AGARIYA AGARIY A COMMUNITY COMMUNITY,, GUJARA GUJARAT T OVERVIEW :• Agariyas are the traditional traditional salt-making community community in Little Rann of Kutch (LRK) who toil hard in extreme extreme desert conditions for 10 months/year months/year to make organic salt. workers who work in the saltpans of the Rann of Kutch. • They are a community of around 1, 02,103 workers • They mostly belong to Nomadic and De-notified Tribes (75%), Schedule caste (10%), Schedule Tribes (10%) and others backward communities (5%). • since Gujarat produces about 5% of the world’s total salt consumption(73% of India). • Non-recognition by the government as traditional saltmakers, provision of basic amenities like water, electricity, medicals services and sanitation is very poor. Lack of schools • Very few groups are working in this area to provide support and facilitate the empowerment of Agariyas. • To get the salt to your plate, they typically work 8-10 months in a desert, completelycondition isolated from the rest of the world. socio-economic • Occupation: production of salt from the brine of earth , sold to traders at 12p -15p/kg.(80.46% are landless villagers) • Literacy: 47.6%: (8-9 months in desert) •75.76 % of the traditional traditional Agariyas fall into deprived category category when they are evaluated through 15 indicators such as food intake, intake, health expenses, debt, land holding, fuel used, etc.
main problems they face • Inaccessibility to Security measures being Un-organized Sector Susceptibility to Natural Disasters leading to life and livelihood loss Ecological degradation Lack of Awareness and inaccessibility to education facility Absence of basic health care, housing, sanitation sanitation and water facilities –Health issues from occupation Lack of opportunities for alternative income generation activities •Evacuation notice by Gujarat Government for sanctuaries.
people who make salt
living area is far from the nearest settlement.
Way to lrk
• • • •
•
Living condition Source: Jog. Pankti,PPT Saltpan workers of Gujarat, NGO Janpath
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Agariya Aga riya Comm Communit unity y KUTCH : GEOGRAPHY • The Rann of Kutch is a seasonal seasonal salt marsh located in the Thar Desert in the Kutch District of Gujarat, India. It is about 7,505.22 square kilometres kilometres (2,897.78 sq mi) in size and is reputed to be the largest salt desert in the world. • In India's summer monsoon, the flat desert of salty clay and mudflats, which average 15 meters above sea level, fills with standing waters. In very wet years, the wetland extends from the Gulf of Kutch on the west through to the Gulf of Cambay on the east.
Little Rannof Kachchh.
CLIMATE
HAZARD
• Little desert of Kutch is a salt marsh located near the Great • CYCLONES Rann of Kutch in Kutch district, district, Gujarat, India. • EARTHQUAKE • This is one of the hottest areas areas of India - with summer • INDO PAK BORDER temperatures averaging 41°C and peaking at 49.5°C. Winter temperatures temperatures reduce reduce dramatically dramatically and can go below 0 °C (32 (32 °F)
NATURAL RESOURCES
• Salt is obtained from brine of salt pans. • Wildlife such as Wild Ass for which it is nominated by the forest department to be a biosphere reserve under UNESCO. • Shrimp farming(shrimps).
DIVISION OF AGARIYAS
5.0% 10.0%
10.0%
75.0%
N OM OM AD IC IC & D EN EN OT OT IF IF IE IE D T RI RI BE BE S
S CH CH ED ED UL UL ED ED CA CA ST ST E
S CH CH ED ED UL ED ED TR IB IB E
O BC BC
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HOUS USIN ING G TY TYPO POLOGY LOGY GUJARATGUJARA T- BHONGA :- HO
OVERVIEW :Housing Type:-Traditional rural house in Kutch region of India (bhonga) BHONGA is a traditional construction type of the Kutch district of Gujarat state in India, which has a very high seismic hazard.
• A Bhonga consists of a single cylindrically cylindrically shaped room. • The Bhonga has a conical roof supported by cylindrical cylindrical walls. • Bhonga construction construction has existed for several hundred years. years. This type of house is quite durable and appropriate for prevalent desert conditions.
Architectural Architectural Features :Openings • A Bhonga generally has only three openings one door and two small windows. windows. • The typical separation distance between buildings is 3.0 meters • Bhonga is circular in plan, with cylindrically cylindrically shaped walls and topped with conical roof. roof. • The inner diameter of the Bhonga is typically between 3m to 6m.
Modification of Buildings • Recent Bhongas constructions constructions have used wide variety of construction construction materials. • These include the stone or burnt brick masonry either in mud mortar or in cement mortar. • Traditional roof consists of light-weight conical roof, while some recent constructions have used heavy manglore manglore tiles on roofs. roofs. • Some recent constructions have used circular strip footing below the wall, while traditional construction simply extended the walls below ground level.
Socio-Economic Issues Patterns of Occupancy Sometimes, a single family housing unit may consist of • A Bhonga is occupied by a single family. Sometimes, several Bhongas. • The variation depends on the size and economic condition of the family.
Typical building in B honga- Gujarat Gujarat DESIGN ADV A DVANTAGES ANTAGES -A Bhonga has a circular plan to withstand withstand high Speed winds. -A circular plan form distributes seismic forces evenly.
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HOUSI SING NG TY TYPO POLOGY LOGY Agariya Aga riya Comm Communit unity y KUTCH :- HOU Number Number of Housing Units in a Building 1 units in each building. Additional Comments: Each Bhonga is a single room housing unit. Depending on the economic condition of the owner, owner, a housing unit may consist of
several Bhongas.
Description Description of B uilding Materia Materials ls Construction Process Process • These constructions are carried out by local village masons. The locally available soft stone can easily be cut or chiselled into rectangular blocks, which are used for wall masonry. • The local soil is used for mud mortar and to make adobe blocks. Locally available timber and bamboo are used for roof. • The entire construction process, which is carried out by the mason with very few unskilled labourers, can be completed within 30 days.
Typical Problems Associated with this Type of Construction
• These structures are not very durable due to the use of mud mortar. The use of light-weight roof also causes problems during cyclone season. • Several instances of roof damage after cyclonic winds are reported every year. • However, due to its light weight, the flying roof debris do not cause major secondary damage. Seismic Strengthening Technologies
Description Description of Seismic Strengthening Provisions
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GOVERNM RNMENT ENT INTE INTERVE RVENTI NTIONS ONS Agariya Aga riya Comm Communit unity y KUTCH :- GOVE SCHEMES •The population of the community is about 1,02,000. •There is no Government schemes for this community which require special attention attention and they have benn mainly supported by NGOs like Janpath.
NEED •For housing, the need of the hour is housing of pucca materials materials based on the indigenous designs in the villages to provide protection from from cyclones. •In the desert. THERE ARE VARIOUS SOCIO-ECONOMIC NEEDS WHICH REQUIRE ATTENTION:
•To Recognize and protect Agariyas right of using LRK land for 8 months for making of salt by traditional method as “customary Rights of the communities communities (and not individuals) of using Resources. Resources. •To Initiate a process of recognizing ‘traditional’, customary user rights of Agariya community inside LRK for making salt. Any such process initiated by the government should be transparent, consultative with community and inclusive •The saline water (brine) availability in LRK is also limited. Brine availability fairly depends on the inflow of fresh water from seven rivers that meets LRK and also creek at ‘Maliya’ side of LRK which is only narrow strip from where saline water of sea enters into LRK, and water from LRK goes into sea. Thus Multi national companies should not be permitted to make use of brine for making salt as commercial activity. It should be purely community rights recognized as their livelihood options
Source: Jog. Pankti,PPTSaltpan workers of Gujarat, NGO Janpath encyclopaediaofearth.org
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