal Slide seal unit on to shaft, ensuring it is the right way round Wipe lapped face of seal perfectly clean clean, taking care not to damage the surface Fit seal 'Z' from end of shaft or shaft step, ensuring it is perfectly square to axis of shaft Evenly tighten grubscrews Assemble pump taking care not to damage rotating seal unit Offer end cover to face of stuffing box. Check gap before compressing seal with 'A' dimension in fitting instructions If incorrect, dismantle pump and start again If correct, tighten nuts on gland studs Cross fingers

Ê

th ffaces the are perfectly f tl clean l Fitting Cartridge Seals

Ê

the seal is set to the correct working length

Ê

Lubricate o ring the seal is square onthe thesleeve shafto-ring

Ê Ê Ê Ê

Slide cartridge onto shaft the seat is correctly fitted and located on pin Assemble the p pump p the seal has beennuts fully on pressure tested, so Tighten gland studs set screws you knowTighten it will work Remove setting no premature failures dueclips. to installation problems

Fitted faster than any conventional seal.

Cartridge Seals

Warnings:

Check gland plate face o o--ring/gasket is fitted

Remember to remove setting device(s)

Keep setting devices for seal removal

Type 5600 Range


Single O O--Ring Type 5610

.

Single O O--Ring Type 5610

.

Single Metal Bellows Type 5615

.

Dual OO-Ring Type 5620

.

Dual OO-Ring Type 5620 Oversized Bore

Pumping Ring Option

.

Single Elastomer Bellows Type 5611

.

Type 5600 range range. 56prog.exe

Program loading. Please wait . . .

Modular Family Of Cartridges Type 5610 5610Q 5620 5620PR 5620USP 5611 5611Q 5615 5615Q 56 5Q 5625 5625PR

Version

Comments

Single o o--ring

flush gland

Single o o--ring w / Quench

flush, quench & drain

Dual o o--ring

double or tandem operation

D l oDual o-ring i w / Pumping P i Ring Ri

d bl or tandem double t d operation ti

Dual o o--ring w / Up Up--Stream Pumping


Single elastomer bellows

flush gland

Single elastomer bellows w / Quench

flush, quench & drain

Single metal bellows

flush gland

Single g metal bellows w / Quench Q

flush, q quench & drain

Dual metal bellows


Dual metal bellows w / Pumping Ring


Type 5620 Seal

9. Remove and keep the four cap head screws and four spacers.

+

!

Spacers must be removed before rotating the shaft by hand or starting the pump.

Spiral Groove Technology Fluid Sealing with Gas Barrier © 2003 John Crane EAA

Spiral Groove Seals

Double pressurised seal

Cartridge seal

Gas lubricated

Non--contacting faces Non

Zero emissions i i

For all major pump standards Ê

DIN; ISO; ANSI; small and large section

Simple gas barrier supply system. system

Spiral Groove Principles

The spiral grooves are the heart of the non--contacting design non Precision depth grooves generate lift No wear or frictional heat generation Grooves can rotate or be stationary

Spiral Groove Geometry

2d.aas

2-D Spiral p Groove Geometryy

Spiral Groove Seal Theory Clean dry gas enters here The grooves pump gas across the faces

The faces lift - no contact.

Sealing Interface Approx. Approx 0.003mm 0 003mm Closing Force

Opening Force

Compression

Expansion Spring Load and Hydrostatics


Spring Load and Hydrostatics

Increased Opening Force



Balanced Opening Force Restored



Reduced Opening Force



Balanced Opening Force Restored

Normal Running Condition Inboard Seal

Gas

Product

Gas Pressure higher than Product Pressure

Reverse Pressure Condition Inboard Seal

Gas

Product

Product Pressure higher than Gas Pressure

The Standard Type 2800E For DIN & ANSI Standard narrow seal chambers

Temperature: Pressure: Speed:

-40 40°°C to +260° +260°C Full vacuum to 16 bar g 3 m/s to 25 m/s

Type 2800E Seal

.

Application - Solids

Up to 2% solids by volume Ê

use standard seal

O Over 2% and d up to 20% solids lid by b volume l Ê

use seal fitted with expeller p (2800E) ( )

Ê

use neck bush restrictor (2800)

Ê

use UpUp-Stream Pumping

Solids size range 10 microns to 1 mm mm..

Application - Solids

Expeller is fitted to the sleeve with an Alloy CC-276 tolerance strip and projects into seal chamber by 36 mm.

Type 2800Ex Slurry Tests

Type 2800E / 2800Ex

Without Solids Handling device

With Solids Handling Device

Type 2800E

2800e.aas

CStedy / CTrans Analysis

The Standard Type 2800 For DIN & ANSI Standard large bore seal chambers Setting clips removed

<0.08mm

O-rings: g

fluorocarbon uo o a bo or o perfluoroelastomer.

