Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980? Fms Jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs aunjbegntbfgs. Fb Fgy 44/4331 jg Lbpitbfijbj y Téhiegn Gspglibf jg Ebjrij jg : jg oufim jg 4331? butmnmeåb eunilipbf (brtålufm 4), ürhbnms jg hmdigrnm eunilipbf (brtålufm 8), Jistritms (brtålufm 44)
ZGEB
2
TGAGTGNLIB\ FGHI\FBZIQB\ Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb, jg 48 jg jiligedrg jg 2980, luyb ÿftieb emjiailbliün sg `b prmjulijm pmr Tgamreb jgf brtålufm 2<7 jg fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb, jg 48 jg sgptigedrg jg 4322 Fgy Mrhânilb 0/290:, jg 41 jg jiligedrg, pmr fb qug sg rghufb gf réhiegn jg rglursms gn lbsm jg mdogliün jg lmnlignlib, su réhiegn pgnbf y sg jgrmhb gf brtålufm :7 jg fb Fgy Mrhânilb 4/2989, jg < jg mltudrg, jgf Zridunbf Lmnstitulimnbf Fgy Mrhânilb 7/2907, jg 29 jg ounim, jgf Téhiegn Gfgltmrbf Hgngrbf, luyb ÿftieb emjiailbliün sg `b prmjulijm pmr Fgy Mrhânilb 4320, jg 7 jg jiligedrg, jg Srmtglliün jg Jbtms Sgrsmnbfgs y hbrbntåb jg fms jgrgl`ms jihitbfgs Fgy 44/4331, jg : jg oufim, jg Lbpitbfijbj y jg Téhiegn Gspglibf jg Ebjrij
MDOGZIQM\ Gstujibr fms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs aunjbegntbfgs aunjbegntbfgs jg fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980 Gstujibr fb Fgy jg Lbpitbfijbj y gf Téhiegn Gspglibf jg Ebjrij, y gn lmnlrgtm fb butmnmeåb eunilipbf, fms ürhbnms jg hmdigrnm eunilipbf y fms jistritms
Zgeb 2
2. FB LMN\ZIZWLIÜN G\SBÒMFB JG 2980? FM\ JGTGL@M\ Y JGDGTG\ AWNJBEGNZBFG\ Zrbs gf lbedim jg réhiegn pmfåtilm mlurrijm gn 2987, sg `blg nglgsbrib fb lrgbliün jg unb fgy suprgeb y fghåtieb qug gstbdfgzlb fms prinlipims y vbfmrgs qug `bn jg sgrvir jg dbsg bf nugvm gstbjm jgemlrâtilm. Lmn fb bprmdbliün jg fb Lmnstituliün gspbòmfb pmr fbs Lmrtgs gn 2980, sg luepfgn fms mdogtivms bntgrimregntg egnlimnbjms. Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980? - Aug bprmdbjb pmr fms pfgnms jgf Lmnhrgsm y jgf \gnbjm, gn sgnjbs sgsimngs, gf <2 <2 jg mltu drg jg 2980, pmr bdruebjmrb ebymråb. - Gf 1 jg jiligedrg jg 2980 aug rbtiailbjb egjibntg rgagrénjue pmr gf pugdfm gspbòmf. - Gf 48 jg jg jiligedrg jg 2980, gn unb sgsiün lmnountb jg bedbs Lâebrbs, aug sbnlimnbjb y prmeufhbjb pmr gf Tgy. - Gf 49 jg jiligedrg jg 2980 sg pudfilü gn gf DMG DMG y gntrü gn vihmr. Gf 48 jg bhmstm jg 2994, gf Tgy sbnlimnü unb rgamreb jg fb Lmnstituliün, jbnjm unb nugvb rgjblliün bf bpbrtbjm 4 jgf brtålufm 2<, rgagrgntg bf jgrgl`m jg suarbhim jg fms gxtrbnogrms gn fbs gfgllimngs eunilipbfgs qug, b pbrtir jg fb eiseb, `b pbsbjm b sgr bltivm y pbsivm. Gstb rgamreb aug bprmdbjb pmr fbs Lmrtgs Hgngrbfgs gn sgsimngs pfgnbribs jgf Lmnhrgsm jg fms Jiputbjms, gf jåb 44 jg oufim jg 2994, y jgf \gnbjm, gf jåb <3 jg oufim jg 2994. Fb ÿftieb emjiailbliün `b sijm trbs fb Tgamreb jgf brtålufm 2<7 jg fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb, jg 48 jg sgptigedrg jg 4322, qug aug pudfilbjb gn gf DMG 4<4322, jg 48 jg sgptigedrg jg 4322. Inlmrpmrb fb bjglubliün jg tmjbs fbs Bjeinistrblimngs Sÿdfilbs bf prinlipim jg gstbdifijbj prgsupugstbrib. Gf brt. 2<7 jg fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb qugjb rgjbltbjm lmem sihug?
2. Zmjbs fbs Bjeinistrblimngs Sÿdfilbs bjglubrân sus bltublimngs bf prinlipim jg gstbdifijbj prgsupugstbrib. 4. Gf Gstbjm y fbs Lmeunijbjgs Butünmebs nm pmjrân inlurrir gn un jéalit gstrulturbf qug
supgrg fms eârhgngs gstbdfglijms, gn su lbsm, pmr fb Wniün Gurmpgb pbrb sus Gstbjms Eige drms. Wnb fgy mrhânilb aobrâ gf jéalit gstrulturbf eâxiem pgreitijm bf Gstbjm y b fbs Lmeunijbjgs
Butünmebs, gn rgfbliün lmn su prmjultm intgrimr drutm. Fbs Gntijbjgs Fmlbfgs jgdgrân prgsgntbr gquifidrim prgsupugstbrim. <. Gf Gstbjm y fbs Lmeunijbjgs Butünmebs `bdrân jg gstbr butmrizbjms pmr fgy pbrb geitir jgujb pÿdfilb m lmntrbgr lréjitm.
23
gjitmribf } lgp
Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980
Fms lréjitms pbrb sbtisablgr fms intgrgsgs y gf lbpitbf jg fb jgujb pÿdfilb jg fbs Bjeinistrblimngs sg gntgnjgrân sigeprg inlfuijms gn gf gstbjm jg hbstms jg sus prgsupugstms y su pbhm hmzbrâ jg primrijbj bdsmfutb. Gstms lréjitms nm pmjrân sgr mdogtm jg gneignjb m emjialbliün, eigntrbs sg boustgn b fbs lmnjilimngs jg fb fgy jg geisiün. Gf vmfuegn jg jgujb pÿdfilb jgf lmnountm jg fbs Bjeinistrblimngs Sÿdfilbs gn rgfbliün lmn gf prmjultm intgrimr drutm jgf Gstbjm nm pmjrâ supgrbr gf vbfmr jg rgagrgnlib gstbdfglijm gn gf Zrbtbjm jg Aunlimnbeigntm jg fb Wniün Gurmpgb. :. Fms fåeitgs jg jéalit gstrulturbf y jg vmfuegn jg jgujb pÿdfilb smfm pmjrân supgrbrsg gn
lbsm jg lbtâstrmags nbturbfgs, rglgsiün glmnüeilb m situblimngs jg gegrhgnlib gxtrbmrjinbrib qug gslbpgn bf lmntrmf jgf Gstbjm y pgroujiqugn lmnsijgrbdfgegntg fb situbliün anbnligrb
m fb smstgnidifijbj glmnüeilb m smlibf jgf Gstbjm, bprglibjbs pmr fb ebymråb bdsmfutb jg fms eigedrms jgf Lmnhrgsm jg fms Jiputbjms. 7. Wnb fgy mrhânilb jgsbrrmffbrâ fms prinlipims b qug sg rgagrg gstg brtålufm, bså lmem fb pbr tilipbliün, gn fms prmlgjieigntms rgspgltivms, jg fms ürhbnms jg lmmrjinbliün institulimnbf gntrg fbs Bjeinistrblimngs Sÿdfilbs gn ebtgrib jg pmfåtilb aslbf y anbnligrb. Gn tmjm lbsm,
rghufbrâ?
b) Fb jistriduliün jg fms fåeitgs jg jéalit y jg jgujb gntrg fbs jistintbs Bjeinistrblimngs
Sÿdfilbs, fms supugstms gxlgplimnbfgs jg supgrbliün jg fms eisems y fb amreb y pfbzm jg lmrrglliün jg fbs jgsviblimngs qug smdrg unm y mtrm pujigrbn prmjulirsg.
d) Fb egtmjmfmhåb y gf prmlgjieigntm pbrb gf lâflufm jgf jéalit gstrulturbf.
l) Fb rgspmnsbdifijbj jg lbjb Bjeinistrbliün Sÿdfilb gn lbsm jg inluepfieigntm jg fms mdogtivms jg gstbdifijbj prgsupugstbrib. 1. Fbs Lmeunijbjgs Butünmebs, jg blugrjm lmn sus rgspgltivms Gstbtutms y jgntrm jg fms
fåeitgs b qug sg rgagrg gstg brtålufm, bjmptbrân fbs jispmsilimngs qug prmlgjbn pbrb fb bpfilb-
liün gagltivb jgf prinlipim jg gstbdifijbj gn sus nmrebs y jglisimngs prgsupugstbribs.
gjitmribf } lgp
22
Zgeb 2
2.2 Gstrulturb B. Amrebf Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980 sg gstrulturb gn?
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Wn Srgâedufm. 219 brtålufms, jistriduijms gn un Zåtufm Srgfieinbr y jigz Zåtufms nuegrbjms. : Jispmsilimngs Bjilimnbfgs. 9 Jispmsilimngs Zrbnsitmribs. 2 Jispmsiliün Jgrmhbtmrib. 2 Jispmsiliün Ainbf.
D. Ebtgribf \g jistinhugn gn nugstrb Lmnstituliün jms pbrtgs dign jiagrgnlibjbs.
b. Fb pbrtg jmheâtilb \g lgntrb gn gf rglmnmlieigntm jg fms prinlipims prmhrbeâtilms qug vbn b inspirbr gf nugvm mrjgn pmfåtilm. Gstâ amrebjb pmr gf Zåtufm Srgfieinbr y gf Zåtufm I jg fb Lmnstituliün.
d. Fb pbrtg mrhânilb \g jirihg b rghufbr y gstbdfglgr jg ebngrb gagltivb fb mrhbnizbliün pmfåtilb y ouråjilb jgf Gstbjm gspbòmf mrhbnizbnjm sus institulimngs y rgpbrtignjm lmepgtgnlibs. Gstâ amrebjb pmr fms Zåtufms II b P jg fb Lmnstituliün.
