Computer Technology (From Analog to Digital Age) 1200 AD – Abacus It is the frst computing device developed by the Chinese. The abacus is made up o beads or pebbles arranged in rows that represent values to acilitate calculation. Up to the present, p resent, some Chinese merchants merchants still use the abacus aba cus 1614 – apier!s "one Inve Invent nted ed by John John Napi Napier er,, it can can per peror orm m mult multip ipli lica cati tion on and and divi divisi sion on.. It contains a set o stic!s which were bones, and used by placing them side by side. 16#2 – $ughtre%!s &li%e 'ule "eveloped by #illiam $ughtred, it consists o two movable rulers places side by side. %liding thee rulers can do multiplication and division. 1642 – ascaline achine &laise 'ascal, a (rench mathematician, invented this machine. )e used the prin princi cipl ple e o abac abacus us,, but but inst instea ead d o movi moving ng the the bead beads s manu manual ally ly,, it wor! wor!ed ed mechanically and can add and subtract by means o rotating ten*toothed wheels and cogs. 16*4 – +eibnit, Calculator (First Calculator) +ottr +ottrie ied d #ilhe #ilhelm lm von eibn eibnitit- impr improve oved d the wor! wor! o 'ascal. ascal. )e made made a machine that can perorm the our undamental operations adding, subtracting, multiplication, and division/ and even e0tract s1uare roots. 1-.0 – /acuar% +oom 2not 2n othe herr (rench enchma man n inve invent nted ed the the frst frst auto automa mati tic c weav weavin ing g loom loom that that introduced the use o punched cards. )e prepared a sti3 card in which the pattern o a weave was encoded using punched holes that indicated where the thread was to pass or s!ip in a weave. 1.00 – "oolean Algebra Contributed much in the design o switching circuits or 2U 2rithmetic ogic Unit/ o computers. 1.## – "abbage!s Dierence ngine Charles &abbage invented the frst automatic calculator. )e developed an idea idea o crea creati ting ng a mach machin ine e that that can can stor store e numb number ers s and and per peror orm m arit arithm hmet etic ic computations and logical operations. 1.-6 – 3illiam Thomson )e introduced the concept o automatic analog computer which was designed to solve comple0 di3erential di3erential e1uations. 1..- – erman ollerith )e invented the frst electro*mechanical system4 the machine helped in the completion o an 567 census. )e adapted the Jac1uard8s punched card device but his version involved the use o sti3 paper punched with holes. 9lectricity was used or the frst time in data da ta processing. 1*#0 – Dierential Analy,er It has the frst reliable analog computer and was developed by :annevar &ush. 1*44 – A'5 (Automatic &euence Controlle% Calculator)
The frst electro*mechanical digital computing machine called ;2<= I was developed by )oward 2i!en. )e revised the idea o &abbage, he thought that the analytical engine could be built using electromechanical power. )e proposed his wor! to I&; which led to the birth o ;2<= I.
1*47 – AC (lectronic umerical ntegrator an% Computer) It was the frst general*purpose and programmable electronic computer. "r. John #. ;auchly and J. 'resper 9c!ert introduced it. 9NI2C was a very powerul machine with the ability to perorm a single arithmetic operation in less than a second. It utili-ed 5,777 vacuum tubes that wor!ed simultaneously. The si-e o this machine re1uired a huge room. )owever the perormance cannot hold programs simultaneously. The storage capacity is 1uite small and could easily process one program at a time. 1*4* – D8AC (lectronic Discrete 8ariable Automatic Computer) It was the frst stored*program digital computer. This machine was more powerul than the 9NI2C. This was capable o storing programs inside the computer itsel. It can immediately read the ne0t program rom the computer storage4 thereore was able to perorm more than one operation at a time. 1*71 – 98AC (98ersal Automatic Computer)
was developed at "artmouth. 6?@ > I&; %ystemAB?7 was introduced 6? > The frst handheld calculator was produced. 6?6 > 2<'2N9T was established that led to development o the Internet. 67 > ;icroprocessor chips came into use4 Doppy dis! was introduced or storing data. 6E > (irst poc!et calculator was introduced 6*5 > 2pple II computer was unveiled. 65 > the E F Doppy dis! and 2tari )ome videogame were developed. 65 > I&; introduced personal computers. 65@ > 2pple ;acintosh, frst personal laser printer, des!top publishing were introduced. 66B > ;ultimedia des!top computer4 personal digital assistants prolierated. 66@ > 2pple and I&; introduced 'Cs with built*in ull*motion video, wireless data transmission or small portable computers4 web browser was invented. 66 > Computer Networ! was introduced 665*G777 > )ome video computers are used. Teleconerencing replaces a good portion o business travel.
2001:resent > better, aster 'Cs are made more a3ordable. Technological convergence has greatly changed liestyles. Communications technology dominates development at almost 1uantum leap speeds with the introduction o te0t messaging, internet surfng, video streaming, on*line gaming, interactive televiewing, and more via cellphones.
