Test Bank
by Brian Bagatto to accompany Animal Physiology, Physiology, Third Edition Hill • Wyse • Anderson
Chapter 2: Molecules and Cells in Animal Physiology 1. Which of the following is not part part of a cell membrane? a. Cholesterol b. hospholipid c. !bi"#itin d. $ntegral proteins e. %lycolipids Answer& c Te'tboo( )eference& Cell *embranes and $ntracell#lar *embranes+ pp. ,-+ , Bloom/s Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating -. A molec#le that consists of a polar portion and a nonpolar portion is said to be a. hydrophilic. b. an emergent property. property. c. hydrophobic. d. an integral protein. e. amphipathic. Answer& e Te'tboo( )eference& Cell *embranes and $ntracell#lar *embranes+ p. ,, Bloom/s Bloom/s Category& 1. )emembering ,. A sat#rated sat#rated hydrocarbon tends to a. contain no do#ble bonds. b. be more solid at colder temperat#res compared to an #nsat#rated hydrocarbon. c. contain many do#ble bonds. d. Both a and b e. Both b and c Answer& d Te'tboo( )eference& Cell *embranes and $ntracell#lar *embranes+ p. , Bloom/s Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding . Compared to fish fo#nd in lower temperat#re habitats+ fish that inhabit higher temperat#res tend to ha0e a. more sat#rated phospholipids in their brain synaptic membranes. b. more sat#rated phospholipids in their brain proteins. c. more #nsat#rated phospholipids in their brain synaptic membranes. d. more #nsat#rated phospholipids in their brain proteins. e. e"#al amo#nts of sat#rated and #nsat#rated brain proteins.
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Answer& a Te'tboo( )eference& Cell *embranes and $ntracell#lar *embranes+ p. , Bloom/s Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying . Which of the following membrane proteins is responsible for the passi0e mo0ement of 5 6 across the typical animal cell membrane? a. Channel b. En7yme c. Transporter d. )eceptor e. 4tr#ct#ral protein Answer& a Te'tboo( )eference& Cell *embranes and $ntracell#lar *embranes+ p. , Bloom/s Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding 8. When a protein is denat#red+ which of the following str#ct#res is disr#pted first? a. rimary b. 4econdary c. Tertiary d. 9#arternary e. Amino acid Answer& c Te'tboo( )eference& Cell *embranes and $ntracell#lar *embranes+ p. , Bloom/s Bloom/s Category& 1. )emembering :. Which of the following is not a a type of f#nctional membrane protein? a. An a"#eo#s pore b. Cholesterol c. The ;a6 <5 6 p#mp d. A receptor protein e. Cytos(eletal filaments Answer& b Te'tboo( )eference& Cell *embranes and $ntracell#lar *embranes+ p. , Bloom/s Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating =. A ring of >>>>>>> demarcates the apical s#rface of the cell from its lateral and basal s#rfaces. a. tight #nctions b. septate #nctions c. gap #nctions d. epithelia e. micro0illi Answer& a Te'tboo( )eference& Epithelia+ p. ,= Bloom/s Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding
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@. Which of the following is not an occl#ding #nction? a. %ap #nction b. Tight #nction c. 4eptate #nction d. Both a and b e. Both b and c Answer& a Te'tboo( )eference& Epithelia+ p. ,@ Bloom/s Category& 1. )emembering 13. >>>>>>> is are the specific set of processes by which comple' chemical compo#nds are bro(en down to release energy+ create smaller chemical b#ilding bloc(s+ or prepare chemical constit#ents for elimination. a. *etabolism b. Catabolism c. Anabolism d. ;itrogen metabolism e. Biochemical reactions Answer& b Te'tboo( )eference& Elements of *etabolism+ p. 3 Bloom/s Category& 1. )emembering 11. er gram+ the leopard frog can #mp farther per #mp compared to the western toad beca#se the leopard frog a. is insensiti0e to lactic acid. b. tends to li0e in warmer climates. c. has a higher aerobic capacity. d. creates more lactic acid per #nit time. e. is m#ch larger. Answer& d Te'tboo( )eference& En7yme #ndamentals+ pp. 3D1 Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding 1-. Which of the following statements regarding en7ymes is false? a. All en7ymes are catalysts. b. En7ymes ha0e s#bstrates and prod#cts. c. En7ymes speed chemical reactions. d. All catalysts are en7ymes. e. En7ymes often reg#late reactions. Answer& d Te'tboo( )eference& En7yme #ndamentals+ p. 1 Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating 1,. Which of the following reactions is cataly7ed by FH? a. yr#0ic acid 6 ;AFH- G lactic acid 6 ;AF b. actic acid 6 ;AF G pyr#0ic acid 6 ;AFH-
