Shipyard infrastructure Shipyard layout & equipment The shipbuilding process consists of fabricating raw material into ship parts and assembling them, along with purchased equipment and components to produce the finished product, namely the ship. All shipyards have the same basic processes. Shipyards should be close to and have access to the open sea, and road and/or rail system should be suitable for delivery of equipment, components and raw materials. Shipyards should also be located where there is adequate educated and trained people. At least one boundary should be adjacent to the water.
Fig: Typical layout of shipyard
Shipyards require the following attributes: Warehouses and raw material storage areas, shops to fabricate and assemble parts into subassemblies, assemblies and even outfitted blocks. Building berth and system of transferring ship to water - launchway, drydock, floating dock. Pier(s) to secure the ship after launch.
Dry dock/floating dock
Fig: Floating dock
A dry dock is a narrow basin or vessel that can be flooded to allow a load to be floated in, then drained to allow that load to come to rest on a dry platform. Dry docks are used for the construction, maintenance, and repair of ships, boats, and other watercraft.
Cranes A 'crane' is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist hoist,, wire ropes or chains or chains,, and sheaves sheaves,, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It is mainly used for lifting heavy things and transporting them to other places. It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal n ormal capability of a man. Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of freight, in the construction industry for the movement of materials and in the manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy of heavy equipment. equipment.
Fig: Boom crane
Fig: Gantry crane
Gantry cranes, bridge cranes cranes,, and overhead cranes, cranes, are all types of cranes which lift objects by a hoist which is fitted in a hoist trolley and can move horizontally on a rail or pair of rails fitted under a beam.
Transfer system Ship Transfer System is designed to transport ships between a shiplift or Floating dock and dry berth on land. The transfer system is a robust, easy-to-operate system that requires little maintenance. It can be submerged and stored outdoors without damage or adverse effects. The Rail Transfer System runs on rails and can move both in lateral and/or transverse directions. The transfer system will move the vessel on a fluid bed with full control over the forces to the hull and the wheel loads. The system consists of a number of transfer trolleys, each with lifting capacity up to 500 tons. There’re 2 kinds of transfer system as below; 1. Transfer system with Intermediate Traverser (Model : TIT type) TIT system consists of a number of Transfers and an Intermediate Traverser. Transfer has function of self-run by diesel engine and up and down by hydraulic, and a control system with wireless communication to control a series of Transfer synchronously. Intermediate Traverser has function of self-run by electric motor and chain push and pulling mechanism. mechanism. In this system, transfers run longitudinal and Traversers run cross way only
2. Transfer system with 90˚ Turning Bogie (Model : TTB type) TTB system consists of a number of Transfers which run longitudinal and cross way by way of diesel engine, up and down by hydraulic. The bogie of Transfer can turn to 90° in order to change moving direction.
Basic technical specification of two type transfer is as below; Static payload : 500 tons Axle load : 8 nos x 62.5 tons Engine : HMC D4BB / 5Hp Transfer speed : 5 / 8 m/min (load / no load) Control system
This control system can continuously monitor and display loadings, speed, turning direction and positioning of each transfer, and run synchronized all together under normal condition of all transfer, if a transfer run abnormal condition on loadings, speed, turning direction and positioning, the transfer will try to fit with other by itself, but when the result is out of allowable range, all transfer system will stop and warn emergency.
Shiplift
A shiplift enable your yard to launch end retrieve ships in a very time efficient and controlled manner. All winches are monitored by the control system and load cells to ensure load distribution within the design limits. By utilizing various type of hoist capacities and vary the spacing, total capacity, platform size, etc.
Fig: Shiplift
Lifting capacity : 18,000 18,000 tons tons Lifting speed : 550 mm/min Shiplift : 120m L x 34m W dimension Draft : 11 m Shiplift uses a Transfer System for ships so that the vessels can be transported from the water to a parking place where they can be painted or repaired. One shiplift can serve many parking places, while a dry docking installation can only dock one ship. It is important to synchronize the winches. It uses electrical control and drive systems for the winches.
Electric winches and wire ropes
Electric winches with tensile load max 200 tons will raise plat form in synchronizing by way of wire ropes. Winch
loading
capacity:
max
200tons/each
Control system
This control system can continuously monitor and display hoist loadings on main control monitor at real time by load cells
Slipway A slipway, boat slip or just a slip, is a ramp on the shore by which ships or boats can be moved to and from the water. They are used for building and repairing ships and boats. They are also used for launching and retrieving small boats on trailers and flying boats on their undercarriage. The nautical term “ways” is an alternative name for slipway. A ship undergoing construction in a shipyard is said to be on the ways. If a ship were scrapped there, she is said to be broken up in the ways. Nevertheless Nevertheless the words "slip" and "slipway" are also used for all dry-docking installations that use a ramp. As the word "slip" implies, in theory the ships or boats are moved over the ramp, standing on a sledge, with help of grease. Slipways are used to launch (newly built) large ships, but can only dry-dock or repair smaller ships. Pulling large ships against the greased ramp would require too much force. For dry-docking large ships, one must use carriages supported by wheels or by roller-
pallets. These types of dry- docking installations are called "marine railways".