\@AG =
X`i`r`emkgs C`okscgtkvgs
Cg C`y =7/7;;0, =7/7;;0 , l` 2 l` efvk`ahr`, l` ^r`v`emkýe l` Xk`sofs Cghfrgc`s4 mfem`ptfs mfem`p tfs hçskmfs. hç skmfs. @^K] tkpfs y utkckzgmkýe l` cfs aksafs. Ket`rpr`tgmkýe l` `tkqu`tglf4 (mýlkofs X y ]) y pkmtforgags `e prflumtfs l` ckapk`zg. ]`÷gckzgmkýe l` glv`rt`emkg `e o`e`rgc. Xk`sofs gsfmkglfs g cg agekpucgmkýe l` prflumtfs l` ckapk`zg y agqukegrkg prfpkg l` cg mfmkeg. A`lklgs pr`v`etkvgs g glfptgr pfr `c p`rsfegc l` cgs çr`gs l` mfmkeg, gcagmëe, ckapk`zg y cgvgel`rág. Gmtugmkýe Gm tugmkýe `e mgsf l` gmmkl`et` ` kem`elkf. X`sklufs4 X`sklufs4 Mcgskikmgmkýe Mc gskikmgmkýe (tkpfcfoág, tkpf l` mfet`e`lfr y aëtflf l` agekpucgmkýe) y trgtgak`etf,(r`mkmcglf,`ckakegmkýe…) L`mkskýe 8>>>/0=8/M@ l` cg Mfakskýe, l` = l` agyf l` 8>>> qu` sustktuy` g cg L`mkskýe ;=/M@ pfr cg qu` s` `stghc`m` ueg ckstg l` r`sklufs l` mfeifraklgl mfe cg c`trg g) l`c grtámucf 7 l` cg Lkr`mtkvg ?0/<<8/M@@ l`c Mfes`df r`cgtkvg g cfs r`sklufs y g cg L`mkskýe ;;>7;00/P@ l` cg Mfakskýe, l` 72 l` lkmk`ahr` l` 8>7<, pfr cg qu` s` aflkikmg cg L`mkskýe 8>>>/0=8/M@, sfhr` cg ckstg l` r`sklufs, l` mfeifraklgl mfe cg Lkr`mtkvg 8>>2/;2/M@ l`c ^grcga`etf @urfp`f y l`c Mfes`df \`xtf p`rtke`et` g `i`mtfs l`c @@@ L`mr`tf 77/8>7<, l` 8> l` agrzf, pfr `c qu` s` gpru`hg `c ^cge X`okfegc l` Çahktf ]`mtfrkgc l`efakeglf «^cge Ket`orgc l` X`sklufs l` Mgstkccg y C`ýeº Lkr`mtkvg 8>>2/;2/M@ l`c ^grcga`etf @urfp`f y l`c Mfes`df l` 7; l` efvk`ahr` l` 8>>2 sfhr` cfs r`sklufs y pfr cg qu` s` l`rfoge l`t`rakeglgs Lkr`mtkvgs, muyg ôctkag aflkikmgmkýe s` bg prflumklf pfr X`ocga`etf (P@) 8>7?/;;? l`c Mfes`df, l` 2 l` duekf l` 8>7?, pfr pfr `c qu` s` aflkikmg aflkikmg `c ge`xf KKK l` cg Lkr`mtkvg Lkr`mtkvg 8>>2/;2/M@ l`c ^grcg^grcga`etf @urfp`f y l`c Mfes`df `e cf qu` gtg÷` g cg mgrgmt`rástkmg l` p`ckorfsklgl B^ 7< «@mftýxkmf
C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs, muyg ôctkag aflkikmgmkýe s` bg prflumklf pfr X`gc L`mr`tf 72>/8>70, l` 7= l` agrzf, pfr `c qu` s` r`oucg `c trgscglf l` r`sklufs `e `c ket`rkfr l`c t`rrktfrkf l`c @stglf y Frl`e GGG/9;;/8>79, l` ; l` agyf, pfr cg qu` s` aflkikmg cg fp`rgmkýe X7 l`c ge`xf KK l` cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr`, l` ^r`v`emkýe l` Xk`sofs Cghfrgc`s, muyg ôctkag aflkikmgmkýe s` bg prflumklf pfr C`y =0/8>7<, l` 89 l` lkmk`ahr`, pfr cg qu` s` aflkikmg `c t`xtf r`iuelklf l` cg C`y O`e`rgc l` cg ]`ourklgl ]fmkgc `e r`cgmkýe mfe `c rëoka`e durálkmf l` cgs Autugs l` Gmmkl`et`s l` \rghgdf y @ei`ra`lgl`s ^rfi`skfegc`s l` cg ]`ourklgl ]fmkgc X`gc L`mr`tf 800/8>>=, l` 82 l` i`hr`rf, pfr `c qu` s` gpru`hg `c X`ocga`etf sfhr` mcgskikmgmkýe, `evgsglf y `tkqu`tglf l` pr`pgrglfs p`ckorfsfs, muyg ôctkag aflkikmgmkýe s` bg prflumklf pfr C`y 2/8>7>, l` =7 l` agrzf, pfr cg qu` s` `stghc`m` `c rëoka`e sgemkfeglfr pr`vkstf `e cfs X`ocga`etfs (M@) r`cgtkvfs gc r`okstrf, g cg `vgcugmkýe, g cg gutfrkzgmkýe y g cg r`strkmmkýe l` cgs sustgemkgs y a`zmcgs quáakmgs (X@GMB) y sfhr` cg mcgskikmgmkýe, `c `tkqu`tglf y `c `evgsglf l` sustgemkgs y a`zmcgs (MC^), qu` cf aflkikmg X`gc L`mr`tf =9=/7;;0, l` 7> l` agrzf, pfr `c qu` s` gpru`hg `c X`ocga`etf sfhr` mcgskikmgmkýe, `evgsglf y `tkqu`tglf l` sustgemkgs p`ckorfsgs, muyg ôctkag aflkikmgmkýe s` bg prflumklf pfr X`gc L`mr`tf ??=/8>7?, l` 82 l` duckf, pfr `c qu` s` aflkikmge lkv`rsfs r`gc`s l`mr`tfs `e agt`rkg l` prflumtfs y `akskfe`s kelustrkgc`s X`gc L`mr`tf =?8>>7, l` 9 l` ghrkc, sfhr` cg prft`mmkýe l` cg sgcul y s`ourklgl l` cfs trghgdglfr`s mfetrg cfs rk`sofs r`cgmkfeglfs mfe cfs go`et`s quáakmfs lurget` `c trghgdf, muyg ôctkag aflkikmgmkýe s` bg prflumklf pfr X`gc L`mr`tf 0;2/8>70, l` = l` duckf, pfr `c qu` s` aflkikmge `c X`gc X`gc L`mr`tf =;/7;;?, l` l` 7? l` `e`rf, pfr pfr `c qu` s` gpru`hg `c X`ocga`etf l` cfs s`rvkmkfs l` pr`v`emkýe: `c X`gc L`mr`tf <20/7;;?, l` 7< l` ghrkc, sfhr` lkspfskmkfe`s aáekags `e agt`rkg l` s`÷gckzgmkýe l` s`ourklgl y sgcul `e `c trghgdf: `c X`gc L`mr`tf 990/7;;?, l` 78 l` agyf, sfhr` cg prft`mmkýe l` cfs trghgdglfr`s mfetrg cfs rk`sofs r`cgmkfeglfs mfe cg `xpfskmkýe g go`et`s mgem`ráo`efs lurget` `c trghgdf y `c X`gc L`mr`tf =?8>>7, l` 9 l` ghrkc, sfhr` cg prft`mmkýe l` cg sgcul y s`ourklgl l` cfs trghgdglfr`s mfetrg cfs rk`sofs r`cgmkfeglfs mfe cfs go`et`s quáakmfs lurget` `c trghgdf X`gc L`mr`tf =;=/8>>?, l` 8= l` agrzf, pfr `c qu` s` gpru`hg cg Efrag Hçskmg l` Gutfprft`mmkýe l` cfs m`etrfs, `stghc`mkak`etf `stghc`mkak`etfss y l`p`el`emkgs l`lkmglfs g gmtkvklgl`s qu` pu`lge lgr frko`e g sktugmkfe`s l` `a`ro`emkg X`gc L`mr`tf <29/7;;?, l` 7< l` ghrkc, pfr `c qu` s` `stghc`m`e cgs lkspfskmkfe`s aáekags l` s`ourklgl y sgcul `e cfs cuogr`s l` trghgdf, aflkikmglf pfr X`gc L`mr`tf 87??/8>><, l` 78 l` efvk`ahr`, pfr `c qu` s` aflkikmg `c X`gc L`mr`tf 7870/7;;?, l` 72 l` duckf, pfr `c qu` s` `stghc`m`e cgs lkspfskmkfe`s aáekags l` s`ourklgl y sgcul pgrg cg utkckzgmkýe pfr cfs trghgdglfr`s l` cfs `qukpfs l` trghgdf, `e agt`rkg l` trghg dfs t`apfrgc`s `e gcturg gcturg X`gc L`mr`tf ??>/7;;;, l` ? l` agyf, pfr `c qu` s` gpru`hg cg X`ocga`etgmkýe tëmekmf-sgektgrkg pgrg cg `cghfrgmkýe, mkrmucgmkýe y mfa`rmkf l` l`t`ro`et`s y ckapkglfr`s X`gc L`mr`tf ??=/7;;?, l` => l` agyf, sfhr` lkspfskmkfe`s aáekags l` s`ourklgl y sgcul r`cgtkvgs g cg utkckzgmkýe pfr cfs trghgdglfr`s l` `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc X`ocga`etf (M@) e´ 78?8/8>>2 l`c ^grcga`etf @urfp`f y l`c Mfes`df, l` 79 l` lkmk`ahr` l` 8>>2, sfhr` mcgskikmgmkýe, `tkqu`tglf y `evgsglf l` sustgemkgs y a`zmcgs, y pfr `c qu` s` aflkikmge y l`rfoge cgs Lkr`mtkvgs 9?/0<2/M@@ y 7;;;/<0/M@ y s` aflkikmg `c X`ocga`etf (M@) e´ 7;>?/8>>9, muyg ôctkag aflkikmgmkýe s` bg prflumklf pfr X`ocga`etf (P@) 8>79/77?; l` cg Mfakskýe, l` 7; l` duckf l` 8>79, qu` aflkikmg, g `i`mtfs l` su glgptgmkýe gc prfor`sf mk`etáikmf y tëmekmf, `c X`ocga`etf (M@) e´ 78?8/8>>2 l`c
^grcga`etf @urfp`f y l`c Mfes`df, sfhr` mcgskikmgmkýe, `tkqu`tglf y `evgsglf l` sustgemkgs y a`zmcgs
Hkhckforgiág
Gmtugmkfe`s hçskmgs `e `a`ro`emkgs `vgmugmkýe y gutfprft`mmkýe, gutfr4 Goustáe ]ge Dgka`, @lktfrkgc \`hg H`r`eou`r ]uhkcs, Aª Dfsë: Ogl`g Mgrr`rg, @erkqu`. ^`ckorfsklgl l` prflumtfs quáakmfs4 `tkqu`tglf y ikmbgs l` lgtfs l` s`ourklgl. Eftg \ëmekmg l` ^r`v`emkýe e´ <0;-7;;?. Ir`agp. Ageugc l` s`ourklgl y sgcul `e mfmkegs, hgr`s y r`stgurget`s. Autug Mfcghfrglfrg mfe cg ]`ourklgl ]fmkgc E´ 97. 8>7? Ouág \ëmekmg pgrg cg `vgcugmkýe y pr`v`emkýe l` cfs rk`sofs r`cgtkvfs g cg utkckzgmkýe l` cfs cuogr`s l` trghgdf. KE]B\, 7;;2. Akekst`rkf l` \rghgdf, Akorgmkfe`s y ]`ourklgl ]fmkgc
Fhd`tkvfs
Gpr`el`r cfs mfem`ptfs hçskmfs `e agt`rkg l` pr`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs cghfrgc`s Mfefm`r cfs lkstketfs tkpfs l` `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc gsá mfaf cgs efmkfe`s hçskmgs r`i`r`et`s g su utkckzgmkýe @stulkgr mýaf ket`rpr`tgr `c `tkqu`tglf y cfs pkmtforgags l` cfs prflumtfs l` ckapk`zg Kl`etkikmgr cfs rk`sofs r`cgmkfeglfs mfe cg agekpucgmkýe l` prflumtfs l` ckapk`zg gsá mfaf cfs r`i`r`et`s gc usf l` cg agqukegrkg l` mfmkeg L`t`rakegr cgs a`lklgs hçskmgs pr`v`etkvgs `e agt`rkg l` mfmkeg, gcagmëe, ckapk`zg y cgvgel`rág Gpr`el`r mýaf gmtugr `e mgsf l` gmmkl`et` ` kem`elkf ]gh`r cg efragtkvg hçskmg r`i`r`et` g cg mcgskikmgmkýe y trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs
`lktfrkgc } m`p
7. CG C@ C@[ [ =7 =7//7; 7;; ;0, L@ 2 L@ EFY EFYK@ K@AH AHX@, X@, L@ ^X ^X@Y @Y@E @EMKÝ MKÝE E L@ XK@]OF] CGHFXGC@]4 MFEM@^\F] HÇ]KMF] 7.7 Ketrflummkýe @c grt. <>.8 l` cg Mfestktumkýe @spg÷fcg `emfak`elg g cfs pfl`r`s pôhckmfs, mfaf uef l` cfs prkemkpkfs r`mtfr`s l` cg pfcátkmg sfmkgc y `mfeýakmg, v`cgr pfr cg s`ourklgl ` bkok`e` `e `c trghgdf. @st` agelgtf mfestktumkfegc mfecc`vg cg e`m`sklgl l` l`sgrrfccgr ueg pfcátkmg l` prft`mmkýe l` cg sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s a`lkget` cg ^r`v`emkýe l` cfs rk`sofs l`rkvglfs l` su trghgdf. Cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr`, l` ^r`v`emkýe l` Xk`sofs Cghfrgc`s, `s `c pkcgr iuelga`etgc `e `c qu` l`smgesg `c a`emkfeglf agelgtf mfestktumkfegc. @e cg aksag s` mfeikourg `c agrmf o`e`rgc `e `c qu` qu ` bghrçe l` l`sgrrfccgrs` cgs lkstketgs gmmkfe`s pr`v`etkvgs, `e mfb`r`emkg mfe cgs l`mkskfe`s l` cg Pekýe @urfp`g.
Cgs lkspfskmkfe`s l` mgrçmt`r cghfrgc mfet`eklgs `e `stg C`y y `e sus efrags r`ocga`etgrkgs t`elrçe `e tflf mgsf `c mgrçmt`r l` L`r`mbf e`m`sgrkf aáekaf, pulk`elf s`r a`dfrglgs y l`sgrrfccglgs `e cfs mfev`ekfs mfc`mtkvfs.
L` cgs Lkr`mtkvgs qu` mfeikourge cg prft`mmkýe l` cg sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s `e `c trghgdf, cg açs skoekikmgtkvg `s, ske lulg, cg 2;/=;7/M@@, r`cgtkvg g cg gpckmgmkýe l` cgs a`lklgs pgrg prfafv`r cg a`dfrg l` cg s`ourklgl y l` cg sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s `e `c trghgdf, qu` mfetk`e` `c agrmf durálkmf o`e`rgc `e `c qu` fp`rg cg pfcátkmg l` ^r`v`emkýe mfauektgrkg. Cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr`, l` ^r`v`emkýe l` Xk`sofs Cghfrgc`s, trgespfe` gc L`r`mbf @spg÷fc cg mktglg Lkr`mtkvg. Cg C`y l` ^r`v`emkýe l` Xk`sofs Cghfrgc`s tk`e` pfr fhd`tf prfafv`r cg s`ourklgl y c g sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s a`lkget` cg gpckmgmkýe l` a`lklgs y `c l`sgrrfccf l` cgs gmtkvklgl`s e`m`sgrkgs pgrg cg ^r`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs l`rkvglfs l`c trghgdf. G tgc`s `i`mtfs, `stg C`y `stghc`m` cfs prkemkpkfs o`e`rgc`s r`cgtkvfs g cg ^r`v`emkýe l` cfs rk`sofs prfi`skfegc`s pgrg cg prft`mmkýe l` cg s`ourklgl y l` cg sgcul, cg `ckakegmkýe f lksakeumkýe l` cfs rk`sofs l`rkvglfs l`c trghgdf, cg keifragmkýe, cg mfesuctg, cg pgrtkmkpgmkýe `qukckhrglg y cg ifragmkýe l` cfs trghgdglfr`s `e agt`rkg pr`v`etkvg. ^grg `c muapckak`etf l` lkmbfs ike`s, cg C`y l` ^r`v`emkýe l` Xk`sofs Cghfrgc`s r`oucg cgs gmtugmkfe`s g l`sgrrfccgr pfr cgs Glakekstrgmkfe`s pôhckmgs, gsá mfaf pfr cfs `apr`sgrkfs, cfs trghgdglfr`s y sus r`sp`mtkvgs frogekzgmkfe`s r`pr`s`etgtkvgs.
7.8 @strumturg y mfet`eklf Cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr`, l` ^r`v`emkýe l` Xk`sofs Cghfrgc`s, mfestg l` 0< grtámucfs, lkvklklfs `e ? Mgpátucfs, lk`mksk`t` Lkspfskmkfe`s glkmkfegc`s, lfs Lkspfskmkfe`s trgesktfrkgs, ueg Lkspfskmkýe l`rfogtfrkg y lfs Lkspfskmkfe`s ikegc`s. ]u `strumturg `s cg skouk`et`4
788
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
C@[ =7/7;;0, L@ ^X@Y@EMKÝE L@ XK@]OF] CGHFXGC@] MG^Á\PCF K. Fhd`tf, çahktf l` gpckmgmkýe y l`ikekmkfe`s MG^Á\PCF KK. ^fcátkmg `e agt`rkg l` pr`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs pgrg prft`o`r cg s`ourklgl y cg sgcul `e `c trghgdf MG^Á\PCF KKK. L`r`mbfs y fhckogmkfe`s MG^Á\PCF KY. ]`rvkmkfs l` pr`v`emkýe MG^Á\PCF Y. Mfesuctg y pgrtkmkpgmkýe l` cfs trghgdglfr`s MG^Á\PCF YK. Fhckogmkfe`s l` cfs ighrkmget`s, kapfrtglfr`s y suakekstrglfr`s MG^Á\PCF YKK. X`spfesghkcklgl`s y sgemkfe`s LK]^F]KMKFE@] GLKMKFEGC@] (7?) LK]^F]KMKFE@] \XGE]K\FXKG] (8) LK]^F]KMKÝE L@XFOG\FXKG (7) LK]^F]KMKFE@] IKEGC@] (8)
7.= Mfem`ptfs hçskmfs G. Efragtkvg sfhr` pr`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs cghfrgc`s Cg efragtkvg sfhr` pr`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs cghfrgc`s `stç mfestktuklg pfr cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr`, sus lkspfskmkfe`s l` l`sgrrfccf f mfapc`a`etgrkgs y mugetgs ftrgs efrags, c`ogc`s f mfev`emkfegc`s, mfet`eoge pr`smrkpmkfe`s r`cgtkvgs g cg glfpmkýe l` a`lklgs pr`v`etkvgs `e `c çahktf cghfrgc f susm`ptkhc`s l` prflumkrcgs `e lkmbf çahktf.
H. Fhd`tf y mgrçmt`r l` cg efrag Cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr` tk`e` pfr fhd`tf prfafv`r cg s`ourklgl y cg sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s a`lkget` cg gpckmgmkýe l` a`lklgs y `c l`sgrrfccf l` cgs gmtkvklgl`s e`m`sgrkgs pgrg cg pr`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs l`rkvglfs l`c trghgdf G tgc`s `i`mtfs, cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr` `stghc`m` cfs prkemkpkfs o`e`rgc`s r`cgtkvfs g cg pr`v`emkýe l` cfs rk`sofs prfi`skfegc`s pgrg cg prft`mmkýe l` cg s`ourklgl y l` cg sgcul, cg `ckakegmkýe f lksakeumkýe l` cfs rk`sofs l`rkvglfs l`c trghgdf, cg keifragmkýe, cg mfesuctg, cg pgrtkmkpgmkýe `qukckhrglg y cg ifragmkýe l` cfs trghgdglfr`s `e agt`rkg pr`v`etkvg, `e cfs tërakefs s`÷gcglfs `e cg pr`s`et` lkspfskmkýe. ^grg `c muapckak`etf l` lkmbfs ike`s, cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr` r`oucg cgs gmtugmkfe`s g l`sgrrfccgr pfr cgs Glakekstrgmkfe`s pôhckmgs, gsá mfaf pfr cfs `apr`sgrkfs, cfs trghgdglfr`s y sus r`sp`mtkvgs frogekzgmkfe`s r`pr`s`etgtkvgs. Cgs lkspfskmkfe`s l` mgrçmt`r cghfrgc mfet`eklgs `e cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr` y `e sus efrags r`ocga`etgrkgs t`elrçe `e tflf mgsf `c mgrçmt`r l` L`r`mbf e`m`sgrkf aáekaf kelkspfekhc`, pulk`elf s`r a`dfrglgs y l`sgrrfccglgs `e cfs mfev`ekfs mfc`mtkvfs
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
78=
`lktfrkgc } m`p
M. Çahktf l` gpckmgmkýe Cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr`, l` ^r`v`emkýe l` Xk`sofs Cghfrgc`s y sus efrags l` l`sgrrfccf s`rçe l` gpckmgmkýe tgetf `e `c çahktf l` cgs r`cgmkfe`s cghfrgc`s r`oucglgs `e `c t`xtf r`iuelklf l` cg C`y l`c @stgtutf l` cfs \rghgdglfr`s, mfaf `e `c l` cgs r`cgmkfe`s l` mgrçmt`r glakekstrgtkvf f `stgtutgrkf l`c p`rsfegc gc s`rvkmkf l` cgs Glakekstrgmkfe`s ^ôhckmgs, mfe cgs p`muckgrklgl`s qu`, `e `st` mgsf, s` mfet`apcge `e cg pr`s`et` C`y f `e sus efrags l` l`sgrrfccf. @ccf ske p`rdukmkf l`c muapckak`etf l` cgs fhckogmkfe`s `sp`máikmgs qu` s` `stghc`m`e pgrg ighrkmget`s, kapfrtglfr`s y suakekstrglfr`s, y l` cfs l`r`mbfs y fhckogmkfe`s qu` pu`lge l`rkvgrs` pgrg cfs trghgdglfr`s gutýefafs. Kougca`et` s`rçe gpckmghc`s g cgs sfmk`lgl`s mffp`rgtkvgs, mfestktuklgs l` gmu`rlf mfe cg c`okscgmkýe qu` c`s s`g l` gpckmgmkýe, `e cgs qu` `xkstge sfmkfs muyg gmtkvklgl mfeskstg `e cg pr`stgmkýe l` ue trghgdf p`rsfegc, mfe cgs p`muckgrklgl`s l`rkvglgs l` su efragtkvg `sp`máikmg. Mugelf `e cg C`y s` bgog r`i`r`emkg g trghgdglfr`s y `apr`sgrkfs, s` `et`el`rçe tgahkëe mfapr`elklfs `e `stfs tërakefs, r`sp`mtkvga`et`, l` ueg pgrt`, `c p`rsfegc mfe r`cgmkýe l` mgrçmt`r glakekstrgtkvf f `stgtutgrkf y cg Glakekstrgmkýe pôhckmg pgrg cg qu` pr`stg s`rvkmkfs, `e cfs tërakefs `xpr`sglfs `e cg lkspfskmkýe glkmkfegc t`rm`rg l` `stg C`y, y, l` ftrg, cfs sfmkfs l` cgs mffp`rgtkvgs g qu` s` r`ik`r` `c pçrrgif get`rkfr y cgs sfmk`lgl`s mffp`rgtkvgs pgrg cgs qu` pr`stge sus s`rvkmkfs. Cg C`y ef s`rç l` gpckmgmkýe `e gqu`ccgs gmtkvklgl`s muygs pgrtkmucgrklgl`s cf kapklge `e `c çahktf l` cgs iuemkfe`s pôhckmgs l`4 - ^fckmág, s`ourklgl y r`sougrlf gluge`rf. - ]`rvkmkfs fp`rgtkvfs l` prft`mmkýe mkvkc y p`rktgd` p`rktgd` ifr`es` ifr`es` `e cfs mgsfs l` orgv` rk`sof, rk`sof, mgtçstrfi` y mgcgaklgl pôhckmg. - Iu`rzgs Graglgs y gmtkvklgl`s akcktgr`s l` cg Ougrlkg Mkvkc. Ef fhstget`, `stg C`y kespkrgrç cg efragtkvg `sp`máikmg qu` s` lkmt` pgrg r`oucgr cg prft`mmký prft`mmkýe e l` cg s`ourklgl y cg sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s qu` pr`stge sus s`rvkmkfs `e cgs k elkmglgs gmtkvklgl`s. @e cfs m`etrfs y `stghc`mkak`etfs akcktgr`s s`rç l` gpckmgmkýe cf lkspu`stf `e cg C`y, mfe cgs pgrtkmucgrklgl`s pr`vkstgs `e su efragtkvg `sp`máikmg. @e cfs `stghc`mkak`etfs p`ekt`emkgrkfs, s` glgptgrçe g cg C`y gqu`ccgs gmtkvklgl`s muygs mgrgmt`rástkmgs dustkikqu`e ueg r`oucgmkýe `sp`mkgc, cf qu` s` cc`vgrç g `i`mtf `e cfs tërakefs s`÷gcglfs `e cg C`y ?/7;;>, l` 7; l` duckf, sfhr` e`ofmkgmkýe mfc`mtkvg y pgrtkmkpgmkýe `e cg l`t`rakegmkýe l` cgs mfelkmkfe`s l` trghgdf l` cfs `apc`glfs pôhckmfs. pôhck mfs. Cg C`y tgapfmf s`rç l` gpckmgmkýe g cg r`cgmkýe cghfrgc l` mgrçmt`r `sp`mkgc l`c s`rvkmkf l`c bfogr igakckgr. Ef fhstget` cf get`rkfr, `c tktucgr l`c bfogr igakckgr `stç fhckoglf g muklgr l` qu` `c trghgdf l` sus `apc`glfs s` r`gckm` `e cgs l`hklgs mfelkmkfe`s l` s`ourklgl ` bkok`e`.
L. Mfem`ptfs o`e`rgc` o`e`rgc`ss g) ]` `et`el`rç pfr –^r`v`emkýe‑ `c mfeduetf l` gmtkvklgl`s f a`lklgs glfptglgs glfptglgs f pr`vkstgs `e tflgs cgs igs`s l` gmtkvklgl l` cg `apr`sg mfe `c ike l` `vktgr f lksakeukr cfs rk`sofs l`rkvglfs l`c trghgdf.
78<
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
h) ]` `et`el`rç mfaf –rk`sof cghfrgc‑ cg pfskhkcklgl l` qu` ue trghgdglfr suirg ue l`t`rakeglf lg÷f l`rkvglf l`c trghgdf. ^grg mgckikmgr ue rk`sof l`sl` `c puetf l` vkstg l` su orgv`lgl, s` vgcfrgrçe mfeduetga`et` cg prfhghkcklgl l` qu` s` prfluzmg `c lg÷f y cg s`v`rklgl l`c aksaf. m) ]` mfeskl`rgrçe mfeskl`rgrçe mfaf –lg÷fs l`rkvglfs l`c l`c trghgdf‑ cgs `ei`ra`lgl`s, `ei`ra`lgl`s, pgtfcfoágs f c`skfe`s c`skfe`s suirklgs mfe aftkvf u fmgskýe l`c trghgdf. l) ]` `et`el`rç mfaf –rk`sof –rk`sof cghfrgc orgv` ` keake`et`‑ gqu`c qu` r`suct` prfhghc` rgmkfegca`et`, rgmkfegca`et`, qu` s` agt`rkgckm` `e ue iuturf kea`lkgtf y pu`lg supfe`r ue lg÷f orgv` pgrg cg sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s. @e `c mgsf l` `xpfskmkýe g go`et`s susm`ptkhc`s susm`ptkhc`s l` mgusgr lg÷fs orgv`s g cg sgcul sgcul l` cfs cfs trghgdglfr`s, s` mfeskl`rgrç qu` `xkst` ue rk`sof orgv` ` ke ake`et` mugelf s`g prfhghc` rgmkfegca`et` qu` s` agt`rkgckm` `e ue iuturf kea`lkgtf ueg `xpfskmkýe g lkmbfs go`et`s l` cg qu` pu`lge l`rkvgrs` lg÷fs orgv`s pgrg cg sgcul, gue mugelf ëstfs ef s` agekik`st`e l` ifrag kea`lkgtg. `) ]` `et`el`rçe mfaf prfm`sfs, prfm`sfs, gmtkvklgl`s, fp`rgmkfe`s, `qukpfs f prflumtfs –pft`emkgca`et` p`ckorfsfs‑ gqu`ccfs qu`, `e gus`emkg l` a`lklgs pr`v`etkvgs `sp`máikmgs, frkoke`e rk`sofs pgrg cg s`ourklgl y cg sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s qu` cfs l`sgrrfccge f utkckzge. i) ]` `et`el`rç mfaf –`qukpf l` trghgdf‑ mugcquk`r açqukeg, gpgrgtf, kestrua`etf f kestgcgmkýe utkckzglg `e `c trghgdf. o) ]` `et`el`rç mfaf –mfelkmkýe l` trghgdf‑ mugcquk`r mgrgmt`rástkmg mgrgmt`rástkmg l`c aksaf qu` pu`lg t`e`r ueg keicu`emkg skoekikmgtkvg `e cg o`e`rgmkýe l` rk`sofs pgrg cg s`ourklgl y cg sgcul l`c trghgdglfr. Wu`lge `sp`máikmga`et` kemcuklgs `e `stg l`ikekmkýe4 - Cgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs o`e`rgc`s o`e`rgc`s l` cfs cfmgc`s, kestgcgmkfe`s, `qukpfs, `qukpfs, prflumtfs prflumtfs y l`açs ôtkc`s `xkst`et`s `e `c m`etrf l` trghgdf. - Cg egturgc`zg l` cfs go`et`s go`et`s iáskmfs, iáskmfs, quáakmfs y hkfcýokmfs pr`s`et`s `e `c gahk`et` gahk`et` l` trghgdf trghgdf y sus mfrr`spfelk`et`s ket`esklgl`s, mfem`etrgmkfe`s f ekv`c`s l` pr`s`emkg. - Cfs prfm`lkak`etfs prfm`lkak`etfs pgrg cg utkckzgmkýe l` cfs go`et`s go`et`s mktglfs get`rkfra`et` qu` keicuyge `e cg o`e`rgmkýe l` cfs rk`sofs a`emkfeglfs. - \flgs gqu`ccgs ftrgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs l`c trghgdf, kemcuklgs cgs r`cgtkvgs g su frogekzgmkýe y frl`egmkýe, qu` keicuyge `e cg agoektul l` cfs rk`sofs g qu` `stë `xpu`stf `c trghgdglfr. b) ]` `et`el`rç pfr –`qukpf l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc‑ mugcquk`r `qukpf l`stkeglf g s`r cc`vglf f sud`tglf pfr `c trghgdglfr pgrg qu` c` prft`dg l` uef f vgrkfs rk`sofs qu` pu`lge ga`egzgr su s`ourklgl f su sgcul `e `c trghgdf, gsá mfaf mugcquk`r mfapc`a`etf f gmm`sfrkf l`stkeglf g tgc ike.
8. @^K] \K^F] [ P\KCKTG P\KCKTGMKÝE MKÝE L@ CF] AK]AF] 8.7 L`ikekmkýe ]` `etk`el` pfr `qukpf l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc (@^K) ( @^K) mugcquk`r `qukpf l`stkeglf g s`r cc`vglf f sud`tglf pfr `c trghgdglfr pgrg qu` c` prft`dg l` uef f vgrkfs rk`sofs qu` pu`lge ga`egzgr su s`ourklgl f su sgcul, gsá mfaf mugcquk`r mfapc`a`etf f gmm`sfrkf l`stkeglf g tgc ike. ]` `xmcuy`e l` `stg l`ikekmkýe4
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
780
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- Cg rfpg l` trghgdf mfrrk`et` y cfs uekifra`s qu` ef `stëe `sp`máikmga`et` l`stkeglfs g prft`o`r cg sgcul f cg ket`orklgl iáskmg l`c trghgdglfr. - Cfs `qukpfs l` cfs s`rvkmkfs l` sfmfrrf sfmfrrf y sgcvga`etf. - Cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc l` cfs akcktgr`s, l` cfs pfckmágs y l` cgs p`rsfegs l` cfs s`rvkmkfs l` aget`ekak`etf l`c frl`e. - Cfs `qukpfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc l` cfs cfs a`lkfs l` trgespfrt` trgespfrt` pfr mgrr`t`rg. - @c agt`rkgc l` l`pfrt`. - @c agt`rkgc l` gutfl`i`esg f l` lksugskýe. - Cfs gpgrgtfs pfrtçtkc`s pgrg cg l`t`mmkýe y s`÷gckzgmkýe l` cfs rk`sofs rk`sofs y l` cfs igmtfr`s igmtfr`s l` afc`stkg.
8.8 \kpfs l` @^K] G. ^rft`mtfr`s l` cg mgh`zg - Mgsmfs l` s`ourklgl s`ourklgl (fhrgs pôhckmgs y mfestrummkýe, akegs ` kelustrkgs lkv`rsgs). - Mgsmfs l` prft`mmkýe mfetrg mbfqu`s ` kapgmtfs. - ^r`elgs l` prft`mmkýe pgrg cg mgh`zg (ofrrfs, (ofrrfs, ofrrgs, sfahr`rfs, `tm., `tm., l` t`dklf, t`dklf, l` t`dklf r`muhk`rtf, `tm.). - Mgsmfs pgrg usfs `sp`mkgc`s (iu`of, prflumtfs quáakmfs).
H. ^rft`mtfr`s ^rft `mtfr`s l`c fálf - ^rft`mtfr ^rft`mtfr`s `s gulktkvfs tkpf «tgpfe`sº. - ^rft`mtfr ^rft`mtfr`s `s gulktkvfs l`s`mbghc`s f r`utkckzghc`s. - ^rft`mtfr ^rft`mtfr`s `s gulktkvfs tkpf «fr`d`rgsº «fr`d`rgsº mfe mfe greës l` mgh`zg, mgh`zg, hgdf cg hgrhkccg f cg eumg. - Mgsmfs getkrruklf. - ^rft`mtfr ^rft`mtfr`s `s gulktkvfs gmfpcghc`s g cfs mgsmfs mgsmfs l` prft`mmkýe pgrg cg kelustrkg. - ^rft`mtfr ^rft`mtfr`s `s gulktkvfs l`p`elk`et`s l`c ekv`c. - ^rft`mtfr ^rft`mtfr`s `s gulktkvfs mfe gpgrgtfs l` ket`rmfauekmgmkýe.
M. ^rft`mtfr`s l` cfs fdfs y l` cg mgrg - Ogigs l` afeturg «uekv`rsgcº. - Ogigs l` afeturg «ket`orgcº (uek f hkfmucgr). - Ogigs l` afeturg «mgzfc`tgsº. - ^getgccgs igmkgc`s.
789
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- ^getgccgs pgrg pgrg sfclglurg (l` agef, l` mgh`zg, gmfpcghc`s g mgsmf l` prft`mmkýe prft`mmkýe pgrg pgrg cg kelustrkg).
L. ^rft`mmkýe l` cgs vágs r`spkrg r`spkrgtfrkgs tfrkgs - @qukpfs ikctrget`s l` pgrtámucgs (afc`stgs, efmkvgs, týxkmgs f rglkgmtkvgs). - @qukpfs ikctrget`s ir`et` g ogs`s y vgpfr`s. - @qukpfs ikctrget`s akxtfs. - @qukpfs gkscget`s l` gkr` ckhr`. - @qukpfs gkscget`s mfe suakekstrf l` gkr`. - @qukpfs r`spkrgtfrkfs mfe mgsmf f pgetgccg pgrg sfclglurg. - @qukpfs r`spkrgtfrkfs mfe açsmgrg gafvkhc` pgrg sfclglurg. - @qukpfs l` suhagrkeksaf.
@. ^rft`mtfr`s l` agefs y hrgzfs - Ouget`s mfetrg cgs gor`skfe`s a`mçekmgs (p`rifrgmkfe`s, mfrt`s, vkhrgmkfe`s). - Ouget`s mfetrg cgs gor`skfe`s quáakmgs. - Ouget`s mfetrg cgs gor`skfe`s l` frko`e `cëmtrkmf. - Ouget`s mfetrg cgs gor`skfe`s l` frko`e tërakmf. - Agefpcgs. - Ageouktfs y ageogs.
I. ^rft`mtfr`s l` pk`s y pk`regs - Mgczglf l` s`ourklgl. - Mgczglf l` prft`mmkýe. - Mgczglf l` trghgdf. - Mgczglf y muhr`mgczglf l` prft`mmkýe mfetrg `c mgcfr. - Mgczglf y muhr`mgczglf l` prft`mmkýe mfetrg `c iráf. - Mgczglf ir`et` g cg `c`mtrkmklgl. - Mgczglf l` prft`mmkýe mfetrg cgs aftfsk`rrgs. - ^rft`mtfr ^rft`mtfr`s `s gafvkhc`s l`c `ap`ke`. - ^fcgkegs. - ]u`cgs gafvkhc`s (getktërakmgs, getkp`rifrgmkýe f getktrgespkrgmkýe). - Xflkcc`rgs.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
78?
`lktfrkgc } m`p
O. ^rft`mtfr`s l` cg pk`c - Mr`ags l` prft`mmkýe y pfaglgs.
B. ^rft`mtfr`s l`c trfemf y `c ghlfa`e - Mbgc`mfs, mbgqu`tgs y agelkc`s l` prft`mmkýe mfetrg cgs gor`skfe`s a`mçekmgs (p`rifrgmkfe`s, mfrt`s, prfy`mmkfe`s l` a`tgc`s `e iuskýe). - Mbgc`mfs, mbgqu`tgs y agelkc`s l` prft`mmkýe prft`mmkýe mfetrg cgs gor`skfe`s gor`skfe`s quáakmgs. - Mbgc`mfs t`raýo`efs. - Mbgc`mfs sgcvgvklgs. - Agelkc`s l` prft`mmkýe mfetrg cfs rgyfs R. - Mketurfe`s l` sud`mkýe l`c trfemf. - Igdgs y mketurfe`s getkvkhrgmkfe`s.
K. ^rft`mmkýe ^r ft`mmkýe tftgc l`c mu`rpf - @qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe mfetrg cgs mgálgs l` gcturg. - Lkspfsktkvfs getkmgálgs l`sckzget`s. - Gre`s`s. - Mketurfe`s l` sud`mkýe. - Lkspfsktkvfs getkmgálgs mfe gafrtkouglfr. - Xfpg l` prft`mmkýe. - Xfpg l` prft`mmkýe mfetrg cgs gor`skfe`s gor`skfe`s a`mçekmgs (p`rifrgmkfe`s, mfrt`s). - Xfpg l` prft`mmkýe mfetrg cgs gor`skfe`s quáakmgs. - Xfpg l` prft`mmkýe mfetrg cgs prfy`mmkfe`s l` a`tgc`s `e iuskýe y cgs rglkgmkfe`s keirgrrfkeirgrrf dgs. - Xfpg l` prft`mmkýe mfetrg iu`et`s l` mgcfr ket`esf f `strës tërakmf. - Xfpg l` prft`mmkýe mfetrg hgdgs t`ap`rgturgs. - Xfpg l` prft`mmkýe mfetrg cg mfetgakegmkýe rglkgmtkvg. - Xfpg getkpfcvf. - Xfpg getkoçs. - Xfpg y gmm`sfrkfs (hrgzgc`t`s, ouget`s) l` s`÷gckzgmkýe (r`trfrr`ic`mt (r`trfrr`ic`mtget`s, get`s, icufr`sm`et`s). icufr`sm`et`s).
8.= Mrkt`rkfs pgrg `c `apc`f l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc Cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc l`h`rçe utkckzgrs` mugelf `xkstge rk`sofs pgrg cg s`ourklgl f sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s qu` ef bgyge pflklf `vktgrs` f ckaktgrs` suikmk`et`a`et` pfr
782
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
a`lkfs tëmekmfs l` prft`mmkýe mfc`mtkvg f a`lkget` a`lklgs, aëtflfs f prfm`lkak`etfs l` frogekzgmkýe l`c trghgdf. @e pgrtkmucgr, `e cgs gmtkvklgl`s f s`mtfr`s l` gmtkvklgl kelkmglgs `e `c ge`xf KKK l`c X`gc L`mr`tf ??=/7;;?, l` => l` agyf, sfhr` lkspfskmkfe`s aáekags l` s`ourklgl y sgcul r`cgtkvgs g cg utkckzgmkýe pfr cfs trghgdglfr`s l` `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc, pu`l` r`suctgr e`m`sgrkg cg utkckzgmkýe l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc g a`efs qu` cg kapcgetgmkýe l` cgs a`lklgs tëmekmgs u frogekzgtkvgs mktglgs get`rkfra`et` ogrgetkm` cg `ckakegmkýe f suikmk`et` ckaktgmkýe l` cfs rk`sofs mfrr`spfelk`et`s. Cg mfemurr`emkg l` cgs mkrmuestgemkgs g qu` s` r`ik`r`e cfs pçrrgifs get`rkfr`s s` bgrç mfestgr `e cg lfmua`etgmkýe pr`vkstg `e `c grtámucf 8= l` cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr`, l` ^r`v`emkýe l` Xk`sofs Cghfrgc`s.
8.< Mfelkmkfe`s qu` l`h`e r`uekr cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc Cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc prfpfrmkfegrçe ueg prft`mmkýe `ikmgz ir`et` g cfs rk`sofs qu` aftkvge su usf, ske supfe`r pfr sá aksafs u fmgskfegr rk`sofs glkmkfegc`s ek afc`stkgs kee`m`sgrkgs. G tgc ike l`h`rçe4 - X`spfel`r g cgs mfelkmkfe`s `xkst`et`s `e `c cuogr l` trghgdf. - \`e`r `e mu`etg cgs mfelkmkfe`s gegtýakmgs y ikskfcýokmgs y `c `stglf l` sgcul l`c trghgdglfr. - Gl`mugrs` gc pfrtglfr, trgs cfs gdust`s e`m`sgrkfs.
@e mugcquk`r mgsf, cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc l`h`rçe r`uekr cfs r`quksktfs `stghc`mklfs `e mugcquk`r lkspfskmkýe c`ogc f r`ocga`etgrkg qu` c`s s`g l` gpckmgmkýe, `e pgrtkmucgr `e cf r`cgtkvf g su lks`÷f y ighrkmgmkýe.
@e mgsf l` rk`sofs aôctkpc`s qu` `xkdge cg utkckzgmkýe skauctçe`g l` vgrkfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc, ëstfs l`h`rçe s`r mfapgtkhc`s `etr` sá y aget`e`r su `ikmgmkg `e r`cgmkýe mfe `c rk`sof f rk`sofs mfrr`spfelk`et`s.
8.0 @c`mmkýe l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc ^grg cg `c`mmkýe l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc, `c `apr`sgrkf l`h`rç cc`vgr g mghf cgs skouk`et`s gmtugmkfe`s4 - Gegckzgr y `vgcugr cfs rk`sofs `xkst`et`s `xkst`et`s qu` ef pu`lge `vktgrs` `vktgrs` f ckaktgrs` suikmk`et`a`et` suikmk`et`a`et` pfr ftrfs a`lkfs. @e `c ge`xf KK l`c l `c X`gc L`mr`tf ??=/7;;?, l` => l` agyf, ikourg ue `squ`ag kelkmgtkvf pgrg r`gckzgr `c kev`etgrkf l` cfs rk`sofs. - L`ikekr cgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs qu` l`h`rçe r`uekr cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc pgrg ogrgetkzgr ogrgetkzgr su iuemkýe, t`ek`elf `e mu`etg cg egturgc`zg y agoektul l` cfs rk`sofs l` cfs qu` l`hge prft`o`r, gsá mfaf cfs igmtfr`s glkmkfegc`s l` rk`sof qu` pu`lge mfestktukr cfs prfpkfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc f su utkckzgmkýe. ^grg `ccf `e `c ge`xf KY l`c X`gc L`mr`tf ??=/7;;?, l` => l` agyf, s` mfetk`e`e ue mfeduetf l` kelkmgmkfe`s ef `xbgustkvgs pgrg cg `vgcugmkýe l` ueg s`rk` l` `qukpfs l` `xt`elklg utkckzgmkýe.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
78;
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- Mfapgrgr cgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mm prft`mmkýe kýe kelkvklugc `xkst`et`s `xkst`et`s `e `c a`rmglf a`rmglf mfe cgs l`ikeklgs s`oôe cf s`÷gcglf `e `c pçrrgif get`rkfr. Gc `c`okr ue `qukpf l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc `e iuemkýe l`c r`suctglf l` cgs gmtugmkfe`s l`sgrrfccglgs s`oôe cf lkspu`stf get`rkfra`et`, `c `apr`sgrkf l`h`rç v`rkikmgr cg mfeifraklgl l`c `qukpf `c`oklf mfe cgs mfelkmkfe`s y r`quksktfs `stghc`mklfs `e `c grtámucf 0 l`c X`gc L`mr`tf ??=/7;;?, l` => l` agyf. Cg l`t`rakegmkýe l` cgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc l`h`rç r`vksgrs` `e iuemkýe l` cgs aflkikmgmkfe`s qu` s` prfluzmge `e mugcquk`rg l` cgs mkrmuestgemkgs y mfelkmkfe`s qu` aftkvgrfe su `c`mmkýe. G `st` r`sp`mtf, l`h`rçe t`e`rs` `e mu`etg cgs aflkikmgmkfe`s skoekikmgtkvgs qu` cg `vfcumkýe l` cg tëmekmg l`t`rake` `e cfs rk`sofs, `e cgs a`lklgs tëmekmgs y frogekzgtkvgs, `e cfs a`lkfs l` prft`mmkýe mfc`mtkvg pgrg su mfetrfc y `e cgs pr`stgmkfe`s iuemkfegc`s l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc.
