]BLD ;=
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs3 odrdotbrìsthods y bstruoturd
[bfbrbaohds Jbnhsjdthvds
Jby 4=/;94=, mb ;8 mb mhohblkrb, mb fhadazds mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, ouyd ójthld l`mhfhodohÿa sb ed pr`muohm` p`r jd Jby 4?/;94>, mb ;8 mb mhohblkrb, mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o `luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs pdrd bj dô` ;945
@kcbthv`s
O`a`obr jd bstruoturd y o`atbahm` mbj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
bmht`rhdj } obp
4. BJ Y[B_RYRB Y[B_RYRB_]@ _]@ MB JD O@LRAH O@LRAHMDM MDM DR]ßA@ DR]ßA@LD LD MB JD_ H_JD_ KDJBD[B_3 OD[DO]B[Ì_]HOD_ X B_][RO]R[D 4.4 Bv`juohÿa a`rldthvd Jd Jby 4/4856, mb 2 mb fbkrbr`, mb fhadazds mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, oulpjhÿ o`a jd lhshÿa o`mhfhodm`rd mbj shstbld fhadaohbr` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs y dp`rtÿ ua nrdm` mb fjbxhkhjhmdm y mhadlhsl` o`lpdthkjb o`a jds bxhnbaohds käshods mb t`m` bj `rmbadlhbat` curìmho`. Y`stbrh`rlbatb, lbmhdatb bj Mborbt` Jbnhsjdthv` 4/;992, mb ;= mb cuah`, sb dpr`kÿ bj tbxt` rbfuamhm` mb jd Jby mb fhadazds mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs. Ba bstb sbathm`, bj jdrn` thblp` trdasourrhm` mbsmb jd dpr`kdohÿa mb jd Jby 4/4856 pus` mb ldahfhbst` jd abobshmdm mb uahfhodr ba ua óaho` tbxt` jbndj jds suobshvds djtbrdoh`abs qub edkìd bxpbrhlbatdm` jd jby, tdat` jds qub o`ashstìda ba uad l`mhfhodohÿa bxprbsd mb sus prbobpt`s, o`l` dqubjjds `trds qub, mb ldabrd habquìv`od, sb mbmuoìda mb `trds a`rlds mb rdan` jbndj dpr`kdmds p`r bj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs y qub, ldtbrhdjlbatb, dfbotdkda d su o`atbahm`, o`l`, prhaohpdjlbatb, jds mhsp`shoh`abs mb odräotbr pbrldabatb o`atbahmds ba jds mhvbrsds jbybs mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld dpr`kdmds d pdrthr mbj dô` 4856. Mbsmb jd dpr`kdohÿa mbj ohtdm` tbxt` rbfuamhm`, sb eda pr`muohm` mhvbrsds rbf`rlds a`rldthvds ba bj älkht` mb jd Rahÿa Bur`pbd y mbj Bstdm` bspdô`j qub eda dfbotdm` d odsh t`mds jds vbrthbatbs pr`phds mb jd jbnhsjdohÿa mb fhadazds, bs mbohr, jd ldtbrhd fhadaohbrd, jd prbsupubstdrhd y jd o`atdkjb, y qub, ba bsbaohd, eda trdtdm` mb mdr rbspubstd jbndj dj hlpdot` ba jds fhadazds mb jds dmlhahstrdoh`abs pókjhods haebrbatb d jd orhshs bo`aÿlhod y fhadaohbrd qub sb hahohÿ ba bj dô` ;99>, qub pus` mb ldahfhbst` jd hasufhohbaohd mb j`s lbodahsl`s mb mhsohpjhad qub o`atbaìd jd bat`aobs jbnhsjdohÿa vhnbatb ba ldtbrhd fhadaohbrd y mb bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd. Ba bstb sbathm`, jd bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd y jd s`stbahkhjhmdm fhadaohbrd sb eda o`avbrthm` ba phbzds ojdvb pdrd jd o`afhdazd ba jd bo`a`lìd, y rbsujtda fuamdlbatdjbs pdrd hlpujsdr bj orbohlhbat` s`stbahkjb y jd orbdohÿa bstdkjb mb pubst`s mb trdkdc`. Y`r bjj`, y o`a jd fhadjhmdm mb m`tdr mb jd läxhld orbmhkhjhmdm d jd p`jìthod mb bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd, ba sbpthblkrb mb ;944 sb rbf`rlÿ bj drtìouj` 4?2 mb jd O`asthtuohÿa Bspdô`jd, mb l`m` qub jd a`rld suprbld mb aubstr` `rmbadlhbat` curìmho` yd bstdkjbohbrd uads rbnjds fhsodjbs jhlhtdthvds mbj mèfhoht pókjho` bstruoturdj y mbj v`julba mb mbumd pókjhod, ba bj ldro` mb jds a`rlds mb jd Rahÿa Bur`pbd vhnbatbs ba bstb älkht`. Ydrd mdr pjba` oulpjhlhbat` dj ldamdt` o`asthtuoh`adj mb mbsdrr`jjdr bj aubv` drtìouj` 4?2 ohtdm`, sb dpr`kÿ jd Jby @rnäahod ;/;94;, mb ;> mb dkrhj, mb bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd y s`stbahkhjhmdm fhadaohbrd, o`a trbs `kcbthv`s fuamdlbatdjbs3 prhlbr`, ndrdathzdr jd s`stbahkhjhmdm fhadaohbrd mb t`mds jds dmlhahstrdoh`abs pókjhods7 sbnuam`, f`rtdjbobr jd o`afhdazd ba jd bstdkhjhmdm mb jd bo`a`lìd bspdô`jd7 y tbrobr`, rbf`rzdr bj o`lpr`lhs` mb Bspdôd o`a jd Rahÿa Bur`pbd ba ldtbrhd mb bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd. Jd Jby @rnäahod ;/;94; ed shm` l`mhfhodmd p`r jd Jby @rnäahod =/;94;, mb ;5 mb sbpthblkrb, y p`r jd Jby @rnäahod 8/;94?, mb ;9 mb mhohblkrb, mb o`atr`j mb jd mbumd o`lbrohdj ba bj sbot`r pókjho`, o`a jd qub sb dlpjìd bj djodaob mbj prhaohph` mb s`stbahkhjhmdm fhadaohbrd, qub de`rd tdlkhèa haojuyb bj o`atr`j mb jd mbumd o`lbrohdj, o`a jd fhadjhmdm mb bvhtdr qub sb p`anda ba rhbsn`, d lbmh` pjdz`, jd bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd y jd s`stbahkhjhmdm mb jds fhadazds pókjhods. Ba o`aorbt`, y o`a rbspbot` d jds aubvds a`rlds mb pr`tboohÿa mb jd mbumd o`lbrohdj, edy qub mbstdodr jd `kjhndohÿa mb jds dmlhahstrdoh`abs pókjhods mb edobr pókjho` bj pbrh`m` lbmh` mb
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bmht`rhdj } obp
pdn` d pr`vbbm`rbs, dsì o`l` jd abobshmdm mb haojuhr ba j`s pjdabs mb tbs`rbrìd jd haf`rldohÿa rbjdthvd d bst`s pdn`s, mb l`m` qub jd nbsthÿa mb jd tbs`rbrìd sb djhabb o`a j`s pjdz`s läxhl`s mb pdn` d bst`s pr`vbbm`rbs qub sb bstdkjboba ba jd jbnhsjdohÿa mb o`atrdt`s mbj sbot`r pókjho` y ba jd jbnhsjdohÿa ba ldtbrhd mb l`r`shmdm o`lbrohdj. Ba bstb ójthl` sbathm`, jd jbnhsjdohÿa bstdtdj läs l`mbrad prbvè t`md uad sbrhb mb lbmhmds prbvbathvds, o`rrbothvds y o`brohthvds qub sb dpjhodräa ba j`s ods`s ba qub sb mbtbotba pbrh`m`s lbmh`s mb pdn` qub supbrba j`s jìlhtbs pbrlhthm`s, o`l` jd oudathfhodohÿa ba bj pjda mb tbs`rbrìd mb jds lbmhmds mb rbmuoohÿa mbj ndst` ` mb dulbat` mb j`s hanrbs`s qub edy qub dm`ptdr pdrd rbmuohr bj pbrh`m` lbmh` mb pdn` d pr`vbbm`rbs7 jd mbtbrlhadohÿa mbj hlp`rtb o`aorbt` mb j`s rbours`s qub edy qub mbsthadr dj pdn` d pr`vbbm`rbs7 `, haojus`, jd p`shkhjhmdm mb rbtbabr j`s rbours`s mb j`s rbnìlbabs mb fhadaohdohÿa dut`aÿlhod dpjhodkjbs, mb l`m` qub, ba ójthld hastdaohd, bj Lhahstbrh` mb Edohbamd y Dmlhahstrdoh`abs Yókjhods rbdjhob mhrbotdlbatb bj pdn` d j`s pr`vbbm`rbs. Jd dpjhodohÿa bfbothvd mb bstds lbmhmds jbndjbs mb odräotbr nbabrdj ba bj älkht` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb Hsjds Kdjbdrbs rbquhbrb odlkh`s hlp`rtdatbs ba jd rbnujdohÿa mb jd Jby mb fhadazds vhnbatb, dj bfbot` mb hatbashfhodr bj rhn`r y jd mhsohpjhad prbsupubstdrhd y fhadaohbrd mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld7 mb dlpjhdr jds `kjhndoh`abs mb haf`rldohÿa y, ba nbabrdj, jd trdaspdrbaohd mb jds fhadazds pókjhods7 y mb rbf`rzdr bj o`atr`j mb jd tbs`rbrìd, o`a bj fha mb dtbambr dmboudmdlbatb j`s vbaohlhbat`s mb jd mbumd fhadaohbrd y mb jd mbumd o`lbrohdj. Dshlhsl`, mbkb dlpjhdrsb bj älkht` mb dpjhodohÿa mb jd Jby mb fhadazds pdrd qub a` sb obatrb óahodlbatb ba jd edohbamd pókjhod mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, bs mbohr, ba jd rbnujdohÿa mb j`s mbrboe`s y jds `kjhndoh`abs thtujdrhmdm mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld y mb sus `rndahsl`s dutÿa`l`s, sha` qub rbnujb tdlkhèa jd dothvhmdm bo`aÿlho`-fhadaohbrd mb t`mds jds bathmdmbs qub hatbnrda bj sbot`r pókjho` dut`aÿlho`, ba bj ldro` mb jds prbvhsh`abs nbabrdjbs o`atbahmds ba jd Jby >/;949, mb ;4 mb cujh`, mbj sbot`r pókjho` hastrulbatdj mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs. Mb bstb l`m`, jd rbnujdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs, mbj o`atr`j hatbra` mb jd dothvhmdm bo`aÿlho`-fhadaohbrd y mb jd o`atdkhjhmdm mb t`mds bstds bathmdmbs, dsì o`l` jd mb mbtbrlhadm`s dspbot`s mb jd tbs`rbrìd y, pdrthoujdrlbatb, jd mbj bambumdlhbat`, f`rlda pdrtb mbj djodaob a`rldthv` mb jd aubvd Jby 4=/;94=, mb ;8 mb mhohblkrb. Mbatr` mb bstd Jby 4=/;94=, bs bj ]ìtuj` HH bj baodrndm` mb bstdkjbobr jds odrdotbrìsthods, bstruoturd y o`atbahm` mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs. Vbdl`s ouäjbs s`a sus mhrbotrhobs.
4.; Jby 4=/;94=, mb ;8 mb mhohblkrb3 fhadazds mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs D. Yr`nrdldohÿa prbsupubstdrhd y `kcbthv` mb bstdkhjhmdm d. Yjda prbsupubs prbsupubstdrh` tdrh` d lbmh` pjdz` Bj N`khbra` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs dpr`kdrä, d pr`pubstd mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s, ua pjda prbsupubstdrh` d lbmh` pjdz`, qub sb haojuhrä ba bj pr`nrdld mb bstdkhjhmdm qub bjdk`rb bj N`khbra` mbj Bstdm`, y ba bj qub sb baldrodrä jd bjdk`rdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s daudjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, o`a bj fha mb ndrdathzdr uad pr`nrdldohÿa prbsupubstdrhd o`ebrbatb o`a j`s `kcbthv`s mb bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd y mb mbumd pókjhod, y jd rbnjd mbj ndst`,
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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bmht`rhdj } obp
mb doubrm` o`a jd jbnhsjdohÿa dpjhodkjb ba ldtbrhd mb bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd y s`stbahkhjhmdm fhadaohbrd. Bj pjda prbsupubstdrh` d lbmh` pjdz` haojuhrä ua pbrh`m` lìahl` mb trbs dô`s y o`atbamrä, batrb `tr`s, j`s shnuhbatbs dspbot`s3 - J`s `kcbthv`s `kcbthv`s mb bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd y mb mbumd pókjhod, y jd rbnjd mbj ndst`. - Jds pr`ybooh`abs pr`ybooh`abs mb jds prhaohpdjbs pdrthmds mb hanrbs`s y ndst`s, tbahbam` ba oubatd tdat` su bv`juohÿa tbambaohdj, bs mbohr, jd bv`juohÿa kdsdmd ba p`jìthods a` sucbtds hahohdjlbatb d l`mhfhodoh`abs, o`l` bj hlpdot` mb jds aubvds havbrsh`abs y mbj rbst` mb lbmhmds prbvhstds pdrd bj pbrh`m` o`ashmbrdm`. - J`s prhaohpdjbs supubst`s ba j`s qub sb kdsba jds ohtdmds pr`ybooh`abs pr`ybooh`abs mb hanrbs`s y ndst`s. - Rad bvdjudohÿa mb o`l` jds lbmhmds prbvhstds pubmda dfbotdr d jd s`stbahkhjhmdm mb jds fhadazds pókjhods d jdrn` pjdz`. Mb doubrm` o`a bjj`, bj pjda prbsupubstdrh` d lbmh` pjdz` o`asthtuhrä jd pr`nrdldohÿa mb jd dothvhmdm mbj sbot`r pókjho` dut`aÿlho`, ba bj qub sb mbfhahräa j`s bquhjhkrh`s prbsupubstdrh`s käsho`s y jd prbvhshkjb bv`juohÿa mb j`s hanrbs`s y j`s ndst`s ba fuaohÿa mb j`s `kcbthv`s bstrdtènho`s y mb j`s o`lpr`lhs`s mb ndst` dsulhm`s ba bj ldro` mb j`s doubrm`s dm`ptdm`s p`r bj O`asbc` mb Y`jìthod Fhsodj y Fhadaohbrd. J`s pjdabs prbsupubstdrh`s daudjbs bstdräa hatbnrdm`s p`r jds pr`ybooh`abs mb jds prhaohpdjbs pdrthmds mb hanrbs`s y mb ndst`s. Jds pr`ybooh`abs haojuhmds ba bj pjda prbsupubstdrh` d lbmh` pjdz` sb fuamdlbatdräa ba prbvhsh`abs ldor`bo`aÿlhods y prbsupubstdrhds bjdk`rdmds mb doubrm` o`a jds lbt`m`j`nìds y j`s pr`obmhlhbat`s bstdkjbohm`s ba bj pr`obs` prbsupubstdrh` daudj. D tdj bfbot`, sb tbamräa ba oubatd jds shnuhbatbs a`rlds3 - Jd pr`yboohÿa pr`yboohÿa mb j`s hanrbs`s o`ashmbrdrä o`ashmbrdrä j`s bfbot`s tbambaohdjbs tbambaohdjbs mb jd bo`a`lìd, j`s o`yuaturdjbs qub pubmda bsthldrsb y j`s mbrhvdm`s mb j`s odlkh`s prbvhst`s ba jd a`rldthvd qub j`s rbnujb. - Jd pr`yboohÿa mb j`s ndst`s dshnadrä j`s rbours`s mhsp`ahkjbs mb doubrm` o`a jds prh`rhmdmbs bstdkjbohmds pdrd oulpjhr jds mhfbrbatbs p`jìthods mb ndst`, tbahbam` ba oubatd jds `kjhndoh`abs mbrhvdmds mb jd dothvhmdm mbj sbot`r pókjho` qub vbazda ba bj o`rrbsp`amhbatb pbrh`m` y j`s o`lpr`lhs`s mb ndst` bxhstbatbs ba bj l`lbat` mb jd bjdk`rdohÿa qub nbabrba `kjhndoh`abs o`a vbaohlhbat` ba bj lhsl` pbrh`m`. - Bj pjda prbsupubstdrh` prbsupubstdrh` d lbmh` pjdz` sb rbvhsdrä odmd dô`, mb doubrm` o`a jd bv`juohÿa mb j`s hanrbs`s y ndst`s, d fha mb hao`rp`rdr jds prbvhsh`abs mb ua aubv` dô` y, o`a bjj`, ldatbabr jd pjurhdaudjhmdm o`rrbsp`amhbatb7 dsì o`l`, ba su ods`, mb dmdptdr jds prbvhsh`abs hahohdjbs d jds l`mhfhodoh`abs mb j`s `kcbthv`s, jds pr`ybooh`abs, jds lbmhmds `, ba nbabrdj, oudjquhbrd mb j`s pdrälbtr`s lbaoh`adm`s datbrh`rlbatb.
k. [bnjd mb ndst` y jìlhtb läxhl` mb ndst` a` fhadaohbr` Ba jd bjdk`rdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld sb tbamrä ba oubatd jd vdrhdohÿa läxhld mbj ndst` o`lputdkjb ba bj o`rrbsp`amhbatb bcbrohoh`, mb doubrm` o`a jd rbnjd mb ndst` rbnujdmd ba bj drtìouj` 4; mb jd Jby @rnäahod ;/;94;, mb ;> mb dkrhj, mb Bstdkhjhmdm Yrbsupubstdrhd y _`stbahkhjhmdm Fhadaohbrd.
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bmht`rhdj } obp
D[]ÌORJ@ 4; MB JD JBX @[NÄAHOD ;/;94;. [BNJD MB ND_]@ 4. Jd vdrhdohÿa mbj ndst` o`lputdkjb mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa Obatrdj, mb jds O`luahmdmbs Dutÿa`lds y mb jds O`rp`rdoh`abs J`odjbs, a` p`mrä supbrdr jd tdsd mb rbfbrbaohd mb orbohlhbat` mbj Yr`muot` Hatbrh`r Krut` mb lbmh` pjdz` mb jd bo`a`lìd bspdô`jd. A` `kstdatb, oudam` bxhstd ua mbsbquhjhkrh` bstruoturdj ba jds oubatds pókjhods ` uad mbumd pókjhod supbrh`r dj `kcbthv` bstdkjbohm`, bj orbohlhbat` mbj ndst` pókjho` o`lputdkjb sb dcustdrä d jd sbamd bstdkjbohmd ba j`s rbspbothv`s pjdabs bo`aÿlho`fhadaohbr`s y mb rbbquhjhkrh` prbvhst`s ba j`s drtìouj`s ;4 y ;; mb bstd jby. ;. _b batbambrä p`r ndst` o`lputdkjb d j`s bfbot`s prbvhst`s ba bj dpdrtdm` datbrh`r, j`s blpjb`s a` fhadaohbr`s mbfhahm`s ba tèrlha`s mbj _hstbld Bur`pb` mb Oubatds Adoh`adjbs y [bnh`adjbs, bxojuhm`s j`s hatbrbsbs mb jd mbumd, bj ndst` a` mhsorboh`adj ba prbstdoh`abs p`r mbsblpjb`, jd pdrtb mbj ndst` fhadaohdm` o`a f`am`s fhadjhstds pr`obmbatbs mb jd Rahÿa Bur`pbd ` mb `trds Dmlhahstrdoh`abs Yókjhods y jds trdasfbrbaohds d jds O`luahmdmbs Dutÿa`lds y d jds O`rp`rdoh`abs J`odjbs vhaoujdmds d j`s shstblds mb fhadaohdohÿa. ?. O`rrbsp`amb dj Lhahstbrh` mb Bo`a`lìd y O`lpbththvhmdm odjoujdr jd tdsd mb rbfbrbaohd mb orbohlhbat` mbj Yr`muot` Hatbrh`r Krut` mb lbmh` pjdz` mb jd bo`a`lìd bspdô`jd, mb doubrm` o`a jd lbt`m`j`nìd uthjhzdmd p`r jd O`lhshÿa Bur`pbd ba dpjhodohÿa mb su a`rldthvd. Bstd tdsd sb pukjhodrä ba bj haf`rlb mb shtudohÿa mb jd bo`a`lìd bspdô`jd dj qub sb rbfhbrb bj drtìouj` 42.2 mb bstd Jby. _brä jd rbfbrbaohd d tbabr ba oubatd p`r jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa Obatrdj y odmd uad mb jds O`luahmdmbs Dutÿa`lds y O`rp`rdoh`abs J`odjbs ba jd bjdk`rdohÿa mb sus rbspbothv`s Yrbsupubst`s. =. Oudam` sb dprubkba odlkh`s a`rldthv`s qub sup`anda dulbat`s pbrldabatbs mb jd rbodumdohÿa, bj ahvbj mb ndst` o`lputdkjb rbsujtdatb mb jd dpjhodohÿa mb jd rbnjd ba j`s dô`s ba qub sb `ktbanda j`s dulbat`s mb rbodumdohÿa p`mrä dulbatdr ba jd oudatìd bquhvdjbatb. Oudam` sb dprubkba odlkh`s a`rldthv`s qub sup`anda mhslhauoh`abs mb jd rbodumdohÿa, bj ahvbj mb ndst` o`lputdkjb rbsujtdatb mb jd dpjhodohÿa mb jd rbnjd ba j`s dô`s ba qub sb pr`muzoda jds mhslhauoh`abs mb rbodumdohÿa mbkbrä mhslhauhrsb ba jd oudatìd bquhvdjbatb. 2. J`s hanrbs`s qub sb `ktbanda p`r baohld mb j` prbvhst` sb mbsthadräa ìatbnrdlbatb d rbmuohr bj ahvbj mb mbumd pókjhod.
