ITSE4201 Machine Machine and Assembly Language –
8086 Programs Practical Appendix
1
Index Sno
Program
Page No
1
8-Bit addition using Immediate Addressing mode
7
2
8-Bit addition using Direct Addressing mode
8
3
8-Bit addition using Indirect Addressing mode
9
4
8-Bit subtraction using Immediate Addressing mode
10
5
8-Bit subtraction using Direct Addressing mode
11
6
8-Bit subtraction using Indirect Addressing mode
12
7
8-Bit multiplication using Immediate Addressing mode
13
8
8-Bit multiplication using Direct Addressing mode
14
9
8-Bit multiplication using Indirect Addressing mode
15
10
8-Bit division using Immediate Addressing mode
16
11
8-Bit division using Direct Addressing mode
17
12
8-Bit division using Indirect Addressing mode
18
13
16-Bit addition using Immediate Addressing mode
19
14
16-Bit addition using Direct Addressing mode
20
15
16-Bit addition using Indirect Addressing mode
21
16
16-Bit subtraction using Immediate Addressing mode
22
17
16-Bit subtraction using Direct Addressing mode
23
18
16-Bit subtraction using Indirect Addressing mode
24
19
16-Bit multiplication using Immediate Addressing mode
25
20
16-Bit multiplication using Direct Addressing mode
26
21
16-Bit multiplication using Indirect Addressing mode
27
22
16-Bit division using Immediate Addressing mode
28
23
16-Bit division using Direct Addressing mode
29
2
24
16-Bit division using Indirect Addressing mode
30
25
Addition of 8-Bit array elements
31
26
Check if the given value is positive, negative or zero
32
27
Addition of 8-Bit array elements
33
28
Addition of series 1 + 2 + 3 +…… + n (8(8- bit hexadecimal values)
34
29
Printing / Generating series on memory locations ( 0, 1, 2, 3 … UPTO N TERMS)
35
30
Printing / Generating series on memory locations ( 0, 2, 4, 6 … UPTO UPTO N TERMS)
36
31
Finding Largest value from array
37
32
Finding Smallest value from array
38
33
Block Move (Moving a block of data from one location to another)
39
3
Steps to execute an assembly program using EMU8086 Step 1: Select empty work space and type the program Step 2: Compile the program
Step 3: Run the program
4
Step 4: Observe the changes in the registers during program execution
Step 5: Observe the changes in the memory locations during program execution
5
Step 6: Observe the changes in the flag register during program execution
Step 7: Run till program halts and note the values in registers and memory locations
6
1.
8-Bit addition using Immediate Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AL, 05DH MOV BL, 0A3H ADD AL, BL HLT
Input is already hard coded in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
5D
AX
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
3A
BX
CX
DX
Output AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
Registers 00
Output
ZF
Flags
1
3A
SF
AF
PF
CF
1
1
1
7
2. 8-Bit addition using Direct Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AL, V1 MOV BL, V2 ADD AL, BL MOV V3, AL HLT V1 DB 05DH V2 DB 0A1H V3 DB 000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2 mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
5D
AX
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
A1
BX
CX
DX
Output AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
Registers FE
Output Flags
ZF
A1
SF
AF
PF
CF
1
8
3. 8-Bit addition using Indirect Addressing mode ORG 100H LEA SI, V1 LEA BX, V2 LEA DI, V3 MOV AL, [SI] MOV BL, [BX] ADD AL, BL MOV [DI], AL HLT V1 DB 05DH V2 DB 0A2H V3 DB 000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2 mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
5D
AX
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
BX
CX
DX ZF
AL
BH
DI
A1
Output AH
SI
BL
CH
CL
DH
SF
AF
PF
CF
DL
Registers
1 FE
A1
Output Memory
None
