VBND :?
Ams sestbnds fb ekomrndleük9 lmklbptms hbkbrdabs fb ads tblkmamhîds fb ad ekomrndleük
Jejaemhrdoîd
\estbnds fb ekomrndleük9 dspbltms tålkelms y abhdabs. Imså Ndkuba Zmfrîhubz Zmfrîhubz7 Ndrîd Imså Fdurbm Ldnpeaam. Danbrîd, :33<
Mjibtevms
\djbr bk quå lmksestbk ams sestbnds fb ekomrndleük Lmkmlbr ads preklepdabs ouklemkbs y ldrdltbrîstelds fb ams sestbnds fb ekomrndleük Bstufedr ad ladseoeldleük fb ams sestbnds fb ekomrndleük Dprbkfbr ams lmklbptms jäselms rbspbltm fb ads tblkmamhîds fb ad lmnukeldleük
bfetmreda } lbp
4. AM\ \E\VBND\ FB EKOMZN EKOMZNDLEÜK9 DLEÜK9 LMKLB LMKLBSVM\ SVM\ HBKBZDAB\ FB AD\ VBLKMAMHÎD\ FB AD EKOMZNDLEÜK 4.4 \estbnd fb ekomrndleük D. Lmklbptm Smfbnms fboeker uk sestbnd fb ekomrndleük lmnm9 uk lmkiuktm omrnda fb prmlbsms qub, mpbrdkfm smjrb ukd lmablleük fb fdtms bstrulturdfd sbhùk ads kblbsefdfbs fb ad bnprbsd, rblmpeadk, badjmrdk y festrejuybk ad ekomrndleük (m pdrtb fb baad) kblbsdred pdrd ads mpbrdlemkbs fb fel`d bnprbsd y pdrd ads dltevefdfbs fb ferblleük y lmktrma lmrrbspmkfebktbs (fblesemkbs) pdrd fbsbnpbôdr su dltevefdf fb dlubrfm d su bstrdtbhed fb kbhmlem.
Fbjbnms festekhuer bktrb uk sestbnd fb ekomrndleük ekomrndleük y uk sestbnd ekomrnätelm. ekomrnätelm. D vblbs sb tebkfb d uteaezdr ekfestektdnbktb dnjms tårnekms, pbrm lmklbptudanbktb smk jebk festektms. Smfbnms Smfbnms lmksefbrdr uk sestbnd ekomrnätelm lmnm uk lmkiuktm fb babnbktms qub `dlbk pmsejab ba trdtdnebktm dutmndtezdfm fb ad ekomrndleük. \b trdtd pmr tdktm fb uk sujlmkiuktm fba sestbnd fb ekomrndleük. Rk \estbnd fb Ekomrndleük lmnpabtm pdrd ukd mrhdkezdleük bs uk ekstrunbktm bkmrnbnbktb lmnpabim qub bstä lmkstetuefm pmr uk hrdk kùnbrm fb pdrtbs m sujsestbnds qub ektbrdllemkdk ukms lmk mtrms bk hrdfm feobrbktb y luyd bstrulturdleük tebkb senuatäkbdnbktb ukd fenbkseük vbrtelda y `mrezmktda.
J. Ouklemkbs Rk sestbnd fb ekomrndleük rbdaezd ludtrm dltevefdfbs jäselds9 bktrdfd, dandlbkdnebktm, prmlbsdnebktm y sdaefd fb ekomrndleük.
ORKLEMKB\ FB AM\ \E\VBND\ FB EKOMZNDLEÜK -
Bktrdfd fb ad ekomrndleük
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Dandlbkdnebktm fb ad ekomrndleük
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Srmlbsdnebktm fb ad ekomrndleük
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\daefd fb ad ekomrndleük
d. Bktrdfd fb fdtms Ams fdtms bktrdk da \estbnd fb Ekomrndleük bk omrnd fb trdksdllemkbs qub fbslrejbk sulbsms fba nukfm rbda. Ams preklepdabs dspbltms d lmksefbrdr bk rbadleük lmk ad bktrdfd fb fdtms smk9 -
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Vålkelds näs dprmpedfds (mpbrdleük fb tbladfm ndkuda m rblmkmlenebktm üptelm fb ldrdltbrbs) d bnpabdr y su lmstb.
