CFD on urban environment. Aerodynamics. Aerospace, Urban Planning
Aerodynamics in carsFull description
Fundamentals of AerodynamicsFull description
Aerodynamics
Fundamentals of Aerodynamics
Fundamentals of AerodynamicsFull description
Fundamentals of AerodynamicsFull description
by Kuethe and Chow
Descripción completa
Full description
Dean MartinFull description
Bridge engineering and aerodynamicsFull description
aerodynamics for gateFull description
Aerodynamics, Aeronautics, And Flight Mechanics - Barnes Warnock McCormick
Aerodynamics of Road Vehicle Prof. R. Krishna Kumar
Aerodynamics
Air flow over the exterior of the body ~ 90 % loss Aerodynamic Resistance Air flow through the radiator system and the interior for cooling and heating ~10% Normal Pressure called pressure drag ~ 90 % external Resistance External Airflow
Shear stress resulting in skin drag – significant for large vehcile
In practice the aerodynamic resistance is expressed as
Ra =
ρ 2
C D A f Vr2
Af : Characteristic area of the vehicle – 79 to 84 % projected area ; Vr : Speed; Horse Power increases as V3
Why does one study Aerodynamics
Nomenclature of the body of a car
Airplane and Vehicle Aerodynamics Combination shape of Jaray
Drag Coefficients of the mid 90s car
Drag Coefficient with Time
Cars of the 70s. Note the similarities
Profiles to note – The concept of parametric Design
CD of thin line 0.43; Bold line 0.3
Types of Cars
Squareback
The vortex behind the car
Dead Water
quasi 2D flow separation 3D vortex rich in energy
Flow Seperation
Pressure Coeff. Of a bluff body
( p − p∞ ) Cp = ( ρV∞2 / 2)
- laminar separation
Pressure Distribution
The vortex behind the car
quasi 2D flow separation 3D vortex rich in energy
A pillar vortex
Force on the side glass
Flow Field around a car
The Rear Wake
Profiles to note – The concept of parametric Design
CD of thin line 0.43; Bold line 0.3
Optimization of Front End Design – Volkswagen Golf I
Lower Stagnation point gives better drag
Reduction of Drag by rounding or Chamfering the front – end edge
Drag Reduction by Fine tuning the hood radius and grille design
Profiles to note – The concept of parametric Design
CD of thin line 0.43; Bold line 0.3
Important Angles in the front
Profiles to note – The concept of parametric Design
CD of thin line 0.43; Bold line 0.3
The Effect of Roof
There is no flow towards the side of the roof
The hair raising problem
Profiles to note – The concept of parametric Design
CD of thin line 0.43; Bold line 0.3
Less than 30 deg
At 30 deg.
Notchback
Does the flow reattach in the trunk ?
Fastback and Hatchback – Volkswagen Golf I
Fastback and Hatchback Polo I
Effect of Rear Length
The effects are to be seen in conjunction with side edges of the slant are well rounded
Rear Height and Drag Coefficient
For a rounded contour the height is the most important
Profiles to note – The concept of parametric Design
CD of thin line 0.43; Bold line 0.3
Rear Spoiler
Rear Spoiler profile
Is optimization of the geometry in a notchback a simple affair? The flow is affected by: 1. The radius of the roof and the rear window 2. Geometry of the end of the trunk lid 3. Design of the C pillar, their taper, radius and trailing edge
Profiles to note – The concept of parametric Design
CD of thin line 0.43; Bold line 0.3
Reduction of Drag thru’ the rear diffuser
Plan view camber and drag Notchback
Fastback
Profiles to note – The concept of parametric Design
CD of thin line 0.43; Bold line 0.3
Flow under the body
Front Spoiler optimization
Front Spolier – Velocity distribution underneath a car
Front Spoiler and pressure distribution
Profiles to note – The concept of parametric Design
CD of thin line 0.43; Bold line 0.3
Drag reduction by smoothing the underbody
Opel Calibra
Profiles to note – The concept of parametric Design
CD of thin line 0.43; Bold line 0.3
Wheel Arch effect
Profiles to note – The concept of parametric Design
CD of thin line 0.43; Bold line 0.3
Profiles to note – The concept of parametric Design
CD of thin line 0.43; Bold line 0.3
Rounding of A pillar and C pillar
Windshield and hood
Profiles to note – The concept of parametric Design
CD of thin line 0.43; Bold line 0.3
The Rear End Geometry
The window effect
EPA test cycle
Drag and weight effect Compact car
Full size car
European Driving Cycle
Fuel consumption
Fuel Consumption of a 40 Ton TractorTrailer
Fuel Consumption of a 40 Ton Tractor- Trailer and Cd