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c. yr#0ic acid 6 ;AF G lactic acid 6 ;AFH d. actic acid 6 ;AFH- G pyr#0ic acid 6 ;AF e. Both a and b Answer& e Te'tboo( )eference& En7yme #ndamentals+ pp. 1+ 8 Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying 1. The amo#nt of s#bstrate con0erted to prod#ct per #nit of time is called the a. t#rno0er n#mber. b. sat#rated speed. c. V ma'. d. en7yme affinity. e. reaction 0elocity. Answer& e Te'tboo( )eference& En7yme #ndamentals+ p. Bloom/s Category& 1. )emembering 1. T#rno0er n#mber k cat describes what property of an en7ymatic reaction? a. Acti0ation energy b. Half the ma'im#m reaction 0elocity c. Catalytic effecti0eness d. En7yme
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Te'tboo( )eference& En7yme #ndamentals+ pp. ,D Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying 1=.D--. )efer to the fig#re below.
1=. Which of the following represent the best labels for the x a'is and the y a'is in the fig#re? a. x s#bstrate concentrationI y reaction 0elocity b. x en7yme concentrationI y reaction 0elocity c. x timeI y s#bstrate concentration d. x timeI y en7yme
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Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying -1. $n the fig#re+ which region best represents the K m of the highest affinity en7yme? a. A b. B c. Firectly below B on the xJa'is d. F e. Answer& c Te'tboo( )eference& En7yme #ndamentals+ p. Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying --. $f more en7yme is added to the reaction system of line C in the diagram+ which of the following will be the li(ely o#tcome? a. The c#r0e of line C wo#ld shift toward line B. b. The V ma' will increase. c. K m will decrease. d. a+ b+ and c e. ;one of the abo0e Answer& d Te'tboo( )eference& En7yme #ndamentals+ p. Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying -,. An interaction in which the binding of nons#bstrate ligands to the en7yme decreases its affinity for the s#bstrate is called a. allosteric inhibition. b. negati0e cooperati0ity. c. heterotropic cooperati0ity. d. allosteric acti0ation. e. competiti0e inhibition. Answer& a Te'tboo( )eference& En7yme #ndamentals+ p. Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding -. H#man FHJB and rat FHJB are e'amples of a. iso7ymes. b. analogo#s en7ymes. c. isoen7ymes. d. intraspecific en7yme homologs. e. interspecific en7yme homologs. Answer& e Te'tboo( )eference& En7yme #ndamentals+ pp. 8D: Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding -. An en7ymeJencoding gene is considered to be >>>>>>> within a cell if the gene res#lts in the synthesis of the encoded en7yme within that same cell.
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a. promoted b. e'pressed c. ind#ced d. enhanced e. constit#ted Answer& b Te'tboo( )eference& )eg#lation of Cell #nction by En7ymes+ p. = Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding -8. >>>>>>> en7ymes are present in a tiss#e in relati0ely high and steady amo#nts regardless of conditions+ whereas >>>>>>> en7y mes are present at low le0els or not at all in a tiss#e #nless their synthesis is acti0ated. a. $nd#cibleI constit#ti0e b. romotableI ind#cible c. Constit#ti0eI e'pressed d. Constit#ti0eI ind#cible e. E'pressedI promotable Answer& d Te'tboo( )eference& )eg#lation of Cell #nction by En7ymes+ p. = Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding -:. Which of the following statements regarding allosteric mod#lation is false? a. The binding of an allosteric mod#lator follows the law of mass action. b. The binding of an allosteric mod#lator is re0ersible. c. An allosteric mod#lator+ when present+ will always bind to the en7yme it mod#lates. d. The binding of an allosteric mod#lator can increase the catalytic acti0ity of the en7yme. e. The binding of an allosteric mod#lator can decrease the catalytic acti0ity of the en7yme. Answer& c Te'tboo( )eference& )eg#lation of Cell #nction by En7ymes+ p. @ Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating -=. Citrate combines with phosphofr#cto(inase at the >>>>>>> site+ #ltimately >>>>>>> catalytic acti0ity and th#s reg#lating glycolysis. a. allostericI increasing b. allostericI decreasing c. acti0eI increasing d. acti0eI decreasing e. co0alentI increasing Answer& b Te'tboo( )eference& )eg#lation of Cell #nction by En7ymes+ p. 3 Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying -@. Which of the following is not in0ol0ed in co0alent mod#lation? a. hosphorylation
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b. rotein (inases c. 0an der Waals interactions d. En7ymes e. rotein phosphatases Answer& c Te'tboo( )eference& )eg#lation of Cell #nction by En7ymes+ p. 3 Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating ,3.D,1. )efer to the fig#re below.