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bfetmreda } lbp
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Lmktrma fb brrmrbs brrmrbs d trdvås fb prmlbsms prmlbsms fb fb vbreoeldleük vbreoeldleük y bfeleük. bfeleük.
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Bkomqub ektbhrdfm ldpturdkfm smadnbktb ukd vbz uk babnbktm fdfm fb fdtms y d lmktekudleük lmnpdrteram lmk tmfds ads dpaeldlemkbs qub am kblbsetdk.
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Ektbrdltevefdf Ektbrdlteve fdf lmnm nbfem pdrd nbimrdr sustdkledanbktb ad boeldled y ldaefdf fb ads mpbrdlemkbs.
j. Dandlbkdnebktm fb fdtms Ba \estbnd fb Ekomrndleük fbjb ndktbkbr hrdkfbs oel`brms fb fdtms fbstekdfms d sunekestrdr ad ekomrndleük pdrd ba trdtdnebktm fb trdksdllemkbs y pdrd ad tmnd fb fblesemkbs. Ams preklepdabs dspbltms d lmksefbrdr smk9 -
Sdpba fb ad Jdsb fb fdtms bk ad mrhdkezdle mrhdkezdleük ük d oek fb qub sb ndktbkhd lmnm ukd rbprbsbktdl rbprbsbktdleük eük suoelebktbnbktb oedjab fb ad rbdaefdf.
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Mrhdkezdleük Mrhdkezdleü k fb ad Jdsb fb fdtms fb omrnd qub sb odleaetb ba dllbsm d pdrtbs bspblîoelds.
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Dandlbkdnebktm bk aîkbd vbrsus oubrd fb aîkbd.
l. Srmlbsdneb Srmlbsdnebktm ktm fb ad ekomrndleük Nbfedktb ba läaluam ba \estbnd fb Ekomrndleük trdksomrnd ams fdtms jrutms bk ekomrndleük uteaezdjab pmr ba prmpem sestbnd m bk omrnd dibkd da nesnm. Lmnm rbspubstd d ad kblbsefdf fb läaluam prbvestd, ba fesbôm fb uk \estbnd fb Ekomrndleük fbjb lmktbnpadr ad kblbsdred pmtbkled fb trdtdnebktm fb ams bquepms smpmrtb.
f. \daefd fb ad ekomrndleük Ad oukleük fb prbsbktdleük fb uk \estbnd fb Ekomrndleük prmpmrlemkd ukd lmkbxeük bsbkleda, m ektbrodz, bktrb ba sestbnd y ba usudrem. \u oekdaefdf bs prbsbktdr ad ekomrndleük fb nmfm qub nbimrb ad ldpdlefdf fba usudrem pdrd pbrlejer y dltudr smjrb ams `bl`ms rboabidfms pmr ad ekomrndleük. Rkm fb ams dspbltms nds lrîtelms bk ba fesbôm fb uk \estbnd fb Ekomrndleük bs ad lmkstrulleük fba ektbrodz fb nmfm qub ba sestbnd prmpmrlemkb ad ndkbrd näs boeldz fb prbsbktdr ams rbsuatdfms d ams usudrems.
L. Ldrdltbrîstelds Ams sestbnds fb ekomrndleük `dk bvmaulemkdfm nul`m bk ads ùatends fåldfds. Smfbnms fbstdldr ads sehuebktbs prmpebfdfbs lmnm ldrdltbrîstelds fb ams sestbnds dltudabs9 -
\mk sestbnds sbkleaams fb uteaezdr, qub rbdaezdk nùatepabs y fevbrsds ouklemkbs, y qub sb dpaeldk d feobrbktbs kevbabs fbktrm fb ad bnprbsd. \b `dk dlbrldfm da usudrem oekda, sebkfm ldse ektuetevm su usm.