8.9 Ptkckzgmkýe y aget`ekak`etf l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc Cg utkckzgmkýe, `c gcagm`egak`etf, `c aget`ekak`etf, cg ckapk`zg, cg l`skei`mmkýe mugelf prfm`lg, y cg r`pgrgmkýe l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc l`h`rçe `i`mtugrs` l` gmu`rlf mfe cgs kestrummkfe`s l`c ighrkmget`. ]gcvf `e mgsfs pgrtkmucgr`s `xm`pmkfegc`s, cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc sýcf pflrçe utkckzgrs` pgrg cfs usfs pr`vkstfs. Cgs mfelkmkfe`s `e qu` ue `qukpf l` prft`mmkýe l`hg s`r utkckzglf, `e pgrtkmucgr, `e cf qu` s` r`ik`r` gc tk`apf lurget` `c mugc bgyg l` cc`vgrs`, s` l`t`rakegrçe `e iuemkýe l`4 - Cg orgv`lgl l`c rk`sof. - @c tk`apf f ir`mu`emkg l` `xpfskmkýe gc rk`sof. - Cgs mfelkmkfe`s l`c pu`stf l` trghgdf. - Cgs pr`stgmkfe`s l`c prfpkf `qukpf. - Cfs rk`sofs rk`sofs glkmkfegc`s l`rkvglfs l` cg prfpkg utkckzgmkýe utkckzgmkýe l`c `qukpf `qukpf qu` ef bgyge pflklf `vktgrs`. Cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc `stgrçe l`stkeglfs, `e prkemkpkf, g ue usf p`rsfegc. ]k cgs mkrmuestgemkgs `xkok`s`e cg utkckzgmkýe l` ue `qukpf pfr vgrkgs p`rsfegs, s` glfptgrçe cgs a`lklgs e`m`sgrkgs pgrg qu` `ccf ef frkoke` ekeoôe prfhc`ag l` sgcul f l` bkok`e` g cfs lki`r`et`s usugrkfs.
8.? Fhckogmkfe`s r`sp`mtf g cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc Cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc l`h`rçe utkckzgrs` mugelf cfs rk`sofs ef s` pu`lge `vktgr f ef pu`lge ckaktgrs` suikmk`et`a`et` pfr a`lkfs tëmekmfs l` prft`mmkýe mfc`mtkvg f a`lkget` a`lklgs, aëtflfs f prfm`lkak`etfs l` frogekzgmkýe l`c trghgdf.
7=>
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
G. Fhckogmkfe`s l`c `apr`sgrkf @c `apr`sgrkf l`h`rç prfpfrmkfegr g sus trghgdglfr`s `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc gl`muglfs pgrg `c l`s`ap`÷f l` sus iuemkfe`s y v`cgr pfr `c usf `i`mtkvf l` cfs aksafs mugelf, pfr cg egturgc`zg l` cfs trghgdfs r`gckzglfs, s`ge e`m`sgrkfs. @c `apr`sgrkf l`h`rç keifragr g cfs trghgdglfr`s, pr`vkga`et` gc usf l` cfs `qukpfs, l` cfs rk`sofs mfetrg cfs qu` c`s prft`o`e, gsá mfaf l` cgs gmtkvklgl`s u fmgskfe`s `e cgs qu` l`h`e utkckzgrs`. Gskaksaf, l`h`rç prfpfrmkfegrc`s kestrummkfe`s, pr`i`r`et`a`et` pfr `smrktf, sfhr` cg ifrag mfrr`mtg l` utkckzgrcfs y aget`e`rcfs. @c ageugc l` kestrummkfe`s f cg lfmua`etgmkýe keifragtkvg igmkcktglfs pfr `c ighrkmget` `stgrçe g lkspfskmkýe l` cfs trghgdglfr`s. Cg keifragmkýe g qu` qu ` s` r`ik`r`e cfs pçrrgifs get`rkfr`s l`h`rç s`r mfapr`eskhc` pgrg cfs trghgdglfr`s. @c `apr`sgrkf ogrgetkzgrç cg ifragmkýe y frogekzgrç, `e su mgsf, s`skfe`s l` `etr`egak`etf pgrg cg utkckzgmkýe l` `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc, `sp`mkgca`et` mugelf s` r`quk`rg cg utkckzgmkýe skauctçe`g l` vgrkfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc qu` pfr su `sp`mkgc mfapc`dklgl gsá cf bgog e`m`sgrkf.
H. Fhckogmkfe`s l` cfs trghgdglfr`s Cfs trghgdglfr`s, mfe grr`ocf g su ifragmkýe y skouk`elf cgs kestrummkfe`s l`c `apr`sgrkf, l`h`rçe `e pgrtkmucgr4 - Ptkckzgr y muklgr mfrr`mtga` mfrr`mtga`et` et` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc. - Mfcfmgr `c `qukpf l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc l`spuës l` su utkckzgmkýe `e `c cuogr cuogr kelkmglf pgrg pgrg `ccf. - Keifragr l` kea`lkgtf g su sup`rkfr d`rçrqukmf lkr`mtf l` mugcquk`r l`i`mtf, gefagcág f lg÷f gpr`mkglf `e `c `qukpf l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc utkckzglf qu`, g su dukmkf, pu`lg `etrg÷gr ueg përlklg l` su `ikmgmkg prft`mtfrg.
=. KE\@X KE\@X^X@\G ^X@\GMKÝE MKÝE L@ @\KWP@ @\KWP@\GLF4 \GLF4 (MÝLKOF] X [ ] ) [ ^KM\FOXGAG] @E ^XFLPM\F] L@ CKA^K@TG @c X`ocga`etf (M@) 78?8/8>>2 MC^ (Mcgskikmgmkýe, @tkqu`tglf y @evgsglf), qu` aflkikmg gc X`ocga`etf (M@) 7;>?/8>>9 X@GMB, r`pr`s` r`pr`s`etg etg cg glgptgmkýe `e cg P@ l`c ]OG, (]kst`ag Ocfhgca`et` Grafekzglf, OB] `e keocës) qu` `s ueg r`oucgmkýe gprfhglg g ekv`c auelkgc qu` vg sk`elf sfa`tklg g lkstketgs gmtugckzgmkfe`s. ]` `xpfe`e g mfetkeugmkýe cfs gsp`mtfs açs r`c`vget`s l` `st` X`ocga`etf `e r`cgmkýe mfe cg prft`mmkýe l` cg sgcul y s`ourklgl l` cfs usugrkfs l` cgs suhstgemkgs quáakmgs y sus a`zmcgs.
=.7 Gsp`mtfs hçskmfs @c X`ocga`etf MC^ `stghc`m` ue eu`vf skst`ag l` kl`etkikmgmkýe l`c rk`sof quáakmf, uekikmçelfcf g ekv`c auelkgc y gprfxkaçelfcf `e gcouefs gsp`mtfs gc qu` s` vk`e` u sgelf g ekv`c ket`regmkfegc `e `c trgespfrt` l` a`rmgemágs p`ckorfsgs. @ccf kapckmg, h çskmga`et`, cf skouk`et`4 Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7=7
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- ue eu`vf skst`ag l` mcgskikmgmkýe mcgskikmgmkýe l` cg p`ckorfsklgl l` cgs sustgemkgs y sus a`zmcgs, - `c `stghc`mkak`etf l` eu`vgs mcgs`s y mgt`ofrágs l` p`ckorf, - `c usf l` uegs pgcghrgs l` glv`rt`emkg glv`rt`emkg qu` pr`ikdge pr`ikdge `c ekv`c l` p`ckorfsklgl l` cg sustgemkg sustgemkg f a`zmcg, - cg ketrflummkýe ketrflummkýe l` eu`vfs eu`vfs pkmtforgags pkmtforgags y ueg aflkikmgmkýe aflkikmgmkýe `xmcuskvga`et` `xmcuskvga`et` ifragc l` cfs `xkst`et`s, l`sgpgr`mk`elf cg mruz l` ]ge Gelrës, - cg ikdgmkýe l` uegs kelkmgmkfe`s l` p`ckorf (B), `qukvgc`et`s, `qukvgc`et`s, `e pgrt`, pgrt`, g cgs get`rkfr`s get`rkfr`s irgs`s irgs`s X y, - cg ikdgmkýe l` uefs mfes`dfs l` prul`emkg (^), qu` sustktuy`e sustktuy`e g cgs get`rkfr`s irgs`s ]. @c r`ocga`etf MC^ tgahkëe l`tgccg `c mfet`eklf l` cg `tkqu`tg y cgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs qu` l`h`e muapckr `c `evgs` f `evgs`s, `e sus aôctkpc`s pfskhkcklgl`s.
=.8 Mcgs`s y mgt`ofrágs l` p`ckorf Cgs mcgs`s l` p`ckorf l`ike`e cg egturgc`zg l`c p`ckorf iáskmf, pgrg cg sgcul buageg f pgrg `c a`lkf gahk`et` qu` r`pr`s`etge cgs sustgemkgs f sus a`zmcgs. ]` lkvkl`e `e mgt`ofrágs (mgt`ofrágs l` p`ckorf) qu` `sp`mkikmge cg orgv`lgl l` cfs p`ckorfs l`etrf l` mglg mcgs`. Cg l`ikekmkýe l` mglg ueg l` `stgs mcgs`s, gsá mfaf cg mcgskikmgmkýe `e cgs lkstketgs mgt`ofrágs, s` `xpfe`e `e cgs E\^ 22> y 227. ^`ckorfs iáskmfs Mcgs`s
Mgt`ofrágs Mcgs`s
@xpcfskvfs
?g
\fxkmklgl goulg
8
Mfrrfskýe/krrktgmkýe mutçe`g
O gs ` s Keicgaghc`s
Cáquklfs
=
]ýcklfs
8
G`rfsfc`s 8 O gs ` s 7 Mfahur`et`s
Ogs`s g pr`skýe
7=8
^`ckorfs pgrg `c a`lkfgahk`et` Mgt`ofrágs Mcgs`s Mgt`ofrágs ^`ckorfsf pgrg `c a`lkf< 0o gahk`et` gmuçtkmf ^`ckorfsf pgrg 8l cg mgpg l` 7 fzfef
^`ckorfs pgrg cg sgcul
Cáquklfs
=
]ýcklfs
=
C`skfe`s fmucgr`s orgv`s / krrktgmkýe fmucgr ]`eskhkckzgmkýe r`spkrgtfrkg y mutçe`g Autgo`ekmklgl Mgrmkefo`ekmklgl \fxkmklgl pgrg cg r`prflummkýe y cgmtgemkg \fxkmklgl `sp`máikmg ” `xpfskmkýe ôekmg \fxkmklgl `sp`máikmg ” `xpfskmkfe`s r`p`tklgs
8 8 8` 8` =i = 8
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
X`gmmkýe `spfetçe`g Cáquklfs ^krfiýrkmfs
]ýcklfs
?m 7
^`ckorf pfr gspkrgmkýe 7
7
Mgc`etgak`etf 8 `spfetçe`f Mfe goug l`spr`el`e = ogs`s keicgaghc`s ^`rýxklfs froçekmfs ?m Mfrrrfskvfs pg Mf pgrg a` a`tgc` c`ss 7 g @xpcfskvfs ke`stghc`s y 9 lkvkskfe`s (7.7-7.9). h Mfaprkaklfs, ckmuglfs, ckmuglfs r`irko`rglfs y lksu`ctfs. m \kpfs G, H, M, L, @, I, y O. l 7(G, H y M) y 8. ` 7(G y H) y 8. i 7(G y H), 8 y `sp`máikmf cgmtgemkg. o @i`mtfs goulfs (7) y `i`mtfs mrýekmfs (<).
=.= ^gcghrgs l` glv`rt`emkg Cgs pgcghrgs l` glv`rt`emkg kelkmge `c ekv`c r`cgtkvf l` orgv`lgl l` cfs p`ckorfs pgrg gc`rtgr gc c`mtfr l` cg `xkst`emkg l` ue p`ckorf p `ckorf pft`emkgc. L`h`e ikourgr `e cg `tkqu`tg y sfe4 - ^`ckorf (Lor: lgeo`r)4 gsfmkglg g cgs mgt`ofrágs açs orgv`s - Gt`emkýe (_eo: wgrekeo)4 gsfmkglg gsfmkglg g cgs mgt`ofrágs a`efs orgv`s @stgs pgcghrgs l` glv`rt`emkg sustktuy`e g cgs get`rkfr`s kelkmgmkfe`s l` p`ckorf (@, F, I, \, Re, Rk y M). L` `stg ifrag, yg l` `etrglg, s` kelkmg `c ekv`c l` p`ckorf l` cg sustgemkg f a`zmcg kl`etkikmglg.
=.< ^kmtforgags Cfs pkmtforgags l` p`ckorf sfe mfapfskmkfe`s orçikmgs qu` mfetk`e`e ue sáahfcf e`orf sfhr` ue ifelf hcgemf, mfe ue agrmf rfdf cf suikmk`et`a`et` gembf pgrg s`r mcgrga`et` vkskhc`. \k`e`e ifrag l` muglrglf gpfyglf `e ue vërtkm` y skrv`e pgrg trgesaktkr cg keifragmkýe `sp`máikmg sfhr` `c p`ckorf `e mu`stkýe. @e cg skouk`et` tghcg s` pr`s`etge cfs pkmtforgags qu` l`h`e ikourgr `e cg `tkqu`tg s`oôe cgs mgt`ofrágs l` p`ckorf gsfmkglgs g mglg sustgemkg f a`zmcg. ^kmtforgag
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
X`i`r`emkg/ l`smrkpmkýe
^kmtforgag
X`i`r`emkg/ l`smrkpmkýe
OB]>7
OB]>9
Hfahg `xpcftgelf
Mgcgv`rg y tkhkgs mruzglgs
7==
`lktfrkgc } m`p
OB]>8
OB]>?
Ccgag
]koef l` `xmcgagmkýe
OB]>= Ccgag sfhr` ue mármucf
OB]>< Hfahfeg l` ogs
OB]>2 ^`ckorf pgrg cg sgcul
OB]>; A`lkf gahk`et`
OB]>0 Mfrrfskýe
Mglg pkmtforgag l`h`rç muhrkr gc a`efs ueg qukem`gvg pgrt` l` cg sup`rikmk` l` cg `tkqu`tg grafekzglg y cg sup`rikmk` aáekag `e ekeoôe mgsf s`rç a`efr l` 7 ma¸
=.0 Kelkmgmkfe`s l` p`ckorf Cgs kelkmgmkfe`s l` p`ckorf sfe irgs`s qu`, gskoeglgs g ueg mcgs` f mgt`ofrág l` p`ckorf, l`smrkh`e cg egturgc`zg l` cfs p`ckorfs l` ueg sustgemkg f a`zmcg p`ckorfsg, kemcuy`elf, mugelf prfm`lg, `c orglf l` p`ckorf. Cgs kelkmgmkfe`s l` p`ckorf (`qukvgc`et`s g cgs get`rkfr`s irgs`s X), ccgaglgs B (l` Bgzgrl, p`ckorf), s` gorupge s`oôe p`ckorfs iáskmfs, p`ckorfs pgrg cg sgcul buageg y p`ckorfs pgrg `c a`lkf gahk`et`.
7=<
Irgs` B8>> B8>7 B8>8
Kelkmgmkýe l` l` p` p`ckorf @xpcfskvf ke`stghc`. @xpcfskvf: p`ckorf l` `xpcfskýe `e agsg. @xpcfskvf: orgv` p`ckorf l` prfy`mmkýe.
B8>=
@xpcfskvf: p`ckorf l` kem`elkf, l` felg `xpgeskvg f l` prfy`mmkýe.
B8>< B8>0 B88> B887
^`ckorf l` kem`elkf f l` prfy`mmkýe. ^`ckorf l` `xpcfskýe `e agsg `e mgsf l` kem`elkf. Ogs `xtr`aglga`et` keicgaghc`. Ogs keicgaghc`.
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
B888 B88= B88< B880 B889 B882 B8<> B8<7 B8<8 B80> B807
B897 B8?>
G`rfsfc `xtr`aglga`et` keicgaghc`. G`rfsfc keicgaghc`. Cáquklf y vgpfr`s `xtr`aglga`et` keicgaghc`s. Cáquklf y vgpfr`s auy keicgaghc`s. Cáquklfs y vgpfr`s keicgaghc`s. ]ýcklf keicgaghc`. ^`ckorf l` `xpcfskýe `e mgsf l` mgc`etgak`etf. ^`ckorf l` kem`elkf f `xpcfskýe `e mgsf l` mgc`etgak`etf. ^`ckorf l` kem`elkf `e mgsf l` mgc`etgak`etf. ]` keicgag `spfetçe`ga`et` `e mfetgmtf mfe `c gkr`. ]` mgck`etg `spfetçe`ga`et`: pu`l` keicgagrs`. ]` mgck`etg `spfetçe`ga`et` `e orgel`s mgetklgl`s: pu` l` keicgagrs`. @e mfetgmtf mfe `c goug l`spr`el` ogs`s keicgaghc`s qu` pu`l`e keicgagrs` `spfetçe`ga`et`. @e mfetgmtf mfe `c goug l`spr`el` ogs`s keicgaghc`s. ^u`l` prfvfmgr f gorgvgr ue kem`elkf: mfahur`et`.
B8?7
^u`l` prfvfmgr ue kem`elkf f ueg `xpcfskýe: auy mfahur`et`.
B8?8
^u`l` gorgvgr ue kem`elkf: mfahur`et`.
B82>
Mfetk`e` ogs g pr`skýe: p`ckorf l` `xpcfskýe `e mgsf l` mgc`etgak`etf.
B808 B89>
B827 B8;>
Mfetk`e` ue ogs r`irko`rglf: pu`l` prfvfmgr qu`aglurgs f c`skfe`s mrkfoëekmgs. ^u`l` s`r mfrrfskvf pgrg cfs a`tgc`s. Kelkmgmkfe`s l` p`ckorfs iáskmfs
Irgs` B =>> B =>7 B =>8 B =7> B =77 B =78
Kelkmgmkýe l` p`ckorf Afrtgc `e mgsf l` keo`stkýe \ýxkmf `e `e mg mgsf l` l` ke keo`stkýe. Efmkvf `e `e mg mgsf l` l` ke keo`stkýe. ^u`l` s`r afrtgc `e mgsf l` keo`stkýe y p`e`trgmkýe `e cgs vágs r`spkrgtfrkgs. Afrtgc `e mf mfe etgmtf mfe cg pk` k`cc. \ýxkm kmf f `e mf mfe etgmtf mfe cg pk`c `c.. Efmkv kvf f `e mfet etggmt mtf f mf mfe e cg pk`c.
B=7< B= 7<
^rfv ^r fvfmg fmg qu qu`ag `aglu lurg rgss org orgv`s v`s `e cg pk pk`c `c y c`sk c`skfe fe`s `s fm fmucg ucgr` r`ss org orgv`s v`s..
B =70 B=7? B= 7? B =72 B =7; B ==> B ==7 B ==8
^rfvfmg kr krrktgmkýe mu mutçe`g. ^u`l ^u `l`` prf prfvf vfmg mgrr ue uegg r`g r`gmm mmký kýe e gcë gcëro rokm kmgg `e cg pk pk`c `c.. ^rfvfmg c`skf kfe e`s fm fmucg cgrr`s orgv gv``s. ^rfvfmg krrktgmk mký ýe fm fmuc ucggr or orgv`. Afrtgc `e `e mg mgsf l` l` ke kebgcgmkýe. \ýxkmf `e `e mg mgsf l` l` ke kebgcgmkýe. Efmkvf `e `e mg mgsf l` l` ke kebgcgmkýe.
B=><
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7=0
`lktfrkgc } m`p
^u`l` prfvfmgr sáetfags l` gc`rokg f gsag f lkikmuctgl`s r`spkrgtfrkgs `e mgsf l` kebgcgmkýe. B==0 B= =0 ^u`l ^u `l`` krkrrk rktg tgrr cg cgss vá vágs gs r`s `sp pkr krgt gtfr frkg kgs. s. B==9 B= =9 ^u`l ^u `l`` pr prfv fvfm fmgr gr sf sfae aef fc` c`em emkg kg f vër vërtk tkof of.. B=<> B= <> ^u`l ^u `l`` pr prfv fvfm fmgr gr l` l`i` i`mt mtfs fs o` o`eë eëtk tkmf mfss (7) (7) . B=<7 B= <7 ]` sf sfsp sp`m `mbg bg qu qu`` prf prfvf vfmg mg l` l`i` i`mt mtfs fs o` o`eë eëtk tkmf mfss (7 (7).). B =0> ^u`l` prfvfmgr mçem`r (7). B =07 ]` sf sfsp`m `mb bg qu qu` pr prfvf vfmmg mç mçem em``r (7 (7). B=9> B= 9> ^u`l ^u `l`` p`r p`rdu dulk lkmg mgrr cg cg i`r i`rtk tkckcklg lgl l f lg÷ lg÷gr gr gc i` i`tf tf (7 (7)( )(8) 8).. B=97 B= 97 ]` sf sfsp sp`mb `mbgg qu` qu` p` p`rd rdul ulkmg kmg cg i`r i`rtkc tkckl klgl gl f lg÷ lg÷gg gc gc i`t i`tf f (7) (7)(8 (8).). B=98 B= 98 ^u`l ^u `l`` p`rd p`rdul ulkm kmgr gr g cfs cfs ek÷ ek÷fs fs gck gcka` a`et etgl glfs fs mfe mfe c`m c`mb` b` agt agt`r `reg eg.. B=?> B= ?> ^rfv ^r fvfm fmgg lg÷ g÷fs fs `e cf cfss ýro roge gefs fs (7 (7)( )(=) =).. B=?7 B= ?7 ^u`l ^u `l`` pr prfv fvfm fmgr gr lg lg÷f ÷fss `e `e cfs cfs ýr ýrog ogef efss (7 (7)( )(==). ^rfvfmg lg÷fs `e cfs ýrogefs (=) trgs `xpfskmkfe`s prfcfeoglgs f B=?8 r`p`tklgs (7). ^u`l` prfvfmgr lg÷fs `e cfs ýrogefs (=) trgs `xpfskmkfe`s B=?= prfcfeoglgs f r`p`tklgs (7). Keláqu`s` cg vág l` `xpfskmkýe sk s` bg l`afstrglf mfemcuy`et`- a`et` qu` `c p`ckorf ef s` prflum` pfr ekeoueg ftrg vág. B==<
Keláqu`s` `c `i`mtf `sp`máikmf sk s` mfefm`. Keláqu`es` tflfs cfs ýrogefs gi`mtglfs, sk s` mfefm`e. Kelkmgmkfe`s l` p`ckorf pgrg cg sgcul buageg
Irgs` B<>> B< >> B<7> B<77 B<77 B<78 B< 78 B<7=
Kelkmgmkýe l` p`ckorf Auyy tý Au týxk xkmf mf pgr grgg cf cfss fr frog ogek eksa safs fs gm gmuç uçtk tkmf mfs. s. Auy týxkmf pgrg cfs frogeksafs gmuçtkmfs, mfe `i`mtfs ef mkvfs lurgl`rfs. \ýxk \ý xkmf mf pg pgrg rg cfs fr frog ogek eksa safs fs gm gmuçt uçtkmf kmfs, s, mfe `i` `i`mt mtfs fs ef efmkv mkvfs fs lu lurg rgl` l`rf rfs. s. Efmkv Ef mkvff pgr pgrgg cfs cfs fr frog ogeks eksaf afss gmu gmuçt çtkmf kmfs, s, mf mfe e `i`m `i`mtf tfss efm efmkvf kvfss lu lurg rgl` l`rf rfs. s. ^u`l` s`r efmkvf pgrg cfs frogeksafs gmuçtkmfs, mfe `i`mtfs efmkvfs lurgl`rfs. Kelkmgmkfe`s l` p`ckorf pgrg `c a`lkf gahk`et`
@e `c X`ocga`etf MC^ s` bge kemcuklf, gl`açs, uegs kelkmgmkfe`s l` p`ckorf –supc`a`etgrkgs‑ pgrg muhrkr mk`rtfs tkpfs l` p`ckorfs ef mfet`apcglfs `e cgs kelkmgmkfe`s prfv`ek`et`s l`c ]OG. L`cget` l` cg B mfrr`spfelk`et`, cc`vge cgs skocgs @P. \gahkëe kemcuy` uefs `c`a`etfs supc`a`etgrkfs f l` keifragmkýe qu` l`h`e ikourgr `e cgs `tkqu`tgs l` l`t`rakeglgs a`zmcgs, gsá mfaf ueg r`ocg pgrtkmucgr pgrg `c `tkqu`tglf l` prflumtfs iktfsgektgrkfs. iktfsgektgrkfs. Irgs` @PB @P B >>7 >>7 @PB >>9 @PB @P B >7< >7< @PB >72
7=9
Kelkmgmkýe l` l` p` p`ckorf @xpc @x pcfs fskvf kvf `e `s `stg tglf lf s`m s`mf. f. @xpcfs @xp cfskvf kvf `e mfetg mfetgmtf mtf f ske ske mfetgm mfetgmtf tf mfe mfe `c `c gkr`. gkr`. X`gm X` gmmkf mkfeg eg vkfc vkfc`et `etga ga`et `et`` mfe mfe `c goug. goug. Gc usgrcf pu`l`e ifragrs` a`zmcgs gkr`-vgpfr `xpcfskvgs f keicgaghc`s.
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
@PB >7; @PB >7; @PB ><< ><< @PB >8; @PB >=7 @PB >=8 @PB >99 @PB >?> @PB >?> @PB >?7 @PB @P B >0; >0;
^u`l` ifra ^u`l` ifragr gr p`r p`rýx ýxkl klfs fs `xpc `xpcfs fskvf kvfs. s. Xk`sof Xk`s of l` l` `xpcfsk `xpcfskýe ýe gc mgc`et mgc`etgrc grcf f `e gahk`e gahk`et` t` mfeike mfeikeglf glf.. @e mfet mfetgmtf gmtf mfe gou gougg ckh`r ckh`rgg ogs`s ogs`s týx týxkmfs kmfs.. @e mfet mfetgmtf gmtf mfe çmkl çmklfs fs ckh`r ckh`rgg ogs`s ogs`s týx týxkmfs kmfs.. @e mfet mfetgmtf gmtf mfe çmkl çmklfs fs ckh`r ckh`rgg ogs`s ogs`s auy týx týxkmf kmfs. s. Cg `xpfskmkýe r`p`tklg pu`l` prfvfmgr s`qu`lgl f ifragmkýe l` ork`tgs `e cg pk`c. \ýxk \ý xkmf mf `e `e mfet mfetgmt gmtf f mfe mfe cfs cfs fdfs fdfs.. Mfrrfs Mfr rfskvf kvf pgr pgrgg cgs cgs vágs r`s r`spkr pkrgtf gtfrkg rkgs. s. ^`cko ^`c korf rfsf sf pg pgrg rg cg mgp mgpgg l` l` fzfe fzfef. f.
Keifragmkýe supc`a`etgrkg sfhr` cfs p`ckorfs. ^rfpk`lgl`s iáskmgs y r`cgmkfeglgs mfe `i`mtfs sfhr` `c a`lkf gahk`et`
Irgs`
Kelkmgmkýe l` p`ckorf Mfetk`e` pcfaf. Ef utkckzgr `e fhd`tfs qu` cfs ek÷fs pu`lge @PB 8>7/ 8>7G agstkmgr f mbupgr./Gt`emkýe! Mfetk`e` pcfaf. Mkgefgmrkcgtf. ^`ckorf. ]` glbk`r` g cg pk`c y g cfs fdfs `e pfmfs @PB 8>8 s`ouelfs. Aget`e`r iu`rg l`c gcmgem` l` cfs ek÷fs. @PB @P B 8>= 8>= Mfet Mf etk` k`e` e` mr mrfa faf f (YK (YK)). ^u` ^u`l l` pr prfv fvfm fmgr gr ue uegg r`g r`gmm mmký kýe e gcë gcërrok okmg mg.. @PB @P B 8>< 8>< Mfet Mf etk` k`e` e` ks ksfm fmkg kgeg egtf tfs. s. ^u ^u`l `l`` pr prfv fvfm fmgr gr ue uegg r`g r`gmm mmký kýe e gcë gcërrok okmg mg.. Mfetk`e` mfapfe`et`s `pfxálkmfs. ^u`l` prfvfmgr ueg @PB 8>0 r`gmmkýe gcërokmg. ¡Gt`emkýe! Ef utkckzgr duetf mfe ftrfs prflumtfs. ^u`l` @PB 8>9 l`spr`el`r ogs`s p`ckorfsfs (mcfrf). ¡Gt`emkýe! Mfetk`e` mglakf. Lurget` su utkckzgmkýe s` @PB 8>? l`spr`el`e vgpfr`s p`ckorfsfs. Y`r cg keifragmkýe ig mkcktglg pfr `c ighrkmget`. ]`oukr cgs kestrummkfe`s l` s`ourklgl. Mfetk`e` 3efahr` l` cg sustgemkg s`eskhkckzget`5. ^u` l` @PB 8>2 prfvfmgr ueg r`gmmkýe gcërokmg. ^u`l` keicgagrs` içmkca`et` gc usgrcf/^u`l` keicgagrs` gc @PB 8>;/ 8>;G usgrcf. @PB @P B 87> 87>** ^u`l ^u `l`` sfc sfckm kmkt ktgr grs` s` cg ik ikmb mbgg l` l` lgt lgtfs fs l` s`o s`our urkl klgl gl.. ]ke p`rdukmkf l` cg keifragmkýe r`qu`rklg `e cg Lkr`mtkvg ;7/<7 M@@, `e cgs `tkqu`tgs l` cfs prflumtfs iktfsg ektgrkfs @PB <>7 ikourgrç cg irgs`4 G ike l` `vktgr rk`sofs pgrg cgs p`rsfegs y `c a`lkf gahk`et`, skog cgs kestrummkfe`s l` usf. * ^grg a`zmcgs ef l`stkeglgs gc pôhckmf `e o`e`rgc y ef mcgskikmglgs mfaf p`ckorfsgs, p`rf qu` mfetk`e`e4 ≠ >,7 % l` ueg sustgemkg mcgskikmglg mfaf
s`eskhkckzget` f mgrmkefoëekmg l` mgt`ofrág 8: f týxkmg pgrg cg r`prflummkýe, f mfe `i`mtfs sfhr` cg cgmtgemkg f g trgvës l` `ccg: f ueg sustgemkg `e ueg mfem`etrgmkýe kelkvklugc l` ≠ 7 % `e p`sf f ≠ >,8 % `e vfcua`e (a`zmcgs
ogs`fsgs) mcgskikmglg pfr ftrfs p`ckorfs pgrg cg sgcul buageg f `c a`lkf gahk`et` f pgrg cg qu` `xkstge cáakt`s l` `x pfskmkýe prfi`skfegc l` çahktf mfauektgrkf `e `c cuogr l` trghgdf. @c`a`etfs supc`a`etgrkfs f keifragmkýe qu` l`h`e ikourgr `e cgs `tkqu`tgs l` a`zmcgs mfet`ek`elf gcouegs sustgemkgs mfemr`tgs y pgrg iktfsgektgrkfs
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7=?
`lktfrkgc } m`p
Ikegca`et`, pgrg gcouegs kelkmgmkfe`s l` p`ckorf s` g÷gl`e c`trgs gc mýlkof l` tr`s mkirgs, usçelfs` cfs mýlkofs glkmkfegc`s qu` s` pr`s`etge g mfetkeugmkýe. Irgs` B=0> B= 0>kk B=9> B= 9>II B =9>L B=97 B= 97ii B =97l B=9>IL B=9 >IL B=97il B=9>Il B=9>Il B=9>Li B=9 >Li
Kelkmgmkýe l` p`ckorf ^u` u`l` l` prf rfvf vfmg mgrr mç mçem em`r `r pfr ke kebg bgcg cgmk mkýe ýe.. ^u` u`l` l` p`r `rdu dulk lkmg mgrr g cg i` i`rrtk tkckcklg lgl. l. ^u`l` lg lg÷gr gc gc i` i`tf. ]` sf sfssp` p`mb mbgg qu` qu` p`r `rdu dulk lkmg mg g cg cg i`r i`rtk tkckckl lgl gl.. ]` sf sfsp`mb mbgg qu` qu` lg÷ g÷gg gc gc i`t i`tf f. ^u`l` ^u` l` p`r p`rdulk dulkmgr mgr g cg cg i`rt i`rtkckl kcklgl. gl. ^u` ^u`l` l` lg÷ lg÷gr gr gc i`tf i`tf.. ]` sfsp`mbg qu` p`rdulkmg g cg i`rtkcklgl. ]` sfsp`mbg qu` lg÷g gc i`tf. ^u`l` ^u` l` p`rdu p`rdulkm lkmgr gr g cg i`rt i`rtkckl kcklgl. gl. ]` sfsp sfsp`mbg `mbg qu` lg÷ lg÷gg gc i`tf i`tf.. ^u`l` ^u` l` lg÷ lg÷gr gr gc i`tf i`tf.. ]` ]` sfsp sfsp`mbg `mbg qu` p`r p`rdul dulkmg kmg g cg cg i`rt i`rtkckl kcklgl. gl. Mýlkofs glkmkfegc`s l` cgs kelkmgmkfe`s l` p`ckorf
]k cgs mcgs`s l` p`ckorf g kelkmgr sfe vgrkgs, `e cg `tkqu`tg ikourgrçe tflgs cgs kelkmgmkfe`s l` p`ckorf r`suctget`s l` cg mcgskikmgmkýe, sgcvf `e mgsf l` lupckmgmkýe f sfcgpgak`etf `vkl`et`s.
<. ]@×GCKT ]@×GCKTGMKÝE GMKÝE L@ GLY@X\ GLY@X\@EMKG @EMKG @E O@E@XGC <.7 Cgs s`÷gc`s l` s`ourklgl G. ]`÷gc l` prfbkhkmkýe Peg s`÷gc qu` prfbáh` ue mfapfrtgak`etf susm`ptkhc` susm`ptkhc` l` prfvfmgr ue p`ckorf.
7=2
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
H. ]`÷gc l` glv`rt`emkg f p`ckorf Peg s`÷gc qu` glvk`rt` l` ue rk`sof f p`ckorf.
M. ]`÷gc l` fhckogmkýe Peg s`÷gc qu` fhckog g ue mfapfrtgak`etf l`t`rakeglf.
L. ]`÷gc l` sgcvga`e sgcvga`etf tf f l` sfmfrrf Peg s`÷gc qu` prfpfrmkfeg kelkmgmkfe`s r`cgtkvgs g cgs sgcklgs l` sfmfrrf, g cfs prka`rfs guxkckfs f g cfs lkspfsktkvfs l` sgcvga`etf.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7=;
`lktfrkgc } m`p
<.8 Cgs s`÷gc`s `e ifrag l` pge`c Peg s`÷gc qu`, pfr cg mfahkegmkýe l` ueg ifrag o`faëtrkmg, l` mfcfr`s y l` ue sáahfcf f pkmtforgag, prfpfrmkfeg ueg l`t`rakeglg keifragmkýe, muyg vkskhkcklgl `stç gs`ourglg pfr ueg kcuakegmkýe l` suikmk`et` ket`esklgl.
G. Mfcfr l` s`ourklgl Pe mfcfr gc qu` s` gtrkhuy` ueg skoekikmgmkýe l`t`rakeglg `e r`cgmkýe mfe cg s`ourklgl y sgcul `e `c trghgdf.
H. ]áahfcf ]á ahfcf f pkmtforgag Peg kago`e qu` l`smrkh` ueg sktugmkýe u fhckog g ue mfapfrtgak`etf l`t`rakeglf, utkckzglg sfhr` ueg s`÷gc `e ifrag l` pge`c f sfhr` ueg sup`rikmk` cuakefsg.
M. ]`÷gc cuakefsg Peg s`÷gc `aktklg pfr a`lkf l` ue lkspfsktkvf ifraglf pfr agt`rkgc`s trgespgr`et`s f trgescômklfs, kcuakeglfs l`sl` gtrçs f l`sl` `c ket`rkfr, l` tgc age`rg qu` gpgr`zmg pfr sá aksag mfaf ueg sup`rikmk` cuakefsg.
L. ]`÷gc gmôstkm gmôstkmgg Peg s`÷gc sfefrg mflkikmglg, `aktklg y lkiuelklg pfr a`lkf l` ue lkspfsktkvf gprfpkglf, ske ket`rv`emkýe l` vfz buageg f sketëtkmg.
@. Mfauekmgmkýe v`rhgc Pe a`esgd` v`rhgc pr`l`t`rakeglf, `e `c qu` s` utkckzg vfz buageg f sketëtkmg.
7<>
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
I. ]`÷gc o`stugc Pe afvkak`etf f lkspfskmkýe l` cfs hrgzfs f l` cgs agefs `e ifrag mflkikmglg pgrg oukgr g cgs p`rsfegs qu` `stëe r`gckzgelf agekfhrgs qu` mfestktuyge ue rk`sof f p`ckorf pgrg cfs trghgdglfr`s.
<.= ]`÷gc`s l` glv`rt`emkg f p`ckorf bfafcfoglgs `e cfs cuogr`s l` trghgdf - Agt`rkgs keicgaghc`s - Agt`rkgs `xpcfskvgs - Agt`rkgs týxkmgs - Agt`rkgs mfrrfskvgs - Agt`rkgs rglkfgmtkvgs - Mgrogs susp`elklgs - Y`bámucfs l` ageut`emkýe - Xk`sof `cëmtrkmf - ^`ckorf `e o`e`rgc - Xglkgmkfe`s cçs`r - Agt`rkgs mfahur`et`s - Xglkgmkfe`s ef kfekzglgs - Mgapf agoeëtkmf ket`ref - Xk`sof l` trfp`zgr - Mgálg g lkstketf ekv`c - Xk`sof hkfcýokmf - Hgdg t`ap`rgturg - Agt`rkgs efmkvgs f krrktget`s.
<.< X`mfa`elgmkfe`s l` s`÷gckzgmkýe G mfetkeugmkýe, s` pr`s`etge cgs r`mfa`elgmkfe`s `e agt`rkg l` s`÷gckzgmkýe4 - Cg s`÷gckzgmkýe s`÷gckzgmkýe l` s`ourklgl s`ourklgl mfapc`a`etg, mfapc`a`etg, p`rf euemg sustktuy` sustktuy` g cgs a`lklgs tëmekmgs tëmekmgs y frogekzgtkvgs l` pr`v`emkýe. - Gpckmgr, `e cfs çahktfs l` trghgdf `e cfs qu` `xkstge p`ckorfs qu` ef bge pflklf pflklf s`r `ckakeglfs, `ckakeglfs, cgs s`÷gc`s l` prfbkhkmkfe`s, glv`rt`emkgs l` p`ckorf, fhckogmkfe`s g s`oukr y l`açs keifragmkfe`s qu` s`ge e`m`sgrkgs. - Gs`ourgrs` l` qu` cgs s`÷gc`s s`÷gc`s l` s`ourklgl utkckzglgs s`ge s`ge efragckzglgs. efragckzglgs.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7<7
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- Cgs s`÷gc`s `stgrçe cfmgckzglgs `strgtëokmga`et `strgtëokmga`et`` `e cuogr`s cuogr`s vkskhc`s, `e cfs gmm`sfs y `e cfs prfpkfs çahktfs l` trghgdf, l` tgc ifrag qu` `c p`rsfegc p`rmkhg mcgrga`et` tflg cg keifragmkýe mfet`eklg `e cg prfpkg s`÷gckzgmkýe. - Cgs s`÷gc`s s`÷gc`s s`rçe s`rçe l` tgag÷f y lka`eskfe`s tgc`s tgc`s qu` p`raktge su su mcgrg vkskhkcklgl l`sl` `c puetf açs c`dgef l`sl` `c qu` l`hge s`r fhs`rvglgs. - Cgs vágs l` mkrmucgmkýe, gsá mfaf cfs çahktfs iáskmfs `e qu` `s `s e`m`sgrkf e`m`sgrkf `vktgr ket`ri`r`emkgs, mfaf cfs gcagm`egak`etfs ket`ra`lkfs, `c gpgrmgak`etf l` `qukpfs l` `c`vgmkýe y trgespfrt`, cfs a`lkfs l` `xtkemkýe l` kem`elkfs y cgs sgcklgs l` `vgmugmkýe, `stgrçe hk`e l`ckaktglfs y s`÷gckzglfs. - Cgs tuh`rágs tuh`rágs pfr cgs qu` mkrmucge icuklfs p`ckorfsfs `stgrçe kl`etkikmglgs kl`etkikmglgs y s`÷gckzglgs, `sp``sp`mkgca`et` `e cgs vçcvucgs y puetfs l` r`oucgmkýe y mfetrfc g ike l` `vktgr pfskhc`s `rrfr`s f mfeiuskfe`s. - Cgs gcgrags y `e o`e`rgc o`e`rgc cgs s`÷gc`s s`÷gc`s gmôstkmgs gmôstkmgs s`rçe mcgrga`et` p`rmkhklgs p`rmkhklgs pfr `c `c p`rsfegc qu` l`hg gmtugr get` cgs aksags l`sl` su cuogr bghktugc u fmgskfegc l` trghgdf. - Gs`ourgrs` l` qu` `c p`rsfegc s` mfauekmg mfauekmg o`stugca`et` s`oôe mýlkofs efragckzglfs, mugelf pr`mksg r`murrkr g `st` tkpf l` s`÷gckzgmkýe, `sp`mkgca`et` `e cg `c`vgmkýe y `c trgespfrt` l` mgrogs. - \flf `c p`rsfegc gi`mtglf gi`mtglf pfr cg s`÷gckzgmkýe l` s`ourklgl `stgrç `stgrç l`hklga`et` keifraglf l` su skoekikmglf y l` cgs gmtugmkfe`s g s`oukr qu` su gpckmgmkýe mfapfrtg. - \flg prfbkhkmkýe u fhckogmkýe g s`oukr `e `c cuogr l` trghgdf, qu` `stë s`÷gckzglg, l`h` `stgr r`ir`elglg pfr ueg efrag f lfmua`etgmkýe `smrktg g lkspfskmkýe l` tflfs cfs trghgdglfr`s gi`mtglfs. - Cfs trghgdglfr`s f sus r`pr`s`etget`s r`pr`s`etget`s l`h`rçe l`h`rçe s`r mfesuctglfs y pgrtkmkpgr tgetf `e `c prfm`sf l` s`c`mmkýe mfaf `e `c l` kapcgetgmkýe l` cg s`÷gckzgmkýe l` s`ourklgl. - Cg s`÷gckzgmkýe l` `a`ro`emkg ogrgetkzgrç cg keifragmkýe l` gmm`sf g cuogr`s s`ourfs guequ` s` prfluzmg `c mfrt` l`c suakekstrf `cëmtrkmf. - Gpckmgr cgs s`÷gc`s l` trçikmf efragckzglgs efragckzglgs sk`apr` qu` s`g e`m`sgrkf e`m`sgrkf gs`ourgr gs`ourgr cg mfrr`mtg mfrr`mtg mkrmucgmkýe l` v`bámucfs y p`rsfegs. X`gckzgr cgs gmmkfe`s keifragtkvgs y ifragtkvgs e`m`sgrkgs.
0. XK@]OF] G]FMKGLF] G CG AGEK^P AGEK^PCGMKÝE CGMKÝE L@ ^XFLPM\F] ^XFLPM\F ] L@ CKA^K@ CKA^K@TG TG [ AGWPKEGXKG ^XF^KG L@ CG MFMKEG 0.7 Xk`sofs pfr agekpucgmkýe l` prflumtfs prflumtfs l` ckapk`zg ckapk`zg Cg ckapk`zg s` r`ik`r` g tflg gmtkvklgl qu` mfetrkhuyg g aget`e`r `c gs`f y gsp`mtf iáskmf o`e`rgc. \k`e` mfaf fhd`tkvf cg r`lummkýe l`c eôa`rf l` akmrffrogeksafs qu` `stëe pr`s`et`s `e `c sktkf (r`lumk`elf gsá `c rk`sof l` kei`mmkfe`s y gmmkl`et`s), gl`açs l` ue `spgmkf gorglghc` `e lfel` trghgdgr.
7<8
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
Cg gmtkvklgl l`c p`rsfegc qu` r`gckm` cg ckapk`zg mfapr`el` tflgs gqu`ccgs tgr`gs qu` tk`el`e g aget`e`r `e mfelkmkfe`s bkokëekmgs gl`muglgs cfs lki`r`et`s cuogr`s l` trghgdf. ^grg `ccf s` utkckzge lki`r`et`s `qukpfs l` trghgdf y prflumtfs quáakmfs qu` pu`l`e cc`ogr g s`r auy p`ckorfsfs pgrg cg sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s sk ef s` tfage cgs a`lklgs pr`v`etkvgs gl`muglgs. Cg sgcul `s `c `stglf l` hk`e`stgr y l` `qukckhrkf p`rsfegc, iáskmf, a`etgc y sfmkgc. Cg `ei`ra`lgl `s cg përlklg l` lkmbf hk`e`stgr.
Cgs mfes`mu`emkgs l`rkvglgs l` cg igctg l` pr`v`emkýe sfe cfs kemkl`et`s, cfs gmmkl`et`s y cgs `ei`ra`lgl`s prfi`skfegc`s. - Kemkl`et`4 s` trgtg l` ue sum`sf qu` ef bg prflumklf përlklgs p`rf qu`, hgdf mkrmuestgemkgs mkrmuestgemkgs lki`r`et`s, pflrág bgh`r lglf cuogr g ue gmmkl`et`. ]k ef s` mfetrfcge mfev`ek`et`a`et` cfs kemkl`et`s, ëstfs gmghge l`rkvgelf g a`eulf `e gmmkl`et`s. - Gmmkl`et` l` \rghgdf4 s` s` `etk`el` mfaf tgc –cg c`skýe mfrpfrgc mfrpfrgc qu` `c trghgdglfr suirg mfe fmgskýe f pfr mfes`mu`emkg l`c trghgdf qu` `d`mut` pfr mu`etg gd`eg‑. - @ei`ra`lgl ^rfi`skfegc4 ^rfi`skfegc4 c`skýe qu` kapkl` `c `d`rmkmkf efragc l` cg prfi`skýe prfi`skýe y qu` s` mgrgmt`rkzg pfr pr`s`etgr ueg `vfcumkýe c`etg y prfor`skvg. @c p`rsfegc l` ckapk`zg, `e cg r`gckzgmkýe l` su trghgdf, `stç `xpu`stf g cg pfskhkcklgl l` suirkr lg÷fs (rk`sofs prfi`skfegc`s)4 - Iáskmfs4 mgálgs, ofcp`s. B`rklgs y qu`aglurgs. Iu`of. @c`mtrkmklgl. Agqukegrkg. - Wuáakmfs4 utkckzgmkýe l` prflumtfs quáakmfs. Ketfxkmgmkfe`s. Wu`aglurgs. - Hkfcýokmfs4 tëtgefs, b`pgtktks, `tm. Cfs prkemkpgc`s go`et`s hkfcýokmfs sfe cfs akmrfhkfs, vkrus y pgrçsktfs. Cg prft`mmkýe get` cfs aksafs pgsg pfr aget`e`r uegs hu`egs mfelkmkfe`s bkokëekmgs `e cfs `stghc`mkak`etfs, `apc`gr cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe gl`muglfs, prft`o`r hk`e cgs b`rklgs, `tm. @c p`rsfegc l` ckapk`zg, `e `c l`sgrrfccf l` su gmtkvklgl, suir` ir`mu`et`s gmmkl`et`s, tgc`s mfaf mgálgs, b`rklgs, ofcp`s, `tm. ^grg `vktgrcfs bge l` r`gckzgr su trghgdf mfe l`t`rakeglgs pr`mgumkfe`s, gsá mfaf s`oukr ue frl`e `e su r`gckzgmkýe. ^grg `ccf s` l`h`rç mfefm`r p`ri`mtga`et` p`ri`mtga`et` `c trghgdf qu` s` r`gckzg pfek`elf `sp`mkgc gt`emkýe `e tflfs y mglg uef l` cfs afa`etfs `e qu` s` `i`mtôge cgs lki`r`et`s gmtkvklgl`s. @xkst`e lkv`rsfs igmtfr`s qu` pu`l`e s`r mgusg l` gmmkl`et`: `etr` `ccfs pfl`afs l`stgmgr iu`of, `c`mtrkmklgl y go`et`s quáakmfs.
