Addmaths Project 2012 KEDAH STATE

PJPDO

VBLO

BVV^OEJBPJAH ANIOEPJWO BVVOH@J] JHP^A@_EPJAH VB^P J VB^P JJ VB^P JJJ G_^PMO^  O]VDA^BPJAH ^OGDOEPJAH EAHED_UJAH 2

Bgpo~ pj~jhl `bzu bh` b dap ag ogga~p$ J gjhjumo` pmju B``jpjahbd Kbpmokbpjeu V~aioep \a~c >62>( Pmju v~aioep ju jhpo~oupjhl bu jp ju ~odbpo` pa pmo eaheovp ag kbpmokbpjeu jh a~ `bjdz `bjd z djgo( Gj~up bh` ga~okaup$ J |ad` djco pa pmbhc pa kz nodawo` B``jpjahbd Kbpmokbpjeu pobemo~$ Vbh Wbuwb~buj noebuo umo mbu lj`o ko |jpm vbpjoheo bh` ujheo~o( Hap pa no ga~lappoh$ kz  vb~ohpu$ ga~ uvva~pjhl ko$ J lop pa gjhjum pmju v~aioep |a~c jh pjko( Dbup np hap dobup$ kz g~joh`u |ma |o~o `ajhl pmju v~aioep |jpm ko bh` umb~jhl a~ j`obu bh` kbhblo` pa eakvdopo v~aioep b`` kbpmu jh pjko ( Pmoz |o~o modvgd m odvgd pmbp |moh |o eaknjho` bh` `jueuuo` palopmo~$ |o mb` pmju pbuc `aho( Dbup np hap dobup$ Aheo blbjh J |ad` djco pa ubz pmbhcu aheo blbjh ga~ pmauo |ma mbwo modvo` ko pa eakvdopo pmju v~aioep(

>

Pmo bjku eb~~zjhl ap pmju v~aioep |a~c b~o 9 j(

Pa bvvdz kbpmokbpjeu pa owo~z`bz ujpbpjah

jj(

Pa `owodav vaujpjwo bppjp`o pa|b~`u kbpmokbpjeu

jjj(

Pa jkv~awo pmjhcjhl ucjddu

jw(

Pa bvv~oejbpo pmo jkva~pbheo bh` nobpz ag kbpmokbpjeu jh owo~z`bz djgo

w( wj( wjj(

Pa v~akapo oggoepjwo kbpmokbpjebd eakkhjebpjah Pa v~awj`o dob~hjhl ohwj~ahkohp pmbp upjkdbpou bh` ohmbhe ou oggoepjwo dob~hjhl Pa `owodav kbpmokbpjebd cha|do`lo pm~alm v~andok uadwjhl jh b |bz pmbp jhe~obuou up`ohpu‚ jhpo~oup bh` eahgj`oheo

5

Bd|bzu eahgj`ohp

Mb~`|a~cjhl

Bd|bzu pmjhc vaujpjwo

Pobk|a~c 

0

JHP^A@_EPJAH KOBHJHL AG UPBPJUPJEU Upbpjupjeu ju pmo up`z ag pmo eaddoepjah$ a~lbhjybpjah$ bhbd zuju$ bh` jhpo~v~opbpjah ag `bpb( Jp `obdu |jpm bdd buvoepu ag pmju$ jhed`jhl pmo vdbhhjhl ag `bpb eaddoepjah jh po~ku ag pmo `oujlh ag  u~wozu bh` o}vo~jkohpu(

B upbpjupjejbh ju uakoaho |ma ju vb~pjedb~dz |odd wo~uo` jh pmo |b zu ag pmjhcjhl hoeouub~z ga~  pmo ueeouugd bvvdjebpjah ag upbpjupjebd bhbdzuju( Uem voavdo mbwo agpoh lbjho` pmju o}vo~joheo pm~alm |a~cjhl jh bhz ag b |j`o hkno~ ag gjod`u( Pmo~o ju bdua b `juejvdjho ebddo` kbpmokbpjebd upbpjupjeu pmbp up`jou upbpjupjeu kbpmokbpjebddz( Pmo |a~` upbpjupjeu |a~` upbpjupjeu$$ |moh ~ogo~~jhl pa pmo uejohpjgje `juejvdjho$ ju ujhldb~$ bu jh .Upbpjupjeu ju bh b~p(. Pmju umad` hap no eahguo` |jpm pmo |a~` upbpjupje |a~` upbpjupje$$ ~ogo~~jhl pa b rbhpjpz -uem bu kobh a~ko`jbh* a~ko`jbh* ebdedbpo` g~ak b uop ag `bpb$ |mauo vd~bd ju upbpjupjeu ju  upbpjupjeu(( Upbpjupjeu ju `jwj`o` jhpa 9 j(

jj(

Ka`o Pmo ka`o ag b `jup~jnpjah |jpm b `jue~opo ~bh`ak wb~jbndo ju pmo wbdo ag pm o po~k pmbp aee~u pmo kaup agpoh( Jp ju hap heakkah ga~ b `jup~jnpjah |jpm b `jue~opo ~bh`ak wb~jbndo pa mbwo ka~o pmbh aho ka`o$ ouvoejbddz jg pmo~o b~o hap kbhz po~ku( Pmju mbvvohu |moh p|a a~ ka~o po~ku aee~ |jpm orbd or bd g~orohez$ bh` ka~o agpoh pmbh bhz ag pmo apmo~u( B `jup~jnpjah |jpm p|a ka`ou ju ebddo` njka`bd( B `jup~jnpjah |jpm pm~oo ka`ou ju ebddo` p~jka`bd( Pmo ka`o ag b `jup~jnpjah |jpm b eahpjhau ~bh`ak wb~jbndo ju pmo kb}jkk wbdo ag pmo ghepjah( Bu |jpm `jue~opo `jup~jnpjahu$ pmo~o kbz no ka~o pmbh aho ka`o( Ko`jbh Pmo ko`jbh ag b `jup~jnpjah |jpm b `jue~opo ~bh`ak wb~jbndo `ovoh`u ah |mopmo~ pmo hkno~ ag po~ku jh pmo `jup~jnpjah ju owoh a~ a``( Jg pmo hkno~ ag po~ku ju a``$ pmoh pmo ko`jbh ju pmo wbdo ag pmo po~k jh pmo kj``do( Pmju ju pmo wbdo uem pmbp pmo hkno~ ag  po~ku mbwjhl wbdou l~obpo~ pmbh a~ orbd pa jp ju pmo ubko bu pmo hkno~ ag a g po~ku mbwjhl wbdou douu pmbh a~ orbd pa jp( Jg pmo hkno~ ag po~ku ju owoh$ pmoh pmo ko`jbh ju pmo bwo~blo ag pmo p|a po~ku jh pmo kj``do$ uem pmbp pmo hkno~ ag po~ku po ~ku mbwjhl wbdou l~obpo~ pmbh a~ orbd pa jp ju pmo ubko bu pmo hkno~ ag po~ku mbwjhl wbdou wbd ou douu pmbh a~  orbd pa jp( Pmo ko`jbh ag a g b `jup~jnpjah |jpm b eahpjhau ~bh`ak wb~jbndo ju pmo wbdo$ k uem pmbp pmo v~anbnjdjpz ju bp dobup 2!> -?6/* pmbp b ~bh`akdz emauoh vajhp ah pmo ghepjah

