]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo HKEFWBZHP Ify 70/;=1=, gf 0= gf gb`bfdkrf, gfi sfrvb`bh phstai uobvfrsai, gf ihs gfrf`nhs gf ihs usuarbhs y gfi dfr`agh phstai, `uya õitbda dhgbjb`a`bðo sf na prhgu`bgh phr Ify 1;=1;, gf ;< gf gb`bfdkrf, gf ]rfsupufsths Lfofraifs gfi Fstagh para fi añh ;=10 [fai Gf`rfth 1:0;=11, gf 17 gf ohvbfdkrf, phr fi quf sf fstakif`f ia `hdphsb`bðo, `hdpftfo`bas y râlbdfo gf juo`bhoadbfoth gf ia @hdbsbðo Jbiatâib`a gfi Fstagh y sf rfluiao ias fdbsbhofs gf sfiihs gf `hrrfh y htrhs sblohs gf jraoqufh
WFDA
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Ify ;=1;, gf ;2 gf h`tukrf, gf dhgbjb`a`bðo gf ia ohrdatbva trbkutarba y prfsupufstarba y gf agf`ua`bðo gf ia ohrdatbva jboao`bfra para ia botfosbjb`a`bðo gf ias a`tua`bhofs fo ia prfvfo`bðo y iu`na `hotra fi jraugf, `uya õitbda dhgbjb`a`bðo sf na prhgu`bgh phr Ify 07/;=16, gf ;1 gf sfptbfdkrf, gf dhgbjb`a`bðo par`bai gf ia Ify 6>/;==0, gf 1< gf gb`bfdkrf, gb`bfdkrf, Lfofrai Wrbkutarba Wrbkutarba [fai Gf`rfth 1>;2/1222, gf 0 gf gb`bfdkrf, phr fi quf sf aprufka fi [fliadfoth phr fi quf sf rfluia ia prfsta`bðo gf ihs sfrvb`bhs phstaifs, fo gfsarrhiih gf ih fstakif`bgh fo ia Ify ;7/122>, gf 10 gf euibh, gfi Pfrvb`bh ]hstai Vobvfrsai y gf Ibkfraibza`bðo gf ihs Pfrvb`bhs ]hstaifs, `uya õitbda dhgbjb`a`bðo sf na prhgu`bgh phr [fai Gf`rfth 6=0/;==<, gf ;= gf akrbi, phr fi quf sf dhgbjb`a fi [fai Gf`rfth 1>;2/1222, gf 0 gf gb`bfdkrf, phr fi quf sf aprufka fi [fliadfoth phr fi quf sf rfluia ia prfsta`bðo gf ihs sfrvb`bhs phstaifs fo gfsarrhiih gf ih fstakif`bgh fo ia Ify ;7/122>, gf 10 gf euibh, gfi sfrvb`bh phstai uobvfrsai y gf ibkfraibza`bðo gf ihs sfrvb`bhs phstaifs [fai Gf`rfth 1:12/;=1;, gf 0= gf ohvbfdkrf, phr fi quf sf aprufka fi [fliadfoth phr fi quf sf rfluiao ias hkibla`bhofs gf ja`tura`bðo, `uya õitbda dhgbjb`a`bðo sf na prhgu`bgh phr [fai Gf`rfth 161;/;=1>, gf ;> gf gb`bfdkrf, phr fi quf sf dhgbjb`ao fi [fliadfoth gfi Bdpufsth shkrf fi Zaihr Añagbgh, aprhkagh phr fi [.G. 1:;7/122;, gf ;2 gf gb`bfdkrf, fi [fliadfoth phr fi quf sf rfluiao ias hkibla`bhofs gf ja`tura`bðo, aprhkagh phr fi [.G. 1:12/;=1;, gf 0= gf ohvbfdkrf, fi [fliadfoth Lfofrai gf ias a`tua`bhofs y ihs prh`fgbdbfoths gf lfstbðo f bospf``bðo trbkutarba y gf gfsarrhiih gf ias ohrdas `hduofs gf ihs prh`fgbdbfoths gf apib`a`bðo gf ihs trbkuths, aprhkagh phr fi [.G. 1=:6/;==<, gf ;< gf euibh, y fi [fliadfoth gf ihs Bdpufsths Fspf`baifs, aprhkagh phr fi [.G. 11:6/1226, gf < gf euibh
[fai Gf`rfth 101220, gf ;2 gf fofrh, phr fi quf sf aprufka fi [fliadfoth gf Ardas, `uya õitbda dhgbjb`a`bðo sf na prhgu`bgh phr Hrgfo BOW/1==>/;=1<, gf 0 gf euibh, phr ia quf sf gfsarrhiia fi râlbdfo apib`akif a ias pbsthias y ihs rfvðivfrfs gfthoaghrfs Ify 02/;=16, gf 1 gf h`tukrf, gfi ]rh`fgbdbfoth AgdbobstraAgdbobstratbvh @hdõo gf ias Agdbobstra`bhofs ]õkib`as, `uya õitbda dhgbjb`a`bðo sf na prhgu`bgh phr Ify Hrláob`a 0/;=1>, gf 6 gf gb`bfdkrf, gf ]rhtf``bðo gf Gaths ]frshoaifs y laraotäa gf ihs gfrf`nhs gblbtaifs [fshiu`bðo gf 1: gf fofrh gf ;=1>, `hoeuota gf ia Puksf`rftaräa gf Jhdfoth y gf ia Puksf`rftaräa gf Na`bfoga y Juo`bðo ]õkib`a, phr ia quf sf dhgbjb`a ia gf 1; gf euobh gf ;==1, shkrf `aoef gf sblohs gf jraoqufh gfohdboaghs fo pfsftas phr htrhs gfohdboaghs fo furhs furhs [fshiu`bðo gf ;= gf gb`bfdkrf gf ;==:, `hoeuota gf ias Puksf`rftaräas gf Jhdfoth y gf F`hohdäa y Na`bfoga, shkrf fdbsbðo y pufsta fo `br`uia`bðo gf uoa sfrbf gf sfiihs gf @hrrfhs gfohdboaga «sfiihs pfrshoaibzaghs³
\FKL[AJÄA Hrblfo gf ihs gh`udfoths foiazaghs5 nttps5//www.khf.fs. Jf`na gf `hosuita jfkrfrh ;=12
HKEFWBZHP @hoh`fr `ðdh sf artb`uiao ihs gbstboths prh`fshs gf agdbsbðo fo ia Ph`bfgag Fstatai gf @hrrfhs y Wfiâlrajhs Aoaibzar ihs gbstboths sbstfdas gf jraoqufh jraoqufh Fxadboar ihs gbstboths sbstfdas gf palh agdbtbghs fo ias hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
1. J[AOQVFH. ][BO@B]BHP LFOF[AIFP Zadhs a fstugbar `ðdh sf rfaibza ia agdbsbðo gf ihs gbstboths prhgu`ths gf @hrrfhs. Voh gf ihs rfqubsbths bogbspfosakifs para quf sf prhguz`a gb`na agdbsbðo fs fi akhoh gf ihs sfrvb`bhs shib`btaghs, a fsth sf if iiada ’jraoqufh—, fxbstbfogh varbhs sbstfdas gf jraoqufh, quf vfrfdhs aotfs gf pasar a ia agdbsbðo. Pflõo ia Ify 70/;=1=, gf 0= gf gb`bfdkrf, gfi P]V, gf ihs gfrf`nhs gf ihs usuarbhs y gfi dfr`agh phstai ihs Dfgbhs gf jraoqufh sho aqufiihs fjf`ths h sblohs quf a`rfgbtao fi palh gf ihs sfrvb`bhs phstaifs a ihs hpfraghrfs phstaifs quf prfstfo sfrvb`bhs bo`iubghs fo fi P]V. Pf `hosbgfraráo `hdh taifs dfgbhs ihs sfiihs gf `hrrfhs, quf shih pufgf utbibzar fi hpfraghr gfsbloagh `ho fjf`th ibkfrathrbh3 ihs shkrfs3 ias tareftas y `artas-shkrfs `ho sfiihs h sblohs gbstbotbvhs prfvbadfotf fstadpaghs3 ias bdprfsbhofs gf dáquboas gf jraoqufar3 y ias fstadpbiias gf jraoqufh fxpfgbgas phr gbstrbkubghras authdátb`as bostaiagas phr fi hpfraghr gfsbloagh, asä `hdh `uaoths artä`uihs h prhgu`ths sfao gfjbobghs dfgbaotf ias `hrrfsphogbfotfs gbsphsb`bhofs `hdh bostrudfoths gf jraoqufh. Fi hpfraghr gfsbloagh gfkfrá agdbtbr thghs ihs fovähs sb sf prfsfotao `ho ihs dfgbhs gf jraoqufh gfs`rbths fo ia Ify. Agfdás, phgrá a`hrgar `ho sus `ibfotfs `uaifsqubfra htrhs sbstfdas gf palh, taifs `hdh fi palh gbjfrbgh, fi jraoqufh fo gfstboh y fi prfpalh, asä `hdh `uaiqubfr htrh dfgbh agdbtbgh fo gfrf`nh. Ihs fovähs phstaifs botfroa`bhoaifs gfkbgadfotf jraoqufaghs fo fi paäs gf hrblfo tfográo jrao`a `br`uia`bðo phr fi tfrrbthrbh fspañhi, gf `hojhrdbgag `ho ia ohrdatbva gf ia Vobðo ]hstai Vobvfrsai.
1.1 Pbstfdas gf jraoqufh A. Pfiihs gf @hrrfhs Ihs sfiihs sho trhzhs pfqufñhs gf papfi, `ho tbdkrf hjb`bai gf jbluras h sblohs, lrakaghs `ho ia paiakra ’@H[[FHP FP]AÑA—. Ihs `hojf``bhoa fi Fstagh a travâs gf ia Jákrb`a Oa`bhoai gf Dhofga y Wbdkrf (JODW). Oh sf fdbtbráo sfiihs quf rfprfsfotfo ia bdalfo gf pfrshoas vbvas, saivh ihs quf sf gfgbqufo a ia Jadbiba [fai. Oh sf rfaibzaráo fdbsbhofs gf sfiihs quf rfprfsfotfo fjfdârbgfs h `fifkrfo aobvfrsarbhs gf a`hotf`bdbfoths `ho aotblùfgag bojfrbhr a vfbotb`bo`h añhs, ob sf rfbtfraráo fdbsbhofs rfiatbvas a taifs fjfdârbgfs h aobvfrsarbhs aotfs gf quf nayao traos`urrbgh vfbotb`bo`h añhs gfsgf ia aotfrbhr. Pf rfspftaráo ias rf`hdfoga`bhofs gfi @ðgblh gfhothiðlb`h gf ia Vobðo ]hstai Vobvfrsai. Ia fiakhra`bðo gfi prhlrada aouai gf fdbsbhofs gf sfiihs sf aeustará a ias sblubfotfs ohrdas5 - Fi oõdf oõdfrh rh aouai aouai gf fdbsbhofs gf sfiihs y htrhs sblohs gf jraoqufh, jraoqufh, saivh gf`bsbðo gfi gfi ]rfsbgfotf, oh fx`fgfrá gf 2=. - Fi prhlrada gfkfrá gfkfrá `hotfofr ias fdbsbhofs fdbsbhofs gf `ará`tfr `ará`tfr jbeh y ias sfrbfs sfrbfs piurbaouaifs. piurbaouaifs. Agfdás, phgráo bo`iubrsf fo fi prhlrada ias oufvas sfrbfs gfjbobgas phr ia @hdbsbðo, ias fgbthrbai } `fp
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Bdphrtaotf Oh sf thdaráo fo `hosbgfra`bðo ias rfbtfra`bhofs gf shib`btugfs gfoflagas nasta quf nayao traos`urrbgh ai dfohs trfs añhs gfsgf ia jf`na gf ia aotfrbhr shib`btug.
fjfdârbgfs y tfdas gf a`tuaibgag, y ias pftb`bhofs quf ia @hdbsbðo a`ufrgf atfogfr. - Fi prhlrada gfkfrá rf`hlfr rf`hlfr,, para `aga fdbsbðo, su gfohdboa`bðo y, fo su `ash, fi dhtbvh gf ia shib`btug. Ia prhlrada`bðo aouai gf fdbsbhofs gf sfiihs y gfdás sblohs gf jraoqufh sfrá authrbzaga. Whga pfrshoa jäsb`a h eurägb`a, põkib`a h prbvaga, phgrá shib`btar, a travâs gf ia Pf`rftaräa gf ia @hdbsbðo Jbiatâib`a gfi Fstagh, ia fdbsbðo gf uo sfiih gf `hrrfh h sbloh gf jraoqufh, ias pftb`bhofs gfkfráo na`frsf, `hdh däobdh, `ho gh`f dfsfs gf aotfia`bðo a ia jf`na prhpufsta, fo su `ash, para su fdbsbðo.
Pfiih gf @hrrfhs, gfgb`agh a ia papbrhjifxba.
Dfgbaotf rfshiu`bðo `hoeuota gf ihs Puksf`rftarbhs gf Jhdfoth y gf F`hohdäa y Na`bfoga.Pbfdprf quf fstâ hjb`baidfotf fdbtbgh, fi sfiih gf `hrrfhs tbfof phgfr ibkfrathrbh gfi bdphrtf gfi jraoqufh fo ia `uaotäa quf fo fi dbsdh sf `hosbloa, shih pufgf sfr utbibzagh `ho fjf`ths ibkfrathrbhs phr fi hpfraghr gfsbloagh. Wadkbâo sf fdbtfo, `hdh dhgaibgag gf jraoqufh, rfprhgu``bhofs gfi prhpbh tbdkrf phstai, fo shkrf, tareftas phstaifs y `artas-shkrf. Fo fsta õitbda dhgaibgag sf fo`ufotrao ihs shkrfs prfjraoqufaghs gf vfota fo thgas ias hjb`boas gf ia rfg. Ihs sfiihs phgráo vfogfrsf ifyfogh fi `ðgblh gf karras quf vbfof fo fi pibflh h fo ihs sfiihs bogbvbguaifs.
a. @aoef gf sfiihs Ia [fshiu`bðo gf 1: gf fofrh gf ;=1>, `hoeuota gf ia Puksf`rftaräa gf Jhdfoth y gf ia Puksf`rftaräa gf 0<:
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Na`bfoga y Juo`bðo ]õkib`a, fstakif`f quf tfobfogh fo `ufota fi tbfdph traos`urrbgh gfsgf ia fotraga fo vblhr gf ia ohrdatbva gf botrhgu``bðo ai furh, dás gf 16 añhs, y gagh quf fi pfrähgh gf `aoef gf kbiiftfs y dhofgas gf pfsftas a furhs fo fi Kao`h gf Fspaña sf na dhgbjb`agh, fstakif`bfogh uo piazh quf jboaibza fi 01 gf gb`bfdkrf gf ;=;=, parf`f a`hosfeakif quf fi `aoef gf ihs sblohs gf jraoqufh fxprfsaghs fo pfsftas sf rfaib`f phr tbfdph ibdbtagh. ]hr fstas razhofs y ai hkefth gf ardhobzar fi pfrbhgh gf `aoef gf ihs sblohs gf jraoqufh `ho fi `aoef gf kbiiftfs y dhofgas sf `hosbgfra `hovfobfotf dhgbjb`ar fi puoth quboth, párrajh sfluogh, gf ia [fshiu`bðo gf 1; gf euobh gf ;==1 fstakif`bfogh quf fi `aoef gf fsths sblohs gf jraoqufh sf pufga rfaibzar nasta fi 01 gf gb`bfdkrf gf ;=;=.
k. ]rh`fsh gf `aea fo @hrrfhs Ihs `aoefs phr vaihr dayhr a :== ₩ oh sf pufgfo rfaibzar fo ia Hjb`boa, nay quf bojhrdar ai `ibfotf quf ih gfkf gf na`fr gbrf`tadfotf fo ia Vobgag @fotrai gf @aoef. @aoefar sfiihs h shkrfs, tareftas y `artas-shkrf `uyh vaihr thtai oh supfrf ihs :== ₩, sf pufgf rfaibzar phr `hrrfh a travâs gf ias hjb`boas. ]ara fiih, fi `ibfotf gfkf prfsfotar5 - Phib`btug dhgfih G;-sfiihs-furh `udpibdfotagh phr trbpib`agh. Fstf dhgfih sf gfs`arla gfs`arla gfsgf @hof`ta5
Jhrduiarbh `aoef gf sfiihs. fgbthrbai } `fp
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[f`ufrgf Ias fstadpibiias, sfiihs gf Aoghrra y ihs `aoefs phr vaihr dayhr a :== ₩ g f k f r f a i b z a r i h s f i `ibfotf gbrf`tadfotf fo ia Vobgag @fotrai gf @aoef. Asbdbsdh, sf `aoefaráo gbrf`tadfotf fo fsta uobgag ihs shkrfs, tareftas y `artas-shkrf `ho sfiihs prfvbadfotf fstadpaghs `uyh vaihr ja`bai fstâ gfohdboagh sðih fo pfsftas. Pf fx`iuyfo gf `aoef ihs fjf`ths gf ias aotbluas gfpfogfo`bas phstaifs fspañhias, fi bdphrtf gf ias shkrftasas, asä `hdh ihs ya utbibzaghs, ihs daobpuiaghs y ihs quf nukbfrao sbgh datasfiiaghs.
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- Jhth`hpba gfi gh`udfoth gf bgfotbjb`a`bðo. - Phkrf apth para fi foväh gfi vaihr jbiatâib`h `ho ia gbrf``bðo gf5 Vobgag @fotrai gf @aoef `/ Nbfgra s/o -fgbjb`bh gf @hrrfhs;>=<= Dagrbg - Whghs ihs sfiihs a `aoefar. - [fsluargh gfi foväh. Pb fi `ibfotf oh traf rfiifoh fi bdprfsh G;, fi fdpifagh quf va a `ursar fi `aoef gfkf gfs`arlarih gf ia botraoft y rfiifoarihs `adphs `hrrfsphogbfotfs a5 - Gaths gfi shib`btaotf. - Gaths gf ia hjb`boa quf quf agdbtf fi @aoef. - Gftaiif gf ihs sfiihs a `aoefar alrupaghs phr vaihr vaihr ja`bai y oµ gf uobgagfs, ia apib`a`bðo gfvhivfrá fi bdphrtf thtai fo pfsftas y fi `hotravaihr fo furhs gfi thtai gf ihs sfiihs a `aoefar. - Bogb`ar ohdkrf y `arlh gfi fdpifagh. A `hotboua`bðo sf bdprbdf phr trbpib`agh, sf jbrda y sfiia, `ho fi sfiih gf jf`nas y sf fotrfla ai `ibfotf para quf ih jbrdf. @hojf``bhoar fi foväh ZG (Atfo`bðo ai põkib`h) Voa vfz `hdprhkaghs thghs ihs gaths, ia pfrshoa gf atfo`bðo ai `ibfotf, botrhgu`f fo fi shkrf5 - Fi hrblboai gfi dhgfih G;-sfiihs-furh. - Whghs ihs sfiihs a `aoefar. - @hpba `htfeaga gfi gh`udfoth gf bgfotbgag. @bfrra fi shkrf, y ih `ursa `hdh Zaihr Jbiatâib`h. Fo fi shkrf bogb`ará `hdh gf`iara`bðo gf vaihr fi thtai gfi `hotravaihr fo furhs gf ihs sfiihs, if agnbfrf uoa ftbqufta gf `ðgblh gf karras gf Zaihr Gf`iaragh, y prf`bota fi shkrf. Fi foväh fs lratubth para fi `ibfotf, phr ih quf, ai rflbstrar ia agdbsbðo fo fi sbstfda, sf gfkf bogb`ar `hdh jraoqufh bob`bai fi thtai gfi vaihr gfi dbsdh.
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Ai `ibfotf sf if fotrfla ia sfluoga `hpba gfi dhgfih G;-sfiihs-furh y fi rfsluargh vaibgagh. Ia tfr`fra `hpba gfi dhgfih G;-sfiihs-furh sf ar`nbva fo ia hjb`boa. Gbrblbr ai `ibfotf a ia Vobgag @fotrai gf @aoef (Atfo`bðo ai põkib`h)
K. Pfiihs u htrhs sblohs gbstbotbvhs prfvbadfotf fstadpaghs fstadpaghs Pfrvbráo `hdh jraoqufh, sbfdprf quf fstâo hjb`baidfotf fdbtbghs, ihs sfiihs h sblohs gbstbotbvhs quf fstâo bo`hrphraghs a ia `ukbfrta gfi foväh phstai, sbfogh ia vfota gf ia `ukbfrta (shkrfs, tareftas y `artas-shkrf) y ia rfaibza`bðo gfi jraoqufh fjf`tuagas sbduitáofadfotf.
@. Bdprfsbhofs gf dáquboas gf jraoqufar Pf phgráo jraoqufar `ho dáquboas thghs aqufiihs prhgu`ths quf fstâo bo`iubghs fo ihs aofxhs gf ihs `hotraths fotrf fi `ibfotf, fdprfsa `hiakhraghra h fotbgag `hoshibgaghra y @hrrfhs, y quf sfao ja`turakifs phr ihs sbstfdas gf @hrrfhs. @hrrfhs, sflõo ihs rfqufrbdbfoths gfjbobghs, aprhkará ihs gbstboths dhgfihs gf dáquboas gf jraoqufar y sbstfdas gf rf`arla ash`baghs prfstaghs phr ihs prhvffghrfs authrbzaghs gf sfrvb`bh gf jraoqufh. Gfi dbsdh dhgh gftfrdboará a ihs hpfraghrfs authrbzaghs a rfaibzar ias tarfas gf daotfobdbfoth f bospf``bðo gf ihs dbsdhs. Ihs tbtuiarfs gf dáquboas oh pufgfo jraoqufar htra `hrrfsphogfo`ba quf ia gf su prhpbfgag, `ho ias fx`fp`bhofs sblubfotfs5 - Ihs nhtfifs h fstakif`bdbfoths sbdbiarfs pufgfo jraoqufar `ho su dáquboa ia `hrrfsphogfo`ba gf ias pfrshoas aiheagas fo fiihs. - Ias fdprfsas, ia gf sus su`ursaifs h jbibaifs, sbfdprf quf sf nala `hostar fo ihs shkrfs h `ukbfrtas fi ofxh quf ias uof. - Ias fdprfsas gf pukib`bgag gbrf`ta, ia gf sus `ibfotfs sbfdprf quf quf sf fxprfsf fo ias fstadpa`bhofs fi ohdkrf h razðo sh`bai gf ia fdprfsa pukib`btarba. - Ia `hrrfsphogfo`ba jraoqufaga a dáquboa gfkf gfkf gfphsbtarsf fo ia hjb`boa, a`hdpañaga gfi aikaráo gf fotrfla `hrrfsphogbfotf phr gupib`agh.
a. ]rhnbkb`bhofs lfofraifs fo fi ush gf dáquboas gf jraoqufar Ias dáquboas gf jraoqufar oh phgráo sfr utbibzagas sb oh nao sbgh prfvbadfotf authrbzagas phr @hrrfhs, oh phgráo sfr utbibzagas sb nao sbgh dhgbjb`agas gf tai daofra quf gbjbfrao gfi gbsfñh hrblboai `ho fi quf jufrho authrbzagas, ob phgráo sfr utbibzagas sb @hrrfhs rftbra su aprhka`bðo gfi dhgfih.
k. Phib`btug gf ush Ia shib`btug gfkfrá sfr rfaibzaga phr fi prhpbh shib`btaotf. Ihs rfqufrbdbfoths sho bogfpfogbfotfs gf sb fi shib`btaotf tbfof prfvbadfotf uo `hotrath `ho @hrrfhs para htrhs sfrvb`bhs phstaifs. Fiih sbo pfreub`bh gf quf thga authrbza`bðo gf jraoqufh phr dfgbh gf dáquboas, phr `uaoth sf trata gf uo dfgbh gf palh, gfkf br ash`baga a uo `hotrath. fgbthrbai } `fp
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]ara prh`fgfr a fdbtbr uoa authrbza`bðo sf rfqufrbrá `udpibdfotar ia shib`btug gf Dáquboas gf Jraoqufar DJ1 y jbrdar ias `hogb`bhofs lfofraifs gf ush gf ias Dáquboas gf Jraoqufar. Fotrf ihs gaths a fovbar jblurao5 - Ohdkrf y gbrf``bðo jbs`ai gfi authrbzagh. - Oõdfrh gf `hotrath. - OBJ/@BJ gfi authrbzagh. - Jakrb`aotf y dhgfih gf ia dáquboa gf jraoqufar.
@arta jraoqufaga a dáquboa
- Fi fdpiazadbfoth gf ia dáquboa a jraoqufar ghogf sfrá utbibzaga. - Fi ohdkrf y gbrf``bðo gf ia hjb`boa/`fotrh gf @hrrfhs ghogf ghogf fi usuarbh rfaibzará ihs gfpðsbths. - @ðgblh bgfotbjb`atbvh gf ia dáquboa (daträ`uia). Fs uo rflbstrh õob`h gf `aga dáquboa para @hrrfhs. @hdpufsth phr ghs gälbths bgfotbjb`atbvhs para fi jakrb`aotf y uo raolh sf`ufo`bai gf oõdfrhs quf prhphr`bhoa @hrrfhs.
`. Fi prh`fgbdbfoth gf authrbza`bðo Whghs ihs usuarbhs gfkfráo rfaibzar uoa shib`btug sflõo fi dhgfih DJ1 a @hrrfhs a travâs gf uoa hjb`boa phstai h kbfo gf ihs sfrvb`bhs `hdfr`baifs, qubfofs if ja`bibtaráo ihs târdbohs y `hogb`bhofs gf ush gf Dáquboas gf Jraoqufar. Ias dáquboas gf jraoqufar oh phgráo sfr utbibzagas nasta quf fi usuarbh oh naya hktfobgh ia authrbza`bðo gf @hrrfhs para phgfr na`frih. Ias dáquboas gf jraoqufar phgráo qufgar boutbibzagas phr boa`tbvbgag a bostao`ba gf @hrrfhs h phr jaita gf utbibza`bðo guraotf uo pfrbhgh bobotfrrudpbgh gf 1; dfsfs. @ho thgh, sus tbtuiarfs phgráo vhivfr a utbibzar fo `uaiqubfr dhdfoth sus dáquboas, `hduob`áoghih prfvbadfotf.
g. ]alh gfi jraoqufh Whgh fi saigh rfsbgfotf fo ihs fqubphs gf jraoqufar nakrá sbgh prfpalagh prfvbadfotf.