2.4 Lmntgnijm Gf lmntgnijm jg fms jistintms gpåhrbags jg fb Lmnstituliün gs gf sihuigntg? - Zåtufm Srgfieinbr? (brts. 2 b 9). Inlfuyg fms prinlipims dâsilms gn fms qug sg sustgntb gf Gstbjm Gspbòmf. - Zåtufm I? ‖Jg fms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs aunjbegntbfgs― Lmn :1 brtålufms, gstg gs gf Zåtufm eâs bepfim jg nugstrb Lmnstituliün. B fm fbrhm jg su brtilufbjm sg rglmnmlgn y hbrbntizbn fms jgrgl`ms, jgdgrgs y fidgrtbjgs jg fms liujbjbnms, bså lmem fb pmsidfg suspgnsiün jg fms eisems. Gstâ jivijijm gn linlm Lbpåtufms, sirvignjm gf brtålufm brtålufm 23 jg pürtilm bf eisem. - Lbpåtufm 2¿? ‖Jg fms gspbòmfgs y fms gxtrbnogrms― (brts. 22 bf 2<) - Lbpåtufm 4¿? ‖Jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs― (brts. 2: bf <0); gstâ jivijijm gn jms \gllimngs? 24
gjitmribf } lgp
Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980
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\glliün 2ª? Jg fms Jgrgl`ms aunjbegntbfgs y jg fbs fidgrtbjgs pÿdfilbs (brts. 27 bf bf 49). \glliün 4ª? Jg fms Jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs jg fms liujbjbnms (brts. <3 bf <0). Lbpåtufm <¿? ‖Jg ‖Jg fms prinlipims prinlipims rgltmrgs jg fb pmfåtilb smlibf y glmnüeilb― (brts. <9 bf 74). Lbpåtufm :¿? ‖Jg ‖Jg fbs hbrbntåbs jg fbs fidgrtbjgs y jgrgl`ms aunjbegntbfgs― (brts. 7< y 7:) Lbpåtufm 7¿? ‖Jg fb suspgnsiün jg fms jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs― (brt. 77). Zåtufm II? II? ‖Jg fb Lmrmnb― (brts. 71 b 17). Tghufb fb aihurb jgf Tgy, sus aunlimngs, ourbegntm, fb sulgsiün jg fb Lmrmnb, fb Tghgnlib, fb Zutgfb jgf Tgy, gf rgargnjm b fms bltms jgf Tgy y gf Srgsupugstm y mrhbnizbliün jg fb Lbsb Tgbf. Zåtufm III? ‖Jg fbs Lmrtgs Hgngrbfgs― (brts. 11 b 91). Gstbdfglg fb lmepmsiliün, mrhbnizbliün y btridulimngs jg fbs Lmrtgs Hgngrbfgs. Hgngrbfgs. Tghufb gf prmlgjieigntm jg gfbdmrbliün jg fbs fgygs, gf gstbtutm jg fms pbrfbegntbrims y gf réhiegn jg fms Zrbtbjms Intgrnblimnbfgs. Gstâ jivijijm gn trgs Lbpåtufms. Lbpåtufm 2¿? ‖Jg fbs Lâebrbs― (brts. 11 bf 03). Lbpåtufm 4¿? ‖Jg fb gfbdmrbliün jg fbs fgygs― fgygs― (brts. 02 bf 94). Lbpåtufm <¿? ‖Jg fms Zrbtbjms Intgrnblimnbfgs― (brts. 9< bf bf 91). Zåtufm IQ? ‖Jgf Hmdigrnm y jg fb Bjeinistrbliün― (brts. 98 bf 238). Tghufb fb lmepmsiliün y aunlimngs jgf Hmdigrnm, gf nmedrbeigntm y lgsg jgf jgf Srgsijgntg, Qilgprgsijgntgs y Einistrms, bså lmem su rgspmnsbdifijbj lrieinbf. Lmn rgspgltm b fb Bjeinistrbliün, gstbdfglg sus prinlipims jg bltubliün y mrhbnizbliün, gf lmntrmf ourisjillimnbf y fb rgspmnsbdifijbj pbtriemnibf jg fb eiseb. Tghufb gf Lmnsgom jg Gstbjm lmem ürhbnm suprgem jg lbrâltgr lmnsuftivm. Zåtufm Q? ‖Jg ‖Jg fbs rgfblimngs gntrg gf Hmdigrnm y fbs Lmrtgs Hgngrbfgs― (brts. 230 bf 221). Gstbdfglg fb rgspmnsbdifijbj jgf Hmdigrnm bntg gf Lmnhrgsm jg fms Jiputbjms; rghufb fb lugstiün jg lmnaibnzb, fb emliün jg lgnsurb, fb jieisiün jgf Hmdigrnm y fb jismfuliün jg fbs Lâebrbs; bsieisem, rglmnmlg gf jgrgl`m jg inamrebliün jg fbs Lâebrbs b trbvés jg intgrpgfblimngs y prghuntbs y rghufb fms gstbjms jg bfbreb, gxlgpliün y sitim. Zåtufm QI? ‖Jgf Smjgr Oujilibf― (brts. 228 bf 248). Tghufb fms prinlipims dâsilms jgf Smjgr Oujilibf? prinlipim jg injgpgnjgnlib oujilibf, jg inbemvifijbj jg ouglgs y ebhistrbjms, jg gxlfusivijbj ourisjillimnbf y jg unijbj ourisjillimnb ourisji llimnbf;f; fb lmfbdm lmfbdmrbliün rbliün lmn fb f b oustilib; oustil ib; fb oustilib hrbtui hrbtuitb; tb; fb pudfili pudfilijbj jbj y mrbfijbj m rbfijbj jg fbs bltublimngs oujilibfgs, fb injgenizbliün jgf Gstbjm pmr grrmr oujilibf, gf Lmnsgom Hgngrbf jgf Smjgr Oujilibf, gf Zridunbf \uprgem, gf Einistgrim Aislbf, fb blliün pmpufbr, gtl.
gjitmribf } lgp
2<
Zgeb 2
- Zåtufm QII? ‖Glmnmeåb y @blignjb― (brts. 240 240 bf 2<1). Gstg Zåtufm gstbdfglg gf prinlipim jg sudmrjinbliün jg fb riqugzb bf intgrés hgngrbf, gf prinlipim jg fghbfijbj gn ebtgrib tridutbrib y fms prinlipims dâsilms jgf réhiegn ouråjilm jg fms digngs jg jmeinim pÿdfilm y jg fms lmeunbfgs. Tghufb gf Zridunbf jg jg Lugntbs y gf réhiegn jg gfbdmrbliün jg fms Srgsupugstms Srgsupugstms jgf Gstbjm. Gstbjm. Tglmnmlg fb inilibtivb pÿdfilb gn fb bltivijbj glmnüeilb; fb pbrtilipbliün jg fms trbdbobjmrgs gn fb \ghurijbj \mlibf y fb bltivijbj jg fms mrhbnisems pÿdfilms, bså lmem fb pmsidifijbj jg pfbniailbliün jg fb bltivijbj glmnüeilb. - Zåtufm QIII? ‖Jg fb mrhbnizbliün tgrritmribf jgf Gstbjm― (brts. 2<8 bf 270). Tghufb fms prinlipims jg mrhbnizbliün tgrritmribf jgf Gstbjm, Gstbjm, fb Bjeinistrbliün Fmlbf y fbs Lmeunijbjgs Butünmebs. Butünmebs. Gstâ jivijijm gn trgs Lbpåtufms? - Lbpåtufm 2¿? ‖Srinlipims Hgngrbfgs― (brts. 2<8 bf 2<9). - Lbpåtufm 4¿? ‖Jg fb Bjeinistrbliün Fmlbf― (brts. 2:3 bf 2:4). 2:4). - Lbpåtufm <¿? ‖Jg fbs Lmeunijbjgs Butünmebs― (brts. 2:< bf 270). - Zåtufm IP? ‖Jgf Zridunbf Lmnstitulimnbf― (brts. 279 bf 217). Tghufb fb lmepmsiliün, gstbtutm y nmedrbeigntm jg fms eigedrms jgf Zridunbf Lmnstitulimnbf; fbs lmepgtgnlibs y aunlimngs jgf eisem; fb fghitiebliün pbrb fb intgrpmsiliün jg rglursms jg inlmnstitulimnbfijbj y jg bepbrm y fb lugstiün jg inlmnstitulimnbfijbj. - Zåtufm P? ‖Jg fb Tgamreb Lmnstitulimnbf― (brts. 211 bf 219). 219). Gstbdfglg gf prmlgjieigntm jg rgamreb jg fb Lmnstituliün, bså lmem fms fåeitgs tgepmrbfgs pbrb gagltubrfb.
LMN\ZIZWLIÜN G\SBÒMFB G\ZTWLZWTB
Amrebf Ebtgribf LMNZGNIJM
Zåtufm Srgfieinbr 23 Zåtufms nuegrbjms : Jispmsilimngs Bjilimnbfgs 9 Jispmsilimngs Zrbnsitmribs 2 Jispmsiliün Jgrrmhbtmrib 2 Jispmsiliün Ainbf
2:
219 brtålufms
gjitmribf } lgp
Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980
2.< Lbrbltgrgs Btgnjignjm tbntm b su mrihgn lmem b su brtilufbjm, sg pugjgn sgòbfbr fms sihuigntgs lbrbltgrgs jg fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb? 2) \g trbtb jg un tgxtm jg rupturb, gn fb egjijb gn qug supmng gf pbsm jg un réhiegn butmlrâtilm (jgf Hgngrbf Arbnlm) b unb jgemlrblib. 4) \g trbtb jg un tgxtm lmnsgnsubjm, rgbfizbjm egjibntg gf prmlgsm prmlgsm jg nghmlibliün y pbltm jg fbs augrzbs rgbfgs, bltubfgs y fbtgntgs gn nugstrm pbås jurbntg gf dignim lmnstituygntg. <) Lmnstituyg gf tgxtm eâs gxtgnsm jg nugstrb `istmrib lmnstitulimnbf sbfvm gf jg 2024. :) Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980 gs pmfivbfgntg y jgfidgrbjbegntg jgfidgrbjbegntg bedihub. Lmem sgòbfb fb \gntgnlib 22/2902 jgf Zridunbf Lmnstitulimnbf, lmnstituyg gf tgxtm lmnstitulimnbf un ebrlm jg lminlijgnlibs suailigntgegntg bepfim lmem pbrb qug jgntrm jg éf qugpbn mplimngs pmfåtilbs jg euy jiagrgntg sihnm. 7) Jgstblb fb jmltrinb, qug sg trbtb jg unb Lmnstituliün inlmepfgtb, pmr sus rgpgtijbs rgeisimngs b fgygs mrhânilbs qug rghufgn unb jgtgreinbjb ebtgrib, rgprml`ânjmsg un lbrâltgr inblbdbjm, b pgsbr jg su gxtgnsiün. 1) Gf tgxtm lmnstitulimnbf rgafgob fb pgrtgngnlib jg Gspbòb Gspbòb bf lmntgxtm lufturbf mllijgntbf gurmpgm. 8) \g trbtb jg un tgxtm gn jmnjg sg `bn rgafgobjm inafugnlibs jg fb Lmnstituliün bfgebnb y jg fb Lmnstituliün itbfibnb, gspglibfegntg.
2.: Fms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs aunjbegntbfgs aunjbegntbfgs B. Lfbsiailbliün Fb Lmnstituliün lfbsiailb fms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs aunjbegntbfgs gn fms sihuigntgs hrupms? - Jg fms gspbòmfgs y fms gxtrbnogrms. - Jgrgl`ms y Fidgrtbjgs? ¸ Jgrgl`ms aunjbegntbfgs y fidgrtbjgs pÿdfilbs. ¸ Jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs jg fms liujbjbnms. - Srinlipims Tgltmrgs jg fb pmfåtilb smlibf y glmnüeilb.
D. Gstrulturb jgf Zåtufm I Fms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs aunjbegntbfgs sg rghufbn gn gf Zåtufm I jg fb Lmnstituliün.
b. Brtålufm 23 ‖2. Fb jihnijbj jg fb pgrsmnb, fms jgrgl`ms invimfbdfgs qug fg smn in`grgntgs, gf fidrg jgsbrrmffm jg fb pgrsmnbfijbj, gf rgspgtm b fb fgy y b fms jgrgl`ms jg fms jgeâs smn aunjbegntm jgf mrjgn pmfåtilm y jg fb pbz smlibf. gjitmribf } lgp
27
Zgeb 2
4. Fbs nmrebs rgfbtivbs b fms jgrgl`ms aunjbegntbfgs y b fbs fidgrtbjgs qug fb Lmnstituliün rglmnmlg sg intgrprgtbrân jg lmnamreijbj lmn fb Jglfbrbliün Wnivgrsbf jg Jgrgl`ms @uebnms y fms trbtbjms y blugrjms intgrnblimnbfgs smdrg fbs eisebs ebtgribs rbtiailbjms pmr Gspbòb.―
d. Lbpåtufm Sriegrm ‖Jg fms gspbòmfgs y gxtrbnogrms― - Brtålufm 22? Nmrebs smdrg nblimnbfijbj. - Brtålufm 24? Ebymråb jg gjbj. - Brtålufm 2 2 Jgrgl`ms jg fms gxtrbnogrms gn Gspbòb.
l. Lbpåtufm \ghunjm ‖Jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs― - Brtålufm 2:? 2:? Srinlipim jg jg ihubfjbj bntg fb Fgy. - \glliün Sriegrb? Jg fms jgrgl`ms aunjbegntbfgs y jg fbs fidgrtbjgs pÿdfilbs (brts. 27 b 49). - \glliün \ghunjb? Jg fms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs jg fms liujbjbnms (brts. <3 b <0).
j. Lbpåtufm Zgrlgrm ‖Jg fms prinlipims rgltmrgs jg fb pmfåtilb smlibf y glmnüeilb― Lmeprgnjg jgsjg gf brt. <9 `bstb gf brt. 74, bedms inlfusivg.
g. Lbpåtufm Lubrtm ‖Jg fbs hbrbntåbs jg fbs fidgrtbjgs y jgrgl`ms aunjbegntbfgs― Tglmhijbs gn fms brts. 7< y 7:.
a. Lbpåtufm Ruintm ‖Jg fb suspgnsiün jg fms jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs― \ghÿn sg gstbdfglg gn gf brt. 77.
L.
Oustiailbliün y aunjbegntm
Gf fidrg gogrlilim jg fms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs aunjbegntbfgs gs prgsupugstm jg fb jgemlrblib y lmnjiliün y ain jg un réhiegn lmnstitulimnbf. Fb jgagnsb jg gstms jgrgl`ms `b jg sgr unb ainbfijbj gsgnlibf jgf sistgeb. Smr gffm, gf Zåtufm I jg fb Lmnstituliün fms rglmhg bepfibegntg, jmtânjmfms bjgeâs jg un lmnountm jg hbrbntåbs y egjims jg jgagnsb gspglibfgs.