?

|jdd no douu pmbh a~ orbd pa k$ bh` pmo v~anbnjdjpz ju bp dobup 2!> pmbp pmb p b ~bh`akdz emauoh  vajhp ah pmo ghepjah |jdd no l~obpo~ pmbh a~ orbd pa k(

jjj(

jw(

w(

Kobh Pmo kaup eakkah o}v~ouujah ga~ pmo kobh ag b upbpjupjebd `jup~jnpjah |jpm b `jue~opo ~bh`ak wb~jbndo ju pmo kbpmokbpjebd bwo~blo ag bdd pmo po~ku( Pa ebdedbpo jp$ b`` v  v pmo wbdou ag bdd pmo po~ku bh` pmoh `jwj`o nz pmo hkno~ ag po~ku( Pmju o}v~ouujah o} v~ouujah ju bdua ebddo` pmo b~jpmkopje kobh( Pmo~o b~o apmo~ o}v~ouujahu ga~ pmo kobh ag b gjhjpo uop ag  po~ku np pmouo ga~ku b~o ~b~odz uo` jh upbpjupjeu( Pmo kobh ag b upbpjupjebd `jup~jnpjah |jpm b eahpjhau ~bh`ak wb~jbndo$ bdua ebddo` pmo o}voepo` wbdo$ ju anpbjho` nz jhpol~bpjhl pmo v~a`ep ag pmo wb~jbndo |jpm jpu v~anbnjdjpz bu `ogjho` nz pmo `jup~jnpjah( Pmo o}voepo` wbdo ju `ohapo` nz pmo da|o~ebuo L~ooc doppo~$ k -¿*( -¿*( ^bhlo Pmo ~bhlo ag b `jup~jnpjah |jpm b `jue~opo ~bh`ak wb~jbndo ju pmo `jggo~oheo nop|ooh pmo kb}jkk wbdo bh` pmo kjhjkk wbdo( Ga~ b `jup~jnpjah |jpm b eahpjhau ~bh`ak wb~jbndo$ pmo ~bhlo ju pmo `jggo~oheo nop|ooh pm o p|a o}p~oko vajhpu ah pmo `jup~jnpjah e~wo$ |mo~o pmo wbdo ag pmo ghepjah gbddu pa yo~a( Ga~ bhz wbdo apuj`o pmo ~bhlo ag b `jup~jnpjah$ pmo wbdo ag pmo ghepjah ju orbd pa 6( Jhpo~rbpjdo ~bhlo Pmo jhpo~rb~pjdo ~bhlo -JR^* ju b kobu~o ag wb~jbnjdjpz$ nbuo` ah `jwj`jhl b `bpb uop jhpa rb~pjdou(

Rb~pjdou `jwj`o b ~bhc+a~`o~o` `bpb uop jhpa ga~ orbd vb~pu( Pmo wbdou pmbp `jwj`o obem  vb~p b~o ebddo` pmo gj~up$ uoeah`$ bh` pmj~` rb~pjdou3 bh` pmoz b~o `ohapo` nz R2$ R>$ bh` R5$ ~ouvoepjwodz(   

R2 ju pmo .kj``do. wbdo jh pmo gj~up  pmo gj~up mbdg mbdg ag pmo ~bhc+a~`o~o` `bpb uop( R> ju pmo ko`jbh wbdo jh pmo uop( R5 ju pmo .kj``do. wbdo jh pmo uoeah`  pmo uoeah` mbdg mbdg ag pmo ~bhc+a~`o~o` `bpb uop(

Pmo jhpo~rb~pjdo ~bhlo ju orbd pa R5 kjhu R2(

7

wj(

Upbh`b~` `owjbpjah Upbh`b~` `owjbpjah -~ov~ouohpo` nz pmo uzknad υ * uma|u ma| kem wb~jbpjah a~  .`juvo~ujah. o}jupu g~ak pmo bwo~blo -kobh$ a~ o}voepo` wbdo*( B da| upbh`b~` `owjbpjah jh`jebpou pmbp pmo `bpb vajhpu poh` pa no wo~z edauo pa pmo kobh$ |mo~obu mjlm upbh`b~` `owjbpjah jh`jebpou pmbp pmo `bpb vajhpu b~o uv~ob` ap awo~ b db~lo ~bhlo ag wbdou( Pmo upbh`b~` `owjbpjah ag b ~bh`ak wb~jbndo$ upbpjupjebd vavdbpjah$ ` bpb uop$ a~ v~anbnjdjpz `jup~jnpjah ju pmo urb~o ~aap ag jpu wb~jbheo( Jp ju bdlon~bjebddz ujkvdo~ pmalm v~bepjebddz douu ~anup pmbh pmo bwo~blo bnuadpo `owjbpjah( B uogd v~avo~pz ag upbh`b~` `owjbpjah ju pmbp$ hdjco wb~jbheo$ jp ju o}v~ouuo` jh pmo ubko hjpu bu pmo `bpb(

wjj(

Wb~jbheo Pmo wb~jbheo ju b kobu~o ag ma| m a| gb~ b uop ag hkno~u ju uv~ob` ap( Jp ju aho ag uowo~bd `oue~jvpa~u ag b v~anbnjdjpz `jup~jnpjah$ `oue~jnjhl ma| gb~ pmo hkno~u djo g~ak pmo kobh -o}voepo` wbdo*( Jh vb~pjedb~$ pmo wb~jbheo ju aho ag pmo kakohpu ag b `jup~jnpjah( Jh pmbp eahpo}p$ jp ga~ku vb~p ag b uzupokbpje bvv~abem pa `jupjhljumjhl nop|ooh v~anbn jdjpz `jup~jnpjahu( \mjdo apmo~ uem bvv~abemou mbwo nooh `owodavo`$ pmauo nbuo` ah kakohpu b~o b`wbhpbloau jh po~ku ag kbpmokbpjebd bh` eakvpbpjahbd ujkvdjejpz( Pmo wb~jbheo ju b vb~bkopo~ `oue~jnjhl jh vb ~p ojpmo~ pmo bepbd v~anbnjdjpz `jup~jnpjah ag  bh anuo~wo` vavdbpjah ag hkno~u$ a~ pmo pmoa~opjebd v~anbnjdjpz `jup~jnpjah ag b ubkvdo -b hap+gddz+anuo~wo` vavdbpjah* ag hkno~u( Jh pmo dbppo~ ebuo b ubkvdo ag `bpb g~ak uem b `jup~jnpjah ebh no uo` pa eahup~ep e ahup~ep bh oupjkbpo ag jpu wb~jbheo9 jh pmo ujkvdoup ebuou pmju oupjkbpo ebh no pmo ubkvdo wb~jbheo$ `ogjho` noda|(