D tdj bfbot`, a` o`asthtuhräa ndst` o`lputdkjb j`s hatbrbsbs mbj bambumdlhbat` y bj rbst` mb ndst`s d qub sb rbfhbrb bj ohtdm` prbobpt` jbndj, haojuhmds jds trdasfbrbaohds vhaoujdmds dj shstbld mb fhadaohdohÿa mb j`s o`asbc`s hasujdrbs. Dshlhsl`, datbs mbj mìd 4 mb dn`st` mb odmd dô`, bj O`asbc` mb N`khbra` dpr`kdrä bj jìlhtb läxhl` mb ndst` a` fhadaohbr`, qub sb tbamrä ba oubatd tdlkhèa ba jd bjdk`rdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld pdrd bj shnuhbatb bcbrohoh`, mb doubrm` o`a bj drtìouj` ?9 mb jd Jby @rnäahod ;/;94;.
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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bmht`rhdj } obp
D[]ÌORJ@ ?9 MB JD JBX @[NÄAHOD ;/;94;. JÌLH]B MB ND_]@ A@ FHADAOHB[@ 4. Bj Bstdm`, jds O`luahmdmbs Dutÿa`lds y jds O`rp`rdoh`abs J`odjbs dpr`kdräa, ba sus rbspbothv`s älkht`s, ua jìlhtb läxhl` mb ndst` a` fhadaohbr`, o`ebrbatb o`a bj `kcbthv` mb bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd y jd rbnjd mb ndst`, qub ldrodrä bj tboe` mb dshnadohÿa mb rbours`s mb sus Yrbsupubst`s. Bj jìlhtb mb ndst` a` fhadaohbr` bxojuhrä jds trdasfbrbaohds vhaoujdmds d j`s shstblds mb fhadaohdohÿa mb O`luahmdmbs Dutÿa`lds y O`rp`rdoh`abs J`odjbs. ;. Datbs mbj 4 mb dn`st` mb odmd dô` bj Lhahstbrh` mb Edohbamd y Dmlhahstrdoh`abs Yókjhods haf`rldrä dj O`asbc` mb Y`jìthod Fhsodj y Fhadaohbrd s`krb bj jìlhtb mb ndst` a` fhadaohbr` mbj Yrbsupubst` mbj Bstdm`. ?. Datbs mbj 4 mb dn`st` mb odmd dô` jds O`luahmdmbs Dutÿa`lds rblhthräa dj O`asbc` mb Y`jìthod Fhsodj y Fhadaohbrd haf`rldohÿa s`krb bj jìlhtb mb ndst` a` fhadaohbr` qub odmd uad mb bjjds edyd dpr`kdm`.
K.O`atbahm` K. O`atbahm` y dpr`kdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs d. O`atbahm` y bstruoturd • O`atbahm` J`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld o`asthtuyba jd bxprbshÿa ohfrdmd, o`acuatd y shstbläthod mb jds `kjhndoh`abs qub, o`l` läxhl`, pubmba rbo`a`obr j`s batbs qub hatbnrda bj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, y mb jds prbvhsh`abs mb j`s ndst`s y mb jds vdrhdoh`abs mb dothv`s y pdshv`s mb j`s batbs qub hatbnrda su sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj, dsì o`l` mb j`s mbrboe`s ` j`s hanrbs`s mbj o`acuat` mb j`s batbs hatbnrdatbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dut`aÿlho` qub sb prbvbda jhquhmdr murdatb bj bcbrohoh`. J`s prbsupubst`s sb dmdptdräa dmdptdräa d jds jìabds nbabrdjbs nbabrdjbs mb p`jìthod bo`aÿlhod bo`aÿlhod y fhadaohbrd mbtbrlhadmds p`r bj O`asbc` O`asbc` mb N`khbra` b haojuhräa jd daudjhmdm mb jds prbvhsh`abs o`atbahmds ba bj pjda prbsupubstdrh` d lbmh` pjdz`.
Ba t`m` ods`, y mb doubrm` o`a bj drtìouj` 4= mb jd Jby @rnäahod ;/;94;, j`s orèmht`s prbsupubstdrh`s pdrd sdthsfdobr j`s hatbrbsbs y bj odphtdj mb jd mbumd pókjhod sb batbambräa haojuhm`s shblprb ba bj bstdm` mb ndst`s mbj prbsupubst` mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld. Hatbnrda j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld3 - Bj prbsupubst` prbsupubst` mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿ Dmlhahstrdohÿa a mb jd o`luahmdm o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld dutÿa`ld mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, Kdjbdrs, qub haojuyb j`s bstdm`s prbsupubstdrh`s mb mhoed dmlhahstrdohÿa, mbj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs y mbj rbst` mb ÿrnda`s bstdtutdrh`s rbnujdm`s ba bj Bstdtut` mb Dut`a`lìd mb jds Hjjbs
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]bld ;=
bmht`rhdj } obp
Kdjbdrs, mb jd @fhohad mb Yrbvbaohÿa y Juoed o`atrd jd O`rrupohÿa ba jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, dsì o`l` mb j`s `rndahsl`s dutÿa`l`s mbpbamhbatbs sha prbsupubst` pr`ph`. - J`s prbsupubst`s mbj _brvhoh` mb _djum mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, mb jd Dnbaohd ]rhkutdrhd mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs y mbj rbst` mb bathmdmbs qub hatbnrda bj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv`, sdjv` bj prbsupubst` mb jd Rahvbrshmdm mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs. - J`s prbsupubst`s mb jds bathmdmbs qub hatbnrda bj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj. - J`s prbsupubst`s mb jds bathmdmbs qub hatbnrda bj sbot`r pókjho` fuamdoh`adj. J`s prbsupubst`s mb j`s `rndahsl`s dutÿa`l`s sha prbsupubst` pr`ph` sb hatbnrdräa ba bj prbsupubst` mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld ba sbooh`abs sbpdrdmds pdrd odmd bathmdm. A` `kstdatb, jd jby mb orbdohÿa mb odmd `rndahsl` p`mrä bstdkjbobr qub jd bathmdm mhsp`and mb prbsupubst` pr`ph`, bj oudj a` sb hatbnrdrä ba bj mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld. J`s o`as`roh`s dmsorht`s dmsorht`s d jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld dutÿa`ld mhsp`amräa mb prbsupubst` pr`ph`, sdjv` j`s o`as`roh`s ouyd hatbnrdohÿa ba bj prbsupubst` mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld sb dprubkb lbmhdatb ua doubrm` l`thvdm` mbj O`asbc` mb N`khbra` d pr`pubstd o`acuatd mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s y mbj o`rrbsp`amhbatb o`rrbsp`amhbatb o`asbcbr` o`asbcbr` sbot`rhdj. Ba bstb ods`, sb hatbnrdräa ba bj prbsupubst` mb bstd dmlhahstrdohÿa ba sbooh`abs sbpdrdmds pdrd odmd o`as`roh`.
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd Rahvbrshmdm mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs y j`s prbsupubst`s mb j`s batbs d qub sb rbfhbrb bj drtìouj` 4.= mb bstd jby a` f`rlda pdrtb mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, sha pbrcuhoh` mb su haojushÿa ba jd m`oulbatdohÿa o`lpjblbatdrhd mb bst`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mbj l`m` prbvhst` ba bj drtìouj` =2.; mb jd lhsld jby.
• Bstruoturd käshod mb j`s prbsupubst`s J`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld o`atbamräa3 - J`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` o`a jd o`rrbsp`amhbatb bspbbspbohfhodohÿa mb j`s orèmht`s abobsdrh`s pdrd dtbambr bj oulpjhlhbat` mb jds `kjhndoh`abs. - J`s bstdm`s bstdm`s mb hanrbs`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv`, qub o`lprbambräa o`lprbambräa jds bsthldoh`abs mb j`s mhvbrs`s mbrboe`s bo`aÿlho`s qub tbanda qub rbo`a`obrsb ` jhquhmdrsb murdatb bj bcbrohoh` y jd prbvhshÿa mb bambumdlhbat`. - J`s prbsupubst`s mb bxpj`tdohÿa y mb odphtdj mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj, o`a jds o`rrbsp`amhbatbs prbvhsh`abs mb j`s ndst`s y j`s hanrbs`s y jds vdrhdoh`abs mb dothv`s y pdshv`s mbj bcbrohoh`, mb doubrm` o`a j` bstdkjbohm` ba bj drtìouj` =9.4 mb bstd jby. J`s prbsupubst`s mb odmd uad mb jds bathmdmbs d jds qub sb rbfhbrb bj drtìouj` ?2.? mb jd Jby 4=/;94=, qub hatbnrdräa j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, sb dpr`kdräa sha mèfhoht hahohdj batrb j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s y j`s bstdm`s mb hanrbs`s, o`a rbspbot` d jds bathmdmbs d qub sb rbfhbrba jds jbtrds d) y k) mbj ohtdm` drtìouj`, y batrb jds bsthldoh`abs mb ndst`s, mb haorblbat`s mb dothv`s y mb mhslhauohÿa mb pdshv`s, p`r ua jdm`, y jds bsthldoh`abs mb hanrbs`s, mb haorblbat`s mb pdshv`s y mb mhslhauohÿa mb dothv`s, p`r `tr`, o`a rbspbot` d jds bathmdmbs d jds qub sb rbfhbrba jds jbtrds o) y m). Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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bmht`rhdj } obp
Dshlhsl`, j`s prbsupubst`s sb dcustdräa dj pjda prbsupubstdrh` d lbmh` pjdz`, dj jìlhtb mb ndst` a` fhadaohbr` y d jd rbnjd mb ndst` o`rrbsp`amhbatbs, mb doubrm` o`a j` bstdkjbohm` ba jd prbsbatb jby y ba jds a`rldthvds bstdtdj käshod y bur`pbd ba ldtbrhd mb bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd y s`stbahkhjhmdm fhadaohbrd. Bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s mbtbrlhadrä jd bstruoturd mb j`s prbsupubst`s, tbahbam` ba oubatd jd `rndahzdohÿa mbj sbot`r pókjho` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld7 jd adturdjbzd bo`aÿlhod mb j`s hanrbs`s y ndst`s, dsì o`l` mb j`s dothv`s y pdshv`s7 jds fhadjhmdmbs ` j`s `kcbthv`s qub o`a bst`s ndst`s sb prbtbamda o`asbnuhr, mb doubrm` o`a j` bstdkjbohm` ba bstd jby7 y jds mhrbotrhobs mb p`jìthod bo`aÿlhod y fhadaohbrd qub fhcb bj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`.
• Bstruoturd mb j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` J`s orèmht`s o`atbahm`s ba j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s d qub sb rbfhbrb bj drtìouj` ?6.4.d) mb jd Jby 4=/;94= sb bstruoturdräa mb doubrm` o`a jds shnuhbatbs ojdshfhodoh`abs3 - Jd ojdshfhodohÿa ojdshfhodohÿa `rnäahod, qub dnrupdrä j`s orèmht`s orèmht`s dshnadm`s p`r sbooh`abs sbooh`abs prbsupubstdrhds, jds oudjbs sb p`mräa sukmhvhmhr ba ÿrnda`s ` obatr`s nbst`rbs mb ahvbj hafbrh`r. - Jd ojdshfhodohÿa fuaoh`adj, qub dnrupdrä j`s orèmht`s ba dtbaohÿa d jds fhadjhmdmbs ` d j`s `kcbthv`s qub sb prbtbamda o`asbnuhr. D tdj bfbot`, jd o`asbcbrìd o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s bstdkjbobrä ua shstbld mb `kcbthv`s qub shrvd mb ldro` d jd nbsthÿa prbsupubstdrhd y qub ednd p`shkjb ojdshfhodr j`s orèmht`s p`r pr`nrdlds. Mb doubrm` o`a bjj`, bstd ojdshfhodohÿa o`astdrä, o`l` lìahl`, mb trbs ahvbjbs3 bj prhlbr`, rbjdthv` dj nrup` mb fuaohÿa7 bj sbnuam`, d jd fuaohÿa7 y bj tbrobr`, d jd sukfuaohÿa7 a` `kstdatb, bstd ojdshfhodohÿa sb p`mrä dlpjhdr ba ua` ` m`s ahvbjbs, rbjdthv`s dj pr`nrdld y dj sukpr`nrdld, rbspbothvdlbatb. - Jd ojdshfhodohÿa bo`aÿlhod, qub dnrupdrä j`s orèmht`s orèmht`s sbnóa jd adturdjbzd bo`aÿlhod mb j`s ndst`s, j`s oudjbs sb sbpdrdräa ba `pbrdoh`abs o`rrhbatbs, `pbrdoh`abs mb odphtdj, `pbrdoh`abs fhadaohbrds y f`am` mb o`athanbaohd. J`s odpìtuj`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d bstd ojdshfhodohÿa sb mbsnj`sdräa ba drtìouj`s y bst`s, d su vbz, ba o`aobpt`s, j`s oudjbs sb p`mräa mhvhmhr ba suko`aobpt`s. - Dshlhsl`, y o`a rbspbot` dj odpìtuj` mb ndst`s ba havbrsh`abs rbdjbs, sb haojuhrä uad ojdshfhodohÿa tbrrht`rhdj p`r älkht`s hasujdrbs y, sh pr`obmb, p`r luahohph`s, mbj l`m` prbvhst` ba jd `rmba mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s d qub sb rbfhbrb bj drtìouj` =9.; mb bstd jby.
• F`am` mb o`athanbaohd Ba bj prbsupubst` mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb odmd bcbrohoh` sb haojuhrä uad sboohÿa prbsupubstdrhd qub, mb doubrm` o`a jd ojdshfhodohÿa bo`aÿlhod mbfhahmd datbrh`rlbatb y kdc` jd mba`lhadohÿa f`am` mb o`athanbaohd, sb mbsthadrä, oudam` pr`obmd, d dtbambr abobshmdmbs hadpjdzdkjbs, mb odräotbr a` mhsorboh`adj, a` prbvhstds ba j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs dpr`kdm`s hahohdjlbatb, y qub sb pubmda prbsbatdr d j` jdrn` mbj bcbrohoh`. Jd jby mb prbsupubst`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb odmd odmd bcbrohoh` ed mb mb mbtbrlhadr jd oudatìd mb jd m`tdohÿa daudj o`rrbsp`amhbatb d bstb f`am`, o`a ua lìahl` mbj 9,2% y ua läxhl` mbj ;% mb j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s a` fhadaohbr`s mbj prbsupubst` hahohdj o`as`jhmdm` mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld y mb jds bathmdmbs hatbnrdatbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv`.
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bmht`rhdj } obp
Bj f`am` mb o`athanbaohd p`mrä uthjhzdrsb pdrd fhadaohdr jds shnuhbatbs l`mhfhodoh`abs mb orèmht`3 - J`s orèmht`s bxtrd`rmhadrh`s y j`s supjblbat`s mb orèmht`, ba j`s tèrlha`s tèrlha`s bstdkjbohm`s ba bj drtìouj` 26 mb bstd jby. - Jds dlpjhdoh`abs mb orèmht`, ba j`s tèrlha`s bstdkjbohm`s ba bj drtìouj` 2> mb bstd jby. - Jds hao`rp`rdoh`abs mb orèmht`, ba j`s tèrlha`s bstdkjbohm`s ba bj drtìouj` 69 mb bstd jby. Dshlhsl`, bj f`am` mb o`athanbaohd p`mrä uthjhzdrsb pdrd dulbatdr jds m`tdoh`abs mb jds dpjhodoh`abs prbsupubstdrhds ba jds qub sb pr`muzoda jds aubvds abobshmdmbs mb orèmht` lbaoh`admds datbrh`rlbatb, sbnóa jd fhadjhmdm y jd adturdjbzd bo`aÿlhod mb j`s ndst`s qub jb mbkda sbr hlputdm`s, o`a jd o`ashnuhbatb lha`rdohÿa mbj f`am` mb o`athanbaohd, lbmhdatb j`s bxpbmhbatbs mb rbothfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` d j`s qub edob rbfbrbaohd bj drtìouj` 64 mb bstd jby. Jds dpjhodoh`abs mbj mbj f`am` mb o`athanbaohd o`athanbaohd sb dpr`kdräa lbmhdatb lbmhdatb ua doubrm` mbj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`, o`a odräotbr prbvh` d jd trdlhtdohÿa y jd dpr`kdohÿa mb jds l`mhfhodoh`abs ` jds rbothfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` d qub sb rbfhbrba j`s dpdrtdm`s datbrh`rbs mb bstb drtìouj`, d pr`pubstd mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s y o`a bj haf`rlb mbj mhrbot`r nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb prbsupubst`s.
J`s ndst`s mb odräotbr mhsorboh`adj, ` j`s qub sb pubmda dpjdzdr, a` sb p`mräa fhadaohdr o`a odrn` dj f`am` mb o`athanbaohd, mbkhbam` oukrhrsb, ba su ods`, o`a odrn` d `trds pdrthmds mbj prbsupubst` mb ndst`s, lbmhdatb jd trdlhtdohÿa mb j`s bxpbmhbatbs mb trdasfbrbaohds mb orèmht` d qub edob rbfbrbaohd bj drtìouj` 25 `, ba su ods`, lbmhdatb bj bxpbmhbatb mb l`mhfhodohÿa prbsupubstdrhd qub rbsujtb dmboudm` sbnóa bj thp` mb ndst` y jd fubatb mb fhadaohdohÿa mb qub sb mhsp`and. J`s rbldabatbs mb orèmht` mbj f`am` mb o`athanbaohd qub a` sb edyda uthjhzdm` uthjhzdm` dj ohbrrb mbj bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh` p rbsupubstdrh` a` p`mräa sbr, ba ahanóa ods`, `kcbt` mb hao`rp`rdohÿa dj shnuhbatb bcbrohoh`.
• Bstruoturd mb j`s bstdm`s mb hanrbs`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` Jds prbvhsh`abs o`atbahmds ba j`s bstdm`s mb hanrbs`s mbfhahm`s ba bj drtìouj` ?6 mb bstd jby sb bstruoturdräa mb doubrm` o`a jds shnuhbatbs ojdshfhodoh`abs3 - Jd ojdshfhodohÿa `rnäahod, qub dnrupdrä j`s hanrbs`s prbvhst`s prbvhst`s p`r sbooh`abs prbsupubstdrhds, jds oudjbs sb p`mräa sukmhvhmhr ba ÿrnda`s ` obatr`s nbst`rbs mb ahvbj hafbrh`r. - Jd ojdshfhodohÿa bo`aÿlhod, qub dnrupdrä j`s hanrbs`s hanrbs`s sbnóa sbnóa jd adturdjbzd bo`aÿlhod, y mhsthanuhrä batrb hanrbs`s p`r `pbrdoh`abs o`rrhbatbs, hanrbs`s p`r `pbrdoh`abs mb odphtdj b hanrbs`s p`r `pbrdoh`abs fhadaohbrds. J`s odpìtuj`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d bstd ojdshfhodohÿa sb mbsnj`sdräa ba drtì ouj`s y bst`s, d su vbz, ba o`aobpt`s, qub sb p`mräa mhvhmhr ba suko`aobpt`s.