21
gjitmribf } lgp
Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980
J. Gnuegrbliün b. Jg fms gspbòmfgs y gxtrbnogrms • Nmrebs smdrg nblimnbfijbj y ebymråb jg gjbj (brt. 22 y 24) Fb nblimnbfijbj gspbòmfb sg bjquigrg, sg lmnsgrvb y sg pigrjg jg blugrjm lmn fm gstbdfglijm pmr fb fgy. Ninhÿn gspbòmf jg mrihgn pmjrâ sgr privbjm jg su nblimnbfijbj. Gf Gstbjm pmjrâ lmnlgrtbr trbtbjms jg jmdfg nblimnbfijbj lmn fms pbåsgs idgrmbegrilbnms m lmn bqugffms qug `bybn tgnijm m tgnhbn unb pbrtilufbr vinlufbliün lmn Gspbòb. Gn gstms eisems pbåsgs, bun lubnjm nm rglmnmzlbn b sus liujbjbnms un jgrgl`m rglåprmlm, pmjrân nbturbfizbrsg fms gspbòmfgs sin pgrjgr pmr gffm su nblimnbfijbj jg mrihgn.
Zmeg nmtb Fms gspbòmfgs smn ebymrgs jg gjbj b fms 20 bòms.
• Jg fms gxtrbnogrms (brt. 2<) Fms gxtrbnogrms hmzbrân gn Gspbòb jg fbs fidgrtbjgs pÿdfilbs qug hbrbntizb gf Zåtufm I jg fb Lmnstituliün gn fms téreinms qug gstbdfgzlbn fms trbtbjms y fb fgy. \mfbegntg fms gspbòmfgs sgrân titufbrgs jg fms jgrgl`ms rglmnmlijms gn gf brt. 4<, sbfvm fm qug, btgnjignjm b lritgrims jg rgliprmlijbj, pugjb gstbdfglgrsg pmr trbtbjm m fgy pbrb gf jgrgl`m jg suarbhim bltivm y pbsivm gn fbs gfgllimngs eunilipbfgs. Fb gxtrbjiliün smfm sg lmnlgjgrâ gn luepfieigntm jg un trbtbjm m jg fb fgy, btgnjignjm bf prinlipim jg rgliprmlijbj. Rugjbn gxlfuijms jg fb gxtrbjiliün fms jgfitms pmfåtilms, nm lmnsijgrânjmsg lmem tbfgs fms bltms jg tgrrmrisem. Fb fgy gstbdfglgrâ fms téreinms gn qug fms liujbjbnms jg mtrms pbåsgs y fms bpâtrijbs pmjrân hmzbr jgf jgrgl`m jg bsifm gn Gspbòb.
d. Jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs (Lbpåtufm II) • Jgrgl`m b fb ihubfjbj ihubfjbj (brt. 2:) Fms gspbòmfgs smn ihubfgs bntg fb fgy, sin qug pugjb prgvbfglgr jislrieinbliün bfhunb pmr rbzün jg nbligjitmribf } lgp
28
Zgeb 2
eigntm, rbzb, sgxm, rgfihiün, mpiniün m lubfquigr mtrb lmnjiliün m lirlunstbnlib pgrsmnbf m smlibf.
• \glliün 2ª? Jg fms jgrgl`ms aunjbegntbfgs aunjbegntbfgs y jg fbs fidgrtbjgs pÿdfilbs Jgrgl`m b fb vijb (brt. 27 LG)
- Zmjms tigngn jgrgl`m b fb vijb y b fb intghrijbj aåsilb y emrbf, sin qug gn ninhÿn lbsm pugjbn sgr smegtijms b tmrturb ni b pgnbs m trbtms in`uebnms m jghrbjbntgs. - Rugjb bdmfijb fb pgnb jg eugrtg sbfvm fm qug fm pugjbn jispmngr fbs fgygs pgnbfgs eifitbrgs pbrb tigepm jg hugrrb (pmr Fgy Mrhânilb 22/2997, jg 48 jg nmvigedrg, sg bdmfiü fb eugrtg gn tigepm jg hugrrb). Fidgrtbj ijgmfühilb, rgfihimsb y jg luftm (brt. 21)
- \g hbrbntizb fb fidgrtbj ijgmfühilb, rgfihimsb y jg luftm jg fms injivijums y fbs lmeunijbjgs sin eâs fieitbliün, gn sus ebniagstblimngs, qug fb nglgsbrib pbrb gf ebntgnieigntm jgf mrjgn pÿdfilm prmtghijm pmr fb fgy. - Nbjig pmjrâ sgr mdfihbjm b jglfbrbr jglfbrbr smdrg su ijgmfmhåb, rgfihiün m lrggnlibs. - Ninhunb lmnagsiün tgnjrâ tgnjrâ lbrâltgr gstbtbf. gstbtbf. Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms pÿdfilms tgnjrân gn lugntb lugntb fbs lrggnlibs rgfihimsbs jg fb smligjbj gspbòmfb y ebntgnjrân fbs lmnsihuigntgs rgfblimngs jg lmmpgrbliün lmn fb Ihfgsib Lbtüfilb y fbs jgeâs lmnagsimngs. Jgrgl`m b fb fidgrtbj pgrsmnbf y b fb sghurijbj (brt. 28)
- Zmjb pgrsmnb tigng jgrgl`m b fb fidgrtbj y b fb sghurijbj. Nbjig pugjg sgr privbjm jg su fidgrtbj, sinm lmn fb mdsgrvbnlib jg fm gstbdfglijm gn gstg brtålufm y gn fms lbsms y gn fb amreb prgvistms gn fb fgy. - Fb jgtgnliün prgvgntivb nm pmjrâ jurbr eâs jgf tigepm gstriltbegntg nglgsbrim pbrb fb rgbfizbliün jg fbs bvgrihublimngs tgnjgntgs bf gslfbrglieigntm jg fms `gl`ms y, gn tmjm lbsm, gn gf pfbzm eâxiem jg sgtgntb y jms `mrbs, gf jgtgnijm jgdgrâ sgr pugstm gn fidgrtbj m b jispmsiliün jg fb butmrijbj oujilibf. - Zmjb pgrsmnb jgtgnijb jgdg jgdg sgr inamrebjb inamrebjb jg amreb inegjibtb, y jg emjm qug qug fg sgb lmeprgnsidfg, jg sus jgrgl`ms y jg fbs rbzmngs jg su jgtgnliün, nm pujignjm sgr mdfihbjb b jglfbrbr. \g hbrbntizb fb bsistgnlib jg bdmhbjm bf jgtgnijm gn fbs jifihgnlibs pmfilibfgs y oujilibfgs, gn fms téreinms qug fb fgy gstbdfgzlb. - Fb fgy rghufbrâ un prmlgjieigntm jg ‖`bdgbs lmrpus― pbrb prmjulir fb inegjibtb pugstb b jispmsiliün oujilibf jg tmjb pgrsmnb jgtgnijb ifghbfegntg. Bsieisem, pmr fgy sg jgtgreinbrâ gf pfbzm eâxiem jg jurbliün jg fb prisiün prmvisimnbf. Jgrgl`m bf `mnmr, b fb intieijbj pgrsmnbf y abeifibr y b fb prmpib iebhgn (brt. 20)
- \g hbrbntizb gf jgrgl`m bf `mnmr, b fb intieijbj pgrsmnbf y abeifibr y b fb prmpib iebhgn.
20
gjitmribf } lgp
Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980
- Gf jmeilifim gs invimfbdfg. Ninhunb gntrbjb m rghistrm pmjrâ `blgrsg gn éf sin lmnsgntieigntm jg su titufbr m rgsmfuliün oujilibf, sbfvm gn lbsms jg afbhrbntg jgfitm. - \g hbrbntizb hbrbntizb gf sglrgtm jg jg fbs lmeunilblimngs y, gn gspglibf, jg fbs pmstbfgs, tgfghrâailbs y tgfgaünilbs, sbfvm rgsmfuliün oujilibf. - Fb fgy fieitbrâ gf usm jg fb inamreâtilb pbrb hbrbntizbr gf `mnmr y fb intieijbj pgrsmnbf y abeifibr jg fms liujbjbnms y gf pfgnm gogrlilim jg sus jgrgl`ms.
Iepmrtbntg Gf brt. 28.: jg fb Lmnstituliün `b sijm jgsbrrmffbjm pmr fb FM 1/290:, jg 4: jg ebym, jg rghufbliün jgf prmlgjieigntm jg @bdgbs Lmrpus.
Fidgrtbj jg rgsijgnlib y jg lirlufbliün (brt. 29)
Fms gspbòmfgs tigngn jgrgl`m b gfghir fidrgegntg su rgsijgnlib y b lirlufbr pmr gf tgrritmrim nblimnbf. Bsieisem, tigngn jgrgl`m b gntrbr y sbfir fidrgegntg jg Gspbòb, gn fms téreinms qug fb fgy gstbdfgzlb. Gstg jgrgl`m nm pmjrâ sgr fieitbjm pmr emtivms pmfåtilms m ijgmfühilms. Fidgrtbj jg gxprgsiün (brt. 43)
\g rglmnmlgn y prmtghgn fms jgrgl`ms? b) B gxprgsbr y jiaunjir fidrgegntg fms pgnsbeigntms, ijgbs y mpinimngs egjibntg fb pbfbdrb, gf gslritm m lubfquigr mtrm egjim jg rgprmjulliün. d) B fb prmjulliün y lrgbliün fitgrbrib, fitgr brib, brtåstilb, ligntåailb y télnilb. l) B fb fidgrtbj jg lâtgjrb. j) B lmeunilbr m rglidir fidrgegntg inamrebliün vgrbz pmr lubfquigr egjim jg jiausiün. Fb fgy rghufbrâ gf jgrgl`m b fb lfâusufb jg lmnlignlib y bf sglrgtm prmagsimnbf gn gf gogrlilim jg gstbs fidgrtbjgs. Gf gogrlilim jg gstms jgrgl`ms nm pugjg rgstrinhirsg egjibntg ninhÿn tipm jg lgnsurb prgvib. Fb fgy rghufbrâ fb mrhbnizbliün y gf lmntrmf pbrfbegntbrim jg fms egjims jg lmeunilbliün smlibf jgpgnjigntgs jgf Gstbjm m jg lubfquigr gntg pÿdfilm y hbrbntizbrâ gf bllgsm b jil`ms egjims jg fms hrupms smlibfgs y pmfåtilms sihniailbtivms, rgspgtbnjm gf pfurbfisem jg fb smligjbj y jg fbs jivgrsbs fgnhubs jg Gspbòb. Gstbs fidgrtbjgs tigngn su fåeitg gn gf rgspgtm b fms jgrgl`ms rglmnmlijms gn gstg Zåtufm, gn fms prglgptms jg fbs
gjitmribf } lgp
29
Zgeb 2
fgygs qug fm jgsbrrmffgn y, gspglibfegntg, gn gf jgrgl`m bf `mnmr, b fb intieijbj, b fb prmpib iebhgn y b fb prmtglliün jg fb ouvgntuj y jg fb inabnlib. \mfm pmjrâ blmrjbrsg gf sglugstrm jg pudfilblimngs, hrbdblimngs y mtrms egjims jg inamrebliün gn virtuj jg rgsmfuliün oujilibf. Jgrgl`m jg rguniün (brt. 42)
\g rglmnmlg gf jgrgl`m jg rguniün pblåailb y sin brebs. Gf gogrlilim jg gstg jgrgl`m nm nglgsitbrâ butmrizbliün prgvib. Gn fms lbsms jg rgunimngs gn fuhbrgs jg trânsitm pÿdfilm y ebniagstblimngs sg jbrâ lmeunilbliün prgvib b fb butmrijbj, qug smfm pmjrâ prm`idirfbs lubnjm gxistbn rbzmngs aunjbjbs jg bftgrbliün jgf mrjgn pÿdfilm, lmn pgfihrm pbrb pgrsmnbs m digngs. Jgrgl`m jg bsmlibliün (brt. 44)
- \g rglmnmlg gf jgrgl`m jg bsmlibliün. - Fbs bsmliblimngs qug pgrsihbn aings m utifilgn egjims tipiailbjms lmem jgfitm smn ifghbfgs. - Fbs bsmliblimngs lmnstituijbs bf bepbrm jg gstg brtålufm jgdgrân inslridirsg gn un rghistrm b fms smfms gagltms jg pudfilijbj. - Fbs bsmliblimngs smfm pmjrân sgr jisugftbs m suspgnjijbs gn sus bltivijbjgs gn virtuj jg rgsmfuliün oujilibf emtivbjb. - \g prm`ådgn fbs bsmliblimngs sglrgtbs y fbs jg lbrâltgr pbrbeifitbr. Jgrgl`m jg pbrtilipbliün (brt. 4<)
Fms liujbjbnms tigngn gf jgrgl`m b pbrtilipbr gn fms bsuntms pÿdfilms, jirgltbegntg m pmr egjim jg rgprgsgntbntgs, fidrgegntg gfghijms gn gfgllimngs pgriüjilbs pmr suarbhim univgrsbf. Bsieisem, tigngn jgrgl`m b bllgjgr gn lmnjilimngs jg ihubfjbj b fbs aunlimngs y lbrhms pÿdfilms, lmn fms rgquisitms qug sgòbfgn fbs fgygs. Jgrgl`m b fb tutgfb oujilibf (brt. 4:)
- Zmjbs fbs pgrsmnbs tigngn jgrgl`m b mdtgngr fb tutgfb gagltivb jg fms ouglgs ouglgs y tridunbfgs gn gf gogrlilim jg sus jgrgl`ms g intgrgsgs fghåtiems, sin qug, gn ninhÿn lbsm, pugjb prmjulirsg injgagnsiün. - Bsieisem, tmjms tigngn jgrgl`m bf Ougz mrjinbrim prgjgtgreinbjm pmr fb fgy, b fb jgagnsb y b fb bsistgnlib jg fgtrbjm, b sgr inamrebjms jg fb blusbliün amreufbjb lmntrb gffms, b un prmlgsm pÿdfilm sin jifblimngs injgdijbs y lmn tmjbs fbs hbrbntåbs, b utifizbr fms egjims jg prugdb pgrtingntgs pbrb su jgagnsb, b nm jglfbrbr lmntrb så eisems, b nm lmnagsbrsg lufpb dfgs y b fb prgsunliün jg inmlgnlib. - Fb fgy rghufbrâ fms lbsms gn qug, pmr rbzün jg pbrgntgslm m jg sglrgtm prmagsimnbf, nm sg gstbrâ mdfihbjm b jglfbrbr smdrg `gl`ms prgsuntbegntg jgfiltivms.