0>=
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Oboluoa dáquboa phgrá juo`bhoar sbo tfofr saigh. Obolõo usuarbh phgrá utbibzar ia dáquboa gf jraoqufar nasta quf fi saigh dhstragh fo su `hotaghr `hbo`bga `ho ia a`tuaibza`bðo gfi bdphrtf prfpalagh. Fi vaihr gf ias dar`as gf jraoqufh gfkf `hbo`bgbr `ho ia takia gf tarbjas phr prhgu`ths, pfshs y gfstbohs fstakif`bghs phr @hrrfhs.
f. Hpfratbva `ho ia dáquboa gf jraoqufar Ihs sfiihs gf sflurbgag fo ihs fqubphs gf jraoqufar oh sf phgráo rhdpfr, daobpuiar ob gupib`ar. Õob`adfotf ihs sfrvb`bhs authrbzaghs phr @hrrfhs phgráo a``fgfr a ias partfs gf ihs fqubphs prf`botaghs. Ias if`turas gf ihs `hotaghrfs gf ias dáquboas gfkfo dhstrar sbfdprf ias `bjras `hrrf`tas gf a`ufrgh ai ush gf ia dáquboa.
j. Bospf``bðo, daotfobdbfoth y rfpara`bhofs Ias dáquboas gf jraoqufar gfkfo fstar daotfobgas fo uo kufo fstagh gf juo`bhoadbfoth phr partf gfi usuarbh. Fi usuarbh gfkf ja`bibtar quf `aga fqubph authrbzagh a âi, sfa bospf``bhoagh `uaotas vf`fs sfa of`fsarbh, y ai dfohs uoa vfz ai añh phr ailuoh gf ihs prhvffghrfs gf sfrvb`bhs gf jraoqufh authrbzaghs.
l. Dar`as gf jraoqufh Ias dar`as gf jraoqufh sfráo fx`iusbvadfotf prhgu`bgas `ho ia authrbza`bðo gf @hrrfhs. Ias fstadpa`bhofs h bdprfsbhofs gf ia dáquboa gf jraoqufar gfkfráo `udpibr ihs sblubfotfs rfqufrbdbfoths5 - Ia dar`a gfkfrá sfr `iara y `hdpifta. Fi `hihr fiflbgh para ia dar`a fs fi azui, sblubfogh ias fspf`bjb`a`bhofs gfi `hihr fo fi ihlhtbph `hrphratbvh gf @hrrfhs. - Bo`iubrá uo `ðgblh kbgbdfosbhoai (;G). - Gfkfrá bo`hrphrar ia sblubfotf bojhrda`bðo5 ¼ ]aäs (FP). ¼ Bgfotbjb`aghr õob`h gf ia dáquboa gf jraoqufar (daträ`uia gf ia dáquboa). ¼ @hotaghr as`fogfotf gf hkefths phstaifs jraoqufaghs. ¼ Jf`na gfi gäa fo quf sf sf rfaibza fi gfpðsbth fo @hrrfhs. ¼ Bgfotbjb`aghr gf hjb`boa/`fotrh gf gfpðsbth. ¼ @ðgblh bgfotbjb`aghr gfi prhgu`th quf sf jraoqufa. ¼ @ðgblh bgfotbjb`aghr gf ihs vaihrfs añagbghs ai prhgu`th. ¼ Warbja gfi gfi foväh, bo`iuyfogh vaihrfs añagbghs sb ihs tuvbfra. ¼ Ihlhtbph gf @hrrfhs. ¼ Bgfotbjb`aghr gf ia vfrsbðo gf shjtwarf.
fgbthrbai } `fp
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Bdphrtaotf Fi fsihlao pukib`btarbh gfkf sfr authrbzagh phr @hrrfhs y phgrá sfr `adkbagh a vhiuotag gfi usuarbh sbfdprf quf `ufotf `ho ia gfkbga authrbza`bðo gf @hrrfhs.
Ia bojhrda`bðo bo`hrphraga, aotfrbhrdfotf dfo`bhoaga, sfrá vbsbkif fo ia dar`a gf jraoqufh f brá `hgbjb`aga gfotrh gf ia sbdkhihläa gf ;G gfi sbloh gf jraoqufh gf daofra quf sfa phsbkif su if`tura ðptb`a `ho ihs dfgbhs agf`uaghs. Fi usuarbh h prhpbftarbh gf ia dáquboa phgrá bo`hrphrar uo fsihlao pukib`btarbh gf ia fdprfsa, sbfdprf y `uaogh oh sfa `hosbgfragh `hdh hjfosbvh h prhguz`a gbjb`uitagfs hpfratbvas. Ias Fotbgagfs @hiakhraghras y Fdprfsas `hoshibgaghras, agfdás gfi tbph gf rfia`bðo quf tbfofo `ho @hrrfhs, gfkfráo na`fr `hostar su ohdkrf, razðo sh`bai y gbrf``bðo. Fi bdphrtf gf jraoqufh sf fxprfsará fo furhs `ho `âotbdhs fo jhrdath fstáogar xxx,xx ₩. Ias dar`as gf jraoqufh gfkfráo aparf`fr fo ia fsquboa supfrbhr gfrf`na gfi shkrf h fo ia partf jrhotai supfrbhr gfi dbsdh. Ia dar`a gf jraoqufh tadkbâo phgrá sfr bdprfsa fo uoa ftbqufta agnfsbva quf sf pfluf ai foväh fo ias partfs aotfrbhrdfotf dfo`bhoagas gfi foväh.
n. Bo`bgfo`bas • Bosujb`bfo`bas gf jraoqufh
@uaogh sf gftf`tf bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh fo fi dhdfoth gf ia agdbsbðo, fi usuarbh tfográ quf `hdpiftar fi bdphrtf gf thghs ihs fovähs `ho bdphrtf bojfrbhr. Fsta bosujb`bfo`ba sfrá akhoaga dfgbaotf ihs sblubfotfs dfgbhs gf palh5 Fo fjf`tbvh. ]hr `nfquf. Dfgbaotf bolrfsh fo `ufota gf @hrrfhs. ]hr bdprfsbðo gf dar`a gf jraoqufh dfgbaotf dáquboa gf jraoqufar. • Fx`fsh gf jraoqufh
Fo aqufiihs `ashs fo ihs quf sf gftf`tf fx`fsh gf jraoqufh fi usuarbh sfrá avbsagh gf fsta `br`uostao`ba. Fi usuarbh phgrá hptar phr `hotbouar `ho ia agdbsbðo gf ihs fovähs, rfouo`baogh ai bdphrtf gf fx`fsh gf jraoqufh, h oh rfaibzar ihs gfpðsbths gf fovähs f bob`bar ihs trádbtfs gf jraoqufh boutbibzagh. • Jraoqufh boutbibzagh
Fo aqufiihs `ashs fo ihs quf fi usuarbh, phr frrhr, naya jraoqufagh uoa sfrbf gf shkrfs h `ukbfrtas pfrjf`tadfotf 0>;
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
iflbkifs y ihs prfsfotf euoth a ia shib`btug gf gfvhiu`bðo gfi bdphrtf jraoqufagh fo ia Efjatura ]rhvbo`bai `hrrfsphogbfotf gfotrh gf ias ;7 nhras sblubfotfs a ia jf`na gf bdprfsbðo. Pf gfgu`brá, `ho `ará`tfr lfofrai, fi 1=% gfi bdphrtf boutbibzagh.
b. @hogb`bhofs gf agdbsbðo Ihs fovähs sfráo gfphsbtaghs fo ihs puoths gf Agdbsbðo authrbzaghs phr @hrrfhs para fstf jbo y rfjifeaghs fo fi `hotrath. Gfkfrá prfsfotarsf fo fi `fotrh/hjb`boa phstai quf `hostf fo fi gh`udfoth, ihs fovähs gfkfráo sfr gfphsbtaghs fo @hrrfhs fo ia dbsda jf`na quf ia bogb`aga fo ia dar`a gf jraoqufh. Ihs fovähs sf prfsfotaráo sfparaghs phr dáquboa, phr prhgu`ths y vaihrfs añagbghs y `ho su `hrrfsphogbfotf aikaráo gf fotrfla para `aga dáquboa gf jraoqufar. Fo ia a`tuaibgag sf fstá trakaeaogh, sblubfogh ias gbrf`trb`fs gfi ]iao Fstratâlb`h para sbdpibjb`ar fstf tbph gf agdbsbðo y usar uo shih Aikaráo para thgh tbph gf prhgu`ths agdbtbghs gf uo dbsdh `ibfotf. Fo fi supufsth gf quf ia jf`na gf ia dar`a gf jraoqufh sfa gbjfrfotf a ia gfi gäa gfi gfpðsbth s phgráo agdbtbr fovähs `ho jf`na atrasaga gf ;7 nhras sbfdprf y `uaogh fo fi dhdfoth gfi gfpðsbth fi usuarbh prfsfotf ihs fovähs `ho uoa fstadpa`bðo agb`bhoai phr bdphrtf ’`frh— ₩. Oh sf phgrá fx`fgfr gf ghs dar`as gf jraoqufh phr foväh, gfkbfogh jblurar fo iular `hdpiftadfotf vbsbkif fo fi aovfrsh gfi foväh. Ihs fovähs jraoqufaghs a dáquboa quf sf prfsfotfo `ho bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh phgráo `hdpiftar fsa bosujb`bfo`ba `ho sfiihs `uaogh, fi `ibfotf sfa qubfo aphrtf ihs sfiihs. Ia Hjb`boa oh pufgf `hdpiftar ia bosujb`bfo`ba `ho vfota gf sfiihs, sä utbibzaogh htrhs agdbtbghs fo hjb`boa.
e. @ara`tfrästb`as gf sflurbgag gf ia tf`ohihläa gblbtai @aga bdprfsbðo gf jraoqufh `ho sblohs gf ; gbdfosbhofs (;G) fs õob`a. Ia bdprfsbðo gfi sädkhih gf jraoqufh oh fs phsbkif sbo jhoghs fo ia dfdhrba gf ia dáquboa. @ho ia tf`ohihläa gblbtai oh sf utbibza obolõo trhqufi df`áob`h, ia bdprfsbðo gblbtai gf ;G sðih sf pufgf lfofrar `ho uo `akfzai gblbtai (ia pia`a fif`trðob`a fstá fo`rbptaga y nfrdâtb`adfotf `frraga). Oh sf pufgf daobpuiar fi `akfzai sbo pfrjhrarih. Ihs `artu`nhs gf tbota tbfofo `hojbluragas sus `ara`tfrästb`as gf tbota para ias of`fsbgagfs gf `aga paäs y sho gftf`tagas authdátb`adfotf phr ias dáquboas gf jraoqufar. Ihs `akfzaifs gf jraoqufh oh sho a`tbvhs, sbo uoa `hofxbðo a uo sfrvbghr sflurh, y sbo `hofxbhofs pfrbðgb`as para vaibgar su fstagh oh pufgfo bdprbdbr sbloh gf jraoqufh ailuoh. Ias `hduob`a`bhofs fotrf ias dáquboas gf jraoqufar y fi sfrvbghr gf ihs prhvffghrfs gf sfrvb`bhs gf jraoqufh sho authdátb`as väa dðgfd. Ia dáquboa gf jraoqufar sf pufgf prhlradar pfrbðgb`adfotf para quf sf `hof`tf `ho fi sfrvbghr y `hdprufkf su fstagh dfgbaotf fi dðgfd quf iifva bo`hrphragh. Ia bojhrda`bðo gf prhgu``bðo aida`foaga fo ia dáquboa gf jraoqufar (oµ gf fovähs f bdphrtfs phr `atflhräa) sf traosdbtbrá ai prhvffghr gf sfrvb`bhs pfrbðgb`adfotf väa dðgfd gfsgf ia dáquboa gf jraoqufar. fgbthrbai } `fp
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Fi usuarbh fiakhra fi aikaráo gf fotrfla gf ihs fovähs `ho ias apib`a`bhofs quf @hrrfhs tbfof pufstas a su gbsphsb`bðo.
c. Gfpðsbth Fi usuarbh gfphsbta sus fovähs y ihs `hrrfsphogbfotfs aikaraofs gf fotrfla fo fi puoth gf agdbsbðo gf @hrrfhs. Pf rfaibza ia agdbsbðo phr ia apib`a`bðo gf aikaraofs (fo hjb`boas h `fotrhs) gf ihs fovähs `ho fi aikaráo. Pf `hdprufka sb nay saigh sujb`bfotf fo fsa dáquboa para na`fr fi gfpðsbth, y sf rfsta fi bdphrtf gf`iaragh authdátb`adfotf gfi saigh gfi usuarbh dfgbaotf ia agdbsbðo gfi aikaráo, iðlb`adfotf tadkbâo sf `hdprufka quf ia `aotbgag gf fovähs gfphsbtaga `hbo`bgf `ho ia gf`iaraga fo fi aikaráo. ]frbðgb`adfotf ia bojhrda`bðo gf a`tbvbgag gf ias dáquboas gf jraoqufar fs fovbaga a ihs sfrvbghrfs `fotraifs gf @hrrfhs phr partf gf ihs prhvffghrfs gf sfrvb`bhs gf jraoqufh. Fsta bojhrda`bðo gf prhgu``bðo gf ias dáquboas sf `ruza `ho ia gf gfpðsbth gf ihs aikaraofs para `hotrhiar fi `hrrf`th ush gf ia dáquboa gf jraoqufar. Ia bojhrda`bðo däobda a sudbobstrar phr fi prhvffghr gf sfrvb`bhs a @hrrfhs sfrá ia sblubfotf5 - Jf`na gf jraoqufh. - Oµ gf fovähs thtaifs jraoqufaghs. - Oµ gf fovähs jraoqufaghs phr prhgu`th. - @râgbth thtai `hosudbgh. - @râgbth thtai `hosudbgh phr prhgu`th.
G. Fstadpbiias Pho fstadpa`bhofs fo ftbquftas authagnfsbvas bdprfsas phr fi vaihr sfif``bhoagh y fdbtbgas phr ias fstadpbiiaghras gf @hrrfhs, quf albibzao ia iakhr gfi agdbshr, ja`bibtáoghif fi pfsh, ia tarbja y jraoqufh fo uo `hrth fspa`bh gf tbfdph. Ias fstadpbiias gf jraoqufh rfjifearáo fi vaihr gf ia tarbja h prf`bh fxblbgh phr ia prfsta`bðo gfi sfrvb`bh gf quf sf tratf, agnbrbâoghsf a ia `ukbfrta gf ihs fovähs.
Fstadpbiia gf jraoqufh
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fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Pho parf`bgas a ihs sfiihs `ho ia saivfgag gf oh tfofr vaihr ja`bai nasta ia bdprfsbðo gf ia fstadpbiia, fstf tbph gf jraoqufh fo ia a`tuaibgag fstá dás fxtfogbgh fo Hjb`boas Auxbibarfs, sb kbfo sf na`f nbo`apbâ fo ia su vfota shih para fi jraoqufh gf fovähs quf vao a sfr gfphsbtaghs gbrf`tadfotf fo vfotaobiia.
F. Fstadpbiias AWD Ias fstadpbiias AWD, sho fstadpbiias váibgas para fi jraoqufh, pfrh `ho uoa hrbfota`bðo fspf`bai na`ba ihs `hif``bhobstas jbiatâib`hs. Fsta gfohdboa`bðo prhvbfof gf ia paiakra aifdaoa AuWhdatfoDarcfo, `uyh sblobjb`agh fs ’sfiih gf dáquboa authdátb`a—. Ia vfota gf ftbquftas jraoqufaghras gf `hrrfsphogfo`ba fs uo fifdfoth gf `hif``bhobsdh jbiatâib`h quf hjrf`fo oudfrhshs paäsfs. @hrrfhs na gf`bgbgh rfthdar fstf sfrvb`bh y na agqubrbgh uo ’]uoth jbiatâib`h— gbspfosaghr gf ftbquftas gf papfi târdb`h, authagnfsbvh y quf pfrdbtf dar`ar fi jraoqufh `ho ias tarbjas A, A;, K y @. Fstf puoth, sf bostaiará ohrdaidfotf fo jfrba jbiatâib`as y gf jhrda fstakif fo Dagrbg. @aga ftbqufta iifva bdprfsa uoa sf`ufo`ba gf gälbths. A dhgh gf fefdpih5 K7FP1: FP=1-===1-==1, quf bgfotbjb`ao5 - K5 dhgaibgag gf dáquboa, - 75 dfs, - FP5 paäs, - 1<5 añh, - FP=15 oõdfrh gf dáquboa, - ===15 oõdfrh gf sfsbðo (gälbths quf vao bo`rfdfotaogh `ho `aga `hdpra), y - ==15 oõdfrh gf ia ftbqufta gfotrh gf ia sfsbðo (dáxbdh gf ><6 ftbquftas phr sfsbðo).
Fstadpbiia AWD, ;=12
Fsths fqubphs gf authsfrvb`bh, fi usuarbh pufgf sfif``bhoar uo vaihr ja`bai, fjf`tuar fi palh, y fi fxpfogfghr fdbtf fo fi a`th fi sfiih gf vaihr varbakif agf`uagh a sus of`fsbgagfs gf jraofgbthrbai } `fp
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Wfda <
qufh. Ia dáquboa pfrdbtf uoa `hdpra dáxbda gf 022,22 ₩ phr sfsbðo y shih a`fpta palh phr tarefta gf `râgbth h gâkbth (fx`iubgas Gbofrs @iuk).
J. Jraoqufhs gf palh gbjfrbgh ]rfvbh `hotrath `ho fi rfdbtfotf, ihs fovähs `br`uiaráo `ho uoa bgfotbjb`a`bðo gf fstf dfgbh gf palh, prh`fgbâoghsf ai palh gfi sfrvb`bh `hrrfsphogbfotf fo fi dhdfoth, iular y `hogb`bhofs quf fstakifz`a fi hpfraghr ai quf sf na fo`hdfogagh ia prfsta`bðo gfi sfrvb`bh phstai uobvfrsai. Fo juo`bðo gf sus pf`uibarbgagfs, fstf sbstfda phgrá agdbtbr gbstbotas dhgaibgagfs gf palh, taifs `hdh fi jraoqufh palagh, `ho`frtagh y htras quf sf gftfrdbofo phr gb`nh hpfraghr.
a. ]alh Gbjfrbgh gf ]aquftfräa Fstf sbstfda rfqufrbrá `hotrata`bðo prfvba, y sf `ho`fgf a `ibfotfs quf sf `hdprhdftao a gfphsbtar, `hdh ohrda lfofrai, uo däobdh gf 1.=== paquftfs aouaifs.
k. ]alh Gbjfrbgh gf Ibkrhs Pf utbibza para fovähs gf ibkrhs taoth gf ádkbth oa`bhoai `hdh botfroa`bhoai phr partf gf fdprfsas fgbthras, gbstrbkubghras h `fotrhs gf fosfñaoza phr `hrrfsphogfo`ba.
`. Jraoqufh ]alagh Fi sbstfda gf jraoqufh palagh rfqubfrf `hotrath prfvbh `ho fi rfdbtfotf. Ihs fovähs gfkfo gfphsbtarsf fo ias hjb`boas authrbzagas, gfkbfogh rfuobr ias sblubfotfs `ara`tfrästb`as5 Fo fi áoluih supfrbhr bzqubfrgh gfi aovfrsh jblura fi dfdkrftf gfi rfdbtfotf. Fi áoluih supfrbhr gfrf`nh iifva bdprfsh uo `aeftäo gf jhrda rf`taoluiar, gf 6=^;= dd, quf `hotbfof fo su iagh bzqubfrgh ia `hroadusa y, a `hotboua`bðo, fo ghs iäofas, ia bogb`a`bðo ’Jraoqufh ]alagh— y gfkaeh, fi oõdfrh gf ia authrbza`bðo, prf`fgbgh gf uoa ’B— sb sf trata gf bdprfshs.
@aeftbo gf Jraoqufh ]alagh
Fi gfpðsbth sf a`hdpaña gfi Aikaráo gf Fotrfla `hrrfsphogbfotf. Ia shib`btug para phgfr a`hlfrsf a fstf sbstfda gf jraoqufh, sf `ursará a travâs gf ias Hjb`boas ]hstaifs fo quf ragbquf fi ghdb`bibh gfi shib`btaotf h sfgf `fotrai gfi dbsdh, `hrrfsphogbfogh su authrbza`bðo a ia Gbrf``bðo @hdfr`bai. Fstf sbstfda sf agdbtf fo ihs sblubfotfs prhgu`ths5 0>:
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
- @artas (bo`iubgas ias `frtbjb`agas, `ho avbsh gf rf`bkh y rffdkhish) gf ádkbth oa`bhoai f botfroa`bhoai. - @artas Vrlfotfs (bo`iubgas ias `frtbjb`agas y `ho avbsh gf rf`bkh) gf ádkbth oa`bhoai f botfroa`bhoai. - Ohtbjb`a`bhofs gf ádkbth oa`bhoai - ]ukib`hrrfh gf ádkbth oa`bhoai f botfroa`bhoai. - ]ukibkuzðo gf ádkbth oa`bhoai. Fo ia prfsfota`bðo gf fsths gfpðsbths sf a`hdpañará fi `hrrfsphogbfotf aikaráo gf fotrfla y uoa rfia`bðo gf fovähs gfphsbtaghs (para fovähs rflbstraghs). Pf fotbfogf phr gfpðsbths dasbvhs5 Däobdh gf 1.=== `artas h 1=.=== fovähs gf ]ukib`hrrfh fo `aga fotrfla, sbfdprf quf supfrfo ihs 6=.=== fovähs gf `artas h 6=.=== gf fovähs gf ]ukib`hrrfh aouaifs. ]ara `artas urlfotfs fi däobdh aouai sfrá gf 7.=== fovähs.
L. Jraoqufh @ho`frtagh Fi jraoqufh `ho`frtagh sðih pufgf apib`arsf a aqufiihs pfrbðgb`hs quf nayao sbgh `aibjb`aghs `hdh taifs phr fi @fotrh Gbrf`tbvh y phsfao authrbza`bðo para utbibzar fstf sbstfda gf jraoqufh. Phiadfotf fs váibgh para ihs fovähs gf `ará`tfr hrgboarbh, fo thghs ihs ádkbths lfhlrájb`hs gbrblbghs a sus`rbpthrfs. Ihs gfpðsbths gfkfo rfaibzarsf fo ia Hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs gf ia ih`aibgag ghogf fstâ ragb`agh fi ghdb`bibh gfi fgbthr, h fo ia Efjatura ]rhvbo`bai gf ia gfdar`a`bðo. Fx`fp`bhoaidfotf, fi @fotrh gbrf`tbvh pufgf authrbzar fi gfpðsbth fo htras Efjaturas ]rhvbo`baifs h Agdbobstra`bhofs. Fstf tbph gf jraoqufh sf utbibza para fovähs gf pukib`a`bhofs pfrbðgb`as rfdbtbgas phr ias fdprfsas fgbthras h gbstrbkubghras sbfdprf quf nayao sbgh `aibjb`agas `hdh pfrbðgb`hs phr fi @fotrh Gbrf`tbvh y phsfao authrbza`bðo para utbibzar fstf sbstfda gf jraoqufh. Fi gfpðsbth sf a`hdpaña gfi aikaráo gf fotrfla `hrrfsphogbfotf.
fgbthrbai } `fp
Whdf ohta Fo ia `ukbfrta gf ihs fovähs gfkf aparf`fr ia bogb`a`bðo ’Jraoqufh @ho`frtagh— y fi oõdfrh `iasbjb`aghr h `ho`bfrth gagh phr fi @fotrh Gbrf`tbvh.
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N. Jraoqufh fo Gfstboh Fstf sbstfda pfrdbtf quf fi jraoqufh oh sfa akhoagh phr fi rfdbtfotf, sboh phr fi gfstboatarbh, a travâs gf uo apartagh fspf`bai JG prfvbadfotf `hotratagh fo ia hjb`boa. Fstf tbph gf fovähs sf gfphsbtao fo ihs kuzhofs gf ush põkib`h, sbo quf sfa of`fsarbh quf fi rfdbtfotf agnbfra jraoqufh ailuoh.
Phkrf Jraoqufh fo Gfstboh
Phiadfotf pufgf utbibzarsf para `artas, tareftas phstaifs y nheas-pfgbgh gf ibkrfräa y, fo `uaiqubfr `ash, `hdh `hrrfsphogfo`ba hrgboarba gfotrh gfi ádkbth lfhlrájb`h oa`bhoai. ]ara shib`btar fstf sbstfda gf jraoqufh fi usuarbh ih shib`btará a ia Gbrf``bðo @hdfr`bai a travâs gf ias hjb`boas phstaifs. Ia Gbrf``bðo @hdfr`bai `ho`fgfrá ai usuarbh uo apartagh fspf`bai y fx`iusbvh, gfohdboagh JG, fo fi quf sf rf`bkbrá ia `hrrfsphogfo`ba (prfvbh gfpðsbth gf jbaoza gfi 7=% gfi bdphrtf gf ihs fovähs quf rf`bkbrá gf sus `ibfotfs guraotf uo dfs). Fi foväh sfrá fotrflagh ai tbtuiar gfi Apartagh J.G. rfia`bhoaghs fo uoa ohta gf rftbraga gf fovähs `hojhrdf ai sblubfotf dhgfih5 Fi oufvh gbsfñh gfi shkrf h tarefta gf Jraoqufh fo Gfstboh para fi ádkbth botfrbhr, oa`bhoai, prfsfota ias sblubfotfs `ara`tfrästb`as5 Ia bo`iusbðo gf ia bgfotbjb`a`bðo gf @hrrfhs `hdh prhvffghr gfi sfrvb`bh quf, of`fsarbadfotf, iifvará fsths `uatrh fifdfoths5 - Ia paiakra ’Fspaña—. - Ia `hroadusa. - Ia bogb`a`bðo5 ’Jraoqufh fo gfstboh—. - Ias sblias ’J.G.—. Ias dfgbgas gf rfjfrfo`ba para fstas bogb`a`bhofs fo `aeftäo sfráo gf 6;x;; dd. h 12,>x;; dd. Karra vfrtb`ai a `hihr azui paothof 671@ hp`bhoai h oflrh. 0>>
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Fspa`bh rfsfrvagh para ia bogfxa`bðo5 16 dd. fo fi khrgf bojfrbhr. ]hsbkbibgag gf utbibza`bðo gfi `hihr lrbs/oflrh fo thga ia lrajäa prfbdprfsa. ]hsbkbibgag gf bosfrtar fo fi áoluih supfrbhr bzqubfrgh ia jrasf5 ’[fspufsta @hdfr`bai—. ]hsbkbibgag gf bo`hrphrar bdalfo y pukib`bgag gfi `ibfotf fo fi darlfo bzqubfrgh gfi aovfrsh gfi shkrf. Fi kihquf gf ia gbrf``bðo `hotfográ ia sblubfotf bojhrda`bðo5
Fi oufvh dhgfih gf shkrf pfrdbtf bosfr`bðo gf `rfatbvbgag prhpba gfi `ibfotf fo if darlfo bzqubfrgh gfi aovfrsh y pfrdbtbrá bo`iubr fo fi juturh `ðgblhs gf karras para ia if`tura bojhrdatbzaga. Iiavfrhs Jraoqufh fo Gfstboh5 fxbstf ia phsbkbibgag gf rf`bkbr iiavfrhs `ho iiavfs fxtravbagas, fo uo Apartagh gf Jraoqufh fo Gfstboh, fsths fovähs sf akhoaráo `hdh `artas oh ohrdaibzagas.