• Bstruoturd mb j`s prbsupubst`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj Jds prbvhsh`abs o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d jds dothvhmdmbs bo`aÿlho`-fhadaohbrds mb odmd uad mb jds bathmdmbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj sb rbfjbcdräa ba ua prbsupubst`, ouyd bstruoturd sbrä mbtbrlhadmd p`r bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s. Bstb prbsupubst`, o`l` lìahl`, o`atbamrä3
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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bmht`rhdj } obp
- Ra prbsupubst` mb bxpj`tdohÿa, qub haojuhrä jds prbvhsh`abs mb j`s ndst`s y j`s hanrbs`s hlputdkjbs d jd oubatd mb pèrmhmds y ndadaohds mbj bcbrohoh`. - Ra prbsupubst` mb odphtdj, qub haojuhrä jds prbvhsh`abs ba jds vdrhdoh`abs mb j`s dothv`s y mb j`s pdshv`s, fhadaohbr`s y a` fhadaohbr`s, hlputdkjbs dj kdjdaob mb shtudohÿa mbj bcbrohoh`. Cuat` o`a j`s bstdm`s datbrh`rbs, j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj bjd k`rdräa ua bstdm` mb m`tdoh`abs y ua bstdm` mb rbours`s, bxojushvdlbatb o`a jd fhadjhmdm mb fdohjhtdr jd o`as`jhmdohÿa mb sus prbsupubst`s o`a j`s prbsupubst`s mb ndst`s y mb hanrbs`s mb jd dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld y mbj rbst` mb batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv`, mb doubrm` o`a j` qub bstdkjbzod jd `rmba mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s qub rbnujb bj pr`obmhlhbat` mb bjdk`rdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb odmd bcbrohoh`. _ha pbrcuhoh` mbj odräotbr bsthldthv` mb j`s prbsupubst`s mb bstds bathmdmbs, tbamräa odräotbr jhlhtdthv`, d bfbot`s mb rbqubrhr jd dut`rhzdohÿa prbvhd mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s d qub sb rbfhbrb bj drtìouj` 6? mb bstd jby, jds shnuhbatbs prbvhsh`abs3 - Bj hlp`rtb mb jds prbvhsh`abs prbvhsh`abs mb ndst` o`rrbsp`amhbatbs o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d rbluabrdoh`abs mbj pbrs`adj haojuhmds ba bj prbsupubst` mb bxpj`tdohÿa. - Bj hlp`rtb t`tdj mb jds prbvhsh`abs mb ndst` mbj prbsupubst` mb bxpj`tdohÿa. - Bj hlp`rtb t`tdj mb jds prbvhsh`abs mb vdrhdoh`abs mb j`s dothv`s y j`s pdshv`s a` fhadaohbr`s haojuhmds ba bj prbsupubst` mb odphtdj. - Bj hlp`rtb t`tdj mb jds prbvhsh`abs mb vdrhdoh`abs mb j`s dothv`s y j`s pdshv`s fhadaohbr`s haojuhmds ba bj prbsupubst` mb odphtdj.
k. Orbdohÿa mb pdrthmds prbsupubstdrhds, ndst`s o`a fhadaohdohÿa dfbotdmd y älkht` tblp`rdj mb j`s prbsupubst`s • Orbdohÿa mb pdrthmds prbsupubstdrhds Ba j`s ods`s ba qub, pdrd p`mbr bfbotudr o`rrbotdlbatb jd hlputdohÿa o`atdkjb mb j`s hanrbs`s y j`s ndst`s, sbd abobsdrh` mbsnj`sdr j`s orèmht`s dpr`kdm`s ba j`s prbsupubst`s ` hatr`muohr aubv`s o`aobpt`s prbsupubstdrh`s o`l` o`asboubaohd mb aubvds abobshmdmbs surnhmds ba jd bcbouohÿa prbsupubstdrhd, sb p`mräa orbdr, p`r rbs`juohÿa mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s, jds pdrthmds prbsupubstdrhds dmboudmds, qub sb m`tdräa mb orèmht` lbmhdatb djnua` mb j`s pr`obmhlhbat`s mb l`mhfhodohÿa prbsupubstdrhd rbnujdm`s ba jd Jby 4=/;94=. A` `kstdatb, jd dpr`kdohÿa mb j`s bxpbmhbatbs mb l`mhfhodoh`abs prbsupubstdrhds hlpjhodrä jd dpr`kdohÿa mb jd orbdohÿa mb jds o`rrbsp`amhbatbs pdrthmds prbsupubstdrhds pdrd jd o`rrbotd hlputdohÿa o`atdkjb mb j`s hanrbs`s ` mb j`s ndst`s, mb doubrm` o`a jds ojdshfhodoh`abs prbsupubstdrhds bstdkjbohmds pdrd bjdk`rdr j`s prbsupubst`s mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld qub o`rrbsp`amda ba odmd ods`. ]dlp`o` sbrä abobsdrhd jd rbs`juohÿa rbfbrhmd datbrh`rlbatb, shbam` sufhohbatb bj rbnhstr` prbsupubstdrh` mbj djtd p`r jd mhrboohÿa nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb prbsupubst`s, oudam` jd orbdohÿa mb jd aubvd pdrthmd prbsupubstdrhd mbtbrlhab su hatbnrdohÿa ba ua ahvbj mb vhaoujdohÿa qub mhsp`and mb orèmht` vhaoujdm` y ba t`m`s j`s ods`s mb pdrthmds mb hanrbs`s.
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• Ndst`s o`a fhadaohdohÿa dfbotdmd _ha pbrcuhoh` mb j` mhspubst` o`a odräotbr nbabrdj ba bj drtìouj` 2.4.f) mb bstd jby y mbj rènhlba dpjhodkjb d j`s ndst`s pdrd ouyd rbdjhzdohÿa sb edyda dfbotdm` jbndjlbatb mbtbrlhadm`s hanrbs`s, tbamräa bj odräotbr mb ndst`s o`a fhadaohdohÿa dfbotdmd j`s qub sb fhadaohba, ba t`m` ` ba pdrtb, lbmhdatb ua`s rbours`s o`aorbt`s ba j`s qub mbkbräa o`aourrhr jds shnuhbatbs o`amhoh`abs3 - Jd `kjhndohÿa mb mbsthadr j`s rbours`s d uads fhadjhmdmbs o`aorbtds qub hlpjhquba ndst`. - Jd pèrmhmd mbj mbrboe` dj o`kr` bfbothv` mb j`s rbours`s, ba t`m` ` ba pdrtb, ba ba ods` mb qub a` sb rbdjhob bj o`rrbsp`amhbatb ndst`. - Jd `kjhndohÿa mb rbhatbnr` mb j`s rbours`s yd `ktbahm`s prbvhdlbatb, ba t`m` ` ba pdrtb, ba ods` mb qub a` sb rbdjhob bj o`rrbsp`amhbatb ndst`. Bspbohdjlbatb, tbamräa bstb odräotbr jds dp`rtdoh`abs fhadjhstds rbohkhmds mb `trds pbrs`ads ` bathmdmbs, tdat` pókjhods o`l` prhvdmds, mbsthadmds d fhadaohdr ndst`s qub, p`r su adturdjbzd, bstèa o`lprbamhm`s ba j`s `kcbthv`s ` jds fhadjhmdmbs dshnadm`s d j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho`. J`s ndst`s o`a fhadaohdohÿa dfbotdmd sb hmbathfhodräa ba j`s bstdm`s mb hanrbs`s y mb ndst`s mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd f`rld qub sb mbtbrlhab rbnjdlbatdrhdlbatb, mb l`m` qub, ba t`m` l`lbat`, sbd p`shkjb rbjdoh`adr jd bcbouohÿa mb j`s ndst`s o`a jd fhadaohdohÿa rbohkhmd, ` qub sb bspbrd rbohkhr, pdrd jd fhadjhmdm o`aorbtd qub sb prbtbamd `ktbabr. Ba t`m` ods`, jds pdrthmds prbsupubstdrhds mb ndst`s dfbotdm`s d uad fhadjhmdm o`aorbtd a` p`mräa bstdr vhaoujdmds o`a pdrthmds o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d `trds fhadjhmdmbs. Bj pbrh`m` mb bcbouohÿa mb j`s ndst`s o`a fhadaohdohÿa dfbotdmd sbrä bj qub trdasourrd batrb bj prhlbr y bj ójthl` dot` mb nbsthÿa, tdat` o`a rbspbot` dj prbsupubst` mb hanrbs`s o`l` dj mb ndst`s, dot`s qub sb p`mräa rbdjhzdr ba läs mb ua bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh`. [bnjdlbatdrhdlbatb sb bstdkjbobräa j`s lbodahsl`s dmboudm`s pdrd rbdjhzdr bj sbnuhlhbat` mb bst`s ndst`s y o`atr`jdrj`s, mb l`m` qub, ba t`m`s j`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs bcbrohoh`s prbsupubstdrh`s, sb pubmd tbabr haf`rldohÿa ojdrd y prbohsd mb bjj`s. Ba t`m` ods`, bj rbldabatb mb tbs`rbrìd, tbs`rbrìd, dj dj qub sb rbfhbrb bj drtìouj` 59 mb jd Jby 4=/;94=, sb odjoujdrä sbpdrdam` jd pdrtb mbj rbldabatb dfbotdm` mb jd pdrtb mbj qub a` j` bstä.
J`s rbldabatbs mb orèmht` o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d ndst`s o`a fhadaohdohÿa dfbotdmd p`mräa hao`rp`rdrsb ba bj shnuhbatb bcbrohoh` mbj l`m` prbvhst` ba bj drtìouj` 69 mb bstd jby, d lba`s qub sb mbshstd mb hahohdr ` o`athaudr jd bcbouohÿa mbj ndst` ` rbsujtb hlp`shkjb su rbdjhzdohÿa.
• Älkht` tblp`rdj Bj bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh` o`haohmhrä o`a bj dô` adturdj, dj oudj sb hlputdräa3 - J`s mbrboe`s mbrboe`s bo`aÿlho`s bo`aÿlho`s jhquhmdm`s murdatb bj bcbrohoh`, o`a hambpbambaohd mbj bcbrohoh` mb qub mbrhvba. - Jds `kjhndoh`abs rbo`a`ohmds o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d oudjquhbr thp` mb ndst`s bfbotudm`s datbs mb qub dodkb bj bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh` o`a odrn` d j`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs orèmht`s ` prbvhsh`abs, sha pbrcuhoh` mb j` bstdkjbohm` ba bj drtìouj` 24.; mb bstd jby.
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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bmht`rhdj } obp
o. Yr`obmhlhbat` mb bjdk`rdohÿa • Yr`obmhlhbat` mb bjdk`rdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld Bj pr`obmhlhbat` mb bjdk`rdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld sb dcustdrä d jds shnuhbatbs a`rlds3 - J`s ÿrnda`s y jds bathmdmbs qub hatbnrda bj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` rblhthräa dj o`asb cbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s j`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs datbpr`ybot`s mb bstdm`s mb ndst`s y mb bsthldohÿa mb hanrbs`s, o`a jd m`oulbatdohÿa dabxd qub sb bspbohfhod ba bj shnuhbatb drtìouj`, mbkhmdlbatb dcustdm`s d jds prbvhsh`abs o`atbahmds ba jd prbsbatb jby y ba bj rbst` mb jd a`rldthvd dpjhodkjb, y mb doubrm` o`a jds mhrbotrhobs mb p`jìthod bo`aÿlhod y fhadaohbrd qub bstdkjbzod bj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`. - Jds bathmdmbs qub hatbnrda bj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj rblhthräa, d trdvès mb jd o`asbcbrìd mb dmsorhpohÿa, j`s datbpr`ybot`s mb j`s prbsupubst`s mb bxpj`tdohÿa y mb odphtdj, qub o`lprbambräa t`mds sus dothvhmdmbs, o`a j`s lhsl`s rbquhsht`s prbvhst`s ba bj dpdrtdm` datbrh`r. - Jd o`asbcbrìd o`asbcbrìd o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s bjdk`rdrä bj datbpr`ybot` mbj bstdm` mb hanrbs`s. Bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s mbsdrr`jjdrä jds a`rlds mb bstb pr`obmhlhbat` lbmhdatb uad `rmba, qub tdlkhèa fhcdrä j`s pjdz`s dpjhodkjbs. O`a j`s ohtdm`s datbpr`ybot`s, jd o`asbcbrìd o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s bjdk`rdrä bj datbpr`ybot` mb jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld y j` s`lbtbrä dj doubrm` mbj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`.
• M`oulbatdohÿa o`lpjblbatdrhd _b dmcuatdrä dj datbpr`ybot` mb jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, óahodlbatb, jd shnuhbatb m`oulbatdohÿa3 - Ra bstdm` o`as`jhmdm` mb t`m`s j`s datbpr`ybot`s mb bstdm`s mb ndst`s y mb bsthldohÿa mb hanrbs`s mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv`. A` `kstdatb, jd `rmba d qub sb rbfhbrb bj drtìouj` datbrh`r p`mrä prbvbr qub bstd o`as`jhmdohÿa sb bxthbamd tdlkhèa dj rbst` mb bathmdmbs hatbnrdatbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj. - Rad bsthldohÿa mbj hlp`rtb mb j`s kbabfhoh`s fhsodjbs qub dfbotba d j`s trhkut`s bstdtdjbs obmhm`s y d j`s hlpubst`s pr`ph`s mbtdjjdm` p`r fhnurds trhkutdrhds. - Rad lbl`rhd bxpjhodthvd mbj o`atbahm` y mb jds prhaohpdjbs l`mhfhodoh`abs qub prbsbatb bj datbpr`ybot`, o`lpdrdm` o`a bj prbsupubst` vhnbatb. Bstd lbl`rhd bxpjhodrä j`s orhtbrh`s qub sb dpjhodräa d jds sukvbaoh`abs o`rrhbatbs y mb odphtdj. ]dlkhèa sb haojuhrä uad bxpjhodohÿa s`krb j`s dspbot`s prbsupubstdrh`s mb jd fuaohÿa pókjhod, su dmboudohÿa d jd pjdathjjd `rnäahod vhnbatb y bj mbtdjjb mb jds pjdathjjds mb t`m`s j`s ÿrnda`s y jds bathmdmbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dut`aÿlho`. Bj mbtdjjb mb pjdathjjds mbkbrä rbfbrhrsb d jd shtudohÿa dotudj y d jd prbvhshÿa pdrd bj dô` shnuhbatb. - Rad lbl`rhd bxpjhodthvd mbj o`atbahm` mb j`s prbsupubst`s mb jds bathmdmbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj y mb j`s `kcbthv`s qub prbvbda o`asbnuhr bstds bathmdmbs
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murdatb bj bcbrohoh`, dsì o`l` mbj rbst` mb dspbot`s qub sb bstdkjbzoda lbmhdatb jd `rmba d qub sb rbfhbrb bj drtìouj` datbrh`r. - Ra haf`rlb bo`aÿlho`-fhadaohbr`, ba ba bj oudj sb edrä o`astdr jd haf`rldohÿa rbjdthvd d jds pr`ybooh`abs daudjbs mb jds prhaohpdjbs pdrthmds mb j`s hanrbs`s y mb j`s ndst`s d jds qub sb rbfhbrb bj drtìouj` ??.= mb bstd jby. - Ra dvdaob mbj bstdm` mb bcbouohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s mbj dô` ba ours`. - Jd ojdshfhodohÿa ojdshfhodohÿa p`r pr`nrdlds, sh edy, mb t`mds jds sbooh`abs prbsupubstdrhds. - Jd haf`rldohÿa qub pbrlhtd rbjdoh`adr bj sdjm` mb j`s hanrbs`s y mb j`s ndst`s ndst`s prbvhst`s ba j`s prbsupubst`s o`a jd odpdohmdm ` jd abobshmdm mb fhadaohdohÿa, mb l`m` qub qubmb dorbmhtdm` bj oulpjhlhbat` mbj `kcbthv` mb bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd mbj bcbrohoh` mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs y mbj rbst` mb bathmdmbs qub hatbnrda bj sbot`r pókjho` mb dmlhahstrdoh`abs pókjhods mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld p`r dpjhodohÿa mb jds rbnjds mbj _hstbld bur`pb` mb oubatds adoh`adjbs y rbnh`adjbs. Dshlhsl`, o`a rbspbot` d jd Rahvbrshmdm mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs y sus bathmdmbs mbpbamhbatbs, dsì o`l` o`a rbspbot` d odmd ua` mb j`s batbs d qub sb rbfhbrb bj drtìouj` 4.= mb bstd Jby, sb haojuhräa, d bfbot`s haf`rldthv`s, jds prbvhsh`abs prbsupubstdrhds pdrd bj o`rrbsp`amhbatb bcbrohoh` mb t`m`s bst`s batbs y bj rbst` mb haf`rldohÿa qub prbvbd jd `rmba qub rbnujb bj pr`obmhlhbat` mb bjdk`rdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s.
• [blhshÿa dj Ydrjdlbat` Bj pr`ybot` mb jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, o`a jd m`oulbatdohÿa o`lpjblbatdrhd mbtdjjdmd ba bj drtìouj` datbrh`r y jd prbvhstd ba bj Bstdtut` mb Dut`a`lìd mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, sb rblhthrä dj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs datbs mbj mìd 4 mb a`vhblkrb mb odmd dô`, pdrd su bxdlba, balhbamd y, ba su ods`, dpr`kdohÿa.
• Yrÿrr`nd mb j`s prbsupubst`s _h jd jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld a` batrd ba vhn`r bj mìd 4 mb babr` mbj bcbrohoh` ba qub tband qub sbr bfbothvd, sb o`ashmbrdräa dut`läthodlbatb pr`rr`ndm`s j`s prbsupubst`s hahohdjbs mbj bcbrohoh` datbrh`r edstd jd batrdmd ba vhn`r mb jd aubvd jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs, o`a jds pdrthoujdrhmdmbs qub sb bstdkjbzoda y jds qub d o`athaudohÿa sb hamhoda3 - Jd bstruoturd `rnäahod mb j`s prbsupubst`s prbsupubst`s pr`rr`ndm`s sb dmdptdrä d jd `rndahzdohÿa dmlhahstrdthvd ba vhn`r ba bj bcbrohoh` ba qub bj prbsupubst` sb tband qub bcboutdr. - A` sb pr`rr`ndräa j`s orèmht`s pdrd j`s ndst`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d pr`nrdlds ` dotudoh`abs qub fhadjhoba ba bj bcbrohoh` datbrh`r ` p`r `kjhndoh`abs qub mbkda bxthanuhrsb ba bj ohtdm` bcbrohoh`. - Ba t`m` ods`, sb pr`rr`ndräa j`s orèmht`s mbfhahthv`s o`a fhadaohdohÿa dfbotdmd d j` jdrn` mbj bcbrohoh` datbrh`r qub tbanda qub ldatbabr bstb odräotbr ba bj bcbrohoh` o`rrhbatb. - J`s orèmht`s rbjdthv`s d jds dl`rthzdoh`abs mbj mbj bambumdlhbat` fhadaohbr` sb pr`rr`ndräa, ba jd lbmhmd ba qub a` hlpjhquba ua haorblbat` mbj bambumdlhbat` abt`, y sb dcustdräa d jd kdcd, ba su ods`, o`a bj fha mb dmdptdrj`s d jds dl`rthzdoh`abs o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d jd mbumd vhvd ba bj bcbrohoh` pr`rr`ndm`. - J`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s sb dcustdräa d jd kdcd, ba su ods`, y ba jd pdrtb qub `odsh`ab bj lba`r trdst`ra` pdrd bj sbrvhoh` pókjho`, o`a bj fha mb dmdptdr j`s prbsupubst`s pr`rr`ndm`s d jd rbnjd mb
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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ndst`, dj jìlhtb läxhl` mb ndst` a` fhadaohbr` y dj `kcbthv` mb bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd mbj bcbrohoh` pr`rr`ndm`. - Lhbatrds a` batrba ba vhn`r j`s aubv`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs sb sb p`mräa rbdjhzdr jds l`mhfhodoh`abs prbsupubstdrhds prbvhstds ba jd Jby 4=/;94=. - J`s aubv`s aubv`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs qub batrba ba vhn`r mbspjbndräa bfbot`s mbsmb bj 4 mb babr`. J`s dcustbs d jd kdcd qub pr`obmda sb rbdjhzdräa d trdvès mb jds mbojdrdoh`abs mb hamhsp`ahkhjhmdm mb j`s orèmht`s rbspbothv`s, mb doubrm` o`a bj drtìouj` 2? mb jd bstd jby. Y`r `rmba mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s sb mbsdrr`jjdräa jds pdrthoujdrhmdmbs prbsupubstdrhds y o`atdkjbs haebrbatbs d jd prÿrr`nd prbsupubstdrhd, y sb p`mräa rbnujdr `trds o`ao`rmdatbs o`a jds lbaoh`admds datbrh`rlbatb.