43
gjitmribf } lgp
Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980
Srinlipim jg fghbfijbj pgnbf (brt. 47)
- Nbjig pugjg sgr lmnjgnbjm m sbnlimnbjm pmr bllimngs u meisimngs qug gn gf emegntm jg prmjulirsg nm lmnstituybn jgfitm, abftb m inarblliün bjeinistrbtivb, sghÿn fb fghisfbliün vihgntg gn bqugf emegntm. - Fbs pgnbs privbtivbs jg fidgrtbj y fbs egjijbs jg sghurijbj gstbrân mrigntbjbs `blib fb rggjulbliün y rginsgrliün smlibf y nm pmjrân lmnsistir gn trbdboms amrzbjms. Gf lmnjgnbjm b pgnb jg prisiün qug gstuvigrg luepfignjm fb eiseb hmzbrâ jg fms jgrgl`ms aunjbegntbfgs jg gstg Lbpåtufm, b gxlgpliün jg fms qug sg vgbn gxprgsbegntg fieitbjms pmr gf lmntgnijm jgf abffm lmnjgnbtmrim, gf sgntijm jg fb pgnb y fb fgy pgnitgnlibrib. Gn tmjm lbsm, tgnjrâ jgrgl`m b un trbdbom rgeungrbjm y b fms dgngailims lmrrgspmnjigntgs jg fb \ghurijbj \mlibf, bså lmem bf bllgsm b fb lufturb y bf jgsbrrmffm intghrbf jg su pgrsmnbfijbj. - Fb Bjeinistrbliün livif nm pmjrâ iepmngr sbnlimngs qug, qug, jirgltb m sudsijibribegntg, iepfiqugn privbliün jg fidgrtbj. Srm`idiliün jg fms Zridunbfgs jg @mnmr (brt. 41)
\g prm`ådgn gn gf âeditm jg fb Bjeinistrbliün livif y jg fbs mrhbnizblimngs prmagsimnbfgs. Jgrgl`m b fb gjulbliün y fidgrtbj jg gnsgòbnzb (brt. 48)
- Zmjms tigngn gf jgrgl`m b fb gjulbliün. \g rglmnmlg fb fidgrtbj jg gnsgòbnzb. - Fb gjulbliün tgnjrâ pmr mdogtm gf pfgnm jgsbrrmffm jg fb pgrsmnbfijbj `uebnb gn gf rgspgtm b fms prinlipims jgemlrâtilms jg lmnvivgnlib y b fms jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs aunjbegntbfgs. - Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms hbrbntizbn gf jgrgl`m qug qug bsistg b fms pbjrgs pbrb qug sus `ioms rgli dbn fb amrebliün rgfihimsb y emrbf qug gsté jg blugrjm lmn sus prmpibs lmnvillimngs. lmn villimngs. - Fb gnsgòbnzb dâsilb gs mdfihbtmrib y hrbtuitb. - Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms hbrbntizbn gf jgrgl`m jg tmjms b fb gjulbliün, egjibntg unb prmhrbebliün hgngrbf jg fb gnsgòbnzb, lmn pbrtilipbliün gagltivb jg tmjms fms sgltmrgs bagltbjms y fb lrgbliün jg lgntrms jmlgntgs. - \g rglmnmlg b fbs pgrsmnbs aåsilbs y ouråjilbs fb fidgrtbj jg lrgbliün jg lgntrms jmlgntgs, jgntrm jgf rgspgtm b fms prinlipims lmnstitulimnbfgs. - Fms prmagsmrgs, fms pbjrgs y, gn su lbsm, fms bfuenms intgrvgnjrân gn gf lmntrmf y hgstiün jg tmjms fms lgntrms smstgnijms pmr fb Bjeinistrbliün lmn amnjms pÿdfilms, gn fms téreinms qug fb fgy gstbdfgzlb. - Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms inspgllimnbrân y `memfmhbrân gf sistgeb gjulbtivm pbrb hbrbntizbr gf luepfieigntm jg fbs fgygs. - Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms byujbrân b fms lgntrms jmlgntgs qug rgÿnbn fms rgquisitms qug fb fgy gstbdfgzlb. - \g rglmnmlg fb butmnmeåb jg fbs Wnivgrsijbjgs, Wnivgrsijbjgs, gn fms téreinms qug fb fgy gstbdfgzlb.
gjitmribf } lgp
42
Zgeb 2
Jgrgl`m jg sinjilbliün y jg `ugfhb (brt. 40)
- Zmjms tigngn jgrgl`m b sinjilbrsg fidrgegntg. Fb fgy pmjrâ fieitbr m gxlgptubr gf gogrlilim jg gstg jgrgl`m b fbs Augrzbs m Institutms brebjms m b fms jgeâs Lugrpms smegtijms b jislipfinb eifitbr y rghufbrâ fbs pglufibrijbjgs jg su gogrlilim pbrb fms aunlimnbrims pÿdfilms. Fb fidgrtbj sinjilbf lmeprgnjg gf jgrgl`m b aunjbr sinjilbtms y b baifibrsg bf jg su gfglliün, bså lmem gf jgrgl`m jg fms sinjilbtms b amrebr lmnagjgrblimngs y b amrebr mrhbnizblimngs sinjilbfgs intgrnblimnbfgs m b baifibrsg b fbs eisebs. Nbjig pmjrâ sgr mdfihbjm b baifibrsg b un sinjilbtm. - \g rglmnmlg gf jgrgl`m b fb `ugfhb jg fms trbdbobjmrgs pbrb fb jgagnsb jg sus intgrgsgs. Fb fgy qug rghufg gf gogrlilim jg gstg jgrgl`m gstbdfglgrâ fbs hbrbntåbs prglisbs pbrb bsghurbr gf ebntgnieigntm jg fms sgrvilims gsgnlibfgs jg fb lmeunijbj. Jgrgl`m jg pgtiliün (brt. 49)
Zmjms fms gspbòmfgs tigngn gf jgrgl`m jg pgtiliün injivijubf y lmfgltivb, pmr gslritm, gn fb amreb y lmn fms gagltms qug jgtgreing fb fgy. Fms eigedrms jg fbs Augrzbs m Institutms brebjms m jg fms Lugrpms smegtijms b jislipfinb eifitbr pmjrân gogrlgrfm smfm injivijubfegntg y lmn brrghfm b fm jispugstm gn su fghisfbliün gspglåailb.
JGTGL@M\ AWNJBEGNZBFG\ Y FIDGTZBJG\ SßDFILB\ - Jgrgl`m b fb vijb - Fidgrtbj ijgmfühilb, rgfihimsb y jg luftm - Jgrgl`m b fb fidgrtbj pgrsmnbf y b fb sghurijbj - Jgrgl`m bf `mnmr, b fb intieijbj pgrsmnbf y abeifibr y b fb prmpib iebhgn - Fidgrtbj jg rgsijgnlib y lirlufbliün - Fidgrtbj jg gxprgsiün - Jgrgl`m jg rguniün
44
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Jgrgl`m jg bsmlibliün Jgrgl`m jg pbrtilipbliün Jgrgl`m b fb tutgfb oujilibf Srinlipim jg fghbfijbj pgnbf Srm`idiliün jg fms Zridunbfgs jg @mnmr - Jgrgl`m b fb gjulbliün y fidgrtbj jg gnsgòbnzb - Jgrgl`m jg sinjilbliün y `ugfhb - Jgrgl`m jg pgtiliün
gjitmribf } lgp
Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980
• \glliün 4ª. Jg fms jgrgl`ms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs jgdgrgs jg fms liujbjbnms Jg lbrâltgr smlibf
- Zmjms fms gspbòmfgs tigngn gf jgdgr jg trbdbobr y jgrgl`m bf trbdbom, b fb fidrg gfglliün jg prmagsiün u mailim, b fb prmemliün b trbvés jgf trbdbom y b unb rgeungrbliün suailigntg pbrb sbtisablgr sus nglgsijbjgs y fbs jg su abeifib, sin qug gn ninhÿn lbsm pugjb `blgrsg jislrieinbliün pmr rbzün jg sgxm. Fb fgy rghufbrâ un gstbtutm jg fms trbdbobjmrgs (brt. <7). - Zmjms lmntriduirân bf bf smstgnieigntm jg fms hbstms pÿdfilms jg blugrjm lmn su lbpblijbj glmnüeilb egjibntg un sistgeb tridutbrim oustm inspirbjm gn fms prinlipims jg ihubfjbj y prmhrgsivijbj qug, gn ninhÿn lbsm, tgnjrâ bflbnlg lmnaislbtmrim. Gf hbstm pÿdfilm rgbfizbrâ unb bsihnbliün gquitbtivb jg fms rglursms pÿdfilms, y su prmhrbebliün y gogluliün rgspmnjgrân b fms lritgrims jg gailignlib y glmnmeåb. \üfm pmjrân gstbdfglgrsg prgstblimngs pgrsmnbfgs m pbtriemnibfgs jg lbrâltgr pÿdfilm lmn brrghfm b fb fgy (brt. <2). - Fb fgy hbrbntizbrâ gf jgrgl`m b fb nghmlibliün lmfgltivb fbdmrbf gntrg fms rgprgsgntbntgs jg fms trbdbobjmrgs y geprgsbrims, bså lmem fb augrzb vinlufbntg jg fms lmnvgnims. \g rglmnmlg gf jgrgl`m jg fms trbdbobjmrgs y geprgsbrims b bjmptbr egjijbs jg lmnafiltm lmfgltivm. Fb fgy qug rghufg gf gogrlilim jg gstg jgrgl`m, sin pgrouilim jg fbs fieitblimngs qug pugjbn gstbdfglgr, inlfuirâ fbs hbrbntåbs prglisbs pbrb bsghurbr gf aunlimnbeigntm jg fms sgrvilims gsgnlibfgs jg fb lmeunijbj (brt. <8). - \g rglmnmlg fb fidgrtbj jg geprgsb, gn gf ebrlm jg fb glmnmeåb jg egrlbjm. Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms hbrbntizbn y prmtghgn su gogrlilim y fb jgagnsb jg fb prmjultivijbj, jg blugrjm lmn fbs gxihgnlibs jg fb glmnmeåb hgngrbf y, gn su lbsm, jg fb pfbniailbliün (brt. <0). - Fb fgy rghufbrâ fbs pglufibrijbjgs prmpibs jgf réhiegn ouråjilm jg fms Lmfghims Srmagsimnbfgs y gf gogrlilim jg fbs prmagsimngs titufbjbs. Fb gstrulturb intgrnb y gf aunlimnbeigntm jg fms Lmfghims jgdgrân sgr jgemlrâtilms. (brt. <1) Jg lbrâltgr pgrsmnbf
- Gf `medrg y fb euogr tigngn jgrgl`m b lmntrbgr ebtriemnim ebtriemnim lmn pfgnb ihubfjbj ouråjilb. ouråjilb. Fb fgy rghufbrâ fbs amrebs jg ebtriemnim, fb gjbj y lbpblijbj pbrb lmntrbgrfm, fms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs jg fms lünyuhgs, fbs lbusbs jg sgpbrbliün y jismfuliün y sus gagltms. (brt. <4). - \g rglmnmlg gf jgrgl`m b fb prmpigjbj privbjb privbjb y b fb `grgnlib. Fb aunliün smlibf jg gstms jgrgl`ms jgfieitbrâ su lmntgnijm, jg blugrjm lmn fbs fgygs. Nbjig pmjrâ sgr privbjm jg sus digngs y jgrgl`ms sinm pmr lbusb oustiailbjb jg utifijbj pÿdfilb m intgrés smlibf, egjibntg fb lmrrgspmnjigntg injgenizbliün y jg lmnamreijbj lmn fm jispugstm pmr fbs fgygs (brt. <<). - \g rglmnmlg gf jgrgl`m jg aunjbliün pbrb aings jg intgrés hgngrbf lmn brrghfm b fb Fgy. Tghirâ tbedién pbrb fbs aunjblimngs fm jispugstm gn fms bpbrtbjms 4 y : jgf brtålufm 44. (brt. <:).