G. @c iu`of ^grg qu` s` prfluzmg ue iu`of `s e`m`sgrkf qu` s` l`e ueg s`rk` l` mkrmuestgemkgs4 agt`rkgc mfahustkhc` (sýcklfs, cáquklfs, ogs`s, a`tgc`s...), ue mgrhurget` (fxáo`ef) y mgcfr. @c p`rsfegc l` ckapk`zg, `e cg r`gckzgmkýe l` su trghgdf, tfagrç cgs pr`mgumkfe`s `e cg utkckzgmkýe l` cfs prflumtfs. ^fl`afs s`÷gcgr mfaf gmtugmkfe`s pr`v`etkvgs4 - @ckakegr ir`mu`et`a`et` cgs hgsurgs. - Cfs gcagm`e`s bge l` `stgr frl`eglfs `e pgskccfs pgskccfs s`÷gckzglfs.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7<=
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- Cgs hft`ccgs keicgaghc`s bge l` `stgr sktuglgs `e cuogr`s s`ourfs gd`efs gc sfc sfc y gc mgcfr. Mglg v`z qu` l`d`e l` utkckzgrs` s` bg l` m`rrgr cgs vçcvucgs l` sgcklg, f tgpfegrcgs pgrg `vktgr qu` pu`lg prflumkrs` gcoôe `smgp`: `e mgsf l` prflumkrs`, hgdf ekeoôe mfem`ptf, s` bg l` `apc`gr ccgag qu` v`rkikqu` cg `xkst`emkg l`c aksaf. - @stgrç prfbkhklf iuagr `e gcagm`e`s, cgvgel`rágs, `tm. - Cfs mkogrrfs mkogrrfs `em`elklfs `em`elklfs y m`rkccgs bge l` gpgogrs` tftgca`et` y ef l`h`e tkrgrs` g cg pgp`c`rg. - Bg l` t`e`rs` t`e`rs` muklglf muklglf mfe cgs sup`rikmk`s mgck`et`s, yg s`g mfmkegs, hrgs`rfs, hrgs`rfs, `stuigs, `stuigs, `tm. `tm. @e mgsf l` prflumkrs` ue kem`elkf gmulkr`afs gc `xtketfr açs prýxkaf, s` quktgrç `c pr`mketf, s` lkrkokrç `c mbfrrf g cg hgs` l`c kem`elkf afvkëelfcf `e zko-zgo: sk s` gmghgs` s` bg l` t`e`r ftrf m`rmgef pgrg su usf. @e `c cfmgc l` cg `apr`sg s` pflrç `emfetrgr ue gragrkf l` mrkstgc `e `c qu` s` bgcc` ueg ageou`rg: `e mgsf l` kem`elkf, s` rfap`rç `c mrkstgc, s` l`s`erfccgrç qu`lgelf tftgca`et` l`spc`oglg cg ageou`rg, y g mfetkeugmkýe s` ghrkrç cg ccgv` qu` p`raktg cg sgcklg l`c goug, lkrkok`elf `c mbfrrf bgmkg `c iu`of: gpgoglf `c iu`of, `s r`mfa`elghc` pucv`rkzgr cgs zfegs açs prýxkags gc kem`elkf mfe `c ike l` qu` pu`lg r`surokr l` eu`vf. @c rk`sof l` kem`elkf `s l` cfs açs orgv`s, l`hklf g cg `c`vglg mfem`etrgmkýe l` p`rsfegs `e cfs `stghc`mkak`etfs, aumbgs l` cgs mugc`s sfe mck`et`s `spfrçlkmfs qu` l`smfefm`e cfs a`lkfs l` prft`mmkýe y `vgmugmkýe `xkst`et`s. ^fr tflf `ccf, cfs trghgdglfr`s ef sfcga`et` l`h`e mfefm`r cgs efrags hçskmgs l` gmtugmkýe g cg bfrg l` ue kem`elkf, skef tgahkëe mýaf gyulgr g cgs l`açs p`rsfegs pr`s`et`s `e `c `stghc`mkak`etf `e mgsf l` qu` fmurrg `stg `v`etugcklgl. @e r`sua`e, sk g p`sgr l` glfptgr cgs a`lklgs l` pr`mgumkýe, s` prflum` ue kem`elkf4 - @vkt` `c pçekmf. Gmtô` mfe mgcag p`rf mfe l`mkskýe. - ]kog cgs efrags l` gmtugmkýe y `vgmugmkýe pr`vkstgs pr`vkstgs pgrg pgrg `st` tkpf l` mkrmuestgemkgs. - @vgmu` g cfs mck`et`s. - Gvks` gc r`spfesghc` r`spfesghc` l`c `stghc`mkak`etf y g cfs hfah`rfs. - \rgt` l` sfifmgr `c `c iu`of (sk `s mfetrfcghc`) mfetrfcghc`) mfe cfs a`lkfs g su gcmgem`. gcmgem`. ]k mfak`ezg g s`r kemfetrfcghc`, l`d` `stg tgr`g g cgs iu`rzgs l` s`ourklgl.
H. Cg `c`mtrkmk `c`mtrkmklgl lgl ]k hk`e cg `c`mtrkmklgl `e `c l`s`ap`÷f l` cgs iuemkfe`s l` ckapk`zg `s auy ôtkc, s` bg l` l`mkr qu` `s tgahkëe auy p`ckorfsg g p`sgr l` su gpgrk`emkg kefi`eskvg y su mfetkeug utkckzgmkýe, yg qu` pu`l` prflumkr l`sl` ue skapc` mfsqukcc`f bgstg cg au`rt`. @c pgsf l` cg mfrrk`et` `cëmtrkmg gc mu`rpf buagef pu`l` s`r mgusg l` ue igccf l` cg mfrrk`et` `cëmtrkmg, l` cg agqukegrkg f pfrqu` s` bg `mbglf goug, gmmkl`etgca`et`, sfhr` `c t`elklf `cëmtrkmf. @s r`mfa`elghc` afstrgr mgut`cg `e cg utkckzgmkýe lkgrkg l` cg `c`mtrkmklgl, yg qu` tflfs cfs mghc`s l` ue gpgrgtf `cëmtrkmf `em`elklf cc`vge mfrrk`et` `cëmtrkmg. Gsá sk `stgafs agekpucgelf mghc`s f gpgrgtfs `cëmtrkmfs, cf prka`rf qu` l`h`afs bgm`r `s l`smfe`mtgrcf l` cg mfrrk`et`. Cgs agefs l` cfs qu` cf agekpuc`e bge l` `stgr mfapc`tga`et` s`mgs, y l`h`e kr prfvkstfs l` mgczglf.
7<<
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
Cgs b`rrgak`etgs qu` s` utkckm`e bge l` `stgr gkscglgs, lglf qu` cg agyfrág sfe l` a`tgc: `c ageof l` cgs aksags bg l` `stgr r`muhk`rtf pfr ue prft`mtfr, l` age`rg qu` cgs agefs ef `stëe `e mfetgmtf mfe cg b`rrgak`etg. @s r`mfa`elghc` ueg r`vkskýe p`rkýlkmg l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s `cëmtrkmgs l`c cfmgc pgrg mfaprfhgr qu` `stçe `e hu`e `stglf y ef bgy ekeoôe l`sp`ri`mtf, `e mgsf mfetrgrkf s` l`h`rç gvksgr gc s`rvkmkf tëmekmf. Lurget` cg ckapk`zg, ef s` l`h`e afdgr cfs gpgrgtfs `cëmtrkmfs. Bgy l`t`rakeglgs zfegs `e qu` cgs pr`mgumkfe`s bge l` s`r açs muklglgs: efs `stgafs r`ikrk`elf g cgs mfmkegs, cfs mugrtfs l` hg÷f `e cfs qu` `c mfetgmtf mfe `c goug `s ir`mu`et`, `tm. Cg `c`mtrkmklgl tk`e` ue kapfrtget` kemfev`ek`et` g cg bfrg l` cg pr`v`emkýe l` cfs rk`sofs r`cgmkfeglfs mfe `ccg y `s cg lkikmuctgl l` l`t`mtgr su pr`s`emkg, yg qu` ef s` pu`l` v`r, fc`r ek g a`eulf fár. Cg a`dfr a`lklg pr`v`etkvg get` cfs rk`sofs `cëmtrkmfs `s `vktgr `c mfetgmtf mfe cfs `c`a`etfs mgusget`s l`c aksaf, pfr cf qu`, `e cg a`lklg l` cf pfskhc`, l`h`rç l` ckaktgrs` cg mkrmucgmkýe l`c p`rsfegc pfr gqu`ccfs cuogr`s l`c m`etrf l` trghgdf açs s`eskhc`s, s`÷gcgr mfev`ek`et`a`et` mfev`ek`et`a`et` cfs `c`a`etfs l` rk`sof, prfm`l`r gc aget`ekak`etf mfestget` mfestget` l` `st` tkpf l` kestgcgmkfe`s, gsá mfaf g cg kapcgetgmkýe l` cfs a`mgeksafs l` s`ourklgl p`rtke`et`s. @etr` cfs prkemkpgc`s `i`mtfs prflumklfs pfr cgs l`smgrogs `cëmtrkmgs l`stgmge, cgs qu`aglurgs, cfs pgrfs r`spkrgtfrkfs, cg ikhrkcgmkýe, `tm.
MFE]@MP@EMKG] L@ CG EF ^X@Y@EMKÝE Kemkl`et` Gmmkl`et` l` trghgdf @ei`ra`lgl prfi`skfegc
MCG]KIKMGMKÝE L@ CF] XK@]OF] Iáskmfs
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
Mgálgs y ofcp`s B`rklgs y qu`aglurgs Iu`of @c`mtrkmklgl Agqukegrkg
Wuáakmfs
Ketfxkmgmkfe`s Wu`aglurgs
Hkfcýokmfs
\ëtgefs B`pgtktks Akmrfhkfs Ykrus ^grçsktfs
7<0
`lktfrkgc } m`p
M. ^rkemkpkfs o`e`rgc`s pgrg cg pr`v`emký pr`v`emkýe e l` cfs rk`sofs pfr go`et`s quáakmfs Cfs rk`sofs pgrg cg sgcul y cg s`ourklgl l` cfs trghgdglfr`s `e trghgdfs `e cfs qu` bgyg gmtkvklgl mfe go`et`s quáakmfs p`ckorfsfs s` `ckakegrçe f r`lumkrçe gc aáekaf a`lkget`4 g) Cg mfem`pmkýe y frogekzgmkýe l` cfs skst`ags skst`ags l` trghgdf `e `c `c cuogr l` trghgdf. h) Cg s`c`mmkýe s`c`mmkýe ` kestgcgmkýe l` cfs `qukpfs l` trghgdf. m) @c `stghc`mkak`etf l` cfs prfm`lkak`etfs gl`muglfs pgrg `c usf y aget`ekak`etf l` cfs `qukpfs utkckzglfs pgrg trghgdgr mfe go`et`s quáakmfs p`ckorfsfs, gsá mfaf pgrg cg r`gckzgmkýe l` mugcquk`r gmtkvklgl mfe go`et`s quáakmfs p`ckorfsfs, f mfe r`sklufs qu` cfs mfet`eoge, kemcuklgs cg agekpucgmkýe, `c gcagm`egak`etf y `c trgscglf l` cfs aksafs `e `c cuogr l` trghgdf. l) Cg glfpmkýe l` a`lklgs bkokëekmgs bkokëekmgs gl`muglgs, tgetf p`rsfegc`s p`rsfegc`s mfaf l` frl`e frl`e y ckapk`zg. `) Cg r`lummkýe l` cgs mgetklgl`s l` go`et`s quáakmfs p`ckorfsfs pr`s`et`s `e `c cuogr l` trghgdf gc aáekaf e`m`sgrkf pgrg `c tkpf l` l ` trghgdf l` qu` s` trgt`. i) Cg r`lummkýe gc aáekaf l`c eôa`rf l` trghgdglfr`s `xpu`stfs f qu` pu`lge `stgrcf. o) Cg r`lummkýe gc aáekaf l` cg lurgmkýe lurgmkýe ` ket`esklgl l` cgs `xpfskmkfe`s. `xpfskmkfe`s.
L. A`lklgs `sp`máikmgs l` pr`v`emkýe y prft`mmkýe ir`et` g rk`sofs pfr go`et`s quáakmfs @stgs a`lklgs s`rçe gpckmghc`s mugelf cg `vgcugmkýe l` cfs rk`sofs pfeog l` agekik`stf cg e`m`sklgl l` tfagr cgs a`lklgs `sp`máikmgs l` pr`v`emkýe y prft`mmkýe mfet`apcglgs, t`ek`elf `e mu`etg cfs mrkt`rkfs `stghc`mklfs `e cfs gpgrtglfs = y < l`c grtámucf = l`c X`gc L`mr`tf =?8>>7, l` 9 l` ghrkc, sfhr` cg prft`mmkýe l` cg sgcul y s`ourklgl l` cfs trghgdglfr`s mfetrg cfs rk`sofs r`cgmkfeglfs mfe cfs go`et`s quáakmfs lurget` `c trghgdf. Lkmbfs gpgrtglfs lkspfe`e4 –=. Mugelf cfs r`suctglfs l` cg `vgcugmkýe r`v`c`e ue rk`sof pgrg cg sgcul y cg s`ourklgl l` cfs trghgdglfr`s, s`rçe l` gpckmgmkýe cgs a`lklgs `sp`máikmgs l` pr`v`emkýe, prft`mmkýe y vkokcgemkg l` cg sgcul `stghc`mklgs `e cfs grtámucfs 0, 9 y ?. Ef fhstget`, lkmbgs a`lklgs `sp`máikmgs ef s`rçe l` gpckmgmkýe `e gqu`ccfs supu`stfs `e qu` cfs r`suctglfs l` cg `vgcugmkýe l` rk`sofs pfeoge l` agekik`stf qu` cg mgetklgl l` ue go`et` quáakmf p`ckorfsf pr`s`et` `e `c cuogr l` trghgdf bgm` qu` sýcf `xkstg ue rk`sof c`v` pgrg cg sgcul y s`ourklgl l` cfs trghgdglfr`s, sk`elf suikmk`et` pgrg r`lumkr lkmbf rk`sof cg gpckmgmkýe l` cfs prkemkpkfs l` pr`v`emkýe `stghc`mklfs `e `c grtámucf <. <. @e mugcquk`r mgsf, cfs grtámucfs 0 y 9 s` gpckmgrçe fhckogtfrkga`et` mugelf s` sup`r`e4 g) Cfs vgcfr`s cáakt` gahk`etgc`s gahk`etgc `s `stghc`mklfs `e `c ge`xf K l` `st` X`gc L`mr`tf f `e ueg efragtkvg `sp`máikmg gpckmghc`. h) @e gus`emkg l` cfs get`rkfr`s, cfs vgcfr`s vgcfr`s cáakt` gahk`etgc`s puhckmglfs pfr `c Kestktutf Egmkfegc l` ]`ourklgl ` Bkok`e` `e `c \rghgdf `e `c –Lfmua`etf sfhr` cáakt`s l` `xpfskmkýe prfi`skfegc pgrg go`et`s quáakmfs `e @spg÷g‑, muyg gpckmgmkýe s`g r`mfa`elglg pfr cg Mfakskýe Egmkfegc l` ]`ourklgl y ]gcul `e `c \rghgdf, sgcvf sk pu`l` l`afstrgrs` qu` s` utkckzge y r`sp`tge uefs mrkt`rkfs f cáakt`s gct`regtkvfs, muyg gpckmgmkýe r`suct` suikmk`et`, `e `c mgsf mfemr`tf l` qu` s` trgt`, pgrg prft`o`r cg sgcul y s`ourklgl l` cfs trghgdglfr`s‑.
7<9
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
Gsá, `c grtámucf 0 l`c mktglf X`gc L`mr`tf `euemkg qu` `c `apr`sgrkf ogrgetkzgrç cg `ckakegmkýe f r`lummkýe gc aáekaf l`c rk`sof qu` `etrg÷` ue go`et` quáakmf p`ckorfsf pgrg cg sgcul y s`ourklgl l` cfs trghgdglfr`s lurget` `c trghgdf. ^grg `ccf, `c `apr`sgrkf l`h`rç, pr`i`r`et`a`et`, `vktgr `c usf l` lkmbf go`et` sustktuyëelfcf pfr ftrf f pfr ue prfm`sf quáakmf qu`, mfe grr`ocf g sus mfelkmkfe`s l` usf, ef s`g p`ckorfsf f cf s`g `e a`efr orglf. Mugelf cg egturgc`zg l` cg gmtkvklgl ef p`raktg cg `ckakegmkýe l`c rk`sof pfr sustktumkýe, `c `apr`sgrkf ogrgetkzgrç cg r`lummkýe gc aáekaf l` lkmbf rk`sof gpckmgelf a`lklgs l` pr`v`emkýe y prft`mmkýe qu` s`ge mfb`r`et`s mfe cg `vgcugmkýe l` cfs rk`sofs. Lkmbgs a`lklgs kemcukrçe, pfr frl`e l` prkfrklgl4 g) Cg mfem`pmkýe y cg utkckzgmkýe l` prfm`lkak`etfs l` trghgdf, trghgdf, mfetrfc`s tëmekmfs, tëmekmfs, `qukpfs y agt`rkgc`s qu` p`raktge, gkscgelf gc go`et` `e cg a`lklg l` cf pfskhc`, `vktgr f r`lumkr gc aáekaf mugcquk`r `smgp` f lkiuskýe gc gahk`et` f mugcquk`r mfetgmtf lkr`mtf mfe `c trghgdglfr qu` pu`lg supfe`r ue p`ckorf pgrg cg sgcul y s`ourklgl l` ëst`. h) A`lklgs l` v`etkcgmkýe u ftrgs a`lklgs l` prft`mmkýe mfc`mtkvg, mfc`mtkvg, gpckmglgs pr`i`r`et`a`et` pr`i`r`et`a`et` `e `c frko`e l`c rk`sof, y a`lklgs gl`muglgs l` frogekzgmkýe l`c trghgdf. m) A`lklgs l` prft`mmkýe prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc, gmfrl`s mfe cf lkspu`stf lkspu`stf `e cg efragtkvg sfhr` utkckzgmkýe utkckzgmkýe l` `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc, mugelf cgs a`lklgs get`rkfr`s s`ge kesuikmk`et`s y cg `xpfskmkýe f mfetgmtf mfe `c go`et` ef pu`lg `vktgrs` pfr ftrfs a`lkfs. ]ke p`rdukmkf l` cf `stghc`mklf get`rkfra`et`, `c `apr`sgrkf l`h`rç glfptgr, `e pgrtkmucgr, cgs a`lklgs tëmekmgs y frogekzgtkvgs e`m`sgrkgs pgrg prft`o`r g cfs trghgdglfr`s ir`et` g cfs rk`sofs l`rkvglfs, `e su mgsf, l` cg pr`s`emkg `e `c cuogr l` trghgdf l` go`et`s qu` pu`lge lgr cuogr g kem`elkfs, `xpcfskfe`s u ftrgs r`gmmkfe`s quáakmgs p`ckorfsgs p`ckorfsgs l`hklf g su mgrçmt`r keicgaghc`, g su ke`stghkcklgl quáakmg, g su r`gmtkvklgl ir`et` g ftrgs sustgemkgs pr`s`et`s `e `c cuogr l` trghgdf, f g mugcquk`r ftrg l` sus prfpk`lgl`s ikskmfquáakmgs. @stgs a`lklgs l`h`rçe s`r gl`muglgs g cg egturgc`zg y mfelkmkfe`s l` cg fp`rgmkýe, kemcuklfs `c gcagm`egak`etf, cg agekpucgmkýe y `c trgespfrt` l` cfs go`et`s quáakmfs `e `c cuogr l` trghgdf y, `e su mgsf, cg s`pgrgmkýe l` cfs go`et`s quáakmfs kemfapgtkhc`s. @e pgrtkmucgr, `c `apr`sgrkf glfptgrç, pfr frl`e l` prkfrklgl, a`lklgs pgrg4 g) Kap`lkr cg pr`s`emkg `e `c cuogr l` trghgdf trghgdf l` mfem`etrgmkfe`s p`ckorfsgs l` sustgemkgs keicgaghc`s f l` mgetklgl`s p`ckorfsgs l` sustgemkgs quáakmga`et` ke`stghc`s f kemfapgtkhc`s mfe ftrgs tgahkëe pr`s`et`s `e `c cuogr l` trghgdf mugelf cg egturgc`zg l`c trghgdf cf p`raktg. h) Mugelf cg egturgc`zg l`c trghgdf ef p`raktg cg glfpmkýe l` cg a`lklg pr`vkstg `e `c gpgrtglf get`rkfr, `vktgr cgs iu`et`s l` koekmkýe qu` pulk`rge prflumkr kem`elkfs f `xpcfskfe`s f mfelkmkfe`s glv`rsgs qu` pulk`rge gmtkvgr cg l`smfapfskmkýe l` sustgemkgs quáakmga`et` ke`stghc`s f a`zmcgs l` sustgemkgs quáakmga`et` kemfapgtkhc`s. m) ^gckgr cfs `i`mtfs `i`mtfs efmkvfs pgrg cg sgcul y cg s`ourklgl s`ourklgl l` cfs trghgdglfr`s frkokeglfs `e mgsf l` kem`elkf, `xpcfskýe u ftrg r`gmmkýe `xftërakmg p`ckorfsg.
@e tflf mgsf, cfs `qukpfs l` trghgdf y cfs skst`ags l` prft`mmkýe `apc`glfs l`h`rçe muapckr cfs r`quksktfs l` s`ourklgl y sgcul `stghc`mklfs pfr cg efragtkvg qu` r`ouc` su mfem`pmkýe, ighrkmgmkýe y suakekstrf.
@e `c mgsf pgrtkmucgr l` cg pr`v`emkýe l` cgs `xpcfskfe`s, cgs a`lklgs glfptglgs l`h`rçe4
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7
`lktfrkgc } m`p
g) \`e`r `e mu`etg y s`r s`r mfapgtkhc`s mfe cg mcgskikmgmkýe mcgskikmgmkýe `e mgt`ofrágs mgt`ofrágs l` cfs orupfs l` gpgrgtfs qu` ikourg `e `c ge`xf K l`c X`gc L`mr`tf <>>/7;;9, l` 7 l` agrzf, pfr `c qu` s` lkmtge cgs lkspfskmkfe`s l` gpckmgmkýe l` cg Lkr`mtkvg l`c ^grcga`etf @urfp`f y l`c Mfes`df ;;/ M@, r`cgtkvg g cfs gpgrgtfs y skst`ags l` prft`mmkýe pgrg usf `e gtaýsi`rgs pft`emkgca`et` `xpcfskvgs. h) Fir`m`r ue mfetrfc suikmk`et` suikmk`et` l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s, `qukpfs y agqukegrkg, f utkckzgr `qukpfs pgrg cg supr`skýe l` cgs `xpcfskfe`s f lkspfsktkvfs l` gckvkf ir`et` g sfhr`pr`skfe`s.
0.8 Xk`sofs pfr agekpucgmkýe l` agqukegrkg prfpkg l` cg mfmkeg mfmkeg G. Ketrflu Ketrflummkýe mmkýe G p`sgr l` cg `vfcumkýe l` cg t`mefcfoág, cfs igmtfr`s l` rk`sof rk`sof cghfrgc skou`e `stgelf g cg frl`e l`c lág. @e `c s`mtfr l` cg r`stgurgmkýe mfc`mtkvg cfs rk`sofs cghfrgc`s gi`mtge g cfs trghgdglfr`s l` age`rg lkr`mtg y l` age`rg kelkr`mtg g cfs prfpkfs mck`et`s. @c prfafv`r ` kapcgetgr prftfmfcfs l` pr`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs cghfrgc`s `sp`máikmfs l` cg mgt`ofrág tk`e` mfaf fhd`tkvf o`e`rgc cg a`dfrg l` cg s`ourklgl `e `c trghgdf, frk`etglf sfhr` tflf g `c`vgr cg prft`mmkýe l` cg s`ourklgl y cg sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s lurget` su gmtkvklgl cghfrgc. Cfs fhd`tkvfs l` cg pr`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs cghfrgc`s s` m`etrge `e `ckakegr f r`lumkr lrçstkmga`et` cfs gmmkl`et`s l` trghgdf, `vktgelf gsá lg÷fs g cg sgcul y lksakeuy`elf cg gpgrkmkýe l` `ei`ra`lgl`s prfi`skfegc`s. L`sl` qu` `e `c g÷f 7;;0 s` prfaucof cg c`y =7/7;;0 l` pr`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs cghfrgc`s, s` `stç gvgezgelf `e cg a`dfrg l` cgs mfelkmkfe`s l` trghgdf g tflfs cfs ekv`c`s, sfhr` tflf `e cg ifragmkýe y `e cg keifragmkýe g cfs trghgdglfr`s. Peg l` cgs agyfr`s mgusgs l` skek`strgcklgl cghfrgc s` `emu`etrg `e qu` `e eua`rfsgs fmgskfe`s cfs trghgdglfr`s tk`el`e g suh`stkagr cfs rk`sofs gsfmkglfs g sus pu`stfs l` trghgdf y `e l`agskglgs fmgskfe`s `c `xm`sf l` mfeikgezg y tfc`rgr gcouefs rk`sofs efs pfe` `c ikcf l`c p`ckorf. Cg kapfrtgemkg l` ueg ifragmkýe ` keifragmkýe gl`muglg gsfmkglf gc r`sp`tf l` cgs efrags l` s`ourklgl efs gm`rmgrg g r`lumkr cfs gmmkl`et`s g cg aáekag `xpr`skýe. @stghc`m`r qu` cg p`rm`pmkýe l` ue rk`sof f l` ue gmmkl`et` `s `vktghc` aget`ek`elf uefs prftfmfcfs l` gmtugmkýe `s iuelga`etgca`et` hçskmf pgrg r`lumkr cgs pfskhkcklgl`s l` qu` s` prfluzmge. Cg c`y l` pr`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs cghfrgc`s ogrgetkzg ef sýcf `c l`r`mbf l` cfs trghgdglfr`s g s`r keifraglfs sfhr` cfs rk`sofs l` su pfskmkýe y cgs a`lklgs g cc`vgr g mghf, skef qu` tgahkëe igvfr`m` su pgrtkmkpgmkýe g cg bfrg l` `vgcugr cfs rk`sofs y pr`v`ekrcfs.
7<2
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
H. Cfs rk`sofs cghfrgc`s açs ir`mu`et`s `e ueg mfmkeg g. Kem`elkfs y `xpcfskfe` `xpcfskfe`ss Cfs kem`elkfs s` pu`l`e prflumkr pfr cg mfahkegmkýe l` `stfs tr`s igmtfr`s kapr`smkelkhc`s4 - ^r`s`emkg l` agt`rkgc`s agt`rkgc`s mfahustkhc`s (gm`kt`s, orgsgs, gcka`etfs, pgp`c`s, ogs, `tm.) `tm.) - @c fxáo`ef pfr cfs muçc s` gcka`etg `c iu`of - Cg iu`et` l` mgcfr qu` bg l`s`emgl`eglf `c kem`elkf @stfs tr`s igmtfr`s igmtfr`s s` l`efakege mfaf `c trkçeoucf l` iu`of. ]k s` `ckakeg uef l` cfs tr`s igmtfr`s, s` `ckakeg cg pfskhkcklgl l` qu` prfluzmg ue kem`elkf. @c rk`sof l` ue kem`elkf mfecc`vg g ueg sktugmkýe l`ckmglg lfel` cgs c`skfe`s f `e `c p`fr l` cfs mgsfs ue igcc`mkak`etf. ]` prflum`e `e cg agyfrág l` cfs mgsfs pfr ketfxkmgmkýe f gsikxkg l`hklf g cg kebgcgmkýe l` ogs`s. @s auy kapfrtget` sgh`r pr`v`ekrcf y sk fmurr`, sgh`r cfs prfm`sfs l` gmtugmkýe l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s. @e ueg mfmkeg `c rk`sof l` `xpcfskýe vg auy ckoglf mfe `c l` kem`elkfs l`hklf g cg lkv`rsg mgetklgl l` sustgemkgs mfahustkhc`s, cg pr`s`emkg l` ogs f cfs prflumtfs quáakmfs gctga`et` keicgaghc`s qu` get`s ue ifmf l` t`ap`rgturg `c`vglg gua`etg `xpfe`emkgca`et` `c rk`sof l` `xpcfskýe f kem`elkf. Cgs iu`et`s l` mgcfr qu` pu`l`e kekmkgr ue kem`elkf sfe aôctkpc`s, pfr cf qu` `s auy kapfrtget` tfagr pr`mgumkfe`s y s`oukr cgs pgutgs r`mfa`elglgs. Cg prka`rg grag pgrg cg pr`v`emkýe `s ue hu`e aget`ekak`etf l` cfs `qukpfs ` kestgcgmkfe`s, r`sp`tgelf cgs efrags l` utkckzgmkýe y cfs c fs prftfmfcfs l` s`ourklgl. Cfs kem`elkfs pu`l`e frkokegrs` `e4
• Gpgrgtfs `cëmtrkmfs Cg `c`mtrkmklgl ifrag pgrt` l` eu`strf `etfref lkgrkf, pfr cf mugc ef l`h`afs pfr `ccf hgdgr cg ougrlkg get`s qu` sgct` ueg gcgrag l`c skst`ag `cëmtrkmf. Cgs c`skfe`s açs mfaue`s `e ue gmmkl`et` `cëmtrkmf su`c`e s`r qu`aglurgs, p`rf `c rk`sof l` suirkr c`skfe`s tge s`rkgs mfaf pgrg r`spkrgtfrkf, ikhrkcgmkýe v`etrkmucgr, geucgmkýe l` cg mgpgmklgl ausmucgr f cg gsikxkg sfe aftkvfs auy mfetuel`et`s pgrg tfagr auy `es`rkf tflgs cgs a`lkgs l` pr`mgumkýe.
• Ogs`s y gpgrgtfs l` pr`skýe Pe aget`ekak`etf p`rkýlkmf l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s l` ogs, gpgrgtfs l` pr`skýe, gsá mfaf l` cg r`vkskýe l` cfs mfelumtfs, duetgs, qu`aglfr`s, `tm. ]fe kapr`smkelkhc`s pgrg `vktgr rk`sofs l` kem`elkf `e `c trghgdf. @s l` vktgc kapfrtgemkg m`rrgr tflgs cgs cc`v`s l` cfs ifofe`s sk ef s` usge, kougca`et` qu` gc t`rakegr l` mfmkegr m`rrgr cg ccgv` l` pgsf o`e`rgc l`c ogs pgrg `vktgr gsá mugcquk`r rk`sof l` iuog pfr l`dgr ghk`rtf ueg ccgv` l` pgsf. @e mgsf l` l`t`mtgrs` ueg iuog l` ogs, s` mfrtgrç `c ogs, s` v`etkcgrç rçpklga`et` `c cfmgc y s` gv ksgrç kea`lkgtga`et` gc sup`rkfr cg kemkl`emkg pgrg gsá tfagr cgs a`lklgs fpfrtuegs.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7<;
`lktfrkgc } m`p
• ]ýcklfs y cáquklfs Pe p`ri`mtf aget`ekak`etf l`c frl`e `e cgs kestgcgmkfe`s gyulgrg g mfetrfcgr cfs pfskhc`s ifmfs l` iu`of qu` pu`lg frkokegrs` `e ue afa`etf lglf pfr prflumtfs keicgaghc`s y mfahustkhc`s `e mugcquk`r cuogr l` cg kestgcgmkýe. Mfaf a`lklgs pr`v`etkvgs pgrg `vktgr pfskhc`s kem`elkfs sfcf s` l`h` iuagr `e cuogr`s s`÷gckzglfs pgrg `ccf, `vktgelf `c mfetgmtf l` cáquklfs f sýcklfs keicgaghc`s mfe iu`et`s l` mgcfr f ôtkc`s qu` pu`lge prflumkr mbkspgs. \k`e` vktgc kapfrtgemkg ef a`zmcgr sustgemkgs quáakmgs get` ueg pfskhc` keicgagmkýe. Cfs prflumtfs keicgaghc`s y mfahustkhc`s tk`e`e qu` ougrlgrs` gc`dglfs l` cgs zfegs l` trghgdf. L`h`e gcagm`egrs` v`rtkmgca`et` y prft`oklgs l`c sfc y cgs mfelkmkfe`s mckagtfcýokmgs glv`rsgs. glv`rsgs. Pe puetf auy kapfrtget` g mfeskl`rgr `e ueg mfmkeg pgrg lksakeukr `c rk`sof l` kem`elkf `s aget`e`r `xtr`aglga`et` ckapkgs cg mgapgeg `xtrgmtfrg l` ogs`s, gl`açs l` cgs zfegs glygm`et`s g cfs ifofe`s y ir`klfrgs.
• Mfaf gmtugr `e mgsf l` kem`elkf ]k s` bg prflumklf ue kem`elkf ueg gmtugmkýe rçpklg y s`esgtg mfe cg sktugmkýe `s iuelga`etgc pgrg ogrgetkzgr cg açxkag s`ourklgl. ]` l`h` t`e`r `e mu`etg qu` `e mgsf l` kem`elkf cgs p`rsfegs qu` s` pu`lge `emfetrgr `e cgs kestgcgmkfe`s y qu` sfe gd`egs g `ccgs, l`smfefm`e cfs a`lkfs l` prft`mmkýe y cgs a`lklgs l` `vgmugmkýe. Get` ue p`qu`÷f kem`elkf, sk `s pfskhc` gmtugr mfe ue `xtketfr f mfe cg agetg getkiu`of. ]k `s pfskhc` gmtugr mfe `c `xtketfr, `c `apc`f `s auy s`emkccf, s` quktg cg agekccg l` s`ourklgl y g ueg lkstgemkg prul`emkgc lkrkokr cg hfqukccg l`c `xtketfr g cg hgs` l` cgs ccgags, pgrg s`ouklga`et` pr`skfegr cg vçcvucg l` sgcklg y hgrr`r l` kzquk`rlg g l`r`mbg y l` iu`rg bgmkg l`etrf `c ifmf l` kem`elkf.
@s kapfrtget` sgh`r qu` `e ue kem`elkf `c gkr` açs ckapkf `stg g rgs l` su`cf ^fr cf mugc pgrg `vktgr ketfxkmgmkfe`s pfr kebgcgmkýe l` buaf `s auy r`mfa`elghc` gogmbgrs` husmgelf cg sgcklg l` `a`ro`emkg açs prýxkag. ]k `s pfskhc`, `s r`mfa`elghc` pgrg `vktgr gvkvgr `c iu`of, gpgogr cfs skst`ags l` `xtrgmmkýe l` buafs. @e cg sgcklg sk `s pfskhc` s` l`h` prft`o`r cgs vágs r`spkrgtfrkgs mfe ue pg÷f bôa`lf.
@e ue kem`elkf l` p`qu`÷g agoektul cfs prka`rfs kestget`s sfe `xtr`aglga`et` kapfrtget`s pgrg pfl`r sfifmgrcf mfe a`lklgs l` `xtkemkýe. @s r`mfa`elghc` cg utkckzgmkýe l` cgs agetgs getkiu`ofs pgrg sfifmgr p`qu`÷fs kem`elkfs, pgrg gpgogr ue iu`of sfhr` ueg p`rsfeg f prft`o`rs` l`c iu`of `e cg `vgmugmkýe l`c kem`elkf. ]ke `ahgrof, sk `c iu`of `s l`agskglf orgel` s` l`h`e `stghc`m`r prkfrktgrkga`et` cfs prftfmfcfs l` s`ourklgl.
70>
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
• ^rftfmfcf l` gmtugmkýe hçskmf `e mgsf l` `vgmugmkýe - Gc fár cg s`÷gc l` `vgmugmkýe pfr a`ogifeág, skst`ag l` skr`egs f g trgvës trgvës l`c r`spfesghc` r`spfesghc` l` `vgmugmkýe, s` pr`pgrg pgrg `vgmugr cg zfeg y lkrkokrs` gc puetf l` r`uekýe pr`vkstf. - L`smfe`mtgr cfs gpgrgtfs `cëmtrkmfs qu` s`ge pfskhc`s. - Ef utkckzgr gsm`esfr`s. - @vktgr qu` s` prfluzmge mfrrk`et`s mfrrk`et`s l` gkr`s gkr`s qu` pu`lge prfpgogr prfpgogr `c iu`of iu`of y l`smgrtgr l`smgrtgr gqu`ccgs sktugmkfe`s qu` pu`lge pfe`r `e p`ckorf eu`strg ket`orklgl f cg l` cfs l`açs. - ]gckr l`c l`c `lkikmkf `lkikmkf frl`eglga`et`, frl`eglga`et`, ske mfrr`r mfrr`r p`rf l` ifrag ifrag çokc. çokc. - Lkrkokrs` gc puetf l` r`uekýe pgrg s`oukr cgs kestrummkfe`s l` cfs r`spfesghc`s l` `a`ro`emkg. `a`ro`emkg. - @e ekeoôe mgsf s` l`h` vfcv`r gc pu`stf l` trghgdf pgrg r`mfo`r r`mfo`r ekeoôe fhd`tf.
h. Mgálgs y ofcp`s Cgs mgálgs y cfs ofcp`s s` prflum`e pfr lkv`rsfs igmtfr`s: - ]u`cfs afdglfs - ^r`s`emkg l` gm`kt`s - X`stfs l` gcka`etfs mgálfs `e `c su`cf - Igctg l` kcuakegmkýe - ^r`s`emkg l` fhstçmucfs - \rgespfrt` l` mgrogs p`sglgs f qu` lkikmuctge cg afvkcklgl ^fr cf mugc `s kapfrtget` aget`e`r frl`eglf y ckapkf `c su`cf pgrg gsá `vktgr ue gmmkl`et`. @s kapfrtget` `e cg mfmkeg, `s r`mfa`elghc` l`cget` l` cfs ifofe`s y `e cfs ir`ogl`rfs cgs r`dkccgs pgrg cg `vgmugmkýe l` cfs cáquklfs cáq uklfs y orgsgs. @s tgahkëe auy kapfrtget` qu` `c p`rsfegc l` mfmkeg utkckm` ue mgczglf l` s`ourklgl, qu` s`g mýaflf, qu` trgespkr`, m`rrglf y mfe su`cg getkl`sckzget`. @s r`mfa`elghc` s`÷gckzgr cgs zfegs bôa`lgs l`spuës l` r`gckzgr cgs tgr`gs l` ckapk `zg @e mgsf l` mgálg l` gcoôe gc oôe gcka`etf `s kapfrtget` ckapkgrcf mfe rgpkl`z pgrg qu` eglk` pu`lg r`shgcgrs` mfe ëc. @e cgs mçagrgs irkofráikmgs cfs gmmkl`et`s açs mfaue`s sfe cfs l`sckzgak`etfs, mgálgs, ofcp`s y `c rk`sof l` qu`lgrs` gmmkl`etgca`et` `em`rrglf l`etrf. Mfaf a`lklg l` pr`v`emkýe sk`apr` l`h` `stgr auy ckapkf `c su`cf, ckhr` l` cáquklfs y s` vkokcgrge cfs skst`ags l` s`ourklgl l` cgs mçagrgs irkofráikmgs, mfaprfhgelf mfaprfhgelf gcgrags, bgmbg l` `a`ro`emkgs y `c mfrr`mtf iuemkfegak`etf l`c skst`ag l` gp`rturg l` pu`rtgs l`sl` `c ket`rkfr. @c l`sfrl`e `e `c gcagm`egak`etf l` `stget`rágs f cg ifrag e`ocko`et` l` gmtugr gc mfo`r gcof l` `ccgs sfe mgusg ir`mu`et` l` ofcp`s pfr mgálgs l` fhd`tfs l` cgs aksags. @s kapfrtget` t`e`r ueg hu`eg kcuakegmkýe qu` q u` kcuake` mglg rkemýe l` cg `stgemkg. ^fr `ccf t`e`r `c ket`rruptfr l` içmkc gmm`sf `e cg `etrglg `s l` e ftghc` kapfrtgemkg.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
707
`lktfrkgc } m`p
Euemg s` l`h`e l`dgr fhd`tfs `e `smgc`rgs f zfegs l` pgsf yg qu` pu`l`e prfvfmgr trfpk`zfs f mgálgs, gl`açs l` lkikmuctgr ueg pfskhc` `vgmugmkýe l` p`rsfegc `e mgsf l` `a`ro`emkg. @s kapfrtget` gmtugr mfe pr`mgumkýe mugelf s` suhge f hgd`e `smgc`rgs mfe gcoueg mgrog vfcuakefsg. @e r`i`r`et` g `smgc`rgs l` agef, `s kapfrtget` mfaprfhgr su p`ri`mtf `stglf get`s l` suhkrs` g `ccgs y ikdgr ue hu`e puetf l` gpfyfs pgrg `vktgr mugcquk`r përlklg l` `qukckhrkf. @e cfs gcagm`e`s pgrg gcmgezgr cfs ekv`c`s sup`rkfr`s l` `stget`rágs y gragrkfs s` l`h`e l` utkckzgr `smgc`rgs gl`muglgs, ef utkckzgelf ek cg `stget`rág ek fhd`tfs kaprfvksglfs pgrg cg fmgskýe. ]k`apr` s` utkckzgrç cg `smgc`rg mfe cýokmg y ef efs mfcogr`afs l` `ccg, ek utkckzgr`afs cg `smgc`rg g lôf. @e cgs `smgc`rgs l` tkd`rg bgy qu` r`vksgr cfs `c`a`etfs l` s`ourklgl mfetrg gp`rturg gmmkl`etgc. @e `c trgespfrt` l` ue p`sf l`sl` ueg `smgc`rg bgy qu` t`e`r `sp`mkgc muklglf pgrg ef mfaprfa`t`r cg prfpkg s`ourklgl gc pfl`r p`rl`r `c `qukckhrkf. `qukck hrkf.
m. Mfetgmtfs `cëmtrkmf `cëmtrkmfss Cg `c`mtrkmklgl `s ueg l` cgs orgel`s iu`et`s l` `e`roágs utkckzglgs `e ueg mfmkeg l` r`stgurgmkýe mfc`mtkvg. Guequ` cfs gmmkl`et`s pfr l`smgrogs `cëmtrkmgs ef sfe auy mfaue`s, ef s` l`h` hgdgr cg ougrlkg yg qu` sus mfes`mu`emkgs sk sfe auy orgv`s. @etr` cgs c`skfe`s açs mfaue`s `e ue gmmkl`et` `cëmtrkmf su`c`e s`r qu`aglurgs, p`rf `c rk`sof l` suirkr c`skfe`s tge s`rkgs mfaf pgrg r`spkrgtfrkf, ikhrkcgmkýe v`etrkmucgr, geucgmkýe l` cg mgpgmklgl ausmucgr f cg gsikxkg sfe aftkvfs auy mfetuel`et`s pgrg tfagr auy `es`rkf tflgs cgs a`lkgs l` pr`mgumkýe. Cg `c`mtrkmklgl `s uef l` cfs igmtfr`s l` rk`sof l` açs lkiámkc pr`v`emkýe y mfe ueg `c`vglg lkikmuctgl pgrg su l`t`mmkýe `e cfs afa`etfs l` trghgdf, pfr cf mugc tflgs cgs a`lklgs pr`v`etkvgs sfe hk`e r`mkhklgs. @etr` cgs a`lklgs pr`v`etkvgs açs kapfrtget`s y iuemkfegc`s `emfetrgafs `c usf l` gkscget`s l` `qukpfs `cëmtrkmfs, utkckzglfs pgrg cg prft`mmkýe l` go`et`s `xt`refs tgetf l`c prfpkf `qukpf mfaf l` cg p`rsfeg. Mgh` l`mkr qu` cgs prft`mmkfe`s sk`apr` l`h`e `stgr `e hu`e `stglf, t`ek`elf `e mu`etg l` ifrag p`rkýlkmg ueg `vgcugmkýe l`c `stglf l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s. - Cg prft`mmkýe prft`mmkýe qu` fir`m`e mfetrg cg p`e`trgmkýe l` mu`rpfs mu`rpfs sýcklfs y cáquklfs. - Cg r`skst`emkg g kapgmtfs a`mçekmfs f ofcp`s gmmkl`etgc`s. - Cg prft`mmkýe ir`et` g cgs p`rsfegs. Pef l` cfs puetfs mrátkmfs `e `c l`t`rkfrf l` cgs prft`mmkfe`s `s sk s` `emu`etrge m`rmg l` ueg iu`et` l` mgcfr, `e mfetgmtf mfe sustgemkgs mfrrfskvgs f cg `xkst`emkg l` agccglfs, mfrt`s prflumklgs pfr pu`rtgs f ôtkc`s. @e `c mgsf l` l`t`mtgr gcoueg gefagcág `c gpgrgtf l`h` s`r l`smfe`mtglf y s` l`h` keifragr kea`lkgtga`et` gc agelf sup`rkfr.