O. [ènhlba mb j`s orèmht`s prbsupubstdrh`s y mb jds l`mhfhodoh`abs d. Yrhaohph`s nbabrdjbs • Orèmht`s prbsupubstdrh`s y prhaohph` mb bspbohdjhmdm _`a orèmht`s prbsupubstdrh`s odmd uad mb jds dshnadoh`abs hamhvhmudjhzdmds mb ndst`, qub fhnurda ba j`s prbsupubst`s d qub sb rbfhbrba jds jbtrds d) y k) mbj drtìouj` ?2.? mb jd Jby 4=/;94=, d mhsp`shohÿa mb j`s obatr`s nbst`rbs pdrd oukrhr jds abobshmdmbs pdrd jds qub sb edyda dpr`kdm`. Jd bspbohfhodohÿa mb j`s orèmht`s vbamrä mbtbrlhadmd p`r jds pdrthmds prbsupubstdrhds qub rbsujtda mb jds mhvbrsds ojdshfhodoh`abs ba qub sb bstruoturda j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s, mb doubrm` o`a bj drtìouj` ?> mb bstd jby. O`a odräotbr nbabrdj, j`s orèmht`s prbsupubstdrh`s sb rbnhräa p`r bj prhaohph` mb bspbohdjhmdm, ba jds vbrthbatbs oudjhtdthvd, oudathtdthvd y tblp`rdj mb mhoe` prhaohph`.
• Bspbohdjhmdm oudjhtdthvd J`s orèmht`s pdrd ndst`s sb mbsthadräa bxojushvdlbatb d jd fhadjhmdm bspboìfhod pdrd jd oudj edyda shm` dut`rhzdm`s p`r jd jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs ` p`r jds l`mhfhodoh`abs dpr`kdmds mb o`af`rlhmdm o`a bstd jby.
• Bspbohdjhmdm oudathtdthvd. Vhaoujdohÿa mb j`s orèmht`s J`s orèmht`s qub sb o`ashnaba ba j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs tbamräa odräotbr jhlhtdthv` y vhaoujdatb batrb sì y, ba o`asboubaohd, a` sb p`mräa dut`rhzdr ndst`s p`r uad oudatìd supbrh`r dj hlp`rtb mb bst`s orèmht`s. J`s ahvbjbs mb vhaoujdohÿa mb j`s orèmht`s mb jds bathmdmbs qub hatbnrda bj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` sbräa j`s qub pdrd odmd dô` sb bstdkjbzoda ba jd jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld.
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bmht`rhdj } obp
• Bspbohdjhmdm tblp`rdj O`a odrn` d j`s orèmht`s o`ashnadm`s ba j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs s`j` sb p`mräa o`atrdbr `kjhndoh`abs mbrhvdmds mb j`s ndst`s qub sb rbdjhoba murdatb bj dô` adturdj mbj bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh`. A` `kstdatb, sb dpjhodräa d j`s orèmht`s mbj prbsupubst` vhnbatb ba bj l`lbat` mbj rbo`a`ohlhbat` prbsupubstdrh` mb jd `kjhndohÿa j`s shnuhbatbs ndst`s3 - J`s qub rbsujtba mb jd jhquhmdohÿa mb dtrds`s d fdv`r mbj pbrs`adj dj sbrvhoh` sbrvhoh` mbj sbot`r pókjho` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld. - J`s mbvbandm`s mbvbandm`s ba ba bcbrohoh`s datbrh`rbs qub vbazda mbatr` mbj bcbrohoh` ba ours`. - J`s mbvbandm`s mbvbandm`s y vbaohm`s ba bcbrohoh`s datbrh`rbs, oudam` sb edyda o`atdkhjhzdm` dj ohbrrb mbj bcbrohoh` datbrh`r ba jd oubatd Dorbbm`rbs p`r `pbrdoh`abs mbvbandmds y sb hlputba dj prbsupubst` o`rrhbatb datbs mbj ójthl` mìd mbj lbs mb fbkrbr`. D pdrthr mbj 4 mb ldrz` mbj bcbrohoh` ba ours` sbrä abobsdrh` qub bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s dut`rhob prbvhdlbatb mhoed hlputdohÿa dj prbsupubst` o`rrhbatb. Ba t`m` ods`, o`rrbsp`ambrä dj O`asbc` mb N`khbra` dut`rhzdr prbvhdlbatb jd hlputdohÿa dj bcbrohoh` o`rrhbatb mb bst`s ndst`s oudam` dj ohbrrb mbj bcbrohoh` datbrh`r a` sb edyda o`atdkhjhzdm` ba jd oubatd Dorbbm`rbs p`r `pbrdoh`abs mbvbandmds. Dshlhsl`, sb haf`rldrä dj O`asbc` mb N`khbra` mb jd rbjdohÿa mb bst`s ndst`s qub sb edyda o`atdkhjhzdm` ba jd oubatd Dorbbm`rbs p`r `pbrdoh`abs mbvbandmds dj ohbrrb mbj bcbrohoh` datbrh`r.
k. Mhsp`ahkhjhmdm mb j`s orèmht`s • Mhsp`ahkhjhmdm J`s orèmht`s o`ashnadm`s ba j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs sb batbambräa mhsp`ahkjbs, y o`a odrn` d bst`s sb p`mräa rbdjhzdr jds rbtbaoh`abs ` dut`rhzdoh`abs qub pr`obmda o`a bj fha mb trdlhtdr jds l`mhfhodoh`abs prbsupubstdrhds qub ednda fdjtd ` jd bcbouohÿa mb j`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs ndst`s, d lba`s qub sb mbojdrb bxprbsdlbatb su hamhsp`ahkhjhmdm.
• Hamhsp`ahkhjhmdm J`s orèmht`s mbj prbsupubst` mb ndst`s qub sbôdjba jd jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld ` sus l`mhfhodoh`abs, y j`s qub mbtbrlhab bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s, qubmdräa ba shtudohÿa mb hamhsp`ahkhjhmdm lhbatrds a` sbda rbo`a`ohm`s `, sh pr`obmb, rbodumdm`s j`s mbrboe`s dfbotdm`s d j`s ndst`s d j`s qub sb rbfhbrda j`s ohtdm`s orèmht`s prbsupubstdrh`s, dsì o`l` ba t`m`s dqubjj`s `tr`s ods`s ba qub jd kubad nbsthÿa mbj prbsupubst` mb ndst`s dsì j` do`asbcb, pdrthoujdrlbatb o`a rbspbot` d j`s orèmht`s pdrd ndst`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d trdasfbrbaohds d tìtuj` nrdtuht` u `tr`s d fdv`r mb dnbatbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dut`aÿlho` qub a` dfbotba d j`s mbrboe`s mb tbrobrds pbrs`ads ` dj ldatbahlhbat` mb j`s sbrvhoh`s pókjho`s bsbaohdjbs. Yrbvhdlbatb d jd mbojdrdohÿa mb hamhsp`ahkhjhmdm mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s, bj mhrbot`r nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb prbsupubst`s p`mrä rbdjhzdr jds rbtbaoh`abs qub bsthlb `p`rtuads ba j`s orèmht`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs sh o`ashmbrd qub sb vbrhfhod oudjquhbrd mb jds ohrouastdaohds prbvhstds ba jd prbsbatb jby pdrd qub pr`obmd mhoed mbojdrdohÿa. Jds rbtbaoh`abs mb orèmht` qub rbdjhob bj mhrbot`r nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb prbsupubst`s mdräa jundr d jds mbojdrdoh`abs mb hamhsp`ahkhjhmdm qub mbohmd bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s `, ba su ods`, sb jbvdatdräa mbsmb bj l`lbat` ba qub a` sb vbrhfhquba jds ohrouastdaohds qub jds custhfhoda. Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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bmht`rhdj } obp
Mbj lhsl` l`m`, j`s orèmht`s mbojdrdm`s hamhsp`ahkjbs sb p`mräa mbojdrdr aubvdlbatb mhsp`ahkjbs ba jd lbmhmd ba qub mbsdpdrbzoda jds rdz`abs qub l`thvdr`a jd o`rrbsp`amhbatb mbojdrdohÿa. Ba t`m` ods`, datbs mbj mìd 42 mb ldrz` mb odmd bcbrohoh`, bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s mbojdrdrä hamhsp`ahkjbs orèmht`s p`r bj hlp`rtb mb jds `kjhndoh`abs qub a` sb edyda hlputdm` dj prbsupubst` mb jds o`rrbsp`amhbatbs sbooh`abs prbsupubstdrhds datbs mbj ójthl` mìd mbj lbs mb fbkrbr`, ba j`s tèrlha`s prbvhst`s ba bj drtìouj` 24.;.k) mb jd Jby 4=/;94=. Bstd shtudohÿa mb hamhsp`ahkhjhmdm mb j`s orèmht`s sb ldatbamrä edstd qub sb hlputba dj prbsupubst` o`rrhbatb mbj l`m` bstdkjbohm` ba bj ohtdm` prbobpt`. Dshlhsl`, bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s mbojdrdrä hamhsp`ahkjbs orèmht`s ba j`s ods`s y mbj l`m` qub sb prbvèa ba j`s drtìouj`s =>.; y 49;.; mb bstd jby.
o. L`mhfhodoh`abs mb orèmht`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` • ]hp` mb l`mhfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` J`s orèmht`s hahohdjbs y jds prbvhsh`abs hahohdjbs mb j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s y mb hanrbs`s mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld p`mräa sbr `kcbt` mb jds shnuhbatbs l`mhfhodoh`abs prbsupubstdrhds3 - Orèmht`s bxtrd`rmhadrh`s. - _upjblbat`s mb orèmht`. - Dlpjhdoh`abs mb orèmht`. - ]rdasfbrbaohds mb orèmht`. - Nbabrdoh`abs mb orèmht`. - Hao`rp`rdoh`abs mb orèmht`. - [bothfhodoh`abs mb orèmht`.
Y`r rbnjdlbat` sb bstdkjbobräa jds a`rlds a`rlds nbabrdjbs mb trdlhtdohÿa trdlhtdohÿa mb jds l`mhfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` rbfbrhm`s datbrh`rlbatb, dsì o`l` jds bspbohdjhmdmbs qub sb mbrhvba mb jd dut`a`lìd mb jd Rahvbrshmdm mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs y mb jd `rndahzdohÿa bspboìfhod mbj _brvhoh` mb _djum mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs y mb jds `trds bathmdmbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` o`a prbsupubst` p r`ph`.
• O`lpbtbaohds ba ldtbrhd mb l`mhfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` O`rrbsp`ambrä dj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`, d pr`pubstd mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s3 - Dpr`kdr j`s pr`ybot`s mb jby mb o`aobshÿa mb orèmht`s bxtrd`rmhadrh`s ` mb supjblbat`s mb orèmht` y rblhthrj`s dj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, dsì o`l` dpr`kdr j`s bxpbmhbatbs qub sbda mb su o`lpbtbaohd, ba j`s tèrlha`s bstdkjbohm`s ba bj drtìouj` 26 shnuhbatb. - Dut`rhzdr jd dpjhodohÿa mb jd m`tdohÿa mbj f`am` mb o`athanbaohd ba j`s tèrlha`s bstdkjbohm`s ba bj drtìouj` ?5 mb bstd jby.
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bmht`rhdj } obp
- Dut`rhzdr prbvhdlbatb jd trdlhtdohÿa mb j`s bxpbmhbatbs mb dlpjhdohÿa mb orèmht` rbnujdm`s ba bj drtìouj` 2>. - [bs`jvbr j`s bxpbmhbatbs bxpbmhbatbs mb l`mhfhodoh`abs prbsupubstdrhds prbsupubstdrhds ba j`s ods`s ods`s mb mhsorbpdaohd batrb bj haf`rlb mb jd Hatbrvbaohÿa Nbabrdj y jd pr`pubstd mb l`mhfhodohÿa. O`rrbsp`ambrä dj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s3 - _`lbtbr d jd dpr`kdohÿa mbj O`asbc` mb N`khbra` j`s bxpbmhbatbs mb o`aobshÿa mb orèmht`s bxtrd`rmhadrh`s ` mb supjblbat`s mb orèmht` qub sbda mb su o`lpbtbaohd. - Dpr`kdr j`s bxpbmhbatbs mb dlpjhdohÿa mb orèmht` y pr`p`abr su dut`rhzdohÿa prbvhd dj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`. - Dpr`kdr jds trdasfbrbaohds mb orèmht`, jds nbabrdoh`abs mb orèmht`, jds hao`rp`rdoh`abs mb orèmht` y jds rbothfhodoh`abs mb orèmht`, sdjv` jds l`mhfhodoh`abs mb j`s prbsupubst`s mb jds bathmdmbs hastrulbatdjbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` qub, ba bj ldro` mb j` bstdkjbohm` ba j`s drtìouj`s 5.e), 49.k) y 2=.; mb bstd jby, tbanda qub dpr`kdr ÿrnda`s pr`ph`s mb jd o`rrbsp`amhbatb bathmdm. - Dpr`kdr jd orbdohÿa mb pdrthmds prbsupubstdrhds a` prbvhstds ba j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s ` mb hanrbs`s mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs, ba j`s tèrlha`s bstdkjbohm`s ba bj drtìouj` =4 mb bstd jby. - Bcbrobr bj rbst` mb jds fuaoh`abs y o`lpbtbaohds o`lpbtbaohds ba ldtbrhd mb l`mhfhodoh`abs prbsupubstdrhds a` dtrhkuhmds bxprbsdlbatb d `tr`s ÿrnda`s. Bj bcbrohoh` mb jds lbaoh`admds fuaoh`abs y o`lpbtbaohds p`r pdrtb mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s ed mb bfbotudrsb d pr`pubstd mb jds pbrs`ads thtujdrbs mb jds sbooh`abs prbsupubstdrhds o`rrbsp`amhbatbs ` d pr`pubstd mbj mhrbot`r nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb prbsupubst`s, hamhsthatdlbatb. O`rrbsp`ambrä d jd Lbsd mbj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, dj O`asbc` mb jd _hamhodturd mb Oubatds mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, dj mhrbot`r mb jd @fhohad mb Yrbvbaohÿa y Juoed o`atrd jd O`rrupohÿa ba jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs y dj Yjba` mbj O`asbc` Dumh`vhsudj mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs dpr`kdr jds trdasfbrbaohds mb orèmht`, jds nbabrdoh`abs mb orèmht`, jds hao`rp`rdoh`abs mb orèmht` y jds rbothfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` qub dfbotba d sus sbooh`abs prbsupubstdrhds.
• Orèmht`s bxtrd`rmhadrh`s y supjblbat`s mb orèmht` Oudam` p`r rdz`abs mb urnbaohd b hatbrès pókjho` sb tband qub rbdjhzdr djnóa ndst` o`a odrn` dj prbsupubst` mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld ` mb jds bathmdmbs hastrulbatdjbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` qub a` sb pubmd dpjdzdr edstd bj shnuhbatb bcbrohoh`, y pdrd bj oudj a` bxhstd orèmht` dmboudm` ` bj o`ashnadm` rbsujtb hasufhohbatb, y a` sbd p`shkjb su m`tdohÿa lbmhdatb djnua` mb j`s `tr`s thp`s mb l`mhfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` mb j`s prbvhst`s ba bj drtìouj` 2= datbrh`r, sb trdlhtdrä ua orèmht` bxtrd`rmhadrh` ` ua supjblbat` mbj orèmht` hahohdjlbatb prbvhst`, lbmhdatb jd dpr`kdohÿa mbj o`rrbsp`amhbatb pr`ybot` mb jby `, ba j`s ods`s prbvhst`s ba bj dpdrtdm` ? mbj drtìouj` 26, lbmhdatb bj o`rrbsp`amhbatb doubrm`. Jd fhadaohdohÿa mb bstds l`mhfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` sbrä jd shnuhbatb3 - _h jd abobshmdm abobshmdm mb orèmht` orèmht` o`rrbsp`amb d `pbrdoh`abs fhadaohbrds mbj prbsupubst`, prbsupubst`, bj orèmht` bxtrd`rmhadrh` ` bj supjblbat` sb fhadaohdräa o`a bambumdlhbat` d jdrn` pjdz` ` o`a jd kdcd ba `tr`s orèmht`s mb jd lhsld adturdjbzd, ` tdlkhèa, ba su ods`, o`a hanrbs`s a` fhadaohbr`s aubv`s ` supbrh`rbs bfbothvdlbatb rbodumdm`s, ba bj ldro` mb j` prbvhst` ba bj drtìouj` 4;.= mb jd Jby @rnäahod ;/;94;, shblprb qub, ba bstb ójthl` ods`, ba bj bxpbmhbatb qub sb trdlhtb sb dorbmhtb, lbmhdatb ua haf`rlb mb jd mhrboohÿa nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb prbsupubst`s, qub j`s hanrbs`s `rmhadrh`s mb odräotbr a` fhadjhstd sb rbodumda o`a a`rldjhmdm.
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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bmht`rhdj } obp
- _h jd abobshmdm mb orèmht` sb rbfhbrb d `pbrdoh`abs a` fhadaohbrds mbj prbsupubst`, prbsupubst`, bj orèmht` bxtrd`rmhadrh` ` bj supjblbat` mb orèmht` sb fhadaohdräa prbfbrbatblbatb prbfbrbatblbatb lbmhdatb jd dpjhodohÿa mbj f`am` mb o`athanbaohd ` lbmhdatb jd kdcd ba `tr`s orèmht`s mb odräotbr a` fhadaohbr` qub sb o`ashmbrba dmboudm`s, ` tdlkhèa, sh pr`obmb, o`a aubv`s ` ldy`rbs hanrbs`s a` fhadaohbr`s bfbothvdlbatb rbodumdm`s, rbodumdm`s, ba j`s lhsl`s tèrlha`s qub bstdkjbob jd jbtrd d) datbrh`r7 dshlhsl`, bxobpoh`adjlbatb, bj orèmht` bxtrd`rmhadrh` ` bj supjblbat` mb orèmht` sb pubmba fhadaohdr o`a bambumdlhbat` d jdrn` pjdz` ` o`a jd kdcd ba `tr`s orèmht`s mb odräotbr fhadaohbr`. Bj O`asbc` mb N`khbra` p`mrä dpr`kdr j`s orèmht`s bxtrd`rmhadrh`s y j`s supjblbat`s mb orèmht` oudam` sb fhadaohba o`a jd dpjhodohÿa mbj f`am` mb o`athanbaohd ` o`a jd kdcd ba `tr`s orèmht`s.
• Dlpjhdoh`abs mb orèmht` Bxobpoh`adjlbatb, tbamräa odräotbr mb dlpjhdkjbs j`s orèmht`s mbsthadm`s d dtbambr j`s ndst`s qub, mb f`rld tdsdmd y mbkhmdlbatb bxpjhohtdm`s, sb hamhquba ba jd jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb odmd bcbrohoh`, y, ba bst`s ods`s, sb p`mrä haorblbatdr jd oudatìd mb j`s orèmht`s edstd bj hlp`rtb qub sup`anda j`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs ndst`s. Dshlhsl`, tbamräa odräotbr mb dlpjhdkjbs j`s orèmht`s rbjdthv`s d sbrvhoh`s trdasfbrhm`s p`r bj Bstdm` murdatb bj bcbrohoh`, dsì o`l`, ba t`m` ods`, j`s mbsthadm`s d sdthsfdobr `kjhndoh`abs m brhvdmds mbj bambumdlhbat` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, tdat` o`a rbspbot` d j`s hatbrbsbs y jds dl`rthzdoh`abs mb odphtdj, o`l` o`a rbspbot` d j`s ndst`s mbrhvdm`s mb jds `pbrdoh`abs mb blhshÿa, o`avbrshÿa, odacb ` dl`rthzdohÿa dathohpdmd mb bstb odphtdj, pdrd ndrdathzdr bj oulpjhlhbat` mb j` mhspubst` ba j`s drtìouj`s 4= y ?; mb jd Jby @rnäahod ;/;94;. Jd trdlhtdohÿa mb jds dlpjhdoh`abs mb orèmht` orèmht` rbqubrhrä jd dut`rhzdohÿa prbvhd mbj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`, d pr`pubstd mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s.
O`a odräotbr nbabrdj, jds dlpjhdoh`abs mb orèmht` sb fhadaohdräa o`a odrn` dj f`am` mb o`athanbaohd, mb doubrm` o`a j` bstdkjbohm` ba bj drtìouj` ?5 mb bstd jby, `, oudam` sb trdtb mb ndst`s mhsorboh`adjbs ` qub sb edkrìda p`mhm` prbvbr ba bj l`lbat` mb jd bjdk`rdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s, o`a jd kdcd ba `tr`s orèmht`s mb ndst`s mbj prbsupubst` a` fhadaohbr`. Ba bj ods` pdrthoujdr mb dlpjhdoh`abs mb orèmht` mbsthadmds d dl`rthzdr dathohpdmdlbatb mbumd vhvd p`r dpjhodohÿa mb j` mhspubst` ba bj drtìouj` ?; mb jd Jby @rnäahod ;/;94;, jd dlpjhdohÿa sb rbdjhzdrä o`a odrn` dj rbldabatb mb tbs`rbrìd p`shthv` a` dfbotdm` y p`r jd oudatìd qub o`rrbsp`amd dj supbrävht prbsupubstdrh` mbj bcbrohoh` halbmhdtdlbatb datbrh`r. A` sb p`mräa dlpjhdr orèmht`s orèmht`s qub edyda edyda shm` prbvhdlbatb lha`rdm`s, lha`rdm`s, d bxobpohÿa bxobpohÿa mb j`s rbjdthv`s dj bambumdlhbat`.