Stationary mating rings sintered silicon carbide

The Standard Type 2800 For DIN & ANSI Standard large bore seal chambers

Temperature: Pressure: Speed:

-40 40°°C to +260° +260°C Full vacuum to 21 bar g* 3 m/s to 25 m/s

*High Pressure version up to 42 bar g

.

Standard Type 2800

.

Type 2800E Seal Gas supply system

Cognis Performance Chemicals, Hythe, UK

A successful solution to their polymerisation problem using the Type 2800E seal

Type 28SC

Dry Running Secondary Containment Seal

Type 28SC

Typical Type 48MP / Type 28SC Tandem Installation

CK728G

Spiral Groove Technology Up--Stream Pumping Up


Conventional Seal

.

Up--Stream Pumping Up

.


.


.

Maximum pre essure

Process pre essure

Barrier fluid pre B essure

Up--Stream Pumping Up Rotation

.


.


.

Up--Stream Pumping Up Type 5620USP

.

560


Pressure

Process

Barrier Atmos

.

Up-Stream Pumping action

Minimal leakage

Up--Stream Pumping Up T d Tandem PRESSURE

1. Process into barrier fluid 2. Low pressure barrier fluid

Up Upp-Stream Pumping 1. Barrier fluid into process pressure barrier fluid 2. Low p

.

Up--Stream Pumping Up Pressurised d double 1. Barrier fluid into process 1 2. High barrier pressure

Up Upp-Stream Pumping 1. Barrier fluid into process 2. Low barrier pressure

.


.

Up--Stream Pumping Up Pumping Rates - Varying Speed

Pumping Rates - Varying Viscosity

12

12 3600 rpm

1.0 cp

10

1800 rpm

10 cp

8

F l o w - m l /m i n

F lo w - m l/ m i n

10

6 4 2

8 6 4 2

0

0 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Process Pressure - Bar g

Viscosity : Barrier Temperature: Barrier Pressure:

14

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Process Pressure - Bar g

1.0 cp 40° 40°C 0 bar g

Speed: Barrier Temperature: Barrier Pressure:

3600 rpm 40° 40°C 0 bar g


Advantages over glandless pumps Ê

Allows easy retrofitting of existing pumps

Ê

Greater pump efficiency

Ê

Abilityy to handle abrasive and high g viscosityy

Ê

Longer bearing life.

Summary

Low heat generation

Self--flushing design Self

Low running and starting torque

Low energy

Minimal maintenance

Safetyy

Type 28VL

. Typical example: Ethane; 27.7 bar a; -49 49°°C to +52° +52°C

Cryogenic Sealing

Type 285

Spiral Groove Technology S l Sealing Gas G Compressors and Turbo--Machinery Turbo © 2003 John Crane EAA

Gas Compressor Sealing

. Type 28AT

Type 28AT Seal Design Features Compliant balanced stationary carbon primary ring design providing maximum flexibility

Tungsten carbide or silicone carbide rotating mating ring

Logarithmic spiral or bi--directional bi grooves

Type 28AT Tandem + Type 82 N2 Buffer

Bearings

Secondaryy Vent

Primaryy Vent

Filtered Process Gas

Tandem with Labyrinth + Type 82 N2 Buffer (2) Secondary Vent

N2 Buffer (1)

Primary Vent

With external Type 82 or double purged labyrinth No process gas leakage to atmosphere

Filtered Process Gas

Spiral Groove Technology Sealing Steam Turbines


Steam Turbine Seal Type 28ST

.

28ST Steam Turbine Seal to 400oC

Over 1000 seals supplied to date

Seal S l Coding C di Brief Overview


Seal Coding

John Crane have two coding methods Ê

Seal Description Code

Ê

35 mm T2/BR1C1/WM

Seal Computer/Order Code

0350/2/-0350/2/ --/WM/384A /WM/384A

Also: John Crane Sealol John Crane Flexibox John Crane Safematic have their own coding systems at present present.

Seal Description Code Materials

35 mm T2 / B R 1 C 1 / WM Mating g ring g shape/type (Seat)

Seal size Seal type Secondary and T ti Tertiary See page 46 iii for materials

S i Spring Mating ring (Seat)

.

