TABLE OF CONTENTS
ARGUMENT...................................................................................2 SUMMARY....................................................................................2 THE STORY UNDER THE ‘BIG APPLE’ SKYLINE.................................. SKYLINE..................................3 3 HISTORY OF NEW YORK CITY.........................................................3 Lenape and New Netherland: prehistory – 1663...................................................4 British and revolution: 1664–1783.......................................................................5 Federal and early America: 1784–1854................................................................6 Tammany and consolidation: 1855–1897.............................................................6 Early 20th century: 1898–1945...........................................................................7 Post-World War II: 1946–1977.............................................................................9 Modern period: 1978–present.............................................................................9 Portrait...........................................................................................................10
Description of The Big Apple................... Apple.................................. ............................. ............................ ............................. ...............................10 ................10 Social Life....................... Life...................................... ............................. ............................ ............................. ................................................... ........................................12 ....12
A NEW YORK STATE OF MIND............................................... MIND.......................................................15 ........15 Cultural Life.....................................................................................................15
Entertainment Entertainment and performing arts...................... arts.................................... ............................. ............................. ............................ ...................15 .....15 Tourism..................... Tourism................................... ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................. ..................................16 ...................16 Media..................... Media................................... ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................. .....................................17 ......................17 Cuisine.................. Cuisine................................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................. ............................. .....................................18 .......................18 Accent..................... Accent................................... ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................. ............................. .....................18 .......18 Sports....................... Sports..................................... ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................................ .............................. ....19 City Sights...................... Sights..................................... ............................. ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................19 ..............19 Broadway theatre................... theatre................................. ............................. ............................. ............................ ............................................... ..................................24 .24 Wall Street................... Street.................................. ............................. ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................................24 ..............................24 Entertainment..................................................................................................25
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Music and Film........................ Film...................................... ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................ .................................25 ...................25 NYC Nightlife............... Nightlife............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................ ..............................26 ................26
GLORIOUS HORIZONS.......................... HORIZONS......................................................... ........................................ .........27 27 CONCLUSION..............................................................................28 BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY & RESOURCES................................................29 RESOURCES................................................29
Argument A city city of superl superlati atives ves and mind-b mind-blow lowing ing contras contrasts, ts, the ‘City ‘City That That Never Never Sleeps’, NYC or the ‘Big Apple’ are just some of the numerous ways New York can be called. The most exciting city in the whole territory of the United Stat State es, its its unof unoffi fici cial al capi capita tall of cult cultur ure e and and busi busine ness ss and and the the nati nation on’s ’s trendsetter, will represent the subject of my certification paper. One of the main reasons I chose this topic is the fact that I find New York City the the most most amaz amazin ing g plac place e I have have ever ever visi visite ted. d. It ench enchant anted ed me from from the the momen omentt I lande anded d on JFK airp airpor ort. t. The The fre fresh face faces s of the peop peoplle, the the extravagant culture and also the language instantly grew on me and made me think that this American city represents a whole new world of dreams and opportunities. I instantly bound to this colorful and vivid city, being stunned not only by the open-mindedness of the people, but also the refreshing air of rebelliousness and freedom. It struck me as a city of choice and luxury, but extremely permissive at the same time, since all you need is a sparkle of courage and sharpness in order to build a brilliant future.
Summary
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The first chapter, ‘The Story Under the Big Apple Skyline’ consists of detalied facts regarding the history of the city of New York, followed by a geographical and social description. The second part tackles different aspects from today’s New York, regarding not only entertainment, but also culture. Apart from the most important city sights and places to visit, it also includes short descriptions of main events and places where you can sit back , relax and enjoy the night. The last chapter, ‘Glorious Horizons’ presents expectations in New York City’s future, based on its economic and social state in the present.
The Story Under the ‘Big Apple’ Skyline History of New York City The history of New York City begins with the Wappinger, Wappinger, a Lenape people, who were Algonquian speaking Native Americans that inhabited Manhattan prior to the arrival of explorer Giovan Giovanni ni da Verraz Verrazzan zano o in 1524 1524.. The founding as "New "New Amsterdam" Amsterdam" by the Dutch in 1624 and the period of English rule and its renaming as "New "New York City" City" in 1664 fol follow lowed. The The city ity was the the loc locatio ation n for for multiple battles of the American Revolutionary War, War, and served as the capital of the United States until 1790. Modern New Yor York k city city trac traces es its its deve develo lopm pmen entt to the the consolidation of the five boroughs in 1898 and an economic and building boom following following the Great Depression Depression and World
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War II. II. Throughout its history, New York City has served as a main port of entry for many immigrants, immigrants, and its cultural and economic influences have made it one of the most important urban areas in the United States, and the world.
Lenape and New Netherland: prehistory – 1663 Prehistory in the area began with the geological formation of the peculiar territory of what is today New York City. Manhattan island may have been inhab inhabit ited ed by the the Wappinger band band of Lenape, Lenape, the the prima primari rily ly sede sedent ntar ary y indigenous Native American people of the area; they ranged the surrounding river valley and assembled seasonal settlements on Manhattan, where they grew maize on communal land and fished the abundant waters. They also maint aintai aine ned d thei heir ance ancest stra rall buri burial al grou ground nds s there here.. The They deve develo lope ped d sophisticated techniques of hunting and managing their resources. By the time time of the the arriv arrival al of Euro Europe peans ans,, the the Lenap Lenape e were were cult cultiv ivat atin ing g fiel fields ds of vegeta vegetati tion on throug through h the slash slash and burn burn techni technique que,, which which extend extended ed the productive life of planted fields. They also harvested vast quantities of fish and and shel shellf lfis ish h from from the the bay. bay. It has has been been esti estima mate ted d that that at the the time time of Europe European an settle settlemen mentt there there were were approxi approximat mately ely 15,00 15,000 0 Lenape Lenape total total in approximately 80 settlement sites around the region. Lenape in canoes met Giovann Giovannii da Verraz Verrazzan zano o, the the firs firstt Euro Europe pean an expl explor orer er to ente enterr New New York York Harbor, Harbor, in 1524. He is not thought to have traveled further than the present site of the bridge that bears his name. name. Henry Hudson later more thoroughly explored and mapped the area. Euro Europe pean an sett settle leme ment nt bega began n with with the the foun foundi ding ng of a Dutch fur tradin trading g settlement in Lower Manhattan in 1613 later called New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam) in the southern tip of Manhattan in 1625. Soon thereafter, most likely in 1626, construction of Fort of Fort Amsterdam began. Willem Willem Kieft became director director general general in 1638 1638,, but but five five year years s late laterr was was embroi embroiled led in Kief Kieft' t's s War War agai against nst the the Nativ Native e Amer Americ ican ans. s. The The Pavonia Massacre, Massacre, across the Hudson River in present day Jersey day Jersey City resulted in the death of eighty natives in February 1643. Following the massacre, eleven Algonquian tribes joined forces and nearly defeated the Dutch. Holland sent additional forces to the aid of Kieft, leading to the overwhelming defeat of the Native Americans, and a peace treaty on August 29, 1645. On May 27, 1647, Peter Peter Stuyvesant Stuyvesant was inaugurated as director general upon his arrival, and ruled as a member member of the Dutch Reformed Church. Church. The colo colony ny was was gran grante ted d self self-g -gov over ernm nmen entt in 1652 1652 and and New New Amste Amsterd rdam am was was formally incorporated as a city February 2, 1653.