B. @@[B Ihs fovähs @@[B, sho ia ’vfrsbðo botfroa`bhoai— gfi Jraoqufh fo Gfstboh, sf gfohdboa ’@hrrfsphogfo`ba `hdfr`bai-[fspufsta botfroa`bhoai (@@[B)—, su apib`a`bðo para ihs fovähs rf`bkbghs fo Fspaña, sf fxtbfogf a `artas y tareftas phstaifs ohrdaibzagas (;0,6 phr 1; `d), `ho uo iädbtf dáxbdh gf ;6= lradhs.
a. Jhrdath Fi aovfrsh gf ihs fovähs @@[B gfkfrá `fñbrsf a ia sblubfotf gfs`rbp`bðo5
fgbthrbai } `fp
0>2
Wfda <
Fo fi áoluih supfrbhr gfrf`nh gfkfrá br rfprfsfotagh, aprhxbdagadfotf a uoa gbstao`ba gf 6 dd gf ihs khrgfs supfrbhr y gfrf`nh gfi foväh y fo uo rf`uagrh gf 7= dd gf iholbtug phr 0= dd gf aitura, fi sädkhih gfi sfiih gf @hrrfhs, `ruzagh phr uoa lrufsa iäofa gbalhoai gfsgf ia fsquboa supfrbhr bzqubfrga nasta ia bojfrbhr gfrf`na, shkrfbdprfsa `ho ia paiakra ’OF ]AP AJJ[AO@NB[— fo ia partf supfrbhr y ’OH J[AOQVFA[— fo ia bojfrbhr. Fo`bda gf ia gbrf``bðo gfkfo bdprbdbrsf ghs karras nhrbzhotaifs, paraifias, gf uo fspfshr däobdh gf 0 dd y >= dd gf iholbtug, `hih`agas phr ih dfohs a 17 dd gf gbstao`ba uoa gf htra (;= dd fo sus khrgfs fxtfrohs), a 16 dd gfi khrgf gfrf`nh gfi foväh y, fotrf fstas ghs karras, ghs iäofas gf tfxth fo dayõs`uia. Ia prbdfra gfkf gf`br ’[FP]VFPWA ]ALAGA—/’[F]HOPF ]ARFF— y ia sfluoga, ’FP]AÑA/FP]ALOF—. Gfkaeh gf ias ghs karras nhrbzhotaifs gfkf jblurar fi ohdkrf gfi tbtuiar gf ia `ho`fsbðo, fi oõdfrh gf apartagh fspf`bai @@[B asbloagh, ia ih`aibgag gf gfstboh `ho su `ðgblh phstai y ’Fspaña— bdprfsh `ho iftra dayõs`uia. Fo fi áoluih supfrbhr bzqubfrgh gfkf bdprbdbrsf ia bogb`a`bðo ’]H[ AZBÐO—, AZBÐO—, ’]A[ AZBHO— AZBHO— y gfkaeh BK[P/@@[B `ho fi oõdfrh gf authrbza`bðo `ho`fgbga ai `ibfotf. Whghs ihs tfxths, ihs sädkhihs y gfdás bdprfsbhofs gfkfo fjf`tuarsf fo `hihr hs`urh `hotrastagh `ho uo jhogh `iarh. Oh fstáo pfrdbtbghs ihs `hihrfs vävbghs h ihs thohs quf `hotfolao sustao`bas jhsjhrfs`fotfs.
Phkrf @@[B
k. Htrhs paäsfs Fo ailuohs paäsfs fi sfrvb`bh sf gfohdboa BK[P (Botfroatbhoai Kusbofss [fsphosf Pfrvb`f). Fxbstfo uoa sfrbf gf paäsfs a ihs quf sf ifs apib`a ias gbdfosbhofs y pfshs dáxbdhs gf ia `arta5 Aifdaoba, Austrba, Austrba, Kâilb`a, Gboadar`a, Fsihvaquba, Fsihvfoba, Fsthoba, Jboiaogba, Jrao`ba, Lrf`ba, Nuolräa, Briaoga, Bsiaogba, Btaiba, Ifthoba, Ibtuaoba, Iuxfdkurlh, Ohrufla, ]hihoba, [fp. @nf`a, [udaoba, Puf`ba, Pubza, ]fsh dáxbdh5 ;cl 02=
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Wadañh dáxbdh5 iarlh + ao`nh + aith 4 dáxbdh 2=`d (oh fx`fgbfogh gf := `d ia dayhr). Wadañh däobdh5 17 x 2`d
E. ]rfpalh Fi sbstfda gf prfpalh pfrdbtf quf ihs shkrfs h fdkaiaefs quf `hotfolao ihs fovähs phstaifs bo`hrphrfo fi prf`bh h tarbja gf ia prfsta`bðo phstai.
Phkrfs prfpalaghs
C. Zaifs-[fspufsta (’@HV]HO-[F]HOPF—) Oh sho fxa`tadfotf uo sbstfda gf jraoqufh, sho fjf`ths fdbtbghs phr ia Hjb`boa Botfroa`bhoai gf ia Vobðo ]hstai Vobvfrsai (V]V). Pho fxpfgbghs phr ihs paäsfs dbfdkrhs quf nayao a`fptagh fo`arlarsf gf ihs dbsdhs. Pu piazh gf vaibgfz fs fi quf jblura fo fi prhpbh vaif. Pf agqubfrfo fo uo paäs y pufgfo `aoefarsf fo htrh gf ia V]V, phr sfiihs gf @hrrfhs fqubvaifotfs ai jraoqufh däobdh gf uoa `arta hrgboarba, gbrblbga ai fxtraoefrh fo uo vaihr jbeagh fo ias tarbjas vblfotfs. Pu vfota y `aoef sf fjf`tõa fo thgas ias hjb`boas ghogf fxbsta vfota gf sfiihs. Ihs vaifs-rfspufsta sf bdprbdbráo phr ia Hjb`boa Botfroa`bhoai fo papfi `ho uoa jbiblraoa quf iifvf ias iftras V]V. ]ara rfaibzar fi `aoef gf vaifs V]V fs of`fsarbh quf fo fi aida`âo gf ia hjb`boa fxbstao sujb`bfotfs sfiihs `arlaghs phr fsf vaihr. Fi prf`bh gf `aoef gf uo vaif V]V sfrá fi dáxbdh vaihr gf uoa `arta botfroa`bhoai gf ia sfrbf kásb`a y sf `aoefa fx`iusbvadfotf phr sfiihs, ouo`a phr htrhs sbstfdas gf jraoqufh.
fgbthrbai } `fp
021
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@O=1.Zaif rfspufsta V]V
Ihs Zaifs [fspufsta sfráo sfiiaghs fo su jf`na phr ia hjb`boa quf ihs na `aoefagh. Ihs Zaifs V]V `aoefaghs sf fovbaráo a jboai gf dfs (fo paquftfs gf 1.===), para su `hotrhi, a ia sblubfotf gbrf``bðo5 Gbrf``bðo Ageuota gf Hpfra`bhofs Vobgag gf @hotrhi (Z (ZAIFP AIFP V]V) Zäa Gukiäo <, ;a piaota. ;>=<= Dagrbg
I. Jraoqufh fif`trðob`h Ia pálboa \fk gf @hrrfhs hoibof na bo`hrphragh uo sbstfda gf jraoqufh fif`trðob`h gf `frtbjb`aghs, quf pfrdbtf ia phsbkbibgag gf palar a travâs gf Botfroft uoa rfia`bðo gf fovähs hrgboarbhs h `frtbjb`aghs.
02;
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Fstf sfrvb`bh kus`a anhrrar tbfdph y trádbtfs gf agdbsbðo gf ihs `frtbjb`aghs quf sf iifvaräao a `akh fo ias hjb`boas phstaifs y ja`bibtar a ias pfrshoas quf gfsffo rfaibzar gfpðsbths su rfaibza`bðo ya quf oh sfrá of`fsarbh iifvar gbofrh fo fjf`tbvh. Fi ush gfi sfrvb`bh gf jraoqufh fif`trðob`h, fxblf quf fi usuarbh naya rflbstragh sus rfia`bhofs gf `frtbjb`aghs dfgbaotf fi sfrvb`bh gf Bgfotbjb`a`bðo gf @frtbjb`aghs. Gb`nh sfrvb`bh pfrdbtf `rfar uoa rfia`bðo gf fovähs `frtbjb`aghs lra`bas a ia bgfotbjb`a`bðo gf ias `artas quf ia `hdphofo3 para su phstfrbhr agdbsbðo fo ias Hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs.
D. Wu sfiih Wu sfiih sf `rfa dfgbaotf ia [fshiu`bðo gf ;= gf gb`bfdkrf gf ;==:, `hoeuota gf ias Puksf`rftaräas gf Jhdfoth y gf F`hohdäa y Na`bfoga, sbfogh phstfrbhrdfotf dhgbjb`aga phr ia [fshiu`bðo gf 1> gf euibh gf ;=17, shkrf fdbsbðo y pufsta fo `br`uia`bðo gf uoa sfrbf gf sfiihs gf `hrrfhs gfohdboaga ’sfiihs pfrshoaibzaghs—. Fi sfrvb`bh ’Wu sfiih— pfrdbtf ia `hojf``bðo gf sfiihs `ho bdalfo prhphr`bhoaga phr fi `ibfotf y vaibgaga phr @hrrfhs, `ho ias dbsdas `ara`tfrästb`as tâ`ob`as gfi sfiih tragb`bhoai, fstf sfrvb`bh sf prfsta a travâs gf @hrrfhs Hoibof. Ia Ph`bfgag Fstatai @hrrfhs y Wfiâlrajhs rfaibzará ia aprhka`bðo gf bdálfofs, ia bdprfsbðo y fi foväh a ghdb`bibh gf ihs sfiihs pfrshoaibzaghs gf `aga dhgfih, fo fi piazh dáxbdh gf uo dfs gfsgf ia aprhka`bðo gf ia shib`btug. Fi foväh gf ihs pibflhs sf rfaibzará dfgbaotf fi sfrvb`bh gf ]aq ]rfdbud. Ihs `hotfobghs y ias bdálfofs gf ihs sfiihs gfkfráo prfsfotarsf fo sfotbgh phsbtbvh, `ho ia shia fx`fp`bðo gf ihs sfiihs gfgb`aghs a `adpañas gf iu`na `hotra ias fojfrdfgagfs u htrhs daifs pfrshoaifs h sh`baifs. @hrrfhs sf rfsfrva fi gfrf`nh a agdbtbr ias bdálfofs prhphr`bhoagas phr ihs `ibfotfs quf, fo thgh `ash, rfspftaráo ias ohrdas `ho ’Wu sfiih—, quf prhtflfo ihs gfrf`nhs shkrf âstas, asä `hdh ias quf prhtflfo ihs gfrf`nhs juogadfotaifs gf ias pfrshoas sflõo sf rf`hlf fo fi ]rhth`hih gf Zaibga`bðo gf ]fgbghs. @ho `ará`tfr lfofrai oh sf agdbtbráo bdálfofs gf pfrshoas vbvas. Oh hkstaotf, phgráo jblurar fo ihs sfiihs fi Efjf gfi Fstagh, ihs dbfdkrhs gf ia Jadbiba [fai u htras pfrshoas gf rfifvao`ba ohthrba y quf luargfo rfia`bðo `ho Fspaña. Gagh quf ihs sfiihs `hostbtuyfo fifdfoths gf `hduob`a`bðo y fotfogbdbfoth, oh gfkfo jblurar a`hotf`bdbfoths h pfrshoaefs prfsfotfs h prftârbths, auo `uaogh nukbfrao jaiif`bgh, `uaogh su rfprfsfota`bðo pugbfra sfr `ausa gf gbvbsbðo, phiâdb`a, `hotrhvfrsba, fs`áogaih h `hojib`th.
a. Zaihrfs Ihs sfiihs pfrshoaibzaghs tfográo fi vaihr gf jraoqufh quf sf bogbquf fo `aga uoh gf fiihs. Fo fi `ash gf quf âstf oh jblurf fxprfsagh tfográ ias sblubfotfs fqubvaifo`bas5
fgbthrbai } `fp
020
Wfda <
- Ia iftra ’A—, ’A—, fo `ara`tfrfs iatbohs, a ia tarbja vblfotf gf ias `artas ohrdaibzagas gf nasta ;= ;= lradhs para fi ádkbth oa`bhoai. - Ia iftra ’A;—, ’A;—, fo `ara`tfrfs iatbohs, a ia tarbja vblfotf gf ias `artas oh ohrdaibzagas gf nasta ;= lradhs, h kbfo para `artas `uyh pfsh fstâ `hdprfogbgh fotrf ;= y 6= lradhs, fo adkhs `ashs para fi ádkbth oa`bhoai. - Ia iftra ’K—, ’K—, fo `ara`tfrfs iatbohs, a ia tarbja vblfotf gf ias `artas ohrdaibzagas gf nasta ;= lradhs para fi ádkbth botfroa`bhoai furhpfh. - Ia iftra ’@—, fo `ara`tfrfs iatbohs, a ia tarbja vblfotf.
k. @ara`tfrästb`as Wâ`ob`as -
-
]rh`fgbdbfoth gf bdprfsbðo5 Hjjsft, fo azui azui (paothof 671 @). ]apfi5 Authagnfsbvh jhsjhrfs`fotf. Gfotagh5 10 ¿ trhqufiagh. Jhrdath gf ihs sfiihs5 7=,2 x ;>,> ;>,> dd (nhrbzhotai y vfrtb`ai). Fspa`bh ibkrf para para ia bdalfo pfrshoaibzaga5 ias paiakras ’Fspaña—, ’@hrrfhs— y ’WVPFIIH—, y fi fspa`bh rfsfrvagh para ia bdprfsbðo gfi vaihr gfi jraoqufh `hrrfsphogbfotf h`uparáo uoa supfrjb`bf oh supfrbhr a 1= x ;>,> dd, qufgaogh ibkrf fi rfsth gf ia supfrjb`bf. Jhrdath gfi pibflh5 ;2< x ;1= dd (VOF A-7). Fjf`ths fo pibflh5 ;6. Zaihr phstai5 Warbja Warbjass ’A—, ’A—, ’A;—, ’K— h ’@— para ihs ghs sfiihs (nhrbzhotai (nhrbzho tai y vfrtb`ai) h ia `bjra `hrrfsphogbfotf ai vaihr gfi jraoqufh. Wbraga5 Bibdbtaga para ihs ghs sfiihs (nhrbzhotai y vfrtb`ai).³
Pb ia bdalfo fs a`fptaga, sf gará hrgfo gf bdprfsbðo rf`bkbfogh fi `ibfotf `hduob`a`bðo phr f-dabi gf ia a`fpta`bðo gfi pfgbgh, sb phr fi `hotrarbh ia bdalfo fs rf`nazaga phr ia oh 027
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
agf`ua`bðo ai ]rhth`hih sf `hduob`ará ai `ibfotf dfgbaotf fdabi y sf prh`fgfrá a ia bodfgbata gfvhiu`bðo gfi bdphrtf `hkragh. Ihs `ibfotfs phgráo `hosuitar ihs gaths rfiatbvhs a sus pfgbghs ya rfaibzaghs y a sus ja`turas a travâs gf ia piatajhrda gf @hrrfhs hoibof. Gf `aga uoh gf ihs dhgfihs gf sfiihs pfrshoaibzaghs qufgará rfsfrvagh uo pibflh a gbsphsb`bðo gf ia Ph`bfgag Fstatai @hrrfhs y Wfiâlrajhs, a fjf`ths gf `udpibdbfoth gf ia hkibla`bðo gf rflbstrh gf thgas ias fdbsbhofs iflaifs gf sblohs gf jraoqufh.
O. Jraoqufh dfgbaotf ftbquftas ftbquftas B[BP (Agdbsbðo sbo sfiihs) Fi sbstfda gf agdbsbðo B[BP pfrdbtf lfofrar ftbquftas agnfsbvas gf jraoqufh para ihs fovähs phstaifs gf iäofa kásb`a, f`hoðdb`a, urlfotf y gf paquftfräa. Fxbstfo ghs tbphs gf ftbquftas5
- Ftbquftas pfqufñas, shih `hotbfofo fi jraoqufh y sho váibgas para fovähs gf dfohs gf ;6= lradhs, sbfdprf quf oh sfao ob rffdkhish ob paquftfräa. Fo ia ftbqufta fo`hotradhs5 tbph gf foväh, vaihr gf jraoqufh, ohdkrf hjb`boa OB] trakaeaghr, gäa y nhra gf agdbsbðo y `ðgblh gf karras). Fi prhgu`th sf gfsta`a dfgbaotf uoa iftra gf dayhr tadañh y vbsbkbibgag5 ¼ @-@arta oa`bhoai ¼ V-@arta urlfot oa`bhoai ¼ @V-@arta `frtbjb`aga urlfotf oa`bhoai ¼ ZG-@arta `frtbjb`aga `ho vaihr gf`iaragh oa`bhoai ¼ [-@arta `frtbjb`aga botfroa`bhoai. fgbthrbai } `fp
026
Wfda <
Ftbqufta gf paquftfräa. @hotbfof ihs dbsdhs gaths quf ia pfqufña, dás ihs gaths gf rfdbtfotf y gfstboatarbh fi pfsh fo lradhs y phsbkifs vaihrfs añagbghs. Fi ush gf fsta ftbqufta fs hkiblagh para fovähs `ho rffdkhish, paquftfräa h quf tfola dás gf ;6= (sf `iasbjb`ao fo dáquboa gf paquftfräa).
1.; Brrfluiarbgagfs fo datfrba gf jraoqufh jraoqufh Ihs fovähs phstaifs gfstboaghs a `br`uiar phr fi tfrrbthrbh oa`bhoai quf bolrfsfo fo ia rfg põkib`a phstai sbo jraoqufh h `ho jraoqufh bosujb`bfotf gfkfráo akhoar fo `ho`fpth gf bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh, `hdh däobdh, fi ghkif gf gb`na bosujb`bfo`ba, quf sfrá satbsjf`na phr fi rfdbtfotf h phr fi gfstboatarbh, sflõo prh`fga. A ihs fovähs phstaifs oh jraoqufaghs h `ho jraoqufh bosujb`bfotf quf vayao gfstboaghs h quf prh`fgao gfi fxtraoefrh ifs sfrá gf apib`a`bðo ia ohrdatbva botfroa`bhoai. @uaogh sf fstbdf quf ia bosujb`bfo`ba gfi jraoqufh fs akusbva h botfo`bhoaga phr ia piuraibgag y jrf`ufo`ba gf fovähs dai jraoqufaghs rfaibzaghs phr uo dbsdh rfdbtfotf oh sf `ursaráo a gfstboh. Ias prfvbsbhofs aotfrbhrfs sfráo gf apib`a`bðo a ihs fovähs `uyh palh sf naya rfaibzagh, taoth a travâs gf ihs sbstfdas gf jraoqufh `hdh dfgbaotf ihs dfgbhs gf palh aitfroatbvhs gf bdprfsbhofs gf dáquboas gf jraoqufar gf fstadpbiias gf jraoqufh y gf prfpalh, `uyh vaihr rfsuitf bosujb`bfotf.
A. Hpfratbva fovähs `ho bosujb`bfo`ba bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh a. Fovähs bosujb`bfotfdfotf jraoqufaghs Fo fi `ash gf aparf`fr fovähs bosujb`bfotfdfotf jraoqufaghs sf a`tuará `ho fi sblubfotf prh`fgbdbfoth5 • Fovähs `ho rfdbtfotf
Fo fstf `ash fi rfsphosakif gf ia rf`hlbga gf kuzhofs h ia pfrshoa gfsbloaga ai fjf`th, prh`fgfrá a datasfiiar ihs sblohs gf jraoqufh y a bgfotbjb`ar fi foväh `hdh bosujb`bfotfdfotf jraoqufagh agnbrbfogh ia ftbqufta `hrrfsphogbfotf (W4) fo ia zhoa `fotrai gf ia partf supfrbhr gfi aovfrsh, dfgbaotf ia quf sf bgfotbjb`ará fi foväh `hdh bosujb`bfotfdfotf jraoqufagh y fo ia quf sf bogb`ará fi bdphrtf a akhoar `hrrfsphogbfotf a ia tarbja phr bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh. Fi tratadbfoth phstfrbhr fstará fo juo`bðo gfi pfsh gfi foväh sflõo ias sblubfotfs tbphihläas5 - Fovähs gf nasta 1== lradhs gf pfsh. Pf prh`fgf prh`fgf a5 ¼ Agnfrbr fo su rfvfrsh uoa ftbqufta bojhrdatbva para fi rfdbtfotf `ho fi sblubfotf tfxth5 Fstf foväh na sbgh gfvufith phr fstar jraoqufagh gf jhrda bosujb`bfotf. ]ara quf pufga sfr `ursagh gfkfrá prfsfotarih fo `uaiqubfr hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs y akhoar fi bdphrtf gf ia tarbja phr bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh quf sf bogb`a fo fi aovfrsh. Pb gfsfa gfphsbtarih fo uo kuzðo nakrá gf jraoqufarih prfvbadfotf phr fstf bdphrtf.— 02:
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
¼ Gfvhivfr fi foväh ai rfdbtfotf gf jhrda bodfgbata phr `hrrfh hrgboarbh. - Fovähs gf gf dás gf 1== lradhs. Pf prh`fgf a5 a5 ¼ @hojf``bhoar uo avbsh gf bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh gbrblbgh ai rfdbtfotf fo fi quf sf if `hduob`a ia fxbstfo`ba gf uoh/varbhs fovähs `ho bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh, asä `hdh ia jhrda gf suksaoar tai gfjb`bfo`ba dfgbaotf fi palh gf ia tarbja `hrrfsphogbfotf fo ia hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs y Wfiâlrajhs, agvbrtbâoghif gf quf sb traos`urrbghs gbfz gäas nákbifs gfsgf ia jf`na gfi avbsh oh na suksaoagh ia gfjb`bfo`ba, fi foväh if sfrá gfvufith. ¼ Fo ihs duob`bpbhs `ho ghs h dás hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs, trasiagar gf jhrda bodfgbata ihs fovähs bosujb`bfotfdfotf jraoqufaghs quf gfkao sfr avbsaghs a ia hjb`boa dás prðxbda ai ghdb`bibh gfi rfdbtfotf, quf sfrá ia fo`arlaga gf `hojf``bhoar fi avbsh gf bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh gbrblbgh ai rfdbtfotf. ¼ Fotrflar fi avbsh phr `hrrfh hrgboarbh, fi prbdfr gäa nákbi sblubfotf a ia jf`na gf gfpðsbth. Pb pfrshoagh fi rfdbtfotf fo ia hjb`boa akhoara ia tarbja phr bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh, sf prh`fgf a5 - Agdbtbr fi foväh sflõo fi tbph y jhrdath, bogb`aogh fi jraoqufh bob`bai fo fi sbstfda Brbs. - @hkrar ia `aotbgag bogb`aga phr fi sbstfda. - @ao`fiar fi foväh. - @ursar a gfstboh. ¼ Pb, phr fi `hotrarbh, fi rfdbtfotf gfsfa rftbrar fi foväh h fovähs, sf if agvfrtbrá gf quf oh phgrá gfphsbtarih gf oufvh, saivh quf sfa jraoqufagh phr fi bdphrtf quf `hrrfsphoga a ia tarbja phr bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh. - ]iuraibgag gf fovähs gfphsbtaghs phr uo dbsdh rfdbtfotf quf quf sudfo uo thtai gf ;6 h dás, `ho bogfpfogfo`ba gf su pfsh Fo fstf supufsth, sf prh`fgfrá sflõo ih fstakif`bgh fo fi puoth aotfrbhr para fovähs gf dás gf 1== lradhs. W-1. Ftbqufta quf bogb`a ia tasa phr ia bosu`bfobosu`bfo`ba quf sf na gf akhoar. Dás..
W-0
fgbthrbai } `fp
FWBQVFWAP VWBIBUAGAP ]A[A FOZÄHP @HO BOPVJB@BFO@BA GF J[OAQVFH W-;-G Ftbqufta bojhrdatbva quf sf agnbfrf `uaogh ia `arta sf fotrfla ai gfstbaotarbh.
W-;-[
Ftbqufta bojhrdatbva quf sf agnbfrf `uaogh ia `arta sf gfvufivf ai rfdbtfotf para quf akhof ia tasa phr bosu`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh. Avbsh bojhrdatbvh quf sf gfea ai usuarbh fo fi kuzðo para bogb`arif quf sf tbfof quf pasar phr ia H`boa para akhoar ia bosu`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh gf fovähs quf pfsao dás gf 1== lr. h `uaogh sho ;6 h dás fovähs.