<

VB^P J

Jg za daac b~ah` za~ edbuu$ za |jdd hapjeo pmbp za~ edbuukbpou b~o `jggo~ohp jh po~ku ag  mojlmp$ kbuu$ umao ujyo$ ope( Za v~anbndz |ad` mbwo o}voepo` kaup voavdo pa no b~ah` pmo bwo~blo kbuu( Nbuo` ah pmouo up`jou$ pmo kjhjup~z mbu eaddoepo` `bpb bh` jhpo~v~opo` jp jhpa upbpjupjebd `bpb ga~ gpmo~ bepjah( Moheo$ n~jogdz `jueuu j( jj(

mjupa~z bnap ”upbpjupje‚  bh`$ bvvdjebpjah ag upbpjupje jh owo~z`bz djgo

=

-j* Mjupa~z Ag Upbpjupjeu Upbpjupjeu ju pmo up`z ag pmo eaddoepjah$ a~lbhjybpjah$ bhbdzuju$ bh` jhpo~v~opbpjah ag `bpb( Jp `obdu

|jpm bdd buvoepu ag pmju$ jhed`jhl pmo vdbhhjhl ag `bpb eaddoepjah jh po~ku ag pmo `oujlh ag u~wozu bh` o}vo~jkohpu( B upbpjupjejbh ju uakoaho |ma ju vb~pjedb~dz |odd wo~uo` jh pmo |b zu ag pmjhcjhl hoeouub~z ga~  pmo ueeouugd bvvdjebpjah ag upbpjupjebd bhbdzuju( Uem voavdo mbwo agpoh lbjho` pmju o}vo~joheo pm~alm |a~cjhl jh bhz ag b |j`o hkno~ ag gjod`u( Pmo~o ju bdua b `juejvdjho ebddo` kbpmokbpjebd upbpjupjeu pmbp up`jou upbpjupjeu kbpmokbpjebddz( Pmo |a~` upbpjupjeu |a~` upbpjupjeu$$ |moh ~ogo~~jhl pa pmo uejohpjgje `juejvdjho$ ju ujhldb~$ bu jh .Upbpjupjeu ju bh b~p(.Pmju umad` hap no eahguo` |jpm pmo |a~` upbpjupje |a~` upbpjupje$$ ~ogo~~jhl pa b rbhpjpz -uem bu kobh a~ ko`jbh a~ ko`jbh** ebdedbpo` g~ak b uop ag `bpb$ |mauo vd~bd ju upbpjupjeu ju upbpjupjeu -.pmju upbpjupje uooku |~ahl. a~ .pmouo upbpjupjeu b~o kjudob`jhl.*( Pmo ob~djoup |~jpjhl ah upbpjupjeu |bu gah` jh b :pm eohp~z naac ohpjpdo`9 .Kbhue~jvp ah @oejvmo~jhl E~zvpal~bvmje Kouublou.$ |~jppoh nz Bd+ Cjh`j -=62 ― =<5 =<5 EO* a~ Bn a~ Bn Zuog  Zbran jnh Jumbr Bd+Cjh`j ju pmo gbpmo~ ag  Judbkje Vmjdauavmz( Mo |bu bdua b uejohpjup ag mjlm ebdjno~ b ljgpo` Kbpmokbpjejbh$ bup~ahako~$ vmzujejbh bh` b loal~bvmo~ bu |odd bu b pbdohpo` kujejbh(( Jh mju naac$ Bd+Cjh`j lbwo b kujejbh `opbjdo` `oue~jvpjah ag ma| pa uo upbpjupjeu bh` g~orohez bhbdzuju pa `oejvmo~  ohe~zvpo` kouublou$ pmju |bu pmo nj~pm ag   napm upbpjupjeu bh` e~zvpbhbdzuju$ beea~`jhl Gjlu~o 29 Va~p~bjp ag Bd+Cjh`j

pa Jn~bmjk Bd+Cb`j(

Uako uemadb~u vjhvajhp pmo a~jljh ag upbpjupjeu pa 2775$ |jpm pmo vndjebpjah ag  Hbp~bd  Hbp~bd bh`  :

 Vadjpjebd Anuo~wbpjahu vah pmo Njddu ag Ka~pbdjpz nz Iamh L~bhp( Ob~dz bvvdjebpjahu ag  upbpjupjebd pmjhcjhl ~owadwo` b~ah` pmo hoo`u ag upbpou pa nbuo vadjez ah `okal~bvmje bh` oeahakje `bpb$ moheo jpu upbp+ jpu upbp+ opzkadalz( Pmo ueavo ag pmo `juejvdjho ag a g upbpjupjeu n~ab`oho` jh pmo ob~dz 2:pm eohp~z pa jhed`o pmo eaddoepjah bh` bhbdzuju bhbd zuju ag `bpb jh loho~bd( Pa`bz$ upbpjupjeu ju |j`odz okvdazo` jh lawo~hkohp$ nujhouu$ bh` pmo hbp~bd bh` uaejbd uejoheou( Jpu kbpmokbpjebd gah`bpjahu |o~o dbj` jh pmo 2
26

-JJ*BVVDJEBPJAH AG UPBPJUPJEU JH OWO^Z@BZ DJGO

Ka`o 9

j( jj( jjj( jw(

Jp ju uo` pa jhgd} ag pmo vndje p~bhuva~p( Pmo ha( ag lbkou ueeoo`o` nz bhz pobk ag vdbzo~u( Pmo g~orohez ag pmo hoo` ag jhgbhpu( _uo` pa gjh` pmo hkno~ ag pmo ka`o ju bdua uooh jh ebdedbpjah ag pmo |blou$ jh pmo  vbpjohpu lajhl pa pmo mauvjpbdu$ pmo ka`o ag p~bwod ope(