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British and revolution: 1664–1783 In 1664, the English conquered the area and renamed it "New York" after the Duke Du ke of York York and and Alba Albany ny.. The The Dutch utch briefly regained it in 1673, renaming the city "New Orange", before permanently ceding the colony of New Netherland to the British for what is now Suriname in November 1674. Some area names are still reminisant of the Dutch period, most notably Flushing (Dutch town of Vlissingen) Vlissingen), Harlem (Dutch town of Haarlem) Haarlem) and Brooklyn (Dutch town of Breukelen). Breukelen). By 1700, the Lenape population of New York had diminished to 200. The new English rulers of the formerly Dutch New Amsterdam and New Netherland renam renamed ed the the sett settle leme ment nt New New York York.. As the the colo colony ny grew grew and prospered, sentiment also grew for greater autonomy. In the context of the Glorious Glorious Revolution Revolution in Englan England, d, Jacob Leisler Leisler led Leisler's Leisler's Rebellion Rebellion and effectively controlled the city and surrounding areas from 16891689-1691, 1691, before being arrested and executed. The rebellion laid bare class differences and some see it as a sort of precursor of the American Revolution. The 1735 libel trial of John John Peter Zenger in the city was a seminal influence on freedom of the press in North America. After a series of fires in 1741, the city became panicked about an AfricanAmerican plot to burn the city, conspiring with some whites. This was mostly a fabrication. Nevertheless, 101 blacks and 4 whites were convicted of arson; 13 blacks were burned alive, 4 whites and 18 blacks were hanged. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by George II of Great Britain as King's College in Lower Manhattan. The Stamp Act and other British measures fermented dissent, particularly among Sons of Liberty who maintained a long-running skirmish with locally stationed British troops over Liberty Poles from 1766 to 1776. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York City in 1765 in the first organized resistance to Brit Britis ish h auth author orit ity y acro across ss the the colo coloni nies es.. Afte Afterr the the majo majorr defe defeat at of the the Continental Army in the Battle of Long Island, Island, General George Washington withdrew to Manhattan Island, but with the subsequent defeat at the Battle of Fort Washington the island was effectively left to the British. New York City was was grea greatl tly y damage damaged d twic twice e by fires of suspic suspiciou ious s origin origin during during British military rule. The city became the political and military center of operations
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in North America for the remainder of the war, and a haven for Loyalist refugees. Continental Army officer Nathan Hale was hanged in Manhattan for espionage. espionage. In addition, the British began to hold the majority of captured American prisoners of war aboard prison ships in Wallabout Bay, Bay, across the East River in Brooklyn. Brooklyn. More Americans lost their lives from neglect aboard these ships than died in all the battles of the war. British occupation lasted until November 25, 1783. George Washington triumphantly returned to the city that day, as the last British forces left the city. city.
Federal and early America: 1784–1854 In 1785 the Congress met in New York City under the Arti Articl cles es of Confederation, Confederation, making it the first national capital of the United States, and the United States Constitution created the current Congress of the United States, States, first sitting at Federal Hall on Wall Street. The first United States Supreme Court sat, the United States Bill of Rights was drafted and ratified, and with the Northwest Ordinance the first steps to expanding the United States took place there. New York City became the first capital of the newly formed United States on September 13, 1788 under the U.S. Constitutional Convention. Convention. On April 30, 1789 1789 the the first first Presid President ent of the United United States States,, Georg George e Washin Washingto gton, n, was inaugurated at Federal Federal Hall on Wall Street. Street. New York City remained the capi apital tal of the the U.S. U.S. unt until 1790, when hen the the hono honorr was tran transf sfer erre red d to Philadelphia. Philadelphia. New New York York grew grew as an econ econom omic ic cent center er,, firs firstt as a resu result lt of Alexander Hamilton's Hamilton's policies and practices as the first Secretary of the Treasury and, late later, r, with with the the open openin ing g of the the Erie Erie Canal Canal in 1825 1825,, which which connec connected ted the Atlantic port to the vast agricultural markets of the North American interior. Immigration resumed after being slowed by wars in Europe, and a new street grid system expanded to encompass all of Manhattan. The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants, and by 1850, the Irish comprised one quarter of the city's population. Government instituti institutions, ons, including including the New York City Police Department and the public schools, schools, were established in the 1840s and 1850s to respond to growing demands of residents.
Tammany and consolidation: 1855–1897 This period started with the 1855 inauguration of Fernand Fernando o Wood Wood as the the firs firstt mayor ayor from from Tammany Tammany Hall, an Irish Irish immigr immigrant ant-sup -suppor ported ted
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Democrati Democratic c Party political political machine machine that that woul would d domi domina nate te loca locall poli politi tics cs throughout this period. During the 19th century, the city was transformed by immigration, a visionary development proposal called the Commissioners' Plan Plan of 1811 1811,, wh whic ich h expan expande ded d the the city city stre street et grid grid to enco encomp mpas ass s all all of Manhattan,and the opening of the Erie Canal, Canal, which connected the Atlantic port to the vast agricultural markets of the Midwestern United States and Canada in 1825. By 1835, New York City had surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States. Public-minded members of the old merchant aris aristo tocr cracy acy pres presse sed d for for a Centr Central al Park Park, wh whic ich h was was open opened ed to a desi design gn comp compet etit itio ion n in 185 1857; it woul would d beco become me the the firs firstt land landsc scap ape e park park in an American city. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), (1861–1865), the city's strong commercial ties to the South, South, its growing immigrant population, and anger about conscription led to divided sympathy for both the Union and Confederacy, Confederacy, culminating in ] the Draft Riots of 1863. 1863. After the Civil War, the rate of immigration from Europe grew steeply, and New York became the first stop for millions seeking a new and better life in the United States, a role acknowledged by the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in 1886. In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then an independent city), Manhattan and outlying areas. Manhattan and the Bronx, Bronx, though still one county, were established as two separate boroughs and joined together with three other boroughs created from from parts parts of adjace adjacent nt counti counties es to form form the new munic municipa ipall govern governmen mentt originally called "Greater New York". The Borough of Brooklyn incorporated the the inde indepe pend nden entt City City of Broo Brookl klyn, yn, rece recent ntly ly join joined ed to Manh Manhat atta tan n by the the Brooklyn Bridge, Bridge, and several municipalities in eastern Kings County, New York; York; the Borough of Queens of Queens was created from western Queens County (with the remnant established as Nassau County in 1899); and The Borough of Staten Island contained all of Richmond of Richmond County. County. All municipal (county, town and city) city) govern governme ments nts contai contained ned withi within n the boroug boroughs hs were were aboli abolishe shed. d. In 1914, the New York State Legislature created Bronx county, making five counties coterminous with the five boroughs.