9
4. 8-Bit subtraction using Immediate Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AL, 0FDH MOV BL, 0A3H SUB AL, BL HLT
Input is already hard coded in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
FD
AX
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
A3
BX
CX
DX
Output AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
Registers 5A
Output Flags
ZF
3A
SF
AF
PF
CF
1
10
5. 8-Bit subtraction using Direct Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AL, V1 MOV BL, V2 SUB AL, BL MOV V3, AL HLT V1 DB 0EDH V2 DB 0A1H V3 DB 000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2 mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
ED
AX
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
A1
BX
CX
DX
Output AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
Registers 4C
Output
ZF
A1
SF
AF
PF
CF
Flags
11
6. 8-Bit subtraction using Indirect Addressing mode ORG 100H LEA SI, V1 LEA BX, V2 LEA DI, V3 MOV AL, [SI] MOV BL, [BX] SUB AL, BL MOV [DI], AL HLT V1 DB 0E4H V2 DB 0A2H V3 DB 000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2 mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
E4
AX
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
BX
CX
DX ZF
AL
BH
DI
A2
Output AH
SI
BL
CH
CL
DH
SF
AF
PF
CF
DL
Registers
1 42
A2
Output Memory
None
12
7. 8-Bit multiplication using Immediate Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AL, 011H MOV BL, 003H MUL BL HLT
Inputs are given using Immediate addressing mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
11
AX
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
BX
CX
DX ZF
AL
BH
DI
03
Output AH
SI
BL
CH
CL
DH
SF
AF
PF
CF
DL
Registers 33
03
Output Memory
None
13
8. 8-Bit multiplication using Direct Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AL, V1 MOV BL, V2 MUL BL MOV V3, AL HLT V1 DB 022H V2 DB 004H V3 DB 000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2, V3 mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
22
AX
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
BX
CX
DX ZF
AL
BH
DI
04
Output AH
SI
BL
CH
CL
DH
SF
AF
PF
CF
DL
Registers 88
04
Output Memory
None
14
9. 8-Bit multiplication using Indirect Addressing mode ORG 100H LEA SI, V1 LEA BX, V2 LEA DI, V3 MOV AL, [SI] MOV BL, [BX] MUL BL MOV [DI], AL HLT V1 DB 033H V2 DB 003H V3 DB 000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2, V3 mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
33
AX
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
BX
CX
DX ZF
AL
BH
DI
03
Output AH
SI
BL
CH
CL
DH
SF
AF
PF
CF
DL
Registers 99
03
Output Memory
None
15
10. 8-Bit division using Immediate Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AL, 00EH MOV BL, 003H DIV BL HLT
Inputs are given using immediate data mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
0E
AX
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
SI
DI
03
BX
CX
DX
ZF
SF
AF
PF
CF
Output AH
AL
02
04
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
Registers 03
AH remainder, AL Quotient
Output Memory
None
16
11. 8-Bit division using Direct Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AL, V1 MOV BL, V2 DIV BL MOV V3, AX HLT V1 DB 019H V2 DB 004H V3 DW 0000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2 data mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
19
AX
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
SI
DI
04
BX
CX
DX
ZF
SF
AF
PF
CF
Output AH
AL
01
06
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
Registers 04
AH remainder, AL Quotient
Output Memory
None
17
12. 8-Bit division using Indirect Addressing mode ORG 100H LEA SI, V1 LEA BX, V2 LEA DI, V3 MOV AL, [SI] MOV BL, [BX] DIV BL MOV [DI], AX HLT V1 DB 019H V2 DB 007H V3 DW 000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2 data mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