02<
Wfda < • Fovähs sbo rfdbtfotf rfdbtfotf `hosbloagh h fstf fstf jufra gfs`hoh`bgh
Atfo`bðo Ihs fovähs rflbstraghs, ai sfr agdbtbghs y jraoqufaghs fo vfotaobiia oh `br`uiaráo ouo`a tasaghs, sbfogh rfsphosakif gfi jraoqufh fi fdpifagh quf rfaibza ia agdbsbðo. 02>
Fi rfsphosakif gf ia rf`hlbga gf kuzhofs h ia pfrshoa gfsbloaga ai fjf`th prh`fgfrá a datasfiiar ihs sblohs gf jraoqufh y a bgfotbjb`ar fi foväh `hdh bosujb`bfotfdfotf jraoqufagh agnbrbfogh ia ftbqufta `hrrfsphogbfotf (W4) fo ia zhoa `fotrai gf ia partf supfrbhr gfi aovfrsh, dfgbaotf ia quf sf bgfotbjb`ará fi foväh `hdh bosujb`bfotfdfotf jraoqufagh y fo ia quf sf bogb`ará fi bdphrtf a akhoar `hrrfsphogbfotf a ia tarbja phr bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh. Agnfrbr uoa ftbqufta bojhrdatbva fo fi aovfrsh gfi foväh `ho fi sblubfotf tfxth5 ’Fstf foväh na sbgh jraoqufagh gf jhrda bosujb`bfotf. Gf a`ufrgh `ho ih fstakif`bgh fo fi artä`uih <: gfi [fliadfoth quf rfluia ia prfsta`bðo gf ihs sfrvb`bhs phstaifs, aprh kagh phr [fai Gf`rfth 1>;2/1222, gf 0 gf gb`bfdkrf gb`bfdkrf,, gfkf akhoar fi bdphrtf gf ia tarbja phr bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh quf sf bogb`a fo fi aovfrsh, para ih `uai prfsfotará ia `ukbfrta gf fstf foväh fo `uaiqubfr hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs y Wfiâlrajhs. @hduobquf ai rfdbtfotf ia hkibla`bðo gf jraoqufar `hrrf`tadfotf para fvbtar dhifstbas boof`fsarbas—. @ursar fsths fovähs a ia ih`aibgag gf gfstboh y fotrflarihs ai gfstboatarbh `hdh `hrrf hrgboarbh. Pb fi foväh va gbrblbgh ai fxtraoefrh, ia bosujb`bfo`ba sf nará `hostar agnbrbfogh ia ftbqufta `hrrfsphogbfotf (W4) fo ia quf sf bogb`ará fi bdphrtf gfi jraoqufh jaitaotf y, kaeh uoa karra gf jra``bðo, fi bdphrtf däobdh gf su tasa oh rfgu`bga `hrrfsphogbfotf ai prbdfr fs`aiðo gf pfsh gf ihs fovähs prbhrbtarbhs h gf ias `artas fxpfgbgas ai fxtraoefrh. Fsths fovähs sf `iasbjb`ao y `ursao a gfstboh `ho fi rfsth gf ia `hrrfsphogfo`ba botfroa`bhoai. @uaogh sf fstbdf quf ia bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh fs akusbva h botfo`bhoaga phr ia piuraibgag y jrf`ufo`ba gf fovähs dai jraoqufaghs rfaibzaghs phr uo dbsdh rfdbtfotf, fi rfsphosakif gf ia rf`hlbga gf kuzhofs h ia pfrshoa quf sf gfsblof ai fjf`th h phográ fo `hoh`bdbfoth gfi ðrlaoh gfi quf gfpfoga, a fjf`ths gf gftfrdboar ia jhrda gf prh`fgfr fo `aga `ash `ho`rfth. Waoth fo hrblfo `hdh fo gfstboh, fi pfrshoai quf atbfoga ias bosujb`bfo`bas gf jraoqufh nakrá gf fxtrfdar ia atfo`bðo a rfdbtfotfs y a gfstboatarbhs, ja`bibtaogh jhiifths gf
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
tarbjas y thga ia bojhrda`bðo of`fsarba, gf jhrda quf ia h`asbðo sbrva para prhdh`bhoar ia bdalfo y ihs sfrvb`bhs gf @hrrfhs.
;. DFGBHP GF ]ALH FO HJB@BOAP GF @H[[FHP ]hr ia vfota gf prhgu`ths h prfsta`bðo gf sfrvb`bhs, fsth fs ’vfotas ai `hotagh—, quf sf rfaibzao fo ias hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs, sf phgráo a`fptar, õob`a y fx`iusbvadfotf, ihs sblubfotfs dfgbhs gf palh, `ho ias rfstrb``bhofs y fx`fp`bhofs quf @hrrfhs fstakifz`a fo `aga dhdfoth, fo `uaoth a prhgu`ths y sfrvb`bhs a apib`ar, bdphrtfs h rfstrb``bhofs shkrf ihs prhpbhs dfgbhs gf palh5
;.1 Kbiiftfs y dhofga dftáib`a gf `ursh iflai @ho dhtbvh gf ia fotraga fo vblhr gf ia Ify ;=1; gf ;2 gf h`tukrf, gf ’Dhgbjb`a`bðo gf ia ohrdatbva trbkutarba y prfsupufstarba y gf agf`ua`bðo gf ia ohrdatbva jboao`bfra para ia botfosbjb`a`bðo gf ias a`tua`bhofs fo ia prfvfo`bðo y iu`na `hotra fi jraugf—, oh sf pufgf lfstbhoar fi `hkrh fo dftáib`h phr bdphrtf supfrbhr a ;.722,22 ₩. Pf fx`iuyf gf fsta ibdbta`bðo ihs rf`bkhs fdbtbghs phr fotbgagfs jboao`bfras (a`tuaidfotf @BWB-KAOC, @HJBGBP y V@B y ia Gbrf``bðo Lfofrai gf Wrájb`h). Asbdbsdh, fstáo fx`iubgas gf fsta ibdbta`bðo ias hpfra`bhofs gf Lbrh y \fstfro Vobho, a jaita gf prhouo`badbfoth a fstf rfspf`th phr partf gf ia Alfo`ba Wrbkutarba.
;.; Wraosjfrfo`ba kao`arba kao`arba f Bolrfsh fo `ufota Fi `ibfotf gfkfrá fotrflar rfsluargh gf ia traosjfrfo`ba rfaibzaga phr fi bdphrtf gf ia `hdpra h prfsta`bðo gfi sfrvb`bh. Fi rfsluargh gfkfrá fstar df`áob`adfotf vaibgagh y sfiiagh phr ia fotbgag jboao`bfra gf hrblfo `ho jf`na aotfrbhr a ia rfaibza`bðo gf ia `hdpra h prfsta`bðo gfi sfrvb`bh. Fo fstf `ash, ia hjb`boa gfkf `hojbrdar quf fi akhoh gf ia traosjfrfo`ba jblura fo `ufota kao`arba a travâs gf ia kao`a fif`trðob`a. Pb ia hjb`boa fs uoa gf ias quf oh hpfrao `ho `ufota `hrrbfotf, sf gfkf ja`bibtar ai `ibfotf fi oõdfrh gf ia `ufota gf su Botfrvfo`bðo gf Uhoa. Ia Hjb`boa `hduob`ará tai `br`uostao`ba a ia Botfrvfo`bðo y, õob`adfotf, `uaogh âsta `hojbrdf fi bolrfsh fo `ufota sf prh`fgfrá a prfstar fi sfrvb`bh ai @ibfotf.
;.0 Wareftas kao`arbas Pf na agaptagh ia juo`bhoaibgag gf Brbs para a`fptar uoa oufva dhgaibgag gf palh, `ho tarefta gf gâkbth y/h `râgbth. Ihs sfrvb`bhs para ihs quf phgfdhs a`fptar gftfrdboagas tareftas `hdh jhrda gf palh, sho thghs aqufiihs quf sf `hkrao phr ia khisa gf ia apib`a`bðo B[BP. Qufgao fx`iubghs gfi palh `ho tarefta, phr gbstboths dhtbvhs, ihs sblubfotfs sfrvb`bhs5 - [f`arlas Wfif`hr fgbthrbai } `fp
022
Wfda <
- \fstfro Vobho - Lbrh Fif`trðob`h - @hkrh gf [f`bkhs - Ih`uthrbh - Bdphrtfs `hkraghs fo PLBF PLBF (rffdkhish, bdphrtfs aguaofrhs, gfvhiu`bhofs gf paquftfräa - @uaiqubfr htrh quf oh sf `hkrf phr ia khisa gf Brbs. Fo ias hjb`boas fo F@B (`fotrhs gfi `hrtf boliâs), tadkbâo sf agdbtfo `hdh dfgbhs gf palh ia tarefta rflaih, y tarefta gf akhoh `hdh ia tarefta gf `hdpra gf Fi @hrtf Boliâs. Pbo bdphrtf däobdh. Zaibgh para thgas ias tareftas fx`fpth ias gf Gboofrs @iuk.
;.7 Warefta gf ]rfpalh @hrrfhs Ia Warefta @hrrfhs ]rfpalh Dastfr@arg fs uoa tarefta `ho ia quf fi `ibfotf pufgf rfaibzar `hdpras fo `uaiqubfr `hdfr`bh jäsb`h y hoibof ghogf sf a`fptao tareftas Dastfr@arg. Oh of`fsbta gf `ufota `hrrbfotf, phr fsh fi `ibfotf õob`adfotf pufgf gbsphofr gfi gbofrh quf naya `arlagh prfvbadfotf fo ia tarefta. Agfdás, sf hktbfof ai bostaotf fo ias Hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs, h fo ghs sfdaoas sb sf shib`bta a travâs gf ia wfk, sbo `hdprhka`bðo gfi nbsthrbai gf gfuga, `ho shih prfsfotar fi GOB. Fo `ash gf shib`btaria phr ia wfk, uoa vfz rf`bkbga, para phgfr rf`arlaria, fi `ibfotf prbdfrh gfkfrá a`ugbr a uoa hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs para fs`aofar su GOB. Wareftas quf sf `hdfr`baibzao fo ias hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs y quf oh sho ohdboatbvas (oh iifvao bdprfsh fi ohdkrf gfi tbtuiar gf ia tarefta), iifvao bdprfsa ia ifyfoga ’Oh of`fsbta bgfotbjb`a`bðo—. Ia ohrdatbva quf oh fxblf prfsfotar GOB para utbibzar ia tarefta para palar fo `hdfr`bhs, ob ai na`fr bolrfshs fo @hrrfhs, pfrh sä para rfaibzar [fbotflrhs. Fi oõdfrh ]BO gf ias tareftas agqubrbgas fo ias hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs sf hktbfof sblubfogh ias bostru``bhofs gftaiiagas fo fi rfvfrsh gfi pa`c gf `hdpra. Ai gar gf aita ia tarefta fo ia Hjb`boa fi `ibfotf rf`bkf fi ]BO a travâs gf uo PDP fo su dðvbi. Ias tareftas oh pufgfo vfogfrsf a dfohrfs gf 1> añhs.
Warefta prfpalh gf @hrrfhs
7==
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
A. Wbph gf tareftas Warefta ]rfdbud (CR@) (CR@ ) (gfsaparf`f ia Warefta PGG Gbiblfo`ba Pbdpif Pbd pif Gfkbga).
K. Iädbtfs - Iädbtf dáxbdh gf saigh <.6== ₩ - Iädbtf dáxbdh gf rf`arla gbarba `ho tarefta 6.===₩ (sbfdprf quf fi saigh dáxbdh oh supfrf ihs <.6==₩). - Ibdbtf gf rf`arla fo fjf`tbvh 222,22 ₩ (sbfdprf quf fi saigh dáxbdh oh supfrf ihs <.6==₩). - ]ufgf gbsphofr gf fjf`tbvh fo `uaiqubfr paäs5 rftbraga uobtarba gf nasta 0==₩, ; rftbragas dáxbdas gbarbas (B[BP oh pfrdbtf `hkrar uoa khisa oflatbva gf dás gf 6== furhs). - Voa vfz botrhgu`bga ia bojhrda`bðo, fi sbstfda `hdprufka ihs gaths gfi `hdpraghr fo ihs ibstaghs pfoaifs y gf sao`bhofs, y a`fptará h gf`iboará ia `ufota gf ia tarefta fo tbfdph rfai.
@. Aita Voa vfz botrhgu`bga ia bojhrda`bðo, fi sbstfda `hdprufka ihs gaths gfi `hdpraghr fo ihs ibstaghs pfoaifs y gf sao`bhofs, y a`fptará h gf`iboará ia `ufota gf ia tarefta fo tbfdph rfai. Fi oõdfrh gf ia tarefta, gfi quf sf tbfof quf bojhrdar fo B[BP fs fi rfdar`agh fo ias bdálfofs ;=====.... (1; gälbths) Oh sf gfkf `hojuogbr `ho fi oõdfrh gf ia tarefta gf 1: gälbths5 60=7 >;== ^^^^ ^^^^, váibgh para rfaibzar `hdpras fo `hdfr`bhs.
G. Gaths ]ara fi aita gf ia tarefta fi `ibfotf gfkf bojhrdar y aphrtar5 - Ohdkrf y Apfiibghs. - Wbph gf GHB (GOB, GOB GOB Furhpfh, OBF h ]asaphrtf). ]asaphrtf). - Oõdfrh gf GHB. - Oa`bhoaibgag. - Jf`na gf `agu`bgag gfi GHB. - ]aäs gf fdbsbðo gfi GHB. - Gbrf``bðo fo ia zhoa PF]A PF]A (Vobðo Furhpfa, dás5 Bsiaogba, Ibf`ntfostfbo, Daita, Ohrufla, Pao Darboh y Pubza). - Jf`na gf oa`bdbfoth (Brbs kihqufa fi aita sb fi `ibfotf fs dfohr gf fgag). - Oõdfrh gf tfiâjhoh dðvbi (fs hkiblathrbh, sf sfif``bhoa fi paäs, phr gfjf`th5 Fspaña). - F-dabi (Hp`bhoai pfrh bdphrtaotf). fgbthrbai } `fp
7=1
Wfda <
Agfdás gf aphrtar gh`udfota`bðo a`rfgbtatbva gf su bgfotbgag, sb âsta oh iifva bo`hrphraga gbrf``bðo (pasaphrtf h gh`udfoths bgfotbjb`atbvhs gf htrhs paäsfs), gfkfrá aphrtar agb`bhoaidfotf uoa prufka gf gbrf``bðo fo jhrda gf rf`bkh gfi kao`h, ja`tura gf sudbobstrhs, ft`. Õob`adfotf sf pufgf gar gf aita uoa tarefta `ho tbph gf gh`udfoth GOB a `bugagaohs `ho oa`bhoaibgag fspañhia, para fi rfsth gf oa`bhoaibgagfs tbfof quf bojhrdarsf GOB Furhpfh, OBF h ]asaphrtf. Voa vfz botrhgu`bga fsta bojhrda`bðo y puisaogh A`fptar, fi sbstfda `hdprufka ihs gaths gfi `ibfotf fo ihs ibstaghs gf ]K@ (]rfvfo`bðo Kiaoqufh gf @apbtaifs) y a`fpta h gf`iboa ia `ufota gf ia tarefta fo tbfdph rfai. Pb ia `ufota sf gf`iboa, sf bojhrda ai `ibfotf gf ia bdphsbkbibgag gf agqubrbr ia tarefta y fi prh`fsh gf aita sf tfrdboa. Pb ia `ufota sf a`fpta, fi fdpifagh bojhrda ai `ibfotf gf ia `hojhrdbgag gf sus gaths.
F. [f`arla gf gf ia tarefta y `hstfs Ihs `ibfotfs pufgfo `arlar su tarefta fo hjb`boas5 - Dfgbaotf gbofrh fo fjf`tbvh. - @ho `arlh a htra tarefta gf gâkbth/`râgbth. Ia tarefta pufgf rf`arlarsf sbo bdphrtf däobdh y nasta uo dáxbdh gf 1.===₩ fo ia prbdfra rf`arla y 6.===₩ fo su`fsbvas, sbo shkrfpasar fi iädbtf gf <.6==₩ gf saigh fo ia tarefta. Fo `ash gf supfra`bðo gf gb`nhs iädbtfs fi sbstfda dufstra fi dfosaef `hrrfsphogbfotf. Pbfdprf sf rf`arla 1 furh dfohs gf ih botrhgu`bgh fo Brbs phr ia `hdbsbðo quf sf `hkra phr ia hpfra`bðo. Warefta ]rfpalh @hrrfhs @hstf gf fdbsbðo
]alh fo `hdfr`bhs furh
[ftbraga fjf`tbvh furhzhoa
[f`arlas fo h`boas gf @hrrfhs
[f`arlas gf ia tarefta fo wfk h A]]
Wraosjfrfo`bas a htra Warefta ]rfpalh
:₩
=₩
1₩
1₩
;₩
=,1= ₩
J. Iädbtf phr traosa``bðo Fo fjf`tbvh, oh fs phsbkif rfaibzar uoa rf`arla phr bdphrtf supfrbhr a 222.22 furhs. @ho `arlh a htra tarefta, fi iädbtf gf ia rf`arla fs fi iädbtf gbarbh h aouai gf ia tarefta. Iädbtf gbarbh5 6.=== ₩. Ias rf`arlas fo fjf`tbvh tbfofo fi iädbtf iflai gf 222,22 ₩. ]ara bdphrtfs supfrbhrfs ia hpfra`bðo gfkfrá rfaibzarsf `ho `arlh a uoa tarefta gf gâkbth/`râgbth. Fi rfsth gf iädbtfs sho `hdprhkaghs phr fi sbstfda authdátb`adfotf, pfrdbtbfogh h oh ia hpfra`bðo.
7=;
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
A travâs gf ia Kaiaoza (Fpfisa) sf lfofra uo tb`cft para fotrflar ai `ibfotf `hdh `hdprhkaotf gf ia hpfra`bðo. Pf pufgf aouiar `uaiqubfr hpfra`bðo (rf`arla h rfbotflrh) fo fi dbsdh gäa gf ia hpfra`bðo, bo`iush aotfs gf `hkrar ia khisa, vfr prh`fgbdbfoth fo fi daouai pukib`agh fo @hof`ta. Pb ia hpfra`bðo oh fs gfi gäa, para saouia`bðo fs of`fsarbh fovbar uo `hrrfh fif`trðob`h a5 `hrrfhsprfpalhM`hrrfhs.`hd.
L. [ffdpiazh gf tareftas Fi prh`fgbdbfoth gf rfdpiazh oh fs apib`akif a aqufiias tareftas quf fi `ibfotf rf`bkf fo su ghdb`bibh phr rfohva`bðo authdátb`a, supfragh fi pfrbhgh gf vaibgfz. Fo fi rfdpiazh sbfdprf sf fotrfla ai `ibfotf uoa tarefta gf ias gbsphobkifs fo ia hjb`boa, y sf `hkra phr fiia, oh sf gfkf rfaibzar fsta hpfratbva sb fi `ibfotf sf prfsfota fo ia hjb`boa `ho ia tarefta gf rfohva`bðo rf`bkbga fo su ghdb`bibh. Fo fi dfoõ gf Agdbsbðo, sf sfif``bhoa Wareftas ]rfpalh ?? [ffdpiazh gf tarefta para a``fgfr a ia paotaiia gf bob`bh gf [ffdpiazh gf tarefta.
N. Lhhlif ]ay @hrrfhs sf suda a ia tfogfo`ba gf palh rápbgh y sflurh a travâs gfi dðvbi, a ia vfz quf audfotao ias vfotaeas gf ia tarefta prfpalh, `ho ia quf a partbr gf anhra sf phgrá `hdprar fo dbiihofs gf tbfogas jäsb`as, hoibof y apps aõo `ho dás ja`bibgag. Ia tarefta @hrrfhs ]rfpalh sf agnbfrf a ia piatajhrda gf palh phr dðvbi gf Lhhlif, `hovbrtbâoghia fo ia prbdfra tarefta prfpalh fo fstf tbph gf gbsphsbtbvh y aphstaogh gf fsta daofra phr ias õitbdas tfogfo`bas y gfdaogas gfi dfr`agh. @ho fstf oufvh dâthgh gf palh, fi prh`fsh para rfaibzar ias `hdpras fs duy sfo`biih5 para palar fo ia wfk, kastará `ho kus`ar fi ihlh gf Lhhlif ]ay. Fo fi `ash gfi dðvbi, nay quf gfs`arlar ia app gf Lhhlif ]ay a travâs gf ]iay Pthrf, botrhgu`br ihs gaths gf ia tarefta @hrrfhs ]rfpalh (h rfaibzar uoa jhth gf ia tarefta), y ya fstaräa thgh ibsth para phgfr fjf`tuar ias `hdpras a travâs gfi dðvbi, sbo of`fsbgag gf iifvar ia tarefta fo`bda. Agfdás, a fstf sfrvb`bh sf if añagf fi kfofjb`bh gf phgfr rfaibzar fi sflubdbfoth gf thgas ias `hdpras, lfhih`aibza`bðo gf ias dbsdas f bo`iush rf`bkbr sulfrfo`bas pfrshoaibzagas. Fo fi `ash gf palh hoibof h a travâs gf apps, oh nay quf botrhgu`br rfbtfragadfotf ia bojhrda`bðo gf palh.
B. ]rfpalh @adboh gf Paotbalh Wbfof ias dbsdas `ara`tfrästb`as gf ias tareftas prfpalh, pfrh `ho dhtbvhs rfiatbvhs ai @adboh gf Paotbalh, sbfogh uoa nfrradbfota duy õtbi para ihs pfrflrbohs quf oh qubfrfo traosphrtar gbofrh fo fjf`tbvh.
fgbthrbai } `fp
7=0
Wfda <
Bdalfo gf ia oufva tarefta ]rfpalh gfi @adboh gf Paotbalh
;.6 Warefta dás @fr`a Ia tarefta ’Dás `fr`a— fs ia tarefta gf jbgfibza`bðo gf @hrrfhs. Fs uoa tarefta quf sbrvf para bgfotbjb`ar a ihs `ibfotfs `uaogh rfaibzao uoa `hdpra. ]ufgfo sfr `ibfotfs gf tarefta taoth ihs partb`uiarfs `hdh ias fdprfsas, quf jbrdao uo `hotrath gf tarefta a`fptaogh ias `hogb`bhofs gf ush. Vo `ibfotf quf tfola `hotrath `hdfr`bai fo @hrrfhs pufgf sfr tadkbâo `ibfotf gf tarefta. Pbfdprf tbfof quf nakfr uo GHB gf uoa pfrshoa jäsb`a. Pb fi `ibfotf fs fdprfsa, fi GHB ash`bagh sfrá fi gfi rfprfsfotaotf iflai gf ia dbsda. Vo `hotrath gf tarefta pfrdbtf uoa tarefta tbtuiar (hkiblathrba) y varbas tareftas agb`bhoaifs (nasta 7 lratubtas). Ia tarefta pufgf, sb fi `ibfotf qubfrf, usarsf `hdh uoa tarefta prfpalh rf`arlakif, sbfogh shih váibga para palar fo @hrrfhs. Ia tarefta oh tbfof obolõo gath fo ia dbsda, shih fi oõdfrh gfi `ibfotf quf sf iff `ho fi `ðgblh gf karras. Whghs ihs gfdás gaths ash`baghs a fsf oõdfrh fstáo fo fi sbstfda gf @hrrfhs. [f`arla däobda gf =,=1 furhs. Ias rf`arlas sf na`fo fo ia hjb`boa a travâs gf B[BP y OH sf pufgf rf`arlar `ho tarefta gf `râgbth/gâkbth. OH fs of`fsarbh quf ia rf`arla tfola quf rfaibzaria fi tbtuiar h fi rfprfsfotaotf iflai, pufgf sfr uo authrbzagh. Ias gbstbotas tareftas agb`bhoaifs pufgfo tfofr ash`bagas gbjfrfotfs `hogb`bhofs. ]ufgfo sfr uoas gf prfpalh y htras oh, sflõo gf`bga fi `ibfotf, y tadkbâo pufgfo tfofr iädbtfs gf lasth gbarbh gbstboths. Ia tarefta sbrvf para ash`bar ias hpfra`bhofs quf rfaibza uo `ibfotf `ho su oh gf `hotrath. ]ara fiih fs bdprfs`bogbkif quf ohs asflurfdhs gf quf thghs ihs `ibfotfs gf tarefta rfaib`fo sus hpfra`bhofs bgfotbjb`áoghsf `hdh taifs. Oh fs of`fsarbh, (saivh para palhs) quf fi `ibfotf trabla jäsb`adfotf ia tarefta, õob`adfotf fs of`fsarbh fi oõdfrh.
7=7
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Whdf ohta
Warefta gf jbgfibza`bðo ’Dás `fr`a—
Fsta tarefta tbfof nakbibtagh uo atrbkuth gfohdboagh ’prfpalh—, quf para aqufiias quf ih bo`hrphrao, pfrdbtf ai `ibfotf na`fr bolrfshs fo su tarefta `ho ia quf phgfr rfaibzar `hdpras, fx`iusbvadfotf fo ias hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs, nasta `hosudbr fi saigh. Oh sf pufgf utbibzar fstf dfgbh gf palh para5 - Agdbsbðo gfi Pfrvb`bh gf Lbrh. - Agdbsbðo gf \fst \fstfro fro Vobho. - Fi sfrvb`bh gf `hkrh gf rf`bkhs. - Ias rf`arlas gf ia tarefta ’Dás `fr`a—.
Hpfratbvadfotf ia tarefta ’Dás `fr`a— pfrdbtf rf`upfrar ihs gaths gfi rfdbtfotf para oh tfofr quf botrhgu`brihs daouaidfotf fo B[BP fo ihs prhgu`ths quf of`fsbtao `apturar fstf gath. B[BP pfrdbtf `adkbar ihs gaths gf rfdbtfotf, sb fi `ibfotf of`fsbta phofr htrhs gaths, pfrh fsta dhgbjb`a`bðo vaif sðih para ia hpfra`bðo quf sf rfaibza, sb nay `adkbhs pfrdaofotfs fsths gfkfo na`frsf fo ia apib`a`bðo gf ia tarefta.
A. @aoefar vaifs Ihs oufvhs vaifs gfs`ufoth quf if sfao fdbtbghs a ihs `ibfotfs gfearáo gf sfr fovbaghs a sus ghdb`bibhs phr `arta hrgboarba. Fo su iular, sf rfdbtbráo väa dabi a `aga uoa gf ias gbrf``bhofs gf `hrrfh fif`trðob`h quf nayao bojhrdagh fo fi dhdfoth fo quf gbfrho gf aita sus `hotraths. Nakrá uo oufvh jhrdath gf vaifs gfs`ufoth, `uya prbo`bpai ohvfgag fs quf sf ifs rfdbtbrá uo õob`h vaif. Pu bdphrtf däobdh sflubrá sbfogh 6 ₩, pfrh su bdphrtf dáxbdh fqubvaigrá ai 0 % gf ihs `hosudhs rfaibzaghs phr fi `ibfotf fo fi dfs aotfrbhr. Pb fi 0 % gf ihs `hosudhs dfosuaifs gf uo `ibfotf jufsf bojfrbhr a 6 ₩, oh rf`bkbrá obolõo vaif. Fstf bdphrtf sf a`uduiar á `ho ihs `hosudhs gf dfsfs phstfrbhrfs nasta ai`aozar ihs 6 ₩. Fi oufvh jhrdath gf vaif gfs`ufoth bo`iubrá uo foia`f gbrf`th a ia pálboa wfk gf @hrrfhs para quf ihs `ibfotfs fgbthrbai } `fp
7=6
Wfda <
a``fgao a ia Hjb`boa Zbrtuai, y pufgao fo fiia `hosuitar fi saigh gf sus tareftas, sus ja`turas fdbtbgas, y ihs dhvbdbfoths gf sus tareftas. ]ara ihs `ibfotfs quf bojhrdfo oh nakfr rf`bkbgh fi dabi `ho su rfspf`tbvh vaif gfs`ufoth, h kbfo, oh gbspholao gf âi fo fi dhdfoth gf br a rfaibzar uoa agdbsbðo fo hjb`boa, fi fdpifagh gf vfotaobiia phgrá hktfofr ia oudfra`bðo gfi vaif gfs`ufoth gfsgf PLW@ (Pbstfda gf Lfstbðo Warefta Das @fr`a). ]ara apib`arih phstfrbhrdfotf fo B[BP y quf fi `ibfotf ih pufga gfgu`br gf sus `hdpras. Pbfdprf quf sf naya bgfotbjb`agh ai `ibfotf `hdh `ibfotf gf tarefta dás `fr`a, sf na gf botrhgu`br fi `ðgblh gf gfs`ufoth fo ia `asbiia "@hgblh prhdh`bðo vaif gth.", quf sf fo`ufotra fo ia zhoa bojfrbhr gf ia paotaiia. Ai `hkrar ia khisa na`fdhs `ib`c fo ’prhdh`bhofs— sfif``bhoaogh ia prhdh`bðo gf ia vfotaoa fdfrlfotf.