Early 20th century: 1898–1945 In June 15, 1904 over 1,000 people, mostly German Immigrants, were killed when when the steams steamship hip General General Slocum Slocum caug caught ht fire fire and and burn burned ed on North Brother Brother Island, Island, in the East East River River;; and and on Marc arch 25, 1911 the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in Greenwich Village took the lives of 146 garment workers, which would eventually lead to great advancements in the city's fire department, building codes, and workplace regulations.
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A seri series es of new new trans transpo port rtat atio ion n link links, s, most most nota notabl bly y the the New New York York City City Subw Subway ay,, firs firstt open opened ed in 1904 1904,, help helped ed bind bind the the new new city city together. The height of European immigration brought social upheaval. Later, in the 1920s, the city saw the influx of African Americans as part of the Great Migration from the American South, South, and the Harlem Renaissance, Renaissance, part of a larger boom time in the Prohibition era that saw dueling skyscrapers in the skyline. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication. Interborough Rapid Transit (the first New York subway company) began operating in 1904, and the railroads operating out of Grand of Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station thrived. New York York City's City's ever ever accele accelerat rating ing change changes s and rising rising crime crime and povert poverty y rates rates ended ended when when Worl World d War War I disrup disrupted ted trade trade routes routes,, the Immigration Restriction Acts limited additional immigration after the war, and the Great Depression ended the need for new labor. The combination ended the rule of the the Gu Guil ilde ded d Ag Age e baron barons. s. As the the city city's 's demo demogr grap aphi hics cs stabi stabili lize zed, d, labo laborr unionization brought new protections and affluence to the working class, the city's government and infrastructure underwent a dramatic overhaul under Fiorello La Guardia, Guardia, and his controversial parks commissioner, Robert Moses, Moses, ended the blight of many tenement areas, expanded new parks, remade stre street ets, s, and and rest restri rict cted ed and reor reorgan ganiz ized ed zoning controls. controls. In the 1920s, New York City was a major destinatio destination n for African African Americans Americans during the Great Migration Migration from from the the Amer Americ ican an South. The Harlem Renaissance flourished duri during ng the the era era of Prohibition, Prohibition, coinciden coincidentt with a larger economic boom that saw the skylin skyline e develo develop p with with the constr construct uction ion of competing skyscrapers. skyscrapers. For a while, New York City became the most populous city in the world, starting in 1925 and overtaking London, London, which had reigned for a centur century. y. The difficul difficultt years years of the Great Depression Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance. Despite the effects of the Great Depression, Depression, the 1930s saw the building of some some of the the worl world' d's s tall talles estt skysc skyscra rape pers rs,, incl includ udin ing g nume numero rous us Art-Deco masterpieces that are still part of the city's skyline today. Both before and after World War II, vast areas of the city were also reshaped by the rise of
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the the brid bridge ges, s, park parks s and and park parkwa ways ys coor coordi dina nate ted d by Mose Moses, s, the the grea greate test st proponent of automobile-centered modernist urbanism in America. In 1938 the political designation "ward " ward"" was abolished.
Post-World War II: 1946–1977 Returning World War II vetera veterans ns and immig immigrant rants s from from Europe Europe create created d a postwar economic boom and led to the development of huge housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war as the leading city of the world, with Wall Stre Street et lead leadin ing g Amer Americ ica's a's asce ascend ndan ancy cy and, and, in 1951 1951,, the the United United Nations Nations relocated from its first headquarters in Flushing Meadows Park, Park, Queens, to [24] the East Side of Manhattan. During the 1960s, the views of real estate developer and city leader Robert Moses began to fall out of favor as the antiUrban Renewal views of Jane Jane Jacobs gained popularity. Citizen rebellion killed a plan to construct an expressway through lower Manhattan. Like many major U.S. cities, New York suffered race riots, gang wars and population and industrial decline in the 1960s. Street activists and minority groups like the Black Panthers and Young Lords took matters into their own hands and organized rent strikes and garbage offensives, demanding city serv servic ices es for for poor poor area areas. s. They They also also set set up free free heal health th clin clinic ics s and and othe otherr programs, as a guide for organizing and gaining "Power to the People." By the 1970s the city had also gained a reputation as a crime-ridden relic of history. In 1975, the city government avoided bankruptcy only through a federal loan and debt restructuring by the Municipal Assistance Corporation, headed headed by Felix Felix Rohatyn Rohatyn.. The The city city was was also also forc forced ed to acce accept pt incr increa ease sed d financial scrutiny by an agency of New York State. State. In 1977, the city was struck by the twin catastrophes of the New York City blackout of 1977 and the Son of Sam serial murderer's continued slayings. These events were perhaps the impetus to the election of Mayor Ed Koch, Koch, who promised to revive the city.
Modern period: 1978–present The 1980s saw a rebirth of Wall of Wall Street, Street, and the city reclaimed its role at the cent center er of the the worl worldw dwid ide e finan financi cial al indu indust stry. ry. Un Unem empl ploy oyme ment nt and and crim crime e remained high, the latter reaching peak levels in some categories around the close of the decade and the beginning of the 1990s. The city later resumed its social and economic recovery, bolstered by the influx of Asians, Latin Americans, and U.S. citizens, and by new crimefighting techniques on the part of the NYPD. In the late 1990s, the city benefited from the success of
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the financial sectors, such as Silicon Alley, Alley, during the dot com boom, boom, one of the factors in a decade of booming real estate values. New York's population reached an all-time high in the 2000 census; census ; according to census estimates since 2000, the city has continued to grow, including rapid growth in the most urbanized borough, Manhattan. During this period, New York City was also a site of the September 11, 2001 attacks; attacks ; over 2,000 people were killed by a terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, Center, an event considered considered highly traumatic for the city but which did not stop the city's rapid regrowth.