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Srmpmrlemkdk Srmpmrlemkd k uk dllbsm eknbfedtm y bk tebnpm rbda d hrdkfbs ldktefdfbs fb ekomrndleük.
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Rsdk ukd tblkmamhîd dvdkzdfd y sbhurd, qub prmpmrlemkd lmkoedjeaefdf da sestbnd.
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Smsbbk hrdk ldktefdf fb ektbaehbkled y lmkmlenebktms enpaîletd bk ams sestbnds.
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Bstäk suoelebktbnbktb ldpdletdfms pdrd lmnjekdr festektms tepms fb ekomrndleük y fbvmavbrad bk feobrbktbs omrndtms, lmnm hräoelms pmr bibnpam.
\estbnds fb ekomrndleük
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bfetmreda } lbp
4.: Bstrulturd fb uk \estbnd fb Ekomrndleük Rk \estbnd fb Ekomrndleük lmnpabtm pdrd ukd mrhdkezdleük bs uk ekstrunbktm bkmrnbnbktb lmnpabim qub bstä lmkstetuefm pmr uk hrdk kùnbrm fb pdrtbs, m sujsestbnds, qub ektbrdllemkdk ukms lmk mtrms bk hrdfm feobrbktb y luyd bstrulturdleük tebkb senuatäkbdnbktb ukd fenbkseük vbrtelda y `mrezmktda.
D. Bstrulturd vbrtelda Bk su fenbkseük vbrtelda ba \estbnd fb Ekomrndleüktebkb festektms kevbabs ibrärquelms9 -
Kevba mpbrdlemkda9 fmkfb sb ndkbidk prmlbfenebktms fb rutekd rbadlemkdfms lmk ads festektds dltevefdfbs fb ad mrhdkezdleük. Bk bstb kevba tebkb auhdr ba hrubsm fba trdtdnebktm fb fdtms y ba sestbnd ndktebkb vîkluams bstrbl`ms lmk ams prmlbsms oîselms rbdaezdfms pmr ad mrhdkezdleük.
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Kevba tältelm9 fmkfb sb dfmptdk fblesemkbs lmklrbtds, d lmrtm padzm jdsdfds bk ekomrndleük badjmrdfd d pdrter fb fdtms trdksdllemkdabs m prmlbfbktbs fb oubktbs bxtbrkds omrndaezdfds. Ads fblesemkbs fblesemkbs tmndfds tmndfds d kevba tältelm tältelm sb enpabnbktd enpabnbktdk k hbkbrdanbktb hbkbrdanbktb d trdvås fb ad pdrtb mpbrdlemkda fba \estbnd fb Ekomrndleük nbfedktb uk prmlbfenebktm dutmndtezdfm bk uk \estbnd fb Ekomrndleük ektbhrdfm m d trdvås fb nbfems näs ekomrndabs bk mtrms ldsms.
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Kevba bstrdtåhelm9 sb enpabnbktdk fblesemkbs näs dnpaeds, d ndymr padzm, dpmydfds nbkms bk ekomrndleük omrnda prmlbfbktb fb fdtms trdksdllemkdabs y qub fbpbkfbk bk hrdk nbfefd fb oubktbs fb ekomrndleük bxtbrkd.