Ko`jbh 9

j( jj( jjj( jw(

Jp ju uo` pa kobu~o pmo `jup~jnpjah ag pmo ob~hjhlu _uo` pa gjh` pmo vdbzo~u mojlmp o(l( gaapnbdd vdbzo~u( Pa gjh` pmo kj``do blo g~ak pmo edbuu up`ohpu( Bdua uo` pa gjh` pmo vawo~pz djho(

Kobh 9

j( jj( jjj( jw( w( wj(

Jp modvu pobemo~u pa uoo pmo bwo~blo kb~cu kb ~cu ag pmo up`ohpu( Jp ju uo` jh gbepa~jou$ ga~ pmo bpma~jpjou pa ~oealhjyo |mopmo~ pmo nohogjpu ag pmo |a~co~u ju eahpjho` a~ hap( Jp ju bdua uo` pa eahp~bup pmo ubdb~jou ag pmo |a~co~u( Pa ebdedbpo pmo bwo~blo uvoo` ag bhzpmjhl( Jp ju bdua uo` nz pmo lawo~hkohp pa gjh` pmo jheako a~ o}vohuou ag a g bhz vo~uah( _ujhl pmju$ pmo gbkjdz ead` nbdbheo pmoj~ o} vohuou |jpm pmoj~ bwo~blo jheako(

Upbh`b~` `owjbpjah 9

j( jj(

jjj(

Bdda|u u pa ~oealhjyo pmbp pmo bwo~blo pokvo~bp~o ga~ pmo ejpz |jpm pmo |j`o~  wb~jbpjah( _uo` jh uva~pu |mjem ju |moh jh ~bejhl$ b `~jwo~ ju pjko` ah ueeouujwo dbvu( B `~jwo~ |jpm b da| upbh`b~` `owjbpjah ag dbv pjkou ju ka~o eahujupohp pmbh b `~jwo~  |jpm b mjlmo~ upbh`b~` `owjbpjah( Pmju jhga~kbpjah ebh no uo` pa modv h`o~upbh` |mo~o avva~phjpjou kjlmp no gah` pa ~o`eo dbv pjkou( ^ov~ouohpu pmo ~juc buuaejbpo` |jpm b ljwoh uoe~jpz -upaecu$ nah`u$ v ~avo~pz$ ope(* a~ pmo ~juc ag b va~pgadja ag uoe~jpjou(

22

VB^P JJ

Pmo Kjhjup~z ag Mobdpm mbu `aho kbhz kbh z up`jou ah pmo oggoep ag gaa` uad` jh pmo uemaad ebhpooh ah emjd`~oh( Pa uvva~p pmo lawo~hkohp ogga~p$ za b~o ~orj~o` pa ~h pmo v~aioep( Pmju v~aioep ~orj~o` za pa anpbjh pmo kbuu bh` mojlmp ag 266 up`ohpu jh eo~pbjh ga~ku ag za~ uemaad( Nbuo` ah pmo ~b| `bpb eaddoepo`$ pbndbpo za~ `bpb jhpa b g~orohez pbndo bu noda| 9 Kbuu ag up`ohpu -cl*

Pbddz

G~orohez

b* @~b| b mjupal~bk g~ak Pbndo 2 bh` gjh` ka`o kbuu(  n* Moheo$ `~b| bhapmo~ p|a mjupal~bku nz embh ljhl pa b ukbddo~ edbuu jhpo~wbdu bh` jhe~obujhl pmo hkno~ ag pmo edbuuou( j* jj*

O}vdbjh n~jogdz$ |mbp `a za anuo~wo bu pmo edbuu ujyo `oe~obuou bh` pmo hkno~ ag edbuu jhe~obuou( Gjh` ka`o ga~ owo~z mjupal~bk pmbp za mbwo `~b|h bh` jhpo~v~op jp(

2>

Bhu|o~  PMO ^B\ @BPB NOGA^O PBN_DBPO@ PJHLLJ

NO^BP

PJHLLJ

NO^BP

PJH LLJ

NO^BP

PJH LLJ

NO^BP

PJHLLJ

NO^B P

277

?5

272

02

277

?6

202

0>

2??

0?

27=

?<

2<=

76

276

?>

276

?:

2?7

5=

27=

?>

27>

?0

2=5

7>

2?=

5:

2?6

00

27<

?=

2<=

:7

276

00

2?5

02

27=

?7

270

?5

2<6

70

2?=

0=

2?6

00

272

?0

270

76

2=0

?<

275

0<

270

<6

2?6

05

2<>

?5

2<=

?=

27>

??

2?<

0>

276

?=

27:

?5

2=2

7>

2?7

0?

2?7

7>

2?5

?6

2=6


2=2

7=

27>

?>

2?>

7=

2?5

7?

2<0

:=

2<=

?6

276

?0

27?

?0

20=

7?

2<>

0=

2<7

??

276

?5

277

<=

2?=

5:

276

0:

2<6

?>

272

?5

20=

0<

2?5

0>

2?7

0<

2?0

00

2?5

0?

277

76

272

?>

2?7

0<

272

?6

2
?7

276

00

27?

0>

2?6

57

2?6

0?

2<=

<<

20?

00

270

0:

2?7

0=

2?<

0:

2<6

?>

2?>

?6

27:

76

2
?7

276

0=

2<2

70

2?=

?5

2?6

00

270

0?

277

?6

272

02

2?<

<6

2?2

05

2<>

7<

2?7

?6

2<=

76

276

5=

27=

:7

2<2

70

2?5

?6

27>

?0

270

0=

2<7

<5

PBN_DBPO@ @BPB Kbuu ag Up`ohpu -cl*

Pbddz

G~orohez

56 +00

JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ J

>2

0? + ?:

JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ

?0

76 + <0

JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ

2:


JJJ

5

:6 + 260

JJJ

5

KA@O ; ?> Pmo ka`o kbuu ag edbuu jhpo~wbd 2? ju ? >

25

Kbuu ag Up`ohpu -cl*

Pbddz

G~orohez

5? + 07

JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ J

>7

0< + ?=

JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJ

0=

?: + <6

JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ

2:

<2 + =>

JJJ

5

=5 + :0

+

6

:? + 267

JJJ

5

Kbuu ag Up`ohpu -cl*

Pbddz

G~orohez

5? + 00

JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ J

>2

0? + ?0

JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJ

05

?? + 70

JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJJJ JJ

>>

7? + <0

JJJJ JJJ

=


JJJ

5

=? + :0

+

6

:? + 260

JJJ

5

KA@O ; ?2(: Pmo ka`o kbuu ag edbuu jhpo~wbd 2> ju ? 2(:

KA@O ; 0:(? Pmo ka`o kbuu ag edbuu jhpo~wbd 26 ju 0 :(?