Portrait Description of The Big Apple New York is the most populous city in the United States, and the center of
the New New York York metr metrop opol olit itan an area area,, which is one of the most most populo populous us metropoli metropolitan tan areas in the world. A leading global city, city, New York exerts a powerf powerful ul influe influence nce over over global global commer commerce, ce, finance finance,, media, media, cultur culture, e, art, art, fashi fashion on,, rese researc arch, h, educ educat atio ion, n, and and ente entert rtai ainm nmen ent. t. As host host of the the United Nations Headquarters, Headquarters, it is also an important important center for internatio international nal affairs. The city is often referred to as New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the state of New York, York, of which it is a part. Located Located on a large natural harbor on the Atlantic coast of the Northeastern United United States States, the the city city cons consis ists ts of five five boroughs: boroughs: The The Bronx Bronx,, Brooklyn, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Manhattan, Queens, Queens, and Staten Island. Island. The city's 2008 estimated population exceeds 8.3 million, and with a land area of 305 square miles (790 km2), New York City is the most densely populated major city in the United States. The New New York York metr metrop opol olit itan an area area's 's popu popula lati tion on is also also the the nati nation on's 's larg larges est, t, 2 estim estimate ated d at 19.1 19.1 millio million n people people over over 6,720 6,720 square square miles miles (17,4 (17,400 00 km ). Furthermore, the Combined Statistical Area containing the greater New York metrop metropoli olitan tan area area cont contai aine ned d 22.2 22.2 mill millio ion n peop people le as of 2009 2009 Cens Census us estimates, also the largest in the United States. Many Many dist distri rict cts s and and land landm marks arks in the the city city have have beco become me well well know known n to outsiders. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants of immigrants as they came to America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Times centuries. Times Square, Square, iconified as "The Crossroads of the World", is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broad Broadwa way y thea theate terr district, one of the world's busiest pedestri stria an intersections, and a major center of the world's entertainment industry. industry. Wall Street, Street, in Lower Manhattan, Manhattan, has been a premier global financial center since
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World War II and is home to the New York York Stock Stock Exchan Exchange ge,, the world's large argest st sto stock excha xchang nge e by mark market et capi capita tali liza zati tion on of its its listed companies. The original Manhattan Chinatown attracts throngs of tourists to its bustli bustling ng sidew sidewalk alks s and retail retail esta establ blis ishm hmen ents ts.. Worl Worldd-cl clas ass s resear research ch univer universit sities ies such such as Columbia Columbia University University and New York University University also reside in New York City. New York City consists of five boroughs (each one is, in fact, a ‘big city’ in itself) with their own unique culture an d traditions.
It is located between the Hudson and East Rivers. It is the most famous isla island nd,, with with maxi maximu mum m intere interest st for the touris tourists ts and unique neighborhoods. Brooklyn - It is located across the East River at south east of Manhattan. Queens - It is a U-shaped county located to east of Manhattan, across the East River and north, east and south of Brooklyn. It consists of two international airports, the New York Mets professional baseball team, the United States Open Tennis Center, the famous Flushing Meadows – Corona Park, site of two World’s Fairs, the country’s second largest Chinatown and much more. The Bronx - It is located to the North of Manhattan Island. This part of NY is well connected to the U.S. continent. Staten Staten Island Island - It is loca locate ted d with within in New New York York harb harbor or,, acro across ss the the narrow Kill Van Kull from New Jersey. It is situated at the south of Manhattan. Manhattan
Climate in New York is of humid subtropical type that varies from season to season. Spring and autumn seasons vary from snowy to hot and humid and
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can also be cold, cool or rainy. Summer season in New York is warm and humid. Hurricanes and tropical storms are pretty rare, but there is a slight possibility for them to strike.
Social Life New New York York City City take takes s prid pride e in its its popu popula lati tion on of no less less than than 8,3 8,3 mill millio ion n inhabitants. Consequently, it is officially the most populous city in the United State ates. The city’s ethnic flavor vor has been nuanc anced by decade ades of immigrations. As a result, nowadays, only 60% of the citizens are native Americans. The rest belong to a wide list of nations from all over the world: Hispanics, Asians, Italians, Irish, German, Russian, Polish etc.
The following list contains some famous people born in New York City: NAME
DOMAIN
HUMPHREY BOGART
Actor
MICHAEL JORDAN
Former basketball player
MILLARD FILMORE
Former US president
ROSIE O’DONNEL
Comedian
MARIAH CAREY
Singer
VINCE LOMBARDI
American football coach
TUPAC SHAKUR
Former rapper
HERMAN MELVILLE
Author
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT
Former US president
AALIYAH
Singer, actress, model
TOM CRUISE
Actor
MEL GIBSON
Actor, director
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FUN FACTS ABOUT NEW YORK New York became the 11th state on July 26th, 1788 and was originally called New Amsterdam. Before the final name change, it was variously known as Not New Jersey, Whaddyalookinat, Whaddya lookinat, and Hookerland. New York York City City's 's most most famo famous us land landma mark, rk, the the Stat Statue ue of Libe Libert rty, y, is New constructed out of copper and eventually turned green due to pollution from coal burning factories. If you scraped off the corrosion, you'd find that the statue was actually pink. Vassar College, in Poughkeepsie, New York, was orginally founded as a women's college in 1861. Its motto is "Where women go to feel smart between evenings of drunken table dancing". Dairy farming is New York's #1 agricultural activity. The state's 18,000 dairy farms have a milk-producing capacity nearly that of Dolly Parton. In 1807, the world's first steamboat, the Clermont, made its maiden voyage between New York City and Albany. It was during this trip that the phrase "are we there, yet?" was first coined. The state tree of New York is the billboard New York City has 722 miles of subway track. Most of it heavily stained with wino vomit. "Wizard of Oz" author L. Frank Baum was born in Chittenago, New York. His famous tale was loosely based on the lives of Al and Tipper Gore, as most great American stories are. The The New New York York Post Post - foun founde ded d in 1803 1803 by Alex Alexand ander er Hami Hamilt lton on - is America's America's oldest oldest continuallycontinually-publi published shed newspaper. newspaper. Its first headline headline was "Jeff Jeffe erso rson Has Has No Exit xit Stra Strate tegy gy For For Barba arbary ry Coas Coastt Pirat irate e Quagmire". John Babcock of New York City invented the stationary rowing machine in 1869. The first railroad in America ran the 11 miles between Albany and Schene Schenecta ctady, dy, NY. The slow, slow, primit primitive ive train train ride ride carrie carried d only only a few passengers. New New York York City City was was the the first first capi capita tall of the the Un Unit ited ed Stat States es.. Geor George ge Washington took his oath of office there in 1789, beginning the city's long and cherished tradition of gullibly trusting lying politicians.