Primary ring Metal parts See page 104 (Face) excluding for mating rings spring


Where Secondary and Tertiary Seals are different materials, extra letters are added Ê

BGR1C1 B = Nitrile Secondary Seal G = EP Tertiary Seal

If th there iis no code d for f th the material t i l Ê Ê Ê

Use “X” St t X = th State: three di digit it material t i l code d e.g., X = 207


Translate: 48 mm T59B/QAR17H/CE Ê

Size:

48 mm

Ê

Type:

59B

Ê

M ti ring Mating i type: t

CE

Ê

Wedge (secondary):

PTFE

Ê

O-rings (tertiary):

Fluorocarbon

Ê

Primary ring:

Carbon + resin

Ê

Metal parts:

316 stainless

Ê

Mating ring:

Austenitic cast iron

Ê

Springs:

Alloy CC-276 (Hastelloy).


Translate: 35 mm T515E/PBRXST515E/PBRXS-/BP X=207 Ê

Size:

35 mm

Ê

Type:

515E

Ê

M ti ring Mating i type: t

BP

Ê

Metal bellows:

Inconel Alloy 718

Ê

O-rings:

Nitrile

Ê

Primary ring:

Carbon + resin

Ê

Metal parts:

FV520B stainless steel

Ê

Mating ring:

Sintered silicon carbide

Ê

Springs:

No springs

(metal bellows)

Seal Computer/Order Code 0350 / -----2 2 / -- / WM / 384A

16--digit code, divided into 5 groups 16

Seal Computer/Order Code Materials

0350 / 2 / -- / WM / 384A

Seal size

Material group Seal type Variant from standard

See page 47 for size codes

Mating ring shape/type (Seat)

.

See page 46 i for sample material groups


Translate: 0508/109B/-0508/109B/--/AG/602C /AG/602C Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê

Size: Seal type: Variant: Mating ring type: Material:

2” 2 109B Standard AG Q QR1S1

Wedge/tertiary seal: Primary ring: Metal parts: Mating ring: Springs:

PTFE Carbon/resin 316 stainless Silicon carbide 316 stainless.


Convert to Computer/Order Code: 40 mm T2 / GR1S1 / N Less Spring Locating Ring Ê

Ê

0400/--0400/ ---2/LL/ 2/LL/--N/530C or 0400/2/LL/N/530C Seal variant code “LL” will be found in the front section of the Code Manual: “Less Locating Ring”

Seal Component Code

(John Crane)

0350 / 095 / 171


Seal Component Code

(John Crane) Material

0350 / 095 / 171

Seal size

Materials Component Part Number

See page 47 for size codes

See page 46 i and ii for sample materials

John Crane Sealol Coding Primary Ring Material (Face) Materials of Construction Design Features Seal Type

670AHC--SGF307 670AHC SGF307--28

Seal Size

Mating Ring Material (Seat) Mating g Ring g Shape p Elastomers and Gaskets Gland Material Gland Style

John Crane Sealol Coding Standard carbon carbon--graphite Hastelloy C metal parts Basic low temp seal Type 670

670AHC--SGF307 670AHC SGF307--28

1 ¾” size

Silicon carbide O-ring g groove g m/ring g Fluorocarbon oo-rings 316SS gland g Flush, quench, throttle bush

John Crane Sealol Coding

609BAC 609BAC--SCP307 SCP307--050

609 high temperature narrow cross section seal Basic as c high g te temperature pe atu e sea seal less ess d drive e lugs ugs AM 350 bellows; Carpenter/Nilo shell; 347SS metal parts Chemical grade carboncarbon-graphite primary ring (face) Silicon l carbide b d (Sealide) ( l d ) mating ring (seat) ( ) Cushion mating ring type Grafoil secondary and tertiary seals; Flexitallic gasket Gland material 316SS Gland with flush and quench connections, throttle bushing Seal size: 50 mm.

John Crane Sealol Type 43 Seals 043--XXX 043 XXX--XXX XXX--XXX

Standard Seal Range - John Crane Sealol Type 43

John Crane Sealol Type 43 Seals 043--XXX 043 XXX--XXX XXX--XXX First Digit - Seal Style A 43 CE Long (UK(UK-Type 1A) B 43 CE Short Sh t (UK (UK--Type T 2) C 43 BE D 43 FE E 43 DIN Short (L1K with correct seat) G 43 CU Long (USA(USA-Type 1) H 43 CU Short (USA (USA--Type 2)

John Crane Sealol Type 43 Seals 043--XXX 043 XXX--XXX XXX--XXX Second Digit - Seal Elastomer D EPT F Fl Fluoroelastomer l t N Nitrile V Neoprene p 1 W Neoprene 2

John Crane Sealol Type 43 Seals 043--XXX 043 XXX--XXX XXX--XXX Third C S Y

Digit - Seal Face Carbon S lid (Solid) Sealide (S lid) Sealide II (Converted)