Jh kz anuo~wbpjah$ pmo g~orohez ju embhlo( Pmo ka`o kbuu ju `oe~obuo( Pmo ~bhlo ag obem edbuu jhpo~wbd ju bdua `oe~obuo( \moh pmo edbuu jhpo~wbd `oe~obuo jp |jdd uma| pmo bee~bpo ka`o kbuu(

20

VB^P JJJ

b* _ujhl pmo `bpb g~ak Pbndo 2$ eakvdopo Pbndo > noda|( Kbuu ag up`ohpu -cl*

_vvo~ nah`b~z

G~orohez

Ekdbpjwo g~orohez

 n* Moheo$ `~b| bh aljwo nbuo` ah pmo `bpb( e* G~ak pmo aljwo$ gjh` ko`jbh$ gj~up rb~pjdo$ pmj~` rb~pjdo bh` jhpo~rb~pjdo ~bhlo( `* \jpmap `~b|jhl bh aljwo$ gjh` ko`jbh$ gj~up rb~pjdo$ pmj~` rb~pjdo bh` jhpo~rb~pjdo ~bhlo( o* Upbpo pmo ~bhlo bh` jhpo~rb~pjdo ~bhlo( \mbp ju pmo `jggo~oheo nop|ooh pmo ~bhlo bh` jhpo~rb~pjdo ~bhlo1 g* Ebdedbpo pmo kobh$ wb~jbheo bh` upbh`b~` `owjbpjah( O}vdbjh n~jogdz |mz kobh$ wb~jbheo bh` upbh`b~` `owjbpjah b~o uo` jh upbpjupje pa jhpo~v~op `bpb(

2?

Bhu|o~ -b*

Kbuu ag up`ohpu -cl* 56 ― 00 0? ― ?: 76 ― <0 <0 ― =: :6  ― 260

_vvo~ nah`b~z

G~orohez

00(? ?:(? <0(? =:(? 260(?

>2 ?0 2: 5 5

Ekdbpjwo g~orohez >2
-e* G~ak pmo aljwo$ -j* Ko`jbh ; ?0(? -jj* Gj~up Rb~pjdo

    

; >?

G~ak pmo aljwo R2 ;0<(? -jjj* Pmj~` Rb~pjdo

    

;
G~ak pmo aljwo R5 ; ?:(? -jw* Jhpo~rb~pjdo ^bhlo

     

27

-`* \jpmap ujhl pmo aljwo l~bvm$

            -* *

-j* Ko`jbh

        -*  * *         -* 

-o*-j* ^bhlo ; :<  ― 5< ;76 -jj* Pmo Jhpo~rb~pjdo ~bhlo

     

R5 ― R  ― R2

Pmo ~bhlo ju pmo `jggo~oheo nop|ooh pmo mjlmoup bh` da|oup wbdo ( Pmo jhpo~rb~pjdo ~bhlo ju pmo `jggo~oheo nop|ooh pmo da|o~ rb~pjdo bh` vvo~ rb~pjdo jh b uop ag `bpo(

       

-jj* Gj~up Rb~pjdo

               -*  * *         -**   

Pmo da|o~ rb~pjdo djou jh -56

00* cl(

      

-JJJ* Pmj~` Rb~pjdo

            -*  * *         -**   

_vvo~ Rb~pjdo djou jh -0?+?:* cl(

-jw* Pmo Jhpo~rb~pjdo ~bhlo R5 ― R  ― R2

  

2<

Kbuu ag  up`ohpu -cl* 56  ― 00 0?  ― ?: 76  ― <0 <0  ― =: :6  ― 260

_vvo~ nah`b~z

G~orohez

Ekdbpjwo g~orohez

Kj`vajhp

 

 

00(? ?:(? <0(? =:(? 260(?

>2 ?0 2: 5 5

>2
5< ?> 7< => :<

<<< >=6= 2><5 >07 >:2

>=<0: 207627 =?>:2 >62<> >=>><

 





   

J uo` pmo `bpb bnawo pa ebdedbpo pa gjh` pmo kobh$ wb~jbheo bh` upbh`b~` `owjbpjah

-G* -j* Kobh

  −−          −−    -*    -*        ∙    ∙    Kobh$

-jj* Wb~jbheo

-jjj* Upbh`b~` `owjbpjah

2=

Kobh ju uo` jh upbpjupjeu noebuo 9

 Jp ju uogd pa ljwo ka~o |ojlmpjhl pa eo~pbjh `bpb vajhpu$ jh |mjem ebuo pmo ~oudp

ju ebddo` pmo |ojlmpo` b~jpmkopje kobh( Pmo kobh ju wbdj` ahdz ga~ jhpo~wbd `bpb a~ ~bpja `bpb( Ujheo jp uou pmo wbdou ag bdd ag pmo `bpb vajhpu jh pmo vavdbpjah a~ ubkvdo$ pmo kobh ju jhgdoheo` nz apdjo~u pmbp kbzno bp pmo o}p~okou ag pmo `bpb uop(

Wb~jbheo ju uo` jh upbpjupjeu noebuo 9

Urb~jhl kbcou obem po~k vaujpjwo ua pmbp wbdou bnawo pmo kobh `a hap ebheod wbdou noda| pmo kobh( Urb~jhl b``u ka~o |ojlmpjhl pa pmo db~lo~ `jggo~oheou$ bh` jh kbhz ebuou pmju o}p~b |ojlmpjhl ju bvv~av~jbpo ujheo vajhpu g~pmo~ g~ak p mo kobh kbz no ka~o ujlhjgjebhp( Pmo kbpmokbpjeu b~o ~odbpjwodz kbhblobndo |moh ujhl pmju kobu~o jh unuorohp upbpjujpjebd ebdedbpjahu( Upbh`b~` `owjbpjah ju uo` jh upbpjupjeu noebuo 9 

Ka~o bee~bpo bh` `opbjdo` oupjkbpo ag `juvo~ujah noebuo bh apdjo~ ebh l~obpdz o}bllo~bpo pmo ~bhlo(



Uma|u pmo ~odbpjah pmbp uop ag uea~ou mbu pa pmo kobh ag pmo ubkvdo(



Bdda|u u pa ~obem ~o bem uako eahedujahu bnap uvoejgje uea~ou jh a~ `jup~jnpjah(

2:

G_^PMO^ O]VDA^BPJAH

Pmo na`z kbuu jh`o}$ NKJ ; kbuu -cl* ! mojlmp -k* } mojlmp -k* ljwou bh jh`jebpjah ah pmo  vmzujebd upbpo ag b vo~uah bu nojhl bh h`o~|ojlmp$ ha~kbd$ awo~|ojlmp a~ anouo( NKJ Ebpola~jou _h`o~|ojlmp  Ha~kbd Awo~|ojlmp Anouo

j(

NKJ 4 2=(? 2=(? ―  2=(? ― >0(: >0(: >?+>:(: 8 56

Ebdedbpo NKJ ga~ owo~z up`ohp g~ak pmo u~woz bh` edbuujgz pmok jhpa ebpola~jou bu bnawo( Moheo$ ebdedbpo pmo vo~eohpblo ag owo~z ebpola~z( @juvdbz pmo ~oudp ah za~ uemaad hapjeo nab~` bu b lj`o ga~ vvjdu pa pbco eb~o e b~o ag pmoj~  obpjhl mbnjpu nz v~bepjejhl pmo ka~bd wbdou( ”Bh anouo vo~uah ju ka~o v~aho pa `owodav `juobuou uem bu `jbnopou$ up~aco bh` mob~p bppbec‚( Eakkohp ah pmju upbpokohp( Ulloup |bzu bh` up~bpoljou pmbp b vo~uah ebh b`avp pa ~o`eo a~ jhe~obuo kbuu bh` djwo b mobdpmjo~ djgo(

jj( jjj(

Bhu|o~

j( PJHLLJ NO^BP

Pmo NKJ ga~ owo~z up`ohp g~ak pmo u~woz u~wo z 9 NKJ

PJHLLJ

N O^ O^BP

NKJ

PJHLLJ

NO^BP

NKJ

PJHLLJ

NO^BP

NKJ

PJHLLJ

2( 2(72

02

2?(=2<5

2(77

?6

2=(200=<

2(02

0>

>2(2>?<

2(??

NO^BP 0?

NKJ

2(77

?5

2:(>55?7

2=(<560:

2(7=

?<

>6(2:??=

2( 2(<=

76

2=(:5<

2(7

?>

>6(52>?

2(7

?:

>5(607==

2( 2(?7

5=

2?(720<5

2(7=

?>

2=(0>060

2( 2(7>

?0

>6(?<72

2(=5

7>

2=(?25?0

2(?=

5:

2?(7>>?

2(?

00

2:(????7

2(7<

?=

>6(<:7<5

2( 2(<=

:7

56(>::>

2(7

00

2<(2=
2(?5

02

2<(?2075

2( 2(7=

?7

2:(=02><

2(70

?5

2:(<6??5

2(<

70

>>(20?5

2(?=

0=

2:(>><7:

2(?

00

2:(????7

2( 2(72

?0

>6(=5>?5

2(70

76

>>(56=2?

2( 2(=0

?<

27(=57

2(75

0<

2<(7=:<:

2(70

<6

>7(6>72<

2(?

05

2:(22222

2(<>

?5

2<(:2?6:

2( 2(<=

?=

2=(56?=

2(7>

??

>6(:?<2<

2(?<

0>

2<(65:>5

2(7

?=

>>(7?7>?

2(7:

?5

2=(??7<<

2( 2(=2

7>

2=(:>0:

2(?7

0?

2=(0:22>

2(?7

7>

>?(0<777

2( 2(?5

?6

>2(5?:52

2(=


>5(20=2?

2( 2(=2

7=

>6(
2(7>

?>

2:(=206?

2(?>

7=

>:(05>25

2(?5

7?

><(<7<2

2(<0

:=

5>(57==<

2( 2(<=

?6

2?(<=6=

2(7

?0

>2(6:5
2(7?

?0

2:(=50<2

2( 2(0=

7?

>:(7<0:?

2(<>

0=

27(>>0::

2( 2(<7

??

2<(
2(7

?5

>6(<6525

2(77

<=

>=(567

2(?=

5:

2?(7>>?

2(7

0:

2:(20675

2(<

?>

2<(::52

2(72

?5

>6(007<0

2(0=

0<

>2(0?<><

2( 2(?5

0>

2<(:02=>

2(?7

0<

2:(52>:?

2( 2(?0

00

2=(??>:

2(?5

0?

2:(>>55=

2(77

76

>2(<<5=0

2( 2(72

?>

>6(676:?

2(?7

0<

2:(52>:?

2( 2(72

?6

2:(>=:0

2(
?7

2=(>=?<2

2(7

00

2<(2=
2(7?

0>

2?(0><

2(?

57

27

2(?

0?

>6

2(<=

<<

>0(56>0:

2(0?

00

>6(:><0<

2(70

0:

2=(>2=5>

2(?7

0=

2:(<>5=<

2( 2(?<

0:

2:(=<:2

2(<

?>

2<(::56=

2(?>

?6

>2(702><

2( 2(7:

76

>2(66<7<

2(
?7

2=(>=?<2

2(7

0=

2=(
2(<2

70

>2(==<6=

2(?=

?5

>2(>56?<

2(?

00

2:(????7

2(70

0?

27(<5222

2(77

?6

2=(200:

2(72

02

2?(=2<>:

2(?<

<6

>=(5:=<>

2(?2

05

2=(=?==>

2(<>

7<

>>(70<5=

2( 2(?7

?6

>6(?0?<

2(<=

76

2=(:5<

2(7

5=

20(=05
2( 2(7=

:7

50(62572

2(<2

70

>2(==<6=

2( 2(?5

?6

>2(5?:5

2(7>

?0

>6(?<725

2(70

0=

2<(=07?>

2( 2(<7

<5

>5(?7775

>6

Pmo edbuujgjebpjah ag obem NKJ ag obem ea~~ouvah`jhl up`ohp jhpa pmo ebpola~jou noda| 9 NKJ Ebpola~jou _h`o~|ojlmp  Ha~kbd Awo~|ojlmp Anouo

NKJ 52 ?: < 5

Bu pmo g~orohez ag pmo up`ohpu -266* ju ubko pa pmo vo~eohpblo$ |mjem ju bdua 266$ |o ebh eahed`o pmbp 9 NKJ Ebpola~jou _h`o~|ojlmp  Ha~kbd Awo~|ojlmp Anouo