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4<
Zgeb 2
Jg lbrâltgr hgngrbf
- Jgrgl`m y jgdgr jg jgagnjgr Gspbòb Gspbòb (brt. <3.2)? ‖Fms gspbòmfgs tigngn gf jgrgl`m y gf jgdgr jg jgagnjgr b Gspbòb―. - Jgrgl`m b fb mdogliün jg lmnlignlib (brt. <3.4)? ‖Fb ‖Fb fgy aiobrâ fbs mdfihblimngs eifitbrgs jg fms gspbòmfgs y rghufbrâ, lmn fbs jgdijbs hbrbntåbs, fb mdogliün jg lmnlignlib, bså lmem fbs jgeâs lbusbs jg gxgnliün jgf sgrvilim eifitbr mdfihbtmrim, pujignjm iepmngr, gn su lbsm, unb prgstbliün smlibf sustitutmrib―. - Smjrâ gstbdfglgrsg un sgrvilim livif pbrb gf luepfieigntm jg aings jg intgrés hgngrbf (brt. <3.<) - Jgdgrgs gn lbsm jg rigshm, lbtâstrmag m lbfbeijbj pÿdfilb (brt. <3.:)? ‖Egjibntg fgy pmjrân rghufbrsg fms jgdgrgs jg fms liujbjbnms gn fms lbsms jg hrbvg rigshm, lbtâstrmag m lbfbeijbj pÿdfilb―.
JGTGL@M\ Y JGDGTG\ JG FM\ LIWJBJBNM\ - Jg lbrâltgr smlibf - Jg lbrâltgr pgrsmnbf - Jg lbrâltgr hgngrbf
l. Srinlipims rgltmrgs jg fb pmfåtilb smlibf y glmnüeilb • Srmtglliün b fb abeifib y b fb inabnlib (brt. <9) Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms bsghurbn fb prmtglliün smlibf, glmnüeilb y ouråjilb jg fb abeifib. Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms bsghurbn, bsieisem, fb prmtglliün intghrbf jg fms `ioms, ihubfgs gstms bntg fb fgy lmn injgpgnjgnlib jg su aifibliün, y jg fbs ebjrgs, lubfquigrb qug sgb su gstbjm livif. Fb fgy pmsidifitbrâ fb invgstihbliün jg fb pbtgrnijbj. Fms pbjrgs jgdgn prgstbr bsistgnlib jg tmjm mrjgn b fms `ioms `bdijms jgntrm m augrb jgf ebtriemnim, jurbntg su einmråb jg gjbj y gn fms jgeâs lbsms gn qug fghbfegntg prmlgjb. Fms niòms hmzbrân jg fb prmtglliün prgvistb gn fms blugrjms intgrnblimnbfgs qug vgfbn pmr sus jgrgl`ms. • Srmhrgsm smlibf smlibf y glmnüeilm. Smfåtilb fbdmrbf fbdmrbf (brt. :3) Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms prmemvgrân fbs lmnjilimngs abvmrbdfgs pbrb gf prmhrgsm smlibf y glmnüeilm y pbrb unb jistriduliün jg fb rgntb rghimnbf y pgrsmnbf eâs gquitbtivb, gn gf ebrlm jg unb pmfåtilb jg gstbdifijbj glmnüeilb. Jg ebngrb gspglibf rgbfizbrân unb pmfåtilb mrigntbjb bf pfgnm gepfgm.
4:
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Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980
Bsieisem, fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms amegntbrân unb pmfåtilb qug hbrbntilg fb amrebliün y rgbjbptbliün prmagsimnbfgs; vgfbrân pmr fb sghurijbj g `ihigng gn gf trbdbom y hbrbntizbrân gf jgslbnsm nglgsbrim, egjibntg fb fieitbliün jg fb omrnbjb fbdmrbf, fbs vblblimngs pgriüjilbs rgtriduijbs y fb prmemliün jg lgntrms bjglubjms.
• Téhiegn pÿdfilm pÿdfilm jg \ghurijbj \ghurijbj \mlibf (brt. (brt. :2) Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms ebntgnjrân un réhiegn pÿdfilm jg \ghurijbj \mlibf pbrb tmjms fms liujbjbnms qug hbrbntilg fb bsistgnlib y prgstblimngs smlibfgs suailigntgs bntg situblimngs jg nglgsijbj, gspglibfegntg gn lbsm jg jgsgepfgm. Fb bsistgnlib y prgstblimngs lmepfgegntbribs sgrân fidrgs. • Jgrgl`ms jg fms geihrbntgs (brt. :4) Gf Gstbjm vgfbrâ gspglibfegntg pmr fb sbfvbhubrjib jg fms jgrgl`ms glmnüeilms y smlibfgs jg fms trbdbobjmrgs gspbòmfgs gn gf gxtrbnogrm y mrigntbrâ su pmfåtilb `blib su rgtmrnm. • Srmtglliün jg fb sbfuj y amegntm jgf jgpmrtg jgpmrtg (brt. :<) \g rglmnmlg gf jgrgl`m b fb prmtglliün jg fb sbfuj. Lmepgtg b fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms mrhbnizbr y tutgfbr fb sbfuj pÿdfilb b trbvés jg egjijbs prgvgntivbs y jg fbs prgstblimngs y sgrvilims nglgsbrims. Fb fgy gstbdfglgrâ fms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs jg tmjms bf rgspgltm. Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms amegntbrân fb gjulbliün sbnitbrib, fb gjulbliün aåsilb y gf jgpmrtg. Bsieisem, ablifitbrân fb bjglubjb utifizbliün jgf mlim. • Srmemliün jg fb lufturb, fb lignlib y fb invgstihbliün invgstihbliün (brt. ::) Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms prmemvgrân y tutgfbrân gf bllgsm b fb lufturb, b fb qug tmjms tigngn jgrgl`m. Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms prmemvgrân fb lignlib y fb invgstihbliün ligntåailb y télnilb gn dgngailim jgf intgrés hgngrbf. • Jgrgl`m b jisarutbr jgf egjim egjim bedigntg y b fb lbfijbj jg vijb (brt. :7) Zmjms tigngn gf jgrgl`m b jisarutbr jg un egjim bedigntg bjglubjm pbrb gf jgsbrrmffm jg fb pgrsmnb, bså lmem gf jgdgr jg lmnsgrvbrfm. Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms vgfbrân pmr fb utifizbliün rblimnbf jg tmjms fms rglursms nbturbfgs, lmn gf ain jg prmtghgr y egomrbr fb lbfijbj jg fb vijb y jgagnjgr y rgstburbr gf egjim bedigntg, bpmyânjmsg gn fb injispgnsbdfg smfijbrijbj lmfgltivb. Sbrb quigngs vimfgn fm jispugstm gn gf bpbrtbjm bntgrimr, gn fms téreinms qug fb fgy aiog sg gstb dfglgrân sbnlimngs pgnbfgs m, gn su lbsm, bjeinistrbtivbs, bså lmem fb mdfihbliün jg rgpbrbr rg pbrbr gf jbòm lbusbjm.
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47
Zgeb 2
• Lmnsgrvbliün y prmemliün jgf jgf pbtriemnim `istürilm, lufturbf y brtåstilm (brt. :1) Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms hbrbntizbrân fb lmnsgrvbliün y prmemvgrân gf gnriquglieigntm jgf pbtriemnim `istürilm, lufturbf y brtåstilm jg fms pugdfms jg Gspbòb y jg fms digngs qug fm intghrbn, lubfquigrb qug sgb su réhiegn ouråjilm y su titufbrijbj. Fb fgy pgnbf sbnlimnbrâ fms btgntbjms lmntrb gstg pbtriemnim. • Jgrgl`m b unb vivignjb jihnb y bjglubjb (brt. :8) Zmjms fms gspbòmfgs tigngn jgrgl`m b jisarutbr jg unb vivignjb jihnb y bjglubjb. Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms prmemvgrân fbs lmnjilimngs nglgsbribs y gstbdfglgrân fbs nmrebs pgrtingntgs pbrb `blgr gagltivm gstg jgrgl`m, rghufbnjm fb utifizbliün jgf sugfm jg blugrjm lmn gf intgrés hgngrbf pbrb iepgjir fb gspglufbliün. Fb lmeunijbj pbrtilipbrâ gn fbs pfusvbfåbs qug hgngrg fb blliün urdbnåstilb jg fms gntgs pÿdfilms. • Srmemliün jg fb pbrtilipbliün pbrtilipbliün jg fb ouvgntuj (brt. :0) Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms prmemvgrân fbs lmnjilimngs pbrb fb pbrtilipbliün fidrg y gailbz jg fb ouvgntuj gn gf jgsbrrmffm pmfåtilm, smlibf, glmnüeilm y lufturbf. • Srmtglliün jg fms jiseinuijms aåsilms, psåquilms psåquilms y sgnsmribfgs sgnsmribfgs (brt. :9) Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms rgbfizbrân unb pmfåtilb jg prgvisiün, trbtbeigntm, rg`bdifitbliün g intghrbliün jg fms jiseinuijms aåsilms, sgnsmribfgs y psåquilms, b fms qug prgstbrân fb btgnliün gspglibfizbjb qug rgquigrbn y fms bepbrbrân gspglibfegntg pbrb gf jisarutg jg fms jgrgl`ms qug gstg Zåtufm mtmrhb b tmjms fms liujbjbnms. • Srmtglliün jg jg fb tgrlgrb gjbj gjbj (brt. 73) Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms hbrbntizbrân, egjibntg pgnsimngs bjglubjbs y pgriüjilbegntg bltubfizbjbs, fb suailignlib glmnüeilb b fms liujbjbnms jurbntg fb tgrlgrb gjbj. Bsieisem, y lmn injgpgnjgnlib jg fbs mdfihblimngs abeifibrgs, prmemvgrân su digngstbr egjibntg un sistgeb jg sgrvilims smlibfgs qug btgnjgrân sus prmdfgebs gspglåailms jg sbfuj, vivignjb, lufturb y mlim. • Jgagnsb jg fms lmnsueijmrgs y usubrims (brt. 72) Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms hbrbntizbrân fb jgagnsb jg fms lmnsueijmrgs y usubrims, prmtghignjm, egjibntg prmlgjieigntms gailblgs, fb sghurijbj, fb sbfuj y fms fghåtiems intgrgsgs glmnüeilms jg fms eisems. Fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms prmemvgrân fb inamrebliün y fb gjulbliün jg fms lmnsueijmrgs y usubrims, amegntbrân sus mrhbnizblimngs y mirân b gstbs gn fbs lugstimngs qug pugjbn bagltbr b bqugffms, gn fms téreinms qug fb fgy gstbdfgzlb. Gn gf ebrlm jg fm jispugstm pmr fms bpbrtbjms bntgrimrgs, fb fgy rghufbrâ gf lmegrlim intgrimr y gf réhiegn jg butmrizbliün jg prmjultms lmegrlibfgs. 41
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Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980
• Mrhbnizblimngs prmagsimnbfgs (brt. 74) Fb fgy rghufbrâ fbs mrhbnizblimngs prmagsimnbfgs qug lmntriduybn b fb jgagnsb jg fms intgrgsgs glmnüeilms qug fgs sgbn prmpims. \u gstrulturb intgrnb y aunlimnbeigntm jgdgrân sgr jgemlrâtilms.
G. Hbrbntåbs jg fbs fidgrtbjgs y jgrgl`ms aunjbegntbfgs b. Hgngrbfijbjgs Fb Lmnstituliün gspbòmfb nm sg fieitb, gn su Zåtufm I, b rglmnmlgr unb sgrig jg jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs pgrsmnbfgs, pÿdfilms y glmnüeilm-smlibfgs, sinm qug bjgeâs gstbdfglg gf rgspgtm jg gstms jgrgl`ms tbntm pmr pbrtg jg fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms lmem pmr pbrtg jg fms jgeâs liujbjbnms. Fb Lmnstituliün `blg unb jistinliün gntrg fms jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs aunjbegntbfgs (amrebjms dâsilbegntg pmr fms jgrgl`ms pgrsmnbfgs y fms låvilm-pmfåtilms) låvilm- pmfåtilms) y fms prinlipims rgltmrgs jg fb pmfåtilb smlibf y glmnüeilb (gntrg fms qug aihurbn fb ebymråb jg fms jgrgl`ms glmnüeilms y smlibfgs).
d. Srmtglliün jg fms jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs Fb Lmnstituliün, gn su brt. 7<, jisgòb fms sihuigntgs prmlgjieigntms jg prmtglliün?