708
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
@e cg aksag cáe`g tgahkëe `s auy kapfrtget` qu` cfs muglrfs `cëmtrkmfs `stëe sk`apr` prft`oklfs, mfe cg tgpg m`rrglg. Ef s` l`h`e sfhr`mgrogr cfs `embui`s y s` l`h`e sustktukr cfs cglrfe`s pfr r`oc`tgs mfe tfag l` tk`rrg, ef l`dgelf mghc`s su`ctfs pfr `c su`cf. ]k l`smfefm`afs ue gpgrgtf l`h`afs keifragrefs get`s l` su usf pgrg `vktgr ue rk`sof kee`m`sgrkf. Mugelf s` gmmkfe`e cfs ket`rruptfr`s l`h` r`gckzgrs` mfe cgs agefs s`mgs y ckapkgs. @e mgsf l` ue prfhc`ag `cëmtrkmf, s` s`÷gckzg y s` gvk sg pgrg su rçpklg r`pgrgmkýe. Euemg l`s`embuigr ue gpgrgtf tkrgelf l`c mghc`, ôekmga`et` s` l`smfe`mtgrç tkrgelf l` cg mcgvkdg. @e r`i`r`emkg g cg v`stka`etg gl`muglg, `e `st` mgsf `s auy kapfrtget` cg utkckzgmkýe l` mgczglf l` mfmkeg getk`stçtkmf. \r`s sfe cfs prkemkpgc`s igccfs pu`l`e l`s`emgl`egr `e ue gmmkl`et` `cëmtrkmf4 - ]fhr`mgrog: cfs vfctgd`s sup`rkfr`s g cf pr`vkstf prflum`e sfhr`mgc`etgak`etf `xm`skvf `e cfs mghc`s mfelumtfr`s, o`e`rgelf ueg keicgagmkýe f ueg l`strummkýe l`c agt`rkgc gkscget` qu` prfvfmgrg ue kem`elkf. - Mfrtfmkrmuktf: Mfrtfmkrmuktf: sk s` cc`og g iuelkr gcoôe puetf l` cfs mghc`s mfelumtfr`s mfelumtfr`s l`hklf l`hklf g ue gctf vfctgd` prfvfmgelf ue gctf rk`sof l` kem`elkfs. - Igccfs l` gkscgak`etf f mfe`xkfe`s l` agcg mgcklgl: mghc`s mfelumtfr`s l` agcg mgcklgl, mghc`s `ev`d`mklfs, uekfe`s `e agc `stglf pu`l`e fmgskfegr qu` s` `e`rokm` cg mgrmgsg a`tçckmg l` ue `qukpf, pfek`elf `e p`ckorf cg vklg l`c aksaf.
l. Agekpucgm Agekpucgmkýe kýe l` mgrogs ageugca`et` Cg agekpucgmkýe y trgespfrt` ageugc l` mgrogs pu`l` prfvfmgr c`skfe`s l` pfr vklg sfhr` tflf `e cg zfeg lfrsgc y cuahgr. ^fr `ccf `s kapfrtget` `apc`gr cg tëmekmg l` gv`etgak`etf gl`muglg, hgsglf `e cg r`gckzgmkýe l`c `siu`rzf mfe cgs pk`regs aget`ek`elf cg `spgclg r`mtg. ^grg r`gckzgr mfrr`mtga`et` `c c`vgetgak`etf s` l`h`e ic`xkfegr cgs rflkccgs, aget`ek`elf cg `spgclg r`mtg y tfagelf kapucsf pgrg c`vgetgr cg mgrog mfe iu`rzg p`rf mfe sugvklgl. @s kapfrtget` `vktgr okrfs hrusmfs mfe `c trfemf y l`h`afs gogrrgr cg mgrog iu`rt`a`et` y mfe s`ourklgl, mfe cfs hrgzfs p`oglfs gc mu`rpf. Peg mfrr`mtg frogekzgmkýe l` mgrogs y `c gpfyf l` mgrrfs l` trgespfrt` s` trglumkrçe `e ueg a`efr mgetklgl l` trghgdf y ueg agyfr s`ourklgl `e cg `d`mumkýe. @s kapfrtget` gegckzgr cg mgrog g agekpucgr, `vktgelf p`sfs sup`rkfr`s g 80 Jo., y `stulkgelf cg ifrag l` gogrr` açs s`ourg. \gahkëe `s kapfrtget` mfetgr mfe `c gpfyf l` mfapg÷`rfs, `c trghgdf `e mfeduetf l` lfs p`rsfegs akekakzge `c rk`sof. Mugelf s` `stç trgscglgelf cg mgrog, `stg ef l`h` kap`lkr cg vkskýe l` pfr lfel` mgakegs, pgrg `vktgr mugcquk`r pfskhc` trfpk`zf. @s kapfrtget` pcgekikmgr `c l`spcgzgak`etf pgrg `vktgr `siu`rzfs kee`m`sgrkfs pfr cg pr`s`emkg l` fhstçmucfs qu` pu`lge `etfrp`m`r `c pgsf f `c cuogr lfel` l`s`gs pfe`r `c fhd`tf `stç fmupglf. Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
70=
`lktfrkgc } m`p
`. Mfrt`s y gtrgpgak gtrgpgak`etfs `etfs Pef l` cfs agyfr`s igmtfr`s l` rk`sof açs bghktugc`s l` ue mfmke`rf `e `c lág g lág sfe cfs mfrt`s. ]u s`ourklgl l`p`el`rç l` l`c hu`e usf l` cfs ut`eskckfs y `qukpfs, tgc`s mfaf mumbkccfs, açqukegs cfembglfrgs, sk`elf tgahkëe mfaôe cfs mfrt`s prflumklfs pfr cgs agcgs prçmtkmgs gc ghrkr cgs cgtgs f pfr hft`ccgs rftgs. @e iuemkýe l`c trghgdf qu` s` l`s`` r`gckzgr, cf l`ckmglf l`c gcka`etf g mfrtgr `s pr`mksf sgh`r `c`okr cg b`rrgak`etg l` mfrt` gl`muglg. ]` r`mfak`elg pgrg mglg mfrt` su mumbkccf gl`muglf, o`e`rgca`et` s` pu`l` r`suakr `e qu` s` utkckzge bfdgs l` mfrt` oru`sf pgrg mfrt`s oru`sfs y pk`zgs iu`rt`s y bfdgs l`coglgs pgrg mfrt`s ikefs. Pe puetf auy kapfrtget` `s qu` cfs mumbkccfs `stëe hk`e gikcglfs y `e hu`e `stglf, l`s`mbgelf cfs mumbkccfs qu` t`eoge `c ageof gstkccglf, rgdglf f cg bfdg tfrmklg, pgrg `vktgr c`skfe`s `e cg agef. Mugetf açs gikcglf `stg ue mumbkccf a`efr `s `c rk`sof l` mfrtgrs`, lglf qu` sfcf l`h`s mfem`etrgrt` `e mfrtgr ske bgm`r ue `siu`rzf `xtrg qu` supfe` `e aumbfs mgsfs ue mfrt`. ^grg cg r`gckzgmkýe l` cfs mfrt`s, s` utkckzgrç cg tghcg l` mfrt`, gc`dgelf `c mumbkccf l`c mu`rpf, aget`ek`elf cg mfrr`mtg pfskmkýe l` agefs y l`lfs pgrg ue mfrt` mfe s`ourklgl. ]k `s e`m`sgrkf, l`p`elk`elf l`c trghgdf g l`sgrrfccgr s` pu`l`e utkckzgr ouget`s l` prft`mmkýe. Eglg açs ikegckzgr `c usf l` cgs b`rrgak`etgs l` mfrt` utkckzglgs, s` l`h`e ckapkgr y l`skei`mtgr, ckapkçelfcfs mfe muklglf l` ef mfrtgrs`. Gc ckapkgr cg bfdg l`c mumbkccf l`h`afs ckapkgrcf pfr gahgs mgrgs t`ek`elf aumbf muklglf mfe `c ikcf. Cgs b`rrgak`etgs l` mfrt` l`h`e ougrlgrs` s`pgrglga`et` l`c r`stf l` ut`eskckfs y mfe cfs ikcfs prft`oklfs. @e `c mgsf l` utkckzgmkýe l` açqukegs cfemb`glfrgs `s r`mfa`elghc` pfe`rs` `c ouget` l` agccg l` prft`mmkýe get` mfrt`s. @s kapr`smkelkhc` sud`tgr cg age`tg l` sud`mkýe y prft`mmkýe gc mfrtgr `c prflumtf y mugelf ef t`eog `c suikmk`et` `sp`sfr ef gpurgrcf gc açxkaf mfe cg agef l`seulg, yg qu` `s `e `s` afa`etf mugelf gua`etg `c rk`sof. Mugelf s` t`rake` l` mfrtgr, prka`rf s` gpgog cg açqukeg y l`spuës s` r`tkrg `c prflumtf. Cg ckapk`zg l` cfs `qukpfs l` trghgdf s` l`h` r`gckzgr mfe suaf muklglf, r`sp`tgelf cgs a`lklgs l` s`ourklgl, l`s`embuigelf cg açqukeg l` cg r`l `cëmtrkmg. Bgy qu` pfe`r `sp`mkgc gt`emkýe `e pfe`r g m`rf cg mumbkccg pgrg `vktgr gsá ue mfrt` `e cg ckapk`zg l` cg aksag. L`safetgafs cg açqukeg pgrg prfm`l`r g cg ckapk`zg l` tflgs cgs pk`zgs y ueg v`z ikegckzglg `stg cg afetgafs pr`stgelf cg açxkag gt`emkýe. \flfs cfs `qukpfs pkmglf f trkturglf s` utkckzgrçe `xtr`agelf cgs pr`mgumkfe`s, l`smfe`mtçelfcg sk`apr` qu` ef s` us`.
70<
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
Peg skapc` cgtg l` mfes`rvg `s ue pft`emkgc rk`sof l` mfrtg ske ef s` tfage cgs l`hklgs pr`mgumkfe`s. ^grg ghrkr ueg cgtg prka`rf l`h`afs `vktgr gm`rmgr cfs l`lfs g cg tgpg f gc hfrl` l` gp`rturg, sud`tgelf cg cgtg pfr cfs hfrl`s pgrg `vktgr ue mfrt`. Ftrg iu`et` l` mfrt`s tgahkëe pu`l` surokr l` cfs vgsfs, mfpgs f pcgtfs qu` pr`s`et`e ue l`i`mtf f l`sp`ri`mtf. @e `c prfm`sf l` s`mglf s` l`h` utkckzgr pgp`c l`s`mbghc` qu` gl`açs efs prft`o`rç l` ue pfskhc` mfrt`.
i. Wu`aglurgs Wu`ag lurgs `e cg mfmkeg ]`oôe cgs `stglástkmgs l` cgs autugs cghfrgc`s cgs qu`aglurgs sfe cg prkemkpgc mgulg l` skek`strgcklgl cghfrgc l`etrf l`c s`mtfr l` r`stgurgmkýe. Cg prka`g gmtugmkýe ir`et` g ueg qu`aglurg `s r`lumkr `c mfetgmtf `etr` cg iu`et` l` mgcfr y cg pk`c utkckzgelf ouget`s prft`mtfr`s prft`mtfr`s.. Cgs qu`aglurgs pu`l`e s`r mgusglgs pfr mgcfr s`mf (mfaf `c iu`of), pfr mgcfr bôa`lf (mfaf vgpfr f cáquklfs mgck`et`s), pfr rglkgmkýe, irkmmkýe, fhd`tfs mgck`et`s, `c sfc, rglkgmkýe, `c`mtrkmklgl f sustgemkgs quáakmgs. Cgs qu`aglurgs tërakmgs sfe cgs açs mfaue`s y fmurr`e mugelf a`tgc`s mgck`et`s, cáquklfs bkrvk`et`s, vgpfr f ccgags `etrge `e mfetgmtf mfe cg pk`c. pk `c. Cgs qu`aglurgs l` cgs vágs r`spkrgtfrkgs pu`l`e s`r mgusglgs pfr kebgcgmkýe l` buaf, vgpfr, gkr` sfhr`mgc`etglf f vgpfr`s týxkmfs, go`et`s quáakmfs usglfs kemfrr`mtga`et` f `e `spgmkfs pfmf v`etkcglfs. Cfs gmmkl`et`s tërakmfs qu` s` prflum`e açs ir`mu`et`a`et` `e cgs mfmkegs sfe l`hklf gc orge eôa`rf l` iu`et`s l` mgcfr y cg `xpfskmkýe mfestget` l` cfs mfmke`rfs g `c`a`etfs sýcklfs, cáquklfs sfa`tklfs g gctgs t`ap`rgturgs.
• Mgusgs @etr` tflfs cfs gmmkl`et`s l`stgmge4 @xpfskmkýe gc vgpfr ^grg `vktgr qu`aglurgs f `smgclglurgs `s l` vktgc kapfrtgemkg mfaprfhgr get`s l` ghrkr ue gpgrgtf l` mfmmkýe qu` bgyg `xpucsglf tflg cg pr`skýe, gc`dçelfs` cf pfskhc` l` cg sgcklg l` vgpfr qu` pu`lg frkokegrs` pgrg `vktgr qu`aglurgs `e hrgzfs y mgrg. Cáquklfs bkrvk`elf ]k`apr` qu` s` utkckm`e gcka`etfs gc ka`etfs mgck`et`s f cáquklfs s` l`h` l `h` `xtr`agr cgs pr`mgumkfe`s, trghgdgelf mfe mumbgrfe`s, `spçtucgs y `spuagl`rgs l`c tgag÷f gl`muglf. Mfaf a`lklg l` pr`mgumkýe tflfs ageofs l` sgrt`e`s, mgm`rfcgs y fccgs l`h`e `stgr frk`etglgs bgmkg l`etrf pgrg `vktgr qu` mugcquk`r gmmkl`et` qu` s` p u`lg frkokegr @s r`mfa`elghc` aget`e`r aumbf muklglf mfe `c gm`kt`, aget`ekëelfcf `e t`ap`rgturgs ýptkags ske qu` tfa` t`ap`rgturgs `xm`skvgs qu` pu`lge prfvfmgr ue kem`elkf.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
700
`lktfrkgc } m`p
@s kapfrtget` t`e`r muklglf mfe `c goug qu` qu ` mfetk`e`e cfs gcka`etfs get`s l` ketrflumkrcf `e `c r`mkpk`et` mfe gm`kt` l`stkeglf g su `cghfrgmkýe. ^fr `ccf cfs gcka`etfs l`h`e ketrflumkrs` `e gm`kt` mfe suaf muklglf, utkckzgelf pkezgs f ut`eskckfs `sp`mkgckzglfs pgrg `ccf. \gahkëe `e fmgskfe`s `c gm`kt` l` ueg sgrtëe pu`l` kem`elkgrs`, get` `stg sktugmkýe cf prka`rf `s aget`e`r cg mgcag, gpgogelf cg iu`et` l` mgcfr, muhrk`elf mfe ueg tgpgl`rg cg sgrtëe f ir`klfrg f `e mgsf l` qu` `stg a`lklg s`g kesuikmk`et` usgafs cg agetg koeáiuog qu` lkspfe`afs `e cg mfmkeg `xtr`agelf cgs pr`mgumkfe`s l` ueg sktugmkýe mfaf `stg. L` `stg age`rg `ckakegafs `c fxáo`ef uef l` cfs tr`s igmtfr`s kapr`smkelkhc`s pgrg cg mfahustkýe `e `c trkçeoucf l` iu`of qu` b`afs bghcglf get`rkfra`et`. ]k `c iu`of bg tfaglf tket`s açs s`v`rfs s` l`h` gvksgr gc s`rvkmkf l` `a`ro`emkg. @e `c mgsf l` cgs ir`klfrgs, `s kapfrtget` mfetrfcgr qu` `c gm`kt` t` `emu`etr` `etr` `c ekv`c açxkaf y `c ekv`c aáekaf kelkmglf pfr `c ighrkmget` pgrg gsá aget`e`r `c igmtfr l` rk`sof açs mfetrfcglf. @c prfi`skfegc qu` age`d` cg ir`klfrg l`h` m`rmkfrgrs` qu` cg ir`klfrg iuemkfeg mfrr`mtga`et`, mfaprfhgelf qu` `c t`rafstgtf `stç hk`e r`oucglf pgrg `vktgr qu` pu`lg prflumkr ue kem`elkf. Mfaf a`lklg pr`v`etkvg `s l` orge kapfrtgemkg gc ckapkgr cg ir`klfrg, l`s`embuigrcg get`s l` prfm`l`r gc vgmkglf y sk`apr` s` l`h` `sp`rgr g qu` `c gm`kt` `stë iráf pgrg trgesvgsgrcf gc hklýe l` r`mfoklg l` r`sklufs pgrg `vktgr ue igmtfr l` rk`sof. \rgespfrt` l` fhd`tfs mgck`et`s @s kapfrtget` cg utkckzgmkýe l` `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe gl`muglfs kelkvklugc`s (ouget`s, ageouktfs, agefpcgs) pgrg prft`o`rs` l` pfskhc`s qu`aglurgs gc agekpucgr r`mkpk`et`s mgck`et`s. ]k cg qu`aglurg s` prflum` pfr ue cáquklf mgck`et` cf prka`rf `s quktgr cg rfpg pgrg `vktgr agyfr`s mfes`mu`emkgs gc gmmkl`etglf. Wu`aglurgs pfr mfetgmtf @e mgsf l` qu`aglurgs fmgskfeglgs pfr `c mgcfr, `edugogr `e prka`r cuogr cg qu`aglurg ske irftgrcg sua`rok`elf cg qu`aglurg `e goug ir`smg (ef auy irág). Mfe ue t`dklf `stërkc l`h` s`mgrs` cg qu`aglurg sugv`a`et` y muhrkrcg. ]k `s ueg qu`aglurg c`v` cg murgafs mfe ueg pfaglg l`stkeglg g `s` ike y tgpgafs cg qu`aglurg. ]k cg orgv`lgl l` cg qu`aglurg `s r`c`vget` `s pr`mksf gmulkr kea`lkgtga`et` g ue aëlkmf. Ccgag lkr`mtg Mfaf a`lklg l` pr`mgumkýe cg ccgag sýcf l`h` `stgr `em`elklg mugelf `stç sk`elf utkckzglg pgrg gsá `vktgr ueg pfskhc` sktugmkýe l` rk`sof. Ef l`h` gm`rmgrs` ekeoôe agt`rkgc mfahustkhc` ek l`spcgzgr ueg ccgag l` ue sktkf g ftrf pgrg `vktgr ueg mfahustkýe f `xpcfskýe gmmkl`etgc. Wu`aglurgs `cëmtrkmgs Peg l` cgs p`fr`s qu`aglurgs y l` ue rk`sof auy `c`vglf sfe cgs qu`aglurgs `cëmtrkmgs.
709
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
@e mgsf l` `emfetrgrs` mfe ueg sktugmkýe gsá `s prkfrktgrkf l`smfe`mtgr rçpklga`et` cg `e`roág `cëmtrkmg, pgrg `vktgr ue eu`vf gmmkl`etglf. ^fr cf mugc ef s` l`h` tfmgr euemg g ueg vámtkag l` ue gmmkl`et` `cëmtrkmf bgstg qu` s` bgyg gs`ourglf cg l`smfe`xkýe `cëmtrkmg. [g gs`ourglf qu` `c rk`sof `stç mfetrfcglf, l`h`afs mfaprfhgr sk cg vkmtkag r`spkrg y sk tk`e` `c pucsf r`oucgr.
• L`ikekmkýe l` cgs qu`aglurgs @xkst`e tr`s ekv`c`s l` qu`aglurgs4 - Wu`aglurgs l` prka`r orglf4 gi`mtge sýcf cg mgpg `xt`rkfr `xt`rkfr l` cg pk`c y mgusge lfcfr, `erfd`mkak`etf ` keicgagmkýe. - Wu`aglurgs l` s`ouelf orglf (`sp`sfr pgrmkgc)4 gi`mtge tgetf cg mgpg `xt`reg mfaf cg mgpg suhygm`et` l` cg pk`c, prflumk`elf lfcfr, `erfd`mkak`etf, keicgagmkýe y gapfccgs. - Wu`aglurgs l` t`rm`r orglf orglf (`sp`sfr (`sp`sfr mfapc`tf)4 s` `xtk`el`e bgstg t`dklfs açs prfiuelfs, prflumk`elf ueg pk`c l` mfcfrgmkýe hcgequ`mkeg, fsmurg f mgrhfekzglg qu` pu`l` `stgr `etua`mklg.
• Mfeskl`rgmkfe`s o`e`rgc`s l` ueg qu`aglurg Get`s l` glakekstrgr cfs prka`rfs guxkckfs, s` l`h` `vgcugr cg `xt`eskýe l` cgs qu`aglurgs l` cg vámtkag y trgtgr l` l`t`rakegr cg prfiuelklgl l`c çr`g l` agyfr orgv`lgl, pgrg `etfem`s trgtgrcg tflg gl`muglga`et`. @e mgsf l` gcoueg lulg, ëstg l`h` s`r trgtglg mfaf sk iu`rg ueg qu`aglurg orgv`. Cg glakekstrgmkýe l` cfs prka`rfs guxkckfs get`s l` r`mkhkr gyulg aëlkmg prfi`skfegc pu`l` lksakeukr cg orgv`lgl l` cg qu`aglurg. Cg gt`emkýe aëlkmg fpfrtueg, `e cfs mgsfs l` qu`aglurgs orgv`s, pu`l` gyulgr g `vktgr cg mkmgtrkzgmkýe, lksmgpgmklgl y l`ifragmkfe`s. Cgs qu`aglurgs `e cg mgrg, cgs agefs, age fs, cfs pk`s y cfs o`ektgc`s pu`l`e s`r pgrtkmucgra`et` orgv`s. Cgs vámtkags a`efr`s l` < g÷fs f agyfr`s l` 9> tk`e`e ueg agyfr prfhghkcklgl l` mfapckmgmkfe`s y au`rt` g mgusg l` qu`aglurgs orgv`s. @e mgsf l` kem`elkf, cgs p`rsfegs `stçe `e rk`sof l` `ev`e`egak`etf pfr afeýxklf l` mgrhfef y s` cgs l`h` `vgcugr sk pr`s`etge sáetfags mfaf lfcfr l` mgh`zg, `etua`mkak`etf, l`hkcklgl f lfcfr `e `c p`mbf.
• ]áetfags l` cgs qu`aglurgs - Gapfccgs - Lfcfr (`c orglf l` ëst` ef `stç r`cgmkfeglf r`cgmkfeglf mfe cg orgv`lgl l` cg qu`aglurg, yg yg qu` cgs qu`aglurgs açs orgv`s pu`l`e s`r kelfcfrgs) - ^`cglurgs `e cg pk`c - @erfd`mkak`etf l` cg pk`c
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
70?
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- ]bfmj4 s` s` l`h` fhs`rvgr sk bgy pgckl`z y pk`c irág y bôa`lg, l`hkcklgl, cghkfs y u÷gs gzucglgs y lksakeumkýe l` cg mgpgmklgl l` `stgr gc`rtg. - Keicgagmkýe - ^k`c hcgemg f mgrhfekzglg
M. Kestgcgmkfe`s l` mfmkeg y `qukpfs Pe hu`e lks`÷f l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s l` cg mfmkeg `s `c prka`r pgsf `e ueg orge cghfr pr`v`etkvg. @e `c lág g lág cgs mfelkmkfe`s l` mfes`rvgmkýe y sus mfelkmkfe`s l` s`ourklgl sfe cg mcgv` qu` keicuy` `e orge a`lklg `e cg pr`v`emkýe l` gmmkl`et`s y `ei`ra`lgl`s cghfrgc`s. ^fr `ccf `s kapfrtget` mfefm`r cfs p`ckorfs qu` efs rfl`ge `e cgs kestgcgmkfe`s. @c mfrr`mtf aget`ekak`etf l` cg kestgcgmkýe `cëmtrkmg, kestgcgmkfe`s l` ogs, cfs skst`ags l` v`etkcgmkýe y `xtrgmmkýe sfe ueg ogrgetág g suagr `e pfs l` cg s`ourklgl `e `c cuogr l` trghgdf.
L. Kestgcgmkfe`s `cëmtrkmgs \flgs cgs mfe`xkfe`s `cëmtrkmgs `e tflgs cgs zfegs l` trghgdf l` cg mfmkeg l`h`rçe `stgr s`pgrglgs y gkscglgs pgrg `vktgr `c rk`sof l` `xpcfskýe f kem`elkfs. @e cg mfe`xkýe l` cfs `qukpfs `cëmtrkmfs s` `vktgrç cg sfhr`mgrog l` cgs tfags l` mfrrk`et`, mfe `c`a`etfs mfaf –cglrfe`s‑, qu` sfe p`ckorfsáskafs `e ueg mfmkeg. ^fr cf mugc l`smgrtgafs sk`apr` mfe`mtgr vgrkfs `qukpfs g ue sfcf `embui`. ]k`apr` qu` s`g e`m`sgrkf l`smfe`mtgr cfs `qukpfs euemg s` l`h` tkrgr l`c mghc`, sk`apr` l` cg mcgvkdg pgrg `vktgr ue l`sogrrgak`etf `e `c mghc` y mfe `ccf ue prfhc`ag `cëmtrkmf. ]k ue lki`r`emkgc l` prft`mmkýe sgctg lurget` `c usf l` cfs `qukpfs l` trghgdf, s` l`h` gvksgr kea`lkgtga`et` gc r`spfesghc` l` zfeg pgrg qu` tfa` cgs a`lklgs fpfrtuegs pgrg sfcumkfegr `c prfhc`ag, ske skquk`rg p`esgr `e geucgr `c lki`r`emkgc yg qu` `ccf gmgrr`grág ueg sktugmkýe l` rk`sof auy `c`vglg. ]k`apr` qu` s` l`t`mt` gcoueg gefagcág `e cfs c fs `qukpfs l` trghgdf, sfhr`mgc`etgak`etf, ruklfs, l`sogrrfs, `tm. l`h`afs gpgogr `c `qukpf, s`÷gckzgelf `c p`ckorf l`c `qukpf l` trghgdf y gvksgelf kea`lkgtga`et` gc sup`rkfr. L`h`afs gpckmgr tfc`rgemkg m`rf `etr` goug y gpgrgtfs `cëmtrkmfs, lglf cfs kapr`vkskhc`s rk`sofs qu` pu`l`e frkokegrs` `e cg suag l` cfs lfs igmtfr`s. Mugelf `c `qukpf l` ckapk`zg `st` ckapkgelf cgs tfags l` mfrrk`et` f cfs gpgrgtfs sk`apr` l`h`afs m`rmkfrgrefs l` qu` cfs `qukpfs `stçe mfrr`mtga`et` gpgoglfs.
@. Kestgcgmkfe`s K estgcgmkfe`s l` ogs Ftrf l` cfs orgel`s igmtfr`s l` rk`sof sfe cgs kestgcgmkfe`s l` ogs, ^fr cf mugc `s auy kapfrtget` tgahkëe r`gckzgr r`vkskfe`s p`rkýlkmgs l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s l` ogs, l`sl` cgs tfags l` ogs, cfs mfelumtfs g cfs ifofe`s, mfaprfhgelf qu` cgs gh`rturgs l` v`etkcgmkýe `stçe `e hu`egs mfelkmkfe`s y ckhr`s l` fhstçmucfs.
702
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
@s l` vktgc kapfrtgemkg aget`e`r ue prftfmfcf l` r`vkskfe`s qu` r`vks` puetf pfr puetf tflfs cfs pgrça`trfs l` mgcklgl `e ue cuogr tge l`ckmglf mfaf ueg mfmkeg bfspktgcgrkg. Cg gmtktul l` cg cghfr buageg gyulgrg g mfetrfcgr `stfs pgrça`trfs l` rk`sof, tge skapc`s mfaf pgrg `em`el`r ue ifoýe, prka`rfs l`h` gprfxkagrs` cg ccgag gc ifoýe y l`spuës ghrkr cg ccgv` l` pgsf. @stgr gc`rtg y mfaprfhgr qu` cgs mfelummkfe`s l` ogs ef `stëe sfa`tklgs g gor`skfe`s a`mçekmgs f suirge gpcgstgak`etfs qu` pu`lge pfe`r `e rk`sof cg s`ourklgl l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s. @e fmgskfe`s mugelf s` mfmkege cáquklfs, `stfs pu`l`e r`hfsgr y gpgogr cg ccgag l`c qu`aglfr prfvfmgelf `smgp`s l` ogs. @e ueg sktugmkýe gsá ef s` l`h`e gmmkfegr cfs ket`rruptfr`s `cëmtrkmfs ek `em`el`lfr`s f m`rkccgs, skef l`h`r`afs prka`rf gs`ourgr cg zfeg `ckakegelf `e prka`r cuogr `c `smgp` y v`etkcgelf pgrg `vktgr ueg `xpcfskýe.
I. Y`etkcgmkýe y `xtrgmmkýe Cg l`hklg r`efvgmkýe l`c gkr` l`c ket`rkfr l` ueg mfmkeg `s kapfrtget` pgrg `vktgr cg pfskhc` gmuaucgmkýe l` ogs`s týxkmfs qu` pu`lge supfe`r ue orgv` rk`sof pgrg cg sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s. Cgs mgapgegs `xtrgmtfrgs l`h`e `stgr sktuglgs l` cg age`rg açs `ikmk`et`, cf açs m`rmg pfskhc` l`c ifmf `aksfr pgrg gua`etgr cg `i`mtkvklgl y `xtrg`r a`dfr cfs vgpfr`s l` gm`kt`, fcfr`s qu` s` o`e`rge `e ueg mfmkeg. L`h`e `stgr prfvkstgs l` ue ikctrf pgrg r`t`e`r cgs kapur`zgs y `st` l`h` s`r ckapkglf mfemk`ezulga`et` l` age`rg p`rkýlkmg. Mgh` l`mkr qu` tflgs cgs gp`rturgs y sgcklgs l` cg v`etkcgmkýe l`h`rçe `stgr ckhr`s l` fhstçmucfs y `e p`ri`mtgs mfelkmkfe`s.
O. Ckapk`zg @c lág g lág l` ueg mfmkeg mfecc`vg cg utkckzgmkýe l` eua`rfsfs prflumtfs y ut`eskckfs qu` bgm` e`m`sgrkf ue `strkmtf frl`e, ue mfrr`mtf aget`ekak`etf y ueg ýptkag ckapk`zg l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s. G cf cgrof l` ue s`rvkmkf l` mfmkeg `s e`m`sgrkf kr r`tkrgelf cfs r`stfs l` gcka`etfs f l`sp`rlkmkfs qu` s` pu`lge mg`r gc su`cf pgrg `vktgr `c rk`sof l` r`shgcfe`s f mgálgs. ]k s` l`rrgag orgsg f gm`kt` `e `c su`cf, `s prkfrktgrkf ckapkgrcf kea`lkgtga`et`, mfcfmgelf ueg s`÷gc l` glv`rt`emkg l` qu` `c su`cf `stg afdglf. Gc r`gckzgr cgs tgr`gs l` ckapk`zg s` utkckzge prflumtfs quáakmfs l`h`afs `xtr`agr cgs pr`mgumkfe`s yg qu` ue agekpucglf kemfrr`mtf pu`l` fmgskfegr afc`stkgs f c`skfe`s l` vgrkfs tkpfs, pfr mfetgmtf, pfr sgcpkmglurgs, pfr kebgcgmkýe l` ogs`s efmkvfs, mfrrfskvfs f krrktget`s.
B. Mfeskl`rgmkf Mfeskl`rgmkfe`s e`s `e pr`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs cghfrgc`s - C``r cgs kestrummkfe`s l` usf l` tflfs cfs prflumtfs l` ckapk`zg mfe cfs mugc`s s` trghgdg. @s kapfrtget` gpr`el`rs` tflg cg keifragmkýe l` cgs ikmbgs tëmekmgs qu` gmfapg÷ge g cfs prflumtfs l` ckapk`zg. @e `ccfs gpgr`m`rçe tflfs cfs l`tgcc`s l` cgs mgt`ofrágs l` p`ckorf `xkst`et`s.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
70;
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- @vktgr cfs trgesvgs`s l` cfs prflumtfs, aget`ekëelfcfs sk`apr` sk`apr` `e `c `evgs` frkokegc. ]k `c trgesvgs` `s ke`vktghc`, ef l`h`e utkckzgrs` euemg ekeoôe ue r`mkpk`et` skakcgr gc l` mugcquk`r gcka`etf pgrg `vktgr pfskhc`s mfeiuskfe`s, `tkqu`tgelf mfrr`mtga`et` mfrr`mtga`et` `c eu`vf `evgs`. ^grg `vktgr `e cg a`lklg l` cf pfskhc` `c trgesvgs` s` pu`l` r`mfa`elgr g cg o`stkýe cg mfaprg l` `evgs`s l` ifragtf açs r`lumklf. - Cfs `evgs`s l`h`e `stgr `stgr hk`e m`rrglfs, ckapkgelf kea`lkgtga`et` cfs pfskhc`s pfskhc`s l`rrga`s qu` s` pu`lge prflumkr `e ue afa`etf lglf. - @s e`m`sgrkf e`m`sgrkf lkspfe`r l` ue gcagmëe gcagmëe `sp`máikmf `sp`máikmf pgrg gcagm`egr gcagm`egr cfs prflumtfs l` ckapk`zg y l`skei`mmkýe, aget`ek`elf sk`apr` gc`dglfs cfs gcka`etfs l` cfs prflumtfs l` bkok`e`. - @apc`gr sk`apr` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe prft`mmkýe gc utkckzgr cfs prflumtfs quáakmfs, tgc`s mfaf ageouktfs, ogigs, ouget`s l` e`fpr`ef... @tm. - Bgy qu` `xtr`agr cgs pr`mgumkfe`s pr`mgumkfe`s sk s` lfskikmge lfskikmge cfs prflumtfs l` ckapk`zg. ]k s` r`gckzg ueg a`zmcg l` ue `c`a`etf çmklf mfe goug, s` l`h` lkcukr `c çmklf sfhr` `c goug pgrg `vktgr qu` s` prfluzmge sgcpkmglurgs f r`gmmkfe`s vkfc`etgs sk `c prfm`sf s` r`gckzg gc r`vës. - Ef a`zmcgr a`zmcgr dgaçs ekeoôe prflumtf l` ckapk`zg, yg qu` cgs r`gmmkfe`s r`gmmkfe`s pu`l`e pu`l`e s`r kapr`vkskhc`s, pulk`elf mgusgr kemcusf cg au`rt`. - Mfe `c ike l` `vktgr ue rk`sof l` kem`elkf f `xpcfskýe l`h`afs l`h`afs aget`e`r c`dfs cfs prflumtfs keicgaghc`s l` iu`et`s pft`emkgc`s l` mgcfr.
K. Mfefmkak`et Mfefmkak`etf f l` cfs `c`a`etfs l` ueg mfmkeg L`hklf g cg auctktul l` `qukpfs utkckzglfs `e cgs mfmkegs, `s e`m`sgrkf mfefm`r `c usf `sp`máikmf s`oôe mglg ighrkmget` l` cfemb`glfrgs, hgtklfrgs, trkturglfrgs, bfrefs, `xprkaklfrgs, pkmglfrgs, `tm. @c mfefmkak`etf `sp`máikmf l` mglg açqukeg gyulgrg g `vktgr cfs p fskhc`s gmmkl`et`s prflumklfs pfr su usf, mfefmk`elf gsá cfs rk`sofs l`c `qukpgak`etf y cgs a`lklgs l` pr`mgumkýe g tfagr. @s kapfrtget` qu` cfs `qukpfs l` mfmkeg `stëe mfrr`mtga`et` sud`tfs sud`tfs pgrg `vktgr qu` s` l`spcgm`e pfr cgs vkhrgmkfe`s prflumklgs lurget` su utkckzgmkýe, sk`elf r`mfa`elghc` qu` `stëe `e zfegs p`ri`mtga`et` `stulkglgs y pr`pgrglgs pgrg `ccf. Mglg ighrkmget` agrmgrg uegs kelkmgmkfe`s l` usf cg muçc l`h`afs t`e`r `e mu`etg pgrg su usf.
D. ^gutgs l` prftfmfcf prftfmfcfss l` s`ourklgl gl`muglfs `e `c usf l` cfs `qukpfs l` mfmkeg - Cfs gmm`sfrkfs gmm`sfrkfs y r`mgahkfs mfaf mumbkccgs mumbkccgs l` mfrt`, mfrt`, rflkccfs, rflkccfs, mumbkccfs l`h`e ougrlgrs` prft`ok`elf sus mumbkccgs y `e cuogr`s r`sougrlglfs. - L`h`e utkckzgrs` sk`apr` cgs prft`mmkfe`s l` tflfs cfs `c`a`etfs `c`a`etfs l` mfrt` y pk`zgs a`mçekmgs. - Cgs açqukegs ef l`h`e agekpucgrs` mugelf `stçe `e iuemkfegak`etf. - Gc agekpucgr cfs gcka`etfs `e mgck`et` l`h`afs usgr cfs `c`a`etfs l` prft`mmkýe l` cgs agefs l` ikhrg. - @e `c mgsf l` utkckzgr açqukegs trkturglfrgs trkturglfrgs sk`apr` utkckzgr `c `c `apudglfr.
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`lktfrkgc } m`p
9. A@LKLG] ^X@Y@ ^X@Y@E\KYG] E\KYG] G GLF^\GX ^FX @C ^@X]FEG ^@X]FEGC C L@ CG] ÇX@G] L@ MFMKEG, GCAGMËE, CKA^K@TG [ CGYGEL@XÁG 9.7 ^r`v`emkfe`s `e `c çr`g l` mfmkeg @e cf r`i`r`et` g `stg agt`rkg, efs r`aktkafs g cf yg ge gckzglf `e `c `páorgi` 0 l` `st` aksaf t`ag.
9.8 ^r`v`emkfe`s `e `c çr`g l` gcagmëe G. Mgrgmt`rástkmgs mfestrumtkvgs l`c gcagmëe @stgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs l`h`e ogrgetkzgr cg s`ourklgl l` cfs trghgdglfr`s get` pfskhc`s r`shgcfe`s y mgálgs, mbfqu`s f ofcp`s mfetrg fhd`tfs, l`rruahgak`etfs f mgálgs l` agt`rkgc`s sfhr` cfs trghgdglfr`s. ]fe4 - Cgs kestgcgmkfe`s l` cfs gcagm`e`s l`h`e s`r s`r s`ourgs get` rk`sofs `cëmtrkmfs y vkhrgmkfe`s, gsá mfaf ir`et` g rk`sofs l` mgálgs, mbfqu`s mfetrg fhd`tfs f l`spcfa`s f mgálgs l`c agt`rkgc gcagm`eglf. - @c lks`÷f l`c gcagmëe l`h`rç igmkcktgr cg `vgmugmkýe rçpklg y s`ourg s`ourg l`c cfmgc `e sktugmkfe`s l` `a`ro`emkg, `sp`mkgca`et` `e mgsf l` kem`elkfs. - Cfs `lkikmkfs `lkikmkfs y cfmgc`s l` cfs cuogr`s l` trghgdf l`h`rçe l` pfs``r cg `strumturg `strumturg y sfckl`z sfckl`z suikmk`et` suikmk`et` pgrg su tkpf l` utkckzgmkýe. Cgs pcgtgifrags l` trghgdf y `smgc`rgs l` agef l`h`rçe s`r gl`muglgs pgrg `c usf gc qu` vge g s`r sfa`tklfs y t`e`r skst`ag l` graglf, sud`mkýe f gpfyf qu` gs`our` su `stghkcklgl. Ef s` l`h`rçe sfhr`mgrogr `stfs `c`a`etfs. - Cgs lka`eskfe`s l` cfs cfmgc`s cfmgc`s l`h`e s`r suikmk`et`s pgrg p`raktkr ue gmm`sf gmm`sf içmkc y s`ourf g cfs agt`rkgc`s gcagm`eglfs, gsá mfaf ueg mkrmucgmkýe icuklg `e su ket`rkfr, l`hk`elf ogrgetkzgr cg gus`emkg l` rk`sofs pgrg cg sgcul y cg s`ourklgl l` cfs trghgdglfr`s y qu` pu`lge l`sgrrfccgr su cghfr `e uegs mfelkmkfe`s `rofeýakmgs gl`muglgs. - Cg gcturg l`c pksf gc t`mbf l`h` s`r gc a`efs, = a, sk hk`e, `stgs `stgs lka`eskfe`s pflráge s`r l` 8,0 a mfaf açxkaf `e `c mgsf l` s`rvkmkfs, fikmkegs y l`spgmbfs. L`h`rçe mfrr`spfel`r g mglg trghgdglfr 8 a¸ l` `spgmkf pgrg l`sgrrfccgr su cghfr y l`h`rçe `xkstkr 7> a ¸ ef fmupglfs pfr `c trghgdglfr. - Cgs zfegs `e cgs qu` `xkstg `c rk`sof l` mgálg, mgálg l` fhd`tfs, y mfetgmtf f `xpfskmkýe g `c`a`etfs efmkvfs, l`h`rçe `stgr s`÷gckzglgs y s` tfagrçe cgs a`lklgs gl`muglgs pgrg cg prft`mmkýe l`c trghgdglfr, kapklkëelfs` `e cg a`lklg l` cf c f pfskhc`, `c gmm`sf g p`rsfegc ef gutfrkzglf. - Cfs su`cfs l`h`rçe s`r ikdfs, `stghc`s y ef r`shgcglkzfs. ]` l`h`rçe prft`o`r cfs l`sekv`c`s y gh`rturgs mfe hgrgelkccgs l` agt`rkgc`s ráoklfs f skakcgr`s, l` ueg gcturg, aáekag l` ;> ma qu` kapklge `c pgsf f l`sckzgak`etf l` p`rsfegs f mfsgs pfr l`hgdf l` `ccgs, pulk`elf s`r aývkc`s `e mgsf l` e`m`sklgl, l`h`rç t`e`rs` `sp`mkgc muklglf `e cg prft`mmkýe l` gp`rturgs `e `c su`cf (sýtgefs) y `e cgs pgr`l`s f tghkqu`s (au`cc`s l` mgrog). - Cfs tghkqu`s tghkqu`s trgespgr`et`s trgespgr`et`s f trgescômklfs l`h`rçe `stgr `stgr mcgrga`et` s`÷gckzglfs, `sp`mkgca`et` `sp`mkgca`et` sk s` `emu`etrge m`rmg l` cfs pu`stfs l` trghgdf f `e cgs vágs l` trçesktf l` cgs a`rmgemágs. Cgs v`etgegs y vgefs l` kcuakegmkýe l`h`rçe pfl`r ckapkgrs` ck apkgrs` l` ifrag s`ourg. Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
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`lktfrkgc } m`p
- Cgs vágs l` mkrmucgmkýe mkrmucgmkýe l` cfs cuogr`s l` trghgdf, trghgdf, tgetf cgs sktuglgs `e `c `xt`rkfr l` cfs `lkikmkfs y cfmgc`s mfaf `e `c ket`rkfr l` cfs aksafs, kemcuklgs cgs pu`rtgs, pgskccfs, `smgc`rgs, `smgc`rgs ikdgs, rgapgs y au`cc`s l` mgrog, l`h`rçe pfl`r utkckzgrs` mfeifra` g su usf pr`vkstf, l` ifrag içmkc y s`ourg.
]`÷gc`s l` glv`rt`emkg
]`÷gc`s l` fhckogmkýe
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`lktfrkgc } m`p
H. Frl`e, ckapk`zg y aget`ek aget`ekak`etf ak`etf - Cgs zfegs l` pgsf, sgcklgs y vágs vágs l` mkrmucgmkýe mkrmucgmkýe l` cfs cuogr`s l` trghgdf y, `e `sp`mkgc, `sp`mkgc, cgs sgcklgs y vágs l` mkrmucgmkýe pr`vkstgs pgrg cg `vgmugmkýe `e mgsfs l` `a`ro`emkg, l`h`e p`rage`m`r ckhr`s l` fhstçmucfs. - Cfs cuogr`s cuogr`s l` trghgdfs, kemcuklfs cfs cfmgc`s l` s`rvkmkf, s`rvkmkf, y sus sus r`sp`mtkvfs r`sp`mtkvfs `qukpfs ` kestgcgmkfe`s, kestgcgmkfe`s, s` ckapkgrçe p`rkýlkmga`et` y sk`apr` qu` s`g e`m`sgrkf pgrg aget`e`rcfs `e tflf afa`etf `e mfelkmkfe`s bkokëekmgs gl`muglgs. Cgs pgr`l`s y sup`rikmk`s l`h`e s`r cksgs, l` agt`rkgc cgvghc` y l` içmkc ckapk`zg.
M. Mfelkmkfe`s gahk`etgc`s l` cfs cuogr`s l` trghgdf Lkmbgs mfelkmkfe`s l`h`e s`r4 - Cg `xpfskmkýe `xpfskmkýe g cgs mfelkmkfe`s gahk`etgc`s gahk`etgc`s l` cfs cuogr`s l` trghgdf ef l`h` supfe`r ue rk`sof pgrg cg sgcul l` cfs c fs trghgdglfr`s. - \gapfmf l`h`e l`h`e s` afc`stkg pgrg cfs trghgdglfr`s, trghgdglfr`s, pgrg `ccf l`h` `vktgrs` cgs t`ap`rgturgs t`ap`rgturgs y cgs bua`lgl`s `xtr`ags, cfs mgahkfs hrusmfs l` t`ap`rgturg, cgs mfrrk`et`s l` gkr` afc`stgs, cfs fcfr`s l`sgorglghc`s, cg krrglkgmkýe `xm`skvg y, `e pgrtkmucgr, cg rglkgmkýe sfcgr g trgvës l` v`etgegs, cum`s f tghkqu`s gmrkstgcglgs. - Cfs cfmgc`s l` trghgdf trghgdf m`rrglfs m`rrglfs l`h`e muapckr cgs skouk`et`s mfelkmkfe`s gahk`etgc`s4 ¿
Cg t`ap`rgturg t`ap`rgturg l` cfs cfmgc`s lfel` s` r`gckm`e trghgdfs trghgdfs s`l`etgrkfs s`l`etgrkfs l` fikmkegs f skakcgr`s l`h`r s`r `etr` 7? y 8? ¾M. Cg t`ap`rgturg l` cfs cfmgc`s lfel` s` r`gckm` trghgdfs cko`rfs l`h`rç `stgr mfapr`elklg `etr` 7<-80 ¾M.
¿
Cg bua`lgl r`cgtkvg `stgrç mfapr`elklg `etr` => y ?>%.
¿
Cg mfrrk`et` mfrrk`et` l` gkr` l`p`el`rç l`p`el`rç l`c trghgdf4 trghgdfs trghgdfs `e gahk`et` ef mgcurfsfs: >,80 a/s. trghg dfs s`l`etgrkfs `e gahk`et`s mgcurfsfs: >,0a/s. trghgdfs ef s`l`etgrkfs `e gahk`et`s mgcurfsfs: >,?0 a/s.
¿
]` `stghc`m`rçe cfs mkrmuktfs e`m`sgrkfs pgrg cg r`efvgmkýe l`c gkr` l`c gcagmëe s`oôe sus lka`eskfe`s, usf y mfelkmkfe`s mckaçtkmgs l` cg zfeg s`oôe cg efragtkvg vko`et` pgrg `vktg `c gahk`et` vkmkglf y cfs fcfr`s l`sgorglghc`s. @c m`rrgak`etf tërakmf l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s gl`muglgs mfaf gcagm`e`s l`h`rç glgptgrs` g cg zfeg mckaçtkmg `e cg qu` s` `emu`etrge.
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]` l`h` t`e`r `e `e mu`etg `c ruklf l`c gcagmëe, `et`elk`elf mfaf ruklf gc `stáaucf sfefrf kel`s`glf, l`sgorglghc` y qu` pu`l` frkokegr `i`mtfs trguaçtkmfs (c`skfe`s `e cfs ýrogefs gulktkvfs), ef trguaçtkmfs (lksiuemkýe t`apfrgc l` cfs uahrgc`s l` gulkmkýe y ftrfs s`etklfs) y pskmfcýokmfs. @c ruklf pu`l` gua`etgr cg pfskhkcklgl l` `rrfr`s y cg lksakeumkýe l`c r`elkak`etf. ]k s` sup`rge cfs 20lH, `c trghgdglfr l`h` usgr `c`a`etfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc (@^K).
¿
Cg C`y 82/8>>0, l` 89 l` lkmk`ahr` l` a`lklgs sgektgrkgs ir`et` gc tghgquksaf y cg c`y <8/8>7>, l` getktghgmf, prfbáh`e iuagr `e m`etrf, s`rvkmkfs f `stghc`mkak`etfs sgektgrkfs.