J. Bstrulturd `mrezmktda Bk su bstrulturd `mrezmktda, y fbktrm fb ldfd ukm fb ams kevbabs dktbremrbs, ads ouklemkbs sb sujfevefbk bk dpaeldlemkbs m prmlbfenebktms (sujsestbnds). Smr bibnpam, ba kevba mpbrdtevm fb ukd bnprbsd fb odjreldleük eklauerîd sujsestbnds fb pbfefms, lmktrma fb ekvbktdrem, ... Bstms sujsestbnds pubfbk bstdr ferbltdnbktb lmkbltdfms ukms lmk mtrms dpmrtdkfm uk datm hrdfm fb ektbhrdleük m pmr ba lmktrdrem pubfbk bstdr lmklbjefms jdim uk bkomqub sbpdrdfm m dutükmnm qub lmktbnpad ldfd dpaeldleük m prmlbfenebktm fb ndkbrd sbpdrdfd b ekfbpbkfebktb fb ams rbstdktbs prmlbfenebktms fb ad mrhdkezdleük. Bk ludaquebr ldsm, ba hrdfm fb ektbhrdleük bktrb sujsestbnds bs ukd lubsteük preklepda bk ba fesbôm fb uk \estbnd fb Ekomrndleük Rk sestbnd ektbhrdfm N.E.\. (Ndkdhbnbkt Ekomrndtemk \ystbn) bs dquba qub tebkb uk datm hrdfm fb lmmrfekdleük, lmk bktrdfds y sdaefds rîhefdnbktb bstdjablefds, tbkebkfm bk lubktd ams bobltms fb uk sujsestbnd smjrb ams mtrms y bk ba qub ams rblursms smk dnpaednbktb lmnpdrtefms. Ads preklepdabs vbktdids fb uk bkomqub ektbhrdfm smk ads sehuebktbs9 -
Ndymr boelebkled lmkiuktd y ukd ektbrrbadleü ektbrrbadleük k näs bobltevd fb dltevefdfbs bktrb sujsestbnds.
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Lmnpdrteleük dnpaed fb rblursms qub morblb jbkboelems pmtbkledabs, fbjefm d blmkmnîds fb bsldad y bspbledaezdleük.
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Smsejeaefdf fb djmrfdr ads fblesemkbs fbsfb ad pbrspbltevd fba sestbnd lmkiuktm bk vbz fb smjrb ukd jdsb sujüptend qub uteaelb smadnbktb ekomrndleük y mjibtevms amldabs.
Lmnm lmktrdpdrtefd, ba lmstb oukfdnbktda fb ad ektbhrdleük bs ad lmnpabiefdf y rebshm dôdfefms.
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bfetmreda } lbp
Dsî pubs, ukd lubsteük oukfdnbktda bk ba fesbôm fb uk sestbnd bs ba bqueaejrem bktrb ektbhrdleük b ekfbpbkfbkled.
4.< Ladseoeldleük fb ams sestbnds fb ekomrndleük Ams sestbnds fb ekomrndleük pubfbk ladseoeldrsb bk9
D. Vrdksdllemk Vrdksdllemkdabs dabs \us preklepdabs ldrdltbrîstelds smk9 -
D trdvås fb åstms subabk amhrdrsb d`mrrms sehkeoeldtevms fb ndkm fb mjrd.
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Hbkbrdanbktb bs ba prenbr tepm fb \estbnd fb Ekomrndleük qub sb eklmrpmrd bk ukd mrhdkezdleü mrhdkezdleük. k.
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\mk nuy ektbksevms bk ludktm d bktrdfd y sdaefd fb ekomrndleük7 nebktrds qub sus läaluams y prmlbsms subabk sbr senpabs y pmlm smoesteldfms.
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Vebkbk ad prmpebfdf fb sbr rblmabltmr rblmabltmrbs bs fb ekomrndleük.
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\mk oäleanbktb iusteoeldjabs dktb ad ferblleük yd qub sus jbkboelems smk räpefms, vesejabs y pdapdjabs.
J. \estbnds fb Dpmym d ads fblesemkbs (\estbnds fb \mpmrtb d ads Fblesemkbs, \estbnds Hbrbkledabs m \estbnds Biblutevms, \estbnd fb \mpmrtb pdrd ad Vmnd fb Fblesemkbs bk Hrupm) -
\ubabk ektrmfulers ektrmfulersb b fbspuås fb `djbr enpadktdfm dahùk tepm fb sestbnd trdksdllemk trdksdllemkda. da.