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Every November, New York City's Empire State Building plays host to the Boy Scouts' annual Urban Camp-out, allowing scouts to earn the elusive Drunk Rolling and Crack Procurement merit badges. During the war of 1812, meatpacker Sam Wilson of Troy, New York, stamped "U.S. Beef" on the products he sent to the troops. This was popularly interpreted as - and began the legend of - Uncle Sam. Ac Acto torr Hump Humphr hrey ey Bogar Bogartt was was born born in New New York York City City in 1899 1899.. Litt Little le known fact - in the movie "Casablanca", he never said "Play it again, Sam." What he actually said was "AOL sends spam", one of the most prescient lines in cinematic history. Jell-O was invented in Rochester, New N ew York in 1897. Marshmallows were also invented in Rochester. They stopped being manufa manufactu ctured red there there in 1984 1984 after after the Stay Puft Puft Marshm Marshmall allow ow Man destroyed the city. Gennaro Lombardi opened America's first pizzeria in New York City in 1895. Slices of the original pie are still being sold there today, or at least that's what it tastes like. Locals don't complain about it, though, since New Yorkers wouldn't know know good good pizz pizza a if it jump jumped ed up and and stuf stuffe fed d thei theirr nose noses s full full of pepperoni. On July 28th, 1945, a B-25 bomber crashed into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building Camera inventor George Eastman was born in Waterville, NY in 1854. His devi devic ce was seco second nd onl only to the the creat reatiion of the the inte nternet rnet in revolutionizing the pornography industry. New York was the first state to require license plates on automobiles, which featured the motto, "Get out of my way, jackass!" New York City is world-famous for its cultural diversity. While walking even a single block, a tourist can expect to be cursed at in over 40 different languages.
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A New York State of Mind
Cultural Life "Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather", the writer Tom Wolfe has said of New York City. Numerous major American cultural movements began in the city, such as the Harlem Renaissance, Renaissance, which established the African-American literary canon in the United States. The city was a center of jazz jazz in the 1940s, abstract expressionism in the 1950 1950s s and the birthp birthplac lace e of hip hop in the the 1970 1970s. s. The The city city's 's punk and hardcore scenes were influential in the 1970s and 1980s, and the city has long had a flourishing scene for Jewish for Jewish American literature. literature . Prominent indie rock bands coming out of New York in recent years include The Strokes, Strokes, Interpol, Interpol, The Bravery, Bravery, Scissor Sisters, Sisters, and They and They Might Be Giants. Giants. The The city city promin prominent ently ly excels excels in its spheres spheres of art, art, cuisin cuisine, e, dance, dance, music, music, opera, theater, independent film, fashion, museums, and literature. The city is the the birt birthp hpla lace ce of many many cult cultur ural al move moveme ment nts, s, incl includ udin ing g the the Harlem Renaissance in literature and visual art; abstract expressionism (also known as the the New New York York Scho School ol)) in pain painti ting ng;; and and hip hip hop hop, punk, punk, salsa, salsa, disco, disco, freestyle, freestyle, and Tin and Tin Pan Alley in music. New York City is also widely celebrated in popular lore, featured frequently as the setting for books, movies, and television programs.
Entertainment and performing arts The city is also prominent in the American film industry. Manhatta (1920), an early avant-garde film, was filmed in the city. Today, New York City is the second largest center for the film industry in the United States. The city has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations and more than 500 art galleries of all sizes.
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he city government funds the arts with a larger annual budget than the National Endowment for the Arts. Arts. Wealthy industrialists in the 19th century built a network of major cultural institutions, such as the famed Carnegie Hall and Metr Metrop opol olit itan an Mu Muse seum um of Art Art, that that woul would d beco become me inte intern rnat atio ional nally ly esta establ blis ishe hed. d. The The adve advent nt of elec electr tric ic ligh lighti ting ng led led to elab elabor orat ate e thea theate terr productions, and in the 1880s New York City theaters on Broadway and along 42nd Street began featuring a new stage form that became known as the Broadway musical. musical. Stro Strong ngly ly infl influe uenc nced ed by the the city city's 's immi immigr gran ants ts,, prod produc ucti tion ons s such such as those of Harrigan and Hart, Hart, George M. Cohan Cohan and others used song in narrat ratives that often reflected themes of hope and ambition. Today these productions are a staple of the New York theater scene. The city's 39 largest theaters (with more than 500 seats) are collectively known as "Broadway, Broadway," after the major thoroughfare thoroughfare that crosses the Times Times Square theater theater district. district.] This area is sometimes referred to as The Main Stem, The Great White Way or The Realto. for the the Perf Perfor ormi ming ng Arts Arts is home home to 12 infl influe uent ntia iall arts arts Lincoln Lincoln Center Center for organizations, making it the largest performing arts complex in the United States.
Tourism Tourism is vital to New York City, with about 47 million foreign and American touris tourists ts visiti visiting ng each each year. year. Major Major destin destinati ations ons includ include e the Empire Empire State State Building; Building; Ellis Island; Island; Broadway Broadway theater theater productions; museums such as the Metr Metrop opol olit itan an Mu Muse seum um of Art Art; gree greens nspa pace ces s such such as Centra Centrall Park Park and Washington Square Park; Park; Rockefeller Center; Center; Times Square; Square; the Bronx Zoo; Zoo; the New York Botanical Garden; Garden; luxury shopping along Fifth and Madison Avenues; Avenues; and events such as the Halloween Parade in Greenwich Village, Village, the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, Parade, the St. Patrick's Day parade, parade, the Tribeca Film Festival Festival,, and and free free perf perfor orma manc nces es in Cent Centra rall Park Park at Summ Summer erst stage age.. Additionally, the Statue of Liberty is a leading tourist attraction and one of the most recognizable icons of the United States.
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Many of the city's ethnic enclaves, such as Jackson Heights, Heights, Flushing, Flushing, and Bright Brighton on Beach Beach are are prim prime e shop shoppi ping ng dest destin inat atio ions ns for for firs firstt and and seco second nd generation Americans up and down the East Coast.
Media New New York York is a cente nter for for the the televi televisio sion, n, adverti advertisin sing, g, music, music, newspaper and book publishing industries and is also the largest media market in North America (followed by Los Angeles, Angeles, Chicago, and Toronto). Some of the city's media conglo conglomer merate ates s includ include e Time Warner, Warner, the Thomson Thomson Reuters Reuters Corporation, Corporation, the News Corporation, Corporation, the Hearst Corporation, Corporation, and Viacom. Viacom. Seven of the world's top eight global adverti advertisin sing g agency agency networks have their headquarters in New York. The New York Times has won more Pulitzer Prizes for journalism than any other news publication. Four "major labels" dominate recorded music —
Sony Music Entertainment
Universal Music Group
Warner Music Group and EMI — each of which consists of many smaller companies and labels serving different regions and markets. markets. Three of the "Big "Big Four" Four" record labels headquarters are in the New York City.