,3. How many en7ymes are cataly7ing reactions? a. Kne b. Two c. Three d. o#r e. i0e Answer& c Te'tboo( )eference& )eg#lation of Cell #nction by En7ymes+ p. 3
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Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying ,1. According to fig#re+ a high amo#nt of prod#cts from the 5reb/s cycle co#ld act as >>>>>>> and res#lt in >>>>>>> of the o0erall reaction. a. promotersI acceleration b. co0alent mod#latorsI acceleration c. co0alent mod#latorsI inhibition d. allosteric mod#latorsI acceleration e. allosteric mod#latorsI inhibition Answer& e Te'tboo( )eference& )eg#lation of Cell #nction by En7ymes+ p. 3 Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying ,-. A protein (inase cataly7es the phosphorylation of another protein (inase+ which in t#rn cataly7es the phosphorylation of a third protein (inase. This series of m#ltiple en7yme se"#ences is an e'cellent e'ample of a. amplification. b. a rateJlimiting reaction. c. a series e'pression. d. ind#cing en7ymes. e. allosteric reg#lation. Answer& a Te'tboo( )eference& )eg#lation of Cell #nction by En7ymes+ p. 1 Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding ,,. The >>>>>>> isLare directly responsible for the a mplifying effects d#ring a second messenger cascade. a. receptors b. s#bstrates c. en7ymes d. cell membrane e. orthophosphate gro#ps Answer& c Te'tboo( )eference& )eg#lation of Cell #nction by En7ymes+ p. 1 Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding ,.D,. )efer to the fig#re below.
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,. Which of the following abiotic factors most li(ely e'plains the data in the fig#re? a. 4alinity b. FH e'pression c. Allele fre"#encies d. Temperat#re e. redation Answer& d Te'tboo( )eference& E0ol#tion of En7ymes+ pp. -D, Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying ,. The fig#re shows the a. fre"#ency distrib#tion of males and females. b. fre"#ency distrib#tion of two predators on (illifish. c. fre"#ency distrib#tion of two different alleles of the gene for FH. d. fre"#ency distrib#tion of two main diets of ( illifish. e. temperat#re tolerance of two s#btypes of (illifish. Answer& c Te'tboo( )eference& E0ol#tion of En7ymes+ pp. -D, Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying ,8.D,:. )efer to the fig#re below.
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,8. What is the best e'planation for why mammalian and fish FHJC en7ymes are shown to be so distantly related? a. *any separate gene d#plication e0ents created the C 0ersion of FH. b. The tree is based on FHJA relationships+ so it does not acc#rately show how closely related the HFJC 0ersions are to one another. c. The en7ymes were named before the act#al e0ol#tionary relationships were (nown. d. The tree is separated based on animal phyla+ not FH. e. All of the abo0e Answer& c Te'tboo( )eference& E0ol#tion of En7ymes+ pp. -D, Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying ,:. The diamonds refer to a. genetic di0ergence. b. gene d#plication.