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Cg kcuakegmkýe l` mglg zfeg zfeg l`h`rç glgptgrs` g cgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs l` cg gmtkvklgl gmtkvklgl qu` s` r`gckzg `e `ccg, t`ek`elf `e mu`etg4 cfs rk`sofs pgrg cg s`ourklgl y sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s l`p`elk`et`s l` cgs mfelkmkfe`s l` vkskhkcklgl y cgs `xko`emkgs vksugc`s l` cgs tgr`gs l`sgrrfccglgs.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
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`lktfrkgc } m`p
L. Mgrgmt`r Mgrgmt`rástkmgs ástkmgs l` cgs zfegs l`c gcagmëe Cgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs iáskmgs l`h`e s`r cgs skouk`et`s4 - Cg `etrglg `etrglg l` a`rmgemágs s`rç kel`p`elk`et` kel`p`elk`et` l`c r`stf l` gmm`sfs gmm`sfs gc s`rvkmkf. - @c çr`g l` r`m`pmkýe r`m`pmkýe l` a`rmgemágs `stgrç lki`r`emkglg l` cg l` gcagm`egak`etf. gcagm`egak`etf. - Cg sup`rikmk` l`c gcagmëe `stgrç mfelkmkfeglg pfr `c eôa`rf l` mgags, cg ir`mu`emkg l` p`lklfs, cg sktugmkýe o`forçikmg y sk, gl`açs s` lksp`esg agt`rkgc sgektgrkf. - @c gcagmëe lkspfelrç l` ue skst`ag skst`ag r`oucglfr l` cg t`ap`rgturg gahk`et` pgrg ogrgetkzgr cg mfes`rvgmkýe l` cfs içragmfs. - Cfs prflumtfs gcagm`eglfs (agt`rkgc sgektgrkf, sustgemkgs, `sp`mkgcklgl `sp`mkgcklgl`s `s igragmëutkmgs, `tm.) `stgrçe s`pgrglfs y l`hklga`et` mcgskikmglfs. - Cg zfeg l` gcagmëe l` a`lkmga`etfs t`elrç qu` `stgr lkr`mtga`et` mfauekmglg mfe cg zfeg l` r`okstrf, pr`pgrgmkýe y lksp`esgmkýe l` cgs ýrl`e`s aëlkmgs. - Bghrç ue cuogr lfel` s` ogrgetkm`e cgs mfelkmkfe`s l` s`ourklgl l` cfs prflumtfs keicgaghc`s. - Bghrç ue cuogr lfel` s` ogrgetkm`e ogrgetkm`e cgs mfelkmkfe`s l` s`ourklgl s`ourklgl pgrg `c gcagm`egak`etf gcagm`egak`etf l` cfs prflumtfs y `sp`mkgcklgl`s l` `stup`igmk`et`s y pskmýtrfpfs. - Bghrç ue cuogr lfel` s` ogrgetkzgrç cgs mfelkmkfe`s l` t`ap`rgturg pgrg mfes`rvgr cfs a`lkmga`etfs t`rafcçhkc`s. - @e cg zfeg l` hgsurgs, cfs r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs pfr pfr rk`sof l` mfetgakegmkýe hkfcýokmg f l` ftrf tkpf s` gcagm`egrçe `e r`mkpk`et`s b`raëtkmfs `sp`máikmfs pgrg `st` tkpf l` r`skluf y `stgrçe mfev`ek`et`a`et` s`÷gckzglfs. ]` t`elrçe `e mu`etg igmtfr`s gahk`etgc`s, gahk`etgc`s, cuz, bua`lgl y t`ap`rgturg, qu` s`rçe gl`muglfs y gmfrl`s mfe cgs lka`eskfe`s l` cfs cfmgc`s y l` cfs agt`rkgc`s gcagm`eglfs. - Cg cuz sfcgr gm`c`rg `c prfm`sf l` l`orglgmkýe l` aumbgs sustgemkgs (iftfs`eskhc`s), pfr `sf `s mfev`ek`et` l`dgr lkmbgs sustgemkgs `e sus `evgs`s frkokegc`s f `e su l`i`mtf utkckzgr `evgs`s qu` ogrgetkm`e su gcagm`egak`etf mfrr`mtf. - Cg bua`lgl gahk`etgc keicuy` `e cgs mfelkmkfe`s l` `stghkcklgl `stghkcklgl l` cfs a`lkmga`etfs. a`lkmga`etfs. Mfaf Mfaf pr`v`emkýe l`c `i`mtf l` cg bua`lgl s` tfage cgs skouk`et`s a`lklgs4 ¿
Ef gcagm`egr cfs grtámucfs `e mfetgmtf mfe pgr`l`s f aurfs.
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L`dgr ue `spgmkf `spgmkf ghk`rtf `etr` cfs grtámucfs y cg pgr`l. pgr`l.
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Lkspfe`r sfhr` `c `c su`cf uefs sfpfrt`s sfpfrt`s qu` lkst`e l` ëc gc a`efs uefs 8> ma.
Cg bua`lgl gahk`etgc gi`mtg açs g cfs prflumtfs quáakmfs y sustgemkgs a`lkmga`etfsgs a`lkmga`etfsgs qu` g cfs l`açs grtámucfs qu` s` gcagm`ege. - Cg t`ap`rgturg4 `s ue igmtfr auy kapfrtget`, l`hklf g qu` eua`rfsfs grtámucfs qu` s` gcagm`ege l`h`e `stgr g t`ap`rgturg r`oucglg. Cg t`ap`rgturg klýe`g l`c gcagmëe `s l` 8>-88 ¾M, p`rf bgy grtámucfs qu` s` l`t`rkfrge g `stg t`ap`rgturg gahk`et` (t`rafcçhkc`s).
Cgs t`ap`rgturgs l` mfes`rvgmkýe sfe4
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\`ap`rgturg gahk`et`4 `e tfref g 88 ¾M.
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Cuogr ir`smf4 t`ap`rgturg mfapr`elklg `etr` 2-70 ¾M.
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`lktfrkgc } m`p
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X`irko`rglf4 t`ap`rgturg mfapr`elklg `etr` 8-2 ¾M.
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Mfeo`cgmkýe4 t`ap`rgturg mfapr`elklg `etr` -7> y -8> ¾M.
L`h` `xkstkr ue prforgag l` ckapk`zg y aget`ekak`etf qu` ogrgetkm` uegs mfelkmkfe`s gl`muglgs l` bkok`e`, kemcuy`elf cg l`srgtkzgmkýe y l`skes`mtgmkýe.
9.= ^r`v`emkfe`s `e `c çahktf l` ckapk`zg @e cf r`i`r`et` g `stg agt`rkg, efs r`aktkafs g cf yg ge gckzglf `e `c `páorgi` 0 l` `st` aksaf t`ag.
9.< ^r`v`emkfe`s `e `c çr`g l` cgvgel`rág G mfetkeugmkýe, s` l`smrkh`e cfs rk`sofs açs kapfrtget`s g pr`v`ekr g cfs qu` `stçe `xpu`stfs cfs trghgdglfr`s `e `c s`rvkmkf l` cgvgel`rág y pcgembglf.
G. ]fhr``siu ] fhr``siu`rzfs. `rzfs. Igtkog pfsturgc @e `c s`rvkmkf l` Cgvgel`rág s` agekpucg orgel`s mgetklgl`s l` rfpg, (mgrogr y l`smgrogr mgrrfs, trgespfrt`, gcka`etgmkýe l` tôe`c l` cgvglf y l` pcgembglf, `tm.) s` l`h`e t`e`r `e mu`etg cgs skouk`et`s r`mfa`elgmkfe`s4 - Cg agekpucgmkýe y trgespfrt` trgespfrt` l` mgrogs s` s` r`gckzgrç utkckzgelf mgrrfs f trgespgc`tgs gl`muglgs, sk su utkckzgmkýe ef iu`rg pfskhc`, cg agekpucgmkýe l` ifrag ageugc, s` r`gckzgrç trgespfrtgelf `c a`efr p`sf pfskhc`, aget`ek`elf cg `spgclg r`mtg y cg mgrog m`rmg l`c mu`rpf, ske r`gckzgr okrfs l`c trfemf. Ptkckzg cg iu`rzg l` cgs pk`regs, pgrg `ccf ic`xkfeg cgs rflkccgs. - @e cfs mgsfs mgsfs `e cfs qu` cg mgrog s`g l` p`sf p`sf kapfrtget` y ef s`g pfskhc` cg utkckzgmkýe l` gyulgs a`mçekmgs s` r`qu`rkrç cg mfcghfrgmkýe l` ftrfs trghgdglfr`s, y s` mffrlkegrçe cfs afvkak`etfs gc ueásfef. - @e cgs tgr`gs tgr`gs l` gcka`etgmkýe l`c tôe`c l` cgvglf, cgvglf, gsá mfaf `e cg r`tkrglg l` cg rfpg l`c tr`e l` pcgembglf s` `vktgrç mfo`r orgel`s mgetklgl`s l` rfpg g cg v`z. - @s a`dfr `apudgr cfs mgrrfs qu` tkrgr l` `ccfs. `ccfs. - ]` `vktgrçe `vktgrçe pfsturgs kegl`muglgs f ifrzglgs, prfmurgelf prfmurgelf `e cg a`lklg l` cf pfskhc`, gct`regr cgs tgr`gs g r`gckzgr (pfr `d`apcf, rftgr pfr cgs lkstketgs ]`mmkfe`s l`c ]`rvkmkf…)
H. Xk`sof hkfcýokmf - @xkst` rk`sof l` qu` `etr` cg rfpg sumkg qu` cc`og gc ]`rvkmkf l` Cgvgel`rág gpgr`zmge fhd`tfs puezget`s y mfrtget`s l`hklf g ueg kemfrr`mtg `ckakegmkýe pfr pgrt` l`c p`rsfegc sgektgrkf `e cgs çr`gs gskst`emkgc`s. @stg pfskhkcklgl s` v` kemr`a`etglg `e cfs ]`rvkmkfs Wukrôrokmfs (rfpg l` mfcfr v`rl`). - ^grg `vktgr pkembgrs` mfe `st` tkpf tkpf l` agt`rkgc agt`rkgc pft`emkgca`et` mfetgakeglf mfe agt`rkgc hkfcýokmf, `s fhckogtfrkf cg utkckzgmkýe l` ouget`s ]K@A^X@ `e cg zfeg l` sumkf. Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
790
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- ]k s` `emfetrgs` gcoôe `c`a`etf puezget` f mfrtget` `s `s pr`mksf `ckakegrcf ôekmga`et` `e mfet`e`lfr`s l` hkfs`ourklgl, gsá s` `vktgrç qu` ftrfs mfapg÷`rfs pu`lge suirkr ue gmmkl`et`. - @e mgsf l` kefmucgmkýe gmmkl`etgc, mfaueámgcf mfaueámgcf l` ifrag kea`lkgtg, g tu r`spfesghc` y pfet` `e mfetgmtf mfe `c ]`rvkmkf l` ^r`v`emkýe l` Xk`sofs Cghfrgc`s, f sk iu`rg e`m`sgrkf, mfe `c l` Pro`emkgs. - ]k ef s` sgh` l` quë s` s` `stç vgmueglf y prft`oklf, `s pr`mksf pfe`rs` `e mfetgmtf mugetf mugetf get`s mfe `c ]`rvkmkf l` ^r`v`emkýe l` Xk`sofs Cghfrgc`s.
M. Mgálg gc aksaf ekv`c, ofcp`s mfetrg fhd`tfs - @s pr`mksf pr`mksf utkckzgr mgczglf gl`muglf igmkcktglf pfr cg `apr`sg, y ef pksgr sfhr` sup`rikmk`s afdglgs y `e mgsf l` s`r kelksp`esghc` `xtr`ag cgs pr`mgumkfe`s. - Cgs zfegs l` pgsf l`h`e l`h`e `stgr ckhr`s l` fhstçmucfs qu` lkikmuct`e `c pgsf, pgsf, mfe cf qu` bghrág qu` `vktgr l`dgr mgrrfs l` trgespfrt` u ftrfs fhd`tfs `e zfegs l` pgsf.
L. ^rflumtfs quáakmfs @e cg agekpucgmkýe y gcagm`egak`etf l` r`mkpk`et`s qu` mfet`eoge prflumtfs quáakmfs, (l`t`ro`et`s, e`utrgckzget`s pgrg `c cgvglf, c`dág, `tm.) bgy qu` t`e`r auy `e mu`etg cg `tkqu`tg l`c `evgs` f mgdg, gsá mfaf cg ikmbg l` s`ourklgl l`c prflumtf sfhr` tflf `e mugetf g cgs r`mfa`elgmkfe`s l` gcagm`egak`etf y trgespfrt`. Get` mugcquk`r lulg, sfckmktgr cg keifragmkýe e`m`sgrkg l`c r`spfesghc` l`c ]`rvkmkf.
@. Mfetgmtf tërakmf Cgs kestgcgmkfe`s y agqukegs kestgcglgs `e `st` ]`rvkmkf s` `emu`etrge sfa`tklfs g ueg t`ap`rgturg `c`vglg (vgpfr l` goug), pulk`elf prfvfmgr qu`aglurgs. Bgy qu` `xtr`agr cg pr`mgumkýe, y ef tfmgr cgs açqukegs iu`rg l` cgs zfegs bghkcktglgs l` trghgdf.
I. Açqukegs `e o`e`rgc - Cfs trghgdfs trghgdfs l` aget`ekak`etf `sp`máikmf `sp`máikmf l` cg kestgcgmkýe cf r`gckzgrç ôekmga`et` ôekmga`et` `c p`rsfegc gutfrkzglf l`c ]`rvkmkf l` Aget`ekak`etf.
799
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- ]` l`h`rçe l`h`rçe l`smfe`mtgr l`smfe`mtgr cgs açqukegs l` cg iu`et` `cëmtrkmg `cëmtrkmg pgrg r`gckzgr mugcquk`r tkpf l` trghgdf l` aget`ekak`etf rutkegrkf mfaprfhgelf cg ke`xkst`emkg l` `e`roágs r`sklugc`s p`ckorfsgs y tfagelf cgs a`lklgs e`m`sgrkgs pgrg `vktgr su pu`stg `e agrmbg f mfe`xkýe gmmkl`etgc ak`etrgs s` `stç `i`mtugelf cg fp`rgmkýe. - Get`s l` pfe`r `e agrmbg mugcquk`r agqukegrkg, mfaprfhgr qu` cgs prft`mmkfe`s y mfelkmkfe`s mfelkmkfe`s l` usf sfe cgs gl`muglgs y qu` su mfe`xkýe f pu`stg `e agrmbg ef r`pr`s`etg ue p`ckorf pgrg t`rm`rfs. - Ef fcvklgr pfe`r tflgs cgs prft`mmkfe`s prft`mmkfe`s l` eu`vf get`s l` pfe`r `e agrmbg cg açqukeg sk pfr aftkvfs l` aget`ekak`etf f ckapk`zg bg sklf e`m`sgrkf e `m`sgrkf r`tkrgrcgs. r`tkrgrcgs. - @e trghgdfs mfe açqukegs, cg rfpg l`h` `stgr –hk`e `etgccglg‑ y ef usgr pucs`rgs y ftrfs glfrefs l` age`rg qu` ef pu`lgs qu`lgr gtrgpglf.
O. Xuklf ]k s` utkckzg agqukegrkg qu` o`e`rg ue ekv`c l` ruklf kapfrtget` y gsá s` bg l`t`rakeglf `e cg @vgcugmkýe l` Xk`sofs `s pr`mksf utkckzgr prft`mtfr` prft`mtfr`ss gulktkvfs.
B. Lksmfeifrt ” `strës tërakmf - @e `c ]`rvkmkf l` Cgvgel`rág s` pu`l`e lgr mfelkmkfe`s gahk`etgc`s glv`rsgs, glv`rsgs, mfe mfe t`ap`rgturgs t`ap`rgturgs y bua`lgl r`cgtkvg `c`vglgs, pgrg prft`o`rt` l`h`s4 - Psgr rfpg mýaflg y cko`rg. - H`h`r goug f cáquklfs mfe ir`mu`emkg. - X`gckzgr cfs l`smgesfs prforgaglfs `stghc`mklfs `e `c ]`rvkmkf.
K. Kem`elkfs @st` ]`rvkmkf `stç mfeskl`rglf l` `xtr`af rk`sof l` kem`elkf lglg cg orge mgetklgl l` agt`rkgc mfahustkhc` qu` s` gcagm`eg, gl`açs l` cg orge mgetklgl l` açqukegs kestgcglgs `e `c aksaf. @e mgsf l` l`t`mtgr ue mfegtf l` kem`elkf, bgy qu` aget`e`r cg mgcag, mfauekmgrcf g cfs mfapg÷`rfs y sup`rkfr`s ske mr`gr gcgrag. Peg v`z mfauekmglf s` gmtkvgrç `c ^cge l` @a`ro`emkg y gmulkrç cg gyulg e`m`sgrkg.
?. GM\PGMKÝE @E MG]F L@ GMMKL@E\ GMMKL@E\@ @ @ KEM@ELKF ?.7 @e mgsf l` gmmkl`et` Cfs cuogr`s l` trghgdf lkspfelrçe l` agt`rkgc pgrg prka`rfs guxkckfs `e mgsf l` gmmkl`et`, qu` l`h`rç s`r gl`muglf, `e mugetf g su mgetklgl y mgrgmt`rástkmgs, gc eôa`rf l` trghgdglfr`s, g cfs rk`sofs g qu` `stëe `xpu`stfs y g cgs igmkcklgl`s l` gmm`sf gc m`etrf l` gskst`emkg aëlkmg açs prýxkaf. @c agt`rkgc l` prka`rfs guxkckfs l`h`rç glgptgrs` g cgs gtrkhumkfe`s prfi`skfegc`s l`c p`rsfegc bghkcktglf pgrg su pr`stgmkýe.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
79?
`lktfrkgc } m`p
Cg sktugmkýe f lkstrkhumkýe l`c agt`rkgc `e `c cuogr l` trghgdf y cgs igmkcklgl`s pgrg gmm`l`r gc aksaf y pgrg, `e su mgsf, l`spcgzgrcf gc cuogr l`c gmmkl`et`, l`h`rçe ogrgetkzgr qu` cg pr`stgmkýe l` cfs prka`rfs guxkckfs pu`lg r`gckzgrs` mfe cg rgpkl`z qu` r`quk`rg `c tkpf l` lg÷f pr`vkskhc`. \flf cuogr l` trghgdf l`h`rç lkspfe`r, mfaf aáekaf, l` ue hftkquáe pfrtçtkc qu` mfet`eog l`skei`mtget`s y getksëptkmfs gutfrkzglfs, ogsgs `stërkc`s, gcoflýe bklrýikcf, v`elg, `spgrglrgpf, gpýsktfs glb`skvfs, tkd`rgs, pkezgs y ouget`s l`s`mbghc`s. @c agt`rkgc l` prka`rfs guxkckfs s` r`vksgrç p`rkýlkmga`et` y s` krç r`pfek`elf tge prfetf mfaf mgluqu` f s`g utkckzglf.
Cfs cuogr`s l` trghgdf l` açs l` 0> trghgdglfr`s l`h`rçe lkspfe`r l` ue cfmgc l`stkeglf g cfs prka`rfs guxkckfs y ftrgs pfskhc`s gt`emkfe`s sgektgrkgs. \gahkëe l`h`rçe lkspfe`r l`c aksaf cfs cuogr`s l` trghgdf l` açs l` 80 trghgdglfr`s pgrg cfs qu` gsá cf l`t`rake` cg gutfrklgl cghfrgc, t`ek`elf `e mu`etg cg p`ckorfsklgl l` cg gmtkvklgl l`sgrrfccglg y cgs pfskhc`s lkikmuctgl`s l` gmm`sf gc m`etrf l` gskst`emkg aëlkmg açs prýxkaf. Cfs cfmgc`s l` prka`rfs guxkckfs lkspfelrçe, mfaf aáekaf, l` ue hftkquáe, ueg mgakccg y ueg iu`et` l` goug pftghc`. @stgrçe prýxkafs g cfs pu`stfs l` trghgdf y s`rçe l` içmkc gmm`sf pgrg cgs mgakccgs. @c agt`rkgc y cfmgc`s l` prka`rfs guxkckfs l`h`rçe `stgr mcgrga`et` s`÷gckzglfs.
G. B`rklgs B`rklg `s tflg kemkskýe `e cg pk`c, frkokeglg pfr ue mfrt` ckapkf, pfr ue ofcp` f pfr cg p`e`trgmkýe l` ue fhd`tf `e cg pk`c. \flg b`rklg bg b g l` s`r rçpklga`et` trgtglg, skouk`elf `stfs pgsfs4 - Cg b`rklg s`rç cgvglg mfe ghuelget` goug y dghýe f hk`e s` gpckmgrç ue prflumtf getksëptkmf getksëptkmf pgrg `ckakegr l` ueg age`rg rglkmgc tflfs cfs mu`rpfs `xtrg÷fs qu` s` bgcc`e `e cg sup`rikmk` l` cg b`rklg yg s`g l` tk`rrg, r`stfs l` gcka`etfs, `tm. - Cg b`rklg s` ckapkgrç mfe ogsgs f mfapr`sgs mfapr`sgs `st`rkckzglgs `st`rkckzglgs mfa`ezgelf l`sl` `c m`etrf bgmkg bgmkg `c `xt`rkfr: `ccf tk`e` mfaf ike `vktgr qu` cfs oëra`e`s s` ketrfluzmge `e cg aksag. - Peg v`z ckapkglg cg b`rklg s` gpckmgrç ue l`skei`mtget` sfhr` `ccg: `ccg: `e `c a`rmglf `xkst`e lki`r`et`s prflumtfs getksëptkmfs. - ]k l` cg b`rklg `ageg sgeor` sgeor` f cáquklf s` muhrkrç mfe ueg ogsg `stërkc y pgrg qu` s` sud`t` g cg pk`c s` utkckzgrç `spgrglrgpf. - ]k cg b`rklg b`rklg tk`e` ueg agyfr orgv`lgl, orgv`lgl, ef sk`elf sk`elf sup`rikmkgc, s` muhrkrç mfe ue gpýsktf gpýsktf `stërkc `stërkc y s` trgscglgrç gc b`rklf g ue m`etrf sgektgrkf. Cf qu` ef l`h` bgm`rs` `e ueg b`rklg s`rç4 - Ckapkgr cg b`rklg b`rklg l`sl` l`sl` `c `xt`rkfr bgmkg `c ket`rkfr. ket`rkfr. - Ptkckzgr gcoflýe pgrg pgrg ckapkgr cg b`rklg, b`rklg, gsá mfaf mfcfmgrcf sfhr` cg aksag. - @apc`gr pfcvfs getkhkýtkmfs, pfaglgs, `tm. - @xpcfrgr ueg b`rklg prfiuelg.
792
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- Agekpucgr cg b`rklg mfe agefs, trgpfs f pg÷u`cfs sumkfs.
H. B`afrrgokgs B`afrrgokgs `xt`regs Cg b`afrrgokg s` l`ike` mfaf `c `smgp` l` sgeor` l` cfs vgsfs. Efs `emfetrgafs get` ueg b`afrrgokg `xt`reg mugelf cg sgcklg l` cg sgeor` s` prflum` pfr `c cuogr `e `c qu` s` bg prflumklf cg b`rklg. Get` ue mgsf l` b`afrrgokg cg mfelumtg g s`oukr tk`e` lfs ikegcklgl`s4 - L`t`e`r cf açs rçpklga`et` cg b`afrrgokg. - X`pgrgr cg përlklg përlklg l` sgeor` get` ueg b`afrrgokg b`afrrgokg kapfrtget`. @c muapckak`etf l` `stfs lfs fhd`tkvfs vg g `vktgr, `e cg agyfrág l` cfs mgsfs, cgs mfapckmgmkfe`s açs t`akhc`s l` ueg b`afrrgokg4 cg pgrglg mgrlkgmg pfr mgusg b`afrrçokmg y `c sbfmj b`afrrçokmf. Cg gmtugmkýe l`p`el`rç l` sk sfe b`afrrgokgs grt`rkgc`s f v`efsgs.
g. Grt`rkgc Grt`rkgc`s `s Cgs grt`rkgs sfe cfs vgsfs qu` sgc`e l`c mfrgzýe bgmkg `c r`stf l`c frogeksaf, gpfrtgelf g ëst` sgeor` rkmg `e fxáo`ef. @e cgs b`afrrgokgs `xt`regs grt`rkgc`s bg l` pr`skfegrs` lkr`mtga`et` lkr`mtga`et` sfhr` cg b`rklg mfe cgs agefs (utkckzgelf ouget`s) pgrg mfbkhkr cg b`afrrgokg. ]k s` lkspfe` l` ogsgs f gpýsktfs ckapkfs, l`h`rçe mfcfmgrs` sfhr` cg b`rklg y mfetkeugr mfaprkak`elf. @e mgsf l` qu` s` `apgp`e l` sgeor` ef l`h`e r`tkrgrs` skef mfcfmgr ftrfs `emkag. ]k cg b`afrrgokg s` cfmgckzg `e cg mgh`zg f `e ueg `xtr`aklgl, bgy qu` `c`vgr ëstgs pfr `emkag l`c ekv`c l`c mfrgzýe. @e mgsf l` qu` ef l`smk`elg cg b`afrrgokg s` `i`mtugrç mfapr`skýe sfhr` cg grt`rkg prkemkpgc l`c ak`ahrf gi`mtglf, pgrg lksakeukr `c icudf l` sgeor` pfr `ccg. Cg mfapr`skýe s` r`gckzgrç `e uef u ftrf cuogr s`oôe `c çr`g `e qu` s` prfluzmg cg b`afrrgokg. Gsá4 - Cg mfapr`skýe mfapr`skýe s` r`gckzg sfhr` cg grt`rkg grt`rkg mgrýtklg (sktuglg `etr` cg trçqu`g y `c aôsmucf `st`ref`st`refmc`klfagstfkl`f l`c mu`ccf) sk bgy b`afrrgokg `e `c çr`g l` cg mgh`zg f `c mu`ccf. - Cg mfapr`skýe mfapr`skýe s` `i`mtôg `e cg grt`rkg grt`rkg suhmcgvkg (sktuglg pfr `emkag l` cg mcgvámucg) sk bgy b`afrrgokg g cg gcturg l`c bfahrf. - Cg mfapr`skýe mfapr`skýe s` `i`mtôg `e cg grt`rkg gxkcgr (`e `c `c bu`mf gxkcgr) gxkcgr) sk cg b`afrrgokg s` cfmgckzg `e `c `c hrgzf. - Cg mfapr`skýe mfapr`skýe s` `i`mtôg `e `e cg grt`rkg grt`rkg bua`rgc sup`rkfr sup`rkfr (`e cg mgrg ket`reg l`c t`rmkf a`lkf a`lkf l`c hrgzf) f `e cg bua`rgc kei`rkfr (`e cg ic`xurg l`c mflf) sk cg c g b`afrrgokg `stç `e `c get`hrgzf. - Cg mfapr`skýe mfapr`skýe s` r`gckzg `e cg grt`rkg i`afrgc (`e `c pck`ou` keoukegc), pfpcát`g (`e `c bu`mf pfst`rkfr l` cg rflkccg) f p`lkg (sfhr` `c `ap`ke`), sk cg b`afrrgokg s` prflum` `e cg pk`reg. ]k cg b`afrrgokg ef r`akt`, `e ôctkaf cuogr y mfaf a`lklg `xm`pmkfegc s` pu`l` `apc`gr ue tfrekqu`t`, t`ek`elf `e mu`etg cgs c gs skouk`et`s mfeskl`rgmkfe`s4 - ]` vg g mfcfmgr pfr `emkag l`c puetf sgeorget`. - ]` gpckmgrç cg mfapr`skýe mfapr`skýe aáekag e`m`sgrkg e`m`sgrkg pgrg mfbkhkr `c sgeorglf sgeorglf
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
79;
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- ]` mfcfmgrç mfcfmgrç `emkag l`c pgmk`et` ue pgp`c `e `c qu` s` kelkqu` cg bfrg l` su mfcfmgmkýe mfcfmgmkýe y cg pgcghrg PXO@E\@. - Ef s` r`tkrgrç ek s` muhrkrç. - ]` trgscglgrç trgscglgrç gc `ei`raf `ei`raf cf açs rçpklga`et` pfskhc` g ue m`etrf bfspktgcgrkf bfspktgcgrkf `e ueg pfskmkýe l` getktr`el`c`ehuro (mfe cfs pk`s açs hgdfs qu` cg mgh`zg).
h. Y`efs `efsgs gs Cgs v`egs r`mfo`e cg sgeor` l` tflf `c frogeksaf, mgroglg l` MF 8, bgstg `c mfrgzýe. Get` ueg b`afrrgokg `xt`reg v`efsg bgy qu` r`gckzgr tgahkëe ueg mfapr`skýe lkr`mtg, `vktgelf, `e cg a`lklg l` cf pfskhc`, `i`mtugr ëstg sfhr` cg c`skýe, sk cg bgy. @e mgsf l` qu` ef s` r`luzmg g p`sgr l` cg mfapr`skýe bghrç qu` r`gckzgr ue v`elgd` mfapr`skvf y mfetrfcgr pfst`rkfra`et` `c pucsf y cg vgsmucgrkzgmkýe.
Gpckqu` pr`skýe lkr`mtg sfhr` cg b`rklg mfe gpýsktf
Gpckqu` ue gpýsktf açs sk `s e`m`sgrkf
]fst`eog `c gpýsktf mfe ue v`elgd` mfapr`skvf GM\PGMKÝE GE\@ PEG B@AFXXGOKG
H. Wu`aglur Wu`aglurgs gs g. Mfem`ptf Cgs qu`aglurgs sfe cgs c`skfe`s qu` s` prflum`e `e `c frogeksaf pfr `i`mtf l`c mgcfr. Cg orgv`lgl l` cg qu`aglurg vg g l`p`el`r l`4 - ]u prfiuelklgl. - ]u `xt`eskýe. - ]u cfmgckzgmkýe.
7?>
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- @c tk`apf l` `xpfskmkýe. - @c rk`sof l` kei`mmkýe. - Cg `lgl l` cg vámtkag. - Cg gi`mtgmkýe l` cgs vágs r`spkrgtfrkgs.
h. Mcgskikmgmkýe l` cgs qu`aglurgs pfr su `tkfcfoág • \ërakmgs ]` prflum`e pfr `c mfetgmtf mfe t`ap`rgturgs `c`vglgs. ]fe cgs açs mfaue`s, y s` lkvkl`e g su v`z `e4 - Bôa`lgs4 frkokeglgs pfr cáquklfs y vgpfr`s. - ]`mgs4 frkokeglgs pfr ccgags, `c`a`etfs mgck`et`s, `tm.
• Wuáakmgs Cgs qu`aglurgs frkokeglgs pfr go`et`s quáakmfs pu`l`e, gl`açs, frkokegr mfes`mu`emkgs `e ýrogefs mfaf `c rk÷ýe f `c báoglf.
• ^fr rglkgmkýe ]fe cgs prfvfmglgs pfr rgyfs uctrgvkfc`tgs, `xpcfskfe`s eumc`gr`s, rgyfs R, `tm.
• ^fr gspkrgmkýe Wu`aglurgs prfvfmglgs pfr cg kebgcgmkýe l` buafs týxkmfs g gctgs t`ap`rgturgs.
• @cëmtrkmgs Frkokeglgs pfr `c pgsf l` cg mfrrk`et` `cëmtrkmg `cëmtrkmg pfr cfs t`dklfs mfrpfrgc`s.
• Ghrgskfe`s ]fe mfes`mu`emkg l` ueg gctg t`ap`rgturg `e cg pk`c fmgskfeglg pfr irkmmkýe l` ëstg mfe `c`a`etfs g orge v`cfmklgl.
m. Mcgskikm Mcgskikmgmkýe gmkýe l` cgs qu`aglurgs s`oôe su prfiuelklgl • ^rka`r orglf4 `pklërakmgs ]fe cgs qu`aglurgs açs sup`rikmkgc`s4 gi`mtge ôekmga`et` g cg `pkl`raks f mgpg `xt`reg l` cg pk`c. Peg qu`aglurg l` prka`r orglf s` kl`etkikmg mfe `c `erfd`mkak`etf l` cg pk`c. Cgs qu`aglurgs l` prka`r orglf sfe c`skfe`s qu` murge l` ifrag `spfetçe`g, frkokegelf ueg l`smgagmkýe y ueg mfcfrgmkýe pgsgd`rgs `e cg pk`c. @st` tkpf l` qu`aglurgs prflum`e lfcfr cfmgc, qu` gua`etg mfe `c mfetgmtf.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7?7
`lktfrkgc } m`p
Pe `d`apcf l` qu`aglurg l` prka`r orglf `s `c –`rkt`ag sfcgr‑.
• ]`ouelf orglf4 lërakmgs ]` trgtg l` cgs qu`aglurgs qu` gi`mtge g cg l`raks. ]` lki`r`emkg `etr` qu`aglurgs lërakmgs sup`rikmkgc`s y p rfiuelgs4 Lërakmgs sup`rikmkgc`s Gi`mtge g cg l`raks sup`rikmkgc. ^rflum`e `erfd`mkak`etf f `rkt`ag. @stgs qu`aglurgs l`struy`e cg `pkl`raks y ueg pgrt` l` cg l`raks guequ` ef gi`mtge gc çr`g o`rakegtkvg l` cg pk`c. ]u`c`e s`r prfvfmglgs pfr cáquklfs y pfr cg `c`mtrkmklgl (hgdf vfctgd`), guequ` tgahkëe pu`l`e s`r fmgskfeglgs pfr `xpcfskfe`s. Lërakmgs prfiuelgs Gi`mtge g cg l`raks prfiuelg. ^rflum`e gapfccgs f ickmt`eg. @e `stgs qu`aglurgs qu`lg gi`mtglg cg mgpg o`rakegtkvg l` cg pk`c, p`rf ef cc`oge g gi`mtgr g cgs ocçelucgs s`hçm`gs ek sulfrápgrgs ek g cfs ifcámucfs pkcfsfs. Cg pk`c qu`aglg pflrç r`o`e`rgrs` l` eu`vf, p`rf auy c`etga`et`, y qu`lgrçe mfaf s`mu`cg mkmgtrkm`s bkp`rtrýikmgs. Cgs qu`aglurgs lërakmgs prfiuelgs tgahkëe pu`l`e s`r frkokeglgs pfr cáquklfs mgck`et`s, `c`mtrkmklgl (hgdf vfctgd`), go`et`s quáakmfs f `xpcfskfe`s.
• \`rm`r \`rm`r orglf4 suhlërakmgs @stgs qu`aglurgs gi`mtge g tflf `c `sp`sfr l` cg pk`c, pulk`elf kemcusf gi`mtgr gc aôsmucf y gc bu`sf. ]u mkmgtrkzgmkýe `s auy c`etg4 pu`l` lurgr a`s`s, ` kemcusf g÷fs y, `e aumbgs fmgskfe`s, `c ôekmf aflf l` cforgr cg `pkl`rakzgmkýe `s a`lkget` cg kapcgetgmkýe l` ked`rtfs. Pe sáetfag l` `st` tkpf l` qu`aglurgs `s cg c g e`mrfsks l` cfs t`dklfs. Cfs fráo`e`s l` `st` tkpf l` qu`aglurgs pu`l`e s`r go`et`s quáakmfs, `c`mtrkmklgl (gctf vfctgd`) f cuahr` hgdg.
l. ^rka`rfs guxkckfs @c trgtgak`etf l` cgs qu`aglurgs s` kekmkg mfe cg vgcfrgmkýe o`e`rgc l`c `stglf l`c gmmkl`etglf y mfe `c aget`ekak`etf l` sus mfestget`s vktgc`s.
7?8
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
Bgy qu` t`e`r auy pr`s`et` qu` ueg p`rsfeg mfe qu`aglurgs orgv`s pu`l` pgr`m`r ef r`v`stkr orgv`lgl lurget` cg prka`rg bfrg, p`rf qu` trgesmurrklf açs tk`apf ske trgtgak`etf pu`l` igcc`m`r trgs suirkr ue sbfmj, Ëst` pu`l` s`r l` lfs tkpfs4 - ]bfmj e`urfoëekmf4 `s prfvfmglf pfr cg kapr`skýe gc v`rs` v`rs` grlk`elf. grlk`elf. - ]bfmj bkpfvfcëakmf4 bkpfvfcëakmf4 cfs mgpkcgr`s lg÷glfs pfr `c mgcfr pk`rl`e pk`rl`e orge mgetklgl l` pcgsag, prflumk`elf `l`ag, ge`akg, kei`mmkýe y l`sbklrgtgmkýe y ue trgstfref `c`mtrfcátkmf qu` prfvfmgrç g cg au`rt`. ]` r`tkrgrçe dfygs, r`cfd`s, `tm. qu` mfaprkage cg mkrmucgmkýe gc keicgagrs` y `l`agtkzgrs` cg zfeg qu`aglg.
• Wu`aglurgs tërakmgs - ]k `c gmmkl`etglf cc`vg cgs rfpgs grlk`elf, s` kap`lkrç qu` mfrrg, lglf qu` `sf gvkvgrág cgs ccgags. ]` gpgogrç `c iu`of l` cg rfpg bgmkëelfc` rflgr f muhrkëelfc` mfe ueg agetg l` cgeg (euemg l` agt`rkgc gmráckmf). \gahkëe pu`l`e sfifmgrs` cgs ccgags usgelf ue `xtketfr l` ek`v` mgrhýekmg (ef l` pfcvf). - Mfaprfhgr y aget`e`r cgs mfestget`s vktgc`s. Wu`aglurgs c`v`s r`mk`et`s - Kea`rskýe l` cg zfeg gi`mtglg `e goug irág. - Ckapkgr cg zfeg l` mu`rpfs `xtrg÷fs. - Muhrkr mfe mfe ue gpýsktf ckapkf, ske mfrtgr cgs gapfccgs qu` bgyge pflklf prflumkrs`. prflumkrs`. - ]k cg qu`aglurg bg gi`mtglf g cfs ak`ahrfs sup`rkfr`s sup`rkfr`s f kei`rkfr`s, kei`rkfr`s, `c`vgr `c`vgr ëstfs. ëstfs. Wu`aglurgs orgv`s - Mfcfmgr gc gmmkl`etglf gmmkl`etglf `e ueg zfeg zfeg ir`smg ir`smg y v`etkcglg. - X`tkrgr cg rfpg, rfpg, sgcvf sgcvf qu` `stë glb`rklg g cg pk`c. - Muhrkr cgs qu`aglurgs mfe ue gpýsktf ckapkf. - Ef gpckmgr pfaglg sfhr` cgs qu`aglurgs. - Gpckmgr goug irág a`lkget` ogsgs, tfgccgs f sçhgegs. - ]k `c `c pgmk`et` `stç mfesmk`et` r`bklrgtgrc` suakekstrçelfc` goug f h`hklgs ksftýekmgs. ksftýekmgs. - ]k `c pgmk`et` `stç kemfesmk`et` ef lgrc` l` h`h`r. - ^rfmurgr `c trgscglf uro`et` g ue m`etrf sgektgrkf.
• Wu`aglurgs pfr sustgemkgs quáakmgs \gahkëe `e cg orgv`lgl l` `st` tkpf l` qu`aglurgs q u`aglurgs keicuy`e lkv`rsfs igmtfr`s mfaf cg prfiuelklgl, `c tk`apf l` gmtugmkýe l`c go`et` quáakmf, cg sup`rikmk` gi`mtglg y `c orglf l` mfem`etrgmkýe l` cg sustgemkg quáakmg. Bgy qu` t`e`r pr`s`et` qu` cgs qu`aglurgs quáakmgs pu`l`e pr`s`etgr mfapckmgmkfe`s mfaf, pfr `d`apcf, cgs kei`mmkfe`s.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7?=
`lktfrkgc } m`p
Mugelf s` prfluzmg ueg qu`aglurg pfr sustgemkgs quáakmgs s` l`h`rç4 - Gpgrtgr cg rfpg, rfpg, sgcvf sgcvf qu` `stë `stë glb`rklg g cg pk`c. - Grrgstrgr `c mfrrfskvf mfrrfskvf mfe goug goug ghuelget` lurget` qukem` f v`ket` akeutfs. akeutfs. - Afdgr mfe goug lurget` a`lkg bfrg. - \gpgr gc gmmkl`etglf y trgespfrtgrc` trgespfrtgrc` g ue m`etrf sgektgrkf mfe uro`emkg. - Ef gpckmgr pfaglg.
• Wu`aglurgs pfr `c`mtrkmklgl ]u orgv`lgl s`rç vgrkghc` `e iuemkýe l` cg ket`esklgl, `c vfctgd`, `c tk`apf l` gmtugmkýe y cg r`skst`emkg fir`mklg pfr cfs t`dklfs. Mugelf s` prfluzmg ueg qu`aglurg pfr `c`mtrkmklgl `e prka`r cuogr, y get`s l` tfmgr gc gmmkl`etglf, bghrç qu` l`smfe`mtgr cg mfrrk`et` utkckzgelf ue `c`a`etf gkscget`. L`spuës, sk iu`s` e`m`sgrkf, s` `i`mtugrç r`spkrgmkýe grtkikmkgc y agsgd` mgrlkgmf, pgrg ueg v`z `stghc` `c gmmkl`etglf, mfa`ezgr mfe cg murg l` cgs qu`aglurgs qu `aglurgs y trgscglgr g ue m`etrf sgektgrkf.
M. Ketfxkmgmkfe`s Get` ueg ketfxkmgmkýe, cg ifrag l` gmtugr `s auy s`emkccg sk s` mfefm` `c prflumtf mgusget` l` cg aksag y cg mgetklgl gprfxkaglg qu` cg bg prflumklf. @e o`e`rgc, cg `tkqu`tg l` prflumtf mfet`elrç uegs kestrummkfe`s qu` s`÷gcgrçe cg ifrag l` gmtugr `e mgsf l` ketfxkmgmkýe gsá mfaf `c t`cëifef l` M`etrf Egmkfegc l` \fxkmfcfoág gc qu` s` ccgagrç. cc gagrç. ]k, pfr `c mfetrgrkf, s` l`smfefm` `c prflumtf qu` cg prfvfmý, ket`etgr`afs gv`rkougr cg egturgc`zg l`c týxkmf y cg vág l` ked`r`emkg pgrg mfauekmgr tflg cg keifragmkýe pfskhc` gc aëlkmf. Cfs go`et`s quáakmfs pu`l`e mgusgr lg÷fs gc s`r kebgcglfs, keo`rklfs f skapc`a`et` gc `etrgr `e mfetgmtf mfe cfs kelkvklufs. ^grg `vktgr lg÷fs gsfmkglfs g lkmbfs go`et`s `s mfev`ek`et` qu`4 - Cfs trghgdglfr`s mfefzmge y utkckm`e hk`e cfs cfs prflumtfs mfe cfs qu` trghgdge. - Cfs `evgs`s `stëe sk`apr` m`rrglfs y mfev`ek`et`a`et` gcagm`eglfs. - ]` utkckm`e cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc klýe`fs klýe`fs (agsmgrkccgs, ouget`s, l`cgetgc`s, ogigs prft`mtfrgs, `tm.) - ]` `vkt` a`zmcgr prflumtfs quáakmfs lki`r`et`s. @s `sp`mkgca`et` kapfrtget` ef r`cc`egr hft`ccgs ske v`rkikmgr mfev`ek`et`a`et` `c mfet`eklf pr`vkf l` lkmbf `evgs`.
7?<
@e cgs ketfxkmgmkfe`s pfr keo`stkýe, sk ef r`spkrgs`, s` c` prgmtkmgrç cg r`spkrgmkýe grtkikmkgc y sk `stç mfesmk`et`, s` ket`etgrç qu` vfakt`, mfes`rvgelf cfs r`stfs l` výaktf pgrg su pfst`rkfr geçcksks, trgscglçelfcf pfst`rkfra`et` g ue m`etrf bfspktgcgrkf.
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
Cgs ketfxkmgmkfe`s pu`l`e s`r pfr kebgcgmkýe f pfr keo`stkýe. @e `c mgsf l` ketfxkmgmkfe`s pfr kebgcgmkýe yg s`g l` buafs, ogs`s, `tm., cf prka`rf qu` s` bg l` bgm`r `s gv`rkougr cg egturgc`zg l`c týxkmf qu` gc s`r pfr kebgcgmkýe s` l`t`mtgrç rçpklga`et`. Gc ketfxkmglf s` c` trgscglgrç g ueg zfeg v`etkcglg y sk ef r`spkrgrg, s` c` prgmtkmgrç cg r`spkrgmkýe grtkikmkgc. grtkikmkgc.
?.8 @e mgsf l` kem`elkf G. Mfem`ptf l` kem`elkf Pe kem`elkf `s ue iu`of qu` ef `stç mfetrfcglf, `stç mfesuak`elf agt`rkgc`s agt`rkgc`s qu` ef `stçe l`stkeglfs g s`r qu`aglfs. ]`oôe `c agt`rkgc qu` `stë kevfcumrglf y `c cuogr l`c kem`elkf, s` l`efakege4 - Kem`elkf urhgef. Mugelf `c kem`elkf s` l`sgrrfccg `e `e cg prfpkg prfpkg pfhcgmkýe, pfr `d`apcf, kem`elkfs l` vkvk`elgs. - Kem`elkf kelustrkgc. Mugelf gi`mtg g kestgcgmkfe`s kelustrkgc`s. - Kem`elkf ifr`stgc. Mugelf `e `c kem`elkf kem`elkf `stçe `stçe kevfcumrglgs agsgs ifr`stgc`s.
H. @vgmugmkýe l` `lkikmkfs Mfeskst` `e qu` ueg v`z s` lë `c mfauekmglf l` `vgmugmkýe, s`oôe cfs a`lkfs l` mfauekmgmkýe agrmglfs `e `c pcge l` `a`ro`emkg, tflfs cfs trghgdglfr`s y cgs p`rsfegs qu` s` `emu`etr`e `e `c `stghc`mkak`etf s` lkrkokrçe pfr cgs vágs l` `vgmugmkýe açs m`rmgegs, cf açs rçpklg y frl`eglga`et` pfskhc`. Peg v`z `e `c `xt`rkfr l`c `lkikmf s` lkrkokrçe gc puetf l` `emu`etrf, lfel` s` m`rmkfrgrç sfhr` cg igctg l` p`rsfegc y su pfskhc` cfmgckzgmkýe, `stg keifragmkýe s`rç mfauekmglg g cfs s`rvkmkfs l` `a`ro`emkg pgrg su prfetg cfmgckzgmkýe.