19
AX
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
SI
DI
07
BX
CX
DX
ZF
SF
AF
PF
CF
Output AH
AL
04
03
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
DL
Registers 07
AH remainder, AL Quotient
Output Memory
None
18
13. 16-Bit addition using Immediate Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AX, 0E15DH MOV BX, 017A3H ADD AX, BX HLT
Inputs are given using immediate data mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
BL
E1
15
17
A3
AX
BX
CH
CX
CL
DH
DL
ZF AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
00
17
SF
AF
PF
1
1
1
CF
DL
Registers F9
DI
DX
Output AH
SI
A3
Output Memory
None
19
14. 16-Bit addition using Direct Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AX, V1 MOV BX, V2 ADD AX, BX MOV V3, AX HLT V1 DW 04A5DH V2 DW 0A231H V3 DW 00000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2 mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
BL
4A
5D
A2
31
AX
BX
CH
CX
CL
DH
DL
ZF AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
SF
1 8E
A2
AF
PF
CF
DL
Registers EC
DI
DX
Output AH
SI
1
31
Output Memory
None
20
15. 16-Bit addition using Indirect Addressing mode ORG 100H LEA SI, V1 LEA BX, V2 LEA DI, V3 MOV AX, [SI] MOV BX, [BX] ADD AX, BX MOV [DI], AX HLT V1 DW 0EEEEH V2 DW 01111H V3 DW 00000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2 mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
BL
EE
EE
11
11
AX
BX
CH
CX
CL
DH
DL
ZF AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
SF
1 FF
11
AF
PF
CF
DL
Registers FF
DI
DX
Output AH
SI
1
11
Output Memory
None
21
16. 16-Bit subtraction using Immediate Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AX, 0E15DH MOV BX, 017A3H SUB AX, BX HLT
Inputs are given using immediate data mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
BL
E1
5D
17
A3
AX
BX
CH
CX
CL
DH
DL
ZF AL
BH
BL
CH
DI
DX
Output AH
SI
CL
DH
SF
AF
PF
CF
DL
Registers
1 C9
BA
17
A3
Output Memory
None
22
17. 16-Bit subtraction using Direct Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AX, V1 MOV BX, V2 SUB AX, BX MOV V3, AX HLT V1 DW 04A5DH V2 DW 0A231H V3 DW 00000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2 mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
BL
4A
5D
A2
31
AX
BX
CH
CX
CL
DH
DL
ZF AL
BH
BL
CH
DI
DX
Output AH
SI
CL
DH
SF
AF
PF
CF
DL
Registers
1 A8
2C
A2
31
Output Memory
None
23
18. 16-Bit subtraction using Indirect Addressing mode ORG 100H LEA SI, V1 LEA BX, V2 LEA DI, V3 MOV AX, [SI] MOV BX, [BX] SUB AX, BX MOV [DI], AX HLT V1 DW 0EEEEH V2 DW 01111H V3 DW 00000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2 mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
BL
EE
EE
11
11
AX
BX
CH
CX
CL
DH
DL
ZF AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
SF
1 DD
11
AF
PF
CF
DL
Registers DD
DI
DX
Output AH
SI
1
11
Output Memory
None
24
19. 16-Bit multiplication using Immediate Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AX, 0FFFFH MOV BX, 0FFFFH MUL BX HLT
Inputs are given using immediate data mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
BL
FF
FF
FF
FF
AX
BX
CH
CL
CX
DH
DX
DL
ZF
SI
SF
DI
AF
PF
CF
Output AH
AL
BH
BL
00
01
FF
FF
CH
CL
DH
DL
FF
FE
1
Registers DX, AX carries the result
Output Memory
None
25
20. 16-Bit multiplication using Direct Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AX, V1 MOV BX, V2 MUL BX MOV V3, DX MOV V4, AX HLT V1 DW 0EEEEH V2 DW 0EEEEH V3 DW 00000H V4 DW 00000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2 mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
BL
EE
EE
EE
EE
AX
BX
CH
CX
CL
DH
DX
DL
ZF
SI
SF
DI
AF
PF
CF
Output AH
AL
BH
BL
65
44
EE
EE
CH
CL
DH
DL