Vo~eohpblo ag obem ebpola~z 52/ ?:/
NKJ AG OBEM EBPOLA^JOU Awo~|ojlmp
Anouo 5/

_h`o~|ojlmp 52/

Ha~kbd ?:/

>2

 Bhu|o~ 9

Anoujpz ju b ko`jebd eah`jpjah jh |mjem o}eouu na`z gbp mbu beekdbpo` pa pmo o}pohp pmbp

jp kbz mbwo bh b`wo~uo oggoep ah mobdpm$ dob`jhl pa ~o`eo` djgo o}vbhpbhez bh` jhe~obuo` mobdpm  v~andoku( Anoujpz jhe~obuou pmo djcodjmaa` ag wb~jau `ouobuo$ vb~pjedb~ mob~p `ouobuo$ pzvo p|a anup~epjwo udoov bvhob$ eo~pbjh pzvou ag ebheo~$ bh` aupmoab~pm~jpju( Anoujpz ju kaup eakkahdz

ebuo` nz b eaknjhbpjah ag o}eouujwo gaa` oho~lz jhpbco$ dbec ag vmzujebd bepjwjpz$ bh` lohopje uueovpjnjdjpz$ bdpmalm b go| ebuou b~o ebuo` v~jkb~jdz nz lohou$ oh`a~jhou$ `jua~`o~u$ ko`jebpjahu a~ vmzemjbp~je jddhouu( Owj`oheo pa uvva~p pmo wjo| pmbp uako anouo voavdo obp djppdo

zop lbjh |ojlmp `o pa b uda| kopbnadjuk ju djkjpo`3 ah bwo~blo anouo voavdo mbwo b l~obpo~  oho~lz o}voh`jp~o pmbh pmoj~ pmjh eahpo~vb~pu `o pa pmo oho~lz ~orj~o` pa kbjhpbjh bh jhe~obuo` na`z kbuu(

@jopjhl bh` vmzujebd o}o~ejuo b~o pmo kbjhupbzu ag p~obpkohp ga~ anoujpz( @jop rbdjpz ebh no jkv~awo` nz ~o`ejhl pmo eahukvpjah ag oho~lz+`ohuo gaa`u uem bu pmauo mjlm jh gbp

bh`

ulb~u$ bh` nz jhe~obujhl pmo jhpbco ag `jopb~z gjn~o( Bhpj+anoujpz `~l kbz no pbcoh pa ~o`eo bvvopjpo a~ jhmjnjp gbp bnua~vpjah palopmo~ |jpm b ujpbndo ` jop( Jg `jop$ o}o~ejuo bh` ko`jebpjah b~o hap oggoepjwo$ b lbup~je nbddaah kbz kb z buujup |jpm |ojlmp dauu$ a~ u~lo~z kbz no vo~ga~ko` pa ~o`eo upakbem wadko a~ na|od dohlpm$ dob`jhl pa ob~djo~ ubpjbpjah bh` ~o`eo` bnjdjpz pa bnua~n hp~johpu g~ak gaa`(

Pmo mobdpmjoup |bz pa dauo |ojlmp ju hojpmo~ e~bum `jopu ha~ n~upu ag o}o~ejuo( Pmo na`z na` z djcou uda| embhlou jh po~ku ag gaa` bh` o}o~ejuo(Ga~ o}bkvdo$ uakoaho |ma mbuh,p o} o~ejuo` ga~  zob~u umad`h,p ~um jhpa ~hhjhl kjdou b `b z a~ vah`jhl pmo p~ob`kjdd( Hap ahdz |jdd pmo up~lldo pa `a ua dobwo za goodjhl `jumob~poho` bh` `okapjwbpo`$ za,~o bdua gb~ ka~o djcodz pa

>>

jhi~o za~uodg bh` uop za~ gjphouu dowodu nbec g~pmo~( Pmo ubko laou ga~ voavdo |ma u``ohdz upb~p upb~wjhl pmokuodwou( @jopu pmbp uowo~odz ~oup~jep ebda~jou a~ pmo pzvou ag gaa` ,bdda|o`, ebh dob` za pa no `ogjejohp jh pmo hp~johpu bh` wjpbkjhu pmbp za~ na`z hoo`u( Ua$ jg za hoo` pa dauo |ojlmp$ |mbp umad` za `a1

Oho~lz hoo`u bh` |ojlmp dauu( Za~ Za ~ na`z uou gaa` ga~ oho~lz( Jp upa~ou bhz o}eouu oho~lz bu gbp( Pmju kobhu jg za obp o bp ka~o gaa` pmbh za~ na`z hoo`u ga~ `bjdz bepjwjpjou bh` eodd kbjhpohbheo$ za,dd lbjh |ojlmp( Pa dauo |ojlmp$ za hoo` pa lop za~ na`z pa uo v pmouo upa~ou ag gbp( Pmo kaup oggoepjwo |bz pa `a ` a pmju ju pa ~o`eo pmo bkahp ag ebda~jou za obp bh` jhe~obuo za~ dowodu ag bepjwjpz(Pmju ju |mz o}vo~pu pbdc bnap |ojlmp dauu jh po~ku ag `jop bh` o}o~ejuo(

 Ho}p$ jhp~a`eo embhlou l~b`bddz( Ukbdd embhlou ebh kbco b njl `jggo~oheo( Za,~o bdua ka~o djcodz pa upjec pa$ ubz$ u|bvvjhl gdd+gbp kjdc ga~ uokj+ucjkko` a~ kbcjhl pjko ga~   n~obcgbup obem ka~hjhl pmbh b `jop pmbp uopu ~dou ga~ bdd gaa`u( Za umad` pmjhc ag |ojlmp dauu jh po~ku ag vo~kbhohpdz embhljhl za~ obpjhl mbnjpu( \mjdo |ojlmp+dauu labdu b~o ubddz uop jh po~k ag |oocu$ pmo oh` lbko ju pa uupbjh pmouo embhlou awo~ kahpmu bh` zob~u$ jo djgoupzdo embhlo ga~ djgo(

Pmoh$ jhe~obuo za~ bepjwjpz dowodu( Uakoaho |ma jhe~obuou pmo bkahp pmoz o}o~ejuo$ np kbjhpbjhu pmo ubko `jop bh` ebda~jo jhpbco$ |jdd bdkaup eo~pbjhdz dauo |ojlmp( Ha kbppo~ jg za mbpo lzku owoh djlmp o}o~ejuo$ uem bu b uma~p >6 kjhpo |bdc$ |jdd no nohogjejbd jg `aho kaup `bzu ag pmo |ooc(Owo~z ujhldo pjko za o}o~ejuo ka~o pmbh ubd$ za n~h ebda~jou bh` gbp( Pmo~o b~o dapu ag |bzu pa jhe~obuo pmo bkahp ag bepjwjpz za `a( Pobk uva~pu$ ~becop uva~pu$ bo~anjeu edbuuou$ ~hhjhl bh` ezedjhl |jdd bdd jkv~awo za~ gjphouu dowodu(

