Animal Physiology Test Bank Chapter 24

Test Test Bank B ank

by Brian Bagatto to accompany Animal Physiology, Third Physiology, Third Edition Hill • Wyse • Anderson

Chapter 24: Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids (with an Introdution to !id"Base #hysiology$ 1. Which of the following is not a a chemical category of respiratory pigment? a. Hemoglobins b. Hemocyanins c. Hemerythrins d. Chlorocrorins e. !yoglobins Answer" e Te#tboo$ Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( p. )1* Bloom+s Category" 1. %emembering ,. Which of the following statements abot hemoglobin is false is false?? a. -t plays a role in C , transport. b. -t plays a role as a pH bffer. bffer. c. -t plays a role in / , transport. d. -t plays a role in  , transport. e. -t is affected by temperatre. Answer" c Te#tboo$ Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igm &igment ents( s( pp. pp. )1* )1* ‒ )10 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating 3. Which of the following statements comparing hman adlt and fetal hemoglobin is tre? a. They are e#actly the same. b. 4etal hemoglobin contains one particlar sbnit that lowers its P its P 5 5. c. 4etal hemoglobin contains one o ne particlar sbnit that raises its P its P 5 5. d. All sbnits of fetal hemoglobin are different and reslt in a lower P lower P 5 5. e. All sbnits of fetal hemoglobin are different and reslt in a higher P higher P 5 5. Answer" b Te#tboo$ Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( p. ),5 Bloom+s Category" . E2alation 67. Which of the following statements abot myoglobin is tre? a. -t is an in2ertebrate respiratory pigment.

8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.

b. -t is a respiratory pigment fond in the red blood cell. c. -t is e#actly li$e hemoglobin bt b t is fond in a different location in the body. bod y. d. -t is a type of fetal hemoglobin. e. -t is a respiratory pigment fond in mscle cytoplasm. Answer" e Te#tboo$ Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( p. ),5 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating . Hemocyanins occr in which wh ich of the following animal grops? a. !ollscs b. Arthropods Arthropods c. Echinoderms d. Both a and b e. All of the abo2e Answer" d Te#tboo$ Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igm &igment ents( s( pp. pp. ),1 ),1 ‒ ),3 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating 6). When the body detects :::::::( ::::::: is secreted to increase the prodction of red blood cells. a. high C, le2els; erythropoeitin b. high C, le2els; myoglobin c. low , le2els; erythropoeitin d. low , le2els; myoglobin e. a low hematocrit; erythropoeitin Answer" c Te#tboo$ Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( p. ),, Bloom+s Category" ,. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),3 Bloom+s Category" 1. %emembering 66666666666*. A respiratory pigment that reires a relati2ely low , partial pressre for loading has ::::::: affinity for ,. a. a low


b. a high c. no affinity d. a 2ariable e. an insfficient Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),7 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 0. -n a healthy hman at rest( what is the appro#imate , satration of 2enos blood as it is lea2ing the tisses? a. 155@ b. =@ c. 5@ d. ,@ e. 5@ Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ), Bloom+s Category" ,.
15. The cr2e on the graph a. represents o#ygen deli2ery by hman blood at rest and dring 2igoros e#ercise. b. is a 2ertebrate o#ygen dissociation cr2e. c. is a mammalian o#ygen dissociation cr2e. d. represents the effect of C, on the deli2ery of o#ygen to the tisses. e. represents the increase in o#ygen concentration as blood tra2els to the lngs.


Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ), Bloom+s Category" ,. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ), Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 1,. According to the figre( appro#imately how mch more o#ygen is sed by the tisses dring e#ercise compared to at rest? a. 1 m ,155 ml of blood b. 15 m ,155 ml of blood c. 1 m ,g d. 15 m ,g e.  m ,g Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ), Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 6613. The 2enos , partial pressre below which aerobic catabolism becomes impaired is $nown as the a. 2enos reser2e. b. minimal 2enos , partial pressre. c. critical 2enos reser2e. d. 2enos threshold. e. critical 2enos , partial pressre. Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),) Bloom+s Category" 1. %emembering 17. Which of the following statements regarding the figre below is false?