DE
FF
1
Registers DX, AX carries the result
Output Memory
None
26
21. 16-Bit multiplication using Indirect Addressing mode ORG 100H LEA SI, V1 LEA BX, V2 LEA DI, V3 MOV AX, [SI] MOV BX, [BX] MUL BX MOV [DI], DX INC DI INC DI MOV [DI], AX HLT V1 DW 0EEFFH V2 DW 0EEFFH V3 DW DUP(0) Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2 mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
BL
EE
FF
EE
FF
AX
BX
CH
CX
CL
DH
DX
DL
ZF
SI
SF
DI
AF
PF
CF
Output AH
AL
BH
BL
22
01
EE
FF
CH
CL
DH
DL
DF
1F
1
Registers DX, AX carries the result
Output Memory
None
27
22. 16-Bit division using Immediate Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AX, 0FFFFH MOV BX, 00009H DIV BX HLT
Inputs are given using immediate values mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
BL
FF
FF
00
09
AX
BX
CH
CX
CL
DH
DX
DL
ZF
SI
SF
DI
AF
PF
CF
Output AH
AL
BH
BL
1C
71
00
09
CH
CL
DH
DL
00
06
Registers DX, AX carries the result
Output Memory
None
28
23. 16-Bit division using Direct Addressing mode ORG 100H MOV AX, V1 MOV BX, V2 DIV BX MOV V3, AX MOV V4, DX HLT V1 DW 0EEEEH V2 DW 00009H V3 DW 00000H V4 DW 00000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2 mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
BL
EE
EE
00
09
AX
BX
CH
CX
CL
DH
DX
DL
ZF
SI
SF
DI
AF
PF
CF
Output AH
AL
BH
BL
1A
8C
00
09
CH
CL
DH
DL
00
02
Registers DX, AX carries the result
Output Memory
None
29
24. 16-Bit division using Indirect Addressing mode ORG 100H LEA SI, V1 LEA BX, V2 MOV DI, V3 MOV AX, [SI] MOV BX, [BX] DIV BX MOV [DI], DX INC DI MOV [DI], AX HLT V1 DW 0FEEFH V2 DW 00008H V3 DW 05000H
Inputs are given using vectors V1, V2 mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
BL
FE
EF
00
08
AX
BX
CH
CL
DH
DL
SI
DI
5000
CX
DX
ZF
SF
AF
PF
CF
Output AH
AL
BH
BL
1F
DD
00
08
CH
CL
DH
DL
00
07
Registers
Output Memory
4FFF
DX, AX carries the result
5000
5001
5002
07
DD
1F
5003
30
25. Addition of 8-Bit array elements. ORG 100H MOV CX, 05H MOV AX, 00000H MOV BX, 00000H MOV DI, 06000H NEXT: ADD AL, ARRAY[BX] JC CARRY LOOP NEXT CARRY: INC AH LOOP NEXT MOV [DI], AX HLT ARRAY DB 0FFH, 0FFH, 0FFH, 0FFH, 0FFH Inputs are given using vectors array mentioned in the program. AX
BX
CX
DX
Input AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
00
00
00
00
00
05
AX
BX
CX
DH
DL
DX ZF
AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
SF
PF
CF
1 04
Memory
AF
DL
Registers
Output
DI
6000
Output AH
SI
FB
00
00
00
5FFF
00
6000
6001
04
FD
6002
6003
….
31
26. Check if the given value is positive, negative or zero ORG 100H MOV AH, 011H
; IF AH IS 11H THEN WE ASSUME POSITIVE
MOV AL, VALUE CMP AL, 000H JZ ZERO ROL AL, 001H JC NEGETIVE JMP STOP ZERO: MOV AH, 00H
; IF AH IS 00H THEN WE ASSUME ZERO
JMP STOP NEGETIVE: MOV AH, 0FFH
; IF AH IS FFH THEN WE ASSUME NEGETIVE
JMP STOP STOP: HLT VALUE DB 84H Inputs are given using vector “VALUE” mentioned in the program. AX
Input
BX
AH
AL
11
84
AX
CX
BH
BX
BL
CH
CX
DX CL
DH
DL
ZF AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
SF
AF
PF
CF
1
1
DL
Registers
1 FF
DI
DX
Output AH
SI
09
Output None Memory
32
27. Addition of 8-Bit array elements. ORG 100H MOV CX, 05H MOV AX, 00H MOV BX, 04000H MOV DI, 05500H NEXT: ADD AL, [BX] JC CARRY INC BX LOOP NEXT JMP STOP CARRY: INC AH INC BX LOOP NEXT STOP: MOV [DI], AX HLT Inputs are given using to specified memory locations mentioned in the program. AX
Input
BX
CX
DX
AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
00
00
40
00
00
05
AX
BX
CX
DH
DL
SI
5500
DX ZF
Output
AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
DI
CL
DH
SF
AF
3D
Memory
1
1
05
Input Memory
Input / Output
40
CF
DL
Registers 03
PF
Output Memory
4000
4001
4002
4003
4004
AA
91
69
FC
9D
….
54FF
5500
5501
3D
03
5502
5503
….