• Tghufbliün pmr fgy Fms jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs rglmnmlijms gn gf Lbpåtufm sghunjm jgf Zåtufm I (brts. 2: b <0, bedms inlfusivg) vinlufbn b tmjms fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms. \mfm pmr fgy, qug gn gf lbsm jg fms jgrgl`ms rglmnmlijms gn fms brts. 27 b 49 tgnjrâ lbrâltgr jg fgy mrhânilb, pmjrâ rghufbrsg gf gogrlilim jg gstms jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs, qug gn tmjm lbsm jgdgrâ rgspgtbr su lmntgnijm gsgnlibf. • Lmntrmf jg lmnstitulimnbfijbj jg fbs fgygs fgygs Zmjms fms jgrgl`ms rglmnmlijms gn gf Lbpåtufm sghunjm jgf Zåtufm I (brts. 2: b <0 inlfusivg) gstân prmtghijms ourisjillimnbfegntg pmr jms våbs? - Tglursm jg inlmnstitulimnbfijbj, pfbntgbjm jirgltbegntg bf Zridunbf Lmnstitulimnbf, lmntrb fgygs y jispmsilimngs nmrebtivbs lmn augrzb jg fgy. - Lugstiün jg inlmnstitulimnbfijbj, pfbntgbjb bntg gf Zridunbf Lmnstitulimnbf, prgvib bprglibliün jg fb inlmnstitulimnbfijbj pmr fb ourisjilliün mrjinbrib. • Tglursm jg bepbrm Smr vimfbliün jg fms jgrgl`ms aunjbegntbfgs (\glliün 2ª jgf Lbpåtufm \ghunjm? brts. 27 b 49), jgf jgrgl`m b fb ihubfjbj (brt. 2:) y jgf jgrgl`m b fb mdogliün jg lmnlignlib (brt. <3.4), sg pmjrâ intgrpmngr jirgltbegntg bf Zridunbf Lmnstitulimnbf rglursm jg bepbrm, pujiénjmfm intgrpmngr tmjb pgrsmnb nbturbf m ouråjilb qug invmqug un intgrés fghåtiem, bså lmem gf Jgagnsmr jgf Sugdfm y gf Einistgrim Aislbf (brt. 214 jg fb LG). gjitmribf } lgp
48
Zgeb 2
• Srmlgjieigntm prgagrgntg y suebrim Fms eisems jgrgl`ms litbjms gn gf bpbrtbjm bntgrimr gstân prmtghijms bntg unb pmsidfg vimfbliün jg fms eisems. Bså gf brt. 7<.4 gstbdfglg qug lubfquigr liujbjbnm pmjrâ rglbdbr fb tutgfb jg fbs fidgrtbjgs y jgrgl`ms rglmnmlijms gn gf brtålufm 2: y fb \glliün priegrb jgf Lbpåtufm sghunjm bntg fms Zridunbfgs mrjinbrims pmr un prmlgjieigntm dbsbjm gn fms prinlipims jg prgagrgnlib y suebrigjbj y, gn su lbsm, b trbvés jgf rglursm jg bepbrm bntg gf Zridunbf Lmnstitulimnbf. Gstg ÿftiem rglursm sgrâ bpfilbdfg b fb mdogliün jg lmnlignlib rglmnmlijb gn gf brtålufm <3. Tgspgltm bf brt. <3.4 jg fb Lmnstituliün si dign gn un prinlipim qugjbdb gxlfuijm jgf âeditm jgf prmlgjieigntm prgagrgntg y suebrim pugstm qug jil`m jgrgl`m lmntgnåb fb gspglibfijbj jg pmjgr gogrlitbrsg jirgltbegntg bntg gf Zridunbf Lmnstitulimnbf; b pbrtir jg fb jgrmhbliün jgf brt :7 jg fb FMZL (brt, qug rghufbdb fb gspglibfijbj jgf brt <3.4) pmr fb Fgy Mrhânilb 0/290:, jg 41 jg jiligedrg, jil`b Fgy Mrhânilb gstbdfglg fm sihuigntg? ―Jgsbrrmffbjm pmr Fgy Mrjinbrib gf brt <3.4 jg fb Lmnstituliün, sg `blg nglgsbrim rghufbr fbs hbrbntåbs jgf mdogtmr qug qugjbn bsghurbjbs, jg blugrjm lmn fb prgsgntg Fgy Mrhânilb, lmn fms rglursms ourisjillimnbfgs brtilufbjms lmntrb fbs rgsmfulimngs jgf Lmnsgom Nblimnbf jg fb Mdogliün jg Lmnlignlib qug jgnighugn su smfilituj. Tglursms ourisjillimnbfgs pmr fb våb jgf prmlgjieigntm blgfgrbjm jg prmtglliün jg fms jgrgl`ms aunjbegntbfgs aunjbegntbfgs qug, bunqug nm prgvistb gxprgsbegntg gn fb Lmnstituliün pbrb fb mdogliün jg lmnlignlib, marglg un trâeitg prmtgltmr gspglibfegntg râpijm, b fb vgz qug pgreitg gvitbr unb smdrglbrhb jg rglursms bntg gf Zridunbf Lmnstitulimnbf. Gstg sg lmnaihurb, nm mdstbntg, lmem fb ÿftieb y eâs butmrizbjb instbnlib jg prmtglliün jg jgrgl`m b fb mdogliün jg lmnlignlib, fm qug hbrbntizb fb pfgnb gagltivijbj jgf eisem.― Smr fm tbntm, lmntrb fbs rgsmfulimngs jgf Lmnsgom Nblimnbf jg Mdogliün Nblimnbf jg Lmnlignlib qug jgnighugn fb smfilituj jg jglfbrbliün jg lmnlignlib m qug tgnhbn un gagltm gquivbfgntg, pmjrâ intgrpmngrsg, jg lmnamreijbj lmn fbs nmrebs qug rghufbn fb prmtglliün ourisjillimnbf jg fms jgrgl`ms aunjbegntbfgs, gf lmrrgspmnjigntg rglursm. Lmntrb fbs rgsmfulimngs oujilibfgs rglbåjbs gn fms prmlgjieigntms sgòbfbjms pmjrâ intgrpmngrsg rglursm jg bepbrm bntg gf Zridunbf Lmnstitulimnbf.
l. Srmtglliün jg fms jgrgl`ms glmnüeilm-smlibfgs Fb prmtglliün jg gstms jgrgl`ms qug gstân lmntgnijms gn gf Lbpåtufm tgrlgrm jgf Zåtufm I (Jg fms prinlipims rgltmrgs jg fb pmfåtilb smlibf y glmnüeilb) gs eul`m eâs jédif, yb qug gf brt. 7<.< jg fb Lmnstituliün jgtgreinb qug, bunqug gf rglmnmlieigntm, rgspgtm y prmtglliün jg jil`ms jgrgl`ms inamrebrâ fb fghisfbliün pmsitivb, fb prâltilb oujilibf y fb bltubliün jg fms pmjgrgs pÿdfilms, fms eisems smfm pmjrân sgr bfghbjms bntg fb ourisjilliün mrjinbrib jg blugrjm lmn fm qug jispmnhbn fbs fgygs qug fms jgsbrrmffgn. Gstbs jgdgrân boustbrsg bf lmntgnijm lmnstitulimnbf jg fms rgagrijms prinlipims rgltmrgs jg fb pmfåtilb smlibf y glmnüeilb, yb qug gn lbsm lmntrbrim lbdråb lmntrb jil`bs fgygs rglursm jg inlmnstitulimnbfijbj, jg lmnamreijbj lmn gf brt. 212.b) jg fb Lmnstituliün.
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gjitmribf } lgp
Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980
j. Gf Jgagnsmr jgf Sugdfm Wnb fgy mrhânilb rghufbrâ fb instituliün jgf Jgagnsmr jgf Sugdfm, lmem bftm lmeisimnbjm jg fbs Lmrtgs Hgngrbfgs, jgsihnbjm pmr gstbs pbrb fb jgagnsb jg fms jgrgl`ms lmeprgnjijms gn gstg Zåtufm, b luym gagltm pmjrâ supgrvisbr fb bltivijbj jg fb Bjeinistrbliün, jbnjm lugntb b fbs Lmrtgs Hgngrbfgs.
J. \uspgnsiün jg fms jgrgl`ms jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs b. Jg amreb hgngrbf (brt. 77.2) Lubnjm sg blugrjg fb jglfbrbliün jg fms gstbjms jg gxlgpliün m jg sitim, pmjrân sgr suspgnjijms fms jgrgl`ms rglmnmlijms gn fms brtålufms sihuigntgs? • Brtålufm 28
2) Zmjb pgrsmnb tigng jgrgl`m b fb fidgrtbj y b fb sghurijbj. Nbjig pugjg sgr privbjm jg su fidgrtbj sinm lmn fb mdsgrvbnlib jgf lmntgnijm jg gstg brtålufm y gn fms lbsms y amrebs prgvistms gn fb fgy. 4) Fb jgtgnliün prgvgntivb nm pmjrâ jurbr eâs jgf tigepm gstriltbegntg nglgsbrim pbrb fb rgbfizbliün jg fbs bvgrihublimngs tgnjgntgs bf gslfbrglieigntm jg fms `gl`ms y, gn tmjm lbsm, gn gf pfbzm eâxiem jg 84 `mrbs, gf jgtgnijm jgdgrâ sgr pugstm gn fidgrtbj m b jispmsiliün jg fb butmrijbj oujilibf. <) Zmjb pgrsmnb jgtgnijb jgdg sgr inamrebjb jg amreb inegjibtb, y jg emjm qug fg sgb lmeprgnsidfg, jg sus jgrgl`ms y jg fbs rbzmngs jg su jgtgnliün, nm pujignjm sgr mdfihbjb b jglfbrbr. \g hbrbntizb fb bsistgnlib jg bdmhbjm bf jgtgnijm gn fbs jifihgnlibs pmfilibfgs y oujilibfgs, gn fms téreinms qug fb fgy gstbdfgzlb. Fms jgrgl`ms jgrgl`ms lmntgnijms gn gf bpbrtbjm < jg gstg brtålufm 28 smfm sg pmjrân suspgnjgr lubnjm sg jglfbrg gf gstbjm jg sitim; nm sg suspgnjgn, pmr tbntm, lubnjm sg jglfbrg gf gstbjm jg gxlgpliün. :) Fb fgy rghufbrâ un prmlgjieigntm jg ‖`bdgbs lmrpus― pbrb prmjulir fb inegjibtb pugstb b jispmsiliün oujilibf jg tmjb pgrsmnb jgtgnijb ifghbfegntg. Bsieisem, pmr fgy sg jgtgreinbrâ gf pfbzm eâxiem jg jurbliün jg fb prisiün prmvisimnbf. • Brtålufm 20, bpbrtbjms 4 y <
4) Gf jmeilifim gs invimfbdfg. Ninhunb gntrbjb m rghistrm pmjrâ `blgrsg gn éf sin lmnsgntieigntm jgf titufbr m rgsmfuliün oujilibf, sbfvm gn lbsm jg afbhrbntg jgfitm. <) \g hbrbntizb gf sglrgtm jg fbs lmeunilblimngs y, gn gspglibf, jg fbs pmstbfgs, tgfghrâailbs y tgfgaünilbs, sbfvm rgsmfuliün oujilibf. • Brtålufm 29
Fms gspbòmfgs tigngn jgrgl`m b gfghir fidrgegntg su rgsijgnlib y b lirlufbr pmr gf tgrritmrim nblimnbf. Bsieisem, tigngn jgrgl`m b gntrbr y sbfir fidrgegntg jg Gspbòb gn fms gjitmribf } lgp
49
Zgeb 2
téreinms qug fb fgy gstbdfgzlb. Gstg jgrgl`m nm pmjrâ sgr fieitbjm pmr emtivms pmfåtilms m ijgmfühilms. • Brtålufm 43, 43, bpbrtbjms bpbrtbjms 2. b) y j), y 7
2) b) \g rglmnmlg y prmtghg gf jgrgl`m b gxprgsbr y jiaunjir fidrgegntg fms pgnsbeigntms, ijgbs y mpinimngs egjibntg fb pbfbdrb, gf gslritm m lubfquigr mtrm egjim jg rgprmjulliün. 2) j) \g rglmnmlg y prmtghg gf jgrgl`m b lmeunilbr m rglidir fidrgegntg inamrebliün vgrbz pmr lubfquigr egjim jg jiausiün. Fb fgy rghufbrâ gf jgrgl`m b fb lfâusufb jg lmnlignlib y bf sglrgtm prmagsimnbf gn gf gogrlilim jg gstbs fidgrtbjgs. 7) \mfm pmjrâ blmrjbrsg gf sglugstrm jg pudfilblimngs, hrbdblimngs y mtrms egjims jg inamrebliün gn virtuj jg rgsmfuliün oujilibf. • Brtålufm 42
2) \g rglmnmlg gf jgrgl`m jg rguniün pblåailb y sin brebs. Gf gogrlilim jg gstg jgrgl`m nm nglgsitbrâ butmrizbliün prgvib. 4) Gn fms lbsms jg rgunimngs gn fuhbrgs jg trânsitm trânsitm pÿdfilm y ebniagstblimngs sg jbrâ lmeunilbliün prgvib b fb butmrijbj, qug smfm pmjrâ prm`idirfbs lubnjm gxistbn rbzmngs aunjbjbs jg bftgrbliün jg mrjgn pÿdfilm, lmn pgfihrm pbrb pgrsmnbs m digngs. • Brtålufm 40, bpbrtbjm 4
4) \g rglmnmlg gf jgrgl`m b fb `ugfhb jg fms trbdbobjmrgs pbrb fb jgagnsb jg sus intgrgsgs. Fb fgy qug rghufg gf gogrlilim jg gstg jgrgl`m gstbdfglgrâ fbs hbrbntåbs prglisbs, pbrb bsghurbr gf ebntgnieigntm jg fms sgrvilims gsgnlibfgs jg fb lmeunijbj. • Brtålufm <8, bpbrtbjm 4
4) \g rglmnmlg gf jgrgl`m jg fms trbdbobjmrgs y geprgsbrims b bjmptbr egjijbs jg lmnafiltm lmfgltivm. Fb fgy qug rghufg gf gogrlilim jg gstg jgrgl`m, sin pgrouilim jg fbs fieitblimngs qug pugjb gstbdfglgr, inlfuirâ fbs hbrbntåbs prglisbs pbrb bsghurbr gf aunlimnbeigntm jg fms sgrvilims gsgnlibfgs jg fb lmeunijbj.