• ]rdasfbrbaohds ]rdasfbrbaohds mb orèmht` Jds trdasfbrbaohds mb orèmht` s`a trdspds`s mb m`tdoh`abs mb uad pdrthmd prbsupubstdrhd d `trd o`a mhfbrbatb ahvbj mb vhaoujdohÿa. A` `kstdatb j` mhspubst` ba bj drtìouj` =8 mb jd Jby 4=/;94=, y sha pbrcuhoh` mb j` qub, ba su ods`, sb bstdkjbzod daudjlbatb ba jd jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, sb p`mräa dut`rhzdr trdasfbrbaohds mb orèmht` batrb pdrthmds prbsupubstdrhds, o`a jds shnuhbatbs jhlhtdoh`abs nbabrdjbs3
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]bld ;=
bmht`rhdj } obp
- A` p`mräa dfbotdr d pdrthmds prbsupubstdrhds ouy`s orèmht`s edyda shm` m`tdm`s lbmhdatb orèmht`s bxtrd`rmhadrh`s ` supjblbat`s mb orèmht` murdatb bj bcbrohoh`. - A` p`mräa lha`rdr jds pdrthmds prbsupubstdrhds ouy`s orèmht`s tbanda bj odräotbr mb dlpjhdkjb, bxobpt` sh jd pdrthmd ouy` orèmht` sb thbab qub haorblbatdr tdlkhèa thbab bstb odräotbr mb dlpjhdkjb. - A` p`mräa lha`rdr j`s orèmht`s prbsupubstdrh`s qub edyda shm` m`tdm`s ba vhrtum mb jds hao`rp`rdoh`abs mb orèmht` d qub sb rbfhbrb bj drtìouj` 69 mb jd prbsbatb jby, sha pbrcuhoh` mb jd p`shkhjhmdm mb trdasfbrhr bj orèmht` hahohdj mb jd pdrthmd `kcbt` mb jd hao`rp`rdohÿa. - A` p`mräa lha`rdr orèmht`s orèmht`s mbsthadm`s d `pbrdoh`abs `pbrdoh`abs fhadaohbrds pdrd haorblbatdr orèmht`s mbsthmbsthadm`s d `pbrdoh`abs a` fhadaohbrds. - A` sb p`mräa haorblbatdr j`s orèmht`s rbjdthv`s d `pbrdoh`abs o`rrhbatbs o`a lha`rdohÿa mb j`s orèmht`s rbjdthv`s d `pbrdoh`abs mb odphtdj, bxobpt` qub sb `ktband jd dut`rhzdohÿa prbvhd mb jd O`lhshÿa mb Edohbamd y Yrbsupubst`s mbj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs. A` `kstdatb, jd jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb odmd bcbrohoh` p`mrä bstdkjbobr bxobpoh`abs d bstd jhlhtdohÿa, pdrd mbtbrlhadmds fhadjhmdmbs mb ndst`, mb l`m` qub j`s orèmht`s pdrd `pbrdoh`abs o`rrhbatbs rbjdthv`s d bstds odtbn`rìds sb pubmda haorblbatdr o`a lha`rdohÿa mb orèmht`s p`r `pbrdoh`abs mb odphtdj.
• Nbabrdoh`abs mb orèmht` Jds nbabrdoh`abs mb orèmht` s`a l`mhfhodoh`abs p`r jds qub sb haorblbatd bj orèmht` mb mbtbrlhadmds pdrthmds prbsupubstdrhds mb ndst` o`l` o`asboubaohd mb jd `ktbaohÿa mb ohbrt`s hanrbs`s, a` prbvhst`s ` supbrh`rbs d j`s prbvhst`s ba j`s prbsupubst`s hahohdjbs. O`a jds jhlhtdoh`abs bstdkjbohmds ba j`s shnuhbatbs dpdrtdm`s mb bstb drtìouj` y sha pbrcuhoh` mb j` qub, ba su ods`, sb bstdkjbzod daudjlbatb ba jd jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, p`mräa nbabrdr orèmht` ba j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s mbj prbsupubst` j`s hanrbs`s mbrhvdm`s mb jds shnuhbatbs `pbrdoh`abs3 d) ]rdasfbrbaohds o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d sbrvhoh`s trdasfbrhm`s mbj Bstdm`. k) ]rdasfbrbaohds mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld d fdv`r mb jds bathmdmbs hastrulbatdjbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv`. o) Dp`rtdoh`abs mb pbrs`ads pbrs`ads fìshods ` curìmhods, prhvdmds ` pókjhods, pókjhods, pdrd fhadaohdr, cuat` o`a jds bathmdmbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, ndst`s qub p`r su adturdjbzd bstèa o`lprbamhm`s ba j`s `kcbthv`s ` jds fhadjhmdmbs mb bstds pbrs`ads ` bathmdmbs. m) Hanrbs`s mhrbotdlbatb dfbotdm`s d jd rbdjhzdohÿa mb mbtbrlhadm`s ndst`s ` dotudoh`abs. b) Hanrbs`s p`r rbhatbnr`s mb pdn`s hambkhm`s rbdjhzdm`s o`a odrn` d j`s orèmht`s mb j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s mbj lhsl` bcbrohoh`. O`l` rbnjd nbabrdj, jd nbabrdohÿa mb orèmht` s`j` sb p`mrä dut`rhzdr oudam` sb edyda rbodumdm` mb f`rld bfbothvd j`s hanrbs`s qub jd custhfhoda, o`a bxobpohÿa mb j`s hanrbs`s qub pr`vbanda mb `trds dmlhahstrdoh`abs pókjhods, ba ouy` ods` jd nbabrdohÿa sb p`mrä dut`rhzdr mbsmb bj l`lbat` mbj rbo`a`ohlhbat` mbj mbrboe` mb o`kr` p`r rdzÿa mbj rbo`a`ohlhbat` mb jd `kjhndohÿa p`r pdrtb mb jd o`rrbsp`amhbatb dmlhahstrdohÿa, ` mbsmb qub o`astb jd bxhstbaohd mb ua o`lpr`lhs` fhrlb mb dp`rtdohÿa.
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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Dshlhsl`, ba bj ods` mb dp`rtdoh`abs mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld d fdv`r mbj _brvhoh` mb _djum mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs ` mb `trd bathmdm hatbnrdatb mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` o`a prbsupubst` pr`ph`, jd nbabrdohÿa mb orèmht` tdlkhèa sb p`mrä dut`rhzdr uad vbz rbo`a`ohm` bj o`rrbsp`amhbatb mbrboe` mb o`kr`, p`r rdzÿa mbj rbo`a`ohlhbat` mb jd `kjhndohÿa mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, ` oudam` bxhstd bj o`lpr`lhs` fhrlb mb dp`rtdohÿa ba bj bcbrohoh` o`rrhbatb mb bstd dmlhahstrdohÿa. Jd nbabrdohÿa mb orèmht` ba j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s sb rbnhrä p`r jds shnuhbatbs rbnjds3 - Ba bj ods` prbvhst` ba bj dpdrtdm` d) datbrh`r, jd nbabrdohÿa sb mbsthadrä d j`s orèmht`s pdrd ndst`s qub sbda dmboudm`s pdrd dtbambr jds `kjhndoh`abs mbrhvdmds mb jd dsuaohÿa mb jds o`lpbtbaohds mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld. - Ba j`s ods`s prbvhst`s ba j`s dpdrtdm`s k), o) y m) datbrh`rbs, jd nbabrdohÿa sb mbsthadrä d j`s orèmht`s pdrd ndst`s qub sbda dmboudm`s pdrd rbdjhzdr jds dotudoh`abs o`aorbtds qub sb fhadaohba o`a jd dp`rtdohÿa rbohkhmd ` pdrd ouyd rbdjhzdohÿa bstä dfbotdm` bj hanrbs`. - Ba bj ods` ods` prbvhst` ba bj dpdrtdm` b) datbrh`r, jd nbabrdohÿa nbabrdohÿa sb mbsthadrä d rbp`abr rbp`abr bj orèmht` mbj prbsupubst` mb ndst`s o`a odrn` dj qub sb rbdjhzÿ bj pdn` hambkhm`. O`a odräotbr bxobpoh`adj, p`mräa nbabrdr orèmht` ba bj prbsupubst` mbj bcbrohoh` j`s hanrbs`s d qub sb rbfhbrba j`s dpdrtdm`s d), k), o) y m) datbrh`rbs rbodumdm`s ba bj ójthl` trhlbstrb mbj bcbrohoh` datbrh`r.
• Hao`rp`rdoh`abs mb orèmht` Mb doubrm` o`a j` bstdkjbohm` ba j`s drtìouj`s =?.k) y 24 mb jd Jby 4=/;94=, dj ohbrrb mbj bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh` j`s orèmht`s mb j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s mbj prbsupubst` qub a` bstèa dfbotdm`s dj oulpjhlhbat` mb `kjhndoh`abs yd rbo`a`ohmds qubmdräa daujdm`s mb pjba` mbrboe`. A` `kstdatb, bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s p`mrä dut`rhzdr qub sb hao`rp`rba d j`s orèmht`s mbj bstdm` mb ndst`s mbj prbsupubst` o`rrhbatb j`s shnuhbatbs rbldabatbs mb orèmht` mbj bcbrohoh` datbrh`r3 - J`s qub rbsujtba mb orèmht`s bxtrd`rmhadrh`s ` mb supjblbat`s mb orèmht` qub edyda shm` o`aobmhm`s ba bj ójthl` trhlbstrb mbj bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh` datbrh`r, lbmhdatb uad jby mbj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, dsì o`l` j`s qub rbsujtba mb j` mhspubst` ba oudjquhbr `trd a`rld mb rdan` jbndj. - J`s mbrhvdm`s mb rbtbaoh`abs rbtbaoh`abs bfbotudmds bfbotudmds pdrd fhadaohdr orèmht`s bxtrd`rmhadrh`s ` supjblbat`s mb orèmht`, oudam` sb edyd dathohpdm` su pdn` mb doubrm` o`a bj pr`obmhlhbat` mbj drtìouj` 6; mb jd prbsbatb jby, y jds jbybs mb o`aobshÿa edyda qubmdm` pbamhbatbs mb dpr`kdohÿa p`r bj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs dj fhadj mbj bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh`. - J`s qub rbsujtba mb o`lpr`lhs`s mb ndst` mbkhmdlbatb dmquhrhm`s ba bj bcbrohoh` datbrh`r. Bstds hao`rp`rdoh`abs mb orèmht` sb fhadaohdräa lbmhdatb jd dpjhodohÿa mbj f`am` mb o`athanbaohd ` o`a jd kdcd ba `tr`s orèmht`s mb `pbrdoh`abs a` fhadaohbrds. J`s rbldabatbs hao`rp`rdm`s mb doubrm` o`a bstb dpdrtdm` p`mräa sbr `kcbt` mb sbnuhlhbat` sbpdrdm`. Dmbläs mb j` mhoe` datbrh`rlbatb, t`m`s j`s rbldabatbs mb orèmht` mb bcbrohoh`s datbrh`rbs o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d ndst`s o`a fhadaohdohÿa dfbotdmd sb p`mräa hao`rp`rdr, o`a hambpbambaohd mb su bstdm` mb bcbouohÿa prbsupubstdrhd, mb doubrm` o`a j` prbvhst` ba bj drtìouj` =; mb bstd jby, y sb fhadaohdräa mbj shnuhbatb l`m`3
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bmht`rhdj } obp
- Yrbfbrbatblbatb, o`a j`s bxobs`s mb fhadaohdohÿa dfbotdm`s d j`s rbldabatbs mb orèmht` qub edyd qub hao`rp`rdr. - Ba su mbfbot`, mbfbot`, o`a j`s rbours`s nbaèrho`s prbvhst`s prbvhst`s ba bj dpdrtdm` datbrh`r, o`a rbspbot` d jd pdrtb mbj ndst` qub, ba su ods`, sb tband qub fhadaohdr o`a rbours`s a` dfbotdm`s. Jds hao`rp`rdoh`abs mb bst`s rbldabatbs mb orèmht` rbjdthv`s d ndst`s o`a fhadaohdohÿa dfbotdmd sb p`mräa bfbotudr ba t`m` ods`, o`a hambpbambaohd mbj sdjm` mbj rbldabatb mb tbs`rbrìd, datbs mb jd oudathfhodohÿa mbfhahthvd mb mhoe` sdjm`. ]`m`s j`s rbldabatbs mb orèmht` qub, ba dpjhodohÿa mb j` prbvhst` datbrh`rlbatb, sb hao`rp`rba dj aubv` bcbrohoh` sb mbsthadräa d jds lhslds fhadjhmdmbs d qub bstdkda mbsthadm`s ba bj bcbrohoh` datbrh`r.
• [bothfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` Jds rbothfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` s`a l`mhfhodoh`abs prbsupubstdrhds qub sb p`mräa dut`rhzdr oudam` sbd prbohs` djtbrdr ` mbsnj`sdr j`s orèmht`s dpr`kdm`s ba j`s prbsupubst`s, pdrd bfbotudr jd o`rrbotd hlputdohÿa o`atdkjb mb j`s hanrbs`s ` j`s ndst`s, ba j`s ods`s ba qub sb pr`muzoda rb`rndahzdoh`abs dmlhahstrdthvds ` ba j`s qub jd dpjhodohÿa mb djnuad a`rld o`a bfbot`s bo`aÿlho`-fhadaohbr`s j` rbquhbrd. ]dlkhèa sb p`mräa trdlhtdr bxpbmhbatbs mb rbothfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` oudam` sbd prbohs` pdrd o`rrbnhr t`tdj ` pdrohdjlbatb j`s sdjm`s mhsp`ahkjbs mb pdrthmds prbsupubstdrhds, d o`asboubaohd mb `tr`s bxpbmhbatbs mb l`mhfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` trdlhtdm`s o`a datbrh`rhmdm, ba j`s ods`s ba qub a` sbd p`shkjb uthjhzdr `tr` pr`obmhlhbat`, dsì o`l` pdrd o`rrbnhr brr`rbs ldtbrhdjbs ba jds l`mhfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` bfbotudmds. Dshlhsl`, bxobpoh`adjlbatb, sb p`mräa trdlhtdr bxpbmhbatbs mb rbothfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` oudam` sb pr`muzoda rbmhstrhkuoh`abs u `trds odusds custhfhodmds qub dfbotba d orèmht`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d f`am`s fhadjhstds pdrd haorblbatdr ` lha`rdr bst`s f`am`s.
m. Dathohp`s mb tbs`rbrìd O`a odräotbr bxobpoh`adj, bj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`, d pr`pubstd mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s, p`mrä do`rmdr o`aobmbr dathohp`s mb tbs`rbrìd pdrd dtbambr ndst`s qub a` sb pubmda dpjdzdr óahodlbatb ba j`s shnuhbatbs ods`s3 - Oudam`, uad vbz hahohdmd jd trdlhtdohÿa mb uad jby mb orèmht` bxtrd`rmhadrh` ` mb supjblbat` mb orèmht`, jd o`asbcbrìd o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s edyd blhthm` ua haf`rlb fdv`rdkjb. - Oudam` mb jd pr`lujndohÿa mb uad jby sb mbmuzoda `kjhndoh`abs ouy` oulpjhlhbat` bxhcd jd o`aobshÿa mb ua orèmht` bxtrd`rmhadrh` ` mb ua supjblbat` mb orèmht`. Bj hlp`rtb mbj dathohp` a` p`mrä bxobmbr, ba odmd bcbrohoh`, bj jìlhtb mbj ;% mb j`s orèmht`s pdrd ndst`s dut`rhzdm`s p`r jd jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs `, ba bj ods` mb `pbrdoh`abs mb bambumdlhbat`, bj hlp`rtb mb jds o`rrbsp`amhbatbs `kjhndoh`abs.
_h bj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs a` dprubkd bj pr `ybot` mb jby mbj orèmht` bxtrd`rmhadrh` ` mbj supjblbat` mb orèmht`, bj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`, d pr`pubstd mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s, mhsp`amrä jd odaobjdohÿa mbj dathohp` mb tbs`rbrìd o`a odrn` d j`s orèmht`s mbj prbsupubst` mb ndst`s ouyd lha`rdohÿa lha`rdohÿa `odsh`ab bj lba`r lba`r trdst`ra` pdrd bj sbrvhoh` sbrvhoh` pókjho`.
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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bmht`rhdj } obp
M. L`mhfhodoh`abs mb j`s prbsupubst`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj Mb doubrm` o`a bj drtìouj` =9.? mb jd Jby 4=/;94=, bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s, d pr`pubstd mb jd pbrs`ad thtujdr mb jd o`asbcbrìd mb dmsorhpohÿa mb jd bathmdm, p`mrä `t`rndr jd dut`rhzdohÿa prbvhd pdrd l`mhfhodr j`s prbsupubst`s mb jds bathmdmbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj p`r baohld mb j`s jìlhtbs oudathtdthv`s d j`s qub sb rbfhbrb bj ohtdm` prbobpt` jbndj, shblprb qub bxhstda rbours`s dmboudm`s y sufhohbatbs y sb vbrhfhquba bj rbst` mb rbquhsht`s bstdkjbohm`s ba bj drtìouj` 5 mb jd Jby >/;949, mb ;4 mb cujh`, mbj sbot`r pókjho` hastrulbatdj mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs. D[]ÌORJ@ 5 MB JD JBX >/;949. L@MHFHODOHßA MB JD_ M@]DOH@AB_ MB J@_ BA]B_ MBJ _BO]@[ YÓKJHO@ BLY[B_D[HDJ X FRAMDOH@ADJ 4. Jd dlpjhdohÿa mb jds m`tdoh`abs ba j`s prbsupubst`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` hastrulbatdj blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj qub, mb doubrm` o`a jd a`rldthvd bo`aÿlho`fhadaohbrd mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, tbanda odräotbr jhlhtdthv`, mbkb trdlhtdrsb mb doubrm` o`a bj pr`obmhlhbat` qub sb bstdkjbzod rbnjdlbatdrhdlbatb, y rbquhbrb jd bxhstbaohd mb rbours`s dmboudm`s y sufhohbatbs pdrd su fhadaohdohÿa7 mbj lhsl` l`m`, mbkb custhfhodrsb jd l`mhfhodohÿa mbj bstumh` bo`aÿlho`-fhadaohbr` prbvhst` ba bj drtìouj` 2.; mb bstd jby. ;. O`a odräotbr nbabrdj, a` sb pubmba trdasfbrhr m`tdoh`abs mb ndst`s mb odphtdj d ndst`s o`rrhbatbs, o`a bxobpohÿa mb j`s ndst`s mb odphtdj qub, mb doubrm` o`a bj prbsupubst` mbj batb, bstèa fhadaohdm`s o`a hanrbs`s o`rrhbatbs mbrhvdm`s mb jd dothvhmdm pr`phd mbj batb.
Jd fdjtd mb bstd dut`rhzdohÿa, oudam` pr`obmd, p`mrä mdr jundr d jd aujhmdm mb j`s dot`s ` j`s abn`oh`s curìmho`s p`r j`s qub sb o`lpr`lbtda ndst`s qub hlpjhquba rbkdsdr j`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs jìlhtbs, mb doubrm` o`a j` prbvhst` ba bj drtìouj` 6.? mbj Oÿmhn` Ohvhj7 y tdlkhèa d jd bxhnbaohd mb jds rbsp`asdkhjhmdmbs qub o`rrbsp`amda, mb doubrm` o`a j`s drtìouj`s 4=4 y shnuhbatbs mb bstd jby.