a. The gray line depicts a pigment showing cooperati2ity. b. The red line depicts a pigment displaying no cooperati2ity. 666666c. The red line cold represent hman hemoglobin. d. Both lines cold represent a respiratory pigment. e. The red line displays a generally higher , affinity compared to the gray line. Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),* Bloom+s Category" . E2alating 1. Which o#ygen dissociation cr2e in the figre below wold represent a di2ing mammal sch as a Weddell seal?


a. A b. B c. C d. ' e. E Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),* Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 66661) Which o#ygen dissociation cr2e in the figre wold represent a hypo#ia>adapted species sch as a carp? a. A b. B c. C d. ' e. E Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),* Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying


1=. Which o#ygen dissociation cr2e in the figre carries the least amont of o#ygen per nit 2olme of blood? a. A b. B c. C d. ' e. E Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),* Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 1*. ‒ ,5. %efer to the figre below.

666666661*. n the graph( which o#ygen dissociation cr2e represents a 2ery high blood pH e.g.( =.)D? a. A E%F H-GH B' &HD b. B c. C d. ' e. E Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 10. n the graph( which o#ygen dissociation cr2e represents blood with a high C, concentration e.g.( *5 mm HgD? a. A b. B


c. C d. ' e. E blood with a high C, concentrationD Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 6666,5. n the graph( which o#ygen dissociation cr2e represents a P 5 of abot 7 $&a? a. A b. B c. C d. ' e. E Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 666666666 Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 6,,. The effect of acid in redcing the affinity of hemoglobin for , is called the ::::::: effect. a. Haldane b. dissociation c. %oot d. Bohr e. Hb ‒ , Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" ,.

Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating 6,7. The affinity of hemoglobin for , increases with a. decreasing temperatre. b. decreasing blood pH. c. an increase in C, partial pressre. d. increasing IHJ. e. Both b and d Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( pp. ),0( )3, Bloom+s Category" ,. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )35 Bloom+s Category" ,.

,). The pattern of the cr2es in the figre demonstrates the a. %oot effect. b. Haldane effect. c. fi#ed>acid Bohr effect. d. C, Bohr effect. e. temperatre effect on hemoglobin. Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )31 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying ,=. As shown in the figre( the P 5 ::::::: declining pH. a. increases with b. decreases with c. remains constant with d. 2aries dramatically with e. is nrelated to Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )31 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 66666666,*. The %oot effect applies to which of the following physiological mechanisms? a. The nloading of , in mscle tisse b. The inflating of the swim bladder of many fish c. The loading of , at the lngs d. The loading of , at the gills e. The nloading of , in low pH regions of the stomach Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )31 Bloom+s Category" ,. '&G a. increases Hb ‒ , affinity. b. increases the nloading of , at tisses. c. permits increased e#ercise. d. increases the loading of , at the lngs. e. decreases the P 5 of hemoglobin. Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )3, Bloom+s Category" ,.

a. impairs , nloading less than it enhances loading. b. impairs , nloading more than it enhances loading. c. enhances , nloading more than it impairs loading. d. enhances , nloading less than it impairs loading. e. impairs , nloading. Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )33 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 31. Which of the following statements abot respiratory pigments is false? a. They aid in the rotine transport of  , from the breathing organs to the tisses. b. They ser2e as maKor bffers of blood pH. c. They play critical roles in C, transport. d. They play critical roles in the transport of ntrients. e. They can fnction as , stores in in2ertebrates. Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 37 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating 3,. According to the figre below( which of the statements below is the most accrate?


a. , concentrations of arterial blood are in2ersely proportional to swimming speed. b. As , concentrations of blood drop in 2enos blood( swimming speed increases. c. Hypo#ia>adapted fish ha2e a mch lower satration le2el dring e#ercise than other fish do. d. Cold>acclimated fish ha2e a mch lower satration le2el dring e#ercise than other fish do. 6666666666e. As swimming speed increases( the arterial blood remains nearly satrated while the 2enos blood decreases in satration. Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 33. -n octopses( 2enos satration is abot :::::::@ at rest and abot :::::::@ dring e#ercise. a. =; , b. =; 5 c. 35; 35 d. 35; 15 e. 15; 15 Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3 Bloom+s Category" ,.

Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3 Bloom+s Category" ,. adapted fish species wold li$ely be ::::::: the P 5 of normo#ic> adapted fish species. a. higher than b. eal to c. lower than d. e#tremely 2ariable compared to e. /one of the abo2e Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3) Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 3). The figre below shows that

a. larger primates ha2e fewer red blood cells than smaller primates do. b. the whole blood of smaller primates has lower , affinity than that of larger primates. c. the whole blood of smaller primates has greater , affinity than that of larger primates. d. larger primates ha2e more red blood cells than smaller primates do. e. the whole blood of smaller primates has the same  , affinity as that of larger primates. Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3= Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 3=. The e#posre of Daphnia to ,>poor water for days wold reslt in a. an increase in hemoglobin concentration. b. a change in the globin sbnits prodced. c. a decrease in the P 5 of the blood.


d. Both a and b e. All of the abo2e Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( pp. )3= ‒ )3* Bloom+s Category" ,. based respiration. c. the se of another type of respiratory pigment. d. an increased circlation rate. e. a lowering of their metabolic rate( along with general inacti2ity. Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3* Bloom+s Category" . E2alating 30. -n many cases( lowland people who tra2el to an area of high altitde for an e#tended period of time will de2elop a condition $nown as a. polycythemia. b. anemia. c. bradycardia. d. hypotension. e. pleritis. Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 30 Bloom+s Category" ,.

Bloom+s Category" ,. acid Bohr c. Haldane d. C, Bohr e. the dissociation Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" Carbon 'io#ide Transport( p. )71 Bloom+s Category" ,.

a. rapid anion e#change proteins. b. carbonic anhydrase. c. catalyLed hydration reactions. d. carbamate formation. e. the dissol2ing of C, in plasma. Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" Carbon 'io#ide Transport( p. )7, Bloom+s Category" ,.

e. alphastat shifting. Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" Acid ‒ Base &hysiology( p. )7 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying

%hort !nswer &uestions

1. -n what way can hemoglobin be considered an Phonorary enLymeQ? !nswer: %espiratory pigments ha2e been dbbed Phonorary enLymesQ becase many important properties of the respiratory pigments resemble those of enLyme proteins. -n terms of their main respiratory fnctions( they are not enL ymes. Howe2er( sometimes respiratory pigments can act as enLymes. -n mammals( deo#ymyoglobin and deo#yhemoglobin can catalyLe the local formation of nitric o#ide( a critically important signaling compond. Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( pp. )1* ‒ )10; The 4nction of %espiratory &igment in Animals( p. )37 Bloom+s Category" ,. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ), Bloom+s Category" ,. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),=


Bloom+s Category" ,. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating ). Compare and contrast the C, Bohr effect and the Haldane effect. !nswer: Both the C, Bohr effect and the Haldane effect ha2e to do with C, and hemoglobin( bt the focs of each effect is different. The C, Bohr effect concerns how C, concentration affects , loading on hemoglobin. Higher C, concentrations case the , affinity for hemoglobin to decrease. The Haldane effect concerns the effect of , concentration on C, loading and nloading. 'eo#ygenation of hemoglobin promotes C, pta$e( whereas o#ygenation promotes C, nloading. Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )35; Carbon 'io#ide Transport( p. )71 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating =. What is nie abot the respiratory pigments and circlatory , transport of the octops? !nswer: The respiratory pigment of the octops is hemocyanin. The main , circlation anomaly is that compared to mammals( octopses ha2 e 2irtally no 2enos reser2e( e2en while at rest. This means that dring e#ercise( o#ygen deli2ery to the tisses can be increased only by an increase in circlation. Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( pp. )3 ‒ )3) Bloom+s Category" ,.

primarily in the red blood cell. The anion transporters( primarily the band 3 protein( e#change HC3 ‒ in the cell for Cl ‒ otside the cell in a process $nown as the chloride shift. The entire process is re2ersed at the lng so that C, can be re>formed for e#halation. Te#tboo$ %eference" Carbon 'io#ide Transport( p. )7, Bloom+s Category" ,.
Online &ui' fro Copanion )ebsite

1. Which of the following statements regarding hemoglobin is false? a. -t binds to ,. b. -ts affinity to , can change. c. -t binds to , 2ia wea$( nonco2alent bonds. d. -t is a bffer. e. -t is primarily an enLyme. Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( pp. )1* ‒ )10 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating ,. How many molecles of , does a molecle of 2ertebrate blood hemoglobin normally bind? a. 1 b. , c. 7 d. * e. 15 Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( p. ),5 Bloom+s Category" ,.