One-third of all American independent films are produced in New York. More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city and the book-publishing industry employs about 25,000 people. Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: •
The Wall Street Journal
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•
The New York Times
Cuisine New New York York's 's food food cult cultur ure, e, infl influe uenc nced ed by the the city city's 's immi immigr gran ants ts and and large large number of dining patrons, is diverse. Eastern European and Italian immigrants have made the city famous for bagels, bagels, cheesecake, cheesecake, and New York-st York-style yle pizza pizza.. Some Some 4,00 4,000 0 mobi mobile le food food vendors licensed by the city, many immigrant-owned, have made Middle Eastern foods such as falafels and kebabs standbys of modern New York street food, although hot dogs and pretzels are still the main street fare. The city is also home to many of the finest haute cuisine restaurants restaurants in the United States. New York City's variety of world cuisines is also varied. Examples could include: • • • • •
Italian French, French, Spanish German, German, Russian, Russian, English Greek, Greek, Moroccan, Moroccan, Chinese, Chinese, Indian, Indian, Japanese cuisines, cuisines, and the diverse indigenous sort.
Accent The New York City area has a distinctive regional speech pattern called the New York dialect, dialect, alternatively known as Brooklynese or New Yorkese. It is generally considered one of the most recognizable accents within American English. English. The classic version of this dialect is centered on middle and working class people of European of European American descent, and the influx of non-European immigrants in recent decades has led to changes in this distinctive dialect. The traditional New York area accent is non-rhotic, non-rhotic, so that the sound [ɹ] does not appear at the end of a syllable or immediately before a consonant; hence the pronunciation of the city name as "New Yawk." There is no [ɹ] in words like park [pɔːk] (with vowel raised due to the low-back chain shift), butter [bʌɾə], or here [hiə]. In another feature called the low back chain shift, the [ɔ] vowel sound of words like talk , law, cross, and coffee and the often homophonous [ɔr] in core and more are tensed and usually raised more than in General American. American.
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In the most old-fashioned and extreme versions of the New York dialect, the vowel sounds of words like "girl" and of words like "oil" become a diphthong [ɜɪ]. This is often misperceived by speakers of other accents as a reversal of the er and oy sounds, so that girl is pronounced "goil" and oil is pronounced "erl"; this leads to the caricature of New Yorkers saying things like "Joizey" (Jersey), "Toidy-Toid Street" (33rd St.) and "terlet" (toilet). The character Archie Bunker from the 1970s sitcom All in the Family was a good example of a spea speake kerr wh who o had had this this feat featur ure. e. This This spee speech ch patt patter ern n is no long longer er prevalent.
Sports New New York York City City has has team teams s in the the four four majo majorr North American professional sports leagues. The There re have have bee been four fourtteen een Worl World d Seri Series es champi champions onship hip serie series s betwe between en New York York City City teams, in matchups called Subway Series. Series. New York is one of only five metro areas (Chicago, Washin Washingto gton-B n-Balt altim imore ore,, Los Angele Angeles s and the San Francisco Bay Area being the others) to have have two baseb asebal alll team teams. s. The city city's 's two two current Major League Baseball teams are the New York Yankees and the New York Mets, Mets, who compet compete e in six games games every every regula regularr season season.. The Yankees have enjoyed 27 championships, while the Mets have won the World Series on two occasions. The city also was once home to the New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants) Giants) and the Brooklyn Dodgers (now the Los Angele Angeles s Dodger Dodgers s). Both teams moved to California in 1958. There are also two minor league baseball teams in the city, the Staten Island Yankees and Brooklyn Cyclones. Cyclones.
City Sights Tourism is vital to the city of New York, with about 47 million foreign and American tourists visiting each year this enchanting and interesting place. It comp compri rise ses s a mult multit itud ude e of attr attrac acti tion ons, s, rangi ranging ng from from art, art, musi music, c, danc dance, e, sightseeing to pubs, clubs and restaurants with exquisite food. It is famous for its world class concerts, theaters and works of art. The major attraction of
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the city is the Statue of Liberty, which has become its icon. Other major visiting points here in New York are Empire State Building and Ellis Island. The legend says that when British immigrants tried to escape from Europe and were headed to the United States, the first thing they saw from the other side of the Atlantic Ocean was the reassuring image of this statue.
TIMES SQUARE. Midtown West
Tim Times es Squa Square re has has undo undoub ubte tedl dly y evol evolve ved d into into something much different than it used to be years ago. It stretches from the 42nd to 47th Street and it represents the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue. This amazing neon spectacle is not only the majo ajor area of business and commerce, but also an over overcr crow owde ded d place place,, maki making ng up the the western part of the commercial site of Midtown Manhattan. It is often called ‘The Crossroads of the World’ or “The Great White Way” and due to its spect pectac acul ular ar and and anim animat ated ed digi igital tal advertisements it has become a major symb symbol ol of the the city city.. Form Former erly ly name named d Longacre Longacre Square, Square, Times Square was renamed in April 1904 after the New York Times moved its headquarters to the newly built Times Building, which is now called One Times Square and is the the site site of the the annu annual al ball ball drop drop on New Years Eve. Eve.
One of the most important attractions is the ‘Madame Tussaud’ Wax Museum of Times Square, which features some surprisingly realistic wax figures, from Shakira and Kate Winslet to Marilyn Monroe and Benjamin.
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The Statue of Liberty Statue ue of Libe Libert rty y (French: The Stat French: Stat Statue ue de la Libe Libert rté é), officially titled Liberty Enlightening the World (French: French: la Liberté éclairant le monde ), dedicated on October 28, 1886, is a monument commemorating the centennial of the signing s igning of the United States Declaration of Independence, Independence, given to the United States by the people of France to represent the friendship between the two countries established during the American Revolution. Revolution. It represents a woman wearing a stola, stola, a radiant radiant crown crown and sandals, sandals, tram trampl plin ing g a broke broken n chain, chain, carrying a torch in her raised right hand and a tabula ansata, ansata, where the date of the Declaration of Independence JULY IV MDCCLXXVI is inscribed, in her left arm. Standing on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, Harbor, it welcomes visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans traveling by ship. Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi sculpted the statue and obtained a U.S. patent for its its stru struct ctur ure. e. Mauri Maurice ce Koec Koechl hlin in—c —chi hie ef engi engine nee er of Gu Gust stave ave Eiff Eiffel el's 's engi engine neer erin ing g comp compan any y and and desi design gner er of the the Eiffel Eiffel Tower Tower—engi —engineere neered d the internal structure. The pedestal was designed by architect Richard Morris Hunt. Hunt. Eugène Viollet-le-Duc was responsible for the choice of copper in the statue's construction, and for the adoption of the repoussé technique, where a malleable metal is hammered on the reverse side.