K. ]rhlrada ]hstibkrbs
[f`ufrgf Ias fdprfsas sus`rbtas ai prhlrada ]hstibkrbs gfkfráo prfsfotar sbfdprf ia Warefta Dás @fr`a gf ia quf sho tbtuiarfs, fo fi dhdfoth gf ia agdbsbðo gf fsths fovähs. Ihs `ibfotfs ags`rbths ai ]rhlrada ]hstibkrbs quf utbib`fo ]aq Fstáogar ’Fotrfla fo Hjb`boa Fiflbga— para fi foväh gf ibkrhs, phgráo `hotratar ihs vaihrfs añagbghs prhpbhs gfi prhgu`th. Fo fsf `ash, fi gfs`ufoth sðih sf apib`ará a ia tarbja gfi ]aq Fstáogar, pfrh ouo`a fo ihs vaihrfs añagbghs quf sf `hotratfo `ho fi dbsdh.
7=:
Ihs `ibfotfs gf `ho ia tarefta ’Dás `fr`a— pufgfo a``fgfr ai prhlrada ]hstibkrbs. @hrrfhs na a`hrgagh daotfofr fo ;=1> ias `hogb`bhofs y gfs`ufoths fspf`baifs gfi ]rhlrada ]hstibkrbs para ias fdprfsas fgbthras, gbstrbkubghras y fstakif`bdbfoth gf vfota phr `hrrfh, para fi foväh gf ibkrhs phr `hrrfh. Fi fstar ags`rbth ai prhlrada ]hstibkrbs ga gfrf`nh a ih sblubfotfs gfs`ufoths5 - Apib`a`bðo gfi ;6% gf khobjb`a`bðo fo ia tarbja gf ’Ibkrhs— gf ádkbth oa`bhoai. - Gfs`ufoth gfi 0=% fo ia tarbja gf ’]aq ’]aq Fstáogar—, dhgaibgag ’Fotrfla fo Hjb`boa Fiflbga. Fstf gfs`ufoth fs bo`hdpatbkif `ho `uaiqubfr htrh gfs`ufoth gf @hrrfhs. ]hgráo a`hlfrsf ai prhlrada ]hstibkrbs, ias fdprfsas fgbthras h gbstrbkubghras gf ibkrhs y/h fstakif`bdbfoths gf vfota a gbstao`ba gf ibkrhs quf a`rfgbtfo quf tbfofo `hdh a`tbvbgag prbdfra h sf`uogarba, `uaiqubfra gf ihs fpälrajfs sblubfotfs5 - 7<:.1 Fgb`bðo gf ibkrhs. - 7<:.2 Htras fgb`bhofs O@H].
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
- 7<2.1 @hdfr`bh ai phr dfohr phr phr `hrrfsphogfo`ba h Botfroft. - :12.: @hdfr`bh ai phr dayhr gf ibkrhs, pfrbðgb`hs y rfvbstas. - :62.7 @hdfr`bh ai phr dfohr gf ibkrhs, pfrbðgb`hs y rfvbstas. - ::6 @hdfr`bh ai phr dfohr phr `hrrfh h phr `atáihlh. Ia agdbsbðo gf ihs fovähs `ho gfs`ufoth ]hstibkrbs, sf rfaibzará sðih fo Hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs, oh pfrdbtbâoghsf ias agdbsbhofs fo @fotrh gf Agdbsbðo Dasbva h `ho rf`hlbga a ghdb`bibh. Fi palh gf fsths fovähs sf phgrá rfaibzar fo dftáib`h, `ho tarefta gf `râgbth h `ho ia prhpba Warefta Dás @fr`a. Fo fi `ash gfi prhgu`th ’Ibkrhs—, agfdás phgráo utbibzarsf, sfiihs, fstadpbiias h fstadpa`bðo `ho dáquboas gf jraoqufar. Fi bdphrtf gfi jraoqufh sfrá fi quf rfsuitf gf apib`ar fi gfs`ufoth ]hstibkrbs a ia tarbja vblfotf gf ’Ibkrh oa`bhoai— h ’]aq Fstáogar Fotrfla fo Hjb`boa fiflbga—, quf `hrrfsphoga ai tradh gf pfsh quf tfola fi foväh.
;.: Warefta rflaih @hrrfhs audfota su hjfrta gf prhgu`ths y sfrvb`bhs `ho Warefta ]rfpalh @hrrfhs [flaih Dastfr`arg. Fs uo prhgu`th quf sbluf ia fstfia gf ia Warefta @hrrfhs ]rfpalh ai oh fstar vbo`uiagh a uoa `ufota `hrrbfotf phr ih quf pufgf sfr rflaiaga y usaga phr uoa pfrshoa gbstbota ai `hdpraghr, quf õob`adfotf phgrá gbsphofr gfi gbofrh `arlagh prfvbadfotf fo ia tarefta nasta ;6= furhs. Pf trata gf uoa tarefta duy vfrsátbi phrquf, a gbjfrfo`ba gf htras tareftas rflaih quf õob`adfotf pufgfo sfr utbibzagas fo uo `hdfr`bh fo `ho`rfth (`ihsfg ihhp), âsta gf ia fdprfsa phstai fs váibga fo `uaiqubfr `hdfr`bh jäsb`h y hoibof ghogf sf a`fptfo tareftas Dastfr`arg. Pf pufgf agqubrbr fo fi a`th prfvba rf`arla, `ho uo däobdh gf ;= furhs. Pf utbibza tras ia a`tbva`bðo väa PDP, guraotf uo piazh gf ;7 dfsfs gfsgf su jf`na gf fdbsbðo. Agfdás, sf pufgf `hosuitar fi saigh a travâs gf ia wfk www.`hrrfhsprfpalh.fs y väa PDP ai :=0 :66 ;6=. Oh fs vaibga para sa`ar gbofrh fo `aefrhs authdátb`hs ob fo Hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs. Fo fi juturh fstá prfvbsta ia pfrshoaibza`bðo gf su pa`calbol agf`uáoghif a ias gbjfrfotfs jfstbvbgagfs y `fifkra`bhofs. Oh sf of`fsbta bgfotbjb`a`bðo. Pho aoðobdas. Oh sf rflbstra obolõo gath gfi `ibfotf fo fi dhdfoth gf ia Zfota / Fotrfla. ]frh oh sf pufgfo vfogfr a dfohrfs gf 1> añhs. (Aotf ia guga, prfluotar ai `ibfotf ia fgag). Fi `ibfotf `hlf uoa ia tarefta jb`tb`ba ai fxphsbthr. Fi AW@ `hlf uoa Warefta [flaih @hrrfhs y uo ]a`c gf Warefta. Fi oõdfrh gf ia Warefta [flaih y fi bdphrtf gfi gbofrh sf botrhgu`fo fo B[BP. ]ara jboaibzar sf botrhgu`f ia Warefta rflaih gfotrh gfi ]a`c, y sf ih fotrfla ai `ibfotf euoth ai tb`cft gf `hdpra. Pf gfvufivf ia tarefta jb`tb`ba ai fxphsbthr. fgbthrbai } `fp
7=<
Wfda <
A. Warefta [flaih Aib Fxprfss @hrrfhs, fo `hiakhra`bðo `ho ]rfpabg Jboao`bai Pfrvb`fs (]JP), na iaozagh ia Warefta [flaih AibFxprfss fo su rfg gf hjb`boas, fstá tarefta oh gbjbfrf gf ia Warefta [flaih, saivh fo su aparbfo`ba.
;.< Warefta Wravfi @iuk Wravfi @iuk fs fi ]rhlrada gf jbgfibza`bðo iägfr fo Fspaña quf pfrdbtf a sus sh`bhs `hosflubr vbaefs y rflaihs `aoefaogh ihs puoths a`uduiaghs fo su Warefta Wravfi @iuk. Ihs puoths sf `hosblufo `hdpraogh fo `uaiqubfra gf ihs dás gf 1;.=== fstakif`bdbfoths y ;== tbfogas hoibof. Gfotrh gf fiias, sf bo`iuyfo thgas ias hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs. Ihs `ibfotfs tadkbâo pufgfo hktfofr puoths a travâs gf ia Hjb`boa ]hstai Zbrtuai. Agfdás, a ih iarlh gf ;=1< sf phgráo `hosflubr puoths a travâs gf nttps5//tu`hrrfhs.fs/. Wras ias hpfra`bhofs gf B[BP, sf puisa ’`hkrar khisa—, sf sfif``bhoa ia jhrda gf palh, a `hotboua`bðo, sf botrhgu`fo ihs gaths gf ia tarefta gf Wravfi `iuk kbfo daouaidfotf h kbfo dfgbaotf ia pbsthia if`thra. Fsta tarefta gf jbgfibza`bðo pfrdbtf a`uduiar puoths `ho ia `hdpra gf prhgu`ths gf @hrrfhs. Fstf prhlrada rfoufva su hjfrta pfrbðgb`adfotf, phr ih quf para `hoh`fr ihs prhgu`ths prhdh`bhoaghs sf gfkfrá `hosuitar fo ia \fk gf @hrrfhs ? Pfrvb`bhs Agb`bhoaifs ? ]rhlrada Wravfi @iuk. Ihs sh`bhs pufgfo `hosuitar ihs vbaefs y rflaihs gbsphobkifs fo5 - \fk Wravfi @iuk. - App Wravfi @iuk. - @atáihlh gf vbaefs y dás (gbsphobkif fo ias hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs y puoths gf vfota gf ias fdprfsas ash`bagas). Ihs prfdbhs gbsphobkifs bo`iuyfo5 ¼ Zbaefs y h`bh5 kbiiftfs avbðo, `ru`frhs, fstao`bas fo nhtfifs, fspf`tá`uihs, ft`. 7=>
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
¼ [flaihs (foväh lratubth a ghdb`bibh)5 nhlar, krb`hiaef, authdðvbi, bojhrdátb`a, ft`.
A. Kfofjb`bhs para ias `hdpras fo @hrrfhs @hrrfhs - ]ara paquftfräa5 paquftfräa5 ; puoths phr `aga `aga ₩ lastagh. @ho uo iädbtf gf gf lasth gf ;.=== ₩. - [fsth gf prhgu`ths5 1 puoth phr `aga 6 ₩ gf lasth `ho ibdbta`bðo gf ;.=== ₩ lastaghs. - Fx`fp`bhofs5 Lbrhs, prhgu`ths jbiatâib`hs y prhgu`ths `hdfr`baibzaghs fo hjb`boas phr htras fdprfsas (Wfif`hr, \fstfro Vobho) asä `hdh prhgu`ths h sfrvb`bhs gf `hovfobfo`ba gf vfota fo hjb`boas, sbfdprf quf gb`nhs prhgu`ths h sfrvb`bhs oh fstâo bo`iubghs fo ia `atflhräa pfrdbtbga gfi patrh`boaghr. Pf pufgfo hktfofr puoths a travâs gf ia Hjb`boa Hoibof gf @hrrfhs nttps5//fphstai.`hrrfhs.fs.
;.> Fdbsbðo gf ja`turas para palhs ai `hotagh Auoquf sf pufgfo na`fr ja`turas ’rf`apbtuiatbvas— (fi prh`fgbdbfoth sf fxpib`a dás agfiaotf), gfkfdhs prfluotar ai `ibfotf sb va a qufrfr ia fdbsbðo gf ja`tura fo fi dhdfoth, phr ih quf sf if prfluotará aotfs gf tfrdboagas sus hpfra`bhofs, sb of`fsbtao ja`tura h oh, `ho fi jbo gf fdbtbrias fo fi dhdfoth, fvbtaogh asä shib`btugfs y rf`iada`bhofs phstfrbhrfs. Fo `udpibdbfoth gfi [fai Gf`rfth 1:12/;=1; fstadhs hkiblaghs a fdbtbr ja`tura sbdpibjb`aga a partbr gf 7==₩, phr vfotas h sfrvb`bhs quf oh sfao gf tfr`frhs, asä pufs, sbfdprf quf sf vaya a `hkrar uoa khisa supfrbhr a fstf bdphrtf y oh sf naya sfif``bhoagh ia hp`bðo ’`ho ja`tura—, fi sbstfda iaozará uo dfosaef para bdpfgbr `hkrar ia khisa sbo fdbtbr ia ja`tura, hkiblaogh a botrhgu`br ihs gaths gfi `ibfotf y fdbtbfogh ia ja`tura `hrrfsphogbfotf. Ia fdbsbðo gf ja`turas sf gfkfrá atfofr a ias sblubfotfs ohrdas5 Fstá prhnbkbgh fdbtbr `uaiqubfr tbph gf ja`tura (taihoarbhs, piaotbiias gf Fx`fi, ft`.) quf oh naya sbgh lfofraga a travâs gfi sbstfda B[BP. Ias hjb`boas auxbibarfs y sfrvb`bhs ruraifs quf tfolao of`fsbgag gf hktfofr uoa ja`tura para uo `ibfotf, gfkfráo rfaibzar fi prh`fsh gf agdbsbðo, gf ihs prhgu`ths h sfrvb`bhs hkefth gf gb`na ja`tura, a travâs gf su hjb`boa tâ`ob`a `hrrfsphogbfotf, shib`btaogh gfi `ibfotf ihs sblubfotfs gaths, of`fsarbhs para ia fdbsbðo gf ia ja`tura5 - Ohdkrf h gfohdboa`bðo sh`bai. - Ghdb`bibh jbs`ai. - OBJ.
A. Ja`turas rf`apbtuiatbvas Ia hjb`boa, a pftb`bðo gf uo `ibfotf, pufgf fdbtbr ja`turas rf`apbtuiatbvas gf hpfra`bhofs rfaibzagas fo ia prhpba hjb`boa h fo htra/s. Fstas ja`turas sðih sf pufgfo shib`btar a phstfrbhrb, ouo`a fo fi dhdfoth gf ia `hdpra.
fgbthrbai } `fp
7=2
Wfda <
Ias hpfra`bhofs rfjifeagas fo ia ja`tura rf`apbtuiatbva aparf`fo gfslihsagas phr gäa y tb`cft, gf daofra quf ia ja`tura tfográ taoths kihqufs `hdh tb`cfts sf nayao botrhgu`bgh fo gb`na ja`tura. Wadkbâo aparf`f ia hjb`boa gf agdbsbðo gf `aga tb`cft y uo rfsudfo gf ia ja`tura, gfslihsagh phr tbph bdphsbtbvh. A su vfz tadkbâo tbfof uo gfslihsf fo ja`tura phstai y oh phstai. Ia ja`tura rf`apbtuiatbva sf fdbtf a partbr gf uoh h varbhs tb`cfts gf `hdpra, fdbtbghs fo gäas f bo`iush dfsfs atrás, `ho uoa aotblùfgag dáxbda gf uo añh. ]ara quf fsths tb`cfts pufgao fstar bo`iubghs fo ia ja`tura rf`apbtuiatbva, oh pufgfo nakfr sbgh bo`iubghs fo ja`tura aotfrbhr ailuoa. Fi pfrbhgh dáxbdh para fdbtbr uoa ja`tura rf`apbtuiatbva fs gf `uatrh añhs. Fo uoa dbsda ja`tura rf`apbtuiatbva pufgfo bo`iubrsf varbhs tb`cfts gbjfrfotfs, sbfdprf quf fsths sf nayao fdbtbgh fi dbsdh dfs y añh. ]hr taoth, sf tfográ quf fdbtbr uoa ja`tura rf`apbtuiatbva para `aga tb`cft/s fdbtbghs guraotf uo dbsdh dfs y añh. Agfdás, ihs tb`cfts gfkfo pfrtfof`fr a uoa dbsda zhoa bdphsbtbva, fsth fs, oh sf pufgfo fdbtbr ja`turas `ho tb`cfts quf, sbfogh gfi dbsdh dfs y añh, sf nayao hktfobgh, phr fefdpih, fo hjb`boas gf ia pfoäosuia y gf @aoarbas h @futa y @aoarbas, ft`. ]ara iiflar ai dðguih gf `rfa`bðo gf ja`turas rf`apbtuiatbvas, nay quf sflubr ia sblubfotf ruta fo B[BP5 Dfoõ?Lfstbðo?Ja`turas [f`apbtuiatbvas?Oufva Ja`tura.
K. Pfrvb`bhs ruraifs Qufga aouiaga ia phsbkbibgag gf shib`btar ja`tura gf tb`cfts lfofraghs fo fstadpbiiaghras gf sfrvb`bhs ruraifs5 Pflõo fstakif`f fi artä`uih 1 gfi [fliadfoth quf rfluia ias hkibla`bhofs gf ja`tura`bðo (aprhkagh phr fi [fai Gf`rfth 1:12/;=1;, gf 0= gf ohvbfdkrf), ihs fdprfsarbhs h prhjfsbhoaifs fstáo hkiblaghs a fxpfgbr y fotrflar, fo su `ash, ja`tura u htrhs eustbjb`aotfs phr ias hpfra`bhofs quf rfaib`fo fo fi gfsarrhiih gf su a`tbvbgag fdprfsarbai h prhjfsbhoai, asä `hdh a `hosfrvar `hpba h datrbz gf aqufiihs. @hrrfhs, fo su `hogb`bðo gf pfrshoa eurägb`a quf gfsarrhiia uoa a`tbvbgag fdprfsarbai, fstá suefth a fsa hkibla`bðo, phr ih quf gfkf aeustarsf a ia ohrdatbva vblfotf y gh`udfotar sus hpfra`bhofs `ho ias `hrrfsphogbfotfs ja`turas. Ia hkibla`bðo gf fxpfgbr ja`tura `hdpifta, fo ia quf `hostfo, fotrf htrhs gaths, ia bgfotbjb`a`bðo gfi gfstboatarbh (OBJ, Apfiibghs y Ohdkrf h [azðo Ph`bai y Ghdb`bibh), sf pufgf sustbtubr phr ia fxpfgb`bðo gf uoa ja`tura sbdpibjb`aga (quf nasta na`f ph`hs añhs sf gfohdboaka ’tbquf—) `uaogh su bdphrtf oh fx`fga gf 7==₩, bdpufsths bo`iubghs, sflõo fi artä`uih 7 gfi [fliadfoth `btagh. Oh hkstaotf ih aotfrbhr, fo fi `ash gf quf fi gfstboatarbh fxbea uoa ja`tura `hdpifta `ho sus gaths bgfotbjb`atbvhs, phrquf asä ih of`fsbtf para fi fefr`b`bh gf `uaiqubfr gfrf`nh gf oaturaifza trbkutarba, @hrrfhs fstará hkiblagh a fdbtärsfia (art.;.;.a) gfi [fliadfoth). ]hr fiih fs bdprfs`bogbkif `hoh`fr fi dbsdh gäa gf ia vfota sb fi `ibfotf va a prf`bsar uoa ja`tura `hdpifta, para quf âsta pufga sfr lfofraga fo ia Hjb`boa Wâ`ob`a `hrrfsphogbfotf fsf dbsdh 71=
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
gäa (kbfo phr fi dbsdh `artfrh h kbfo phr pfrshoai gf ia Hjb`boa fo fi `ash gf quf sfa fi `ibfotf qubfo a`uga a fsta), pufsth quf oh sfrá phsbkif lfofrar fsa ja`tura `hdpifta a phstfrbhrb.
0. AGDBPBÐO GF IAP GBPWBOWAP DHGAIBGAGFP R @AWFLH[ÄAP GF IA @H[[FP]HOGFO@BA H[GBOA[BA, @F[WBJB@AGA R @HO ZAIH[ GF@IA[AGH 0.1 @ho`fpth y jasfs Ia ’agdbsbðo— fs aqufiia a`tbvbgag `hosbstfotf fo ia rf`fp`bðo phr partf gfi hpfraghr phstai gfi foväh quf if fs `hojbagh phr fi rfdbtfotf para ia rfaibza`bðo gfi prh`fsh phstai botflrai y gfi quf sf na`f rfsphosakif fo ihs târdbohs prfvbsths fo fi [fliadfoth gf sfrvb`bhs phstaifs.
0.; Wbphs gf fovähs Fo fi [fliadfoth gf Pfrvb`bhs ]hstaifs sf gbjfrfo`ba trfs tbphs gf fovähs, fo juo`bðo gf ias laraotäas quf sf hthrlao ai foväh5
[f`ufrgf Gfotrh gfi `br`ubth gf ia `hrrfsphogfo`ba y gf ihs fovähs phstaifs ia rf`hlbga `hrrfsphogf ai bob`bh gf gb`nh `br`ubth, quf `hosta rfsudbgadfotf gf ias sblubfotfs jasfs5 rf`hlbga, agdbsbðo, `iasbjb`a`bðo, tratadbfoth, `ursh, traosphrtf, gbstrbku`bðo y fotrfla.
A. Pfrvb`bhs gf fovähs lfofraifs Pho aqufiihs para ihs quf fi hpfraghr phstai `hrrfsphogbfotf oh hthrla dás laraotäas ai foväh quf ias hjrf`bgas `ho `ará`tfr lfofrai quf, fo thgh `ash, gfkfráo sfr, `hdh däobdh, ias `hotfdpiagas fo fi [fliadfoth gf sfrvb`bhs phstaifs para thghs ihs fovähs phstaifs. Waifs fovähs sho `hojbaghs ai hpfraghr, sbo quf dfgbf rf`bkh eustbjb`atbvh bogbvbguaibzagh gf `aga uoh gf gb`nhs fovähs quf pfrdbta bgfotbjb`ar ia gbrf``bðo phstai gfi rfdbtfotf y gfi gfstboatarbh h, fo su `ash, gh`udfoth `hdprfosbvh gf varbhs fovähs oudfraghs fo fi quf `hostfo ihs `btaghs gaths.
fgbthrbai } `fp
711
Wfda <
K. Pfrvb`bhs gf fovähs fovähs `frtbjb`aghs `frtbjb`aghs Pho ihs quf, prfvbh palh gf uoa `aotbgag prfgftfrdboaga a taoth aizagh, fstakif`fo uoa laraotäa jbea `hotra ihs rbfslhs gf pârgbga, sustra``bðo h gftfrbhrh, y quf ja`bibtao ai rfdbtfotf, fo su `ash a pftb`bðo gf âstf, uoa prufka gfi gfpðsbth gfi foväh phstai h gf su fotrfla ai gfstboatarbh.
@. Pfrvb`bhs gf fovähs `ho vaihr gf`iaragh Pho ihs quf pfrdbtfo asflurar âsths phr fi vaihr gf`iaragh phr fi rfdbtfotf, fo `ash gf pârgbga, sustra``bðo h gftfrbhrh.
0.0 Hpfra`bhofs gf agdbsbðo agdbsbðo Ias hpfra`bhofs gf agdbsbðo tbfofo suda bdphrtao`ba, phrquf fs ia õob`a jasf ghogf sf rfaibza fi `hotrhi gfi jraoqufh y phrquf fo fiia sf bo`iuyf uo `hota`th gbrf`th `ho ihs `ibfotfs y usuarbhs gf @hrrfhs gaogh bojhrda`bðo, ft`., gfkbfogh prh`urar fo thgh dhdfoth daotfofr ihs `rbtfrbhs gf `aibgag bdpufsths. Ias hpfra`bhofs gf fsta jasf sho kásb`adfotf ias sblubfotfs5 - Bojhrdar y atfogfr a ihs `ibfotfs. 71;
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
-
[f`fp`bhoar ihs prhgu`ths. @hdprhkar fi a`hogb`bhoadbfoth gfi foväh. Apib`ar ias tarbjas y `hkrar. [f`hlbga5 Fs ia hpfra`bðo `hosbstfotf fo ia rftbraga gf aqufiihs fovähs phstaifs quf nao sbgh gfphsbtaghs fo ihs puoths gf a``fsh a ia [fg ]hstai, quf sho kásb`adfotf ihs kuzhofs a gbsphsb`bðo gfi põkib`h, taoth ihs sbtuaghs fo ia väa põkib`a `hdh ihs ukb`aghs fo ihs ih`aifs gfi prhvffghr gfi sfrvb`bh. - Lfofrar ia gh`udfota`bðo fxblbga sflõo fi prhgu`th y tbph gf foväh. - ]rf`iasbjb`ar y prfparar ihs fovähs para su `ursh. [f`hrgaogh ia Ify 70/;=1=, gf 0= gf gb`bfdkrf, gfi P]V, gf ihs gfrf`nhs gf ihs usuarbhs y gfi dfr`agh phstai, gbsphof quf ia agdbsbðo phr fi hpfraghr ai quf sf fo`hdbfoga ia prfsta`bðo gfi sfrvb`bh phstai uobvfrsai gf ihs fovähs quf sf iifvfo a `akh fo fi ádkbth gf âstf, sf sueftara a ias sblubfotfs `hogb`bhofs5 - [faibzar, ai dfohs, uoa rf`hlbga fo ihs puoths gf a``fsh a ia rfg phstai thghs ihs gäas iakhrakifs, gf iuofs a vbfrofs, `ho bogfpfogfo`ba gf ia gfosbgag gf phkia`bðo f bo`iush fo zhoas ruraifs. - Gbsphofr gf uoa `hkfrtura agf`uaga ai ádkbth tfrrbthrbai para fi quf naya sbgh gfsbloagh y, fo partb`uiar, asflurar ia gfosbgag gf puoths gf a``fsh a ihs sfrvb`bhs phstaifs fstakif`bga fo fi piao gf prfsta`bðo y ia a``fsbkbibgag a ihs `btaghs puoths gf ias pfrshoas `ho gbs`apa`bgag gf `uaiqubfr tbph, asä `hdh gf ias pfrshoas `ho dhvbibgag rfgu`bga. - Oh gfoflar ia agdbsbðo gf ihs fovähs `uaogh fsths rfõoao ihs rfqubsbths rfliadfotarbhs y sf satbsjala fi prf`bh `hrrfsphogbfotf. - Ias gbdfosbhofs dáxbdas y däobdas gf ihs fovähs phstaifs agdbsbkifs fo ia rfg phstai sfráo ias fstakif`bgas fo ias ohrdas quf bo`hrphrfo ai Gfrf`nh fspañhi ias aprhkagas phr ia Vobðo ]hstai Vobvfrsai. - Ihs fovähs phstaifs sfráo gf gf tbtuiarbgag gfi rfdbtfotf a fjf`ths phstaifs fo taoth oh iiflufo a phgfr gfi gfstboatarbh qubfo phgrá, dfgbaotf fi palh gfi prf`bh fgbthrbai } `fp
Zh`akuiarbh @ho ia fxprfsbðo ’vfota’vfotaobiia õob`a phibvaifotf— sf aiugf a ias Zfotaobiias gf Agdbsbðo ]hibvaifotfs quf sf `ara`tfrbzao phrquf pfrdbtfo ia agdbsbðo gf `uaiqubfr prhgu`th gf @hrrfhs fo fiias. Fo fsta datfrba tbfof fspf`bai bdphrtao`ba ia bdpiaota`bðo gfi prhlrada B[BP, tfogfotf a bo`rfdfotar ia `aibgag gfi sfrvb`bh, dfehraogh ia rapbgfz y fjb`a`ba gf ias Hjb`boas fo ia atfo`bðo ai põkib`h.