e. Hemocyanin Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( p. ),, Bloom+s Category" 1. %emembering 7. Which of the following statements abot the for chemical classes of respiratory pigments is tre? a. All are metalloproteins. b. All bind re2ersibly with , at specific ,>binding sites associated with metal ions. c. All share the same heme strctre. d. Both a and b e. Both a and c Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( p. ),3 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating . -n people at rest( the appro#imate , satration of 2enos blood lea2ing the tisses is a. 155@. b. =@. c.  ml ,155 ml blood. d. 15 ml ,155 ml blood. e. @. Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ), Bloom+s Category" . Applying ). 'ring e#ercise( the body spplies , to the mscles by a. increasing mscle fiber declination. b. increasing blood flow. c. nloading more , to tisses from hemoglobin. d. Both b and c e. All of the abo2e Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( pp. ), ‒ ),) Bloom+s Category" ,. binding site cooperati2ity is e#pressed sing a mathematical inde# called the a. Bohr effect. b. 4ic$ inde#. c. %oot inde#. d. Haldane constant. e. Hill coefficient.


Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),= Bloom+s Category" 1. %emembering *. Which word best describes the mechanism for the steep portion of the o#ygen dissociation cr2e? a. Cooperati2ity b. oading c. Co2alent d. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( pp. ),= ‒ ),* Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 0. The process by which low pH aids in the decreasing affinity of hemoglobin for , is called the ::::::: effect. a. Bohr b. %oot c. Haldane d. hemoglobin>shift e. re2erse Haldane Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" ,. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating 11. Which of the following does not affect the properties of the , dissociation cr2e? a. Temperatre b. C, c. pH d. ,(3>'&G e. Cardiac otpt Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( pp. ),0 ‒ )31


Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 1,. Which one of the following has the highest P 5? a. Hemoglobin at a lower>than>normal temperatre( sch as 3SC b. 4etal hemoglobin c. Hemoglobin in a hman residing at a high altitde for three wee$s d. /ormal hman hemoglobin e. Hemoglobin at a higher>than>normal pH( sch as =.) Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( pp. ),0 ‒ )33 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 13. A redction in the amont of , bond to Hb at satration cold be the reslt of the ::::::: effect. a. Bohr b. fi#ed>acid Bohr c. %oot d. Haldane e. re2erse Haldane Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )31 Bloom+s Category" ,. '&G a. increases hemoglobin ‒ , affinity. b. increases the nloading of , at tisses. c. permits increased physical e#ercise. d. increases the loading of , at the lngs. e. inhibits the Haldane effect. Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( pp. )3, ‒ )33 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 1. 'ring e#ercise( sids and octopses meet their , demand by a. drawing additional , from 2enos reser2e. b. increasing their circlation rate. c. increasing the affinity of hemoglobin for ,. d. decreasing the affinity of hemoglobin for ,. e. means of all of the abo2e processes. Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3 Bloom+s Category" ,.

a. arger primates tend to ha2e a lower Hb ‒ , affinity. b. 9maller primates tend to ha2e a lower P 5. c. arger primates tend to ha2e a higher P 5. d. 9maller primates tend to ha2e a lower Hb ‒ , affinity. e. /o relationship e#ists between primate siLe and Hb ‒ , affinity. Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3= Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 1=. Compared to o#ygenated blood( flly deo#ygenated blood has a. a higher affinity for C,. b. a lower affinity for C,. c. a higher affinity for bicarbonate. d. no difference. e. a lower affinity for ,. Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" Carbon 'io#ide Transport( p. )7, Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 1*. Bicarbonate created from C, in the red blood cell gets into the plasma a. throgh e#clsi2e bicarbonate channels. b. by diffsing across the red blood cell membrane matri#. c. 2ia chloride e#change. d. with the assistance of carbonic anhydrase( which shttles it into the plasma. e. 2ia acti2e transport in e#change for /a. Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" Carbon 'io#ide Transport( pp. )7, ‒ )73 Bloom+s Category" ,.

e. law of bffered reactions Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" Acid ‒ Base &hysiology( p. )77 Bloom+s Category" 1. %emembering


Animal Physiology Test Bank Chapter 24

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