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\mk nuy ektbksevms bk ludktm d läaluams y prmlbsms, nebktrds qub ads bktrdfds y sdaefds fb ekomrndleük smk aenetdfds.
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Ad ekomrndleük qub hbkbrdk servb fb dpmym d ad tmnd fb fblesemkbs fb ams ndkfms ektbrnbfems y fb datd dfnekestrdleük.
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Km subabk supmkbr uk d`mrrm bk am qub d ndkm fb mjrd sb rboebrb.
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Iusteoeldr blmküneldnbktb bstms sestbnds bs feoîlea, yd qub ads vbktdids dpmrtdfds km smk ferbltdnbktb bvdaudjabs.
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\ubabk tbkbr uk datm hrdfm fb ektbrdltevefdf y uk ektbrodz dnehdjab, lmk datms bstäkfdrbs fb fesbôm hräoelm y vesuda.
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Dpmydk ad tmnd fb fblesemkbs qub tebkfbk d sbr rbpbtetevds.
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Subfbk sbr fbsdrrmaadfm fbsdrrmaadfmss ferbltdnbktb pmr ba usudrem oekda sek ukd pdrtelepdleük mpbrdtevd fb ams dkdaestds.
L. \estbnds Bstrdtåhelms (\estbnds Bxpbrtms) -
\u oukleük preklepda km bs dpmydr d ad dutmndtezdleük fb ams prmlbsms mpbrdtevms ke prmpmrlemkd prmpmrlemkdrr ekomrndleük pdrd ad tmnd fb fblesemkbs (qub am djdrldk ams sestbnds bxpaeldfms dktbremrnbktb). \ek bnjdrhm, bstb tepm fb sestbnds pubfb aabvdr d ldjm fel`ds ouklemkbs, fb omrnd pdrdabad.
\estbnds fb ekomrndleük
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bfetmreda } lbp
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\u oukleük bs amhrdr vbktdids vbktdids lmnpbtetevds, lmnpbtetevds, tdabs tdabs lmnm vbktdids bk bk lmstms y sbrvelems sbrvelems feobrbkfeobrbkledfms lmk laebktbs y prmvbbfmrbs.
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\ubabk fbsdrrmaadrsb fbsdrrmaadrsb fbktrm fbktrm fb ad prmped lmnpdôîd, lmnpdôîd, da lmktbnpad lmktbnpadrr dspbltms bspblîoelms bspblîoelms fb fb ldfd mrhdkezdleük.
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Bstäk bk lmktekum fbsdrrmaam, y sb vd eklrbnbktdkfm ad ouklemkdaefdf sbhùk sb vdk fbtbltdkfm nbimrds fbktrm fb ad mrhdkezdleük.
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Dpmydk ba prmlbsm fb ekkmvdleük fbktrm fb ad bnprbsd.
4.6 Ads tblkmamhîds fb ad lmnukeldleük (VEL)9 (VEL)9 Lmklbptms Lmklbptms hbkbrdabs Ads tblkmamhîds fb ad lmnukeldleük (VEL), tebkbk pmr mjibtm9 ba bstufem, fbsdrrmaam, enpabnbktdleük, dandlbkdnebktm y festrejuleük fb ekomrndleük d trdvås fba bnpabm fb lmnputdfmrds y dpaeldlemkbs ekomrnätelds pdrd trdksomrndr, dandlbkdr, hbstemkdr, prmtbhbr, feoukfer y amldaezdr ams fdtms kblbsdrems pdrd ludaquebr dltevefdf `undkd. Oekdanbktb, sb felb qub ads tblkmamhîds fb ad lmnukeldleük smk fb kdturdabzd fuda, yd qub ba enpdltm fb åstds sb vbrä dobltdfm fbpbkfebkfm fba usm jubkm m ndam qub abs få ba usudrem. Bk ludaquebrd fb ams fms supubstms, fbpbkfbrä fb ams usudrems qub morbzldk lmktbkefms fb ldaefdf, yd qub bs ad dufebkled quebk fbtbrnekd y bxehb ba tepm fb lmktbkefms qub fbsbd. Smr tda nmtevm sb `djad fb ad enpaeldleük fb ads tblkmamhîds fbktrm fb ad lmkstrulleük smleda.