The statue is made of a sheathing of pure copper, hung on a framework of steel (originally puddled iron) iron) with the exception of the flame of the torch, which is coated in gold leaf (originally made of copper and later altered to hold glass panes). It stands atop a rectangular stonework pedestal with a foundation in the shape of an irregular eleven-pointed star. The statue is 151 ft (46 m) tall, but with the pedestal and foundation, it is 305 ft (93 m) tall. Worldwide, the Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable icons of the United States.[11] For many years it was one of the first glimpses of the United State States s for millio millions ns of immig immigrant rants s and visito visitors rs after after ocean ocean voyages voyages from around the world. The statue is the central part of Statue of Liberty National Monument, admini administe stered red by the Nation National al Park Park Servic Service e. The Nation National al Monume Monument nt also also includes Ellis Island. Island.
Empire State Building
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The Empire State Building is a 102-story landmark Art Deco skyscraper in New York City at the intersection of Fifth Avenue and West 34th Street. Street. Its name is derived from the nickname for the state of New York, York, The Empire State. It stood as the world's tallest building for more than forty years, from its completion in 1931 until construction of the World Trade Center's Center's North Tower was completed in 1972. Following the destruction of the World Trade Center in 2001, the Empire State Building once again became the tallest building in New York City and New York State. State. The Empire State Building Building has been named by the American Society of Civil Engineers as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World. World. The building and its street floor interior are designated landmarks of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, Commission, and confirmed by the New York City Board of Estimate. Estimate. It was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1986. In 2007, it was ranked number one on the List of America's Favorite Architecture according to the AIA. AIA . The building is owned and managed by W&H Properties. The Empire State Building is the third tallest skyscraper in the Americas (after the Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) and Trump and Trump International Hotel and Tower both in Chicago), and the 15th tallest in the world. It is also the fourth talles tallestt freest freestandi anding ng struct structure ure in the Americ Americas as.. The The Empi Empire re Stat State e building is currently undergoing a $120 million renovation in an effort to tran transf sfor orm m the the buil buildi ding ng into into a more more ener energy gy effi effici cien entt and and ecoeco-fr frie iend ndly ly structure.
Brooklyn Bridge
Brooklyn Bridge is one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States. Brooklyn Bridge connects the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. At the time of its completion, Brooklyn Bridge was was the the larg larges estt susp suspen ensi sion on brid bridge ge in the the world. The construction work on Brooklyn Bridge started on January 3, 1870 and took as many as 13 years to complete. Brooklyn Bridge was opened for use on May 24, 1883. On that day, 1,800 vehicles and 150,300 people crossed the bridge. At the the time time of its its cons constr truc ucti tion on,, Broo Brookl klyn yn Brid Bridge ge was was the the only only land land passage between Manhattan and Brooklyn. The The cost cost of cons constr truc ucti tion on of Broo Brookl klyn yn Brid Bridge ge came came to some somewh wher ere e around $15.5 million.
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It is said that during the construction of Brooklyn Bridge, as many as 27 people died, including the one who designed it. Since the 1980s, Brooklyn Bridge is being floodlit at night, mainly to emphasize its architectural features. Pres Presen entl tly, y, Broo Brookl klyn yn Brid Bridge ge has has six six lane lanes s for for moto motorr vehi vehicl cles es and and a separate walkway, along the centerline, for pedestrians and bicycles.
Fifth Avenue Fifth Avenue is a major thoroughfare in the
cent center er of the the borough of Manhattan in New York York City City, USA. USA. The The sect sectio ion n of Fift Fifth h Av Aven enue ue between 34th Street and 59th Street is one of the premier shopping streets in the world. world. Fifth Aven Av enue ue serve serves s as a symbo symboll of weal wealth thy y New New York and is consistently ranked as one of the most expensive streets in the world. The "most expe xpensiv sive street in the world" moniker change changes s depend depending ing on curren currency cy fluctu fluctuati ations ons and and local local econ econom omic ic cond condit itio ions ns from from year year to year year.. For For seve several ral year years s start startin ing g in the the midmid1990s, the shopping district between 49th and 57th Streets was ranked as having the world's most most expe expens nsiv ive e reta retail il spac spaces es on a cost cost per per square foot basis. In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Fifth Avenue as being the most expensive street in the world. Fifth Avenue originates at Washington Square Park in Greenwich Village and runs northwards through the heart of Midtown, Midtown, along the eastern side of Central Central Park, Park, wh wher ere e it form forms s the the boun bounda dary ry of the the Up Uppe perr East East Side Side and through Harlem, Harlem, where it terminates at the Harlem River at 142nd Street. Traffic crosses the river on the Madison Avenue Bridge. Bridge. Fifth Avenue serves as the dividing line for house numbering in Manhat Manhattan tan.. It separat separates, es, for example, East Fifty-ninth Street from West Fifty-ninth Street. From this zero point for street addresses, numbers increase in both directions as one moves away from Fifth Avenue, with 1 West Fifty-ninth Street on the corner at Fifth Avenue, and 300 West Fifty-ninth Street located three blocks to the west of it.
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Broadway theatre common only ly calle called d Broadway Broadway theatre theatre, comm simply Broadway , refe refers rs to theat theatri rica call performances presented in one of the 40 larg large e prof profes essi sion onal al thea theatr tres es with with 500 500 seat seats s or more more loca locate ted d in the the Theatre District, New York (plus one theatre in Lincoln Center) Center) in Manhattan, Manhattan, New York City. City. Along ong with Lond London on's 's West West End End theatre, theatre, Broad roadw way theat heatre re is usu usually ally considered to represent the highest level of comm commer erci cial al thea theatr tre e in the the Englishspeaking world. world. The The Bro Broadw adway Thea Theatr tre e dist distri ric ct is a popula popularr touris touristt attract attraction ion in New New York York City, City, New York. According to The Broadway League, League, Broadway shows sold approxi approximat mately ely $943 $943.3 .3 millio million n worth worth of tickets in the 2008- 2009 season, compared to $937 million in the 20072008 season.