B. Ndst`s pjurhdaudjbs d. Ndst`s pjurhdaudjbs mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` • Ndst`s mb odräotbr pjurhdaudj _b p`mräa dut`rhzdr y o`lpr`lbtbr ndst`s qub edyda mb bxtbambrsb d bcbrohoh`s p`stbrh`rbs d dqubj ba qub sb dut`rhoba, shblprb qub sb suk`rmhaba dj orèmht` qub, pdrd odmd bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh`, dut`rhob jd jby daudj mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, y shblprb qub sb rbspbtba jds prbvhsh`abs qub o`atband bj pjda prbsupubstdrh` d lbmh` pjdz` d qub edob rbfbrbaohd bj drtìouj` ?? mb bstd jby. _`j` sb p`mräa dut`rhzdr y o`lpr`lbtbr ndst`s mb odräotbr pjurhdaudj ba j`s ods`s ba qub bj `kcbthv` sbd fhadaohdr jds dothvhmdmbs ` jds dotudoh`abs haebrbatbs d j`s shnuhbatbs ndst`s y shbl-
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bmht`rhdj } obp
prb qub jd bcbouohÿa mb bstds dothvhmdmbs ` dotudoh`abs sb hahohb mbatr` mbj bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh` ba bj qub j`s ndst`s sbda dut`rhzdm`s3 - Havbrsh`abs rbdjbs, y trdasfbrbaohds y sukvbaoh`abs o`rrhbatbs y mb odphtdj. - Ndst`s mbrhvdm`s mb o`atrdt`s sucbt`s d jd jbnhsjdohÿa mb o`atrdt`s mbj sbot`r pókjho`, shblprb qub bj pjdz` mb ua dô` a` pubmd sbr bsthpujdm` ` rbsujtb dathbo`aÿlho` pdrd jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld. - Drrbamdlhbat` mb khbabs halubkjbs. - Odrnds fhadaohbrds mbrhvdmds mbj bambumdlhbat`. - Dothv`s fhadaohbr`s. A` `kstdatb, tdlkhèa sb o`ashmbrdräa o`lpr`lhs`s mb ndst` pjurhdaudj, y sb rbnhräa p`r j` mhspubst` ba bj drtìouj` 62.2 mb bstd jby, j`s mbrhvdm`s mb o`atrdt`s mb `krds qub, sh pr`obmb, sb susorhkda kdc` jd l`mdjhmdm mb dk`a` t`tdj mbj prboh`, mb doubrm` o`a jd jbnhsjdohÿa mb o`atrdt`s mbj sbot`r pókjho`. Jds dut`rhzdoh`abs y j`s o`lpr`lhs`s mb ndst`s mb odräotbr pjurhdaudj sbräa `kcbt` mb rbnhstr` dmboudm` b hambpbamhbatb.
• Jìlhtbs Bj aólbr` mb bcbrohoh`s d j`s qub sb p`mräa dpjhodr j`s ndst`s pjurhdaudjbs a` p`mrä sbr supbrh`r d ohao`, o`rrbsp`amhbatbs dj bcbrohoh` o`rrhbatb y d oudtr` bcbrohoh`s futur`s läs. Dshlhsl`, bj ndst` doulujdm` hlputdm` d odmd ua` mb j`s bcbrohoh`s futur`s, haojuhm` bj ndst` a` sucbt` d jhlhtdoh`abs ` pdrd bj oudj sb edyd bxobptudm` jd dpjhodohÿa mb bstds jhlhtdoh`abs, d qub edoba rbfbrbaohd j`s dpdrtdm`s = y 2 mbj prbsbatb drtìouj`, a` p`mrä bxobmbr mb jd oudatìd qub rbsujtb mb dpjhodr j`s shnuhbatbs p`robatdcbs s`krb bj orèmht` hahohdj mbj odpìtuj` mbj prbsupubst` o`rrhbatb o`rrbsp`amhbatb d jd sboohÿa prbsupubstdrhd mb qub sb trdtb3 ba bj bcbrohoh` halbmhdt` shnuhbatb, bj >9%7 ba bj sbnuam` bcbrohoh`, bj 69%, y ba bj tbrobr y bj oudrt` bcbrohoh`, bj 29%. Ba j`s o`atrdt`s mb `krds mb odräotbr pjurhdaudj sb rbdjhzdrä uad rbtbaohÿa dmhoh`adj mb orèmht` mbj 49% mbj hlp`rtb mb jd dmcumhodohÿa ba bj lhsl` l`lbat` ba qub tband jundr jd dmcumhodohÿa. Bstd rbtbaohÿa dmhoh`adj sb dpjhodrä ba bj bcbrohoh` ba qub dodkb jd `krd, ` ba bj shnuhbatb, sbnóa bj l`lbat` ba qub sb prbvbd bj pdn` mbj obrthfhodm` fhadj. Bstds rbtbaoh`abs o`lputda mbatr` mb j`s jìlhtbs p`robatudjbs rbfbrhm`s datbrh`rlbatb. Ba bj ods` mb dmquhshoh`abs mhrbotds mb khbabs halubkjbs p`r ua hlp`rtb supbrh`r d 299.999 bur`s, bj mbsblk`js` hahohdj dj f`rldjhzdr bj o`atrdt` a` p`mrä sbr hafbrh`r dj ;2% mbj prboh`, y bj rbst` mbj prboh` sb p`mrä mhstrhkuhr ba j`s oudtr` bcbrohoh`s shnuhbatbs, mbatr` mb jds jhlhtdoh`abs p`robatudjbs rbfbrhm`s datbrh`rlbatb. Jds jhlhtdoh`abs d jds qub sb rbfhbrb bj dpdrtdm` 4 mbj prbsbatb drtìouj` a` sbräa mb dpjhodohÿa d j`s shnuhbatbs ods`s3 - Drrbamdlhbat` mb khbabs halubkjbs. - Odrnds fhadaohbrds mbrhvdmds mbj bambumdlhbat`, jds oudjbs sb rbnhräa p`r jd a`rldthvd qub sbd mb dpjhodohÿa ba oudat` dj pr`obmhlhbat`, jd o`lpbtbaohd y j`s jìlhtbs. - [b`rndahzdoh`abs dmlhahstrdthvds qub dfbotba d mhvbrsds sbooh`abs prbsupubstdrhds. Bxobpoh`adjlbatb, ba ods`s bspbohdjlbatb custhfhodm`s, sb p`mrä bxobptudr jd dpjhodohÿa mb jds jhlhtdoh`abs ohtdmds datbrh`rlbatb, ` l`mhfhodr j`s p`robatdcbs y bj aólbr` mb daudjhmdmbs läxhlds. Bstd bxobpohÿa sbrä mbojdrdmd, sbnóa bj bxpbmhbatb mb qub sb trdtb ba odmd ods`, p`r j`s shnuhbatbs ÿrnda`s3
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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bmht`rhdj } obp
- Bj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`, d pr`pubstd mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s, shblprb qub j`s p`robatdcbs a` rbkdsba bj 89% ba bj prhlbr bcbrohoh`, bj 59% ba bj sbnuam` bcbrohoh` y bj >9% ba bj rbst` mb bcbrohoh`s, ` jds daudjhmdmbs a` sb bxthbamda d läs mb mhbz, y tdlkhèa ba j`s ods`s ba qub, pbsb d qub sb rbkdsb oudjquhbrd mb bst`s ulkrdjbs p`robatudjbs ` mb daudjhmdmbs, bj ndst` t`tdj mbj bxpbmhbatb pjurhdaudj sbd hafbrh`r d 6 lhjj`abs mb bur`s. Dshlhsl`, o`rrbsp`amb ba t`m` ods` dj O`asbc` mb N`khbra` bxobptudr jd dpjhodohÿa mb j`s jìlhtbs prbvhst`s ba bj dpdrtdm` 4 datbrh`r oudam` sb trdtb mb bxpbmhbatbs rbjdthv`s d o`aohbrt`s bmuodthv`s, bxpbmhbatbs mb trdasfbrbaohds d bathmdmbs hastrulbatdjbs hatbnrdatbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dut`aÿlho` ` bxpbmhbatbs qub sb trdlhtba o`a odrn` d sbooh`abs prbsupubstdrhds mb sbrvhoh`s o`luabs. - J`s ÿrnda`s ÿrnda`s o`lpbtbatbs o`lpbtbatbs mbj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, mb jd _hamhodturd mb Oubatds mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, mb jd @fhohad mb Yrbvbaohÿa y Juoed o`atrd jd O`rrupohÿa ba jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, mbj O`asbc` Dumh`vhsudj mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs ` mb jd Rahvbrshmdm mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, ba j`s lhsl`s ods`s rbnujdm`s ba bj dpdrtdm` datbrh`r, oudam` bj ndst` pjurhdaudj sbd hlputdkjb d j`s prbsupubst`s rbspbothv`s mb bst`s batbs. - Jd O`lhshÿa mb Edohbamd y Yrbsupubst`s mbj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, oudam` sb rbkdsba j`s ulkrdjbs prbvhst`s ba j`s dpdrtdm`s datbrh`rbs. Ba j`s ods`s mb trdlhtdohÿa dathohpdmd mb bxpbmhbatbs mb ndst` d qub edob rbfbrbaohd bj drtìouj` >4 mb bstd jby, mbkbräa oulpjhrsb dshlhsl` j`s jìlhtbs y jds daudjhmdmbs ` j`s hlp`rtbs dut`rhzdm`s qub prbvèa j`s dpdrtdm`s datbrh`rbs, mbkhbam` batbambrsb o`l` prhlbr bcbrohoh` d j`s bfbot`s mbj oulpjhlhbat` mb bst`s jìlhtbs y daudjhmdmbs bj bcbrohoh` ba bj qub mbspjhbnub bfbot`s jd dut`rhzdohÿa mbj ndst`.
• O`lpbtbaohd ba ldtbrhd mb ndst`s pjurhdaudjbs O`rrbsp`ambrä dj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s dut`rhzdr jd hlputdohÿa mb j`s ndst`s d bcbrohoh`s futur`s, sha pbrcuhoh` mb jds o`lpbtbaohds ba ldtbrhd mb bcbouohÿa mbj prbsupubst` mb ndst`s qub, mb o`af`rlhmdm o`a j` bstdkjbohm` ba bj drtìouj` >; mb bstd jby, mbtbrlhab jd o`rrbsp`amhbatb jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs. Dshlhsl`, bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s tbamrä jd fdoujtdm mb l`mhfhodr jds daudjhmdmbs o`lpr`lbthmds, shblprb qub bstd p`shkhjhmdm bstè prbvhstd ba bj ldro` jbndj ` o`avbaoh`adj qub rhcd bj o`lpr`lhs` mbj ndst` y sb bcbrzd mbatr` mb jds mhsp`ahkhjhmdmbs prbsupubstdrhds y mb doubrm` o`a bj pr`obmhlhbat` rbnjdlbatdrhdlbatb bstdkjbohm`. Ba t`m` ods`, jd dpr`kdohÿa y jd l`mhfhodohÿa mb dut`rhzdoh`abs y o`lpr`lhs`s mb ndst`s mb odräotbr pjurhdaudj rbqubrhräa ua haf`rlb prbvh` mb jd mhrboohÿa nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb prbsupubst`s y jd o`rrbsp`amhbatb fhsodjhzdohÿa mb jd Hatbrvbaohÿa Nbabrdj. O`rrbsp`ambrä d j`s ÿrnda`s o`lpbtbatbs mbj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, mb jd _hamhodturd mb Oubatds mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, mb jd @fhohad mb Yrbvbaohÿa y Juoed o`atrd jd O`rrupohÿa ba jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, mbj O`asbc` Dumh`vhsudj mb jds jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs y mb jd Rahvbrshmdm mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, mb doubrm` o`a jds a`rlds bspbohdjbs dpjhodkjbs d bst`s batbs, dut`rhzdr jd hlputdohÿa mb j`s ndst`s d bcbrohoh`s futur`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d sus prbsupubst`s rbspbothv`s.
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bmht`rhdj } obp
• Hlputdohÿa mb ndst`s pjurhdaudjbs dj prbsupubst` o`rrhbatb J`s ÿrnda`s o`lpbtbatbs pdrd dut`rhzdr y mhsp`abr ndst`s mb odräotbr pjurhdaudj dmdptdräa, datbs mbj mìd ?4 mb babr` mb odmd dô`, jds dut`rhzdoh`abs y j`s o`lpr`lhs`s hlputdkjbs dj bcbrohoh` ba ours` d j`s orèmht`s prbvhst`s ba j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs, sha pbrcuhoh` mb qub, prbvhdlbatb, sb pubmda trdlhtdr j`s bxpbmhbatbs mb l`mhfhodohÿa mb orèmht` qub sb o`ashmbrba dmboudm`s, mb doubrm` o`a bstd jby. A` `kstdatb, ba ods`s bxobpoh`adjbs mbkhmdlbatb l`thvdm`s, bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s p`mrä dut`rhzdr qub jd dmdptdohÿa d qub sb rbfhbrb bj dpdrtdm` datbrh`r sb rbdjhob datbs mbj ?4 mb ldrz` mbj bcbrohoh`.
k. Ndst`s pjurhdaudjbs mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj J`s o`lpr`lhs`s mb ndst` mb odräotbr pjurhdaudj mb jds bathmdmbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj sb dcustdräa d jds a`rlds bstdkjbohmds ba bj drtìouj` 8 mb jd Jby >/;949 y ba su a`rldthvd rbnjdlbatdrhd mb mbsdrr`jj`.
o. Ndst`s bstruoturdjbs y ndst`s rbourrbatbs _b o`ashmbrda ndst`s bstruoturdjbs j`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d havbrsh`abs aubvds ` d `trds dotudoh`abs qub a` sbda mb lbrd rbp`shohÿa hlputdkjbs dj odpìtuj` bo`aÿlho` mb havbrsh`abs h avbrsh`abs rbdjbs mb j`s prbsupubst`s mb jds bathmdmbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` ` d jds vdrhdoh`abs mb dothv`s a` fhadaohbr`s mbj prbsupubst` mb odphtdj mb jds bathmdmbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj qub, uad vbz hlpjdatdmds, nbabrda `tr`s ndst`s rbourrbatbs ba bcbrohoh`s futur`s dj bcbrohoh` mb hlpjdatdohÿa ds`ohdm`s mhrbotdlbatb o`a bj dothv` ` jd dothvhmdm o`rrbsp`amhbatb. J`s ndst`s bstruoturdjbs, prbvhdlbatb dj dot` mb dut`rhzdohÿa mbj ndst` qub o`rrbsp`amd d jd havbrshÿa ` dotudohÿa hahohdj, sbräa dut`rhzdm`s p`r bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s `, ba j`s ods`s qub dfbotba d j`s prbsupubst`s mbj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, mb jd _hamhodturd mb Oubatds mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, mb jd @fhohad mb Yrbvbaohÿa y Juoed o`atrd jd O`rrupohÿa ba jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, mbj O`asbc` Dumh`vhsudj mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs ` mb jd Rahvbrshmdm mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, p`r j`s ÿrnda`s o`lpbtbatbs ba odmd ods`, mb doubrm` o`a jds a`rlds bspbohdjbs dpjhodkjbs d bst`s batbs. Ydrd jd dut`rhzdohÿa sb tbamräa ba oubatd bj hlpdot` bo`aÿlho`, ba tèrlha`s mb s`stbahkhjhmdm fhadaohbrd, mb j`s ndst`s rbourrbatbs futur`s y su baodcb ba bj pjda prbsupubstdrh` pjurhdaudj mb jd o`rrbsp`amhbatb sboohÿa prbsupubstdrhd, mb doubrm` o`a jd s`jhohtum vdj`rdmd y l`thvdmd mb jd pbrs`ad thtujdr mb jd o`rrbsp`amhbatb sboohÿa prbsupubstdrhd y o`a bj haf`rlb prbobpthv` mb jd mhrboohÿa nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb prbsupubst`s.
[bnjdlbatdrhdlbatb, sb p`mräa mbsdrr`jjdr j`s thp`s mb ndst`, qub, ba t`m` ods`, sb o`ashmbrdräa bstruoturdjbs, dsì o`l` su rbnhstr` dmboudm` b hambpbamhbatb y jd ldabrd mb dorbmhtdr bj hlpdot` bo`aÿlho`.
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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bmht`rhdj } obp
F. Bcbouohÿa y jhquhmdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` d. A`rlds nbabrdjbs mb nbsthÿa mbj prbsupubst` mb ndst`s • Yr`obmhlhbat` mb nbsthÿa mb ndst`s Jd nbsthÿa mbj prbsupubst` mb ndst`s o`lprbamb jds fdsbs mb dut`rhzdohÿa mbj ndst`, mhsp`shohÿa ` o`lpr`lhs` mbj ndst`, rbo`a`ohlhbat` ` jhquhmdohÿa mb jd `kjhndohÿa y `rmbadohÿa mbj pdn`. Jd dut`rhzdohÿa mbj ndst` bs bj dot` p`r bj qub sb doubrmd jd rbdjhzdohÿa mb ua ndst` o`a odrn` d ua orèmht` prbsupubstdrh` mbtbrlhadm` sha supbrdr bj hlp`rtb mhsp`ahkjb, odjoujdm` mb ldabrd ohbrtd ` dpr`xhldmd p`r bxobs`, rbsbrvdam` d bstb bfbot` jd t`tdjhmdm ` uad pdrtb mbj ohtdm` orèmht` prbsupubstdrh` mhsp`ahkjb. Jd mhsp`shohÿa ` bj o`lpr`lhs` mbj ndst` bs bj dot` p`r bj qub sb doubrmd, uad vbz oulpjhm`s j`s trälhtbs jbndjbs qub pr`obmda, rbdjhzdr ua ndst` d fdv`r mb ua tbrobr` y p`r ua hlp`rtb y uads o`amhoh`abs bxdotdlbatb mbtbrlhadm`s ` mbtbrlhadkjbs. Bj rbo`a`ohlhbat` ` jd jhquhmdohÿa mb jd `kjhndohÿa bs bj dot` p`r bj qub sb mbojdrd qub bxhstb ua orèmht` bxhnhkjb o`atrd jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld ` jd bathmdm o`rrbsp`amhbatb, rbsujtdatb mb ua ndst` dut`rhzdm` y o`lpr`lbthm`. Bj rbo`a`ohlhbat` mb `kjhndoh`abs sb bfbotudrä uad vbz dorbmhtdmd m`oulbatdjlbatb jd rbdjhzdohÿa mb jd prbstdohÿa ` bj mbrboe` mbj dorbbm`r qub ba odmd ods` custhfhqub jd `kjhndohÿa, ba j`s tèrlha`s qub sb prbvbda jbndjlbatb ` rbnjdlbatdrhdlbatb, y o`lp`rtdrä jd o`rrbsp`amhbatb pr`pubstd mb pdn`. Jd `rmbadohÿa mbj pdn` bs bj dot` p`r p`r bj qub sb doubrmd bcboutdr, bcboutdr, ba rbjdohÿa o`a uad ` mhvbrsds `kjhndoh`abs, jd `rmba mbj pdn` o`atrd jd ]bs`rbrìd mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld.
Mb doubrm` o`a jd adturdjbzd mb j`s ndst`s y sbnóa orhtbrh`s mb bo`a`lìd y dnhjhmdm dmlhahstrdthvd, sb p`mräa doulujdr ba ua s`j` dot` mhvbrsds fdsbs mb jd bcbouohÿa mbj prbsupubst` mb ndst`s. Jd Hatbrvbaohÿa Nbabrdj y jd ]bs`rbrìd Nbabrdj mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld vbjdräa p`r bj o`rrbot` fuaoh`adlhbat` mbj pr`obmhlhbat` mb jd bcbouohÿa mbj prbsupubst` mb ndst`s, y dmboudräa, d tdj bfbot`, sus m`oulbat`s o`atdkjbs mbj l`m` qub sb mbtbrlhab p`r lbmh` mb jd `rmba mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s d qub sb rbfhbrb bj drtìouj` 4?=.m) mb bstd jby. Bxobpoh`adjlbatb pdrd bj rbo`a`ohlhbat` bxtrdcumhohdj mb orèmht`s o`a odrn` d jd edohbamd mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, bj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`, d pr`pubstd mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s y mb doubrm` o`a bj drtìouj` 26 mb jd Jby ?8/;942, mb 4 mb `otukrb, mbj pr`obmhlhbat` dmlhahstrdthv` o`lóa mb jds dmlhahstrdoh`abs pókjhods, p`mrä `rmbadr jd lbmhmd pr`vhsh`adj mb qub bst`s orèmht`s sb hlputba halbmhdtdlbatb dj prbsupubst` d bfbot`s mb jjbvdr d odk` j`s pdn`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs. Bst`s pdn`s tbamräa odräotbr mb d oubatd, mbtbrlhaäam`sb bj hlp`rtb mbfhahthv` ba jd jhquhmdohÿa qub rbsujtb mbj pr`obmhlhbat` o`rrbsp`amhbatb, qub sb hao`drä ba ua pjdz` läxhl` mb quhaob mìds.
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bmht`rhdj } obp
• ]rdlhtdohÿa dathohpdmd mb bxpbmhbatbs mb ndst` J`s bxpbmhbatbs mb ndst` qub tbanda qub nbabrdr `kjhndoh`abs bo`aÿlhods pdrd jd edohbamd mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld sb p`mräa trdlhtdr ba bj bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh` halbmhdtdlbatb datbrh`r dj mb hahoh` mb jd dothvhmdm ` prbstdohÿa ouyd bcbouohÿa tband qub mdr jundr dj rbo`a`ohlhbat` mb jd `kjhndohÿa. Bstd trdlhtdohÿa p`mrä o`lprbambr jds fdsbs o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d jd dut`rhzdohÿa mbj ndst` y d jd mhsp`shohÿa ` bj o`lpr`lhs` mbj ndst`, mb odräotbr daudj ` pjurhdaudj, y qubmdrä o`amhoh`admd dj orèmht` qub, pdrd bj shnuhbatb bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh` y, ba su ods`, pdrd j`s shnuhbatbs bcbrohoh`s prbsupubstdrh`s, dut`rhob jd jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld. Oudam` sb trdtb mb dut`rhzdoh`abs ` o`lpr`lhs`s mb ndst` mb odräotbr pjurhdaudj, jd trdlhtdohÿa dath ohpdmd mbj bxpbmhbatb mb ndst` mbkbrä rbspbtdr, dshlhsl`, jds a`rlds o`atbahmds ba j`s drtìouj`s 6= d 6> mb jd Jby 4=/;94=. [bnjdlbatdrhdlbatb, sb mbsdrr`jjdräa j`s rbquhsht`s bxhnhkjbs ba jd trdlhtdohÿa mb bst`s bxpbmhbatbs dathohpdm`s mb ndst`.