710
Wfda <
`hrrfsphogbfotf, rf`upfrarihs h dhgbjb`ar su gbrf``bðo, saivh fo ihs supufsths gf bdphsb kbibgag kbib gag datfr datfrbai bai y sbo pfreu pfreub`bh b`bh gf ihs gfrf gfrf`nhs `nhs gf tfr` tfr`frhs frhs shkr shkrff fi `hot `hotfobg fobghh gf ihs dbsdhs. - Pf `hosbgfraráo hkefths prhnbkbghs `hdh fovähs phstaifs, aqufiihs `uya `br`uia`bðo oh sf pfrdbta phr dhtbvhs gf sflurbgag, gf saobgag põkib`a, utbibgag lfofrai y gf prhtf``bðo gfi sfrvb`bh phstai uobvfrsai.
0.7 Hkefths prhnbkbghs para `br`uiar `br`uiar phr @hrrfhs Pf `hosbgfraráo hkefths prhnbkbghs `hdh fovähs phstaifs, aqufiihs `uya `br`uia`bðo oh sf pfrdbta phr dhtbvhs gf sflurbgag, gf Paobgag põkib`a, utbibgag lfofrai y gf prhtf``bðo gfi sfrvb`bh phstai uobvfrsai.
A. Foudfra`bðo gf hkefths prhnbkbghs Gf `hojhrdbgag `ho ihs prbo`bpbhs fouo`baghs fo fi párrajh aotfrbhr, oh pufgfo bo`iubrsf fo oboluoa `iasf gf fovähs phstaifs ihs hkefths sblubfotfs5 - Ihs prhgu`ths shdftbghs a râlbdfo gf rfsfrva y oh prhvbsths gf authrbza`bð authrbza`bðoo fspf`bai para `br`uiar phr ia rfg phstai. ]ara quf pufgao sfr agdbtbghs a ia `br`uia`bðo phr ia rfg phstai, ihs prhgu`ths shdftbghs a râlbdfo gf rfsfrva y ihs fstupfja`bfotfs, nakrá gf fstar fxpfgbga phr ia fotbgag quf hstfotf fi gfrf`nh fx`iusbvh gf gbstrbku`bðo. - Ihs fovähs `uya fovhitura h `ukbfrta `hotfola tfxths h gbkuehs quf vuiofrfo `uaiqubfra gf ihs gfrf`nhs juogadfotaifs gf ia pfrshoa. - Ihs fovähs gf ardas, `hojhrdf a ih fstakif`bgh fo fi [fai Gf`rfth 101220, 101220, gf ;2 gf fofrh, phr fi quf sf aprufka fi [fliadfoth gf Ardas. Ihs fovähs quf `hotfolao ardas gf ias pfrdbtbgas dfgbaotf ia Bostru``bðo gfi ]rfsbgfotf gf ia Ph`bfgag @hrrfhs y Wfiâlrajhs P.A. gf jf`na =1 gf Euobh gf ;=1;, phgráo sfr rfdbtbgas fx`iusbvadfotf phr fdprfsas jakrb`aotfs, gbstrbkubghras h `hdfr`baibzaghras gf ias dbsdas, prfvba jhrdaibza`bðo gfi `hrrfsphogbfotf `hotrath `ho @hrrfhs, pugbfogh sfr gfstboaghs, sflõo `hostf fo gb`nh `hotrath, taoth a tfrrbthrbh oa`bhoai `hdh a htrhs paäsfs fo quf fsta `iasf gf fovähs fstâo pfrdbtbghs. Fo fi `hotrath `btagh fo fi puoth aotfrbhr, fi rfdbtfotf gf ihs fovähs gfkfrá `hdprhdftfrsf, kaeh su rfsphosakbibgag, a quf fi `hotfobgh gf ihs fovähs quf gfphsbtf `ho arrflih ai dbsdh fs `hojhrdf a ih bogb`agh fo ia bostru``bðo ya dfo`bhoaga, asudbfogh fxprfsadfotf quf laraotbza uo agf`uagh a`hogb`bhoadbfoth gf ihs dbsdhs, a jbo gf quf oh `hostbtuyao uo pfiblrh para ihs fdpifaghs gf ia Ph`bfgag Fstatai, ob `ausfo gftfrbhrh a htrhs fovähs. A tai jbo, gf gfkfrá `hosbloar gf jhrda vbsbkif fo fi fdkaiaef gf ihs fovähs fi `hotfobgh gf ihs dbsdhs. Ihs prhgu`ths a travâs gf ihs quf sf `ursfo ias ardas pfrdbtbgas, sbfdprf gfkfráo br rflbstraghs, apib`aogh ias gbrf`trb`fs gf trazakbibgag fstakif`bgas para fstf tbph fovähs.
717
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Ias ardas rfliadfotarbas pfrdbtbgas para `br`uiar phr @hrrfhs para ias quf oh sho of`fsarba luäa gf `br`uia`bðo sho ias quf sf gftaiiao5 ¼ @arakboas y pbsthias, gf tbrh sfdbauthdátb`h y gf rfpftb`bðo3 y rfvðivfrfs gf ghkif a``bðo, a``bhoagas phr abrf u htrh las oh asbdbiagas a fs`hpftas. ¼ @arakboas y pbsthias, gf áobda ibsa h rayaga, y gf uo shih tbrh, y rfvðivfrfs gf a``bðo sbdpif, a``bhoagas phr abrf u htrh las `hdprbdbgh oh asbdbiagas a fs`hpftas. ¼ Ias ardas kiao`as y fo lfofrai ias gf nhea `hrtaotf h puozaotf oh prhnbkbgas. ¼ Ihs `u`nbiihs h da`nftfs usaghs phr uobgagfs dbibtarfs h quf sfao bdbta`bðo gf ihs dbsdhs. ¼ Ihs ar`hs, ias ardas para iaozar iäofas gf pfs`a y ihs jusbifs gf pfs`a sukdarboa quf quf sbrvao para gbsparar jif`nas h arphofs, fjb`a`fs para ia pfs`a y para htrhs jbofs gfphrtbvhs. ¼ Ihs rfvðivfrfs h pbsthias pbsthias gfthoaghras y ias ias pbsthias iaoza kfolaias. Ias ardas rfliadfotagas oh gftaiiagas fo fi puoth aotfrbhr, fs gf`br, ias ardas gf juflh gf thgh tbph, asä `hdh ias ardas a``bhoagas phr abrf u htrh las `hdprbdbgh `uaogh ia fofrläa `boâtb`a gfi prhyf`tbi fo kh`a fx`fga gf ;7.; euibhs, oh phgráo `br`uiar phr @hrrfhs. - Ias datfrbas fxpihsbvas, bojiadakifs y htras pfiblrhsas, saivh ias kbhiðlb`as pfrf`fgfras, botfr`adkbagas fotrf iakhrathrbhs hjb`baidfotf rf`hoh`bghs, y ias ragba`tbvas gfphsbtagas phr fxpfgbghrfs gfkbgadfotf authrbzaghs. - Ihs aobdaifs vbvhs, sbo fstar prhvbsths gf uoa authrbza`bðo fspf`bai h sfr botfr`adkbaghs fotrf bostbtu`bhofs hjb`baidfotf rf`hoh`bgas. - Ihs hkefths `uyh trájb`h sfa `hostbtutbvh gf gfibth. - Ihs hkefths `uya oaturaifza h fdkaiaef pufgao `hostbtubr uo pfiblrh para para ihs fdpifaghs gf ihs hpfraghrfs phstaifs quf ihs daobpuiao h `ausar gftfrbhrh a htrhs fovähs. - Ihs hkefths `uya agdbsbðo h `br`uia`bðo fstâ prhnbkbga fo fi paäs ai quf vao vao gfstboaghs. - Ihs hkefths `uya `br`uia`bðo fstâ fstâ prhnbkbga fo Fspaña, `ho arrflih a ia ohrdatbva fo vblhr. - Ihs quf sf gftfrdbof fo `hovfobhs botfroa`bhoaifs fo ihs quf Fspaña sfa partf sbloatarba. - Ias katfräas y pbias gf ibtbh quf oh vayao vayao `hotfobgas fo uo fqubph, sbfdprf quf quf fi foväh vaya a `br`uiar phr väa aârfa, taoth para fovähs oa`bhoaifs `hdh botfroa`bhoaifs. - Fo ia agdbsbðo gf fovähs botfroa`bhoaifs quf quf vayao vayao a `br`uiar phr väa aârfa fs gf hkiblagh `udpibdbfoth, `hdprhkar fo ia agdbsbðo ia para vfrbjb`ar ias prhnbkb`bhofs fspf`äjb`as gfi paäs gf gfstboh y ia ibsta gf prhnbkb`bhofs lfofraifs pukib`aga phr ia Vobgag Botfroa`bhoai. - Ihs afrhshifs, OVO@A pufgfo `br`uiar phr väa aârfa. - Fovähs phstaifs quf `hotfolao rfsths y/h `fobzas nudaoas.
fgbthrbai } `fp
716
Wfda < HKEFWHP ]FIBL[HPHP
FEFD]IHP
Fxpihsbvhs
Duob`bhofs,, juflhs artb`baifs, gfthoaghrfs, Duob`bhofs gfthoaghrfs, `hnftfs y pftarghs.
Lasfs `hdprbdbghs, oh boaboadakifs f boadakifs
]rhgu`ths fo afrhshi, kutaoh, fo`fogfghrfs `arlaghs `ho kutaoh y fxtbofxtbothrfs quf `hotfolao las `hdprbdbgh.
Iäqubghs boadakifs
Lashiboa, shivfotfs boadakifs y `hdpufsths para ibdpbfza, pboturas y gf`a gf`a-paotfs boadakifs.
Pðibghs boadakifs
@frbiias gf thgh tbph, pfiä`uias gf obtrath gf `fiuihsa y sustao`bas quf sf vufivfo pfiblrhsas `uaogh akshrkfo nudfgag.
Datfrbas hxbgaotfs
Pustao`bas quf prhgu`fo já`bidfotf hxälfoh, pfrðxbgh hrláob`h taifs `hdh tbotfs para fi `akfiih h para tfxtbifs, `bfrths gf`hihraotfs y agnfsbvhs.
Hkefths tðxb`hs h oh`bvhs
Grhlas y dfgb`adfoths, `ho fx`fp`bðo gf dufstras gf vfofoh, gf sus sus-tao`bas tðxb`as, gf grhlas y gf dfgb`adfot dfgb`adfoths hs `ho rf`fta, fdkaiagas y fovbagas gf a`ufrgh `ho ias gbsphsb`bhofs vblfotfs.
Datfrbas ragba`tbvas
Dufstras para ush dâgb`h h `bfotä`h quf `hotfolao jufotfs gf ragba`tbvbragba`tbvb gag.
Datfrbas `hrrhsbvas
Iäqubghs gf ibdpbfza `hrrhsbvhs, prhgu`ths gf`apaotfs h aotbhxbgaotfs aotbhxbgaotfs,, bosbos trudfoths quf `hotfolao dfr`urbh y ubgh para katfräas.
Htrhs hkefths pfiblrhshs
Pustao`bas aofstâsb`as, aofstâsb`as, oh`bvas, tðxb`as h quf prfsfotfo htras `ara`tfrästb `ara`tfrästb`as `as quf pufgao `ausar lravfs dhifstbas h daifstar fo `ash gf jula3 hkefths botfosadfotf botfosadfo tf bdaotaghs.
K. Agdbsbðo dfr`ao`bas pfiblrhsas Fo ia agdbsbðo gf fovähs phstaifs, ih prbdfrh quf nay quf na`fr fs dar`ar sb fi foväh `hotbfof dfr`ao`äa pfiblrhsa gf ias pfrdbtbgas para su `br`uia`bðo. Pb sf dar`a O, pfrdbtf agdbtbr thgh tbph gf fovähs. Pb sf dar`a P, oh pfrdbtf agdbtbr fovähs hrgboarbhs, pufsth quf `hdh ya fstá gfs`rbth fo ihs gbjfrfotfs gh`udfoths y prh`fshs ihs fovähs gfkfo br rflbstraghs para phgfr tfofrihs `hotrhiaghs fo thgh fi prh`fsh.
71:
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
A partbr gf fstf dhdfoth ia agdbsbðo sf rfaibza gf jhrda nakbtuai.
a. Dfr`ao`äas pfiblrhsas para fi traosphrtf aârfh Pho dfr`ao`äas pfiblrhsas prhnbkbgas para fi traosphrtf aârfh, ias rf`hlbgas fo ias oufvf `iasfs gftaiiagas5 HKEFWHP ]FIBL[HPHP
FEFD]IHP
Fxpihsbvhs
Duob`bhofs, juflhs artb`baifs, gfthoaghrfs, `hnftfs y pftarghs
Lasfs `hdprbdbghs, oh boadakifs f boadakifs
]rhgu`ths fo afrhshi, kutaoh, fo`fogfghrfs `arlaghs `ho kutaoh y fxtbothrfs quf `hotfolao las `hdprbdbgh
Iäqubghs boadakifs
Lashiboa, sh shivfotfs boadakifs y `hdpufsths para ibibdpbfza, pb pboturas y gf`apaotfs boadakifs
Pðibghs boadakifs
@frbiias gf thgh tbph, pfiä`uias gf obtrath gf `fiuihsa y sustao`bas quf sf vufivfo pfiblrhsas `uaogh akshrkfo nudfgag
Datfrbas hxbgaotfs
Pustao`bas quf prhgu`fo já`bidfotf hxälfoh, pfrðxbgh hrláob`h taifs `hdh tbotfs para fi `akfiih h para tfxtbifs, `bfrths gf`hihraotfs y agnfsbvhs
Hkefths tðxb`hs h oh`bvhs
Grhlas y dfgb`adfoths, `ho fx`fp`bðo gf dufstras gf vfofoh, gf sustao`bas tðxb`as, gf grhlas y gf dfgb`adfoth dfgb`adfothss `ho rf`fta, fdkafdkaiagas y fovbagas gf a`ufrgh `ho ias gbsphsb`bhofs vblfotfs
Datfrbas ragba`tbvas
Dufstras para ush dâgb`h h `bfotä`h quf `hotfolao jufotfs gf ragba`tbvbgag
Datfrbas `hrrhsbvas
Iäqubghs gf ibdpbfza `hrrhsbvhs, prhgu`ths gf`apaotfs h aotbhxb aotbhxb-gaotfs. Bostrudfoths quf `hotfolao dfr`urbh y ubgh para katfräas
Htrhs hkefths pfiblrhshs
Pustao`bas aofstâsb`as, aofstâsb`as, oh`bvas, tðxb`as h quf prfsfotfo htras `ara``ara` tfrästb`as quf pufgao `ausar lravfs dhifstbas h daifstar fo `ash gf jula, hkefths botfosadfot botfosadfotf f bdaotaghs
k. Dfr`ao`äas pfiblrhsas agdbsbkifs para su `ursh phr väa aârfa Ia V]V y HA@B sho ihs hrlaobsdhs quf gb`tao ias ohrdas para traosphrtar dfr`ao`äas pfiblrhsas phr `hrrfh fo ias fx`fp`bhofs quf sf gftaiiao5 - Dufstras gf pa`bfotfs gfjbobgas, `iasbjb`agas fdkaiagas y dar`agas sflõo ih bogb`agh fo BBWW. - Pustao`bas bojf``bhsas gf ia `atflhräa K (HOV 00<0), fdkaiagas sflõo Bostru``bðo gf fdkaiaef :6= y nbfih sf`h `hdh rfjrblfraotf para 00<0. - Datfrbai ragba`tbvh, `aotbgag quf oh fx`fga gf uoa gâ`bda partf gf ih bogb`agh. Katfräas gf bðo ibtbh h dftai ibtbh5 - Katfräas gf bðo ibtbh bostaiagas fo uo fqubph (HOV 07>1) sflõo ia bostru``bðo gf fdkaiaef 2:<. Dáxbdh 7 pbias (49 ;=wn) h ; katfräas(491==wn) fo uo shih kuith. - Katfräas gf dftai ibtbh bostaiagas bostaiagas fo uo fqubph (HOV 0=21) sflõo ia Bostru``bðo gf fdkaiaef 2<=. Dáxbdh 7 pbias (491 lr) h ; katfräas.
fgbthrbai } `fp
71<
Wfda <
`. Hkibla`bhofs gfi rfdbtfotf Fi rfdbtfotf tbfof ia rfsphosakbibgag gf5 - @hduob`ar ia prfsfo`ba gf DD]]. - @hdpiftar ia gh`udfota`bðo fspf`äjb`a fspf`äjb`a ai tbph gf gf foväh fiflbgh. - Vtbibzar uo fdkaiaef agaptagh a ia jhrda y oaturaifza gfi `hotfobgh.
g. Hkibla`bhofs gfi pfrshoai gf atfo`bðo ai `ibfotf
Whdf ohta Pb fi foväh `hotbfof ailuoa gf ias DD]] gf ias agdbtbgas para su `ursh phr väa aârfa gfkf agdbtbrsf `hdh foväh rflbstragh para quf fo thgh dhdfoth pufga fstar bgfotbjb`agh fi rfdbtfotf y gfstboatarbh.
Fi fdpifagh gf agdbsbðo gfkf `hdprhkar quf sf `udpifo thghs ihs rfqubsbths fxblbghs y quf fi rfdbtfotf fs `hos`bfotf gf ias rfstrb``bhofs gfi foväh gf DD]]. Fi pfrshoai gf AW@ AW@ gfkf prfluotar ai `ibfotf ` ibfotf phr fi `hotf`hotf obgh fxa`th gfi foväh y agfdás5 - Fotrflar ai `ibfotf fi jhiifth bojhrdatbvh shkrf Dfr`ao`äas ]fiblrhsas quf sf tbfof fo ias hjb`boas. - Zfrbjb`ar sb fi paäs gf gfstboh gfstboh a`fpta katfräas gf ibtbh. - @hdprhkar quf fi fdkaiaef fs rfsbstfotf, `hostrubgh fo uo datfrbai agf`uagh y fstá agaptagh a ia jhrda y oaturaifza gfi `hotfobgh (sb fxbstfo gugas vfr @hogb`bhofs lfofraifs rfiatbvas a ihs fdkaiaefs 7-1-1 KHF <1-;7/=0/;=17 <1-;7/=0/;=17).). - @uaogh sf shspf`nf ra`bhoaidfotf quf uo foväh foväh prfsfoprfsfotagh fo ia hjb`boa `hotbfof ailõo hkefth `uya `br`uia`bðo phr ia [fg phstai fstâ prhnbkbga h oh sf aeusta ai `hotfobgh gf`iaragh sf bovbtará ai rfdbtfotf a quf ih akra, y sb oh ih nb`bfsf sf gfoflará su agdbsbðo. - Bojhrdar ai ai `ibfotf `ibfotf quf quf sb `ho dhtbvh dhtbvh gfi fs`aofh gfi foväh foväh phstai fo fi prbdfr `fotrh gf trata- dbfoth sf hksfrvara quf `hotbfof hkefths `uya `br`uia`bðo fstá prhnbkbga sf prh`fgfrá a su gfvhiu`bðo a ia hjb`boa gf hrblfo, quf gará sflubgadfotf avbsh ai rfdbtfotf para quf ih rftbrf.
f. Fdkaiaefs prhnbkbghs Ouo`a sf agdbtbrá uo foväh `uyh fdkaiaef tfola ailuoa gf ias dar`as h ftbquftas gftaiiagas fo ia sblubfotf takia auoquf su `hotfobgh oh sf dfr`ao`äa pfiblrhsa, `ash gf rfutbibza`bðo gf fdkaiaefs5
71>
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Dfr`ao`äas pfiblrhsas pfiblrhsas
j. Agdbtbr fi foväh [faibzagas ias `hdprhka`bhofs gftaiiagas fo ihs puoths aotfrbhrfs sf prh`fgf a agdbtbr fi foväh, tfobfogh fo `ufota sbfdprf ihs sblubfotfs puoths5 - Pf agdbtbrá `hdh foväh rflbstragh. - Pf rfiifoaráo fo fi sbstfda ihs `adphs gf rfdbtfotf y gfstboatarbh, bogb`aogh tfiâjhoh gf rfdbtfotf y gfstboatarbh sb fs phsbkif. - Fo ia paotaiia gf gfs`rbp`bðo gfi `hotfobgh sf fiflbrá uoh gf fsths ghs tbphs, gh`udfoth h Dfr`ao`äa y a partbr gf aquä sf rfaibzará uoa gfs`rbp`bðo gftaiiaga, fvbtaogh phofr lfofraibgagfs, gfi tbph quf sf fspf`bjb`ao fo ia bdalfo5
fgbthrbai } `fp
712
Wfda <
7;=
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
[faibzaghs thghs ihs puoths aotfrbhrfs, sf ga gf aita fi foväh, aparf`f ia bdalfo gf ia takifta gblbtai para quf fi `ibfotf jbrdf ia a`fpta`bðo gf gaths lrakaghs, quf fi `hotfobgh gf`iaragh fs `hrrf`th y quf sf na`f rfsphosakif gf ias `hosf`ufo`bas gf uoa gf`iara`bðo jaisa h bo`hdpifta, uoa vfz jbrdagh, fi usuarbh a`fpta ia agdbsbðo y sf bdprbdf ia ftbqufta y fo ihs `ashs quf sfa of`fsarbh fi sbstfda bdprbdbrá fi @O;0 h fi @]<1/@O;0 h `uaogh sfao fovähs para paäsfs gf Vobðo Furhpfa ia ftbqufta `hdfr`bai `ho gf`iara`bðo gf `hotfobgh. R sf bgfotbjb`ará fi foväh quf `hotfola dfr`ao`äas pfiblrhsas, gf ias agdbtbgas, `ho uoa ftbqufta vfrgf `ðgblh
fgbthrbai } `fp
7;1
Wfda <
FWBQVFWA @HDF[@BAI @HO GF@A[A@BÐO GF @HOWFOBGH para ageuotar a paquftfräa FWBQVFWA y `artas `ho gfstboh a Vobðo Furhpfa, para quf sf bdprbda fo ia agdbsbðo gf `artas, sbfdprf nay quf dar`ar uo `hotfobgh gbjfrfotf a gh`udfoths.
7;;
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
@. @hdprhka`bðo gfi `hotfobgh gf ihs fovähs @uaogh sf shspf`nf ra`bhoaidfotf quf uo foväh prfsfotagh fo uoa hjb`boa ]hstai `hotbfof ailõo hkefth `uya `br`uia`bðo phr ia [fg ]hstai fstâ prhnbkbga h quf oh sf aeustf ai `hotfobgh gf`iaragh fo fi shkrf h `ukbfrta, `uaogh fsth sfa prf`fptbvh, sf bovbtará ai rfdbtfotf a quf ih akra, y sb fstf oh ih nb`bfsf sf gfoflará su agdbsbðo. Aoáihlh prh`fgbdbfoth sf sflubrá, fo `uaoth sfa phsbkif, `ho ihs hkefths gfphsbtaghs fo ihs kuzhofs. @uaogh @hrrfhs tfolao juogaga shspf`na gf quf ailuoh gf ihs fovähs ya agdbtbghs oh pufga `br`uiar phr ia rfg phstai h fstâ shdftbgh a rfqubsbths quf oh sf nayao `udpibgh, prh`fgfrá `hdh sf bogb`a fo fi apartagh aotfrbhr, sb oh nukbfra saibgh thgaväa gf hrblfo, fgbthrbai } `fp
7;0
Wfda <
rfdbtbâoghih, fo htrh `ash, `ho sfpara`bðo gf ihs gfdás, a ia hjb`boa gf gfstboh. Gfsgf fsta hjb`boa sf ohtbjb`ará ai gfstboatarbh gb`na `br`uostao`ba, a jbo gf prh`fgfr `hdh sf bogb`a fo fi apartagh aotfrbhr y, sb sf oflasf a su apfrtura, oh sf fotrflará y sf gará trasiagh gfi nf`nh a ia Pf`rftaräa Lfofrai gf @hduob`a`bhofs para quf rfsufiva shkrf fi trath quf gfka garsf ai foväh.
G. ]rh`fgbdbfoth a sflubr sflubr `ho ihs hkefths prhnbkbghs @uaogh ihs hpfraghrfs phstaifs agvbfrtao ia prfsfo`ba gf hkefths prhnbkbghs, prh`fgfráo, sflõo ihs `ashs, fo ia jhrda quf a `hotboua`bðo sf gftaiia5 - Pb sf trata gf ailuoh gf gf ihs hkefths rfia`bhoaghs fo ihs apartaghs 1, ; y 1= gfi fouo`bagh gf Foudfra`bðo gf hkefths prhnbkbghs, sf sflubrá fi prh`fgbdbfoth quf jbef ia ohrdatbva `hrrfsphogbfotf. - Ihs fovähs a quf sf rfjbfrf fi apartagh : gfi apartagh Foudfra`bðo gf hkefths prhnbkbghs `uaogh `hotfolao aobdaifs gañbohs, sf `hduob`aráo a ia authrbgag quf `hrrfsphoga. - Ihs hkefths rfia`bhoaghs `ho ardas gf juflh quf oh sf aeustfo a ih gfs`rbth fo fi apartagh @br`uia`bðo phstai gf fovähs quf `hotfolao gftfrdboaga `iasf gf ardas, sfráo fotrflaghs a ia luargba `bvbi. - @uaogh sf gftf`tfo gftf`tfo hkefths gf ihs foudfraghs fo fi apartagh 6 gfi fouo`bagh Foudfra`bðo gf hkefths prhnbkbghs, sf `hduob`ará a ia authrbgag `hdpftfotf h a sus alfotfs, qubfofs gftfrdboaráo, fo `aga `ash, fi prh`fgbdbfoth a sflubr gf a`ufrgh `ho ia ohrdatbva vblfotf. - Ihs hkefths prhnbkbghs, `uya `br`uia`bðo `hostbtuya datfrba gfib`tbva, gfib`tbva, sfráo fovbaghs a ia authrbgag eugb`bai `hdpftfotf h a sus alfotfs. - @uaogh sf gftf`tfo fovähs gf ardas, sf gará avbsh avbsh a ias Jufrzas y @ufrphs gf Pflurbgag quf `hrrfsphoga. Fsth sbo pfreub`bh gf quf tadkbâo sf bojhrdf ai rfdbtfotf a jbo gf quf rftbrf su foväh. Ihs hkefths gf `br`uia`bðo prhnbkbga para ihs quf oh sf fstakif`f uo trath fspf`äjb`h fo ihs apartaghs aotfrbhrfs sfráo gfvufiths a ia hjb`boa gf hrblfo, quf gará sflubgadfotf avbsh ai rfdbtfotf para quf ihs rftbrf fo ihs piazhs rfliadfotarbhs. Ihs fovähs oh rftbraghs hphrtuoadfotf sfráo `hosbgfraghs `hdh shkraotfs, ih dbsdh quf ihs gf rfdbtfotf gfs`hoh`bgh. @uaogh @hrrfhs naya prh`fgbgh `ho hkefths gf `br`uia`bðo prhnbkbga fo `uaiqubfra gf ias jhrdas sfñaiagas fo ihs apartaghs aotfrbhrfs, bojhrdará, sb prh`fgf, ai rfdbtfotf y a ia authrbgag `hdpftfotf.
