AP US History Outline- Chapter 3 I.
As more English English settlers settlers arrived arrived and pushed inland inland into into the Connect Connecticut icut River River valley, valley, the the fights between Indians and Whites got worse and more frequent. a. In 1637- English English settlers settlers annihila annihilate te Pequot Pequot tribe. After After this this there were were 4 years of uneasy peace between the Puritans and the Indians. b. Puritans Puritans tried to convert convert remaini remaining ng Indians Indians to Christiani Christianityty- didn’t didn’t care as much much as Catholics from France and Spain but got a few converts. c. 1675- Metacom Metacom forged forged an alliance alliance with with King Phillip Phillip then attacked attacked fifty-t fifty-two wo Puritan Puritan towns (many villages in New England) and destroyed 12. i. Called King Phillip’s War ii.Frontier settlements were hit the hardest iii.People that survived ran to Boston for safety iv.Hundreds of colonists died, but more Indians died v.Metacom’s wife and son were sent into slavery and he was beheaded. His head was carried on a pike to Plymouth to be displayed for years d. After king Phillip’s war the Indians were much less in number and were dispirited therefore only posed threats rarely
II.
1643- four colonies joined to form New England Confederation a. Made because: i. colonists had no help help from England because they they were in a war ii.to defend themselves against foes- mostly Indians, French and Dutch iii.Could get a slave or criminal in trouble if they ran way from a colony into another because they were all under the jurisdiction of the confederation most populous colony, b. Each colony had 2 votes—regardless of size Massachusetts Bay did not like this c. Was Was exc exclu lusi sive vely ly Puri Purita tan n d. Consisted Consisted of the two two Connectic Connecticut ut colonies colonies and the two two Massachuse Massachusetts tts colonies colonies e. Excluded Excluded specific specifically: ally: Rhode Rhode Island Island and MaineMaine- because because they had “too “too many many heretics and undesirable characters” ex. Maine made a tailor their mayor f. Was weak weak,, yet a milest milestone one on on the long long road road of of colon colonial ial unit unity y g. For a while while the colonie colonies s were neglect neglected ed by England England but later later on when when Charles Charles II was restored to the throne (1660) he took a more active hand in managing the colonies. He conflicted with the ideas of the colonists that they got used to while having relative independence h. Massachusetts was very rebellious against England Charles II gave an awesome charter to their rivals, Connecticut. He also gave Rhode Island (their outcasts) a new charter allowed to have religious tolerance. Finally, he revoked Massachusetts Bay colony’s charter.
III.
1686- Dominion of New England was created by royal authority in England (imposed from London unlike homegrown confederation) a. Included Included all New New England England & later later on- New York York and east east and west Jersey Jersey.. b. Wanted to strengt strengthen hen colonial colonial defense defense in case case of a war with Indians Indians (looked (looked like like the parliament had concern for the public good)
Purpose was to prevent states from having trade with other countries (not ruled by English crown) colonists became great at smuggling goods d. Sir Edmund Andros became head of dominion i. A smart English military man diligent, hard-working ii.Didn’t care about the colonists iii.Was open about his affiliation with the despised Church of England people didn’t like him iv.Laid heavy restrictions on the courts, press and schools v.Revoked all land titles vi.Taxed people without representation vii.Strove to support Navigation Laws and suppress smuggling e. Glorious Glorious (Bloodl (Bloodless) ess) Revolution Revolution (1688-1689) (1688-1689) in England England i. Catholic James II was removed from throne and Protestant ruler William III and his wife Mart became king and queen. Dominion collapsed. A Boston mob rose ii.News reached America against the existing govt. Sir Edmund tried to escape but they caught him and shipped him to England f. Massac Massachus husett etts s did not not actual actually ly gain gain from from this chan change. ge. i. 1691- became a royal colony old charter officially removed ii.Got a new royal governor iii.Voting was only allowed by qualified male property owners—no longer monopoly of church members g. Other colonies colonies wanted wanted to strike strike against against royal royal authority authority in America. America. After After period period of unrest in NY and Maryland (1689-91) newly appointed royal governors restored some order. h. New monarchs monarchs started started a period period of “salutary “salutary neglect neglect””- Navigation Navigation Laws Laws became became weakly enforced. i. More English English offic officials— ials—judges judges,, clerks, clerks, custom custom officials officials were were sent sent from from England England to staff America. i. They were incompetent, corrupt, did not care about American affairs ii.Sent by influential patrons in England iii.Prevented Americans from rising to positions of political power. c.