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AM\ \E\VBND\ FB EKOMZNDLEÜK9 LMKLBSVM\ HBKBZDAB\ FB AD\ VBLKMAMHÎD\ FB AD EKOMZNDLEÜK \estbnd fb ekomrndleük Lmklbptm Smfbnms fboeker uk sestbnd fb ekomrndleük lmnm9 uk lmkiuktm omrnda fb prmlbsms qub, mpbrdkfm smjrb ukd lmablleük fb fdtms bstrulturdfd sbhùk ads kblbsefdfbs fb ad bnprbsd, rblmpeadk, badjmrdk y festrejuybk ad ekomrndleük (m pdrtb fb baad) kblbsdred pdrd ads mpbrdlemkbs fb fel`d bnprbsd y pdrd ads dltevefdfbs fb ferblleük y lmktrma lmrrbspmkfebktbs (fblesemkbs) pdrd fbsbnpbôdr su dltevefdf fb dlubrfm d su bstrdtbhed fb kbhmlem
Ouklemkbs Bktrdfd fb fdtms Dandlbkdnebktm fb fdtms Srmlbsdnebktm fb ad ekomrndleük \daefd fb ad ekomrndleük
Ldrdltbrîstelds Ams sestbnds fb ekomrndleük `dk bvmaulemkdfm nul`m bk ads ùatends fåldfds, pmfbnms fbstdldr ads sehuebktbs prmpebfdfbs lmnm ldrdltbrîstelds fb ams sestbnds dltudabs9 - \mk sestbnds sbkleaams fb uteaezdr - Srmpmrlemkdk uk dllbsm eknbfedtm y bk tebnpm rbda d hrdkfbs ldktefdfbs fb ekomrndleük -
Rsdk ukd tblkmamhîd tblkmamhîd dvdkzdfd y sbhurd, sbhurd, qub prmpmrlemkd lmkoedjeaefdf da sestbnd
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Smsbbk hrdk ldktefdf ldktefdf fb ektbaehbkled y lmkmlenebktms lmkmlenebktms enpaîletd bk ams ams sestbnds Bstäk suoelebktbnbktb ldpdletdfms pdrd lmnjekdr festektms tepms fb ekomrndleük y fbvmavbrad bk feobrbktbs omrndtms, lmnm hräoelms pmr bibnpam
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Bstrulturd fb uk \estbnd fb Ekomrndleük Bstrulturd vbrtelda Bstrulturd `mrezmktda
Ladseoeldleük fb ams sestbnds fb ekomrndleük Vrdksdllemkdabs \estbnds fb Dpmym d ads fblesemkbs (\estbnds fb \mpmrtb d ads Fblesemkbs, \estbnds Hbrbkledabs m \estbnds Biblutevms, \estbnd fb \mpmrtb pdrd ad Vmnd fb Fblesemkbs bk Hrupm)
\estbnds fb ekomrndleük
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\estbnds Bstrdtåhelms (\estbnds Bxpbrtms)
Ads tblkmamhîds fb ad lmnukeldleük (VEL)9 Lmklbptms hbkbrdabs Ads tblkmamhîds fb ad lmnukeldleük (VEL), tebkbk pmr mjibtm9 ba bstufem, fbsdrrmaam, enpabnbktdleük, dandlbkdnebktm y festrejuleük fb ekomrndleük d trdvås fba bnpabm fb lmnputdfmrds y dpaeldlemkbs ekomrnätelds pdrd trdksomrndr, dandlbkdr, hbstemkdr, prmtbhbr, feoukfer y amldaezdr ams fdtms kblbsdrems pdrd ludaquebr dltevefdf `undkd
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