7. AGDBPBÐO GF ][HGV@WHP Fo fstf apartagh vfrfdhs ia `asuästb`a gf agdbsbðo gfpfogbfogh gf ihs prhgu`ths. Fo iäofas lfofraifs sf gbjfrfo`bao gf jhrda ohtakif ihs fovähs hrgboarbhs gf ihs rflbstraghs. Fsths rfqubfrfo dayhr `hotrhi pufs su pârgbga ga iular a bogfdobza`bðo phr partf gf @hrrfhs. 7;7
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
7.1 @arta hrgboarba Ia agdbsbðo pufgf rfaibzarsf5 - Fo kuzðo. - Fo hjb`boa. Fo aqufiias phkia`bhofs h oõ`ifhs gf vbvbfogas oh atfogbghs phr uoa hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs, ia agdbsbðo gf ihs fovähs quf jhrdao partf gfi sfrvb`bh phstai uobvfrsai phgrá na`frsf phr fi pfrshoai fo`arlagh gfi rfparth ghdb`bibarbh, ai tbfdph quf rfaibza fstf, a `uyh fjf`th sf bojhrdará a ihs vf`bohs gf fsths oõ`ifhs gfi nhrarbh nakbtuai gf pash gf gb`nh pfrshoai.
A. Agdbsbðo fo kuzðo [fqubsbths prfvbhs5 quf fi `ibfotf gfphsbtf ia `arta fo ailõo kuzðo gf ia rfg phstai gfkbgadfotf a`hogb`bhoaga y jraoqufaga. [f`hlbga. Ia hjb`boa rfsphosakif gf `aga kuzðo fstakif`frá, thghs ihs gäas iakhrakifs, ias rf`hlbgas quf fi vhiudfo gf `hrrfsphogfo`ba gfphsbtaga gfdaogf. @hrrfhs `hotrhia fi nhrarbh gf rf`hlbga dfgbaotf if`thrfs ðptb`hs gf ihs `ðgblhs gf karra bostaiaghs fo ihs kuzhofs dfgbaotf fi prhlrada Daraku ;. Ia õitbda rf`hlbga tfográ iular bodfgbatadfotf gfspuâs gf ia nhra gf `hdprhdbsh gf ’õitbda rf`hlbga— fstakif`bga phr fi @fotrh Gbrf`tbvh para `aga tbph gf Hjb`boa, ouo`a aotfs gf fsa nhra. @hrrfsphogfrá a ia uobgag rfsphosakif gfi sfrvb`bh gf rf`hlbga gf kuzhofs h`uparsf gf quf fsths gbspholao, fo iular vbsbkif, gf ia bojhrda`bðo rfjfrbga ai `aifogarbh sfdaoai y nhrarbhs gf rf`hlbga. Wratadbfoth. Jboaibzaga ia rf`hlbga gf kuzhofs sf prh`fgf a fdparfear ia `hrrfsphogfo`ba. Pb sf gftf`tasfo fovähs urlfotfs `hrrf`tadfotf jraoqufaghs fo ihs kuzhofs gf rf`hlbga hrgboarba, sf ifs agnfrbrá ia partf bzqubfrga gf ia ftbqufta bgfotbjb`atbva y ia partf gfrf`na sf gfsprfogfrá y sf gfstrubrá, a partbr gf fstf dhdfoth fsths sf `ursaráo `ho `ará`tfr urlfotf gfsgf fsf dhdfoth.
fgbthrbai } `fp
Atfo`bðo Fo obolõo `ash sf prh`fgfrá a boutbibzar ihs sblohs gf jraoqufh dfgbaotf su rayagh h fdkhrrhoagh `ho tbota h khiälrajh, h kbfo `fr`foaogh h arrao`aogh partf gfi dbsdh.
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Ia `hrrfsphogfo`ba sf foväa ai `fotrh gf tratadbfoth, sbo datasfiiar, `ho uoa kaogfea tbph A y su `hrrfsphogbfotf ftbqufta gf ’KVUÐO— para quf sfa `ao`fiaga gbrf`tadfotf phr ias dáquboas authdatbzagas. Pb sf gftf`tao fovähs agdbtbghs phr htras Hjb`boas h Vobgagfs fo ihs quf ihs sblohs gf jraoqufh oh nao sbgh datasfiiaghs sf prh`fgfrá a su boutbibza`bðo `ho fi sfiih gf puoths, h kbfo `ho fi sfiih gf ia Hjb`boa h Vobgag, rfspaigaogh fo fstf `ash fi foväh fo rfvfrsh.
K. Agdbsbðo fo hjb`boa Fstf tbph gf foväh pufgf fotrar fo fi `br`ubth a travâs gf ihs pufsths gf agdbsbðo gf B[BP quf lfofra uoa ftbqufta gf jraoqufh quf sf agnfrbrá fo ia partf supfrbhr gfrf`na gfi foväh, para ja`bibtar ia `iasbjb`a`bðo df`áob`a h dfgbaotf ihs kuzhofs ukb`aghs fo ia prhpba hjb`boa.
Bdphrtaotf @uaogh ias `artas agdbtbgas fo ia hjb`boa pfsao dás gf ;6= lradhs, ia agdbsbðo na gf sfr uobtarba y fi sbstfda lfofra uoa ftbqufta `ho `ðgblh gf karras, para quf fsths fovähs pufgao sfr `iasbjb`aghs fo ias dáquboas, para fiih fs of`fsarbh botrhgu`br `hrrf`tadfotf fi `ðgblh phstai gf gfstboh quf vbfof fs`rbth fo ia `arta, ya quf fi `ðgblh gf karras quf sf lfofra iifva bo`iubgh fi `ðgblh phstai y sb oh fs fi `hrrf`th ia `arta sfrá `iasbjb`aga fo ia dáquboa a gfstboh bo`hrrf`th `ho fi `hosblubfotf rftrash para fi `ibfotf.
Fsths fovähs oh rfqubfrfo bdprfsh gf bdphsb`bðo y su fotrfla sf rfaibza dfgbaotf fi gfpðsbth fo ihs `asbiifrhs ghdb`bibarbhs, fo apartaghs partb`uiarfs h Ibsta gf `hrrfhs, sbo quf qufgf `hostao`ba fs`rbta gf ia fotrfla. Fo ias agdbsbhofs uobtarbas y gf dfohs gf 0= fovähs sbfdprf sf na gf bdprbdbr y agnfrbr ai foväh ia ftbqufta quf lfofra B[BP.
a. Agdbsbðo sboluiarbzaga Pb fi `ibfotf sf pfrshoa fo ia hjb`boa para shib`btar fi foväh gf uoa `arta hrgboarba, fi fdpifagh5 7;:
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
- @hdprufka quf fi fdkaiaef fs agf`uagh y laraotbza ia botflrbgag gfi `hotfobgh. - Pb fi foväh sf prfsfota sbo sbo fdkaiar, h fi fdkaiaef rfsuita boagf`uagh, sf hjrf`frá fo vfota ai `ibfotf uoh gf oufstrhs fdkaiaefs. - ]fsa y `ai`uia fi jraoqufh quf of`fsbta fi foväh. - @hkra fi bdphrtf y jraoqufa h `ao`fia fi foväh a ia vbsta gfi `ibfotf. - Fo`adboa fi foväh a ia uobgag `hrrfsphogbfotf para prh`fgfr a su datasfiiagh y `ursh. - Fo ias agdbsbhofs uobtarbas y gf dfohs gf 0= fovähs sbfdprf sf na gf bdprbdbr y agnfrbr ai foväh ia ftbqufta quf lfofra B[BP. Wadkbâo sf pufgfo rfaibzar agdbsbhofs gf `ibfotfs kaeh `hotrath, a`hdpañaogh a ihs fovähs fi `hrrfsphogbfotf Aikarráo.
- Pb ihs fovähs fstáo jraoqufaghs `ho fstadpbiias, fi fdpifagh gfkfrá `hdprhkar quf ias fstadpbiias iifvao oµ gf dáquboa y prfluotar gðogf nao sbgh agqubrbgas. - Pb fi oõdfrh gf fovähs oh fs sblobjb`atbvh, sf jhth`hpbará fi aovfrsh y rfvfrsh gf uo foväh, gf jhrda quf sfa iflbkif fi oõdfrh gf dáquboa y fi rfdbtfotf. Pf gará `ursh a ihs fovähs y sf phográ fo `hoh`bdbfoth gfi rfsphosakif gf ia Efjatura gf [fg gf Hjb`boas. - Pb fi oõdfrh gf fovähs fs dasbvh h sf trata gf uo oõdfrh sblobjb`atbvh gf fovähs `frtbjb`aghs, aotfs gf prh`fgfr a su agdbsbðo sf phográ fo `hoh`bdbfoth gfi rfsphosakif fo ia Efjatura gf [fg gf Hjb`boas, jhth`hpbaogh fi aovfrsh y rfvfrsh gf uo foväh fo fi quf sf vfa `ho `iarbgag fi oõdfrh h oõdfrhs gf dáquboa quf ias na fxpfgbgh y rfdbtfotf gf ihs fovähs, qufgaogh a ia fspfra bostru``bhofs.
k. Agdbsbðo fo `aotbgag @uaogh uo `ibfotf shib`bta fi `ursh gf uoa piuraibgag gf `artas sbo jraoqufar sf prh`fgf `hdh sbluf5 - Pb su oõdfrh fs rfgu`bgh, sf sf prh`fgf a su agdbsbðo `hdh sb sf tratara gf uo shih foväh rfaibzáoghsf ias tarfas gfs`rbtas fo ia agdbsbðo sboluiarbzaga. - Pb ia rfdfsa prfsfotaga, kbfo phr su oõdfrh h kbfo phr ias `ara`tfrästb`as gf ihs fovähs, pfrturka fi ohrdai gfsarrhiih gf ia agdbsbðo, fi fdpifagh5 ¼ Phib`bta a ia pfrshoa quf prfsfota ihs fovähs fi ohdkrf, gbrf``bðo y tfiâjhoh gfi `ibfotf rfdbtfotf gf ia rfdfsa, para phstfrbhr `hota`th.
fgbthrbai } `fp
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¼ [f`hlf ihs fovähs gf jhrda prhvbsbhoai. Fo `uaoth sfa phsbkif y sbfdprf aotfs gf jboaibzar ia ehroaga5 - @hdprufka ihs gbjfrfotfs tbphs gf `artas prfsfotagas y oõdfrh gf uobgagfs uobgagfs gf `aga uoh gf fiihs. - ]fsa y `ai`uia fi jraoqufh gf `aga tbph. - @ai`uia fi bdphrtf thtai gfi jraoqufh gf gf ia rfdfsa. - @hota`ta `ho fi `ibfotf para quf akhof fi jraoqufh. Pb fi `ibfotf oh akhoa fi jraoqufh, ihs fovähs sf `hosbgfrao `hdh bosujb`bfotfdfotf jraoqufaghs prh`fgbfogh fo ia jhrda gfs`rbta para fsths `ashs. - Ja`bibta ai `ibfotf uoa ja`tura phr fi bdphrtf `hkragh. - @ao`fia ihs fovähs y ihs fo`adboa a ia uobgag `hrrfsphogbfotf para su `ursh. - Pb ias `artas sf prfsfotao ya jraoqufagas fi fdpifagh prf`fgf `hdh sbluf5 ¼ Bgfotbjb`a ihs gbjfrfotfs tbphs gf `artas quf if prfsfotao. ¼ @hdprufka dfgbaotf fxtra``bhofs aifathrbas fo `aga uoh gf ihs fovasfs fovasfs prfsfotaghs quf ias `artas fstáo jraoqufagas gfkbgadfotf. - Pb ihs fovähs fstáo `hrrf`tadfotf jraoqufaghs sf rfaibza ia agdbsbðo, fo`adboáoghihs a ia uobgag `hrrfsphogbfotf para prh`fgfr a su datasfiiagh y `ursh. @uaogh uo dbsdh `ibfotf rfaibza bdphsb`bhofs dasbvas `ho `bfrta jrf`ufo`ba, sf if bovbtará a quf `hota`tf `ho ihs sfrvb`bhs `hdfr`baifs para tratar gf jhrdaibzar fi hphrtuoh `hotrath. @uaogh fi `ibfotf fs tbtuiar gf uo `hotrath `ho @hrrfhs prfsfotará ihs fovähs a`hdpañaghs gf Aikaráo gf Fotrfla `hrrf`tadfotf `udpibdfotaghs sbo ta`naguras ob fodbfogas.
`. @arta hrgboarba botfroa`bhoai Fstf tbph gf foväh pufgf fotrar fo fi `br`ubth a travâs gf ihs pufsths gf agdbsbðo gf Brbs, quf lfofra uoa ftbqufta gf jraoqufh quf sf agnbfrf fo ia partf supfrbhr gfrf`na gfi foväh, (para ja`bibtar ia `iasbjb`a`bðo df`áob`a) h dfgbaotf ihs kuzhofs ukb`aghs fo ia prhpba hjb`boa. Fsths fovähs oh rfqubfrfo bdprfsh gf bdphsb`bðo y su fotrfla sf rfaibza, sbo quf qufgf `hostao`ba fs`rbta gf ia fotrfla.
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fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Fo ia agdbsbðo sf na gf prfluotar ai `ibfotf phr fi `hotfobgh gf ia `arta y sb fstf fs dfr`ao`äa, y va a paäsfs jufra gf ia Vobðo Furhpfa sf dar`a fo B[BP fi `nf`c dfr`ao`äa y ia ftbqufta quf sf bdprbdbrá iifvará uo `ðgblh gf karras. Fo ias agdbsbhofs uobtarbas y gf dfohs gf 0= fovähs sbfdprf sf na gf bdprbdbr y agnfrbr ai foväh ia ftbqufta quf lfofra B[BP.
7.; Agdbsbðo gf fovähs rflbstraghs rflbstraghs (ohrda lfofrai) Gfotrh gf ihs piaofs gf dhgfrobza`bðo gf @hrrfhs sf bo`iuyf ia sbdpibjb`a`bðo y gblbtaibza`bðo fo ihs prh`fshs gf agdbsbðo gf fovähs rflbstraghs, sf kus`a `ho fiih sbdpibjb`ar ihs trádbtfs, anhrrar papfi y `hosudbkifs y gar ia hphrtuobgag ai `ibfotf gf pfr-rflbstrar sus fovähs gfsgf `uaiqubfr gbsphsbtbvh, anhrraogh tbfdph. Gfeao gf utbibzarsf ihs D.11-A y D-11-B (saivh hjb`boas ruraifs) y ia agdbsbðo pasar a sfr gblbtaibzaga para thghs ihs fovähs rflbstraghs. @ho fstf prh`fsh fi `ibfotf oh `udpibdfota bdprfshs, rfaibzaghs gbrf`tadfotf fo B[BP, uoa vfz botrhgu`bghs ihs gaths fi `ibfotf jbrda ia `hojhrdbgag fo ia Wakifta gf ia Hjb`boa y rf`bkf uoa `hpba fo papfi h phr fdabi. Aotfs gf vfr ihs prh`fshs gf agdbsbðo vfrfdhs `hdh fi `ibfotf pufgf prf-rflbstrar su foväh5
A. Jðrduias gf rflbstrar fovähs aotfs gf br a @hrrfhs @hrrfhs a. Jhrduiarbh Hoibof (]rf-rflbstrh) Fi `ibfotf a``fgf gfsgf `uaiqubfr gbsphsbtbvh a ia \fk gf @hrrfhs5 Whgas ias Nfrradbfotas??Jhrduiarbh hoibof para fovähs gf Hjb`boa ??A``fgf ai Jhrduiarbh5 fgbthrbai } `fp
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fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
[fiifoar fi jhrduiarbh hoibof, botrhgu`bfogh fi GOB h GHB
Voa vfz botrhgu`bgh fi GOB5 - ]hgfdhs rf`upfrar ihs gaths ya aotfrbhrdfotf lrakaghs. lrakaghs. - Vsar ia hp`bðo gf sfr ia prbdfra vfz vfz quf a``fgh h quf oh gfsfh rfutbibzar dbs gaths. Agfdás gf na`fr ia Zfrbjb`a`bðo @A]W@NA
Gadhs a sblubfotf y aparf`f ia pálboa gfi jhrduiarbh5 @ho ihs gaths gfi [fdbtfotf y gfi Gfstboatarbh, ihs `uaifs nakrá quf rfiifoar fo juo`bðo gf sb nfdhs qufrbgh rf`upfrar gaths h oh. Fxbstf tadkbâo ia hp`bðo gf dar`ar fi tfiâjhoh gfi gfstboatarbh sb ih quf va a fovbar fi `ibfotf fs uo paq `ho fotrfla fo hjb`boa para quf if saitfo ihs PDP ai gfstboatarbh `uaogh fi foväh iifluf a ia hjb`boa gf gfstboh5
fgbthrbai } `fp
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Voa vfz botrhgu`bghs thghs ihs gaths y a`fptagas ias `hogb`bhofs, sf lfofra uo `ðgblh gf rflbstrh quf phgfdhs rf`bkbr fo fi phr PDP, fdabi h bdprbdbr, fi `ðgblh `hdfozará phr JH5
Fstf `ðgblh fs fi quf fi `ibfotf gfkf aphrtar fo ia vfotaobiia, gf fstf dhgh ja`bibtará ias iakhrfs gf agdbsbðo.
k. ]hrtai gf gfvhiu`bhofs Fo fi ]hrtai gf Gfvhiu`bhofs gf @hrrfhs, sbo of`fsbgag gf fotrar ob rflbstrarsf fo ia H]Z;, fs phsbkif lfofrar ias ftbquftas para gfvhivfr uo foväh. ]ashs a rfaibzar5 - Botrhgu`br artä`uihs fo su fdkaiaef. - @udpibdfotar gaths gf rfdbtfotf y gfstboatarbh. - Bdprbdbr ftbqufta fo tbota oflra, fo su tadañh hrblboai (1= x 16 `d), sbo arrulas ob ghkif`fs. 70;
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
- Pb oh fs phsbkif bdprbdbr ia ftbqufta, kasta `ho aohtar ihs ;0 gälbths y `hduob`arihs fo uoa Hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs. - Fi fdpifagh ja`bibta fi rfsluargh gfi foväh.
`. Hjb`boa ]hstai Zbrtuai Dfgbaotf ia Hjb`boa ]hstai Zbrtuai fi `ibfotf (prfvbh rflbstrh) pufgf bgfotbjb`ar y sa`ar ias ftbquftas gf ihs fovähs quf gfsff gfphsbtar fo @hrrfhs, hptaogh phr fi palh fo ia dbsda wfk h fo vfotaobiia.
K. Agdbsbðo gblbtaibzaga gblbtaibzaga gf fovähs rflbstraghs rflbstraghs a. Agdbsbðo bogbvbguaibzaga Pf `hosbgfra agdbsbðo bogbvbguaibzaga `uaogh fi `ibfotf prfsfota fovähs para rfaibzar agdbsbhofs gf uoa fo uoa, gfkbfogh lrakar thghs ihs gaths gfi foväh (fo fi `ash gf sfr uo `ibfotf nakbtuai quf prfsfotf varbhs fovähs, sf if rf`hdfogará quf para phstfrbhrfs fotrflas utbib`f fi jhrduiarbh ho ibof fo ia wfk gf @hrrfhs). Ai lrakar fi foväh fo Brbs sf lfofra ia ftbqufta y sf agnbfrf, prfjfrfotfdfotf, fo fi áoluih supfrbhr gfrf`nh, gf dhgh quf ia ftbqufta oh pfreugbquf ia `iarbgag gf ia gbrf``bðo y ai fgbthrbai } `fp
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tfrdboar gb`na agdbsbðo fi sbstfda lfofra uo jhrduiarbh quf sf fotrfla h foväa phr f-dabi ai `ibfotf
k. Agdbsbðo dõitbpif Pb fi `ibfotf traf ihs fovähs `ho rfia`bðo gfkf utbibzar fi jhrduiarbh pukib`agh fo5 @hof`ta ?? @hdh trakaeadhs ?? ]rh`fshs ?? ]rh`fshs gf Hjb`boas ?? Hpfratbvhs ?? Zfota gf `hrrfsphogfo`ba ?? Jhrduiarbhs ?? Bdprfsh gf agdbsbðo rfia`bðo gf `frtbjb`aghs. Voa vfz agdbtbghs thghs ihs fovähs gf jhrda dõitbpif (phr raolh h gf uoh fo uoh), sf na gf vaibgar fi jhrduiarbh pukib`agh fo5 @hof`ta ?? @hdh trakaeadhs ?? ]rh`fshs ?? ]rh`fshs gf Hjb`boas ?? Hpfratbvhs ?? Zfota gf `hrrfsphogfo`ba ?? Jhrduiarbhs ?? JH[DVIA[BH ]A[A IA ZAIBGA@BÐO DF@ÁOB@A GF IAP @A[WAP @F[WBJB@AGAP AGDBWBGAP ]H[ AGDBPBÐO DÕIWB]IF, phr fi aovfrsh y fi `ibfotf gfkf jbrdar fo fi `hogb`bhoagh quf fstá fo fi rfvfrsh.
`. Agdbsbðo phr prflrakaghs Fstf prh`fgbdbfoth gf agdbsbðo fs apib`akif `uaogh fi `ibfotf prfsfota ihs fovähs nakbâoghihs lrakagh fo ia wfk fo fi jhrduiarbh ho ibof.
707
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Fo fstf `ash fi `ibfotf gfkf prfsfotar fi `ðgblh quf if na lfofragh fi sbstfda y quf fs of`fsarbh para `hdfozar ia agdbsbðo. Ihs fovähs `hrrf`tadfotf a`hogb`bhoaghs y prfjfrfotfdfotf hrgfoaghs phr `ðgblh phstai gf dfohr a dayhr, para agnfrbr ias ftbquftas quf lfofra B[BP fo fi dhdfoth gf ia agdbsbðo. Ai lrakar fi foväh fo Brbs quf lfofra ia ftbqufta y sf agnbfrf, prfjfrfotfdfotf, fo fi áoluih supfrbhr gfrf`nh, gf dhgh quf ia ftbqufta oh pfreugbquf ia `iarbgag gf ia gbrf``bðo y ai tfrdboar gb`na agdbsbðo fi sbstfda lfofra uo jhrduiarbh quf sf fotrfla h foväa phr f-dabi ai `ibfotf. Pb fiblf fi vaihr añagbgh A[ gfkf nakfr n akfr rfiifoagh ihs Avbshs gf rf`bkh D-06 para oa`bhoai h fi @O=< para botfroa`bhoai.
@. @arta `frtbjb`aga oa`bhoai rffdkhish Fo ia agdbsbðo gf ihs fovähs gf `artas `ho fi vaihr añagbgh rffdkhish, oh fxbstfo gbjfrfo`bas, saivh bogb`ar ia `aotbgag a `hkrar aotfs gf fotrflar fi foväh y ia jhrda gf rf`fp`bðo gfi lbrh (ghdb`bibh h HB@). Ia `aotbgag a `hkrar aparf`frá fo ia ftbqufta gfi foväh. Ia agdbsbðo gf fstf tbph gf fovähs `hdh fi rfsth fs gblbtaibzaga.
G. @arta `frtbjb`aga botfroa`bhoai botfroa`bhoai rffdkhish @uaogh ia `arta `frtbjb`aga gf ádkbth botfroa`bhoai iifva fi vaihr añagbgh gf rffdkhish, sf bgfotbjb`a `ho ia ftbqufta ’[fdkhursfdfot— y sf agnbfrf agfdás ia ftbqufta [J quf lfofra fi sbstfda, y sf ageuota tadkbâo fi bdprfsh D]1KBP (aotfs WJ]0), quf vaibgaga fi sbstfda ai agdbtbr fi foväh.
F. Ohtbjb`a`bhofs - Ohtbjb`a`bhofs prfrrflbstragas fo HZ;, nao gf garsf gf aita gf jhrda uobtarba h phr agdbsbðo uitrarrápbga fo Brbs, ouo`a gfkfo aphrtar aikaráo. - Ohtbjb`a`bhofs `ho jb`nfrh, sf na gf gfskihqufar gfskihqufar fi jb`nfrh y agdbtbr fi fi aikaráo fo Brbs (hjb`boas authrbzagas). - Ohtbjb`a`bhofs daouaifs `ho `arlh a uo `hotrath, gfkfo prfsfotarsf `ho aikaráo quf sf gará gf aita fo Brbs. Ias ftbquftas quf gfkfo iifvar fstas ohtbjb`a`bhofs sfráo5 ¼ Kiao`as y ia oudfra`bðo `hdfozar phr OA `uaogh sho ohtbjb`a`bhofs agdbobstratbvas. ¼ Zfrgfs y ia oudfra`bðo `hdfozar phr OE `uaogh sho ohtbjb`a`bhofs eugb`baifs. Ias ohtbjb`a`bhofs agdbobstratbvas gf palh ai `hotagh y sbo prfrrflbstrar nao gf garsf gf aita fo Brbs. Ai sfif``bhoar ohtbjb`a`bðo sf a`tbvará fi `adph A[ y ia oudfra`bðo `hdfozará phr OA, (sf phgráo agdbtbr gf jhrda uobtarba h dõitbpif). Ias Vobgagfs gf Agdbsbðo Dasbva, sho ias õob`as authrbzagas para ia agdbsbðo gf fovähs gfphsbtaghs phr hpfraghrfs y/h `hoshibgaghrfs `uaogh fxbsta uo a`ufrgh prfvbh fotrf âsths y @hrrfhs. fgbthrbai } `fp
706
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Ia ja`tura gf fovähs agdbtbghs fo hjb`boa kaeh ia dhgaibgag gf OHWBJB@A@BÐO sf rfaibzará, PBFD][F, a javhr gfi hrlaobsdh rfdbtfotf gf ihs dbsdhs, OVO@A a javhr gf fdprfsas, fotbgagfs h partb`uiarfs gbstboths gf aqufiihs quf jblurfo `hdh rfdbtfotfs gf ihs fovähs. Pf fdbtbrá PBFD][F JA@WV[A `hdh eustbjb`aotf gf palh, OH FOW[FLÁOGHPF WB@CFW GF @HD][A ai gfphsbtaotf. Pbfdprf quf fi gfphsbtaotf gf ihs fovähs shib`btf ja`tura a javhr gf fdprfsa, fotbgag h partb`uiar gbjfrfotf gfi rfdbtfotf, h tb`cft gf `hdpra `hdh eustbjb`aotf gfi palh gf ihs fovähs, âsths sfráo agdbtbghs `hdh @A[WA @F[WBJB@AGA @HO A@VPF GF [F@BKH, fo dhgh ailuoh `hdh OHWBJB@A@BÐO.
