ABSTRACT This is the design and implementation implementation of a re alarm alarm / smoke detector detector with water sprinkler. sprinkler. This system was design to automatically detect re or smoke and triggers the alarm and the water sprinkler if not reset by the user. user. The design makes makes use of a microcontroller microcontroller AT89s52 AT89s52 to control control the outputs when it receiers input from the transducers. This design can be used in di!erent di!erent areas like like the hospitals" school enironment enironment and in banks etc.
INTRODUCTION
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This is the design and construction of a microcontroller based re alarm system with smoke and heat detection using some sensitie electronic transducers as the deice sensor and other components which made up the circuit. This design is gotten from the design and construction emergency light system which is aimed to secure the homes from re" power failure and other disruptie situation. The system is a microcontroller based design which its main core controller makes use of a microcontroller AT89s52 to trigger the alarm unit and water sprinkler to $uench re. This deice is an actie deice which keeps eery part of the rooms in check for re outbreak in the home and its enironment. %rom many time has di!erent homes and industries su!er re outbreak in companies" industries" homes and some other place where re security is needed. &roperties are now e'pensie that owners protect them from many problems lie re outbreaks" theft wired intruder alarms system are used" rusting for metals and other destructie deices. %ire alarm system is also called re emergency light system where it takes care of re outbreaks in homes and other desired place where it is needed to controller home and o(ce residential through some electrical sensor like the thermistors and the light dependent resistor for smoke detection and operation. )ystem actiations and controls are also needed to e'ecute this operation as it helps to alerts the people in charger of what is about to happen through smoke rising and blocking the smoke sensors *+,- and the ldr derie alerting the microcontroller by sending a #/ message to the 2
microcontroller which triggers the alarm system and stops when reset. This concept was used as a result of many references gotten from other e'isted designs we encounter during our research work. The performance of this proect in arious ways made it possible to hae a high recommendation ia homes" industries and any other re$uired place where the installation of this deice is needed to perform its operation" many companies who has su!ered under this ha3ardous condition has carried out for such a deice to reach them at a high recommendation
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION BLOCK DIAGRAM
%ire sensor # &ower supply
Alarm unit
)moke sensor# 1ater sprinkler
0icrocontroller unit
-eset butn
4
Defnition o important terms This list the arious terms use in this report" the components inoled and the way they worked to help in the deelopment of this proect. Terms described and listed like #. 6oltage -egulation 2. &ower supply 4. 0icrocontroller unit 7. The alarm unit 5. +ight mitting ,iode . Transistors :. -esistors 8. +ight dependent resistor 9. Thermistor This materials are also described in details of there working principals and connection which aids to the design and construction of this proect
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF TE DESIGN 7
$2
(1
!80"
12V 1
VI
VO
3
D N '
C2
2
100&
10.00 +tc
RT1
R3
PTC_NICKEL
1k
RV1
$1 R1
% 6 3
*1
8 ! 6 " 4 3 2 1
(D131 1k 10k
R4
31 30 29
1k
P1.! P1.6 P1." P1.4 P1.3 P1.2 P1.1T2EX P1.0T2
R2
*2 (D131
% 0
1k
RST
18
X1
XTAL1
10k CR%STAL
R6
1! 16 1" 14 13 12 11 10
1k
($)1
($))ER
28 2! 26 2" 24 23 22 21
C1 10&
32 33 34 3" 36 3! 38 39
R9 R10 R11 1k
RL1
1k
R8
*3 2N3904
1k
AT89C"2
TORCH_LDR
2
P0.!AD! P0.6AD6 P0."AD" P0.4AD4 P0.3AD3 P0.2AD2 P0.1AD1 P0.0AD0
XTAL2
19 1
P2.!A1" P2.6A14 P2."A13 P2.4A12 P2.3A11 P2.2A10 P2.1A9 P2.0A8
EA ALE PSEN
9
RV2
P3.!RD P3.6#R P3."T1 P3.4T0 P3.3INT1 P3.2INT0 P3.1TXD P3.0RXD
1k
R"
R! 220
10k
*4 D1 LED,RED
LDR1 2N3904 12V
PROGRAM FLO!CART
5
Alarm = pump = >oto start
)tart
-ead . ; .#
or" ###$ a%arm e&' p()# Alarm = # &ump = #
1ait for reset
$eat e&'
p*)#
)top
smo+e e&' p*)* rst e&' p()* re%a, e&' p#)start. set/ $eat 0%r re%a, set/ smo+e 0%r a%arm $ere. 1n/ smo+e2 /'33 1n/ $eat 2/'33 s1mp $ere
/'33. a0a%% 0%o0+ 1n/ rst2start set/ re%a, s1mp /'33
0%o0+. set/ a%arm a0a%% 4e%a, 0%r a%arm a0a%% 4e%a, ret 4e%a,. mo5 r#26(-mo5 r*26*## mo5 r(26*# %oop. 41n3 r#2%oop
:
41n3 r*2%oop 41n3 r(2%oop ret7 en4
PSEUDOCODE A. ?. . ,. . %.