IV. Oppressed people in Netherlands revolted against Catholic Spain with help of Protestant Protestant England. They won their independence in the late seventeen hundreds. -Seventeenth century was golden age in Dutch history. a. It emerg emerged ed as a nava navall and comm commerc ercial ial powe power r b. Ungratefull Ungratefully y challenged challenged the the supremacy supremacy of England England (who helped helped them) them) c. AngloAnglo- Dutc Dutch h naval naval wars wars were were foug fought. ht. d. Dutch Republi Republic c became a leading leading colonial colonial power power with greatest greatest activit activities ies in the East Indies. Maintained an enormous and profitable empire there for over 300 years. e. Dutch East India Company was huge and powerful f. Employ Employed ed English English explo explorer rer Henry Henry Hudso Hudson n to make them them more more money money g. He explo explored red Delaw Delaware are Bay Bay and New New York York Bay in 1609 1609..
h.
Dutch West India Company was much less powerful but still made $
i. Had enterprise enterprises s in the Caribbean Caribbean ii.More interested in raiding (stealing from Spanish ships) than trading iii.Had outposts in Africa iv.Had a thriving sugar industry in Brazil v.Established New Netherland in the Hudson River area. 1. Was made made for quick-pr quick-profit ofit fur fur trade—didn’ trade—didn’tt really care care about about the land 2. Bought Manhattan Manhattan Island Island from from Indians Indians practi practically cally for free free (awesome investment) 3. New Amsterdam (later NYC) was a company town: run by/for Dutch company in the interest of stockholders a. Invest Investors ors had no enth enthusi usiasm asm for: for: i. religious religious tolerat toleration ion ii.Free speech speech iii.Democratic practices b. Quakers Quakers were were abused abused for for a while while as well as people people who who opposed the official Dutch Reformed Church. c. Local body (limited (limited law-ma law-making king power) power) was was made made in response to protests d. Was Was ver very y ari arist stoc ocra rati tic c i. Had vast feudal estates facing the Hudson river (called patroonships) 1. They They were were grante granted d to peopl people e who agre agreed ed to settle 50 people there. 2. Each Each was a little little bigg bigger er than than Rhode Rhode Isla Island. nd. e. Had many many dive diverse rse grou groups ps of peopl people e living living there there V. Too many vexation vexations s overwhelmed overwhelmed the Dutch Dutch company-co company-colony lony (New Netherl Netherlands) ands) a. Direct Directors ors were were incomp incompete etent nt b. Company Company shareholder shareholders s demanded demanded their their share even even if it was bad bad for the colonie colonies s well-being. c. Indians Indians had many many massacres massacres becaus because e of how cruell cruelly y the Dutch Dutch treated treated them them i. Settlers put up a wall in Manhattan to defend themselves from Indians (now called Wall Street) d. 3/4 states states in the the N.E Confede Confederation ration wanted wanted to to wipe out out New Netherl Netherlands, ands, but but Massachusetts (who had the troops) didn’t agree to it. e. Swedish Swedish people made a colony colony – New New Sweden, Sweden, on the Delaware Delaware River River (kind (kind of on Dutch territory) i. Dutch were angry- started war against New Sweden 1. Leader was Peter Peter Stuyvesant Stuyvesant (“Father (“Father Wooden Wooden Leg”) 2. Main Main fort fort fell fell after after a blood bloodles less s siege siege 3. Swedis Swedish h rule rule came came to a quick quick end 4. The coloni colonists sts from from there there became became part of New New Netherla Netherland nd
VI. New Netherland Netherland’s ’s Days on the Hudson Hudson were numbered numbered a. Why: i. lacked vitality and wasn’t really important to the Dutch ii.thousands of English people moved there (could take control from within) iii.English people regarded Dutch as intruders b. English, English, Charles Charles IIII gave gave the land land to his brother, brother, the Duke Duke of York York i. Peter Stuyvesant surrendered without a shot (because had no munitions) munitions) ii.New Amsterdam was renamed New York iii.Was still autocratic and even more aristocratic 1. Influential Influential,, land-owning land-owning famili families, es, had a disprop disproportion ortionate ate amount amount of power in the affairs of NY a. This discouraged discouraged many European European immigrants immigrants from settling settling there b. The phys physica icall growth growth of NY NY was slowed slowed iv.Dutch had an imprint on NY 1. Named places; places; such such as Brooklyn, Brooklyn, Harlem Harlem and Hell Gate 2. Influe Influence nced d archite architectu cture re – gambre gambrell roofs roofs 3. Starte Started d social social cust customs oms and folk folkway ways s a. East Easter er egg eggs s and and Sant Santa a Clau Claus s b. Waff Waffle les s and and sau sauer erkr krau autt c. Bowling, sleighing, skating and kolf (golf) VII. Quakers arise in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (1600’s) a. “quaked” under deep religious emotion- officially known as Religious Society of Friends b. Quakers were offensi offensive ve to authoriti authorities es both religi religiously ously and and civilly civilly i. Refused Refused to pay taxes to support church church of England ii.Took no oaths because Jesus said “swear not at all”- this was bad when govt. officials made people take oaths to make sure a person was not a Roman Catholic iii.Congregated without a paid clergy and “spoke up” in meeting when moved c. They hated strife strife and warfarewarfare- refused refused military military servic service e i. advocates of passive passive resistance- would just just turn their cheek and rebuild another meeting house after an enemy destroyed it