M. A`lklgs pr`v`etkvgs ]fe ue mfeduetf l` gmmkfe`s y a`lklgs qu` tk`e`e mfaf fhd`tf prkemkpgc qu` ef s` prfluzmge ue kem`elkf, f gc a`efs s` akekakm` su rk`sof, ket`etgelf pr`s`rvgr cg vklg l` cfs fmupget`s l`c `stghc`mkak`etf. G mfetkeugmkýe, `eua`rgafs ueg s`rk` l` pgutgs, pgrg r`lumkr `c rk`sof l` kem`elkfs `e cfs `stghc`mkak`etfs. - Gpgogr sk`apr` sk`apr` cgs mfckccgs, mfckccgs, sk`apr` `e cuogr`s gprfpkglfs pgrg `ccf. X`sp`tgelf X`sp`tgelf cfs cuogr`s cuogr`s prfbkhklfs pgrg iuagr. - Cgs vágs l` `vgmugmkýe `vgmugmkýe l`h`e `stgr ckapkgs, ckhr`s l` fhstçmucfs, fhstçmucfs, `stgelf `stgelf hk`e s`÷gckzglgs. - Ef tkrgr eglg mgck`et`, ek `e ccgags g cg hgsurg ske get`s bgh`refs m`rmkfrglfs l` qu` `stçe gpgoglg y `c prflumtf yg ef `stç mgck`et`. - Cfs `ahgcgd`s y l`sp`rlkmkfs l`sp`rlkmkfs l`h`e l`pfsktgrs` `e cfs cuogr`s gl`muglfs g mglg uef l` `ccfs. - Ef mfcfmgr mfcfmgr l`agskglfs gpgrgtfs `cëmtrkmfs `cëmtrkmfs `e `e ue aksaf `embui` pgrg ef prflumkr sfhr`mgrogs. - \`e`r hk`e s`÷gckzglfs cfs `xtketfr`s, sghk`elf sus mgrgmt`rástkmgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs hçskmgs, y su usf mfrr`mtf. mfrr`mtf. Gsá Gsá aksaf, `stfs l`h`e s`r gl`muglfs gc tkpf l` iu`of qu` s` pu`lg pr`v`r, su eôa`rf s`rç gqu`c qu` l`sl` mugcquk`r puetf l`c cfmgc g ue `xtketfr ef s`g sup`rkfr g 70 a`trfs. Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7?0
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- Aget`e`r `c frl`e y cg ckapk`zg, `vktgelf gmuaucgr orgsgs orgsgs `e cgs mgapgegs `xtrgmtfrgs l` cg mfmkeg, yg qu` aumbfs kem`elkfs sfe su frko`e. - \`e`r cfs prflumtfs quáakmfs `e ue cuogr kel`p`elk`et`, `vktgelf gmuaucgr orge mgetklgl mgetklgl l` prflumtfs keicgaghc`s. - Mgapg÷gs l` s`eskhkckzgmkýe sfhr` sfhr` cfs rk`sofs qu` s` tk`e`e `e `c trghgdf y cfs aëtflfs pgrg pgrg r`lumkrcfs. - Ifragmkýe, `s `s ueg a`lklg pr`v`etkvg, pr`v`etkvg, yg qu`, mfe ue p`rsfegc ifraglf, ifraglf, `s açs içmkc `c mfetrfc y cg tfag l` l`mkskfe`s `e mgsf l` `a`ro`emkgs, gl`açs `stç açs pr`pgrglf pgrg girfetgr sktugmkfe`s l` `a`ro`emkg. - ]kaucgmrfs. ]` `i`mtugrçe skaucgmrfs pgrg mfaprfhgr cgs lki`r`et`s gmmkfe`s qu` l`hge r`gckzgr cfs lki`r`et`s `qukpfs l` `a`ro`emkg, pgrg l`spuës l` `st`, r`gckzgr ueg `vgcugmkýe l`c pcge l` `a`ro`emkg, pgrg, sk `s `c mgsf, r`gckzgr ueg a`dfrg `e ëc.
L. Gmtugmkfe`s Gmtugmkf e`s g r`gckzgr @e `c mgsf l` qu` pr`s`emk`afs `c kekmkf f s`gafs cfs prka`rfs `e mfefm`r cg `xkst`emkg l` ueg `a`ro`emkg, t`e`afs mcgrf qu` ef tflgs cgs `a`ro`emkgs tk`e`e cg aksag kapfrtgemkg. Ef `s cf aksaf ue kem`elkf `e `c qu` s` bge qu`lglf gtrgpglfs vgrkfs `apc`glfs g ue kem`elkf l` ueg skapc` pgp`c`rg. ^`rf `e tflfs `ccfs ef t`e`afs qu` p`rl`r cfs e`rvkfs, y t`ek`elf mcgrgs ueg s`rk` l` pr`aksgs, gmtugr rçpklga`et` pgrg mfetrfcgr cg `a`ro`emkg, gsá s`oukr`afs cgs skouk`et`s pgutgs l` mfelumtg. 7) ^rft`o`r. ^rka`rf ^rka`rf t`elr`afs qu` prft`o`r g cgs p`rsfegs qu` pu`lge mfrr`r rk`sof rk`sof l` su ket`orklgl iáskmg, ket`etgr`afs s`mmkfegr `c kem`elkf pgrg qu` ef s` prfpgou` g ftrgs bghktgmkfe`s, ueg age`rg s`rç m`rrgelf cgs pu`rtgs, p`rf sk`apr` ske qu` eu`strg vklg mfrrg rk`sof. 8) Gvksgr. Peg v`z qu` bgygafs lkikmuctglf cg prfpgogmkýe prfpgogmkýe l`c kem`elkf, gc`rtgr`afs gc`rtgr`afs gc r`spfer`spfesghc` l` zfeg, f p`rsfeg `emgroglg l` `stg, kelkmgelf `c tkpf l` `a`ro`emkg, `c cuogr y ftrfs lgtfs kelkmçelfcfs l` ifrag mcgrg y mfemksg. ]k `stçe p`rsfegs kapckmglgs mfauekmçrs`cf. =) ]fmfrr`r. Bgstg Bgstg qu` cc`ou`e cfs `qukpfs l` `a`ro`emkg, `a`ro`emkg, ket`etgr`afs ske qu` mfrrg mfrrg p`ckorf eu`strg vklg, sfmfrr`r g cg p`rsfeg, mfe cg pr`aksg l` qu` `s a`dfr ef bgm`r eglg sfhr` `stg, g r`gckzgrcf ske sgh`r. @e `c mgsf l` qu` ef bgyg p`rsfegs kevfcumrglgs, utkckzgr cfs a`lkfs l` `xtkemkýe mfe cfs qu` mu`et` `c `stghc`mkak`etf, yg s`ge `xtketfr`s f hfmgs l` kem`elkf `qukpglgs.
^rftfmfcf hçskmf l` mugcquk`r `a`ro`emkg
7?9
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
g. Gmtugmkfe`s `e mgsf l` l`smuhrkr ue kem`elkf - ]k l`smuhr`s l`smuhr`s ue kem`elkf, kem`elkf, agetëe cg mgcag ` ket`etg lgr mfauekmgmkýe l` gcgrag pfr kem`elkf, kelkmgelf `c cuogr l` cg `a`ro`emkg. - Mfauekmg cg `a`ro`emkg `a`ro`emkg s`oôe cf qu` kelkmg `c ^cge l` @a`ro`emkg. - ]k t` `emu`etrgs sfcf, sfcf, y `c kem`elkf `stç `e ueg bghktgmkýe sgc sgc l` `ccg rçpklf, l`dgelf cg pu`rtg m`rrglg y ske ccgv`, ef grrk`sou`s tu vklg. - Euemg ghrgs ueg pu`rtg mgck`et`, `c `c iu`of `stç pfr l`trçs, sk cg ghr`s `c kem`elkf gvgezgrç iu`rg l` cg bghktgmkýe mfe cf qu` `c iu`of s` prfpgogrç. - ]k s` t` pr`el`e cgs rfpgs, rfpgs, ef mfrrgs, mfrrgs, tárgt` gc su`cf y ëmbgt` g rflgr, rflgr, `e `c mgsf l` qu` pr`s`emk`s g gcouk`e `e ccgags tárgc` gc su`cf, y sk pu`l`s tçpgc` rçpklf mfe ueg agetg, y bgzc` rflgr. - @e mgsf l` `stgr `e ueg zfeg l` aumbf buaf, f qu` `st` bgyg pflklf cc`ogr cc`ogr g cg vág l` `vgmug`vgmugmkýe, efs gogmbgr`afs, yg qu` cfs buafs y `c mgcfr s` mfcfmge `e cg pgrt` sup`rkfr l` cfs cfmgc`s, sk pu`l`s mfcýmgt` ue pg÷u`cf bôa`lf `e cg hfmg. - @e `c mgsf mgsf l` qu` `c kem`elkf ef t` l`d` sgckr l` ueg bghktgmkýe, ef pk`rlgs pk`rlgs cg mgcag, quëlgt` `e `ccg, mk`rrg cg pu`rtg, pfe agetgs f rfpg `e cg pgrt` kei`rkfr, ` ket`etg afstrgr tu pr`s`emkg g ftrgs o`et`s pgrg qu` s`pge qu` `stgs gccá, (t`cëifef aývkc, sk tk`e` v`etgeg orktg pgrg qu` gcouk`e t` `smumb`). - ]k `stçs s`ourf l` qu` pu`l`s gpgogr gpgogr ue iu`of, utkckzg cfs a`lkfs l` `xtkemkýe mfe mfe s`ourklgl, p`rf sk`apr` ske qu` mfrrg p`ckorf cg ket`orklgl iáskmg, utkckzg `c go`et` `xtketfr gl`muglf gc tkpf l` iu`of.
h. Gmtug Gmtugmkfe`s mkfe`s `e mgsf l` `a`ro`emkg ef `stgelf `e `c orupf l` `a`ro`emkgs - Ghgelfe` su pu`stf l` trghgdf mfe s`ourklgl. - Ef r`trfm`lg pgrg r`mfo`r ekeoôe agt`rkgc. - @e mgsf l` pr`s`emkg pr`s`emkg l` buafs, goçmb`s` goçmb`s` y tçp`s` cg mgrg mfe ue pg÷u`cf. - Peg v`z v`z `e iu`rg l`c `lkikmkf `lkikmkf lkrádgs` gc puetf l` `emu`etrf. `emu`etrf.
2. X@]KLPF X@] KLPF]4 ]4 MCG] MCG]KIK KIKMGMK MGMKÝE ÝE (\K^FCFO \K^FCFOÁG, ÁG, \K^F L@ MFE\@E@LFX [ AË\FLF L@ AGEK^PCGMKÝE ) [ \XG\GAK@E\F,(X@MKMCGLF,@CKAKEGMKÝE…) 2.7 Ketrflummkýe Cfs m`etrfs pôhckmfs o`e`rge l`hklf g su gmtkvklgl, ueg s`rk` l` r`sklufs qu` c`s bgm` lki`r`et`s l` cfs ccgaglfs urhgefs, pfr cf qu` su o`stkýe bg sklf fhd`tf l` r`mk`et`s efragtkvgs tgetf `urfp`gs, egmkfegc`s mfaf gutfeýakmgs. Ir`et` g cg O`stkýe Mcçskmg qu` v`eág bgmkëelfs` bgstg gbfrg (lki`r`emkg cfs r`sklufs s`oôe `c rk`sof p`rmkhklf), suro` ue skst`ag l` o`stkýe l` r`sklufs hgsglf `e cg pr`v`emkýe l` cfs rk`sofs hkfsgek-
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7??
`lktfrkgc } m`p
tgrkfs r`gc`s -O`stkýe Gvgezglg-, qu` supfe` ueg lrçstkmg r`lummkýe l` cfs r`sklufs qu` l`h`e `ckakegrs` l` ueg ifrag `sp`mkgc pfr su pft`emkgc kei`mmkfsf f tfxkmklgl. @stfs eu`vfs afl`cfs l` o`stkýe qu` s` `stçe kapcgetgelf `e tflgs cgs Mfaueklgl`s Gutýefags, trgtge l` akekakzgr cfs pfskhc`s rk`sofs gsfmkglfs g cfs r`sklufs, tgetf pgrg `c p`rsfegc l` s`rvkmkfs mfaf pgrg cg pfhcgmkýe `e o`e`rgc, tfagelf tflgs cgs a`lklgs e`m`sgrkgs pgrg ogrgetkzgr su pr`v`emkýe y `ckakegmkýe.
2.8 Efrags hçskmgs l` cg o`stkýe l` r`sklufs `e cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs Cg trgespfskmkýe l` cg Lkr`mtkvg 8>>2/;2/M@ l`c ^grcga`etf @urfp`f y l`c Mfes`df l` 7; l` efvk`ahr` l` 8>>2 sfhr` cfs r`sklufs s` cc`vý g mghf g trgvës l` cg puhckmgmkýe l` cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs. @stg C`y `stghc`m` ue agrmf c`ogc l` r`spfesghkcklgl gapckglg l`c prflumtfr pgrg qu` cfs prflumtfr`s l` prflumtfs qu` mfe su usf s` mfevk`rt`e `e r`sklufs qu`l`e kevfcumrglfs `e cg pr`v`emkýe y `e cg frogekzgmkýe l` cg o`stkýe l` cfs aksafs, prfafvkëelfs` cg r`utkckzgmkýe, `c r`mkmcglf y cg vgcfrkzgmkýe l` r`sklufs. @e gpckmgmkýe l` `st` agrmf c`ogc, `e Mgstkccg-Cg Agembg bge sklf gutfrkzglfs skst`ags l` r`spfesghkcklgl gapckglg pgrg lkstketfs tkpfs l` r`sklufs.
G. Fhd`tf Cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf tk`e` pfr fhd`tf r`oucgr cg o`stkýe l` cfs r`sklufs kapucsgelf a`lklgs qu` pr`v`eoge su o`e`rgmkýe y aktkou`e cfs kapgmtfs glv`rsfs sfhr` cg sgcul buageg y `c a`lkf gahk`et` gsfmkglfs g su o`e`rgmkýe y o`stkýe, a`dfrgelf cg `ikmk`emkg `e `c usf l` cfs r`mursfs. \k`e` gskaksaf mfaf fhd`tf r`oucgr `c rëoka`e durálkmf l` cfs su`cfs mfetgakeglfs.
H. L`ikekm L`ikekmkfe`s kfe`s G cfs `i`mtfs l` `stg C`y s` `et`el`rç pfr4 g) «X`sklufº4 mugcquk`r sustgemkg u fhd`tf qu` su pfs``lfr pfs``lfr l`s`mb` f t`eog t`eog cg ket`emkýe f cg fhckogmkýe l` l`s`mbgr. h) «X`sklufs lfaëstkmfsº4 lfaëstkmfsº4 r`sklufs o`e`rglfs `e cfs bfogr`s bfogr`s mfaf mfes`mu`emkg mfes`mu`emkg l` cgs gmtkvklgl`s lfaëstkmgs. ]` mfeskl`rge tgahkëe r`sklufs lfaëstkmfs cfs skakcgr`s g cfs get`rkfr`s o`e`rglfs `e s`rvkmkfs ` kelustrkgs. ]` kemcuy`e kemcuy`e tgahkëe `e `stg `stg mgt`ofrág mgt`ofrág cfs r`sklufs qu` s` o`e`rge `e cfs bfogr`s l` gpgrgtfs `cëmtrkmfs y `c`mtrýekmfs, rfpg, pkcgs, gmuaucglfr`s, au`hc`s y `es`r`s gsá mfaf cfs r`sklufs y `smfahrfs prfm`l`et`s l` fhrgs a`efr`s l` mfestrummkýe y r`pgrgmkýe lfakmkckgrkg. \`elrçe cg mfeskl`rgmkýe l` r`sklufs r`sklufs lfaëstkmfs cfs r`sklufs prfm`l`et`s l` ckapk`zg l` vágs pôhckmgs, zfegs v`rl`s, çr`gs r`mr`gtkvgs y pcgygs, cfs gekagc`s lfaëstkmfs au`rtfs y cfs v`bámucfs ghgelfeglfs. m) «X`sklufs mfa`rmkgc`sº4 r`sklufs o`e`rglfs pfr cg gmtkvklgl prfpkg l`c mfa`rmkf, gc pfr agyfr y gc pfr a`efr, l` cfs c fs s`rvkmkfs l` r`stgurgmkýe y hgr`s, l` cgs fikmkegs y l` cfs a`rmglfs, gsá mfaf l`c r`stf l`c s`mtfr s`rvkmkfs.
7?2
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`lktfrkgc } m`p
l) «X`sklufs kelustrkgc`sº4 r`sklufs r`suctget`s r`suctget`s l` cfs prfm`sfs l` ighrkmgmkýe, ighrkmgmkýe, l` trgesifragmkýe, l` utkckzgmkýe, l` mfesuaf, l` ckapk`zg f l` aget`ekak`etf o`e`rglfs pfr cg gmtkvklgl kelustrkgc, `xmcuklgs cgs `akskfe`s g cg gtaýsi`rg r`oucglgs `e cg C`y =8>>?, l` 70 l` efvk`ahr`. `) «X`skluf p`ckorfsfº4 p`ckorfsfº4 r`skluf qu` pr`s`etg ueg f vgrkgs l` cgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs p`ckorfsgs `eua`rg`eua`rglgs `e `c ge`xf KKK, y gqu`c qu` pu`lg gprfhgr `c Ofhk`ref l` mfeifraklgl mfe cf `stghc`mklf `e cg efragtkvg `urfp`g f `e cfs mfev`ekfs ket`regmkfegc`s l` cfs qu` @spg÷g s`g pgrt`, gsá mfaf cfs r`mkpk`et`s y `evgs`s qu` cfs bgyge mfet`eklf. i) «Gm`kt`s usglfsº4 usglfsº4 tflfs cfs gm`kt`s ake`rgc`s f sketëtkmfs, kelustrkgc`s f l` cuhrkmgmkýe, qu` bgyge l`dglf l` s`r gptfs pgrg `c usf frkokegca`et` pr`vkstf, mfaf cfs gm`kt`s usglfs l` aftfr`s l` mfahustkýe y cfs gm`kt`s l` mgdgs l` mgahkfs, cfs gm`kt`s cuhrkmget`s, cfs gm`kt`s pgrg turhkegs y cfs gm`kt`s bklrçuckmfs. o) «Hkfrr`sklufº4 r`skluf hkfl`orglghc` hkfl`orglghc` l` dgrlke`s y pgrqu`s, pgrqu`s, r`sklufs gcka`etkmkfs y l` mfmkeg prfm`l`et`s l` bfogr`s, r`stgurget`s, s`rvkmkfs l` r`stgurgmkýe mfc`mtkvg y `stghc`mkak`etfs l` v`etg gc pfr a`efr: gsá mfaf, r`sklufs mfapgrghc`s prfm`l`et`s l` pcgetgs l` prfm`sglf l` gcka`etfs. b) «^r`v`emkýeº4 mfeduetf l` a`lklgs glfptglgs `e cg igs` l` mfem`pmkýe mfem`pmkýe y lks`÷f, l` prflummkýe, l` lkstrkhumkýe y l` mfesuaf l` ueg sustgemkg, agt`rkgc f prflumtf, pgrg r`lumkr4 7.´ Cg mgetklgl l` r`skluf, kemcusf a`lkget` cg r`utkckzgmkýe l` cfs prflumtfs f `c gcgrogak`etf l` cg vklg ôtkc l` cfs prflumtfs. 8.´ Cfs kapgmtfs glv`rsfs sfhr` `c a`lkf gahk`et` y cg sgcul bu ageg l` cfs r`sklufs o`e`rglfs, kemcuy`elf `c gbfrrf `e `c usf l` agt`rkgc`s f `e`roág. =.´ @c mfet`eklf l` sustgemkgs efmkvgs `e agt`rkgc`s y prflumtfs. k) «^rflumtfr «^rflumtfr l` r`sklufsº4 mugcquk`r mugcquk`r p`rsfeg iáskmg iáskmg f durálkmg muyg gmtkvklgl prfluzmg prfluzmg r`sklufs (prflumtfr kekmkgc l` r`sklufs) f mugcquk`r p`rsfeg qu` `i`mtô` fp`rgmkfe`s l` trgtgak`etf pr`vkf, l` a`zmcg f l` ftrf tkpf, qu` fmgskfe`e ue mgahkf l` egturgc`zg f l` mfapfskmkýe l` `sfs r`sklufs. @e `c mgsf l` cgs a`rmgemágs r`tkrglgs pfr cfs s`rvkmkfs l` mfetrfc ` kesp`mmkýe `e cgs kestgcgmkfe`s irfet`rkzgs s` mfeskl`rgrç prflumtfr l` r`sklufs gc r`pr`s`etget r`pr`s`etget`` l` cg a`rmgemág, f hk`e gc kapfrtglfr f `xpfrtglfr l` cg aksag. d) «^fs``lfr l` r`sklufsº4 `c prflumtfr l` r`sklufs u ftrg p`rsfeg iáskmg f durálkmg qu` `stë `e pfs`skýe l` r`sklufs. j) «E`ofmkget`º4 tflg tflg p`rsfeg iáskmg f durálkmg qu` gmtô` pfr mu`etg mu`etg prfpkg `e cg mfaprg y pfst`rkfr pfst`rkfr v`etg l` r`sklufs, kemcuklfs cfs e`ofmkget`s qu` ef tfa`e pfs`skýe iáskmg l` cfs r`sklufs. c) «Go`et`º4 tflg tflg p`rsfeg iáskmg f durálkmg qu` frogekzg frogekzg cg vgcfrkzgmkýe f cg `ckakegmkýe l` r`sklufs r`sklufs pfr `emgrof l` t`rm`rfs, kemcuklfs cfs go`et`s qu` ef tfa`e pfs`skýe iáskmg l` cfs r`sklufs. a) «O`stkýe l` r`sklufsº4 cg r`mfoklg, `c trgespfrt` y trgtgak`etf l` cfs r`sklufs, kemcuklg cg vkokcgemkg l` `stgs fp`rgmkfe`s, gsá mfaf `c aget`ekak`etf pfst`rkfr gc mk`rr` l` cfs v`rt`l`rfs, kemcuklgs cgs gmtugmkfe`s r`gckzglgs `e mgcklgl l` e`ofmkget` f go`et`. e) «O`stfr l` r`sklufsº4 r`sklufsº4 cg p`rsfeg f `etklgl, `etklgl, pôhckmg f prkvglg, r`okstrglg a`lkget` a`lkget` gutfrkzgmkýe f mfauekmgmkýe qu` r`gckm` mugcquk`rg l` cgs fp`rgmkfe`s qu` mfapfe`e cg o`stkýe l` cfs r`sklufs, s`g f ef `c prflumtfr l` cfs aksafs. ÷) «X`mfoklgº4 fp`rgmkýe fp`rgmkýe mfeskst`et` `e `c gmfpkf l` r`sklufs, r`sklufs, kemcuklg cg mcgskikmgmkýe y gcagm`egak`etf kekmkgc`s pgrg su trgespfrt` g ueg kestgcgmkýe l` trgtgak`etf.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7?;
`lktfrkgc } m`p
f) «X`mfoklg s`pgrglgº4 cg r`mfoklg `e cg qu` ue icudf l` r`sklufs s` agetk`e` pfr s`pgrglf, s`pgrglf, s`oôe su tkpf y egturgc`zg, pgrg igmkcktgr ue trgtgak`etf `sp`máikmf. p) «X`utkckzgmkýeº4 mugcquk`r fp`rgmkýe fp`rgmkýe a`lkget` cg mugc prflumtfs f mfapfe`et`s mfapfe`et`s l` prflumtfs qu` ef s`ge r`sklufs s` utkckzge l` eu`vf mfe cg aksag ikegcklgl pgrg cg qu` iu`rfe mfem`hklfs. q) «\rgtgak`etfº4 cgs fp`rgmkfe`s l` vgcfrkzgmkýe f `ckakegmkýe, kemcuklg cg pr`pgrgmkýe get`rkfr g cg vgcfrkzgmkýe f `ckakegmkýe. r) «Ygcfrkzgmkýeº4 mugcquk`r fp`rgmkýe fp`rgmkýe muyf r`suctglf r`suctglf prkemkpgc s`g qu` `c r`skluf skrvg g ueg ikegcklgl ôtkc gc sustktukr g ftrfs agt`rkgc`s, qu` l` ftrf aflf s` bghráge utkckzglf pgrg muapckr ueg iuemkýe pgrtkmucgr, f qu` `c r`skluf s`g pr`pgrglf pgrg muapckr `sg iuemkýe `e cg kestgcgmkýe f `e cg `mfefaág `e o`e`rgc. @e `c ge`xf KK s` r`mfo` ueg ckstg ef `xbgustkvg l` fp`rgmkfe`s l` vgcfrkzgmkýe. s) «^r`pgrgmkýe pgrg cg r`utkckzgmkýeº4 r`utkckzgmkýeº4 cg fp`rgmkýe l` vgcfrkzgmkýe vgcfrkzgmkýe mfeskst`et` `e `e cg mfaprfhgmkýe, ckapk`zg f r`pgrgmkýe, a`lkget` cg mugc prflumtfs f mfapfe`et`s l` prflumtfs qu` s` bgyge mfev`rtklf `e r`sklufs s` pr`pgrge pgrg qu` pu`lge r`utkckzgrs` ske ekeoueg ftrg trgesifragmkýe pr`vkg. t) «X`mkmcglfº4 tflg tflg fp`rgmkýe l` vgcfrkzgmkýe a`lkget` cg mugc cfs agt`rkgc`s agt`rkgc`s l` r`sklufs r`sklufs sfe trgesifraglfs l` eu`vf `e prflumtfs, agt`rkgc`s f sustgemkgs, tgetf sk `s mfe cg ikegcklgl frkokegc mfaf mfe mugcquk`r ftrg ikegcklgl. Kemcuy` cg trgesifragmkýe l`c agt`rkgc froçekmf, p`rf ef cg vgcfrkzgmkýe `e`roëtkmg ek cg trgesifragmkýe `e agt`rkgc`s qu` s` vgyge g usgr mfaf mfahustkhc`s f pgrg fp`rgmkfe`s l` r`cc`ef. u) «X`o`e`rgmkýe l` gm`kt`s gm`kt`s usglfsº4 mugcquk`r fp`rgmkýe l` r`mkmcglf qu` p`raktg p`raktg prflumkr gm`kt`s l` hgs` a`lkget` `c r`ikeglf l` gm`kt`s usglfs, `e pgrtkmucgr a`lkget` cg r`tkrglg l` cfs mfetgakeget`s, cfs prflumtfs l` cg fxklgmkýe y cfs glktkvfs qu` mfet`eoge lkmbfs gm`kt`s. v) «@ckakegmkýeº4 mugcquk`r fp`rgmkýe fp`rgmkýe qu` ef s`g cg vgcfrkzgmkýe, kemcusf mugelf mugelf cg fp`rgmkýe t`eog mfaf mfes`mu`emkg s`muelgrkg `c gprfv`mbgak`etf l` sustgemkgs f `e`roág. @e `c ge`xf K s` r`mfo` ueg ckstg ef `xbgustkvg l` fp`rgmkfe`s l` `ckakegmkýe. w) «A`dfr`s tëmekmgs lkspfekhc`sº4 cgs a`dfr`s tëmekmgs lkspfekhc`s tgc y mfaf s` l`ike`e `e `c grtámucf =, gpgrtglf 78, l`c X`gc L`mr`tf C`okscgtkvf 7/8>79, l` 79 l` lkmk`ahr`, pfr `c qu` s` gpru`hg `c t`xtf r`iuelklf l` cg C`y l` pr`v`emkýe y mfetrfc ket`orglfs l` cg mfetgakegmkýe. x) «]u`cf mfetgakeglfº4 gqu`c muygs mgrgmt`rástkmgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs bge sklf gct`rglgs e`ogtkvga`et` pfr cg pr`s`emkg l` mfapfe`et`s quáakmfs l` mgrçmt`r p`ckorfsf prfm`l`et`s l` cg gmtkvklgl buageg, `e mfem`etrgmkýe tgc qu` mfapfrt` ue rk`sof kegm`ptghc` pgrg cg sgcul buageg f `c a`lkf gahk`et`, l` gmu`rlf mfe cfs mrkt`rkfs y `stçelgr`s qu` s` l`t`rake`e pfr `c Ofhk`ref, y gsá s` bgyg b gyg l`mcgrglf a`lkget` r`sfcumkýe `xpr`sg. y) «Mfapfstº4 `eak`elg froçekmg froçekmg fht`eklg g pgrtkr l`c trgtgak`etf trgtgak`etf hkfcýokmf g`rfhkf g`rfhkf y t`raýikcf l` r`sklufs hkfl`orglghc`s r`mfoklfs s`pgrglga`et`. Ef s` mfeskl`rgrç mfapfst `c agt`rkgc froçekmf fht`eklf l` cgs pcgetgs l` trgtgak`etf a`mçekmf hkfcýokmf l` r`sklufs a`zmcglfs, qu` s` l`efakegrç agt`rkgc hkf`stghkckzglf.
M. ]uhprflu ]uhprflumtfs mtfs Peg sustgemkg u fhd`tf, r`suctget` l` ue prfm`sf l` prflummkýe, muyg ikegcklgl prkagrkg ef s`g cg prflummkýe l` `sg sustgemkg u fhd`tf, pu`l` s`r mfeskl`rglg mfaf suhprflumtf y ef mfaf r`skluf mugelf s` muapcge cgs skouk`et`s mfelkmkfe`s4
72>
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`lktfrkgc } m`p
g) Wu` s` t`eog cg s`ourklgl s`ourklgl l` qu` cg sustgemkg u fhd`tf fhd`tf vg g s`r utkckzglf uct`rkfra`et`, uct`rkfra`et`, h) qu` cg sustgemkg u fhd`tf s` pu`lg utkckzgr lkr`mtga`et` ske ske t`e`r qu` sfa`t`rs` g ueg trgesifrtrgesifragmkýe uct`rkfr lkstketg l` cg prçmtkmg kelustrkgc bghktugc, m) qu` cg sustgemkg u fhd`tf s` prfluzmg mfaf pgrt` ket`orget` l` ue prfm`sf l` prflummkýe, prflummkýe, y l) qu` `c usf uct`rkfr muapcg tflfs cfs r`quksktfs p`rtke`et`s p`rtke`et`s r`cgtkvfs g cfs prflumtfs prflumtfs gsá mfaf g cg prft`mmkýe prft`mmký e l` cg sgcul buageg y l`c a`lkf gahk`et`, ske qu` prfluzmg kapgmtfs o`e`rgc`s glv`rsfs pgrg cg sgcul buageg f `c a`lkf gahk`et`. Cg Mfakskýe l` mffrlkegmkýe `e agt`rkg l` r`sklufs `vgcugrç cg mfeskl`rgmkýe l` `stgs sustgemkgs u fhd`tfs mfaf suhprflumtfs, t`ek`elf `e mu`etg cf `stghc`mklf `e su mgsf gc r`sp`mtf pgrg `c çahktf l` cg Pekýe @urfp`g, y prfpfelrç su gprfhgmkýe gc Akekst`rkf pgrg cg \rgeskmkýe @mfcýokmg qu` lkmtgrç cg frl`e akekst`rkgc mfrr`spfelk`et`.
L. Ike l` cg mfelkmkýe l` r`skluf ^fr frl`e l`c Akekst`rkf pgrg cg \rgeskmkýe @mfcýokmg s` pflrçe `stghc`m`r cfs mrkt`rkfs `sp`máikmfs qu` l`t`rakeglfs tkpfs l` r`sklufs, qu` bgyge sklf sfa`tklfs g ueg fp`rgmkýe l` vgcfrkzgmkýe, kemcuklf `c r`mkmcglf, l`h`rçe muapckr pgrg qu` pu`lge l`dgr l` s`r mfeskl`rglfs mfaf tgc`s, g cfs `i`mtfs l` cf lkspu`stf `e cg C`y gquá r`i`r`emkglg y sk`apr` qu` s` muapcge cgs skouk`et`s mfelkmkfe`s4 g) Wu` cgs sustgemkgs u fhd`tfs fhd`tfs r`suctget`s s` us`e bghktugca`et` pgrg ikegcklgl`s ikegcklgl`s `sp`máikmgs: h) qu` `xkstg ue a`rmglf f ueg l`agelg pgrg lkmbgs sustgemkgs u fhd`tfs: m) qu` cgs sustgemkgs u fhd`tfs r`suctget`s muapcge cfs r`quksktfs r`quksktfs tëmekmfs pgrg ikegcklgl`s `sp`máik`sp`máikmgs, cg c`okscgmkýe `xkst`et` y cgs efrags gpckmghc`s g cfs prflumtfs: y l) qu` `c usf l` cg sustgemkg u fhd`tf r`suctget` ef o`e`r` kapgmtfs glv`rsfs pgrg `c a`lkf gahk`et` f cg sgcul. @e cg `cghfrgmkýe l` `stg frl`e s` t`elrç `e mu`etg `c `stulkf pr`vkf qu` r`gckzgrç cg Mfakskýe l` mffrlkegmkýe `e agt`rkg l` r`sklufs, qu` gegckzgrç cf `stghc`mklf `e su mgsf pfr cg Pekýe @urfp`g, cg durksprul`emkg gpckmghc`, cfs prkemkpkfs l` pr`mgumkýe y pr`v`emkýe, cfs `v`etugc`s kapgmtfs efmkvfs l`c agt`rkgc r`suctget` y, mugelf s`g e`m`sgrkf, cg prfm`l`emkg l` kemcukr vgcfr`s cáakt` pgrg cgs sustgemkgs mfetgakeget`s. Cgs sustgemkgs u fhd`tfs gi`mtglfs pfr cfs pçrrgifs get`rkfr`s y pfr sus efrags l` l`sgrrfccf, s`rçe mfaputglfs mfaf r`sklufs r`mkmcglfs y vgcfrkzglfs g cfs `i`mtfs l`c muapckak`etf l` cfs fhd`tkvfs `e agt`rkg l` r`mkmcglf y vgcfrkzgmkýe mugelf s` muapcge cfs mrkt`rkfs l` vgcfrkzgmkýe y r`mkmcglf pr`vkstfs `e lkmbgs efrags.
@. \kpfs4 Mcgskikmgmkýe y ckstg `urfp`g l` r`sklufs Cg l`t`rakegmkýe l` cfs r`sklufs qu` bge l` mfeskl`rgrs` mfaf r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs y ef p`ckorfsfs s` bgrç l` mfeifraklgl mfe cg ckstg `stghc`mklg `e cg L`mkskýe 8>>>/0=8/M@ l` cg Mfakskýe, l` = l` agyf l` 8>>>. Cfs mgpátucfs l` cg c g ckstg sfe cfs skouk`et`s4
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
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>7 X`sklufs l` cg prfsp`mmkýe, prfsp`mmkýe, `xtrgmmkýe l` akegs y mget`rgs y trgtgak`etfs iáskmfs y quáakmfs quáakmfs l` ake`rgc`s >8 X`sklufs l` cg gorkmucturg, gorkmucturg, bfrtkmucturg, gmukmucturg, skcvkmucturg, mgzg y p`smg: r`sklufs l` cg pr`pgrgmkýe pr`pgrgmkýe y `cghfrgmkýe l` gcka`etfs >= X`sklufs l` cg trgesifragmkýe l` l` cg agl`rg y l` cg prflummkýe prflummkýe l` tghc`rfs y au`hc`s, au`hc`s, pgstg l` pgp`c, pgp`c y mgrtýe >< X`sklufs l` cgs kelustrkgs kelustrkgs l`c mu`rf, l` cg pk`c pk`c y t`xtkc >0 X`sklufs l`c r`ikef l` l` p`trýc`f, purkikmgmkýe purkikmgmkýe l`c ogs egturgc y trgtgak`etf pkrfcátkmf pkrfcátkmf l`c mgrhýe >9 X`sklufs l` prfm`sfs quáakmfs quáakmfs kefroçekmfs >? X`sklufs l` prfm`sfs quáakmfs quáakmfs froçekmfs >2 X`sklufs l` cg ighrkmgmkýe, ýe, ifraucgmkýe, lkstrkhumkýe y utkckzgmkýe utkckzgmkýe (IILP) l` r`v`stkak`etfs (pketurgs, hgrekm`s y `sagct`s vátr`fs), glb`skvfs, s`ccget`s y tketgs l` kapr`skýe >; X`sklufs l` cg kelustrkg iftforçikmg iftforçikmg 7> X`sklufs l` prfm`sfs prfm`sfs tërakmfs 77 X`sklufs l`c trgtgak`etf trgtgak`etf quáakmf l` sup`rikmk` sup`rikmk` y l`c r`muhrkak`etf r`muhrkak`etf l` a`tgc`s y ftrfs agt`rkgc`s: gc`s: r`sklufs l` cg bklrfa`tgcurokg ef iërr`g 78 X`sklufs l`c afcl`glf afcl`glf y trgtgak`etf iáskmf y a`mçekmf a`mçekmf l` sup`rikmk` l` a`tgc`s y pcçstkmfs 7= X`sklufs l` gm`kt`s y l` mfahustkhc`s mfahustkhc`s cáquklfs (`xm`ptf cfs gm`kt`s mfa`stkhc`s mfa`stkhc`s y cfs l` cfs mgpátucfs >0 y 78) 7< X`sklufs l` lksfcv`et`s, v`et`s, r`irko`rget`s y prfp`c`et`s prfp`c`et`s froçekmfs (`xm`ptf (`xm`ptf cfs mgpátucfs >? y >2) 70 X`sklufs l` `evgs`s: ghsfrh`et`s, ghsfrh`et`s, trgpfs l` ckapk`zg, `zg, agt`rkgc`s l` ikctrgmkýe y rfpgs l` prft`mmkýe ef `sp`mkikmglfs `e ftrg mgt`ofrág 79 X`sklufs ef `sp`mkikmglfs `sp`mkikmglfs `e ftrf ftrf mgpátucf l` cg ckstg 7? X`sklufs l` cg mfestrummkýe mfestrummkýe y l`afckmkýe (kemcuklg uklg cg tk`rrg `xmgvglg l` zfegs mfetgakeglgs) mfetgakeglgs) 72 X`sklufs l` s`rvkmkfs s`rvkmkfs aëlkmfs f v`t`rkegrkfs f l` kev`stkogmkýe gsfmkglg (sgcvf (sgcvf cfs r`sklufs l` mfmkeg y l` r`stgurget` ef prfm`l`et`s lkr`mtga`et` l` cg pr`stgmkýe l` muklglfs sgektgrkfs) 7; X`sklufs l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s kestgcgmkfe`s pgrg `c trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs, r`sklufs, l` cgs pcgetgs `xt`regs l` l`purgmkýe l` gougs r`sklugc`s y l` cg pr`pgrgmkýe l` goug pgrg mfesuaf buagef y l` goug pgrg usf kelustrkgc 8> X`sklufs auekmkpgc`s (r`sklufs (r`sklufs lfaëstkmfs y r`sklufs r`sklufs gskakcghc`s prfm`l`et`s prfm`l`et`s l` cfs mfa`rmkfs, kelustrkgs ` kestktumkfe`s), kemcuklgs cgs irgmmkfe`s r`mfoklgs s`c`mtkvga`et`
^fr frl`e l`c Akekst`rkf pgrg cg \rgeskmkýe @mfcýokmg, pr`vkg mfesuctg g cg Mfakskýe l` mffrlkegmkýe `e agt`rkg l` r`sklufs, s` pflrç r`mcgskikmgr ue r`skluf `e cfs skouk`et`s tërakefs, mfeifra`, `e su mgsf, g cfs prfm`lkak`etfs pr`vkstfs `e `c grtámucf ? l` cg Lkr`mtkvg 8>>2/;2/M@4 g) ]` pflrç mfeskl`rgr ue r`skluf r`skluf mfaf p`ckorfsf mugelf, guequ` ef ikour` ikour` mfaf tgc `e cg ckstg l` r`sklufs, pr`s`et` ueg f açs l` cgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs kelkmglgs `e `c ge`xf KKK. h) ]` pflrç mfeskl`rgr ue r`skluf mfaf mfaf ef p`ckorfsf mugelf s` t`eoge t`eoge pru`hgs l` qu` ue l`t`rakeglf r`skluf qu` ikour` `e cg ckstg mfaf p`ckorfsf, p `ckorfsf, ef pr`s`etg ekeoueg l` cgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs kelkmglgs `e `c ge`xf KKK
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`lktfrkgc } m`p
GE@RF KKK MGXGM\@XÁ]\KMG] L@ CF] X@]KLPF] WP@ ^@XAK\@E MGCKIKMGXCF] MFAF ^@CKOXF]F] (X@]PA@E)4 B^ 7 «@xpcfskvfº B^ 8 «Mfahur`et`º B^ = «Keicgaghc`º B^ < «Krrktget`-krrktgmkýe mutçe`g y c`skfe`s fmucgr`sº B^ 0 «\fxkmklgl `sp`máikmg `e l`t`rakeglfs ýrogefs (]\F\ `e su skocg keoc`sg)/ \fxkmklgl pfr gspkrgmkýeº B^ 9 «\fxkmklgl goulgº B^ ? «Mgrmkeýo`efº B^ 2 «Mfrrfskvfº B^ ; «Kei`mmkfsfº B^ 7> «\ýxkmf pgrg cg r`prflummkýeº B^ 77 «Autço`efº B^ 78 «Ckh`rgmkýe l` ue ogs l` tfxkmklgl goulgº B^ 7= «]`eskhkckzget`º B^ 7< «@mftýxkmfº B^ 70 «X`sklufs qu` pu`l`e pr`s`etgr ueg l` cgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs l` p`ckorfsklgl get`s a`emkfeglgs qu` `c r`skluf frkokegc ef pr`s`etghg lkr`mtga`et`º
Mugelf s` l`e cfs supu`stfs l` cfs lfs gpgrtglfs get`rkfr`s, `c Akekst`rkf pgrg cg \rgeskmkýe @mfcýokmg cf eftkikmgrç ske l`afrg g cg Mfakskýe @urfp`g y c` pr`s`etgrç tflg cg keifragmkýe r`c`vget`.
I. Fhckogmkfe`s `e cg o`stkýe l` r`sklufs Cgs `etklgl`s f `apr`sgs qu` r`gckm`e ueg gmtkvklgl l` trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs l`h`rçe4 g) Cc`vgr g mghf `c trgtgak`etf l` cfs r`sklufs `etr`oglfs mfeifra` g cf pr`vkstf `e su gutfrkzgmkýe y gmr`lktgrcf lfmua`etgca`et`. h) O`stkfegr gl`muglga`et` cfs r`sklufs qu` prfluzmge mfaf mfes`mu`emkg l` su gmtkvklgl. Cgs `etklgl`s f `apr`sgs qu` r`mfo`e f trgespfrtge r`sklufs mfe mgrçmt`r prfi`skfegc l`h`rçe4 g) X`mfo`r cfs r`sklufs y trgespfrtgrcfs trgespfrtgrcfs muapck`elf cgs pr`smrkppr`smrkpmkfe`s l` cgs efrags l` trgespfrt`s, cgs r`stget`s efrags gpckmghc`s y cgs pr`vkskfe`s mfetrgmtugc`s.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
Cg r`mcgskikmgmkýe l` r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs `e r`sklufs ef p`ckorfsfs ef pflrç r`gckzgrs` pfr a`lkf l` ueg lkcumkýe f a`zmcg muyf fhd`tf s`g cg lksakeumkýe l` cgs mfem`etrgmkfe`s kekmkgc`s l` sustgemkgs p`ckorfsgs pfr l`hgdf l` cfs cáakt`s qu` l`ike`e `c mgrçmt`r p`ckorfsf l` ue r`skluf.
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h) Aget`e`r lurget` su r`mfoklg y trgespfrt`, trgespfrt`, cfs r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs p`ckorfsfs `evgsglfs y `tkqu`tglfs mfe grr`ocf g cgs efrags ket`regmkfegc`s y mfauektgrkgs vko`et`s. m) @etr`ogr cfs r`sklufs pgrg su trgtgak`etf trgtgak`etf g `etklgl`s `etklgl`s f `apr`sgs gutfrkzglgs, y lkspfe`r lkspfe`r l` ueg gmr`lktgmkýe lfmua`etgc l` `stg `etr`og. Cfs e`ofmkget`s y go`et`s l`h`rçe muapckr mfe cf l`mcgrglf `e su mfauekmgmkýe l` gmtkvklgl`s y mfe cgs mcçusucgs y mfelkmkfe`s gsuaklgs mfetrgmtugca`et`. Cfs e`ofmkget`s `stgrçe fhckoglfs g gs`ourgr qu` s` cc`v` g mghf ueg fp`rgmkýe mfapc`tg l` trgtgak`etf l` cfs r`sklufs qu` glquk`rge y g gmr`lktgrcf lfmua`etgca`et` gc prflumtfr u ftrf pfs``lfr kekmkgc l` lkmbfs r`sklufs. Mfe mgrçmt`r o`e`rgc cfs o`stfr`s l` r`sklufs `stçe fhckoglfs g4 g) Aget`e`r cfs r`sklufs gcagm`eglfs `e cgs mfelkmkfe`s qu` ikd` su gutfrkzgmkýe. Cg lurgmkýe l`c gcagm`egak`etf l` cfs r`sklufs ef p`ckorfsfs s`rç kei`rkfr g lfs g÷fs mugelf s` l`stke`e g vgcfrkzgmkýe y g ue g÷f mugelf s` l`stke`e g `ckakegmkýe. @e `c mgsf l` cfs r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs, `e gahfs supu`stfs, cg lurgmkýe açxkag s`rç l` s`ks a`s`s: `e supu`stfs `xm`pmkfegc`s, `c ýrogef mfap`t`et` l` cgs Mfaueklgl`s Gutýefags lfel` s` cc`v` g mghf lkmbf gcagm`egak`etf, pfr mgusgs l`hklga`et` dustkikmglgs y sk`apr` qu` s` ogrgetkm` cg prft`mmkýe l` cg sgcul buageg y `c a`lkf gahk`et`, pflrç aflkikmgr `st` pcgzf. Lurget` su gcagm`egak`etf cfs r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs l`h`rçe `stgr `evgsglfs y `tkqu`tglfs mfe grr`ocf g cgs efrags ket`regmkfegc`s y mfauektgrkgs vko`et`s. Cfs pcgzfs a`emkfeglfs a`emkfeglfs `ap`zgrçe g mfaputgr mfaputgr l`sl` l`sl` qu` s` kekmk` `c l`pýsktf l` r`sklufs `e `c cuogr l` gcagm`egak`etf. h) Mfestktukr ueg ikgezg `e `c mgsf l` r`sklufs r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs y mugelf gsá gsá cf `xkdge cgs efrags qu` r`oucge cg o`stkýe l` r`sklufs `sp`máikmfs f cgs qu` r`oucge fp`rgmkfe`s l` o`stkýe. Lkmbg ikgezg t`elrç pfr fhd`tf r`spfel`r ir`et` g cg Glakekstrgmkýe l`c muapckak`etf l` cgs fhckogmkfe`s qu` s` l`rkv`e l`c `d`rmkmkf l` cg gmtkvklgl y l` cg gutfrkzgmkýe f mfauekmgmkýe. m) ]usmrkhkr ue s`ourf s`ourf f mfestktukr ueg ogrgetág ikegemk`rg `qukvgc`et` `e `c mgsf l` `etklgl`s f `apr`sgs qu` r`gckm`e fp`rgmkfe`s l` trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs y mugelf gsá cf `xkdge cgs efrags qu` r`oucge cg o`stkýe l` r`sklufs `sp`máikmfs f cgs qu` r`oucge fp`rgmkfe`s l` o`stkýe, pgrg muhrkr cgs r`spfesghkcklgl`s qu` l`rkv`e l` `stgs fp`rgmkfe`s. Lkmbg ogrgetág l`h`rç muhrkr, `e tflf mgsf4 7.´ Cgs kel`aekzgmkfe`s l`hklgs pfr au`rt`, c`skfe`s f `ei`ra`lgl l` cgs p`rsfegs. 8.´ Cgs kel`aekzgmkfe`s l`hklgs pfr lg÷fs `e cgs mfsgs. =.´ Cfs mfst`s l` r`pgrgmkýe y r`mup`rgmkýe l`c a`lkf gahk`et` gct`rglf. @stg mugetág s` l`t`rakegrç mfe grr`ocf g cgs pr`vkskfe`s l` cg c`okscgmkýe sfhr` r`spfesghkcklgl a`lkfgahk`etgc. l) Ef a`zmcgr r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs p`ckorfsfs mfe ftrgs mgt`ofrágs mgt`ofrágs l` r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs ek mfe ftrfs ftrfs r`sklufs, sustgemkgs f agt`rkgc`s. Cg a`zmcg kemcuy` cg lkcumkýe l` sustgemkgs p`ckorfsgs. @c ýrogef mfap`t`et` pflrç p`raktkr a`zmcgs sfcf mugelf4 7.´ cg fp`rgmkýe l` a`zmcglf s`g `i`mtuglg pfr ueg `apr`sg gutfrkzglg: 8.´ ef gua`et`e cfs kapgmtfs glv`rsfs l` cg o`stkýe l` r`sklufs sfhr` cg sgcul buageg y `c a`lkf gahk`et`, y =.´ cg fp`rgmkýe s` bgog mfeifra` g cgs a`dfr`s tëmekmgs lkspfekhc`s.