d. Jg amreb injivijubf (brt. 77.4) Wnb fgy mrhânilb pmjrâ jgtgreinbr fb amreb y fms lbsms gn fms qug, jg amreb injivijubf y lmn fb nglgsbrib intgrvgnliün oujilibf y gf bjglubjm lmntrmf pbrfbegntbrim, fms jgrgl`ms rglmnmlijms gn gf brtålufm 28 bpbrtbjm 4 (jgtgnliün prgvgntivb) y gn gf brtålufm 20 bpbrtbjms 4 y < (invimfbdifijbj jgf jmeilifim y sglrgtm jg fbs lmeunilblimngs), pmjrân sgr suspgnjijms pbrb pgrsmnbs jgtgreinbjbs, gn rgfbliün lmn fbs invgstihblimngs lmrrgspmnjigntgs b fb bltubliün jg dbnjbs brebjbs m gfgegntms tgrrmristbs. Fb utifizbliün inoustiailbjb m bdusivb jg fbs abluftbjgs rglmnmlijbs gn jil`b fgy mrhânilb prmjulirâ rgspmnsbdifijbj pgnbf, lmem vimfbliün jg fms jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs rglmnmlijms pmr fbs fgygs.
<3
gjitmribf } lgp
Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980
\W\SGN\IÜN JG FM\ JGTGL@M\ Y FIDGTZBJG\ Jg amreb hgngrbf
Sugjgn sgr suspgnjijms gn fms gstbjms jg gxlgpliün y sitim? brts. 28, 20.4 y <, 29, 43.2 b) y j) y 7, 42, 40.4 y <8.4 Jg amreb injivijubf
Sugjgn sgr suspgnjijms pbrb pgrsmnbs jgtgreinbjbs gn rgfbliün b dbnjbs brebjbs m gfgegntms tgrrmristbs? brts 28.4 y 20.4 y <
4. FB FGY 44/4331 JG LBSIZBFIJBJ Y TÉHIEGN G\SGLIBF JG EBJTIJ JG : JG OWFIM JG 4331? BWZMNMEÅB EWNILISBF (BTZÅLWFM 4), ÜTHBNM\ JG HMDIGTNM EWNILISBF (BTZÅLWFM 8), JI\ZTIZM\ (BTZÅLWFM 44) Ebjrij gs fb lbpitbf jgf Gstbjm sghÿn gf brtålufm 7 jg fb Lmnstituliün. Y gs, gn téreinms jgemhrâailms, fb liujbj eâs pmdfbjb jg Gspbòb, lgntrm jg unb gxtgnsb ârgb egtrmpmfitbnb? gn gffb rgsijgn bfhm eâs jg trgs eiffmngs jg pgrsmnbs, sin lmntbr fms mtrms ligntms jg eifgs qug trbnsitbn jibribegntg pmr fb liujbj. Gstbs sinhufbrijbjgs, tbntm institulimnbfgs lmem smlibfgs, sg gnlugntrbn gstrgl`begntg gntrgfbzbjbs? fb rgbfijbj jg Ebjrij lmem hrbn liujbj gs injismlibdfg jg su lmnjiliün jg lbpitbf jgf Gstbjm. Fbs sinhufbrijbjgs jg Ebjrij rglfbebn un trbtbeigntm fghbf gspglibf qug `bhb pmsidfg un hmdigrnm eunilipbf gailbz. Gsg gs gf mdogtm jg fb Fgy 44/4331 jg Lbpitbfijbj y Téhiegn Gspglibf jg Ebjrij jg : jg oufim jg 4331, qug bdmrjb un trbtbeigntm intghrbjm jg fms jistintms abltmrgs qug sinhufbrizbn b Ebjrij, tbntm jg fms qug jgrivbn jg su lmnjiliün lbpitbfinb lmem jg fms qug prmvigngn jg su lmnjiliün jg hrbn liujbj. Gn gagltm, gf brtålufm 1 jgf Gstbtutm jg fb Lmeunijbj jg Ebjrij prgvé qug, pmr su jmdfg lmnjiliün jg lbpitbf jgf Gstbjm y sgjg jg fbs institulimngs hgngrbfgs, fb viffb jg Ebjrij tgnjrâ un réhiegn gspglibf, rghufbjm pmr Fgy vmtbjb gn Lmrtgs, qug jgtgreinbrâ fbs rgfblimngs gntrg fbs institulimngs gstbtbfgs, butmnüeilbs y eunilipbfgs gn gf gogrlilim jg sus rgspgltivbs lmepgtgnlibs. Sgrm eâs bffâ, fb Fgy inlfuyg mtrbs nmrebs gspglibfgs gnlbeinbjbs b `blgr pmsidfg gf hmdigrnm gailbz jg unb urdg jg fbs jiegnsimngs y prmdfgebs prmpims jg Ebjrij, sin pbr gn gf rgstm jg Gspbòb. Fb rghufbliün gspglibf jg fb liujbj jg Ebjrij nm gs, lmn tmjm, unb nmvgjbj ouråjilb. Gn 291< sg bprmdü, pmr priegrb vgz, un réhiegn gspglibf pbrb Ebjrij lmn gf qug sg trbtü jg jbr rgspugstb, lmem sgòbfb fb gxpmsiliün jg emtivms jgf Jglrgtm 218:/291<, jg 22 jg oufim, b fms jgfilbjms bspgltms qug marglg fb bjeinistrbliün eunilipbf ebjrifgòb, lmem lmnsglugnlib
gjitmribf } lgp
<2
Zgeb 2
jg sgr, bjgeâs jgf Eunilipim eâs pmpufmsm jg fb nbliün, fb lbpitbf jgf Gstbjm y sgjg jgf Hmdigrnm nblimnbf. Fb sinhufbrijbj jg Ebjrij tbepmlm pbsü inbjvgrtijb b fb Fgy 8/2907, rghufbjmrb jg fbs Dbsgs jgf Téhiegn Fmlbf. Gn fb jispmsiliün bjilimnbf sgxtb jg gstb Fgy yb sg prgvé fb sustituliün jgf réhiegn gspglibf bprmdbjm gn 291< pmr mtrm bltubfizbjm. B trbvés jg gstb Fgy sg jb luepfieigntm b fbs prgvisimngs fghbfgs bntgrimregntg egnlimnbjbs. Mdvim gs qug fb prgsgntg Fgy nm rglmhg tmjm gf réhiegn ouråjilm jg fb liujbj jg Ebjrij. Lmntigng ÿnilbegntg nmrebs gspglibfgs qug sg bpfilbrân prgagrgntgegntg rgspgltm jg fbs prgvistbs gn fb fghisfbliün hgngrbf. Jg mtrm fbjm, fbs nmrebs gspglibfgs jg fb prgsgntg Fgy nm lugstimnbn gf gogrlilim jg fbs lmepgtgnlibs fghisfbtivbs smdrg réhiegn fmlbf jg fb Lmeunijbj jg Ebjrij.
4.2 Gstrulturb Fb Fgy 44/4331, jg : jg oufim, jg Lbpitbfijbj y jg Téhiegn Gspglibf jg Ebjrij, lmnstb jg 77 brtålufms jistriduijms gn lubtrm tåtufms, sigtg jispmsilimngs bjilimnbfgs, jms jispmsilimngs trbnsitmribs, unb jispmsiliün jgrmhbtmrib y jms jispmsilimngs ainbfgs. \u gstrulturb gs fb sihuigntg?
FGY 44/4331, JG : JG OWFIM, JG LBSIZBFIJBJ Y JG TÉHIEGN G\SGLIBF JG EBJTIJ Srgâedufm Zåtufm prgfieinbr. Jispmsilimngs hgngrbfgs Zåtufm I. Téhiegn jg lbpitbfijbj Zåtufm II. Hmdigrnm y Bjeinistrbliün eunilipbf
Lbpåtufm I. Hmdigrnm eunilipbf \glliün priegrb. Jispmsilimngs hgngrbfgs \glliün sghunjb. Gf pfgnm \glliün tgrlgrb. Ürhbnms goglutivms jg hmdigrnm Lbpåtufm II. Bjeinistrbliün Sÿdfilb Zåtufm III. Lmepgtgnlibs eunilipbfgs
Lbpåtufm I. Jispmsilimngs hgngrbfgs Lbpåtufm II. \ghurijbj pÿdfilb Lbpåtufm III. Sbrtilipbliün gn fbs inarbgstrulturbs jg fb Bjeinistrbliün Hgngrbf jgf Gstbjm Lbpåtufm IQ. \ghurijbj vibf Lbpåtufm Q. Digngs ineugdfgs
<4
gjitmribf } lgp
Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980
Zåtufm IQ. Téhiegn ouråjilm y prmlgjieigntm
Iepmrtbntg
Jispmsilimngs bjilimnbfgs (8)
Gf Hmdigrnm y fb Bjeinistrbliün jg fb liujbj jg Ebjrij lmeprgnjg fbs aunlimngs jg mrjgnbliün y gogluliün gn fms bsuntms jg fb lmepgtgnlib eunilipbf. Gstbs aunlimngs sg gogrlgn pmr gf Byuntbeigntm, dbom su prmpib rgspmnsbdifijbj y gn gf ebrlm jg fbs Fgygs, egjibntg ürhbnms jiagrgnlibjms pbrb fbs jg mrjgnbliün y fbs jg gogluliün y hgstiün.
Jispmsilimngs trbnsitmribs (4) Jispmsiliün jgrmhbtmrib Jispmsilimngs anbfgs (4)
4.4 Butmnmeåb eunilipbf (brtålufm 4) Fb Liujbj jg Ebjrij hmzb jg butmnmeåb pbrb fb hgstiün jg sus intgrgsgs, lmn egjims glmnüeilm-ainbnligrms suailigntgs lmnamreg b fb Lmnstituliün, gf Gstbtutm jg Butmnmeåb jg fb Lmeunijbj jg Ebjrij y gf rgstm jgf mrjgnb-
gjitmribf } lgp
<<
Zgeb 2
eigntm ouråjilm. Fb hgstiün eunilipbf butünmeb sg jgsbrrmffb lmn fgbftbj institulimnbf y gn lmfbdmrbliün, lmmpgrbliün y lmmrjinbliün lmn fb Bjeinistrbliün Hgngrbf jgf Gstbjm y jg fb Lmeunijbj jg Ebjrij. Sbrb fb gagltivijbj jg fb butmnmeåb, gstb Fgy btriduyg bf Byuntbeigntm jg fb Liujbj jg Ebjrij lmepgtgnlibs gn ebtgrib jg inarbgstrulturbs, emvifijbj, sghurijbj liujbjbnb y réhiegn ouråjilm y prmlgjieigntm. Jg ihubf amreb, y sghÿn fm gstbdfglijm gn gf brtålufm 4 jg fb Fgy 8/2907 jg 4 jg bdrif, rghufbjmrb jg fbs Dbsgs jgf Téhiegn Fmlbf, fb fghisfbliün sgltmribf jgf Gstbjm btriduirâ, gn su lbsm, lmepgtgnlibs gn gf âeditm jg fms sgrvilims g inarbgstrulturbs qug sgbn dâsilms pbrb gf jgsbrrmffm jg fb Liujbj.
4.< Ürhbnms jg hmdigrnm eunilipbf eunilipbf (brtålufm 8) \mn ürhbnms jg hmdigrnm eunilipbf? b) Jgfidgrbntg jg rgprgsgntbliün pmfåtilb? gf Sfgnm. Sfgnm. d) Gogluti Goglutivms vms jg jirgll jirglliün iün pmfåti pmfåtilb lb y bjeinis bjeinistrbtivb? trbtivb? gf Bflbfjg Bflbfjg,, fb Ountb jg Hmdigr Hmdigrnm, nm, fms Zgnigntgs jg Bflbfjg, fms Lmnlgobfgs lmn rgspmnsbdifijbjgs jg hmdigrnm, fms eigedrms nm gfgltms jg fb Ountb jg Hmdigrnm y fms qug sg jgtgreingn gn gf lmrrgspmnjigntg Tghfbegntm mrhânilm.