• O`lpbtbaohds ba jd nbsthÿa mb j`s ndst`s Mbatr` mb j`s jìlhtbs fhcdm`s daudjlbatb p`r jd jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs, jd dut`rhzdohÿa y jd mhsp`shohÿa mb j`s ndst`s, bj rbo`a`ohlhbat` mb jd `kjhndohÿa y jd pr`pubstd mb `rmbadohÿa mbj pdn` o`rrbsp`ambräa, o`a odräotbr nbabrdj, d j`s shnuhbatbs ÿrnda`s3 - D jd Lbsd Lbsd mbj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, o`a rbjdohÿa d jd sboohÿa prbsupubstdrhd o`rrbsp`amhbatb dj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs7 dj mhrbot`r mb jd @fhohad mb Yrbvbaohÿa y Juoed o`atrd jd O`rrupohÿa ba jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, o`a rbjdohÿa d jd sboohÿa o`rrbsp`amhbatb d mhoed `fhohad7 dj sìamho` ldy`r, o`a rbjdohÿa d jd sboohÿa o`rrbsp`amhbatb d jd _hamhodturd mb Oubatds mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs7 y dj prbshmbatb mbj O`asbc` Dumh`vhsudj mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, o`a rbjdohÿa d jd sboohÿa o`rrbsp`amhbatb dj O`asbc` Dumh`vhsudj mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs. - Dj prbshmbatb mbj N`khbra`, dj vhobprbshmbatb, ba su ods`, y dj thtujdr mb jd o`asbcbrìd o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb rbjdoh`abs hasthtuoh`adjbs, hamhsthatdlbatb, o`a rbjdohÿa d jd sboohÿa prbsupubstdrhd rbjdthvd d prbshmbaohd ` d rbjdoh`abs hasthtuoh`adjbs, y d j`s o`asbcbr`s, o`a rbjdohÿa d jds o`rrbsp`amhbatbs sbooh`abs prbsupubstdrhds. - Dj prbshmbatb mbj O`asbc` O`asujthv` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs y dj prbshmbatb mbj O`asbc` Bo`aÿlho` y _`ohdj mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, o`a rbjdohÿa d jds sbooh`abs prbsupubstdrhds rbspbothvds. - Dj mhrbot`r nbabrdj mbj _brvhoh` mb _djum mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs, o`a rbjdohÿa dj prbsupubst` mb ndst`s mb bstd bathmdm. - D j`s prbshmbatbs ` mhrbot`rbs mb j`s `rndahsl`s dutÿa`l`s, mb jd Dnbaohd ]rhkutdrhd mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs y mbj rbst` mb bathmdmbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv`, o`a rbjdohÿa d jds sbooh`abs prbsupubstdrhds ` d j`s prbsupubst`s rbspbothv`s. - Dj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`, ba j`s supubst`s qub dsì j` bstdkjbzod bstdkjbzod jd jby mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld u `trd a`rld mb rdan` jbndj. ]`m` bjj` sb batbambrä sha pbrcuhoh` mb jd dut`rhzdohÿa prbvhd mbj O`asbc` mb N`khbra` qub, sh pr`obmb, sbd bxhnhkjb mb doubrm` o`a j` prbvhst` ba bj drtìouj` >.f) mb bstd jby.
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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bmht`rhdj } obp
• @rmbadohÿa mb pdn`s J`s pdn`s sb `rmbadräa lbmhdatb jds ÿrmbabs o`rrbsp`amhbatbs qub bj `rmbadm`r mb pdn`s jhkrdrä d fdv`r mb j`s dorbbm`rbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld. Kdc` jd dut`rhmdm supbrh`r mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s, o`rrbsp`ambräa dj mhrbot`r nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb tbs`rbrìd jds fuaoh`abs mb `rmbadm`r nbabrdj mb pdn`s mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld y mb j`s `rndahsl`s dutÿa`l`s y mbläs bathmdmbs hatbnrdatbs mb jd edohbamd pókjhod dut`aÿlhod. Dshlhsl`, o`rrbsp`ambrä dj mhrbot`r nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb tbs`rbrìd jd fuaohÿa mb `rmbadm`r nbabrdj mb pdn`s mb j`s o`as`roh`s sha prbsupubst` pr`ph`, dsì o`l` mb j`s o`as`roh`s o`a prbsupubst` pr`ph` qub mbjbnuba bstd fuaohÿa ba jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld. Jd mhsp`shohÿa ldtbrhdj mb f`am`s sb bfbotudrä, abobsdrhdlbatb, o`a jd fhrld mbj mhrbot`r nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb tbs`rbrìd y, sh pr`obmb, mbj hatbrvbat`r nbabrdj, sha pbrcuhoh` mb jd bvbatudj mbjbndohÿa ` supjbaohd mb `trds uahmdmbs dmlhahstrdthvds mbkhmdlbatb dut`rhzdmds. A` `kstdatb, a` sbrä abobsdrhd jd fhrld ldausorhtd mbj hatbrvbat`r nbabrdj oudam` sb trdtb mb l`vhlhbat`s hatbra`s mb f`am`s batrb oubatds mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, ah tdlp`o` oudam` sb trdtb mb pdn`s s`p`rtdm`s p`r m`oulbat`s o`atdkjbs qub edyda shm` trdlhtdm`s mb doubrm` o`a j`s dut`ldthsl`s bstdkjbohm`s ba bj o`rrbsp`amhbatb shstbld haf`rlätho`. O`a bj `kcbthv` mb dnhjhzdr jd `rmbadohÿa mb pdn`s y bj sbrvhoh` mb odcd sb p`mräa orbdr jds `rmbadoh`abs mb pdn`s sbouamdrhds qub sb bsthlba abobsdrhds, ouy`s thtujdrbs sbräa a`lkrdm`s p`r bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s.
Jd bxpbmhohÿa mb ÿrmbabs mb pdn` d odrn` mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld sb dcustdrä dj pjda mb tbs`rbrìd qub bstdkjbzod bj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`, d pr`pubstd mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s.
k. A`rlds bspboìfhods rbjdthvds d mbtbrlhadm`s ndst`s y pdn`s • A`lkrdlhbat` mb pbrs`adj fuaoh`adrh` hatbrha` mb pr`nrdld y o`atrdtdohÿa mb pbrs`adj jdk`rdj tblp`rdj o`a odrn` d j`s orèmht`s mb havbrsh`abs Bxobpoh`adjlbatb, jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs y bj rbst` mb bathmdmbs qub hatbnrda bj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` p`mräa f`rldjhzdr, o`a odrn` d j`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs orèmht`s mb havbrsh`abs, a`lkrdlhbat`s mb pbrs`adj fuaoh`adrh` hatbrha` mb pr`nrdld ` o`atrdtdoh`abs mb pbrs`adj jdk`rdj mb odräotbr tblp`rdj pdrd mbsdrr`jjdr pr`nrdlds tblp`rdjbs vhaoujdm`s d jd bcbouohÿa mb `krds ` jd rbdjhzdohÿa mb sbrvhoh`s, shblprb qub sb custhfhqub uad abobshmdm urnbatb b hadpjdzdkjb, h adpjdzdkjb, y o`aourrda j`s rbquhsht`s nbabrdjbs dpjhodkjbs dj a`lkrdlhbat` hatbrha` y d jd o`atrdtdohÿa tblp`rdj mb doubrm` o`a jds jbybs daudjbs mb prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld y bj rbst` mb jbybs dpjhodkjbs, dsì o`l` j`s shnuhbatbs rbquhsht`s bspboìfho`s3 - Tub bj a`lkrdlhbat` ` jd o`atrdtdohÿa tbanda o`l` `kcbt` jd bcbouohÿa mb `krds ` jd rbdjhzdohÿa mb sbrvhoh`s qub tbanda jd adturdjbzd mb havbrsh`abs.
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]bld ;=
bmht`rhdj } obp
- Tub jds `krds ` j`s sbrvhoh`s o`rrbsp`amda d havbrsh`abs prbvhstds y dpr`kdmds ba ba j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs. - Tub jds `krds `krds ` j`s sbrvhoh`s a` o`ashstda ba ahanóa ods` ba jd rbdjhzdohÿa mb dothvhmdmbs bstruoturdjbs `rmhadrhdlbatb edkhtudjbs mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld ` mb sus bathmdmbs hastrulbatdjbs. - Tub jds `krds ` j`s sbrvhoh`s sbrvhoh`s a` pubmda sbr bcboutdm`s o`a o`a bj pbrs`adj mb jd pjdathjjd y a` edyd mhsp`ahkhjhmdm sufhohbatb ba bj orèmht` prbsupubstdrh` mbsthadm` dj a`lkrdlhbat` ` d jd o`atrdtdohÿa mb pbrs`adj. Bj a`lkrdlhbat` ` jd o`atrdtdohÿa p`mräa bxobmbr bj bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh` oudam` sb trdtb mb pr`nrdlds mb mbsdrr`jj` mb `krds ` sbrvhoh`s qub tbanda qub bxobmbr bj bcbrohoh` o`rrhbatb y o`rrbsp`amda d pr`ybot`s mb havbrshÿa mb odräotbr pjurhdaudj qub oulpjda o`a j`s rbquhsht`s mb j`s drtìouj`s 6= d 66 mb bstd jby. Jd o`atrdtdohÿa mb pbrs`adj jdk`rdj tblp`rdj y bj a`lkrdlhbat` mb fuaoh`adrh`s hatbrha`s ba jds o`amhoh`abs bstdkjbohmds ba j`s dpdrtdm`s datbrh`rbs rbqubrhräa j`s haf`rlbs prbvh`s mbj mhrbot`r nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb prbsupubst`s y mbj mhrbot`r nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb fuaohÿa pókjhod, j`s oudjbs sb pr`auaohdräa, rbspbothvdlbatb, s`krb j`s dspbot`s prbsupubstdrh`s y mb jbndjhmdm dpjhodkjbs, d s`jhohtum l`thvdmd mbj ÿrnda` mhrbothv` o`lpbtbatb p`r rdzÿa mb jd ldtbrhd. Dshlhsl`, datbs mb f`rldjhzdr bj a`lkrdlhbat` ` bj o`atrdt`, bj sbrvhoh` curìmho` mb jd o`asbcbrìd ` mb jd bathmdm o`rrbsp`amhbatb blhthrä ua haf`rlb qub sb pr`auaohdrä s`krb bj oulpjhlhbat` mb j`s rbquhsht`s bspboìfho`s lbaoh`adm`s datbrh`rlbatb. J`s a`lkrdlhbat`s y j`s o`atrdt`s rbfbrhm`s sbräa `kcbt` mb fhsodjhzdohÿa prbvhd ba j`s ods`s ba qub rbsujtb prbobpthvd, mb o`af`rlhmdm o`a j` mhspubst` ba j`s drtìouj`s 442 y shnuhbatbs mb bstd jby. D tdj bfbot`, j`s orèmht`s mb havbrsh`abs sb batbambräa dmboudm`s pdrd bj a`lkrdlhbat` mb pbrs`adj fuaoh`adrh` hatbrha` mb pr`nrdld ` pdrd jd o`atrdtdohÿa mb pbrs`adj jdk`rdj tblp`rdj sh a` bxhstb orèmht` sufhohbatb pdrd bjj` ba bj o`aobpt` prbsupubstdrh` mbsthadm` bspboìfhodlbatb d jd ohtdmd fhadjhmdm.
• Blkdrn` mb mbrboe`s mb o`kr` Jds pr`vhmbaohds y jds mhjhnbaohds mb blkdrn`, j`s ldamdlhbat`s mb bcbouohÿa, jds rbs`juoh`abs mb hahoh` mb pr`obmhlhbat`s dmlhahstrdthv`s mb o`lpbasdohÿa y j`s mbläs dot`s mb o`atbahm` shlhjdr, mhotdm`s p`r ÿrnda`s cumhohdjbs ` dmlhahstrdthv`s ba rbjdohÿa o`a mbrboe`s mb o`kr` qub j`s pdrthoujdrbs tbanda datb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld ` sus `rndahsl`s dutÿa`l`s, y ouy` pdn` sb tband qub rbdjhzdr o`a odrn` d jd ]bs`rbrìd mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld, sb o`luahodräa d jd mhrboohÿa nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb tbs`rbrìd. Jd o`luahodohÿa o`atbamrä, o`l` lìahl`, bj a`lkrb ` jd mba`lhadohÿa s`ohdj y bj aólbr` mb hmbathfhodohÿa fhsodj mb jd pbrs`ad ` bathmdm o`rrbsp`amhbatb, bj hlp`rtb mbj blkdrn`, jd bcbouohÿa ` jd rbtbaohÿa qub tband qub rbdjhzdrsb y jd bspbohfhodohÿa mbj mbrboe` mb o`kr` dfbotdm`, o`a bxprbshÿa mbj hlp`rtb y jds rbs`juoh`abs y j`s m`oulbat`s o`atdkjbs o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d bstb mbrboe`. J`s ÿrnda`s mb jd dmlhahstrdohÿa dut`aÿlhod d j`s qub sb a`thfhquba j`s dot`s hamhodm`s ba bj dpdrtdm` 4 datbrh`r óahodlbatb j`s rblhthräa d jd mhrboohÿa nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb tbs`rbrìd oudam` bst`s oulpjda o`a j`s rbquhsht`s bspbohfhodm`s ba bj dpdrtdm` ; datbrh`r. Ba ods` o`atrdrh`, j`s ohtdm`s ÿrnda`s mbv`jvbräa, l`thvdmdlbatb, j`s m`oulbat`s rbohkhm`s dj ÿrnda` cumhohdj ` dmlhahstrdthv` qub edyd mhotdm` bj dot`.
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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bmht`rhdj } obp
• Ydn`s d custhfhodr Jds ÿrmbabs mb pdn` qub ba bj l`lbat` mb sbr bxpbmhmds a` pubmda hr do`lpdôdmds mb j`s m`oulbat`s custhfhodthv`s qub dorbmhtba bj mbrboe` mbj dorbbm`r tbamräa bj odräotbr mb pdn`s d custhfhodr, sha pbrcuhoh` mb qub sb dpjhquba d j`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs orèmht`s prbsupubstdrh`s. J`s pbrobpt`rbs mb bstds ÿrmbabs mb pdn`s d custhfhodr bstdräa `kjhndm`s d custhfhodr jd dpjhodohÿa mb jds oudatìds rbohkhmds ba bj pjdz` läxhl` mb trbs lbsbs. Bj mhrbot`r nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb tbs`rbrìd p`mrä, bxobpoh`adjlbatb, dlpjhdr bstb pjdz` d sbhs lbsbs, d pr`pubstd mbj ÿrnda` nbst`r mbj orèmht`, prbvh` haf`rlb mb jd Hatbrvbaohÿa Nbabrdj. Ba bj trdasours` mbj lbs shnuhbatb d jd fboed mb dp`rtdohÿa mb j`s m`oulbat`s custhfhodthv`s d qub sb rbfhbrba j`s dpdrtdm`s datbrh`rbs mbj prbsbatb drtìouj`, bj ÿrnda` o`lpbtbatb dpr`kdrä ` rbothfhodrä jd oubatd custhfhodthvd. [bnjdlbatdrhdlbatb, sb mbsdrr`jjdräa jds a`rlds dpjhodkjbs d bst`s pdn`s d custhfhodr.
• Ydn`s hambkhm`s y `tr`s rbhatbnr`s D bfbot`s mb jd Jby 4=/;94=, sb batbambrä p`r pdn` hambkhm` dqubj qub sb rbdjhob p`r brr`r ldtbrhdj, drhtlètho` ` mb eboe` d fdv`r mb uad pbrs`ad qub a` tband ahanóa mbrboe` mb o`kr` datb jd dmlhahstrdohÿa o`a rbspbot` d mhoe` pdn` ` ba uad oudatìd qub bxobmd jd qub o`astb ba bj dot` qub edyd rbo`a`ohm` bj mbrboe` mbj dorbbm`r. Bj pbrobpt`r mb ua pdn` hambkhm` t`tdj ` pdrohdj bstdrä `kjhndm` d su rbsthtuohÿa. Bj ÿrnda` qub edyd o`lbthm` bj brr`r qub edyd `rhnhadm` bj pdn` hambkhm` mhsp`amrä halbmhdtdlbatb, mb `fhoh`, jd rbsthtuohÿa mb jds oudatìds pdndmds hambkhmdlbatb mb doubrm` o`a j`s pr`obmhlhbat`s bstdkjbohm`s rbnjdlbatdrhdlbatb. A` `kstdatb, bj ÿrnda` o`lpbtbatb pdrd pr`p`abr j`s pdn`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs p`mrä mbso`atdr, ba j`s pdn`s p`stbrh`rbs qub sb tbanda qub edobr d jd lhsld pbrs`ad ` bathmdm, jd oudatìd o`rrbsp`amhbatb dj pdn` prbvh` hambkhm`, o`a bj o`asbathlhbat` mb jd pbrs`ad ` bathmdm hatbrbsdmd, y sha qub sb tband qub trdlhtdr ahanóa pr`obmhlhbat`, ba j`s shnuhbatbs ods`s3 - Ba jds rbjdoh`abs curìmhods mb trdot` suobshv` o`a tbrobr`s. - Ba t`mds jds rbjdoh`abs curìmhods curìmhods o`a tbrobr`s tbrobr`s mb jds bathmdmbs hastrulbatdjbs mbj mbj sbot`r pókjho` dut`aÿlho` a` hatbnrdmds ba jd edohbamd pókjhod mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld. - Ba jds rbjdoh`abs curìmhods hatbrads batrb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld y jds bathmdmbs hastrulbatdjbs hatbnrdatbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dut`aÿlho`. Jd rbvhshÿa mb j`s dot`s mb j`s qub mbrhvba rbhatbnr`s mhfbrbatbs d j`s qub o`rrbsp`amda d j`s pdn`s hambkhm`s datbrh`rlbatb lbaoh`adm`s, sb rbdjhzdrä mb doubrm` o`a bj pr`obmhlhbat` nbabrdj mb rbvhshÿa mb `fhoh` mb dot`s auj`s ` daujdkjbs qub sbd mb dpjhodohÿa, sbnóa jd odusd qub mbtbrlhab su havdjhmbz, ` mb o`af`rlhmdm o`a j`s pr`obmhlhbat`s bspboìfho`s qub, ba su ods`, bstdkjbzoda jds a`rlds rbnujdm`rds mb j`s mhfbrbatbs hanrbs`s. Jd bfbothvhmdm mb j`s hanrbs`s p`r rdzÿa mb pdn`s hambkhm`s u `tr`s rbhatbnr`s d fdv`r mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld qub, sh pr`obmb, sb mbojdrba p`r jd o`rrbsp`amhbatb rbs`juohÿa dmlhahstrdthvd sb s`lbtbrä d j` bstdkjbohm` ba bj tìtuj` H mb jd prbsbatb jby rbspbot` mb j`s mbrboe`s qub hatbnrda jd edohbamd pókjhod mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld. _djv` j` qub sb bstdkjbzod ba jd a`rldthvd rbnujdm`rd mb j`s mhfbrbatbs rbhatbnr`s, bj rbhatbnr` mb pdn`s hambkhm`s ` mbojdrdm`s haväjhm`s mbvbandrä bj hatbrès prbvhst` ba bj drtìouj` ;? mb jd prbsbatb jby, mbsmb bj l`lbat` ba qub sb rbdjhob bj pdn` edstd jd fboed ba qub sb doubrmb jd
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]bld ;=
bmht`rhdj } obp
pr`obmbaohd mbj rbhatbnr`, `, ba su ods`, edstd jd fboed ba qub bj pbrobpt`r mbvubjvd v`juatdrhdlbatb j`s f`am`s pbrohkhm`s sha bj rbqubrhlhbat` prbvh` mb jd dmlhahstrdohÿa, o`a bxobpohÿa mb j`s ods`s d qub sb rbfhbrb bj sbnuam` pärrdf` mbj dpdrtdm` ; mbj drtìouj` >>. J` mhspubst` ba bj pärrdf` datbrh`r tdlkhèa sb dpjhodrä ba j`s supubst`s sha a`rldthvd bspboìfhod ba qub pr`obmd rbhatbnrdr jds oudatìds pbrohkhmds mb jd edohbamd pókjhod dut`aÿlhod p`rqub bj pbrobpt`r mb j`s f`am`s ed haoulpjhm` jds o`amhoh`abs bstdkjbohmds pdrd su batrbnd ` p`rqub a` ed custhfhodm` o`rrbotdlbatb su oulpjhlhbat`. Ba j`s ods`s mb dp`rtdoh`abs ` trdasfbrbaohds d fdv`r mb bathmdmbs hastrulbatdjbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dut`aÿlho`, o`rrbsp`ambrä dj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s mbojdrdr jd `kjhndohÿa mb rbhatbnr` qub, ba su ods`, pr`obmd, p`r haoulpjhlhbat` mb jds o`amhoh`abs bstdkjbohmds pdrd su batrbnd ` p`r fdjtd mb custhfhodohÿa mb jd dpjhodohÿa mb j`s f`am`s.
o. Nbsthÿa mbj prbsupubst` mb hanrbs` • Nbsthÿa mbj prbsupubst` mb hanrbs`s y bxthaohÿa mb j`s mbrboe`s mb orèmht` Jd nbsthÿa mbj prbsupubst` mb hanrbs`s o`lprbambrä jd fdsb mbj rbo`a`ohlhbat` mbj mbrboe`. Bj rbo`a`ohlhbat` mbj mbrboe` bs bj dot` p`r bj qub, mb doubrm` o`a jd a`rldthvd dpjhodkjb d odmd rbours` bspboìfho`, sb mbojdrd y jhquhmd ua orèmht` d fdv`r mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld ` mb jd o`rrbsp`amhbatb bathmdm. Jd bxthaohÿa mb j`s mbrboe`s p`mrä pr`muohrsb p`r su o`kr` ba lbtäjho`, y, ba j`s ods`s prbvhst`s ba bstd jby ` ba jds mhsp`shoh`abs bspbohdjbs qub rbsujtba mb dpjhodohÿa, p`r su o`kr` ba bspbohb ` p`r o`lpbasdohÿa. Jd bxthaohÿa mb j`s mbrboe`s p`r `trds odusds sbrä `kcbt` mb o`atdkhjhzdohÿa mhfbrbaohdmd, mbkhbam` mhsthanuhrsb batrb jds pr`muohmds p`r daujdohÿa mb jd jhquhmdohÿa y jds pr`muohmds ba bj pr`obs` mb rbodumdohÿa p`r prbsorhpohÿa, o`am`adohÿa ` has`jvbaohd.