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`lktfrkgc } m`p
Gl`açs l` cgs fhckogmkfe`s pr`vkstgs `e `st` `páorgi`, cfs o`stfr`s l` r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs muapckrçe cfs r`quksktfs r`mfoklfs `e `c prfm`lkak`etf r`ocga`etgrkga`et` `stghc`mklf r`cgtkvf g cfs r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs.
O. Fhd`tkvfs y a`lklgs `e cg o`stkýe l` cfs r`sklufs g. X`mfokl X`mfoklg, g, pr`pgrgmkýe pgrg cg r`utkckzgmkýe, r`mkmcglf y vgcfrkzgmkýe l` r`sklufs Cgs gutfrklgl`s gahk`etgc`s `e su r`sp`mtkvf çahktf mfap`t`emkgc y `e gt`emkýe g cfs prkemkpkfs l` pr`v`emkýe y ifa`etf l` cg r`utkckzgmkýe y `c r`mkmcglf l` gctg mgcklgl, glfptgrçe cgs a`lklgs e`m`sgrkgs pgrg qu` s` `stghc`zmge skst`ags prkfrktgrkfs pgrg ifa`etgr cg r`utkckzgmkýe l` cfs prflumtfs, cgs gmtkvklgl`s l` pr`pgrgmkýe pgrg cg r`utkckzgmkýe y `c r`mkmcglf. ^rfafv`rçe, `etr` ftrgs a`lklgs, `c `stghc`mkak`etf l` cuogr`s l` gcagm`egak`etf pgrg cfs r`sklufs susm`ptkhc`s l` r`utkckzgmkýe y `c gpfyf gc `stghc`mkak`etf l` r`l`s y m`etrfs l` r`utkckzgmkýe. Gskaksaf, s` kapucsgrçe a`lklgs l` prfafmkýe l` cfs prflumtfs pr`pgrglfs pgrg su r`utkckzgmkýe y prflumtfs r`mkmcglfs g trgvës l` cg mfetrgtgmkýe pôhckmg y l` fhd`tkvfs mugetktgtkvfs `e cfs pcge`s l` o`stkýe. Cgs gutfrklgl`s gahk`etgc`s `e su r`sp`mtkvf çahktf mfap`t`emkgc tfagrçe a`lklgs pgrg ifa`etgr ue r`mkmcglf l` gctg mgcklgl y, g `st` ike, s` `stghc`m`rç ueg r`mfoklg s`pgrglg l` r`sklufs, `etr` ftrfs l` gm`kt`s usglfs, mugelf s`g tëmekmg, `mfeýakmg y a`lkfgahk`etgca`et` igmtkhc` y gl`muglg, pgrg muapckr cfs mrkt`rkfs l` mgcklgl e`m`sgrkfs pgrg cfs s`mtfr`s l` r`mkmcglf mfrr`spfelk`et`s. mfrr`spfelk`et`s. Get`s l` 8>70 l`h`rç `stgr `stghc`mklg ueg r`mfoklg s`pgrglg pgrg, gc a`efs, cfs agt`rkgc`s skouk`et`s4 pgp`c, a`tgc`s, pcçstkmf y vklrkf. Cfs skst`ags l` r`mfoklg s`pgrglg yg `xkst`et`s s` pflrçe glgptgr g cg r`mfoklg s`pgrglg l` cfs agt`rkgc`s g cfs qu` s` r`ik`r` `c pçrrgif get`rkfr. ^flrç r`mfo`rs` açs l` ue agt`rkgc `e cg aksag irgmmkýe sk`apr` qu` s` ogrgetkm` su gl`muglg s`pgrgmkýe pfst`rkfr sk `ccf ef supfe` ueg përlklg l` cg mgcklgl l` cfs agt`rkgc`s fht`eklfs ek ue kemr`a`etf l` mfst`. Cgs @etklgl`s Cfmgc`s bghkcktgrçe `spgmkfs, `stghc`m`rçe kestrua`etfs f a`lklgs pgrg cg r`mfoklg s`pgrglg l` r`sklufs lfaëstkmfs y `e su mgsf, mfa`rmkgc`s g cfs qu` `s pr`mksf lgr ueg o`stkýe lki`r`emkglg hk`e pfr su p`ckorfsklgl, pgrg igmkcktgr su r`mkmcglf f pgrg pr`pgrgr cfs r`sklufs pgrg su r`utkckzgmkýe. Cgs gutfrklgl`s gahk`etgc`s `e su r`sp`mtkvf çahktf mfap`t`emkgc glfptgrçe cgs a`lklgs e`m`sgrkgs pgrg gs`ourgrs` l` qu` cfs r`sklufs s` sfa`tge g fp`rgmkfe`s l` vgcfrkzgmkýe. Mugelf s`g e`m`sgrkf pgrg igmkcktgr f a`dfrgr cg vgcfrkzgmkýe, cfs r`sklufs s` r`mfo`rçe pfr s`pgrglf y ef s` a`zmcgrçe mfe ftrfs r`sklufs u ftrfs agt`rkgc`s mfe prfpk`lgl`s lki`r`et`s. Cgs gutfrklgl`s gahk`etgc`s `e sus r`sp`mtkvfs ^cge`s y ^rforgags ifa`etgrçe aëtflfs l` r`mfoklg `ikmk`et`s l` gmu`rlf mfe cgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs y pfskhkcklgl`s l` mglg t`rrktfrkf f pfhcgmkýe, pgrg igmkcktgr `c muapckak`etf l` cfs fhd`tkvfs l` pr`pgrgmkýe pgrg cg r`utkckzgmkýe, r`mkmcglf y vgcfrgmkýe.
h. Fhd`tkvfs `sp`máikmfs l` pr`pgrgmkýe pgrg cg r`utkckzgmkýe, r`mkmcglf y vgcfrkzgmkýe Mfe fhd`tf l` muapckr cfs fhd`tkvfs l` cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs y l` gvgezgr bgmkg ueg sfmk`lgl l`c r`mkmcglf mfe ue gctf ekv`c l` `ikmk`emkg l` cfs r`mursfs, `c Ofhk`ref y cgs gutfrklgl`s mfap`t`et`s l`h`rçe glfptgr cgs a`lklgs e`m`sgrkgs g trgvës l` cfs
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
720
`lktfrkgc } m`p
pcge`s y prforgags l` o`stkýe l` r`sklufs pgrg ogrgetkzgr qu` s` cforge cfs skouk`et`s fhd`tkvfs y, `e su mgsf, cfs qu` s` `stghc`zmge4 g) Get`s l` 8>8>, cg mgetklgl l` r`sklufs lfaëstkmfs lfaëstkmfs y mfa`rmkgc`s l`stkeglfs l`stkeglfs g cg pr`pgrgmkýe pgrg cg r`utkckzgmkýe y `c r`mkmcglf pgrg cgs irgmmkfe`s l` pgp`c, a`tgc`s, vklrkf, pcçstkmf, hkfrr`sklufs u ftrgs irgmmkfe`s r`mkmcghc`s l`h`rç gcmgezgr, `e mfeduetf, mfaf aáekaf `c 0>% `e p`sf. h) Get`s l` 8>8>, cg mgetklgl l` r`sklufs r`sklufs ef p`ckorfsfs l` mfestrummkýe mfestrummkýe y l`afckmkýe l`afckmkýe l`stkeglfs g cg pr`pgrgmkýe pgrg cg r`utkckzgmkýe, `c r`mkmcglf y ftrg vgcfrkzgmkýe l` agt`rkgc`s, mfe `xmcuskýe l` cfs agt`rkgc`s `e `stglf egturgc l`ikeklfs `e cg mgt`ofrág 7? >0 >< l` cg ckstg l` r`sklufs, l`h`rç gcmgezgr mfaf aáekaf `c ?>% `e p`sf l` cfs prflumklfs. Mglg tr`s g÷fs, cgs Mfaueklgl`s Gutýefags r`aktkrçe gc Akekst`rkf pgrg cg \rgeskmkýe @mfcýokmg cg keifragmkýe e`m`sgrkg pgrg cg v`rkikmgmkýe l`c muapckak`etf l` cfs fhd`tkvfs pr`vkstfs `e `st` `páorgi`.
m. @ckakegmkýe l` r`sklufs Cgs gutfrklgl`s gahk`etgc`s `e su r`sp`mtkvf çahktf mfap`t`emkgc s` gs`ourgrçe l` qu`, mugelf ef s` cc`v` g mghf cg vgcfrkzgmkýe l` r`sklufs, cfs r`sklufs s` sfa`tge g fp`rgmkfe`s l` `ckakegmkýe s`ourgs glfptgelf cgs a`lklgs qu` ogrgetkm`e cg prft`mmkýe l` cg sgcul buageg y `c a`lkf gahk`et`. Cfs r`sklufs l`h`rçe s`r sfa`tklfs g trgtgak`etf pr`vkf g su `ckakegmkýe sgcvf qu` `c trgtgak`etf l` cfs aksafs ef s`g tëmekmga`et` vkghc` f ef qu`l` dustkikmglf pfr rgzfe`s l` prft`mmkýe l` cg sgcul buageg y l`c a`lkf gahk`et`.
Cgs gutfrkzgmkfe`s l` cgs fp`rgmkfe`s l` `ckakegmkýe l` r`sklufs pflrçe qu`lgr sud`tgs g cg pr`stgmkýe l` ueg ikgezg u ftrg ogrgetág ikegemk`rg.
Cg `xko`emkg l` `stgs ogrgetágs s` gpckmgrç ske p`rdukmkf l` gqu`ccgs ftrgs qu` pulk`rge s`r `xkokhc`s g cfs sud`tfs r`spfesghc`s l` cg o`stkýe l` r`sklufs.
B. Hkfrr`skl Hkfrr`sklufs ufs Cgs gutfrklgl`s gahk`etgc`s prfafv`rçe, ske p`rdukmkf l` cgs a`lklgs qu` s` l`rkv`e l` cgs gmtugmkfe`s qu` g ekv`c mfauektgrkf s` `apr`elge `e muapckak`etf l`c ôctkaf pçrrgif l`c grtámucf 88 l` cg Lkr`mtkvg 8>>2/;2/M@, a`lklgs qu` pflrçe kemcukr `e cfs pc ge`s y prforgags l` o`stkýe l` r`sklufs pr`vkstfs `e `c grtámucf 7< l` cg prfpkg C`y l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs, pgrg kapucsgr4 g) Cg r`mfoklg s`pgrglg s`pgrglg l` hkfrr`sklufs pgrg l`stkegrcfs l`stkegrcfs gc mfapfstgd` mfapfstgd` f g cg lko`stkýe geg`rfgeg`rfhkg `e pgrtkmucgr l` cg irgmmkýe v`o`tgc, cfs hkfrr`sklufs l` orgel`s o`e`rglfr`s y cfs hkfrr`sklufs o`e`rglfs `e cfs bfogr`s. h) @c mfapfstgd` lfaëstkmf y mfauektgrkf.
729
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
m) @c trgtgak`etf l` hkfrr`sklufs hkfrr`sklufs r`mfoklfs r`mfoklfs s`pgrglga`et` l` ifrag ifrag qu` s` cfor` ue gctf gctf orglf l` prft`mmkýe l`c a`lkf gahk`et` cc`vglf g mghf `e kestgcgmkfe`s `sp`máikmgs ske qu` s` prfluzmg cg a`zmcg mfe r`sklufs a`zmcglfs g cf cgrof l`c prfm`sf. @e su mgsf, cg gutfrkzgmkýe l` `st` tkpf l` kestgcgmkfe`s l`h`rç kemcukr cgs pr`smrkpmkfe`s tëmekmgs pgrg `c mfrr`mtf trgtgak`etf l` cfs hkfrr`sklufs y cg mgcklgl l` cfs agt`rkgc`s fht`eklfs. l) @c usf l`c mfapfst prflumklf g pgrtkr l` hkfrr`sklufs hkfrr`sklufs y gahk`etgca`et` s`ourf `e `c s`mtfr s`mtfr gorámfcg, cg dgrlke`rág f cg r`o`e`rgmkýe l` çr`gs l`orglglgs, `e sustktumkýe l` ftrgs `eak`elgs froçekmgs y i`rtkckzget`s ake`rgc`s.
K. \rgscglf l` r`sklufs g. Xëoka`e l` cfs trgscglfs l` r`sklufs `e `c ket`rkfr l`c t`rrktfrkf l`c @stglf ]` `etk`el` pfr trgscglf l` r`sklufs `e `c ket`rkfr l`c t`rrktfrkf l`c @stglf, g cfs `i`mtfs l` cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, `c trgespfrt` l` r`sklufs l`sl` ueg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag g ftrg, pgrg su vgcfrkzgmkýe f `ckakegmkýe. Cfs trgscglfs l` r`sklufs `e `c ket`rkfr l`c @stglf s` r`okrçe pfr cf lkspu`stf `e cg mktglg C`y, `e `sp`mkgc `e cf qu` s` r`ik`r` g cg vkokcgemkg, kesp`mmkýe, mfetrfc y rëoka`e sgemkfeglfr. Cfs trgscglfs l` r`sklufs l`stkeglfs g cg `ckakegmkýe y cfs trgscglfs l` r`sklufs lfaëstkmfs a`zmcglfs l`stkeglfs g cg vgcfrkzgmkýe s` `i`mtugrçe t`ek`elf `e mu`etg cfs prkemkpkfs l` gutfsuikmk`emkg y prfxkaklgl. \flf trgscglf l` r`sklufs l`h`rç kr gmfapg÷glf l` ue lfmua`etf l` kl`etkikmgmkýe, g cfs `i`mtfs l` s`oukak`etf y mfetrfc. Cfs fp`rglfr`s qu` vgyge g r`gckzgr ue trgscglf l` r`sklufs pgrg l`stkegrcfs g fp`rgmkfe`s l` `ckakegmkýe l`h`rçe pr`s`etgr ueg eftkikmgmkýe pr`vkg g cgs gutfrklgl`s mfap`t`et`s l` cg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag l` frko`e y l` cg l` l`stkef. Gskaksaf l`h`rçe pr`s`etgr ueg eftkikmgmkýe pr`vkg g cgs aksags gutfrklgl`s cfs fp`rglfr`s qu` vgyge g r`gckzgr ue trgscglf pgrg cg vgcfrkzgmkýe l` r`sklufs lfaëstkmfs a`zmcglfs, l` r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs y l` cfs r`sklufs pgrg cfs qu` r`ocga`etgrkga`et` s` l`t`rake`. Cgs eftkikmgmkfe`s pflrçe s`r o`e`rgc`s mfe cg lurgmkýe t`apfrgc qu` s` l`t`rake` r`ocga`etgrkga`et` f pflrçe r`i`rkrs` g trgscglfs mfemr`tfs. G cfs `i`mtfs l` cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf s` `et`el`rç pfr fp`rglfr `c l`ikeklf mfaf –eftkikmget`‑ `e `c grtámucf 8.70 l`c X`ocga`etf (M@) E.´ 7>7=/8>>9 l`c ^grcga`etf @urfp`f y l`c Mfes`df, l` 7< l` duekf l` 8>>9, r`cgtkvf gc trgscglf l` r`sklufs. Mugelf s` pr`s`et` ueg eftkikmgmkýe pr`vkg g ue trgscglf l` r`sklufs l`stkeglfs g cg `ckakegmkýe, cfs ýrogefs mfap`t`et`s l` cgs Mfaueklgl`s Gutýefags l` frko`e y l` l`stkef, `e `c pcgzf l` 7> lágs l`sl` cg i`mbg l` gmus` l` r`mkhf l` cg aksag, pflrçe fpfe`rs` pfr cfs aftkvfs a`emkfeglfs `e `c grtámucf 77, gpgrtglfs h), o), b), k) l`c mktglf X`ocga`etf mfauektgrkf. Mugelf s` pr`s`et` ueg eftkikmgmkýe pr`vkg g ue trgscglf l` r`sklufs l`stkeglfs g cg vgcfrkzgmkýe cfs ýrogefs mfap`t`et`s l` cgs Mfaueklgl`s Gutýefags l` frko`e y l` l`stkef, `e `c pcgzf l` 7> lágs l`sl` cg i`mbg l` gmus` l` r`mkhf l` cg aksag, pflrçe fpfe`rs` pfr cfs aftkvfs a`emkfeglfs `e `c grtámucf 78, gpgrtglfs g), h) y j) l`c mktglf X`ocga`etf mfauektgrkf.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
72?
`lktfrkgc } m`p
Gskaksaf pflrçe fpfe`rs` g cg `etrglg l` r`sklufs l`stkeglfs g cfs kemke`rglfr`s qu` `stëe mcgskikmglfs mfaf vgcfrkzgmkýe mugelf s` lë gcoueg l` cgs skouk`et`s mkrmuestgemkgs4 g) Wu` cfs trgscglfs tuvk`rge tuvk`rge mfaf mfes`mu`emkg mfes`mu`emkg qu` cfs r`sklufs prflumklfs `e cg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag l` l`stkef tuvk`rge qu` s`r `ckakeglfs. h) Wu` cfs trgscglfs tuvk`rge tuvk`rge mfaf mfes`mu`emkg mfes`mu`emkg qu` cfs r`sklufs l` cg Mfaueklgl Mfaueklgl Gutýefag l` l`stkef tuvk`rge qu` s`r trgtglfs l` age`rg qu` ef iu`s` mfapgtkhc` mfe sus pcge`s l` o`stkýe l` r`sklufs. Cg fpfskmkýe l` cfs ýrogefs mfap`t`et`s l` cgs Mfaueklgl`s Gutýefags l` frko`e y l` l`stkef, mugelf s` pr`s`et` ueg eftkikmgmkýe pr`vkg g ue trgscglf l` r`sklufs l`stkeglfs g cg `ckakegmkýe f vgcfrkzgmkýe `e cfs tërakefs l` cfs pçrrgifs get`rkfr`s, ef s`rç l` gpckmgmkýe g cfs r`sklufs sud`tfs g cfs r`quksktfs l` keifragmkýe o`e`rgc mfet`apcglfs `e `c grtámucf =, gpgrtglfs 8 y < l`c X`ocga`etf (M@) e.´ 7>7=/8>>9 l`c ^grcga`etf @urfp`f y l`c Mfes`df, l` 7< l` duekf l` 8>>9. Cfs r`sklufs qu` s` trgscgl`e l` ueg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag g ftrg pgrg su trgtgak`etf, s` mfaputgrçe `e cg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag l` frko`e, g cfs `i`mtfs l`c muapckak`etf l` cfs fhd`tkvfs mfet`eklfs `e su pcge gutfeýakmf l` o`stkýe l` r`sklufs. Cgs l`mkskfe`s qu` glfpt`e cgs Mfaueklgl`s Gutýefags `e gpckmgmkýe l` cfs gpgrtglfs < y 0 s`rçe aftkvglgs, eftkikmglgs g cg Mfakskýe l` mffrlkegmkýe `e agt`rkg l` r`sklufs, y ef pflrçe s`r mfetrgrkgs gc ^cge Egmkfegc agrmf l` o`stkýe l` r`sklufs.
h. @etrglg y sgcklg l` r`sklufs l`c t`rrktfrkf egmkfegc Cg `etrglg y sgcklg l` r`sklufs l`c t`rrktfrkf egmkfegc, gsá mfaf `c trçesktf pfr `c aksaf, s` r`okrç pfr cf lkspu`stf `e `c X`ocga`etf (M@) e.´ 7>7=/8>>9 l`c ^grcga`etf @urfp`f y l`c Mfes`df, l` 7< l` duekf, `c X`ocga`etf (M@) e.´ 7<72/8>>? l` cg Mfakskýe, l` 8; l` efvk`ahr` l` 8>>?, r`cgtkvf g cg `xpfrtgmkýe, mfe ike`s l` vgcfrkzgmkýe, l` l`t`rakeglfs r`sklufs `eua`rglfs `e cfs ge`xfs KKK f KKKG l`c X`ocga`etf (M@) e.´ 7>7=/8>>9 l`c ^grcga`etf @urfp`f y l`c Mfes`df, l` 7< l` duekf, g l`t`rakeglfs pgás`s g cfs qu` ef `s gpckmghc` cg L`mkskýe l` cg FML@ sfhr` `c mfetrfc l` cfs afvkak`etfs trgesirfet`rkzfs l` r`sklufs, pfr cg l`açs c`okscgmkýe mfauektgrkg y pfr cfs trgtglfs ket`regmkfegc`s `e cfs qu` @spg÷g s`g p grt`. @c Akekst`rkf pgrg cg \rgeskmkýe @mfcýokmg pflrç prfbkhkr, l` ifrag aftkvglg, cg `xp`lkmkýe l` r`sklufs mfe l`stkef g t`rm`rfs pgás`s ef mfauektgrkfs mugelf `xkstg gcoueg rgzýe pgrg pr`v`r qu` ef vge g s`r o`stkfeglfs `e `c pgás l` l`stkef ske pfe`r `e p`ckorf cg sgcul buageg f ske p`rdulkmgr `c a`lkf gahk`et`. @c Akekst`rkf pgrg cg \rgeskmkýe @mfcýokmg pflrç prfbkhkr, l` ifrag aftkvglg, tflg kapfrtgmkýe l` r`sklufs prfm`l`et`s l` t`rm`rfs t`rm`rfs pgás`s mugelf `xkstg gcoueg rgzýe pgrg pr`v`r qu` cfs r`sklufs ef vge g s`r o`stkfeglfs ske pfe`r `e p`ckorf cg sgcul buageg f ske p`rdulkmgr `c a`lkf gahk`et`, lurget` `c trgespfrt` f su pfst`rkfr trgtgak`etf. Gskaksaf, `c Akekst`rkf pgrg cg \rgeskmkýe @mfcýokmg, `e cfs trgscglfs prfm`l`et`s l` pgás`s t`rm`rfs, y cgs Mfaueklgl`s Gutýefags, `e cfs supu`stfs l` trgscglfs `e `c ket`rkfr l` cg Pekýe @urfp`g, pflrçe ckaktgr cfs trgscglfs `etrget`s l` r`sklufs l`stkeglfs g cfs kemke`rglfr`s qu` `stëe mcgskikmglfs mfaf vgcfrkzgmkýe, mugelf s` bgyg `stghc`mklf qu` lkmbfs trgscglfs t`elráge mfaf mfes`mu`emkg qu` cfs r`sklufs egmkfegc`s t`elráge qu` s`r `ckakeglfs f qu` `stfs r`sklufs t`elráge qu` s`r trgtglfs l` ueg age`rg qu` ef iu`s` mfapgtkhc` mfe cfs pcge`s l` o`stkýe l` r`sklufs r`oucglfs `e `c grtámucf 7< l` cg prfpkg C`y l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs.
722
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
Cgs l`mkskfe`s qu` `e `st` s`etklf glfpt`e cgs Mfaueklgl`s Gutýefags l`h`rçe s`r eftkikmglgs gc Akekst`rkf pgrg cg \rgeskmkýe @mfcýokmg, quk`e cf eftkikmgrç g c g Mfakskýe @urfp`g. Gc fhd`tf l` lgr prkfrklgl g cg r`o`e`rgmkýe l` cfs gm`kt`s kelustrkgc`s usglfs, cgs gutfrklgl`s mfap`t`et`s pflrçe r`strkeokr cg sgcklg l`c t`rrktfrkf egmkfegc l` gm`kt`s usglfs mfe l`stkef g kestgcgmkfe`s l` kemke`rgmkýe f mfkemke`rgmkýe mfeifra` g cgs fhd`mkfe`s pr`vkstgs `e cfs grtámucfs 77 f 78 l`c X`ocga`etf (M@) e.´ 7>7=/8>>9. @e cfs trgscglfs l` r`sklufs qu`, l` mfeifraklgl mfe `c grtámucf 72 l`c X`ocga`etf (M@) e.´ 7>7=/8>>9, l`hge kr gmfapg÷glfs l`c lfmua`etf qu` ikourg `e `c ge`xf YKK l`c mktglf X`ocga`etf, cg p`rsfeg qu` frogekm` `c trgscglf l`h`rç suakekstrgr, g cfs `i`mtfs l` kesp`mmkýe, `d`mumkýe, `stglástkmg y pcgekikmgmkýe, lkmbf lfmua`etf4 g) `e `c mgsf l` trgscglfs l` r`sklufs r`sklufs l`sl` f bgmkg t`rm`rfs t`rm`rfs pgás`s ef p`rt`e`mk`et`s p`rt`e`mk`et`s g cg Pekýe @urfp`g, g cgs gutfrklgl`s gluge`rgs y gc Akekst`rkf Akek st`rkf pgrg cg \rgeskmkýe @mfcýokmg. h) `e `c mgsf l` trgscglfs trgscglfs l` r`sklufs l`sl` f bgmkg pgás`s l` cg Pekýe @urfp`g, g cg gutfrklgl mfap`t`et` `e agt`rkg l` trgscglfs l` r`sklufs `e cg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag l` frko`e f l`stkef l`c trgscglf, quk`e g su v`z cg igmkcktgrç gc Akekst`rkf pgrg cg \rgeskmkýe @mfcýokmg. @e gqu`ccfs mgsfs `e cfs qu` gsá cf r`quk`rg cg c`okscgmkýe mfauektgrkg y egmkfegc, `stg keifragmkýe s`rç trgtglg mfaf keifragmkýe mfeikl`emkgc.
D. Xëoka`e l` gutfrkzgmkýe y mfauekmgmkýe l` cgs gmtkvklgl`s l` prflummkýe y o`stkýe l` r`sklufs g. Gutfrkzgmkýe l` cgs fp`rgmkfe`s l` trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs Wu`lge sfa`tklgs gc rëoka`e l` gutfrkzgmkýe pfr `c ýrogef gahk`etgc mfap`t`et` l` cg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag lfel` `stçe uhkmglgs, cgs kestgcgmkfe`s lfel` vgyge g l`sgrrfccgrs` fp`rgmkfe`s l` trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs, kemcuklf `c gcagm`egak`etf `e `c çahktf l` cg r`mfoklg `e `sp`rg l` trgtgak`etf, gsá mfaf cg gapckgmkýe, aflkikmgmkýe sustgemkgc f trgscglf l` lkmbg kestgcgmkýe. Gskaksaf l`h`rçe fht`e`r gutfrkzgmkýe cgs p`rsfegs iáskmgs f durálkmgs pgrg r`gckzgr ueg f vgrkgs fp`rgmkfe`s l` trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs. @stgs gutfrkzgmkfe`s s`rçe mfem`lklgs pfr `c ýrogef gahk`etgc mfap`t`et` l` cg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag lfel` t`eoge su lfakmkckf cfs sfckmktget`s y s`rçe vçcklgs pgrg tflf `c t`rrktfrkf `spg÷fc. Cgs Mfaueklgl`s Gutýefags ef pflrçe mfelkmkfegr `c ftfrogak`etf l` cg gutfrkzgmkýe pr`vkstg `e `st` gpgrtglf g qu` `c sfckmktget` mu`et` mfe kestgcgmkfe`s pgrg `c trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs `e su t`rrktfrkf. @e gqu`ccfs mgsfs `e qu` cg p`rsfeg iáskmg f durálkmg qu` sfckmkt` cg gutfrkzgmkýe pgrg r`gckzgr ueg f vgrkgs fp`rgmkfe`s l` trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs s`g tktucgr l` cg kestgcgmkýe l` trgtgak`etf lfel` vgyge g l`sgrrfccgrs` lkmbgs fp`rgmkfe`s, `c ýrogef gahk`etgc mfap`t`et` l` cg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag lfel` `stë uhkmglg cg kestgcgmkýe mfem`l`rç ueg sfcg gutfrkzgmkýe qu` mfapr`elg cg l` cg kestgcgmkýe y cg l` cgs fp`rgmkfe`s l` trgtgak`etf. Cgs sfckmktul`s l` gutfrkzgmkýe gquá pr`vkstgs mfet`elrçe gc a`efs cg keifragmkýe kelkmglg `e `c ge`xf YK l` cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs, y t`elrçe `c mfet`eklf l`smrktf `e `c ge`xf YKK l` cg aksag. ^grg cg mfem`skýe l` `stgs gutfrkzgmkfe`s cfs ýrogefs glakekstrgtkvfs mfap`t`et`s r`gckzgrçe, pfr sá aksafs f mfe `c gpfyf l` cgs `etklgl`s mfcghfrglfrgs l`hklga`et` r`mfefmklgs mfeifra` g cgs
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
72;
`lktfrkgc } m`p
efrags qu` c`s s`ge l` gpckmgmkýe, cgs kesp`mmkfe`s pr`vkgs y cgs mfaprfhgmkfe`s e`m`sgrkgs e`m`sgrkgs `e mglg mgsf. @e pgrtkmucgr, mfaprfhgrçe4 g) Cg gl`mugmkýe l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s kestgcgmkfe`s g cgs fp`rgmkfe`s fp`rgmkfe`s l` trgtgak`etf pr`vkstgs pr`vkstgs `e cgs aksags. h) @c muapckak`etf l` cfs r`quksktfs tëmekmfs, tëmekmfs, prfi`skfegc`s f l` mugcquk`r ftrf tkpf pgrg cc`vgr g mghf lkmbg gmtkvklgl pfr cg `apr`sg qu` vg g r`gckzgr cgs fp`rgmkfe`s l` trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs. m) Wu` `c aëtflf l` trgtgak`etf pr`vkstf `s gm`ptghc` l`sl` l`sl` `c puetf l` vkstg l` cg prft`mmkýe l`c a`lkf gahk`et`. @e pgrtkmucgr, mugelf `c aëtflf ef s` gdust` g cfs prkemkpkfs l` prft`mmkýe l` cg sgcul buageg y a`lkf gahk`et` gahk `et` pr`vkstfs `e `c grtámucf ? l` cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs, s` l`e`ogrç cg gutfrkzgmkýe. l) Wu` cgs fp`rgmkfe`s l` kemke`rgmkýe f l` mfkemke`rgmkýe mfkemke`rgmkýe mfe vgcfrkzgmkýe `e`roëtkmg, `e`roëtkmg, s` r`gckr`gckm`e mfe ue gctf ekv`c l` `ikmk`emkg `e`roëtkmg: `e `c mgsf l` trgtgrs` l` r`sklufs lfaëstkmfs, `c ekv`c l` `ikmk`emkg `e`roëtkmg l`h` gdustgrs` g cfs ekv`c`s ikdglfs `e `c ge`xf KK l` cg prfpkg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs. Cgs gutfrkzgmkfe`s mfet`eklgs `e `st` grtámucf pflrçe ket`orgrs` `e cgs gutfrkzgmkfe` gutfrkzgmkfe`ss fht`eklgs mfe grr`ocf g ftrg efragtkvg mfauektgrkg, `stgtgc f gutfeýakmg, sk`apr` qu` s` muapcge cfs r`quksktfs `stghc`mklfs `e cg mktglg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf. Cg gutfrkzgmkýe kekmkgca`et` pr`vkstg `e `st` `páorgi` pgrg cgs kestgcgmkfe`s l` trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs qu`lgrç ket`orglg `e cg gutfrkzgmkýe gahk`etgc ket`orglg mfem`lklg mfeifra` gc X`gc L`mr`tf C`okscgtkvf 7/8>79, l` 79 l` lkmk`ahr`, pfr `c qu` s` gpru`hg `c t`xtf r`iuelklf l` cg C`y l` pr`v`emkýe y mfetrfc ket`orglfs l` cg mfetgakegmkýe, ` kemcukrç cfs r`quksktfs gquá r`mfoklfs. Cg gutfrklgl mfap`t`et` kemfrpfrgrç cg keifragmkýe p`rtke`et` `e su r`okstrf l` prflummkýe y o`stkýe l` r`sklufs. Cgs gutfrkzgmkfe`s gquá pr`vkstgs s` mfem`l`rçe pfr ue pcgzf açxkaf l` 2 g÷fs, pgsglf `c mugc s` r`efvgrçe gutfaçtkmga`et` pfr p`ráflfs sum`skvfs, mfe `xm`pmkýe l` cgs gutfrkzgmkfe`s ftfroglgs g cgs kestgcgmkfe`s g cgs qu` r`suct` l` gpckmgmkýe `c X`gc L`mr`tf C`okscgtkvf 7/8>79, l` 79 l` lkmk`ahr`, pfr `c qu` s` gpru`hg `c t`xtf r`iuelklf l` cg C`y l` pr`v`emkýe y mfetrfc ket`orglfs l` cg mfetgakegmkýe, muyf pcgzf l` vko`emkg mfkemklkrç mfe `c l` cg gutfrkzgmkýe gahk`etgc ket`orglg. \flgs cgs gutfrkzgmkfe`s s` kesmrkhkrçe pfr cg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag `e `c r`okstrf l` prflummkýe y o`stkýe l` r`sklufs. Cg trgesakskýe l` cgs gutfrkzgmkfe`s `stgrç sud`tg g cg pr`vkg mfaprfhgmkýe, pfr cg gutfrklgl mfap`t`et`, l` qu` cgs fp`rgmkfe`s l` trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs y cgs kestgcgmkfe`s `e qu` gqu`ccgs s` r`gckzge muapc`e mfe cf r`oucglf `e cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglf y `e sus efrags l` l`sgrrfccf. @c pcgzf açxkaf pgrg lkmtgr cg r`sfcumkýe qu` pfeog ike g cfs prfm`lkak`etfs l` gutfrkzgmkýe gquá pr`vkstfs s`rç l` lk`z a`s`s. \rgesmurrklf `c pcgzf pr`vkstf ske bgh`rs` eftkikmglf r`sfcumkýe `xpr`sg s` `et`el`rç l`s`stkaglg cg sfckmktul pr`s`etglg.
h. @x`emkfe`s l` cfs r`quksktfs l` gutfrkzgmkýe ^flrçe qu`lgr `x`etgs l` gutfrkzgmkýe cgs `etklgl`s f `apr`sgs qu` cc`v`e g mghf cg `ckakegmkýe l` sus prfpkfs r`sklufs ef p`ckorfsfs `e `c cuogr l` prflummkýe f qu` vgcfrkm`e r`sklufs ef p`ckorfsfs. ^grg mfem`l`r cgs `x`emkfe`s l` gutfrkzgmkýe pr`vkstgs get`rkfra`et` s` `stghc`m`rçe mfe r`sp`mtf g mglg tkpf l` gmtkvklgl efrags o`e`rgc`s qu` `sp`mkikqu`e cfs tkpfs y mgetklgl`s l`
7;>
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
r`sklufs g cfs qu` s` pflrç gpckmgr lkmbg `x`emkýe, gsá mfaf cfs aëtflfs l` trgtgak`etf qu` l`hge `apc`grs`. Lkmbgs efrags ogrgetkzgrçe qu` `c trgtgak`etf l`c r`skluf s` r`gckzgrç ske pfe`r `e p`ckorf cg sgcul l` cgs p`rsfegs y ske lg÷gr gc a`lkf gahk`et`. @e `c mgsf l` cgs fp`rgmkfe`s l` `ckakegmkýe mfet`apcglgs `e `c gpgrtglf 7, lkmbgs efrags l`h`rçe t`e`r `e mu`etg cgs a`dfr`s tëmekmgs lkspfekhc`s. Cgs efrags pr`vkstgs get`rkfra`et`, s` gprfhgrçe a`lkget` frl`e l`c Akekstrf l` Gorkmucturg, Gcka`etgmkýe y A`lkf Gahk`et`, ueg v`z gegckzglg cg prfpu`stg pfr cg Mfakskýe l` mffrlkegmkýe `e agt`rkg l` r`sklufs, y s` keifragrç l` `ccf g cg Mfakskýe @urfp`g.
m. Mfauekmgmkýe pr`vkg gc kekmkf l` cgs gmtkvklgl`s l` prflummkýe y o`stkýe l` r`sklufs ]ke p`rdukmkf l` cf lkspu`stf `e ftrg efragtkvg l` mgrçmt`r s`mtfrkgc, l`h`rçe pr`s`etgr ueg mfauekmgmkýe pr`vkg gc kekmkf l` sus gmtkvklgl`s get` `c ýrogef gahk`etgc mfap`t`et` l` cg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag lfel` `stëe uhkmglgs, cgs `etklgl`s f `apr`sgs qu` s` `emu`etr`e `e gcouef l` cfs supu`stfs qu` s` `euemkge g mfetkeugmkýe4 g) kestgcgmkýe, gapckgmkýe, aflkikmgmkýe aflkikmgmkýe sustgemkgc f trgscglf trgscglf l` kelustrkgs f gmtkvklgl`s gmtkvklgl`s qu` prfluzmge r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs, f qu` o`e`r`e açs l` 7>>> t/g÷f l` r`sklufs ef p`ckorfsfs: h) r`gckzgmkýe l` gmtkvklgl`s qu` `stëe `stëe `x`etgs l` gutfrkzgmkýe. Gskaksaf, l`h`rçe pr`s`etgr ueg mfauekmgmkýe pr`vkg gc kekmkf l` sus gmtkvklgl`s get` `c ýrogef mfap`t`et` l` cg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag lfel` t`eoge su s`l` sfmkgc, cgs `etklgl`s f `apr`sgs qu` r`mfdge r`sklufs ske ueg kestgcgmkýe gsfmkglg, cgs qu` trgespfrt`e r`sklufs mfe mgrçmt`r prfi`skfegc y cfs e`ofmkget`s f go`et`s. Cg mfauekmgmkýe t`elrç `c mfet`eklf kelkmglf `e `c ge`xf YKKK l` cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs, s`rç vçcklg `e tflf `c t`rrktfrkf egmkfegc y s` kesmrkhkrç, k esmrkhkrç, pfr cg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag get` cg qu` s` bgyg pr`s`etglf `e su r`sp`mtkvf r`okstrf. @stg keifragmkýe s` kemfrpfrgrç `e `c X`okstrf l` prflummkýe y o`stkýe l` r`sklufs. Wu`lge `x`etgs l` pr`s`etgr mfauekmgmkýe gqu`ccgs `apr`sgs qu` bgyge fht`eklf gutfrkzgmkýe pgrg `c trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs y qu` mfaf mfes`mu`emkg l` su gmtkvklgl prfluzmge r`sklufs. Ef fhstget`, t`elrçe cg mfeskl`rgmkýe l` prflumtfr`s l` r`sklufs g cfs l`açs `i`mtfs r`oucglfs `e cg prfpkg C`y l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs.
l. X`stghc`mka X`stghc`mkak`etf k`etf l` cg c`ogcklgl gahk`etgc Mfe `c ike l` gs`ourgr `c muapckak`etf l` cf pr`vkstf `e cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs, cg gutfrklgl mfap`t`et` pflrç glfptgr gcoueg l` cgs skouk`et`s a`lklgs4 g) @c mk`rr` l`c `stghc`mkak`etf f cg pgrgckzgmkýe l` cg gmtkvklgl mugelf `stfs ef mu`et`e mfe cgs gutfrkzgmkfe`s, l`mcgrgmkfe`s f r`okstrf mfrr`spfelk`et`s mfrr`spfelk`et`s.. h) Cg susp`eskýe t`apfrgc t`apfrgc l` cg gmtkvklgl mugelf ef s` gdust` g cf l`mcgrglf f g cgs mfelkmkfe`s kapu`stgs pfr cg mktglg gutfrklgl, sk`apr` qu` l` `ccf s` l`rkv` ue rk`sof orgv` pgrg `c a`lkf gahk`et` f cg sgcul pôhckmg, lurget` `c p`ráflf e`m`sgrkf pgrg qu` s` suhsge`e cfs l`i`mtfs qu` pulk`rge `xkstkr. Cfs gmtfs pr`vkstfs get`rkfra`et` ef t`elrçe mfeskl`rgmkýe l` sgemkýe y s` lkmtgrçe y trgaktgrçe mfeifra` g cf lkspu`stf `e cg efragtkvg gutfeýakmg pgrg cfs prfm`lkak`etfs pgrg `c r`stghc`mk-
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7;7
`lktfrkgc } m`p
ak`etf l` cg c`ogcklgl gahk`etgc, f `e su mgsf, pgrg cfs prfm`lkak`etfs qu` r`ouc`e cg mfem`skýe l` cg gutfrkzgmkýe, l`mcgrgmkýe f r`okstrf qu` l`hg mfem`l`rs`.
J. X`spfesghkc X`spfesghkcklgl, klgl, vkokcgem vkokcgemkg, kg, kesp`mmkýe y mfetrfc g. Gcmgem` l` cg r`spfesghk r`spfesghkcklgl cklgl `e agt`rkg l` r`sklufs Cfs r`sklufs t`elrçe sk`apr` ue r`spfesghc` l`c muapckak`etf l` cgs fhckogmkfe`s qu` l`rkvge l `rkvge l` su prflummkýe y o`stkýe, mugcklgl qu` mfrr`spfel` gc prflumtfr f g ftrf pfs``lfr kekmkgc f gc o`stfr l` r`sklufs, `e cfs tërakefs pr`vkstfs `e cg gegckzglg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglf y `e sus efrags l` l`sgrrfccf. @stfs sud`tfs pflrçe `d`rm`r gmmkfe`s l` r`p`tkmkýe mugelf cfs mfst`s `e qu` buhk`rge kemurrklf l`rkv`e l` cfs kemuapckak`etfs c`ogc`s f mfetrgmtugc`s l` ftrgs p`rsfegs iáskmgs f durálkmgs.
h. Mfap`t`emk Mfap`t`emkgs gs y a`lkfs l` vkokcgem vkokcgemkg, kg, kesp`mmký kesp`mmkýe e y mfetrfc Cgs iuemkfe`s l` vkokcgemkg, kesp`mmkýe y mfetrfc l`c mfrr`mtf muapckak`etf l` cf pr`vkstf `e cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf y `e sus efrags l` l`sgrrfccf s` `d`rm`rçe pfr cgs gutfrklgl`s glakekstrgtkvgs `e su mfrr`spfelk`et` çahktf mfap`t`emkgc `e agt`rkg l` r`sklufs y l` s`ourklgl mkulglgeg. Cgs iuemkfe`s l` kesp`mmkýe l`h`rçe s`r cc`vglgs g mghf a`lkget` cfs mu`rpfs l` kesp`mmkýe l`hklga`et` r`mfefmklfs mfeifra` mfeifra` g cgs efrags qu` c`s s`ge l` gpckmgmkýe. Cgs gutfrklgl`s mfap`t`et`s s` lftgrçe l` cfs a`lkfs buagefs y agt`rkgc`s suikmk`et`s pgrg lgr muapckak`etf g cgs fhckogmkfe`s l` vkokcgemkg, kesp`mmkýe y mfetrfc qu` l`rkvge l`c rëoka`e l` gutfrkzgmkfe`s, mfauekmgmkfe`s ` kesp`mmkfe`s pr`vkstf `e `stg efrag.
Cgs iuemkfe`s l` vkokcgemkg, kesp`mmkýe y mfetrfc pflrçe s`r cc`vglgs g mghf mfe `c gpfyf l` `etklgl`s mfcghfrglfrgs l`hklga`et` r`mfefmklgs mfeifra` g cgs efrags qu` c`s s`ge l` gpckmgmkýe.
m. Kesp`mmký Kesp`mmkýe e Cgs `etklgl`s y `apr`sgs qu` cc`v`e g mghf fp`rgmkfe`s l` trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs, cgs qu` r`mfdge f trgespfrt`e r`sklufs mfe mgrçmt`r prfi`skfegc, cfs go`et`s y e`ofmkget`s y cfs `stghc`mkak`etfs y `apr`sgs qu` prfluzmge r`sklufs, `stgrçe sud`tfs g cgs kesp`mmkfe`s p`rkýlkmgs p`rkýlkmgs qu` cgs gutfrklgl`s mfap`t`et`s `stka`e gl`muglgs. Gsá aksaf, cfs skst`ags l` gpckmgmkýe l` cg r`spfesghkcklgl gapckglg l`c prflumtfr l`c prflumtf `stgrçe sud`tfs g cgs kesp`mmkfe`s p`rkýlkmgs gl`muglgs `i`mtuglgs pfr cgs gutfrklgl`s mfap`t`et`s `e `c t`rrktfrkf `e `c qu` bgyge l`sgrrfccglf su gmtkvklgl.
7;8
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
@c ýrogef mfap`t`et` pflrç mfaprfhgr `e mugcquk`r afa`etf qu` s` muapc`e cfs r`quksktfs pgrg `c aget`ekak`etf l` cgs gutfrkzgmkfe`s ftfroglgs y pgrg mfetkeugr cg gmtkvklgl pr`vkstg `e cgs mfauekmgmkfe`s s`oôe cf pr`vkstf `e cg C`y 88/8>77, 8 8/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs: `e mgsf l` qu` ef iu`rg gsá s` pflrç susp`el`r cg gutfrkzgmkýe f pgrgckzgr prfvkskfegca`et` cg gmtkvklgl pr`vkstg `e cg mfauekmgmkýe y s` prfpfelrçe cgs a`lklgs g glfptgr f, `e su mgsf, s` pflrç r`vfmgr cg gutfrkzgmkýe f pgrgckzgr l`ikektkvga`et` cg gmtkvklgl. @c mfst` l` cgs kesp`mmkfe`s pr`vkgs g cg mfem`skýe l` gutfrkzgmkfe`s pflrç s`r kaputglf g cfs sfckmktget`s l` `stgs, mfe grr`ocf g cg mfrr`spfelk`et` tgsg. Cfs tktucgr`s l` cgs `etklgl`s y `apr`sgs a`emkfeglgs get`rkfra`et` `stgrçe fhckoglfs g pr`stgr tflg cg mfcghfrgmkýe g cgs gutfrklgl`s mfap`t`et`s, kemcuklg cg pu`stg g lkspfskmkýe l`c Grmbkvf mrfefcýokmf gc qu` s` r`ik`r` `c grtámucf <> l` cg mktglg C`y l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs, l`hklga`et` gmtugckzglf, g ike l` p`raktkrc`s r`gckzgr cfs `xça`e`s, mfetrfc`s, tfag l` au`strgs, r`mfoklg l` keifragmkýe, mfaprfhgmkýe l` cg lfmua`etgmkýe y mugcquk`r ftrg fp`rgmkýe pgrg `c muapckak`etf l` su akskýe. Cgs kesp`mmkfe`s l` cgs fp`rgmkfe`s l` r`mfoklg y trgespfrt` muhrkrçe `c frko`e, cg egturgc`zg, cg mgetklgl y `c l`stkef l` cfs r`sklufs r`mfoklfs y trgespfrtglfs. Cgs gutfrklgl`s mfap`t`et`s pflrçe tfagr `e mfeskl`rgmkýe cfs r`okstrfs `i`mtuglfs mfe grr`ocf gc skst`ag mfauektgrkf l` o`stkýe y gulktfrkg a`lkfgahk`etgc`s (@AG]), u ftrfs `qukvgc`et`s, `sp`mkgca`et` `e cf qu` s` r`ik`r` g cg ir`mu`emkg ` ket`esklgl l` cgs kesp`mmkfe`s.