4.: Jistritms (brtålufm 44) Gf Sfgnm jgdgrâ lrgbr Jistritms, lmem jivisimngs tgrritmribfgs prmpibs, jmtbjbs jg ürhbnms jg hgstiün jgslmnlgntrbjb, pbrb iepufsbr y jgsbrrmffbr fb pbrtilipbliün liujbjbnb gn fb hgstiün jg fms bsuntms eunilipbfgs y su egomrb, sin pgrouilim jg fb unijbj jg hmdigrnm y hgstiün jg fb liujbj. Fb Srgsijgnlib jgf Jistritm lmrrgspmnjgrâ gn tmjm lbsm b un Lmnlgobf.
<:
gjitmribf } lgp
FB LMN\ZIZWLIÜN G\SBÒMFB JG 2980 Zrbs gf lbedim jg réhiegn pmfåtilm mlurrijm gn 2987, sg `blg nglgsbrib fb lrgbliün jg unb fgy suprgeb y fghåtieb qug gstbdfgzlb fms prinlipims y vbfmrgs qug `bn jg sgrvir jg dbsg bf nugvm gstbjm jgemlrâtilm
Gstrulturb Amrebf Ebtgribf
Fb pbrtg jmheâtilb Fb pbrtg mrhânilb
G\RWGEB
2
Lmntgnijm Gf lmntgnijm jg fms jistintms gpåhrbags jg fb Lmnstituliün gs gf sihuigntg? - Zåtufm Srgfieinbr? (brts. 2 b 9). - Zåtufm I?I? ‖Jg fms jgrgl`ms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs aunjbegntbfgs― - Zåtufm II? II? ‖Jg fb Lmrmnb― (brts. 71 b 17). - Zåtufm III? III? ‖Jg fbs Lmrtgs Hgngrbfgs― Hgngrbfgs― (brts. 11 b 91). - Zåtufm IQ? IQ? ‖Jgf Hmdigrnm Hmdigrnm y jg fb Bjeinistrbliün― Bjeinistrbliün― (brts. 98 bf 238). - Zåtufm Q? ‖Jg fbs rgfblimngs gntrg gf Hmdigrnm Hmdigrnm y fbs Lmrtgs Hgngrbfgs― (brts. 230 bf 221). - Zåtufm QI? QI? ‖Jgf Smjgr Oujilibf― (brts. 228 bf 248). - Zåtufm QII? QII? ‖Glmnmeåb ‖Glmnmeåb y @blignjb― (brts. 240 bf 2<1). - Zåtufm QIII? QIII? ‖Jg fb mrhbnizbliün tgrritmribf tgrritmribf jgf Gstbjm― Gstbjm― (brts. 2<8 bf 270). - Zåtufm IP? IP? ‖Jgf Zridunbf Lmnstitulimnbf― Lmnstitulimnbf― (brts. 279 bf 217). - Zåtufm P? ‖Jg fb Tgamreb Lmnstitulimnbf― Lmnstitulimnbf― (brts. 211 bf 219). Lbrbltgrgs Btgnjignjm tbntm b su mrihgn lmem b su brtilufbjm, sg pugjgn sgòbfbr fms sihuigntgs lbrbltgrgs jg fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb? - \g trbtb jg un tgxtm jg rupturb, gn fb egjijb gn qug supmng gf pbsm jg un réhiegn butmlrâtilm (jgf Hgngrbf Arbnlm) b unb jgemlrblib. - \g trbtb jg un tgxtm lmnsgnsubjm, rgbfizbjm egjibntg egjibntg gf prmlgsm jg nghmlibliün y pbltm jg fbs augrzbs rgbfgs, bltubfgs y fbtgntgs gn nugstrm pbås jurbntg gf dignim lmnstituygntg.
gjitmribf } lgp
<7
Gsqugeb 2
- Lmnstituyg gf tgxtm eâs gxtgnsm jg nugstrb `istmrib lmnstitulimnbf lmnstitulimnbf sbfvm gf jg 2024. - Fb Lmnstituliün Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg jg 2980 gs pmfivbfgntg y jgfidgrbjbegntg jgfidgrbjbegntg bedihub. Lmem sgòbfb fb \gntgnlib 22/2902 jgf Zridunbf Lmnstitulimnbf, lmnstituyg gf tgxtm lmnstitulimnbf un ebrlm jg lminlijgnlibs suailigntgegntg bepfim lmem pbrb qug jgntrm jg éf qugpbn mplimngs pmfåtilbs jg euy jiagrgntg sihnm. - Jgstblb fb jmltrinb, jmltrinb, qug sg trbtb jg unb Lmnstituliün inlmepfgtb, pmr sus rgpgtijbs rgpgtijbs rgeisimngs b fgygs mrhânilbs qug rghufgn unb jgtgreinbjb ebtgrib, rgprml`ânjmsg un lbrâltgr inblbdbjm, b pgsbr jg su gxtgnsiün. - Gf tgxtm lmnstitulimnbf rgafgob fb pgrtgngnlib jg Gspbòb Gspbòb bf lmntgxtm lmntgxtm lufturbf mllijgntbf gurmpgm. gurmpgm. - \g trbtb jg un tgxtm gn jmnjg sg `bn rgafgobjm inafugnlibs jg jg fb Lmnstituliün Lmnstituliün bfgebnb y jg fb Lmnstituliün itbfibnb, gspglibfegntg.
Fms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs aunjbegntbfgs Lfbsiailbliün
Fb Lmnstituliün lfbsiailb fms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs aunjbegntbfgs gn fms sihuigntgs hrupms? - Jg fms gspbòmfgs y fms gxtrbnogrms - Jgrgl`ms y Fidgrtbjgs - Srinlipims Tgltmrgs Tgltmrgs jg jg fb pmfåtilb smlibf y glmnüeilb Gstrulturb jgf Zåtufm I
Brtålufm 23 Lbpåtufm Sriegrm Lbpåtufm \ghunjm Lbpåtufm Zgrlgrm Lbpåtufm Lubrtm Lbpåtufm Ruintm Oustiailbliün y aunjbegntm
Gf fidrg gogrlilim jg fms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs aunjbegntbfgs gs prgsupugstm jg fb jgemlrblib y lmnjiliün y ain jg un réhiegn lmnstitulimnbf. Fb jgagnsb jg gstms jgrgl`ms `b jg sgr unb ainbfijbj gsgnlibf jgf sistgeb Gnuegrbliün
Jg fms gspbòmfgs y gxtrbnogrms Nmrebs smdrg nblimnbfijbj y ebymråb jg gjbj (brt. 22 y 24) Jg fms gxtrbnogrms (brt. 2<) Jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs (Lbpåtufm II) Jgrgl`m b fb ihubfjbj (brt. 2:) \glliün 2ª? Jg fms jgrgl`ms aunjbegntbfgs y jg fbs fidgrtbjgs pÿdfilbs \glliün 4ª .Jg fms jgrgl`ms y jgdgrgs jg fms liujbjbnms Srinlipims rgltmrgs jg fb pmfåtilb smlibf y glmnüeilb Srmtglliün b fb abeifib y b fb inabnlib (brt. <9) Srmhrgsm smlibf y glmnüeilm. Smfåtilb fbdmrbf (brt. :3) <1
gjitmribf } lgp
Fb Lmnstituliün Gspbòmfb jg 2980
Téhiegn pÿdfilm jg \ghurijbj \mlibf (brt. :2) Jgrgl`ms jg fms geihrbntgs (brt. :4) Srmtglliün jg fb sbfuj y amegntm jgf jgpmrtg (brt. :<) Srmemliün jg fb lufturb, fb lignlib y fb invgstihbliün (brt. ::) Jgrgl`m b jisarutbr jgf egjim bedigntg y b fb lbfijbj jg vijb (brt. :7) Lmnsgrvbliün y prmemliün jgf pbtriemnim `istürilm, lufturbf y brtåstilm (brt. :1) Jgrgl`m b unb vivignjb jihnb y bjglubjb (brt. :8) Srmemliün jg fb pbrtilipbliün jg fb ouvgntuj (brt. :0) Srmtglliün jg fms jiseinuijms aåsilms, psåquilms y sgnsmribfgs (brt. :9) Srmtglliün jg fb tgrlgrb gjbj (brt. 73) Jgagnsb jg fms lmnsueijmrgs y usubrims (brt. 72) Mrhbnizblimngs prmagsimnbfgs (brt. 74) Hbrbntåbs jg fbs fidgrtbjgs y jgrgl`ms aunjbegntbfgs
Hgngrbfijbjgs Srmtglliün jg fms jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs Tghufbliün pmr fgy Lmntrmf jg lmnstitulimnbfijbj jg fbs fgygs Tglursm jg bepbrm Srmlgjieigntm prgagrgntg y suebrim Srmtglliün jg fms jgrgl`ms glmnüeilm-smlibfgs Gf Jgagnsmr jgf Sugdfm \uspgnsiün jg fms jgrgl`ms y fidgrtbjgs
Jg amreb hgngrbf (brt. 77.2) Jg amreb injivijubf (brt. 77.4)
FB FGY 44/4331 JG LBSIZBFIJBJ Y TÉHIEGN G\SGLIBF JG EBJTIJ JG : JG OWFIM JG 4331? BWZMNMEÅB EWNILISBF (BTZÅLWFM 4), ÜTHBNM\ JG HMDIGTNM EWNILISBF (BTZÅLWFM 8), JI\ZTIZM\ (BTZÅLWFM 44) Ebjrij gs fb lbpitbf jgf Gstbjm sghÿn gf brtålufm 7 jg fb Lmnstituliün. Y gs, gn téreinms jgemhrâailms, fb liujbj eâs pmdfbjb jg Gspbòb, lgntrm jg unb gxtgnsb ârgb egtrmpmfitbnb? gn gffb rgsijgn bfhm eâs jg trgs eiffmngs jg pgrsmnbs, sin lmntbr fms mtrms ligntms jg eifgs qug trbnsitbn jibribegntg pmr fb liujbj. Gstbs sinhufbrijbjgs, tbntm institulimnbfgs lmem smlibfgs, sg gnlugntrbn gstrgl`begntg gntrgfbzbjbs? fb rgbfijbj jg Ebjrij lmem hrbn liujbj gs injismlibdfg jg su lmnjiliün jg lbpitbf jgf Gstbjm
Gstrulturb Fb Fgy 44/4331, jg : jg oufim, jg Lbpitbfijbj y jg Téhiegn Gspglibf jg Ebjrij, lmnstb jg 77 brtålufms jistriduijms gn lubtrm tåtufms, sigtg jispmsilimngs bjilimnbfgs, jms jispmsilimngs trbnsitmribs, unb jispmsiliün jgrmhbtmrib y jms jispmsilimngs ainbfgs
gjitmribf } lgp
<8
Gsqugeb 2
Butmnmeåb eunilipbf (brtålufm 4) Fb Liujbj jg Ebjrij hmzb jg butmnmeåb pbrb fb hgstiün jg sus intgrgsgs, lmn egjims glmnüeilm-ainbnligrms suailigntgs lmnamreg b fb Lmnstituliün, gf Gstbtutm jg Butmnmeåb Butmnmeåb jg fb Lmeunijbj jg Ebjrij y gf rgstm jgf mrjgnbeigntm ouråjilm. Fb hgstiün eunilipbf butünmeb sg jgsbrrmffb lmn fgbftbj institulimnbf y gn lmfbdmrbliün, lmmpgrbliün y lmmrjinbliün lmn fb Bjeinistrbliün Hgngrbf jgf Gstbjm y jg fb Lmeunijbj jg Ebjrij Ürhbnms jg hmdigrnm eunilipbf (brtålufm 8) \mn ürhbnms jg hmdigrnm eunilipbf? - Jgfidgrbntg jg rgprgsgntbliün rgprgsgntbliün pmfåtilb? gf gf Sfgnm Sfgnm - Goglutivms jg jirglliün jirglliün pmfåtilb y bjeinistrbtivb? gf Bflbfjg, fb Ountb jg Hmdigrnm, fms Zg Zgnigntgs nigntgs jg Bflbfjg, fms Lmnlgobfgs lmn rgspmnsbdifijbjgs jg hmdigrnm, fms eigedrms nm gfgltms jg fb Ountb jg Hmdigrnm y fms qug sg jgtgreingn gn gf lmrrgspmnjigntg Tghfbegntm mrhânilm Jistritms (brtålufm 44) Gf Sfgnm jgdgrâ lrgbr Jistritms, lmem jivisimngs tgrritmribfgs prmpibs, jmtbjbs jg ürhbnms jg hgstiün jgslmnlgntrbjb, pbrb iepufsbr y jgsbrrmffbr fb pbrtilipbliün liujbjbnb gn fb hgstiün jg fms bsuntms eunilipbfgs y su egomrb, sin pgrouilim jg fb unijbj jg hmdigrnm y hgstiün jg fb liujbj
<0
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