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c. m#tations. d. a significant e0ol#tionary e0ent. e. speciation. Answer& b Te'tboo( )eference& E0ol#tion of En7ymes+ p. , Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying ,=. $n rats+ phosphoenolpyr#0ate carbo'y(inase acti0ity per gram of li0er significantly increases at birth and remains at the higher le0el for the life of the animal. This is an e'ample of en7ymatic change that ta(es place o0er an >>>>>>> time frame. a. ac#te b. chronic c. e0ol#tionary d. de0elopmental e.periodic according to a biological cloc( Answer& d Te'tboo( )eference& En7ymes Are $nstr#ments of Change in All Time rames+ p. Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying ,@. $f a protein in situ becomes partially denat#red beca#se of high temperat#re+ the denat#ration can be re0ersed by a a. molec#lar chaperone. b. heatJshoc( protein. c. stress protein. d. Both a and b e. All of the abo0e Answer& e Te'tboo( )eference& The ife and Feath of roteins+ p. Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding 3. Which of the following tags proteins for destr#ction? a. roteasome b. !bi"#itin c. hotocyte d. *olec#lar chaperone e. HeatJshoc( protein Answer& b Te'tboo( )eference& The ife and Feath of roteins+ p. Bloom/s Category& 1. )emembering 1. The process of absorbing pree'isting light and reJemitting it at longer wa0elengths is called a. biol#minescence. b. pigment aggregation. c. reflection. d. chromatophoration.
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e. fl#orescence. Answer& e Te'tboo( )eference& ight and Color+ p. Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding -. The ability of animals to change color in seconds or min#tes depends on the f#nction of a. photocytes. b. chromatophores. c. photoproteins. d. l#ciferin. e. l#ciferase. Answer& b Te'tboo( )eference& ight and Color+ p. 8 Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding ,. $ntracell#lar modification of acti0ity in response to an e'ternal signal is an e'ample of a. transd#ction. b. transformation. c. con0ersion. d. the electrochemical gradient. e. co0alent mod#lation. Answer& a Te'tboo( )eference& )eception and !se of 4ignals by Cells+ p. = Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding . E'tracell#lar signaling molec#les initiate their actions on a ce ll by binding with certain protein molec#les of the cell called a. ligands. b. peripheral proteins. c. integral proteins. d. receptors. e. str#ct#ral proteins. Answer& d Te'tboo( )eference& )eception and !se of 4ignals by Cells+ p. = Bloom/s Category& 1. )emembering . Which of the following statements regarding the ligandJgated receptor is false? a. The nat#rally occ#rring ligand can ca#se the associated protein channel to open. b. The nat#rally occ#rring ligand sho#ld bind irre0ersibly to the receptor #ntil it brea(s down. c. A similarly shaped foreign ligand can attach to the receptor and bloc( the nat#rally occ#rring ligand from binding. d. The receptor s#rface is #s#ally e'tracell#lar.
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e. A ligand can attach to the receptor and acti0ate an intracell#lar catalytic site on the same molec#le. Answer& b Te'tboo( )eference& )eception and !se of 4ignals by Cells+ pp. =D@ Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating 8. )eceptor proteins can bring abo#t all of the following cell#lar actions except a. reinforcing the str#ct#re of the membrane. b. opening a protein channel on the membrane. c. acti0ating an en7yme on the intracell#lar s#rface. d. combining with a ligand to initiate transcription. e. acti0ating a % protein. Answer& a Te'tboo( )eference& )eception and !se of 4ignals by Cells+ p. @ Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating :. The MJconoto'in inected into fish by the cone snail binds to and therefore bloc(s receptor sites on the m#scle membrane. This pre0ents a. an en7yme from being acti0ated. b. a % protein from being acti0ated. c. transcription from occ#rring. d. a channel from opening into the n#cle#s. e. a channel from opening. Answer& e Te'tboo( )eference& )eception and !se of 4ignals by Cells+ p. 83 Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying =. Which of the following reactions does not prod#ce an amplification? a. Acti0ation of a % protein by an acti0ated receptor b. ormation of cyclic A* by cataly7ing action of adenylyl cyclase c. Acti0ation of glycogen phosphorylase (inase by acti0e cA*Jdependent protein (inase d. Con0ersion of glycogen to gl#cose by acti0e glycogen phosphorylase e. All of the abo0e are amplifying reactions. Answer& e Te'tboo( )eference& )eception and !se of 4ignals by Cells+ p. 8Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating @. Which of the following is not considered a second messenger? a. Cyclic %* b. Cyclic A* c. Calci#m ions d. Epinephrine e. 1+-Jdiacylglycerol FA% Answer& d Te'tboo( )eference& )eception and !se of 4ignals by Cells+ p. 8,