John Crane Sealol Type 43 Seals 043--XXX 043 XXX--XXX XXX--XXX Fourth Digit - Seat Material A Ceramic Aluminium Oxide 96% B Ceramic C i Aluminium Al i i Oxide O id 99% D Cast Iron R Ni--Resist Ni S Sealide W 316 Stainless Steel Y Sealide II Z 1.4104 / DIN x 12CrMoS17

John Crane Sealol Type 43 Seals 043--XXX 043 XXX--XXX XXX--XXX Fifth Digit – Mating Ring Style A 013 CU E 013 CE H 011 DIN Short J 011 BE K 013 DIN Short L 011 DIN Long N 011 FE P 013 PA

011 Mating Ring

013 Mating Ring

John Crane Sealol Type 43 Seals 043--XXX 043 XXX--XXX XXX--XXX Sixth D F N V W

Digit – Mating Ring Elastomer EPT Fl Fluoroelastomer l t Nitrile Neoprene p 1 Neoprene 2

John Crane Sealol Type 43 Seals 043--XXX 043 XXX--XXX XXX--XXX Seventh/Eighth/Ninth Digits - Size Inch Sizes in 1/16 1/16” preceded by X e.g., -X16 = 1”; -X24 = 1.1/2” Metric Sizes p preceded byy 0 e.g., -025 = 25 mm; -075 = 75 mm

John Crane Flexibox Coding RREP 0600 A6CY CBQ / U001


John Crane Flexibox Coding RREP 0600 A6CY CBQ / S001 Seal Type Seal Size Face Materials O-Ring Material Metal Parts Material

Post-order design Postcentre and unique design reference e.g., S=Sweden Pre Pree-o order de des design g features e.g., B=Safety Bush .

John Crane Flexibox Coding

Faces Ê Ê

High duty carbon vs silicon carbide Silicon carbide vs plain carbon

O-Rings Ê Ê Ê Ê

9C A6

A B C D

Nitrile Ethylene y Propylene py Fluorocarbon PTFE

Flexibox Code Manual

Metal Parts Ê Ê

E Y

Standard materials for FFET Standard materials for specific seal

.

Seal Coding And finally . . .

John Crane Inc Drawing Numbers

John Crane Inc Drawing Numbers

Typical drawings for OEMs and internal Ê

F-SD and CFCF-D

Layout drawings for specific applications Ê

AD--SP; K AD K--SP; F F--SP; CF CF--SP & H H--SP

End users should not rely on dimensions

Provide all setting dimensions and operating conditions

OEM Layout drawings for specific manufacturer Ê

F-SP; CFCF-SP; HH-SP

As above but service conditions often omitted

S l Families Seal F ili An Introduction or go to Seal Selection © 2003 John Crane EAA

Seal Family - A Elastomer Bellows Seals ( NonNon-Pusher Design) Examples:

For water water, oil oil, mild chemicals, sludges, slurries etc.

1A (to be replaced by USA Type 1) 2 (to be replaced by USA Type 2) 502 2100 5611

Green = PLM Preferred Product April 2003

.

Seal Family - B Elastomer OO-Ring Seals (Pusher Design) E amples Examples:

For water, oil and mild chemicals.

8-1 8B1 8-1T 8B1T 58U 58B 48LP/MP/HP 48XP 1648/2648/3648 5610/5620 FFET 5620USP

.

Seal Family - C PTFE Bellows Seals (Non(Non-Pusher Design) Examples: 10T 10R 20R For extremely corrosive duties.

.

Seal Family - D PTFE Wedge Seals (Pusher Design) Examples: 109 (9) 9T 59U For moderately corrosive chemicals, petroleum pet o eu a and d petrochemicals.

109B (9B) 9BT 59B .

Seal Family - E Formed Metal Bellows (Non(Non-Pusher Design) Examples: GL1B GL1H 515C For water,, mild chemicals, paper, stock, slurries, pulp and paper. paper

.

Seal Family - F Welded Metal Bellows (Non(Non-Pusher Design) Examples:

For high temperature, h h pressure, high petroleum, petrochemical and p light corrosives

604 60 606 2609 670 676 5615

EZ--1 EZ

1604 60 609 3609 1670 680 5625 .

Seal Family - G Non--contacting Seals (Gas lubricated) Non Examples:

For volatile fluids in chemical and petrochemical processes processes.

2800 2800HP 28SC 285

2800E 2800MB 280 0MB 28LD .

Mixer / Agitator / Reactor Seals Double Cartridge Seals

For top entry vessels

Examples: 151 153 157C 5280D/GD/W CK725/6 CK728D/GD/W 7700

Compressor Gas Seals Dry Running Gas Seals E Examples: l

Uses patented spiral groove technology to seal high speed, high pressure equipment such as compressors turbo compressors, expanders and turbines.

28AT 28BD 28XP 28EXP

3-Day Gen Open 112003 3a

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