33
28. Addition of series 1 + 2 + 3 +…… + n (8- bit hexadecimal values) ORG 100H MOV AX, 0000H MOV CX, 000FH MOV BX, 1111H AGAIN: ADD AX, CX LOOP AGAIN MOV [BX], AX HLT
Inputs are given using to specified register 5 terms locations mentioned in the program. AX
Input
BX
DX
AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
00
00
11
11
00
0F
AX
Output
CX
BX
CX
DH
DL
SI
DX ZF
AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
DI
CL
DH
SF
AF
Input / Output Memory
78
11
11
00
CF
1
1
DL
Registers 00
PF
00
Output Memory
Input Memory
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
….
none 78
34
29. Printing / Generating series on memory locations ( 0, 1, 2, 3 … N) ORG 100H MOV AX, 0000H MOV CX, 0009H MOV BX, 1111H
; STARTING LOCATION TO PRINT SERIES
AGAIN: MOV [BX], AX INC AX INC BX LOOP AGAIN HLT
Inputs are given using to specified r egister 9 terms locations mentioned in the program. AX
Input
BX
DX
AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
00
00
11
11
00
09
AX
Output
CX
BX
CX
DH
DL
SI
DI
DX ZF
AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
00
09
11
1A
00
00
DH
SF
AF
PF
CF
DL
Registers
Input / Output Memory
Output Memory
Input Memory
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
none
35
30. Printing / Generating series on memory locations ( 0, 2, 4, 6 … UPTO N TERMS)
ORG 100H MOV AX, 0000H MOV CX, 0009H MOV BX, 1111H
; STARTING LOCATION TO PRINT SERIES
AGAIN: MOV [BX], AX INC AX INC AX INC BX LOOP AGAIN HLT
Inputs are given using to specified register 9 terms locations mentioned in the program. AX
Input
BX
DX
AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
00
00
11
11
00
09
AX
Output
CX
BX
CX
DH
DL
SI
DI
DX ZF
AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
00
09
11
1A
00
00
DH
SF
AF
PF
CF
DL
Registers
Input / Output Memory
Output Memory
Input Memory
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
00
02
04
06
08
0A
0C
0E
10
none
36
31. Finding Largest value from array ORG 100H MOV CX, 00009H MOV SI, 02000H MOV DI, 03000H MOV AL, 00H LOOP:
CMP AL, [SI] JC SWAP INC SI DEC CX JNZ LOOP JMP STOP
SWAP:
MOV AL, [SI] INC SI DEC CX JNZ LOOP
STOP:
MOV [DI], AL HLT
Inputs are given using to SI register 10 terms locations mentioned in the program. AX
Input
AH
BX AL
BH
CX BL
00
AX
BX
DX
CH
CL
00
09
CX
DH
DL
SI
DI
2000
3000
DX ZF
Output
AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
1 09
00
PF
CF
1
00
Input Memory
Input /
Memory
AF
DL
Registers
Output
SF
Output Memory
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
21
02
AE
06
08
AA
BC
9E
9D
2FFF
3000
3001
BC
37
32. Finding Smallest value from array ORG 100H MOV CX, 0000AH MOV SI, 02000H MOV DI, 03000H MOV AL, 0FFH LOOP:
; ASSUMING THE SMALLEST IS ‘FFH’
CMP AL, [SI] JNC SWAP
; THIS INSTRUCTION IS THE ONLY DIFFERENCE
INC SI DEC CX JNZ LOOP JMP STOP SWAP:
MOV AL, [SI] INC SI DEC CX JNZ LOOP
STOP:
MOV [DI], AL HLT
Inputs are given using to SI register 10 terms locations mentioned in the program. AX
Input
AH
BX AL
BH
CX BL
00
AX
BX
DX
CH
CL
00
09
CX
DH
DL
SI
DI
2000
3000
DX ZF
Output
AH
AL
BH
BL
CH
CL
DH
1 09
00
PF
CF
1
00
Input Memory
Input /
Memory
AF
DL
Registers
Output
SF
Output Memory
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
21
02
AE
06
08
AA
BC
9E
9D
2FFF
3000
3001
02
38