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Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating 3. As a second messenger+ calci#m typically binds to a. calmod#lin+ and the comple' acti0ates protein (inases. b. a % protein to acti0ate general second messengers. c. cyclic A* to acti0ate cA*Jdependent protein (inases. d. nitric o'ide to acti0ate cytoplasmic g#anylyl cyclase. e. inositol triphosphate to acti0ate the endoplasmic retic#l#m. Answer& a Te'tboo( )eference& )eception and !se of 4ignals by Cells+ p. 8, Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding
Short Answer Questions
1. Fescribe what it means for a phospholipid to be amphipathic and how this feat#re is paramo#nt in the formation of the membrane. Answer: The cell membrane is composed of bilayer phospholipids+ which are amphipathic. This means that the molec#le consists of a polar part regional differences in charge+ and a nonpolar part lac(ing regional differences in charge. Beca#se water is by nat#re a polar molec#le+ the polar ends of the phospholipids contact the a"#eo#s sol#tions+ whereas the hydrophobic nonpolar ends of the phospholipids face each other+ forming the inner region of the membrane. Te'tboo( )eference& Cell *embranes and $ntracell#lar *embranes+ p. ,, Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding -. ro0ide a specific e'ample of how a membrane protein can be categori7ed as more than one f#nctional type. Answer: There are fi0e f#nctional types of membrane p roteins+ b#t a receptor protein+ as a prominent e'ample+ can be classified into more than one category. )eceptor proteins can also f#nction as channels+ transporters+ and en7ymes. Te'tboo( )eference& Cell *embranes and $ntracell#lar *embranes+ p. , Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying ,. Fescribe how epithelial cells control the transport of s#bstances between the apical and basal sides and th#s between different body regions. Answer: Epithelial cells are able to control and e0en mediate the transport of s#bstances between the apical and basal areas 0ia occl#ding #nctions between epithelial cells. 4#bstances m#st pass thro#gh the cell to cross the epithelia+ and this transcell#lar path can be highly controlled. Knly 0ery small molec#les may be able to pass thro#gh the occl#ding #nctions and th#s ta(e the paracell#lar path. Te'tboo( )eference& Epithelia+ p. ,@ Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding . Fefine the law of mass action and apply it to a real biochemical reaction.
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Answer: or a gi0en reaction of A 6 B N C 6 F+ the law of mass action states that if the compo#nds are o#t of e"#ilibri#m+ the reaction will proceed in the direction of e"#ilibri#m as dictated by the ratios of concen trations. or e'ample+ within glycolysis+ pyr#0ate typically forms lactic acid. Howe0er+ in the e0ent that lactic acid concentrations rise significantly+ the reaction can be re0ersed+ forming pyr#0ate from lactic acid. Te'tboo( )eference& En7yme #ndamentals+ pp. 1+ Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying
. Compare and contrast the factors affecting the rate of an en7ymatic reaction in a s#bstrate that is s#bsat#rated and one that is sat#rated or at V ma'. Answer: Both reaction 0elocities at V ma' and in reactions that are s#bsat#rated will be affected by the n#mber of acti0e en7yme molec#les present and the catalytic effecti0eness of each en7yme molec#le. Howe0er+ reaction 0elocities in s#bsat#rated reactions will also depend on the affinity of en7yme molec#les for the s#bstrate. Te'tboo( )eference& En7yme #ndamentals+ pp. -D, Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating 8. Fescribe how amplification wor(s in the cell and why it is important. Answer: $n the cell+ if any agent that is acti0ated is itself an en7yme+ it is ab le to cataly7e a reaction+ forming many prod#cts. $f these prod#cts are also en7ymes for other reactions+ the amplification process will be e'ponential. This is important in cell f#nction beca#se one receptor binding one ligand s#ch as epinephrine can amplify and bring abo#t a significant res#lt i.e.+ the creation of millions of gl#cose molec#les from glycogen. Te'tboo( )eference& )eg#lation of Cell #nction by En7ymes+ p. 1 Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding :. How does the (illifish demonstrate the presentJday operation of e0ol#tionary forces? Answer: The (illifish that li0e along the entire east coast of the !.4. show two different alleles of the gene for the B form of lactate dehydrogenase. 4ince these fish tra0el e'tensi0ely along the coast+ one wo#ld e'pect the alleles to be e0enly distrib#ted. The fact that different allele fre"#encies persist from place to place indicates that fish with different alleles #ndergo differential s#r0i0al and reprod#ctionOan e'ample of the wor(ing of presentJday e0ol#tionary forces. Te'tboo( )eference& E0ol#tion of En7ymes+ pp. -D Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying =. Compare and contrast biol#minescence and fl#orescence and describe the light prod#ction of the hydromed#san ellyfish Aequorea victoria. Answer: Both biol#minescence and fl#orescence can occ#r within a photocyte+ b#t in biol#minescence the light is prod#ced de novo. $n fl#orescence+ pree'isting light is absorbed and reJemitted at longer wa0elengths. $n the hydromed#san ellyfish+ cl#sters of photocytes prod#ce bl#e light. Howe0er+ the light emitted is green beca#se a green fl#orescent protein con0erts the emission wa0elengths. Te'tboo( )eference& ight and Color+ pp. D8 Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating
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@. ist and briefly describe the fo#r types of receptor proteins in0ol0ed in cell signaling. Answer: 1 igandJgated channels bind ligand so that channels can open for ions to pass thro#gh the cell membrane. - % protein receptors bind ligands and acti0ate a % protein system+ which is a comple' secondary messenger system that typically amplifies effects in the cell. , The en7ymeLen7ymeJlin(ed receptor binds a ligand on the e'tracell#lar s#rface which acti0ates the receptor protein. The acti0ated receptor protein is itself an en7yme that cataly7es a reaction+ typically on the intracell#lar side. The intracell#lar receptor is typically ho#sed inside the n#cle#s and the ligand #s#ally passes thro#gh the cell membrane and the n#clear membrane 0ia diff#sion. Knce the ligand attaches to the intracell#lar receptor+ the comple' initiates transcription by interacting with the F;A. Te'tboo( )eference& )eception and !se of 4ignals by Cells+ p. @ Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding 13. Fescribe how a simple ion s#ch as calci#m is #sed as a second messenger. Answer: Calci#m ions sometimes act as second messengers. $nositol triphosphate acti0ates a gated channel on the endoplasmic retic#l#m+ which releases calci#m into the cytoplasm. Calci#m then binds to the protein calmod#lin+ which can then acti0ate protein (inases or other en7ymes. Te'tboo( )eference& )eception and !se of 4ignals by Cells+ p. 8, Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding
Online Quiz from Companion Wesite
1. Which of the following statements regarding brain phospholipids in fish is most acc#rate? a. Tropical fish tend to ha0e 0ery #nsat#rated phospholipids in their brain synaptic membranes. b. ish in 0ery cold habitats tend to ha0e 0ery sat#rated phospholipids in their brain synaptic membranes. c. The colder the habitat+ the greater the degree of phospholipid #nsat#ration in the brain synaptic membranes. d. The degree of phospholipid sat#ration in brain synaptic membranes is independent of habitat temperat#re. e. All of the abo0e statements are e"#ally acc#rate. Answer& c Te'tboo( )eference& Cell *embranes and $ntracell#lar *embranes+ p. , Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating -. Which of the following is not a f#nctional type of membrane protein? a. Transporter b. En7yme c. )eceptor d. 4tr#ct#ral e. )esistance Answer& e
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Te'tboo( )eference& Cell *embranes and $ntracell#lar *embranes+ p. , Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating ,. Which of the following cell |
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:. H#man FHJA and rat FHJA together are a good e'ample of a. iso7ymes. b. interspecific en7yme homologs. c. allosteric mod#lators. d. positi0e cooperati0ity. e. ligands. Answer& b Te'tboo( )eference& En7yme #ndamentals+ pp. 8<: Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying =. An animal is e'posed to halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons+ and as a res#lt+ its le0els of 3 en7ymes rise. This is an e'cellent e'ample of the action of a. a promotor. b. transcription factors. c. enhancers. d. constit#ti0e en7ymes. e. ind#cible en7ymes. Answer& e Te'tboo( )eference& )eg#lation of Cell #nction by En7ymes+ p. = Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying @. When an allosterically mod#lated en7yme is the rateJlimiting en7yme in a metabolic pathway+ the entire pathway may be #preg#lated or downreg#lated by allosteric mod#lation. The res#lt of downreg#lation of the entire pathway is called a. a branchJpoint reaction. b. feedbac( inhibition. c. positi0e feedbac(. d. co0alent mod#lation. e. phosphorylation. Answer& b Te'tboo( )eference& )eg#lation of Cell #nction by En7ymes+ pp. @D3 Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding 13. *#ltipleJen7yme se"#ences in which each en7yme in the se"#ence acti0ates another en7yme is an e'ample of a. the action of protein (inases. b. co0alent mod#lation. c. allosteric mod#lation. d. amplification. e. feedbac( inhibition. Answer& d Te'tboo( )eference& )eg#lation of Cell #nction by En7ymes+ p. 1 Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding 11. The e'ample of (illifish allele fre"#ency distrib#tion along the Atlantic coast describes en7yme changes o0er an >>>>>>> time frame.