)T? . A@, .#" +- A+A-0 A@, &B0& -+AC 0D@>- TE A+A-0 <% A+A-0 <) T-<>>- &B0& 1AT1ADTD TD ?><@
TEST AND OBSER8ATION S,stem Test 1hen the circuit is powered through a #2olts battery supply" the point reads 3ero at initial a reset on the reset button is pressed to initiali3e the whole circuit then it will start its normal operation. 1hen the sensors are all ready to work the light emitting diode is powered to illuminate the light dependent resistor which sense the smoke when it passes across the ldr surface and cast a shadow upon the plate of the ldr to send a signal in #s and s to the transistor derie which carries this information to the microcontroller for processing and command e'ecution and display the room which is inoled in the re. The same is to the re sensor when it receies heat from re or the radiation of that re and sends the signal to it drier which message the microcontroller for it to send or e'ecute assignment.
Ot$er Tests
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%or capacitors the ,00 was switched to the 22uf range and the capacitors were inserted into the slot proided for it by the meter. %inally the output oltages were tested using an e'ternal load input for oltage output test.
BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENT AND E8ALUTION To carry out this proect" some things were put into consideration. Among those things" the cost of components used for the construction was the priority. The table below shows the components that are used in the proect construction" the $uantity and also the price of those components.
)/@
D0&D@@T
6A+B
GBA@T
B@
?B+F
&-<
&-<
#
?ATT-C
96 #amp
#
8
8
2
A&A
7:Bf25
4
#2
4
8CA-,)
8
#
5
5
5
A?+ D@@TD-
A)<@>
?uilding
:
+A,
Dne row
4
95
8
)D+,-<@>
#
:
:
<-D@ 9
T-A@)&D-T A@,
4
A--C) @T &-< #
#26 , water
25w #26,
#
4
4
pump TDTA+
#4"5
CONCLUSION 9
The re alarm system with smoke detector is a kind to system to be concentrate on" because of the e!ects of re outbreak in homes and in our arious places of inolements re alarm system with smoke detector is need in the following places
REFRENCES
a. Dona%4 G) Fin+ an4 ) !a,ne Beat,2 )tandard Eandbook for the lectrical ngineers" leenth dition" 0c>rawHEill" @ew Cork" #9:8. b. E%e0troni0s De5i0e an4 Cir0'it T$eor,2 ?oyletad +. -obert and @ashelsky +ouic" )eenth edition" #999" &rentice Eallo" @ew Iersey. c. ABB 9(##:; 0anual on +oad Transfer # JA Te
dition" &p :H &p 8" &p 55 K &p 58" &p #7 K&p 22. . Atmel orporation ,ata )heet on AT895#" 285,H?H#2/9: : @T lectronics ,ata ?ook" Ianuary 22" #th dition. 8. >iorgio -i33oni" &rinciples of lectrical ngineering" 24" 4rd dition" 9. -onald .I Tocci" ,igital )ystems" Arentice K Eall.
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