>5

^o`eo za~ ebda~jo jhpbco( Jg za,~o awo~|ojlmp$ za ebh,p eahpjho |jpm za~ e~~ohp obpjhl mbnjpu jg za ~obddz |bhp pa dauo |ojlmp( Jp,u hap vauujndo pa ~o`eo na`z na `z gbp |mjdo obpjhl dapu ag gaa`$ ebcou bh` u|oopu( Pmju `aouh,p kobh za ebh howo~ mbwo bhz p~obpu$ np za hoo` pa dob~h ma| pa djkjp pmouo gaa`u pa ukbdd rbhpjpjou r bhpjpjou dop ubz$ ga~ uvoejbd aeebujahu(

Gjhbddz$ `ah,p no pokvpo` pa ucjv n~obcgbup a~ bhz kobd pa dauo |ojlmp( \mjdo ucjvvjhl b kobd |jdd ~o`eo za~ ebda~jo jhpbco ga~ pmbp m a~$ jp |jdd dobwo za kem mhl~jo~ m hl~jo~ dbpo~ ah( Hap ahdz b~o za djcodz pa awo~obp pa eakvohubpo$ np za,dd agpoh kbco nb` emajeou pa gjdd pmo lbv9 b eo~obd nb~ ju hap bu mobdpmz bu b na|d ag eo~obd a~ bu gjddjhl$ dob`jhl za pa ,hoo`, uakopmjhl o} p~b ga~ dhem(

>0

Jh pmo kbcjhl ag pmju v~aioep( J mbwo `aho kbhz ~ouob~emou pm~almap pmo jhpo~hop bh` `jueuuo` |jpm g~joh`u pmbp mbwo modvo` ko b dap pa eakvdopo pmju v~aioep( J mbwo uvohp eahpdouu ma~u pa gjhjum pmo pbuc( J ~obdjyo` pmbp jp |bu hap bh obuz pbuc( J mbwo uvohp eahpdouu ma~u pa gjhjum pmo pbuc( J mbwo uo` pmo B``jpjahbd Kbpmokbpjeu cha|do`lo pmbp J dob~hp pa uadwo bdd pmo v~andoku( Pm~alm pmo eakvdopjah ag pmju v~aioep $ J mbwo dob~hp kbhz ucjddu bh` poemhjrou( Pmju v~aioep ~obddz modvu ko pa h`o~upbh` ka~o bnap pmo uou ag upbpjupjeu jh a~ `bjdz djgo( Pmju v~aioep ~obddz modvu ko pa o}vauo pmo poemhjrou ag bvvdjebpjah ag b``jpjahbd kbpmokbpjeu jh ~obd djgo ujpbpjahu( J bdua ~obdjyo` pmbp pmju unioep ju eakvdua~z ga~ ko pa gdgjdd kz `~obku jh gp~o( B dap ag jhga~kbpjah pmbp J mbwo gah`$ |mjdo eah`epjhl pmju v~aioep( J mbwo dob~hp ma| pa pbndbpo pmo `bpb$ kbcjhl mjupal~bk bh` jp ju uo jh a~ `bjdz djgo( Bvb~p g~ak pmbp$ pmju v~aioep ohea~blou pmo up`ohp pa |a~c palopmo~ bh` umb~o pmoj~ cha|do`lo( Jp ju bdua ohea~blo up`ohpu pa lbpmo~ pmo jhga~kbpjah g~ak pmo jhpo~hop $ jkv~awo pmjhcjhl ucjddu bh` v~akapo oggoepjwo kbpmokbpjebd eakkhjebpjah( J v~avauo` pmju v~aioep umad` no eahpjho nobebuo jp `owodavu b laa` bppjp`o ag  kbpmokbpjebd wbdou bh` n~jhlu b dap ag ka~bd wbdou pa pmo up`ohp nouj`ou poupjhl pmo h`o~upbh`jhl ag up`ohpu jh B``jpjahbd Kbpmokbpjeu(

>?

Bgpo~ `ajhl ~ouob~em$ bhu|o~jhl roupjahu$ `~b|jhl l~bvmu bh` uako v~andok uadwjhl$ J ub| pmbp pmo ublo ag upbpjupjeu ju jkva~pbhp jh `bjdz djgo( Jp ju hap iup |j`od z uo` jh uemaad np bdua jh jhpo~v~opjhl pmo eah`jpjah ag pmo u~~ah`jhl djco pmo bj~ a~ pmo |bpo~( Ouvoejbddz jh eah`epjhl eah`epjh l bh bj~+vaddpjah u~woz( Jh eahedujah$ upbpjupjeu ju b `bjdz djgo hoeouujpjou( \jpmap jp$ u~wozu ebh‚p  no eah`epo`$ pmo `bpb ag pmo kbuu ag up`ohpu ebh‚p no eaddoepo` bh` kbhz ka~o( Ua$ |o umad`  no pmbhcgd ag pmo voavdo |ma eahp~jnpo jh pmo j`ob ag upbpjupjeu(

>7

 NJND  NJNDJA JAL^ L^BV BVMZ  MZ   mppv9!!oh(|jcjvo`jb(a~l!|jcj!Upbh`b~`Q`owjbpjah  mppv9!!oh(|jcjvo`jb(a~l!|jcj!Wb~jbheo  mppv9!!|||(okbpmyaho(eak!ppa~jbdu!nbuje+upbpjupjeu!mjupa~z+ag+upbpjupjeu(mpkd  mppv9!!oh(|jcjvo`jb(a~l!|jcj!Upbpjupjeu  mppv9!!oh(|jcjvo`jb(a~l!|jcj!Mjupa~zQagQupbpjupjeu  mppv9!!upbpp~oc(eak!upbpjupjeu!`jepjahb~z(buv}1`ogjhjpjah;jhpo~rb~pjdoQ~bhlo  mppv9!!oh(|jcjvo`jb(a~l!|jcj!Gah`o~uQagQupbpjupjeu  mppv9!!|||(udj`oumb~o(hop!kjh?7!bvvdjebpjahu+ag+upbpjupjeu+jh+`bjdz+djgo  mppv9!!|||(laaldo(eak(kz!~d1ub;p'~ep;i'r;bvvdjebpjah/>6ag/>6upbh`b~`/>

6`owjbpjah/>6jh/>6~obd/>6djgo/>6o}bkvdo'ua~eo;|on'e`;2'urj;>'wo`; 6EGeRGiBB'~d;mppv/5B/>G/>G|||(vmzu(hpm(o`(p|/>Gxlvdbn/>Ggjdo/ >G62Kobu~jhl/>GUpbh`b~`/>?>6@owjbpjah+ G~ak/>?>6\jcjvo`jb(`ae'oj;N0r~P:w@BaC~Bo`yQMjBR'ul;BGRiEHOL ADbUORYG~V\G]c|cuezBMA2CGR

><