C. ]ud`tfs r`spfesghc`s l` cgs keirgmmkfe`s ^flrçe s`r sgemkfeglgs pfr cfs b`mbfs mfestktutkvfs l` cgs keirgmmkfe`s glakekstrgtkvgs r`mfoklgs `e `c mgpátucf KK l`c \átucf YKK l` cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, cgs p`rsfegs iáskmgs f durálkmgs qu` cfs mfa`tge, l` gmu`rlf mfe cf `stghc`mklf `e cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs y ske p`rdukmkf, `e su mgsf, l` cgs mfrr`spfelk`et`s r`spfesghkcklgl`s mkvkc`s, p`egc`s y a`lkfgahk`etgc`s. Mugelf `c muapckak`etf l` cf `stghc`mklf `e cg r`i`rklg C`y mfrr`spfelg g vgrkgs p`rsfegs mfeduetga`et`, r`spfel`rçe l` ifrag sfcklgrkg l` cgs sgemkfe`s p`muekgrkgs, l` mfeifraklgl mfe cf lkspu`stf `e `c grtámucf 82.= l` cg C`y <>/8>70, l` 7 l` fmtuhr`, l` Xëoka`e Durálkmf l`c ]`mtfr ^ôhckmf. Cg r`spfesghkcklgl s`rç sfcklgrkg, `e tflf mgsf, `e cfs skouk`et`s supu`stfs4 g) Mugelf `c prflumtfr, `c pfs``lfr pfs``lfr kekmkgc f `c o`stfr l` r`sklufs cfs `etr`ou` `etr`ou` g p`rsfeg iáskmg f durálkmg lkstketg l` cgs s`÷gcglgs `e cg C`y l` r`sklufs r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs. mfetgakeglfs. h) Mugelf s`ge vgrkfs cfs r`spfesghc`s y ef s`g pfskhc` l`t`rakegr l`t`rakegr `c orglf l` pgrtkmkpgmkýe l` mglg uef `e cg r`gckzgmkýe l` cg keirgmmkýe. Mugelf cfs lg÷fs mgusglfs gc a`lkf gahk`et` s` prfluzmge pfr gmuaucgmkýe l` gmtkvklgl`s l`hklgs g lki`r`et`s p`rsfegs, cg glakekstrgmkýe mfap`t`et` pflrç kaputgr kelkvklugca`et` `stg r`spfesghkcklgl y sus `i`mtfs `mfeýakmfs. `mfeýakmfs.
2.= @sp`mkgc r`i`r`emkg gc ^cge Ket`orgc l` X`sklufs l` Mgstkccg y C`ýe @c vko`et` ^cge Ket`orgc l` l ` X`sklufs l` Mgstkccg y C`ýe (^KXMyC) iu` gprfhglf pfr L`mr`tf 77/8>7<, l` 8> l` agrzf.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7;=
`lktfrkgc } m`p
G. Mgrgmt`rástkmgs @c ^cge Ket`orgc l` X`sklufs l` Mgstkccg y C`ýe s` mgrgmt`rkzg pfr4 - ]u mgrçmt`r mgrçmt`r ket`orglfr, ket`orglfr, yg qu` ghfrlg cg tftgcklgl l` cfs r`sklufs r`sklufs o`e`rglfs `e cg MfauekMfaueklgl Gutýefag. @e mfemr`tf mfemr`tf,, `st` pcge kemcuy` `e su çahktf agt`rkgc4 cfs r`sklufs lfaëstkmfs y mfa`rmkgc`s, cfs r`sklufs kelustrkgc`s (ef p`ckorfsfs y p`ckorfsfs), cfs r`sklufs l` mfestrummkýe y l`afckmkýe, cfs r`sklufs sud`tfs gc prkemkpkf l` r`spfesghkcklgl gapckglg l`c prflumtfr, tgc`s mfaf `evgs`s y r`sklufs l` `evgs`s, pkcgs y gmuaucglfr`s, r`sklufs l` gpgrgtfs `cëmtrkmfs y `c`mtrýekmfs, gm`kt`s usglfs kelustrkgc`s, e`uaçtkmfs iu`rg l` usf, y ftrfs r`sklufs sud`tfs g c`okscgmkýe `sp`máikmg mfaf v`bámucfs iu`rg l` usf y r`sklufs sgektgrkfs. - ^ft`emkgr `c mgrçmt`r mgrçmt`r trgesv`rsgc trgesv`rsgc l` cgs gmmkfe`s gmmkfe`s qu` cf mfapfe`e hgdf `c prksag l` ueg pfcátkmg qu` mfeskl`rg gc aksaf ekv`c e kv`c cfs gsp`mtfs gahk`etgc`s, prkemkpgca`et`, ifmgckzglfs `e cg pr`v`emkýe, cfs `mfeýakmfs y cfs sfmkgc`s. Gsá, `c pcge p`rakt` lgr mfet`eklf g mfem`ptfs qu` trgsmk`el`e gc çahktf l` cg o`stkýe l` r`sklufs, mfaf cg pr`v`emkýe y `c l`sgrrfccf `mfeýakmf.
H. Fhd`tf @c fhd`tf l`c ^cge `s `c `stghc`mkak`etf l` cgs hgs`s e`m`sgrkgs pgrg4 - Kapucsgr g ekv`c r`okfegc r`okfegc `c muapckak`etf muapckak`etf l` cfs fhd`tkvfs fhd`tkvfs `stghc`mklfs `stghc`mklfs `e cgs Lkr`mtkvgs Lkr`mtkvgs @urfp`gs, pgrg pfl`r gmm`l`r g cg ikegemkgmkýe `urfp`g sud`tg gc muapckak`etf l` cfs r`quksktfs l` mfelkmkfegcklgl –`x get`‑ `e agt`rkg l` r`sklufs. - Igvfr`m`r ` kapucsgr `c muapckak`etf l` cfs fhd`tkvfs `stghc`mklfs `e cg C`y 88/8>77. - ^rfafv`r cg pr`v`emkýe `e agt`rkg l` r`sklufs, r`sklufs, a`lkget` cg gprfhgmkýe l`c ^rforgag l` X`sklufs g qu` s` r`ik`r` `c grtámucf 70 l` cg C`y 88/8>77. - Lgr mfetkeuklgl g cfs kestrua`etfs kestrua`etfs l` pcgekikmgmkýe pcgekikmgmkýe r`okfegc r`okfegc gprfhglfs gprfhglfs `e agt`rkg l` o`stkýe l` r`sklufs, y `e pgrtkmucgr, g cg @strgt`okg X`okfegc l` X`sklufs l` Mgstkccg y C`ýe. - @stghc`m`r uegs frk`etgmkfe`s frk`etgmkfe`s `strgtëokmgs `strgtëokmgs o`e`rgc`s qu` ouá`e cg gmmkýe pfcátkmg `e r`sklufs g ekv`c r`okfegc.
M. Mfet`eklf @c ^KXMyC s` `strumturg `e 88 mgpátucfs, gmfapg÷glfs l` ueg s`rk` l` ge`xfs, y l`sgrrfccglf `e s`ks pgrt`s prkemkpgc`s4 - Cg prka`rg pgrt` mfetk`e` mfetk`e` ue geçcksks l` cfs get`m`l`et`s, cg dustkikmgmkýe l` cg e`m`sklgl e`m`sklgl l` su r`lgmmkýe, su gpckmgmkýe mfetkeuglg `e `c tk`apf, su `vgcugmkýe y aflkikmgmkýe, su çahktf agt`rkgc y cgs r`spfesghkcklgl`s l` cfs lkstketfs go`et`s. - Cg s`ouelg pgrt` l`smrkh` l`smrkh` cg sktugmkýe gmtugc gmtugc l` cg prflummkýe y o`stkýe l` r`sklufs `e Mgstkccg y C`ýe, lgtfs prkemkpgc`s l` o`e`rgmkýe y o`stkýe, gsá mfaf ueg `vgcugmkýe l` cg mgpgmklgl l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s l` trgtgak`etf `xkst`et`s `e `c t`rrktfrkf l` Mgstkccg y C`ýe.
7;<
\`ag =
`lktfrkgc } m`p
- Cg t`rm`rg pgrt` gegckzg cfs prkemkpkfs r`mtfr`s y fhd`tkvfs `strgtëokmfs l`c ^cge, gsá mfaf cfs afl`cfs `strgtëokmfs pgrg cfs lkstketfs icudfs l` r`sklufs o`e`rglfs. Gskaksaf, s` kemfrpfrge c fs fhd`tkvfs mugetktgtkvfs c`ogc`s l` r`i`r`emkg, gsá mfaf cg mfetrkhumkýe l` cg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag pgrg cg mfes`mumkýe l` lkmbfs fhd`tkvfs c`ogc`s, y cfs kestrua`etfs qu` bghkcktg `c ^cge pgrg `c l`sgrrfccf l` cfs ^rforgags. - Cg pgrt` mugrtg l`smrkh` l`smrkh` cfs prforgags, prforgags, mfa`ezgelf mfa`ezgelf pfr `c `c ^rforgag l` ^r`v`emkýe ^r`v`emkýe l` X`sklufs X`sklufs qu` lg muapckak`etf g cf `stghc`mklf `e `c grtámucf 70.7 l` cg C`y 88/8>77 y qu` s` `etk`el` ket`orglf `e `c ^KXMyC. @e cfs prforgags s` `xpfe`e cgs cáe`gs l` gmtugmkýe y cgs a`lklgs pgrg gcmgezgr cfs fhd`tkvfs mugetktgtkvfs pcget`glfs y gvgezgr bgmkg `c afl`cf `strgtëokmf l` o`stkýe prfpu`stf pgrg mglg icudf l` r`sklufs. - Cg pgrt` quketg ghfrlg cgs kev`rskfe`s kev`rskfe`s y ogstfs e`m`sgrkfs e`m`sgrkfs pgrg lgr muapckak`etf g cf `stghc`mklf `stghc`mklf `e `c ^cge, gsá mfaf `c afl`cf l` ikegemkgmkýe, mfe l`tgcc` l` cg pgrtkmkpgmkýe pôhckmg y prkvglg `e su l`sgrrfccf. - Cg pgrt` s`xtg ghfrlg cgs mu`stkfe`s r`cgtkvgs g s`oukak`etf y r`vkskýe l`c ^cge, rgeof l` cgs l`t`rakegmkfe`s l`c ^cge, y mrkt`rkfs l` uhkmgmkýe pgrg cg kl`etkikmgmkýe l`c `apcgzgak`etf l` cgs iuturgs kestgcgmkfe`s l` o`stkýe l` r`sklufs. Ikegca`et`, s` kemfrpfrg ueg s`rk` l` ge`xfs mfe keifragmkýe ôtkc pgrg cg mfapr`eskýe l`c ^cge.
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7;0
@squ`ag =
C@[ =7/7 =7/7; ;;0 ;0,, L@ 2 L@ EFYK@A E FYK@AHX@, HX@, L@ ^X@Y@ ^X @Y@EMK EMKÝE ÝE L@ XK@]OF] CGHFXGC@]4 MFEM@^\F] HÇ]KMF] Ketrflummkýe @c grt. <>.8 l` cg Mfestktumkýe @spg÷fcg `emfak`elg g cfs pfl`r`s pôhckmfs, mfaf uef l` cfs prkemkpkfs r`mtfr`s l` cg pfcátkmg sfmkgc y `mfeýakmg, v`cgr pfr cg s`ourklgl ` bkok`e` `e `c trghgdf @st` agelgtf mfestktumkfegc mfecc`vg cg e`m`sklgl l` l`sgrrfccgr ueg pfcátkmg l` prft`mmkýe l` cg sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s a`lkget` cg ^r`v`emkýe l` cfs rk`sofs l`rkvglfs l` su trghgdf. Cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr`, l` ^r`v`emkýe l` Xk`sofs Cghfrgc`s, `s `c pkcgr iuelga`etgc `e `c qu` l`smgesg `c a`emkfeglf agelgtf mfestktumkfegc. @e cg aksag s` mfeikourg `c agrmf o`e`rgc `e `c qu` bghrçe l` l`sgrrfccgrs` cgs lkstketgs gmmkfe`s pr`v`etkvgs, `e mfb`r`emkg mfe cgs l`mkskfe`s l` cg Pekýe @urfp`g
@strumturg y mfet`eklf Cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr`, l` ^r`v`emkýe l` Xk`sofs Cghfrgc`s, mfestg l` 0< grtámucfs, lkvklklfs `e ? Mgpátucfs, lkmksk`t` Lkspfskmkfe`s glkmkfegc`s, lfs Lkspfskmkfe`s Lkspfskmkfe`s trgesktfrkgs, ues Lkspfskmkýe l`rfogtfrkg y lfs Lkspfskmkfe`s ikegc`s
Mfem`ptfs hçskmfs Efragtkvg sfhr` pr`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs cghfrgc`s Cg efragtkvg sfhr` pr`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs cghfrgc`s `stç mfestktuklg pfr cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr`, sus lkspfskmkfe`s l` l`sgrrfccf f mfapc`a`etgrkgs y mugetgs ftrgs efrags, c`ogc`s f mfev`emkfegc`s, mfet`eoge pr`smrkpmkfe`s r`cgtkvgs g cg glfpmkýe l` a`lklgs pr`v`etkvgs `e `c çahktf cghfrgc f susm`ptkhc`s l` prflumkrcgs `e lkmbf çahktf Fhd`tf y mgrçmt`r l` cg efrag Cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr` tk`e` pfr fhd`tf prfafv`r cg s`ourklgl y cg sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s a`lkget` cg gpckmgmkýe l` a`lklgs y `c l`sgrrfccf l` cgs gmtkvklgl`s e`m`sgrkgs pgrg cg pr`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs l`rkvglfs l`c trghgdf Çahktf l` gpckmgmkýe Cg C`y =7/7;;0, l` 2 l` efvk`ahr`, l` ^r`v`emkýe l` Xk`sofs Cghfrgc`s y sus efrags l` l`sgrrfccf s`rçe l` gpckmgmkýe tgetf `e `c çahktf l` cgs r`cgmkfe`s cghfrgc`s r`oucglgs `e `c t`xtf r`iuelklf l` cg C`y l`c @stgtutf l` cfs \rghgdglfr`s, mfaf `e `c l` cgs r`cgmkfe`s l` mgrçmt`r glakekstrgtkvf f `stgtutgrkf l`c p`rsfegc gc s`rvkmkf l` cgs Glakekstrgmkfe`s ^ôhckmgs, mfe cgs p`muckgrklgl`s qu`, `e `st` mgsf, s` mfet`apcge `e cg pr`s`et` C`y f `e sus efrags l` l`sgrrfccf Mfem`ptfs o`e`rgc`s
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7;?
@^K] \K^F] [ P\KCKTGMKÝE L@ CF] AK]AF] L`ikekmkýe ]` `etk`el` pfr `qukpf l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc (@^K) mugcquk`r `qukpf l`stkeglf g s`r cc`vglf f sud`tglf pfr `c trghgdglfr pgrg qu` c` prft`dg l` uef f vgrkfs rk`sofs qu` pu`lge ga`egzgr su s`ourklgl f su sgcul, gsá mfaf mugcquk`r mfapc`a`etf f gmm`sfrkf l`stkeglf g tgc ike
\kpfs l` @^K] ^rft`mtfr`s l` cg mgh`zg ^rft`mtfr`s l`c fálf ^rft`mtfr`s l` cfs fdfs y l` cg mgrg ^rft`mmkýe l` cgs vágs r`spkrgtfrkgs ^rft`mtfr`s l` agefs y hrgzfs ^rft`mtfr`s l` pk`s y pk`regs ^rft`mtfr`s l` cg pk`c ^rft`mtfr`s l`c trfemf y `c ghlfa`e ^rft`mmkýe tftgc l`c mu`rpf
Mrkt`rkfs pgrg `c `apc`f l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc Cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc l`h`rçe utkckzgrs` mugelf `xkstge rk`sofs pgrg cg s`ourklgl f sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s qu` ef bgyge pflklf `vktgrs` f ckaktgrs` suikmk`et`a`et` pfr a`lkfs tëmekmfs l` prft`mmkýe mfc`mtkvg f a`lkget` a`lklgs, aëtflfs f prfm`lkak`etfs l` frogekzgmkýe l`c trghgdf
Mfelkmkfe`s qu` l`h`e r`uekr cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc Cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc prfpfrmkfegrçe ueg prft`mmkýe `ikmgz ir`et` g cfs rk`sofs qu` aftkvge su usf, ske supfe`r pfr sá aksafs u fmgskfegr rk`sofs glkmkfegc`s ek afc`stkgs kee`m`sgrkgs. G tgc ike l`h`rçe4 - X`spfel`r g cgs mfelkmkfe`s `xkst`et`s `e `c cuogr l` trghgdf - \`e`r `e mu`etg cgs mfelkmkfe`s gegtýakmgs y ikskfcýokmgs y `c `stglf l` sgcul l`c trghgdglfr - Gl`mugrs` gc pfrtglfr, trgs cfs gdust`s gdust`s e`m`sgrkfs
@c`mmkýe l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc ^grg cg `c`mmkýe l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc, `c `apr`sgrkf l`h`rç cc`vgr g mghf cgs skouk`et`s gmtugmkfe`s4 - Gegckzgr y `vgcugr cfs rk`sofs `xkst`et`s qu` ef pu`lge `vktgrs` f ckaktgrs` suikmk`et`a`et` pfr ftrfs a`lkfs. @e `c ge`xf KK l`c X`gc L`mr`tf ??=/7;;?, l` => l` agyf, ikourg ue `squ`ag kelkmgtkvf pgrg r`gckzgr `c kev`etgrkf l` cfs rk`sofs - L`ikekr cgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs qu` l`h`rçe r`uekr cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc pgrg ogrgetkzgr su iuemkýe, t`ek`elf `e mu`etg cg egturgc`zg y agoektul l` cfs rk`sofs l` cfs qu` l`hge prft`o`r, gsá mfaf cfs igmtfr`s glkmkfegc`s l` rk`sof qu` pu`lge mfestktukr cfs prfpkfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc f su utkckzgmkýe. ^grg `ccf `e `c ge`xf KY l`c X`gc L`mr`tf ??=/7;;?, l`
7;2
\`ag =
=> l` agyf, s` mfetk`e`e ue mfeduetf l` kelkmgmkfe`s ef `xbgustkvgs pgrg cg `vgcugmkýe l` ueg s`rk` l` `qukpfs l` `xt`elklg utkckzgmkýe - Mfapgrgr cgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc `xkst`et`s `xkst`et`s `e `c a`rmglf mfe cgs l`ikeklgs s`oôe cf s`÷gcglf `e `c pçrrgif get`rkfr
Ptkckzgmkýe y aget`ekak`etf l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc Cg utkckzgmkýe, `c gcagm`egak`etf, `c aget`ekak`etf, cg ckapk`zg, cg l`skei`mmkýe mugelf prfm`lg, y cg r`pgrgmkýe l` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc l`h`rçe `i`mtugrs` l` gmu`rlf mfe cgs kestrummkfe`s l`c ighrkmget`
Fhckogmkfe`s r`sp`mtf g cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc Fhckogmkfe`s l`c `apr`sgrkf @c `apr`sgrkf l`h`rç prfpfrmkfegr g sus trghgdglfr`s ` qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc gl`muglfs pgrg `c l`s`ap`÷f l` sus iuemkfe`s y v`cgr pfr `c usf `i`mtkvf l` cfs aksafs mugelf, pfr cg egturgc`zg l` cfs trghgdfs r`gckzglfs, s`ge e`m`sgrkfs Fhckogmkfe`s l` cfs trghgdglfr`s Cfs trghgdglfr`s, mfe grr`ocf g su ifragmkýe y skouk`elf cgs kestrummkfe`s l`c `apr`sgrkf, l`h`rçe `e pgrtkmucgr4 - Ptkckzgr y muklgr mfrr`mtga`et` mfrr`mtga`et` cfs `qukpfs l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc - Mfcfmgr `c `qukpf l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc l`spuës l` su utkckzgmkýe `e `c cuogr kelkmglf pgrg `ccf - Keifragr l` kea`lkgtf g su sup`rkfr d`rçrqukmf lkr`mtf l` mugcquk`r l`i`mtf, gefagcág f lg÷f gpr`mkglf `e `c `qukpf l` prft`mmkýe kelkvklugc utkckzglf qu`, g su dukmkf, pu`lg `etrg÷gr ueg përlklg l` su `ikmgmkg prft`mtfrg
KE\@X^X@\GMKÝE L@ @\KWP@\GLF [ ^KM\FOXGAG] @E ^XFLPM\F] L@ CKA^K@TG Gsp`mtfs hçskmfs @c X`ocga`etf MC^ `stghc`m` ue eu`vf skst`ag l` kl`etkikmgmkýe l`c rk`sof quáakmf, uekikmçelfcf g ekv`c auelkgc y gprfxkaçelfcf `e gcouefs gsp`mtfs gc qu` s` vk`e` usgelf g ekv`c ket`regmkfegc `e `c trgespfrt` l` a`rmgemágs p`ckorfsgs
Mcgs`s y mgt`ofrágs l` p`ckorf Cgs mcgs`s l` p`ckorf l`ike`e cg egturgc`zg l`c p`ckorf iáskmf, pgrg cg sgcul buageg f pgrg `c a`lkf gahk`et` qu` r`pr`s`etge cgs sustgemkgs f sus a`zmcgs. ]` lkvkl`e `e mgt`ofrágs (mgt`ofrágs l` p`ckorf) qu` `sp`mkikmge cg orgv`lgl l` cfs p`ckorfs l`etrf l` mglg mcgs`
^gcghrgs l` glv`rt`emkg Cgs pgcghrgs l` glv`rt`emkg kelkmge `c ekv`c r`cgtkvf l` orgv`lgl l` cfs p`ckorfs pgrg gc`rtgr gc c`mtfr l` cg `xkst`emkg l` ue p`ckorf pft`emkgc. L`h`e ikourgr `e cg `tkqu`tg
^kmtforgags Cfs pkmtforgags l` p`ckorf sfe mfapfskmkfe`s orçikmgs qu` mfetk`e`e ue sáahfcf e`orf sfhr` ue ifelf hcgemf, mfe ue agrmf rfdf cf suikmk`et`a`et` gembf pgrg s`r mcgrga`et` vkskhc`. \k`e`e
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
7;;
ifrag l` muglrglf gpfyglf `e ue vërtkm` y skrv`e pgrg trgesaktkr cg keifragmkýe `sp`máikmg sfhr` `c p`ckorf `e mu`stkýe
Kelkmgmkfe`s l` p`ckorf Cgs kelkmgmkfe`s l` p`ckorf sfe irgs`s qu`, gskoeglgs g ueg mcgs` f mgt`ofrág l` p`ckorf, l`smrkh`e cg egturgc`zg l` cfs p`ckorfs l` ueg sustgemkg f a`zmcg p`ckorfsg, kemcuy`elf, mugelf prfm`lg, `c orglf l` p`ckorf
]@×GCKTGMKÝE L@ GLY@X\@EMKG @E O@E@XGC Cgs s`÷gc`s l` s`ourklgl ]`÷gc l` prfbkhkmkýe ]`÷gc l` glv`rt`emkg f p`ckorf ]`÷gc l` fhckogmkýe ]`÷gc l` sgcvga`etf f l` sfmfrrf
Cgs s`÷gc`s `e ifrag l` pge`c Mfcfr l` s`ourklgl ]áahfcf f pkmtforgag ]`÷gc cuakefsg ]`÷gc gmôstkmg Mfauekmgmkýe v`rhgc ]`÷gc o`stugc
]`÷gc`s l` glv`rt`emkg f p`ckorf bfafcfoglgs `e cfs cuogr`s l` trghgdf @etr` ftrgs, cgs skouk`et`s4 - Agt`rkgs keicgaghc`s - Agt`rkgs `xpcfskvgs - Agt`rkgs týxkmgs - Agt`rkgs mfrrfskvgs - Agt`rkgs rglkfgmtkvgs
X`mfa`elgmkfe`s X`mfa`elgm kfe`s l` s`÷gckzgmkýe @etr` ftrgs, cgs skouk`et`s4 - Cg s`÷gckzgmkýe l` s`ourklgl mfapc`a`etg, p`rf euemg sustktuy` g cgs a`lklgs tëmekmgs tëmekmgs y frogekzgtkvgs l` pr`v`emkýe - Gpckmgr, `e cfs çahktfs l` trghgdf `e cfs qu` `xkstge p`ckorfs qu` ef bge pflklf s`r `ckakeglfs, cgs s`÷gc`s l` prfbkhkmkfe`s, glv`rt`emkgs l` p`ckorf, fhckogmkfe`s g s`oukr y l`açs keifragmkfe`s qu` s`ge e`m`sgrkgs - Gs`ourgrs` l` qu` cgs s`÷gc`s l` s`ourklgl utkckzglgs s`ge efragckzglgs
8>>
\`ag =
- Cgs s`÷gc`s `stgrçe `stgrçe cfmgckzglgs `strgtëokmga`et` `strgtëokmga`et` `e cuogr`s vkskhc`s, `e cfs gmm`sfs y `e cfs prfpkfs çahktfs l` trghgdf, l` tgc ifrag qu` `c p`rsfegc p`rmkhg mcgrga`et` tflg cg keifragmkýe mfet`eklg `e cg prfpkg s`÷gckzgmkýe
XK@]OF] G]FMKGLF] G CG AGEK^PCGMKÝE L@ ^XFLPM\F] L@ CKA^K@TG [ AGWPKEGXKG ^XF^KG L@ CG MFMKEG Xk`sofs pfr agekpucgmkýe l` prflumtfs l` ckapk`zg @c iu`of ^grg qu` s` prfluzmg ue iu`of `s e`m`sgrkf qu` s` l`e ueg s`rk` l` mkrmuestgemkgs4 agt`rkgc mfahustkhc` (sýcklfs, cáquklfs, ogs`s, a`tgc`s...), ue mgrhurget` (fxáo`ef) y mgcfr Cg `c`mtrkmklgl ]k hk`e cg `c`mtrkmklgl `e `c l`s`ap`÷f l` cgs iuemkfe`s l` ckapk`zg `s auy ôtkc, s` bg l` l`mkr qu` `s tgahkëe auy p`ckorfsg g p`sgr l` su gpgrk`emkg kefi`eskvg y su mfetkeug utkckzgmkýe, yg qu` pu`l` prflumkr l`sl` ue skapc` mfsqukcc`f bgstg cg au`rt` @c pgsf l` cg mfrrk`et` `cëmtrkmg gc mu`rpf buagef pu`l` s`r mgusg l` ue igccf l` cg mfrrk`et` `cëmtrkmg, l` cg agqukegrkg f pfrqu` s` bg bg `mbglf goug, gmmkl`etgca`et`, sfhr` `c t`elklf `cëmtrkmf ^rkemkpkfs o`e`rgc`s pgrg cg pr`v`emkýe l` cfs rk`sofs pfr go`et`s quáakmfs Cfs rk`sofs pgrg cg sgcul y cg s`ourklgl l` cfs trghgdglfr`s `e trghgdfs `e cfs qu` bgyg gmtkvklgl mfe go`et`s quáakmfs p`ckorfsfs s` `ckakegrçe f r`lumkrçe gc aáekaf A`lklgs `sp`máikmgs l` pr`v`emkýe y prft`mmkýe ir`et` g rk`sofs pfr go`et`s quáakmfs @stgs a`lklgs s`rçe gpckmghc`s mugelf cg `vgcugmkýe l` cfs rk`sofs pfeog l` agekik`stf cg e`m`sklgl l` tfagr cgs a`lklgs `sp`máikmgs l` pr`v`emkýe y prft`mmkýe mfet`apcglgs, t`ek`elf `e mu`etg cfs mrkt`rkfs `stghc`mklfs `e cfs gpgrtglfs = y < l`c grtámucf = l`c X`gc L`mr`tf =?8>>7, l` 9 l` ghrkc, sfhr` cg prft`mmkýe l` cg sgcul y s`ourklgl l` cfs trghgdglfr`s mfetrg cfs rk`sofs r`cgmkfeglfs mfe cfs go`et`s quáakmfs lurget` `c trghgdf
Xk`sofs pfr agekpucgmkýe l` agqukegrkg prfpkg l` cg mfmkeg Ketrflummkýe @e `c s`mtfr l` cg r`stgurgmkýe mfc`mtkvg cfs rk`sofs cghfrgc`s gi`mtge g cfs trghgdglfr`s l` age`rg lkr`mtg y l` age`rg kelkr`mtg g cfs prfpkfs mck`et`s Cfs rk`sofs cghfrgc`s açs ir`mu`et`s `e ueg mfmkeg Kem`elkfs y `xpcfskfe`s Gpgrgtfs `cëmtrkmfs Ogs`s y gpgrgtfs l` pr`skýe ]ýcklfs y cáquklfs Mfaf gmtugr `e mgsf l` kem`elkf ^rftfmfcf l` gmtugmkýe hçskmf `e mgsf l` `vgmugmkýe Mgálgs y ofcp`s Mfetgmtfs `cëmtrkmfs Agekpucgmkýe l` mgrogs ageugca`et`
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
8>7
Mfrt`s y gtrgpgak`etfs Wu`aglurgs `e cg mfmkeg
Kestgcgmkfe`s l` mfmkeg y `qukpfs Pe hu`e lks`÷f l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s l` cg mfmkeg `s `c prka`r pgsf `e ueg orge cghfr pr`v`etkvg Kestgcgmkfe`s `cëmtrkmgs \flgs cgs mfe`xkfe`s `cëmtrkmgs `e tflgs cgs zfegs l` trghgdf l` cg mfmkeg l`h`rçe `stgr s`pgrglgs y gkscglgs pgrg `vktgr `c rk`sof l` `xpcfskýe f kem`elkfs Kestgcgmkfe`s l` ogs Ftrf l` cfs orgel`s igmtfr`s l` rk`sof sfe cgs kestgcgmkfe`s l` ogs, pfr cf muçc `s auy kapfrtget` tgahkëe r`gckzgr r`vkskfe`s p`rkýlkmgs l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s l` ogs, l`sl` cgs tfags l` ogs, cfs mfelumtfs g cfs ifofe`s, mfaprfhgelf qu` cgs gh`rturgs l` v`etkcgmkýe `stçe `e hu`egs mfelkmkfe`s y ckhr`s l` fhstçmucfs Y`etkcgmkýe y `xtrgmmkýe Cg l`hklg r`efvgmkýe l`c gkr` l`c ket`rkfr l` ueg mfmkeg `s kapfrtget` pgrg `vktgr cg pfskhc` gmuaucgmkýe l` ogs`s týxkmfs qu` pu`lge supfe`r ue orgv` rk`sof pgrg cg sgcul l` cfs trghgdglfr`s. Cgs mgapgegs `xtrgmtfrgs l`h`e `stgr sktuglgs l` cg age`rg açs `ikmk`et`, cf açs m`rmg pfskhc` l`c ifmf `aksfr pgrg gua`etgr cg `i`mtkvklgl y `xtrg`r a`dfr cfs vgpfr`s l` gm`kt`, fcfr`s qu` s` o`e`rge `e ueg mfmkeg Ckapk`zg @c lág g lág l` ueg mfmkeg mfecc`vg cg utkckzgmkýe l` eua`rfsfs prflumtfs y ut`eskckfs qu` bgm` e`m`sgrkf ue `strkmtf frl`e, ue mfrr`mtf aget`ekak`etf y ueg ýptkag ckapk`zg l` cgs kestgcgmkfe`s Mfeskl`rgmkfe`s `e pr`v`emkýe l` rk`sofs cghfrgc`s Mfeskl`rgmkfe`s @etr` ftrgs, cgs skouk`et`s4 - C``r cgs kestrummkfe`s l` usf l` tflfs cfs prflumtfs l` ckapk`zg mfe cfs mugc`s s` s` trghgdg. @s kapfrtget` gpr`el`rs` tflg cg keifragmkýe l` cgs ikmbgs tëmekmgs qu` gmfapg÷ge g cfs prflumtfs l` ckapk`zg - @vktgr cfs trgesvgs`s l` cfs prflumtfs, aget`ekëelfcfs sk`apr` `e `c `evgs` frkokegc. ]k `c trgesvgs` `s ke`vktghc`, ef l`h`e utkckzgrs` euemg ekeoôe ue r`mkpk`et` skakcgr gc l` mugcquk`r gcka`etf pgrg `vktgr pfskhc`s mfeiuskfe`s, `tkqu`tgelf mfrr`mtga`et` `c eu`vf `evgs` Mfefmkak`etf l` cfs `c`a`etfs l` ueg mfmkeg @c mfefmkak`etf `sp`máikmf l` mglg açqukeg gyulgrg g `vktgr cfs pfskhc`s gmmkl`et`s prflumklfs pfr su usf, mfefmk`elf gsá cfs rk`sofs l`c `qukpgak`etf y cgs a`lklgs a`lklgs l` pr`mgumkýe g tfagr. ^gutgs l` prftfmfcfs l` s`ourklgl gl`muglfs gl`muglfs `e `c usf l` cfs `qukpfs l` mfmkeg @etr` ftrgs, cgs skouk`et`s4 - Cfs gmm`sfrkfs y r`mgahkfs mfaf mumbkccgs l` mfrt`, rflkccfs, mumbkccfs l`h`e ougrlgrs` prft`prft`ok`elf sus mumbkccgs y `e cuogr`s r`sougrlglfs - L`h`e utkckzgrs` sk`apr` sk`apr` cgs prft`mmkfe`s prft`mmkfe`s l` tflfs cfs `c`a`etfs l` l` mfrt` y pk`zgs a`mçekmgs - Cgs agqukegs ef l`h`e agekpucgrs` mugelf `stçe `e iuemkfegak`etf
8>8
\`ag =
A@LK LG] ^X@Y@E\KY A@LKLG] ^X@Y@E\K YG] G GLF^\GX GLF^\GX ^FX @C ^@X]FEGC ^@X]FE GC L@ CG] ÇX@G] L@ MFMKEG, GCAGMËE, CKA^K@TG [ CGYGEL@XÁG ^r`v`emkfe`s `e `c çr`g l` mfmkeg @e cf r`i`r`et` g `stg agt`rkg, efs r`aktkafs g cf yg gegckzglf `e `c `páorgi` 0
^r`v`emkfe`s `e `c çr`g l` gcagmëe Mgrgmt`rástkmgs mfestrumtkvgs l`c gcagmëe Mgrgmt`rástkmgs @stgs mgrgmt`rástkmgs l`h`e ogrgetkzgr cg s`ourklgl l` cfs trghgdglfr`s get` pfskhc`s r`shgcfe`s y mgálgs, mbfqu`s f ofcp`s mfetrg fhd`tfs, l`rruahgak`etfs f mgálgs l` agt`rkgc`s sfhr` cfs trghg dglfr`s Frl`e, ckapk`zg y aget`ekak`etf Mfelkmkfe`s gahk`etgc`s gahk`etgc`s l` cfs cuogr`s l` trghgdf
^r`v`emkfe`s `e `c çahktf l` ckapk`zg @e cf r`i`r`et` g `stg agt`rkg, efs r`aktkafs g cf yg gegckzglf `e `c `páorgi` 0.
^r`v`emkfe`s `e `c çr`g l` cgvgel`rág ]fhr``siu`rzfs. Igtkog pfsturgc Xk`sof hkfcýokmf Mgálg gc aksaf ekv`c, ofcp`s mfetrg fhd`tfs ^rflumtfs quáakmfs Mfetgmtf tërakmf Açqukegs `e o`e`rgc Xuklf Lksmfeifrt ” `strës tërakmf Kem`elkfs
GM\PGMKÝE @E MG]F L@ GMMKL@E\@ @ KEM@ELKF @e mgsf l` gmmkl`et` B`rklgs B`rklg `s tflg kemkskýe `e cg pk`c, frkokeglg pfr ue mfrt` ckapkf, pfr ue ofcp` f pfr cg p`e`trgmkýe l` ue fhd`tf `e cg pk`c. \flg b`rklg bg l` s`r rçpklga`et` trgtglg B`afrrgokgs `xt`regs Grt`rkgc`s Y`efsgs
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
8>=
Wu`aglurgs Mfem`ptf Mcgskikmgmkýe l` cgs qu`aglurgs pfr su `tkfcfoág Mcgskikmgmkýe l` cgs qu`aglurgs s`oôe su prfiuelklgl ^rka`rfs guxkckfs Ketfxkmgmkfe`s Get` ueg ketfxkmgmkýe, cg ifrag l` gmtugr `s auy s`emkccg sk s` mfefm` `c prflumtf mgusget` l` cg aksag y cg mgetklgl gprfxkaglg qu` cg bg prflumklf. @e o`e`rgc, cg `tkqu`tg l` prflumtf mfet`elrç uegs kestrummkfe`s qu` s`÷gcgrçe cg ifrag l` gmtugr `e mgsf l` ketfxkmgmkýe gsá mfaf `c t`cëifef l` M`etrf Egmkfegc l` \fxkmfcfoág gc qu` s` ccgagrç
@e mgsf l` kem`elkf Mfem`ptf l` kem`elkf Pe kem`elkf `s ue iu`of qu` ef `stç mfetrfcglf, `stç mfesuak`elf agt`rkgc`s qu` ef `stçe l`stkeglfs g s`r qu`aglfs @vgmugmkýe l` `lkikmkfs Mfeskst` `e qu` ueg v`z s` lë `c mfauekmglf l` `vgmugmkýe, s`oôe cfs a`lkfs l` mfauekmgmkýe agrmglfs `e `c pcge l` `a`ro`emkg, tflfs cfs trghgdglfr`s y cgs p`rsfegs qu` s` `emu`etr`e `e `c `stghc`mkak`etf, s` lkrkokrçe pfr cgs vágs l` `vgmugmkýe açs m`rmgegs, cf açs rçpklg y frl`eglga`et` pfskhc` A`lklgs pr`v`etkvgs ]fe ue mfeduetf l` gmmkfe`s y a`lklgs qu` tk`e`e mfaf fhd`tf prkemkpgc qu` ef s` prfluzmge ue kem`elkf, f gc a`efs s` akekakm` su rk`sof, ket`etgelf pr`s`rvgr cg vklg l` cfs fmupget`s l`c `stghc`mkak`etf Gmtugmkfe`s g r`gckzgr Gmtugmkfe`s `e mgsf l` l`smuhrkr ue kem`elkf - ]k l`smuhr`s ue kem`elkf, agetëe cg mgcag ` ket`etg lgr mfauekmgmkýe mfauekmgmkýe l` gcgrag gcgrag pfr kem`elkf, kelkmgelf `c cuogr l` cg `a`ro`emkg - Mfauekmg cg `a`ro`emkg s`oôe cf qu` kelkmg `c ^cge l` @a`ro`emkg - ]k t` `emu`etrgs sfcf, y `c kem`elkf `stç `e ueg bghktgmkýe sgc l` `ccg rçpklf, l`dgelf cg pu`rtg m`rrglg y ske ccgv`, ef grrk`sou`s tu vklg - Euemg ghrgs ueg pu`rtg mgck`et`, `c iu`of `stç pfr l`trçs, sk cg ghr`s `c kem`elkf gvgezgrç iu`rg l` cg bghktgmkýe mfe cf qu` `c iu`of s` prfpgogrç Z…Q Gmtugmkfe`s `e mgsf l` `a`ro`emkg ef `stgelf `e `c orupf l` `a`ro`emkgs - Ghgelfe` su pu`stf l` trghgdf mfe s`ourklgl - Ef r`trfm`lg pgrg r`mfo`r ekeoôe agt`rkgc - @e mgsf l` pr`s`emkg l` buafs, goçmb`s` y tçp`s` cg mgrg mfe ue pg÷u`cf - Peg v`z `e iu`rg l`c `lkikmkf lkrádgs` gc puetf l` `emu`etrf
8><
\`ag =
X@]KLPF]4 MCG]KIKMGMKÝE (\K^FCFOÁG, \K^F L@ MFE\@E@LFX [ AË\FLF L@ AGEK^PC GMKÝE) [ \XG\GAK@E\F,(X@MKMCGLF,@CKAKEGMKÝE… ) Ketrflummkýe Cfs m`etrfs pôhckmfs o`e`rge l`hklf g su gmtkvklgl, ueg s`rk` l` r`sklufs qu` c`s bgm` lki`r`et`s l` cfs ccgaglfs urhgefs, pfr cf qu` su o`stkýe bg sklf fhd`tf l` r`mk`et`s efragtkvgs tgetf `urfp`gs, egmkfegc`s mfaf gutfeýakmgs.
Efrags hçskmgs l` cg o`stkýe l` r`sklufs `e cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs Fhd`tf Cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf tk`e` pfr fhd`tf r`oucgr cg o`stkýe l` cfs r`sklufs kapucsgelf a`lklgs qu` pr`v`eoge su o`e`rgmkýe y aktkou`e cfs kapgmtfs glv`rsfs sfhr` cg sgcul buageg y `c a`lkf gahk`et` gsfmkglfs g su o`e`rgmkýe y o`stkýe, a`dfrgelf cg `ikmk`emkg `e `c usf l` cfs r`mursfs. \k`e` gskaksaf mfaf fhd`tf r`oucgr `c rëoka`e durálkmf l` cfs su`cfs mfetgakeglfs. L`ikekmkfe`s ]uhprflumtfs Ike l` cg mfelkmkýe l` r`skluf \kpfs4 Mcgskikmgmkýe y ckstg `urfp`g l` r`sklufs Cg l`t`rakegmkýe l` cfs r`sklufs qu` bge l` mfeskl`rgrs` mfaf r`sklufs p`ckorfsfs y ef p`ckorfsfs s` bgrç l` mfeifraklgl mfe cg ckstg `stghc`mklg `e cg L`mkskýe 8>>>/0=8/M@ l` cg Mfakskýe, l` = l` agyf l` 8>>>. Fhckogmkfe`s `e cg o`stkýe l` r`sklufs Fhd`tkvfs y a`lklgs `e cg o`stkýe l` cfs r`sklufs X`mfoklg, pr`pgrgmkýe pgrg cg r`utkckzgmkýe, r`mkmcglf y vgcfrkzgmkýe l` r`sklufs Fhd`tkvfs `sp`máikmfs l` pr`pgrgmkýe pgrg cg r`utkckzgmkýe, r`mkmcglf y vgcfrkzgmkýe @ckakegmkýe l` r`sklufs Hkfrr`sklufs \rgscglf l` r`sklufs Xëoka`e l` cfs trgscglfs l` r`sklufs `e `c ket`rkfr l`c t`rrktfrkf l`c @stglf @etrglg y sgcklg l` r`sklufs l`c t`rrktfrkf egmkfegc Xëoka`e l` gutfrkzgmkýe y mfauekmgmkýe l` cgs gmtkvklgl`s l` prflummkýe y o`stkýe l` r`sklufs Gutfrkzgmkýe l` cgs fp`rgmkfe`s l` trgtgak`etf l` r`sklufs @x`emkfe`s l` cfs r`quksktfs l` gutfrkzgmkýe Mfauekmgmkýe pr`vkg gc kekmkf l` cgs gmtkvklgl`s l` prflummkýe y o`stkýe l` r`sklufs X`stghc`mkak`etf l` cg c`ogcklgl gahk`etgc
Xk`sofs cghfrgc`s. X`sklufs
8>0
X`spfesghkcklgl, vkokcgemkg, kesp`mmkýe y mfetrfc Gcmgem` l` cg r`spfesghkcklgl `e agt`rkg l` r`sklufs Mfap`t`emkgs y a`lkfs l` vkokcgemkg, kesp`mmkýe y mfetrfc Kesp`mmkýe ]ud`tfs r`spfesghc`s l` cgs keirgmmkfe`s ^flrçe s`r sgemkfeglgs pfr cfs b`mbfs mfestktutkvfs l` cgs keirgmmkfe`s glakekstrgtkvgs r`mfoklgs `e `c mgpátucf KK l`c \átucf YKK l` cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, cgs p`rsfegs iáskmgs f durálkmgs qu` cfs mfa`tge, l` gmu`rlf mfe cf `stghc`mklf `e cg C`y 88/8>77, l` 82 l` duckf, l` r`sklufs y su`cfs mfetgakeglfs y ske p`rdukmkf, `e su mgsf, l` cgs mfrr`spfelk`et`s r`spfesghkcklgl`s mkvkc`s, p`egc`s y a`lkfgahk`etgc`s.
@sp`mkgc r`i`r`emkg gc ^cge Ket`orgc l` X`sklufs l` Mgstkccg y C`ýe Mgrgmt`rástkmgs @c ^cge Ket`orgc l` X`sklufs l` Mgstkccg y C`ýe s` mgrgmt`rkzg pfr4 - ]u mgrçmt`r ket`orglfr, yg qu` ghfrlg cg tftgcklgl l` cfs r`sklufs o`e`rglfs `e cg Mfaueklgl Gutýefag. - ^ft`emkgr `c mgrçmt`r mgrçmt`r trgesv`rsgc l` cgs gmmkfe`s qu` cf mfapfe`e hgdf `c prksag prksag l` ueg pfcátkmg qu` mfeskl`rg gc aksaf ekv`c cfs gsp`mtfs gahk`etgc`s, prkemkpgca`et`, ifmgckzglfs `e cg pr`v`emkýe, cfs `mfeýakmfs y cfs sfmkgc`s Fhd`tf @c fhd`tf l`c ^cge `s `c `stghc`mkak`etf l` cgs hgs`s e`m`sgrkgs pgrg, `etr` ftrgs pr`aksgs, cforgr4 - Kapucsgr g ekv`c ekv`c r`okfegc `c muapckak`etf l` cfs fhd`tkvfs `stghc`mklfs `stghc`mklfs `e cgs Lkr`mtkvgs @urfp`gs, pgrg pfl`r gmm`l`r g cg ikegemkgmkýe `urfp`g sud`tg gc muapckak`etf l` cfs r`quksktfs l` mfelkmkfegcklgl –`x get`‑ `e agt`rkg l` r`sklufs - Igvfr`m`r ` kapucsgr `c muapckak`etf muapckak`etf l` cfs fhd`tkvfs `stghc`mklfs `e cg C`y 88/8>77 - ^rfafv`r cg pr`v`emkýe `e agt`rkg l` r`sklufs, a`lkget` cg gprfhgmkýe gprfhgmkýe l`c ^rforgag l` X`sklufs g qu` s` r`ik`r` `c grtámucf 70 l` cg C`y 88/8>77 Mfet`eklf @c ^KXMyC s` `strumturg `e 88 mgpátucfs, gmfapg÷glfs l` ueg s`rk` l` ge`xfs, y l`sgrrfccglf `e s`ks pgrt`s prkemkpgc`s
8>9
\`ag =