d. Had devotion devotion to principles principles-- fought for for religious religious and and civic freedom freedom e. Wil William liam Penn Penn i. Wanted to be a Quaker (1660) started at age 16- embraced faith and was persecuted ii.Courts called him “saucy and impertinent” (disrespectful) iii.During this time many Quakers were killed and fined iv.Hoped to establish an asylum for his people and to make a profit
1. Managed Managed to get get a ton of fertile fertile land land from from the king because because the king owed his father a lot of money and his father died 2. Called Called the area Pennsylvan Pennsylvania ia (named (named by the the king) king) 3. Advertised Advertised by by sending sending out pamphletspamphlets- for for people people to settle settle in PA. 4. Many immigrants immigrants came because because of his his liberal liberal land policy policy 5. He welcomed welcomed substan substantial tial citizen citizens s such as as carpenters carpenters,, masons, masons, shoemakers and more VIII.Pennsylvania becomes a colony (1681) a. Already Already had thousands thousands of of people people because because Dutch, Dutch, Swedish, Swedish, English English and and Welsh people were already scattered around the area b. Philadelphia Philadelphia was was carefully carefully planne planned d and as a result result was was attractiv attractive e and had wide wide streets c. Penn treated treated the natives natives (Indians (Indians)) extremely extremely well. well. For a short time time it seemed seemed that Pennsylvania would be a land of amicable Indian-white relations d. Many colonis colonists ts from from other coloni colonies es came to to PA, seeking seeking the the Quaker Quaker haven but but their tolerance ironically undid the Quaker Indian policy. How? i. Many of the new settlers settlers that came were feisty and didn’t treat the the Indians well because they didn’t believe in Quaker idealisms. e. PA was propriet proprietary. ary. Penn’s Penn’s regime regime was was extremely extremely liberal liberal and and included included a rep. assembly that was elected by the landowners. i. Freedom of worship worship to everyone everyone with exception of: 1. Jews and Catholic Catholics s who couldn’ couldn’tt vote or hold hold office. office. Why? Why? Penn Penn was forced by the pressure from England to deny them freedom of worship ii.Death penalty was only imposed for treason and murder (in England there were 200 + crimes that deserved death penalty) iii.Had no military, placed no restrictions on immigration and disliked black slavery. 1. Because Because of these these liberti liberties, es, PA attracted attracted a wide range range of ethnic ethnic groups. f. PA exported exported a lot of grain; made a high profit. profit. Had third third to to highest highest populati population on and wealth of any colonies after only 19 years. g. Penn Penn was wasn’ n’tt appr apprec ecia iate ted d i. His governors were incompetent and argued with with the people ii.Became too friendly with Catholic James II and was arrested for treason 3 times and was thrown into debtors prison iii.Had a paralytic stroke died full of sorrows h. New Jersey Jersey was was started started in 16641664- it was a small Quaker settl settlement ement next next to PA i. Two noble proprietors received received the land from the Duke of York ii.Many New Englanders went to NJ iii.Quakers eventually took over the area area (first West then East Jersey and then they were combined) IX. The Middle ColoniesColonies- New York, York, New Jersey, Delaware, Delaware, Pennsylvania
a. Had fertile fertile soil and and broad land withou withoutt a lot of rocksrocks- were called called “bread “bread colonies” colonies” because of their heavy exports of grain b. Had riversrivers- good for for fur-trade, fur-trade, beckoned beckoned adventure adventuresome some spirits spirits to come, come, but didn’t have enough waterfalls to have water-wheel power. c. Was the the intermedia intermediate te between between New New England England and and the Southern Southern Colonies Colonies i. Except in NY (aristocratic) landholding were intermediate intermediate in size (smaller (smaller than those in the South and bigger than in NE) ii.Government was less personal than in NE but more close knit than in South iii.Had fewer industries than in NE but more than in the South d. Had most most ethnic ethnicall ally y diverse diverse popul populati ations ons e. Had an unusual unusual degree degree of religio religious us tolerance tolerance and and democracy democracy (thanks (thanks to to the Quakers) f. Benjamin Benjamin Franklin Franklin was was a child child of the middle middle coloni colonies es (born in Boston Boston but but came came to life in Philadelphia when he was 17) X. Populations Populations in the colonies colonies were growing quickly. quickly. Transportat Transportation ion and communicati communication on were gradually improving. They ran their own governments and churches, for the most part. They had intercolonial trade. Americans realized that they were not merely surviving while being far from their mother country, but they were thriving.