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a. ac#te b. chronic c. e0ol#tionary d. de0elopmental e. reprod#cti0e Answer& c Te'tboo( )eference& E0ol#tion of En7ymes+ p. , Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying 1-. *olec#lar chaperones can be e'pressed d#ring a. heat stress. b. cold stress. c. hypo'ic stress d. Both a and b e. All of the abo0e Answer& e Te'tboo( )eference& The ife and Feath of roteins+ p. Bloom/s Category& ,. Applying 1,. $n a biol#minescent animal s#ch as the hydromed#sa ellyfish Aequorea victoria+ the photoprotein consists of a. l#ciferin. b. K-. c. a protein. d. Both b and c e. All of the abo0e Answer& e Te'tboo( )eference& ight and Color+ p. 8 Bloom/s Category& -. !nderstanding 1. Color change in fish depends on flattened pigmentJcontaining cells called a. pigment gran#les. b. photoproteins. c. chromatophores. d. photocytes. e. chromocytes. Answer& c Te'tboo( )eference& ight and Color+ p. 8 Bloom/s Category& 1. )emembering 1. Which of the following receptor proteins brings abo#t cascades of membrane proteins in0ol0ing significant amplification? a. igandJgated channel and % proteinDco#pled receptor b. % proteinDco#pled receptor c. En7ymeLen7ymeJlin(ed receptor and intracell#lar receptors d. % proteinDco#pled receptor and en7ymeLen7ymeJlin(ed receptor
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e. En7ymeLen7ymeJlin(ed receptor Answer& b Te'tboo( )eference& )eception and !se of 4ignals by Cells+ p. @ Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating 18. Which of the following receptor proteins changes membrane 0oltage immediately when acti0ated? a. igandJgated channel b. % proteinDco#pled receptor c. En7ymeLen7ymeJlin(ed receptor d. $ntracell#lar receptors e. % proteinDco#pled receptor and en7ymeLen7ymeJlin(ed receptor Answer& a Te'tboo( )eference& )eception and !se of 4ignals by Cells+ p. @ Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating 1:. Which of the following receptor proteins acti0ates en7ymes on the cell membrane? a. igandJgated channel and % proteinDco#pled receptor b. % proteinDco#pled receptor and en7ymeLen7ymeJlin(ed receptor c. En7ymeLen7ymeJlin(ed receptor and intracell#lar receptors d. igandJgated channel+ % proteinDco#pled receptor+ and en7ymeLen7ymeJlin(ed receptor e. igandJgated channel and intracell#lar receptors Answer& b Te'tboo( )eference& )eception and !se of 4ignals by Cells+ p. @ Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating 1=. Which of the following receptor proteins interacts with F;A? a. igandJgated channel b. % proteinDco#pled receptor c. En7ymeLen7ymeJlin(ed receptor d. $ntracell#lar receptors e. % proteinDco#pled receptor and en7ymeLen7ymeJlin(ed receptor Answer& d Te'tboo( )eference& )eception and !se of 4ignals by Cells+ p. @ Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating 1@. When epinephrine attaches to an >>>>>>>+ the process of >>>>>>> res#lts in the formation of a large amo#nt of intracell#lar >>>>>>>. a. % protein
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Bloom/s Category& . E0al#ating -3. Which of the following is not in0ol0ed at the cell membrane in a second messenger cascade? a. Adenylyl cyclase b. %#anylyl cyclase c. % protein
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