Wall Street Manhattan, New York City, City, New York, York, USA. It Wall Street is a street in Lower Manhattan, runs east from Broadway to South Street on the East River, River, through the historical center of the Financial District. District. It is the first permanent home of the New York Stock Exchange; Exchange; over time Wall Street became the name of the surrounding geographic neighborhood. Wall Street is also shorthand (or a metonym) metonym) for the "influential financial interests" of the American financial industry, which is centered in the New York City area. Several major U.S. stock and other exchanges remain headquartered on Wall Street Street and in the Financi Financial al Distri District, ct, includ including ing the NYSE, NYSE, NASDAQ, NASDAQ, AMEX, AMEX, NYMEX, NYMEX, and NYBOT. NYBOT.
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Entertainment Music and Film New York is the first American city to fill a central gap in music history, having a very important and diverse musical background. It has been a thriving home for jazz, rock and blues for a very long time. Moreover, it represents the place where hip hop and crunk were born. People from all over the world come to experience jazz in New York at any of the city’s many celebrated clubs. From garage bands at holes-in-the-wall with no cover charge to the world’s greatest musicians in the glitzy stage of Jazz at Lincoln Center, you can find something for every taste every night of the week in New York. Here are some significant singers from New York:
In the early days of American film industry, The Big Apple was the epicentre of film filmma maki king ng.. Nowa Nowada days, ys, even even thou though gh it is not not as well well-de -deve velo lope ped d as Hollywood from this point of view, its billions of dollars in revenue make filming an important part of the city’s economy, placing New York the second largest center of film industry in the United States. A series of blockbusters were filmed here, such as ‘The Godfather’ 1 & 2, ‘Scarface’, ‘When Harry Met Sally’, ‘Breakfast At Tiffany’s’ and ‘Home Alone 2: Lost in New York’.
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New York also prides with its famous New York Film Academy (NYFA), which is honoured to have prepared and guided the steps of celebrities such as: Steven Spielberg, Al Pacino, Jodie Foster, Pierce Brosnan, Robert Downie Jr., Jam Jamie ie Foxx Foxx,, Roge Rogerr Dona Donald ldso son n and and othe others rs.. It is cons consid ider ered ed the the most most interactive film school in the world by many of today’s top filmmakers.
NYC Nightlife As the song says, New York is the ‘city that never sleeps’. Even though it mainly has expensive bars and clubs, it still remains the ‘dream of an insomniac’. No other city rivals The Big Apple in term terms s of perf perfor ormi ming ng art arts. From From the the incr incred edib ible le rang range e of theaters, operas, dance and symphony, to live rock and jazz music, the biggest problem will be choosing among the many temptations. Whether it’s live jazz, rock, comedy or cabaret, sweating on a dance floor or sipping a martini while lounging on a plush couch, New New York York has has a mul multitu titude de of choi choice ces s to make ake your your stay tay worthwhile. Looking for a place to sit and have a cocktail should never be a problem, since there are 3 or 4 bars on every block. There is also a variety of bars, ranging from elegant and formal to jazz, junkie and rock and roll.
Jazz clubs: Birdla Birdland, nd, Blue Blue Note, Note, Dizzy’ Dizzy’s s Club Club Coca-Co Coca-Cola, la,
Lenox Lounge, Smoke, St. Nick’s Pub, The Village Vanguard, Oak Room Supper Club
Rock and roll offerings: Arlene Grocery, Bowery Ballroom,
Irving Plaza, Mercury Lounge
Blues Club & Grill, Grill, The Knitting Knitting Factory, Factory, S.O.B., Blues bars: B.B. King Blues Tonic
Expensive and elegant: 40/40 Club (owned by hip-hop singer Jay-Z),
Bemelman’s Bar, Cielo, MO bar
Comedy bars: Carolines on Broadway, Comedy Cellar, Dangerfield’s,
Gotham Comedy Club
Dance clubs: Avalon, Cain
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Glorious Horizons How will the new New York look like in a couple of years from now on? It is very possible that the city will easily expand to a population of 9 or 10 million, due to its rapid deve develo lopm pmen entt in all all aspe aspect cts, s, espe especi cial ally ly the the high high rate rate of immi immigr grat atio ion. n. Poli Politi tici cian ans, s, bure bureau aucr crat ats, s, arch archit itec ects ts and and engine engineers ers will will soon soon start start to calcul calculate ate how to fit another another million people into the landscape. The population’s growth comes along with all sorts of necessities, such as offices, factories, hotels or schools, let alone groceries stores and restaurants. There should also be more buses, subways and trains, in order to facilitate the traffic and transportation of the whole population. All of these these impro improvem vement ents s will will easil easily y be made made becaus because e The Big Apple’ Apple’s s economy is flourishing and it is not hard to guess that a population ‘boom’ is very likely to appear in the near future. With approximately approximately 10 million million inhabitants inhabitants and 1,300 1,300 square kilometres, kilometres, the New York City of tomorrow will probably become the new capital of the United States. Nowadays its influence outweighs that of Los Angeles, San Francisco or Washington D.C., the capital itself, and I see that as an indirect way of leading the country’s economy. I dare say New York is the informal capital of the US, while Washington D.C. is the formal one.
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Conclusion
To sum up, apart from being one of the most visited and populous cities in the United States, New York City has exponentially grown both economically and socially in the past years. Moreover, it is a vital place in the history of music and film industry, having a strong influence over the European culture. In my opinion, New York seems to pull in the best and the brightest from the American culture. The diversity, resilience, depth and spirit that characterise the city have been intensely chronicled in the news, movies and books that it is almost a cliché. Even though constant changes may be an obvious feature of the ‘Big Apple’ because of the numerous trends that come and go, the city respects respects the old-fashion old-fashioned ed standards; there are places places and things that have remained remained the same, and those are the essential essential ‘ingredients’ ‘ingredients’ that give New York its consistency. Even though it is permanently changing, busy to set new rules in all aspects of everyday life, its core remains the same. The city of New York has become a real symbol, almost a trademark of the United States, being very popular among people from all over the world.
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Bibliography & Resources
1. http://en. http://en.wikip wikipedia. edia.org/wi org/wiki/New ki/New_York_C _York_City ity 2. ‘New York City Guide’ by Brian Silverman
3. http://ww http://www.joke w.joke-archi -archives.co ves.com/you m/youmaybe maybe/youli /youlifeinn feinnycif.h ycif.html tml 4. ‘New York City Travel Guide’ by Content Writer Services
5. http://ww http://www.sou w.southwes thwestblen tblend.com d.com/New_ /New_York/Ne York/New-Yorkw-York-famou famousspeople.htm 6. ‘The Best Things to Do in New York City: 1001 Ideas’ by Caitlin Leffel
and Jacob Lehman
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Annexes