• Mbv`juoh`abs mb hanrbs`s Ba jd nbsthÿa mb jds mbv`juoh`abs mb hanrbs`s sb mhsthanuhräa bj rbo`a`ohlhbat` mbj mbrboe` d jd mbv`juohÿa, ouy` `rhnba bs jd rbdjhzdohÿa mb ua hanrbs` hambkhm` u `trd odusd bstdkjbohmd jbndjlbatb, y bj pdn` mb jd mbv`juohÿa. _ha pbrcuhoh` mb jds bspbohdjhmdmbs ba ldtbrhd trhkutdrhd y mbj rènhlba nbabrdj ba ldtbrhd mb hatbrbsbs mb mbl`rd mb jds `kjhndoh`abs rbnujdm` ba bj drtìouj` ;8 mb bstd jby, ba jds mbv`juoh`abs mb hanrbs`s hambkhm`s mbrhvdmds mb jd rbvhshÿa dmlhahstrdthvd ` curhsmhooh`adj mbj dot` qub mh` `rhnba d jd `kjhndohÿa mb rbdjhzdr bj hanrbs`, bj mbrboe` d jd mbv`juohÿa haojuhrä, dmbläs mb jd oudatìd hanrbsdmd, bj rbsujtdm` mb dpjhodr d mhoed oudatìd bj hatbrès jbndj mbj mhabr` o`lputdm` mbsmb bj mìd mbj hanrbs` edstd bj mìd ba qub sb `rmbab bj pdn` mb jd mbv`juohÿa.
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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bmht`rhdj } obp
m. Ohbrrb mbj prbsupubst` y jhquhmdohÿa Bj prbsupubst` mb odmd bcbrohoh` sb obrrdrä, ba oudat` dj rbo`a`ohlhbat` mb mbrboe`s y mb `kjhndoh`abs, bj mìd ?4 mb mhohblkrb mb odmd bcbrohoh`, shblprb qub sb o`rrbsp`amda o`a hanrbs`s jhquhmdm`s y o`a ndst`s rbdjhzdm`s edstd bj mìd ?4 mb mhohblkrb mbj lhsl` bcbrohoh`. Jds `pbrdoh`abs mb ohbrrb mbj bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh` y j`s bstdm`s o`atdkjbs rbjdthv`s d jd jhquhmdohÿa sb rbnujdräa p`r uad `rmba mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s prbsupubst`s.. Jd jhquhmdohÿa mbj prbsupubst` mbtbrlhadrä bj rbsujtdm` prbsupubstdrh` mbj bcbrohoh`, o`asthtuhm` p`r jd mhfbrbaohd batrb bj hlp`rtb mb j`s mbrboe`s rbo`a`ohm`s ba bj bcbrohoh` y bj hlp`rtb mb jds `kjhndoh`abs rbo`a`ohmds ba bj lhsl` bcbrohoh`. Dshlhsl`, dj ohbrrb mbj bcbrohoh` sb mbtbrlhadrä bj rbldabatb mb tbs`rbrìd, o`asthtuhm` p`r jd suld mb j`s f`am`s jìquhm`s mb jd tbs`rbrìd y mbj o`acuat` mb mbrboe`s rbo`a`ohm`s pbamhbatbs mb o`kr`, lba`s bj o`acuat` mb `kjhndoh`abs rbo`a`ohmds pbamhbatbs mb pdn`, t`m` bjj` d mìd ?4 mb mhohblkrb, odjoujdm` mbj l`m` qub sb bstdkjbzod ba jd `rmba mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s d qub sb rbfhbrb bj drtìouj` 4?=.m) mb bstd jby. Bj rbldabatb mb tbs`rbrìd sb mbsnj`sdrä mb l`m` qub sb pubmd mbtbrlhadr jd pdrtb mb bstd ldnahtum qub o`rrbsp`amd d `kjhndoh`abs ` mbrboe`s qub, mb doubrm` o`a j` prbvhst` ba bj drtìouj` =; mb bstd jby, trdhnda odusd mb ndst`s o`a fhadaohdohÿa dfbotdmd, y mbläs `kjhndoh`abs y mbrboe`s pbamhbatbs mb pdn` ` mb o`kr`. Ba t`m` ods`, jd pdrtb mbj rbldabatb mb tbs`rbrìd a` dfbotdm` sb lha`rdrä p`r bj hlp`rtb mb j`s mbrboe`s mb o`kr` qub sb o`ashmbrba mhfìohjbs ` hlp`shkjbs mb rbodumdr. Bj rbldabatb mb tbs`rbrìd dfbotdm` y bj rbldabatb mb tbs`rbrìd a` dfbotdm`, oudam` sbda p`shthv`s, o`asthtuhräa fubatbs mb fhadaohdohÿa mb hao`rp`rdoh`abs mb orèmht` y mb dlpjhdoh`abs mb orèmht` ba j`s tèrlha`s bstdkjbohm`s, rbspbothvdlbatb, ba j`s drtìouj`s 69.? y 2>.?, sbnuam` pärrdf`, mb bstd jby. Mb doubrm` o`a bj drtìouj` 69.4 mb bstd jby, j`s rbldabatbs mb orèmht` mb j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s mbj prbsupubst` obrrdm` sb daujdräa, o`a bxobpohÿa mb j`s rbldabatbs mb orèmht` qub sb hao`rp`rba dj prbsupubst` o`rrhbatb mbj bcbrohoh` ba ours` ba j`s tèrlha`s bstdkjbohm`s ba j`s dpdrtdm`s ;, ? y = mbj lhsl` drtìouj`. Jd daujdohÿa mb bst`s rbldabatbs mb orèmht` sb batbambrä sha pbrcuhoh` mb jd p`shkhjhmdm mb dpjhodr dj prbsupubst` o`rrhbatb mbj bcbrohoh` ba ours` jds `kjhndoh`abs qub sb nbabrba o`l` o`asboubaohd mb jds mhsp`shoh`abs mb ndst`s jbndjlbatb o`lpr`lbthm`s ba bj bcbrohoh` obrrdm`.
N. _bnuhlhbat` mb jd bcbouohÿa, y pjdabs bo`aÿlho`-fhadaohb bo`aÿlho`-fhadaohbr`s, r`s, mb rbbquhjhkrh` y mb dcustb d. _bnuhlhbat` mb jd bcbouohÿa Jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld rbdjhzdrä ua sbnuhlhbat` mb j`s mdt`s mb bcbouohÿa mbj prbsupubst` y, ba su ods`, dcustdrä bj ndst` pókjho` pdrd ndrdathzdr qub dj dodkdr bj bcbrohoh` a` sb haoulpjda j`s `kcbthv`s mb bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd y mb mbumd, ah sb bxobmd, o`a rbspbot` d jd vdrhdohÿa mb ndst` o`lputdkjb, jd rbnjd mb ndst`. Ba t`m` ods`, y d tdj bfbot`, bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s p`mrä mbojdrdr hamhsp`ahkjbs mbtbrlhadm`s orèmht`s mbj prbsupubst` mb ndst`s, mb doubrm` o`a j` prbvhst` ba bj drtìouj` 2? mb bstd jby.
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]bld ;=
bmht`rhdj } obp
k. Yjdabs bo`aÿlho`bo`aÿlho`-fhadaohbr`s fhadaohbr`s Ba ods` mb haoulpjhlhbat` mbj `kcbthv` mb bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd, mbj `kcbthv` mb mbumd pókjhod ` mb jd rbnjd mb ndst`, jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld f`rlujdrä ua pjda bo`aÿlho`-fhadaohbr` qub pbrlhtd o`asbnuhr bst`s `kcbthv`s ` jd rbnjd mb ndst`, o`a bj o`atbahm` y bj djodaob qub bstdkjbob jd a`rldthvd käshod bstdtdj. Jd dpr`kdohÿa mb bst`s pjdabs o`rrbsp`ambrä dj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`, d pr`pubstd mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s.
o. Yjdabs mb rbbquhjhkrh` Ba ods` mb haourrhr ba djnua` mb j`s supubst`s prbvhst`s ba jd a`rldthvd käshod bstdtdj pdrd jd bjdk`rdohÿa mb ua pjda mb rbbquhjhkrh`, jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld f`rlujdrä bj o`rrbsp`amhbatb pjda, o`a bj o`atbahm` y bj djodaob qub bstdkjbob jd ohtdmd a`rldthvd bstdtdj. Jd dpr`kdohÿa mb bst`s pjdabs o`rrbsp`ambrä dj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`, d pr`pubstd mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s.
m. ]rdlhtdohÿa mb j`s pjdabs bo`aÿlho`bo`aÿlho`-fhadaohbr`s fhadaohbr`s y mb j`s pjdabs mb rbbquhjhkrh` J`s pjdabs bo`aÿlho`-fhadaohbr`s y j`s pjdabs mb rbbquhjhkrh` sb bjdk`rdräa ba j`s pjdz`s prbvhst`s ba jd a`rldthvd käshod bstdtdj y, uad vbz dpr`kdm`s hahohdjlbatb p`r bj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`, sb rblhthräa dj O`asbc` mb Y`jìthod Fhsodj y Fhadaohbrd pdrd jd o`lpr`kdohÿa mb jd hm`abhmdm mb jds lbmhmds qub sb haojuyda ba èj y jd dmboudohÿa mb jds prbvhsh`abs d j`s `kcbthv`s qub sb fhcba. Ba ods` mb qub, mb doubrm` o`a mhoed a`rldthvd, bj O`asbc` mb Y`jìthod Fhsodj y Fhadaohbrd rbquhbrd jd l`mhfhodohÿa mbj pjda rblhthm` hahohdjlbatb, jd dpr`kdohÿa mb jd l`mhfhodohÿa qub tband qub rbdjhzdrsb o`rrbsp`ambrä hnudjlbatb dj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`. J`s pjdabs qub dprubkb bj bj O`asbc` mb N`khbra`, cuat` o`a j`s haf`rlbs ` j`s rbqubrhlhbat`s qub edyd blhthm` bj O`asbc` mb Y`jìthod Fhsodj y Fhadaohbrd, sb rblhthräa dj Ydrjdlbat` mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs.
b. Yjdabs mb dcustb bspboìfho`s mb bathmdmbs hastrulbatdjbs _ha pbrcuhoh` mb j`s pjdabs qub, ba su ods`, sbda bxhnhkjbs mb doubrm` o`a j`s drtìouj`s 5; d 5=, j`s batbs qub hatbnrda bj sbot`r pókjho` hastrulbatdj mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld ba shtudohÿa mb habstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd ba j`s tèrlha`s prbvhst`s ba j`s dpdrtdm`s ? y = mbj drtìouj` = mb bstd jby, ` o`a f`am`s pr`ph`s abndthv`s, bjdk`rdräa ua pjda mb dcustb qub ndrdathob bj oulpjhlhbat` mb j`s `kcbthv`s mb bstdkhjhmdm prbsupubstdrhd y bquhjhkrh` pdtrhl`ahdj, ouyd dpr`kdohÿa o`rrbsp`ambrä dj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s. J`s pjdabs mb dcustb sb bjdk`rdräa ba bj lhsl` bcbrohoh` prbsupubstdrh` ba bj qub sb mbtbrlhab jd shtudohÿa mb habstdkhjhmdm b haojuhräa jds prbvhsh`abs tblp`rdjbs o`aorbtds rbjdthvds d jd dpr`kdohÿa mb jds lbmhmds qub sb prbvbda, d jd bcbouohÿa bfbothvd mb bstds lbmhmds y d j`s haf`rlbs mb sbnuhlhbat` o`rrbsp`amhbatbs. O`rrbsp`ambrä d jd mhrboohÿa nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb prbsupubst`s rbdjhzdr bj sbnuhlhbat` mb j`s pjdabs mb dcustb, pdrd j` qub p`mrä rbodkdr t`md jd haf`rldohÿa qub sbd rbjbvdatb d jds bathmdmbs hastrulbatdjbs y d jd Hatbrvbaohÿa Nbabrdj mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld.
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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bmht`rhdj } obp
Bj sbnuhlhbat` mb j`s pjdabs sb pjdsldrä ba j`s haf`rlbs pbrhÿmho`s qub sb prbvbda ba j`s lhsl`s, qub suksorhkhrä bj mhrbot`r mh rbot`r nbabrdj o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb prbsupubst`s o`a bj vhst` kuba` mbj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s. Jd bcbouohÿa mb j`s orèmht`s o`rrbsp`amhbatbs d trdasfbrbaohds o`rrhbatbs y mb odphtdj mb jd Dmlhahstrdohÿa mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld d fdv`r mb j`s batbs s`lbthm`s d bst`s pjdabs mb dcustb qubmdrä o`amhoh`admd d j`s haf`rlbs fdv`rdkjbs o`rrbsp`amhbatbs.
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]bld ;=
Bsqubld ;=
BJ Y[B_RYRB_]@ MB JD O@LRAHMDM DR]ßA@LD MB JD_ H_JD_ KDJBD[B_3 OD[DO]B[Ì_]HOD_ X B_][RO]R[D Bv`juohÿa a`rldthvd Jd rbnujdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs, mbj o`atr`j hatbra` mb jd dothvhmdm bo`aÿlho`-fhadaohbrd bo`aÿlho`-fhadaohbrd y mb jd o`atdkhjhmdm mb t`mds bstds bathmdmbs, dsì o`l` jd mb mbtbrlhadm`s dspbot`s mb jd tbs`rbrìd y, pdrthoujdrlbatb, jd mbj bambumdlhbat`, f`rlda pdrtb mbj djodaob a`rldthv` mb jd aubvd Jby 4=/;94=, mb ;8 mb mhohblkrb Mbatr` mb bstd Jby 4=/;94=, bs bj ]ìtuj` HH bj baodrndm` mb bstdkjbobr jds odrdotbrìsthods, bstruoturd y o`atbahm` mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs. Vbdl`s ouäjbs s`a sus mhrbotrhobs
Jby 4=/;94=, mb ;8 mb mhohblkrb3 fhadazds mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs Yr`nrdldohÿa prbsupubstdrhd y `kcbthv` mb bstdkhjhmdm Yjda prbsupubstdrh` d lbmh` pjdz` [bnjd mb ndst` y jìlhtb läxhl` mb ndst` a` fhadaohbr` O`atbahm` y dpr`kdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs O`atbahm` y bstruoturd O`atbahm` Bstruoturd käshod mb j`s prbsupubst`s Bstruoturd mb j`s bstdm`s mb ndst`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` F`am` mb o`athanbaohd Bstruoturd mb j`s bstdm`s mb hanrbs`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` Bstruoturd mb j`s prbsupubst`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj Orbdohÿa mb pdrthmds prbsupubstdrhds, ndst`s o`a fhadaohdohÿa dfbotdmd y älkht` tblp`rdj mb j`s prbsupubst`s Orbdohÿa mb pdrthmds prbsupubstdrhds Ndst`s o`a fhadaohdohÿa dfbotdmd Älkht` tblp`rdj Yr`obmhlhbat` mb bjdk`rdohÿa Yr`obmhlhbat` mb bjdk`rdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s nbabrdjbs mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld M`oulbatdohÿa o`lpjblbatdrhd [blhshÿa dj Ydrjdlbat` Yrÿrr`nd mb j`s prbsupubst`s
Bj prbsupubst` mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hsjds Kdjbdrbs
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[ènhlba mb j`s orèmht`s prbsupubstdrh`s y mb jds l`mhfhodoh`abs Yrhaohph`s nbabrdjbs Orèmht`s prbsupubstdrh`s y prhaohph` mb bspbohdjhmdm Bspbohdjhmdm oudjhtdthvd Bspbohdjhmdm oudathtdthvd. Vhaoujdohÿa mb j`s orèmht`s Bspbohdjhmdm tblp`rdj Mhsp`ahkhjhmdm mb j`s orèmht`s Mhsp`ahkhjhmdm Hamhsp`ahkhjhmdm L`mhfhodoh`abs mb orèmht`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` ]hp` mb l`mhfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` O`lpbtbaohds ba ldtbrhd mb l`mhfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` Orèmht`s bxtrd`rmhadrh`s y supjblbat`s mb orèmht` Dlpjhdoh`abs mb orèmht` ]rdasfbrbaohds mb orèmht` Nbabrdoh`abs mb orèmht` Hao`rp`rdoh`abs mb orèmht` [bothfhodoh`abs mb orèmht` Dathohp`s mb tbs`rbrìd L`mhfhodoh`abs mb j`s prbsupubst`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj Mb doubrm` o`a bj drtìouj` =9.? mb jd Jby 4=/;94=, bj o`asbcbr` o`lpbtbatb ba ldtbrhd mb edohbamd y prbsupubst`s, d pr`pubstd mb jd pbrs`ad thtujdr mb jd o`asbcbrìd mb dmsorhpohÿa mb jd bathmdm, p`mrä `t`rndr jd dut`rhzdohÿa prbvhd pdrd l`mhfhodr j`s prbsupubst`s mb jds bathmdmbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj p`r baohld mb j`s jìlhtbs oudathtdthv`s d j`s qub sb rbfhbrb bj ohtdm` prbobpt` jbndj, shblprb qub bxhstda rbours`s dmboudm`s y sufhohbatbs y sb vbrhfhquba bj rbst` mb rbquhsht`s bstdkjbohm`s ba bj drtìouj` 5 mb jd Jby >/;949, mb ;4 mb cujh`, mbj sbot`r pókjho` hastrulbatdj mb jd o`luahmdm dutÿa`ld mb jds Hjjbs Kdjbdrs Ndst`s pjurhdaudjbs Ndst`s pjurhdaudjbs mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` Ndst`s mb odräotbr pjurhdaudj Jìlhtbs O`lpbtbaohd ba ldtbrhd mb ndst`s pjurhdaudjbs Hlputdohÿa mb ndst`s pjurhdaudjbs dj prbsupubst` o`rrhbatb Ndst`s pjurhdaudjbs mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` blprbsdrhdj y fuamdoh`adj Ndst`s bstruoturdjbs y ndst`s rbourrbatbs Bcbouohÿa y jhquhmdohÿa mb j`s prbsupubst`s mb j`s batbs mbj sbot`r pókjho` dmlhahstrdthv` A`rlds nbabrdjbs mb nbsthÿa mbj prbsupubst` mb ndst`s Yr`obmhlhbat` mb nbsthÿa mb ndst`s
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]bld ;=
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