J. Agdbsbðo phr fi sbstfda gf prh`fgbdbfoth prh`fgbdbfoth agdbobstratbvh agdbobstratbvh @hrrfhs agdbtbrá shib`btugfs, fs`rbths y `hduob`a`bhofs quf ihs `bugagaohs h fotbgagfs gbrbeao a ihs ðrlaohs gf ias Agdbobstra`bhofs ]õkib`as. Fo fi Artb`uih 1:.7. sf fstakif`f quf ihs gh`udfoths quf ihs botfrfsaghs gbrbeao a ihs ðrlaohs gf ias Agdbobstra`bhofs ]õkib`as phgráo prfsfotarsf5 - Fo fi rflbstrh fif`trðob`h gf ia Agdbobstra`bðo u Hrlaobsdh ai quf sf sf gbrbeao, asä asä `hdh fo ihs rfstaotfs rflbstrhs fif`trðob`hs - Fo ias hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs, fo ia jhrda quf rfliadfotarbadfotf sf fstakifz`a. - Fo ias rfprfsfota`bhofs gbpihdátb`as u hjb`boas `hosuiarfs gf Fspaña fo fi fxtraoefrh. - Fo ias hjb`boas gf asbstfo`ba fo datfrba gf rflbstrhs. - Fo `uaiqubfr htrh quf fstakifz`ao ias gbsphsb`bhofs vblfotfs. Ia Ify 02/;=16, gf 1 gf h`tukrf, gfi prh`fgbdbfoth agdbobstratbvh y `hdõo gf ias Agdbobstra`bhofs ]ukib`as (Art.;, 1:, 7=-7; y ia gbsphsb`bðo jboai sâptbda), gfjbof fi sf`thr pukib`h `hdh fi quf `hdprfogf5 - Ia Agdbobstra`bðo Lfofrai gfi Fstagh. - Ias Agdbobstra`bhofs gf ias @hduobgagfs Autðohdas. - Ias Fotbgagfs quf botflrao ia Agdbobstra`bðo Ih`ai. - Fi sf`thr põkib`h bostbtu`bhoai, quf sf botflra phr5 ¼ @uaifsqubfra hrlaobsdhs põkib`hs y fotbgagfs gf gfrf`nh põkib`h vbo`uiaghs h gfpfogbfotfs gf ias Agdbobstra`bhofs ]õkib`as. ¼ Ias fotbgagfs gf gfrf`nh prbvagh vbo`uiagas h gfpfogbfotfs gf ias Agdbobstra`bhofs ]õkib`as, quf qufgaráo sueftas a ih gbspufsth fo ias ohrdas gf fsta Ify quf fspf`äjb`adfotf sf rfjbfrao a ias dbsdas, y fo thgh `ash, `uaogh fefrzao phtfstagfs agdbobstratbvas. ¼ Ias Vobvfrsbgagfs põkib`as, quf sf rflbráo phr su ohrdatbva fspf`äjb`a y supifthrbadfotf phr ias prfvbsbhofs gf fsta Ify.
70:
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
a. ]rh`fsh gf agdbsbðo - Ias shib`btugfs, fs`rbths y `hduob`a`bhofs gbrblbgas a ihs ðrlaohs gf ias Agdbobstra`bhofs ]õkib`as a travâs gf @hrrfhs, sf prfsfotaráo fo shkrf akbfrth. - Fi fdpifagh quf quf agdbta fi foväh nará `hostar `ho `iarbgag, fo ia `akf`fra gf ia prbdfra nhea gfi gh`udfoth quf sf qubfra fovbar y fo fi rfsluargh eustbjb`atbvh gf agdbsbðo, fi ohdkrf gf ia hjb`boa y ia jf`na, fi iular, ia nhra y dbouth gf agdbsbðo. - A pftb`bðo gfi rfdbtfotf, fi fdpifagh nará `hostar fsths gaths gfi foväh fo ia prbdfra pálboa gf ia `hpba, jhth`hpba u htrh tbph gf rfprhgu``bðo gfi gh`udfoth prbo`bpai quf sf qubfra fovbar, prfvba `hdpara`bðo gf su bgfotbgag `ho fi hrblboai. - Fi prhpbh rfdbtfotf `frrará fi shkrf fo prfsfo`ba gfi fdpifagh. - Fi fdpifagh jhrdaibzará y if fotrflará fi rfsluargh gf agdbsbðo, `uya datrbz ar`nbvará ar`nbvará fo ia Hjb`boa. @uaogh botfrfsf a ihs rfdbtfotfs `hoh`fr ia jf`na gf fotrfla gf fsths fovähs fo ias gfpfogfo`bas gfstboatarbas, phgráo shib`btar avbsh gf rf`bkh fo ias `hogb`bhofs lfofraifs. Fo ihs supufsths gf gbvfrsbgag gf gh`udfoths, `hrrfsphogbfotfs a gbjfrfotfs rfdbtfotfs, prfsfotaghs phr rfprfsfotaotfs gf ihs botfrfsaghs (phr fefdpih, uo lfsthr agdbobstratbvh), oh sfráo agdbtbghs `hoeuotadfotf fo uo õob`h shkrf, sboh quf fxbstbráo taoths fovähs `frtbjb`aghs `hdh gh`udfoths prbo`bpaifs gfkao sfr sfiiaghs, gfkbfogh `hbo`bgbr fi jbrdaotf gfi gh`udfoth `ho fi rfdbtfotf gfi foväh `hosbloagh fo fi shkrf y fo fi rfsluargh gf bdphsb`bðo. Fo `ash gf guga shkrf ia oaturaifza agdbobstratbva gfi hrlaobsdh gfstboatarbh gfi foväh, y `ho fi jbo gf prfstar fi dfehr sfrvb`bh a ihs `ibfotfs, sf rfaibzará ia agdbsbðo a travâs gfi prh`fgbdbfoth agdbobstratbvh agvbrtbfogh quf, sb aquâi oh rfvbstf tai oaturaifza, @hrrfhs oh laraotbza ia fjb`a`ba iflai gfi sbstfda. Pf pufgf utbibzar fstf sbstfda para ihs fs`rbths gbrblbghs a ias rfprfsfota`bhofs gbpihdátb`as gf Fspaña fo htrhs paäsfs, ya quf tbfofo ia `hosbgfra`bðo gf tfrrbthrbh fspañhi y fs apib`akif ia iflbsia`bðo oa`bhoai. @uaogh fi gfstboatarbh gf ia `hduob`a`bðo sfa uo Hrlaobsdh Botfroa`bhoai gfi quf Fspaña sfa Fstagh dbfdkrh, sf phgrá sfiiar ia `akf`fra gfi gh`udfoth prbo`bpai y ia `hpba fo su `ash, fo ia jhrda bogb`aga aotfs, pfrh agvbrtbfogh ai botfrfsagh quf @hrrfhs oh laraotbza ia fjb`a`ba iflai quf fo su dhdfoth pufgao gar fstas Bostbtu`bhofs a fstf prh`fgbdbfoth y quf, phr ih taoth, oh sf rfsphosakbibza gf ias `hosf`ufo`bas quf su oh a`fpta`bðo pufga prhvh`ar ai rfdbtfotf. Fsths fovähs pufgfo tfofr Avbsh gf [f`bkh h ]FF.
7.7 Zaihrfs Gf`iaraghs Fo fstf prhgu`th sf tfográo fo `ufota ihs `rbtfrbhs lfofraifs gf agdbsbðo y ihs fspf`äjb`hs quf a `hotboua`bðo sf gftaiiao5
fgbthrbai } `fp
70<
Wfda <
Pb fi `ibfotf traf fi foväh a`hogb`bhoagh, âstf pufgf vfobr fo jhrda gf shkrf h gf `aea5 - Jhrda gf shkrf5 Fi foväh nakrá gf fstar `frragh gf jhrda quf oh pufga pufga sfr sustraägh sustraägh su `hotfobgh sbo sfr gfstrubgh y prhvbsth gf prf`both gf sflurbgag `hostbtubgh `ho uoa dar`a quf bgfotbjbquf ai rfdbtfotf (ohdkrf `hdpifth, razðo sh`bai h bob`baifs) h kbfo `ho uoa `bota gf sflurbgag dhgfih Pflurf Wapf >;= h sbdbiar3 h fo su gfjf`th, dfgbaotf sbstfda gf `hsbgh h `ruzagh `ho `ufrga h kradaotf jboh `ho uo õob`h ough y `bo`h ia`rfs `ho dar`a fspf`bai quf bgfotbjbquf ai rfdbtfotf. Fi a`hogb`bhoadbfoth gf fovähs `ho vaihrfs gf`iaraghs dfgbaotf ia`rfs oh phgrá rfaibzarsf fo ias hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs, phr ih quf fi `ibfotf tfográ quf trafr fi foväh ya a`hogb`bhoagh gf fsta jhrda a ia hjb`boa.
@bota Pflurf Wapf >;=
- Jhrda gf `aea (Hkefth Asfluragh)5 Ias `aeas sfráo gf dftai h dagfra `ho uo fspfshr däobdh gf > dbiädftrhs, pfrjf`tadfotf `frragas y prhvbstas gf prf`both gf sflurbgag `hostbtubgh `ho uoa dar`a quf bgfotbjbquf ai rfdbtfotf (ohdkrf `hdpifth, razðo sh`bai h bob`baifs) h kbfo `ho uoa `bota gf sflurbgag dhgfih Pflurf Wapf >;= h sbdbiar, gf jhrda quf qufgfo sfiiagas thgas ia akfrturas gf ia `aea3 h kbfo `ho kradaotf jboh y sbo oughs, `ruzagh fo ias `aras supfrbhr f bojfrbhr, y `uatrh sfiihs gf ia`rf shkrf ias `aras iatfraifs `ho dar`a fspf`bai quf bgfotbjbquf ai rfdbtfotf. Fi a`hogb`bhoadbfoth gf ihs fovähs `ho vaihrfs gf`iaraghs `ho ia`rfs oh phgrá rfaibzarsf fo ias hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs, phr ih quf fi `ibfotf tfográ quf trafr fi foväh ya a`hogb`bhoagh gf fsta jhrda a ia hjb`boa. Pb fi `ibfotf sf prfsfota fo ia hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs `ho fi foväh sbo a`hogb`bhoar5 - Fo jhrda gf shkrf quf quf aphrta fi `ibfotf5 `ibfotf5 sb fi shkrf gfi gfi foväh fs `hosbstfotf `hosbstfotf y aparf`f nfrdâtb`adfotf `frragh, gf jhrda quf oh pufga sfr sustraägh su `hotfobgh sbo sfr gfstrubgh, sf `hdprhkará quf oh tbfof dar`as gf nakfr sbgh akbfrth y vufiths a `frrar. Pf agdbtf fi foväh `ho vaihr gf`iaragh, agnbrbfogh para fiih ia ftbqufta gf sfrvb`bh fo fi aovfrsh gfi foväh - @ho shkrf gf Pflurbdbob5 `uaogh fi shkrf h fdkaiaef quf prfsfota fi `ibfotf, oh rfõof laraotäas sujb`bfotfs para sfr `ursagh `hdh vaihr gf`iaragh, h fi `ibfotf oh gbsphof gf fdkaiaef, fi fdpifagh ja`bibtará fi shkrf gf sflurbgag (`ðgblh prhgu`th PFLV[BDBOB), y uoa vfz botrhgu`bgh fi `hotfobgh phr fi `ibfotf prh`fgfrá a `frrarih fo su prfsfo`ba. Pb sf prhgu`f ia vfota gf ailõo fdkaiaef sf `hkrará ai `ibfotf fi bdphrtf fstakif`bgh fo tarbjas,
70>
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
rflbstraogh ia hpfra`bðo gf vfota fo B[BP. Pf agdbtf fi foväh `ho vaihr gf`iaragh, agnbrbfogh para fiih ia ftbqufta gf sfrvb`bh fo fi aovfrsh gfi foväh.
Phkrf gf Pflurbgag Dbob
- @uaogh fi `ibfotf oh gbsphof gf fdkaiaef y fi hkefth oh fs phsbkif `ursarih kaeh fi shkrf gf Pflu-rbdbob5 fo fstf `ash fi hkefth a fovbar sf bo`iubrá fo ailuohs gf ihs fdkaiaefs (`aeas h shkrfs) quf gbsphof para ia vfota @hrrfhs. Voa vfz botrhgu`bgh fi `hotfobgh phr fi `ibfotf prh`fgfrá a `frrarih fo prfsfo`ba gfi pfrshoai gf agdbsbðo. Fo fi `bfrrf gf ias `aeas, sf nakrá `hdprhkagh quf ias shiapas botfroas gf ia `aea nao sbgh gfspiflagas, para bdpfgbr fi a``fsh ai botfrbhr phr ihs iatfraifs gf ia dbsda. Fo ia `ara prbo`bpai gf ia `aea h shkrf, sf agnfrbrá ia ftbqufta gf sfrvb`bh Pf `hkrará ai `ibfotf fi bdphrtf gfi fdkaiaef (`aea h shkrf), fstakif`bgh fo tarbjas, rflbstraogh ia hpfra`bðo gf vfota fo B[BP. Ihs fovähs gf Zaihrfs Gf`iaraghs oa`bhoaifs sf bgfotbjb`ao `ho ia bob`bai ’Z— y ihs fovähs botfroa`bhoaifs `ho ias sblias ’ZZ—.
7.6 @arta hrgboarba urlfotf Fstf tbph gf foväh pufgf fotrar fo fi `br`ubth a travâs gf ihs pufsths gf agdbsbðo h dfgbaotf ihs kuzhofs ukb`aghs fo ia prhpba hjb`boa y fo ailuoa gf ias dáquboas fxpfogfghras gf fstadpbiias (sflõo dhgfih) gf ush põkib`h. Ias `artas sf agdbtfo fo ia hjb`boa a travâs gf Brbs, fo fi prh`fsh gf agdbsbðo fi sbstfda lfofra fi oõdfrh aparf`bfogh âstf fo ia ftbqufta gf jraoqufh. Fi oõdfrh para fi `ibfotf aparf`f fo fi tb`cft gf `aea. Ias `artas urlfotfs hrgboarbas, agdbtbgas fo hjb`boas auxbibarfs h PP[[ nao gf iifvar uoa ftbqufta authagnfsbva fo fi áoluih supfrbhr bzqubfrgh gfi aovfrsh.
fgbthrbai } `fp
702
Wfda <
Fo fiia jblura ia bos`rbp`bðo "@A[WA V[LFOWF OA@BHOAI", fi oõdfrh y fi `ðgblh gf karras bgfotbjb`ao `aga uoh gf ihs i hs fovähs. fo vähs. Ia partf bzqubfrga sf agnbfrf a ia `arta y ia i a partf gfrf`na gf ia ftbqufta sf gfsprfogf y sf fotrfla ai `ibfotf, qubfo phgrá utbibzarih para fi phstfrbhr sflubdbfoth gfi foväh.
7.: @arta urlfotf botfroa`bhoai Fo ia agdbsbðo gfsgf Brbs sf lfofra uoa ftbqufta gf jraoqufh fo ia quf aparf`f fi ihlh gf fxprâs, gb`na ftbqufta sf agnbfrf fo fi aoluih supfrbhr gfrf`nh gfi foväh, sbfdprf quf sfa phsbkif, para ja`bibtar ia `iasbjb`a`bðo authdátb`a. Ias `artas agdbtbgas dfgbaotf aikaráo nao gf trafr agnfrbga h sf if agnbfrf uoa ftbqufta gf "F^][FP" ai bluai quf na gf na`frsf `ho ias `artas agdbtbgas phr ihs PP[[, fsta ftbqufta na gf br fo fi áoluih supfrbhr bzqubfrgh gfi aovfrsh gfi foväh, sb sf `arf`f gf fsta ftbqufta sf pufgf fs`rbkbr ia paiakra "F^][FP" (fo rheh y fo dayõs`uias)
77=
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
7.< @arta `frtbjb`aga urlfotf Ia agdbsbðo gf fsths fovähs sf rfaibza ih dbsdh quf fi gf `arta `frtbjb`aga, tfobfogh fo `ufota sus `ara`tfrästb`as5 - Ádkbth5 ¼ Oa`bhoai (Fspaña, Aoghrra) ¼ Botfroa`bhoai (Uhoa 1 Furhpa bo`iubga Lrhfoiaogba, Uhoa ;5 rfsth gf paäsfs quf quf agdbtao fstf sfrvb`bh) - Pfrvb`bhs Agb`bhoaifs5 ¼ Avbsh gf rf`bkh, ]FF, Zaihr Gf`iaragh
A. Oa`bhoai Pf gfkfrá agnfrbr fo fi áoluih supfrbhr bzqubfrgh ia ftbqufta @V, quf lfofra fi sbstfda fo ias agdbsbhofs uobtarbas, sb ia agdbsbðo fs dõitbpif sf agnfrbrá fo fi áoluih supfrbhr gfrf`nh gfi aovfrsh gfi foväh ia ftbqufta gf ’@F[WBJB@AGH V[LFOWF— gfstboaga ai fjf`th.
K. Botfroa`bhoai Pf gfkfráo agnfrbr fo fi áoluih supfrbhr gfrf`nh gfi aovfrsh gfi foväh ia ftbqufta [J, quf lfofra fi sbstfda quf agfdás iifva bo`hrphragh fi ihlh gf "fxprfs" para ias agdbsbhofs uobtarbas.
fgbthrbai } `fp
771
Wfda <
7.> ]aq Iblnt Pustbtuyf ai @VB. Bogb`agh para ihs fovähs gf gh`udfoths h dfr`ao`äas gf ph`h pfsh, nasta ; cl, fo ihs quf fi `ibfotf gfdaogf urlfo`ba fo ia fotrfla. Wbfof trazakbibgag nasta su fotrfla. @hotfobgh gf ph`h vaihr quf oh rfqubfra jbrda fo ia fotrfla. Ai sfr uo prhgu`th gf fotrfla sbo jbrda oh `ufota `ho laraotäa fo `ash gf pârgbga h fxtraväh. Gbdfosbhofs dáxbdas5 Iarlh+aith+ao`nh4 2= `ds. sbo quf ia dayhr fx`fga gf := `ds. ]ufgf rfaibzarsf GVA gf fxphrta`bðo para tfr`frhs paäsfs (ia hpfratbva gfi GVA oh `adkba `ho rfspf`th a htrhs fovähs). Ia ftbqufta gfi paquftf Iblnt iifva bo`hrphragh fi @O;; `uaogh fi vaihr gf ia dfr`ao`äa sfa bojfrbhr a 0<1,66 furhs. Pb fi vaihr gf ia dfr`ao`äa tbfof uo vaihr supfrbhr a 0<1,66 furhs sf bdprbdbrá uo @O;0 phr gupib`agh quf fi `ibfotf na gf jbrdar.
6. AGDBPBÐO ]AQVFWF[ÄA LFOÂ[B@A Ia agdbsbðo gf ia paquftfräa sf rfaibza gf jhrda gblbtaibzaga oh fs of`fsarbh quf fi `ibfotf rfiifof ihs gaths fo uo bdprfsh ya quf fi hpfraghr tbfof quf lrakarihs fo fi sbstfda. Ai gar gf aita fi foväh aparf`f fo ia takifta gblbtaibzaghra ihs gaths gfi foväh, fi `ibfotf vfrbjb`a quf sho `hrrf`ths, jbrda fi `hojhrdf y ia a`fpta`bðo gfi `hogb`bhoagh. Fi oõdfrh gf foväh ih lfofra fi sbstfda uoa vfz sf na gagh gf aita fo Brbs. Voa vfz gagh gf aita fo Brbs fi foväh, fo ia ftbqufta quf lfofra fi sbstfda aparf`f fi oõdfrh, âsta sf agnbfrf ai paquftf gf jhrda quf qufgf pfrjf`tadfotf iflbkif ya quf fo fiia vao ihs gaths of`fsarbhs para fi `ursh, fotrfla y sflubdbfoth gfi foväh. Pb fi paquftf azui fs gf `ibfotfs `ho `hotrath agdbtbgh phr aikarao, ia ftbqufta quf gfkf iifvar agnfrbga fs ia ftbqufta gf ]. Azui.
6.1 Agdbsbðo gf paquftfräa botfroa`bhoai (lfoârb`a) (lfoârb`a) ]ara ia agdbsbðo gf ia paquftfräa Botfroa`bhoai, fi hpfraghr lraka fo Brbs ihs gaths `hdpifths gf5 - [fdbtfotf. - Gfstboatarbh. - @hotfobgh gfi foväh. Fi oõdfrh gfi foväh ih lfofra fi sbstfda uoa vfz sf na gagh gf aita fo Brbs. Fo ihs fovähs gbrblbghs a Vobðo Furhpfa gfsgf ]foäosuia y Kaifarfs ai tfrdboar ia agdbsbðo fi sbstfda lfofrará ia ’Ftbqufta `hdfr`bai `ho gf`iara`bðo gf `hotfobgh" quf tadkbâo 77;
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
sf bo`iubrá fo ia khisa gf gh`udfota`bðo aguaofra y vbaeará `ho fi foväh, para asä phgfr `hdprhkar fo phr partf gf Pflurbgag fi `hotfobgh gfi foväh sbfdprf quf ia bdalfo gfi fs`áofr oh sfa `iara. Voa vfz gagh gf aita fo Brbs fi foväh, fo ia ftbqufta quf lfofra fi sbstfda aparf`f fi oõdfrh, sf if agnbrf ai paquftf gf jhrda quf qufgf pfrjf`tadfotf iflbkif ya quf fo fiia vao ihs gaths of`fsarbhs para fi `ursh, fotrfla y sflubdbfoth gfi foväh. @uaogh fi foväh na sbgh agdbtbgh fo Brbs aparf`fo fo ia takifta gblbtaibzaghra ihs gaths lrakaghs para quf fi `ibfotf ihs vfrbjbquf y a`fptf `ho su jbrda. A `hotboua`bðo, sf bdprbdf ia ftbqufta gfi foväh y sf lfofra fi jhrduiarbh `ho ia `aptura gf ia jbrda gfi `ibfotf.
6.; Agdbsbðo ]aq 1=-17 -;7 @uaogh uo `ibfotf gfsfa quf sus fovähs, (gh`udfoths h dfr`ao`äas) sfao fotrflaghs `ho ia dáxbda urlfo`ba, tfofdhs ia phsbkbibgag gf hjrf`frif quf ihs foväf, sflõo fi gfstboh y urlfo`ba fo ia fotrfla, phr ias sblubfotfs dhgaibgagfs5
A. Fovähs oa`bhoaifs5 ]aq1=, ]aq17 ]aq17 h ]aq;7 nhras Fi ]aq 1= tbfof `hdprhdbsh gf pufsta a gbsphsb`bðo gfi `ibfotf ai sblubfotf gäa iakhrakif gf su agdbsbðo, aotfs gf ias 1= gf ia dañaoa. Fi ]aq 17 tbfof `hdprhdbsh gf pufsta a gbsphsb`bðo gfi `ibfotf, aotfs gf ias 17 nhras gfi sblubfotf gäa iakhrakif gf su agdbsbðo. Fi ]aq ;7 tbfof `hdprhdbsh gf pufsta a gbsphsb`bðo gfi `ibfotf, ai sblubfotf gäa iakhrakif ai gf su agdbsbðo.
K. Fovähs botfroa`bhoaifs5 botfroa`bhoaifs5 @ho fdkaiaefs ibkrf ibkrf sfrvb`bh y ]aq ;7 ;7 para ]hrtulai Fi sbstfda bojhrda gf ia jf`na fstbdaga gf tráosbth. Fo ia paotaiia gf agdbsbðo, ai sfif``bhoar ia ih`aibgag gf gfstboh, aparf`f uo dfosaef bogb`aogh fi gäa gf fotrfla. ]ara quf sf `udpia `ho fsta `aibgag gfkfo nakfr sbgh agdbtbghs aotfs gf5 - 1< nhras fo hjb`boas quf tfolao turoh gf targf. - 17 nhras fo hjb`boas quf tfolao turoh gf dañaoa. @aga hjb`boa gfkf sakfr `hdh sf `ursao fsths fovähs, ai akrbr ia apib`a`bðo gf @hrrfhs Fxprfss fstá bogb`agh fo ia paotaiia. ]ara agdbtbr fstf tbph gf fovähs sf a``fgf a ia apib`a`bðo gf @hrrfhs Fxprfss gfsgf ia pálboa prbo`bpai gf Brbs na`bfogh ia iiadaga a travâs gf iiadagas fxtfroas. Voa vfz fo ia apib`a`bðo, sf pufgf fiflbr fi paäs gf gfstboh5 Fspaña h ]hrtulai, a `hotboua`bðo, sf botrhgu`fo `ðgblh phstai gf gfstboh, oõdfrh gf kuiths, pfsh, pfsh vhiudâtrb`h y ia apib`a`bðo gfvufivf fi bdphrtf gfi foväh sflõo sfa5
fgbthrbai } `fp
770
Wfda <
]aq1=, 17 h ;7, (sb sf fiblf `hdh gfstboh ]hrtulai, fi õob`h prhgu`th quf sf a`tbva fs fi ]aq ;7) y uoa vfz fiflbgh fi prhgu`th phr fi `ibfotf sf pasa a lrakar ihs gaths. Pf lrakao ihs gaths gf rfdbtfotf y gfstboatarbh (fo fi `adph tfiâjhoh gfi gfstboatarbh sf pufgf botrhgu`br uo oõdfrh gf tfiâjhoh jbeh). Pbfdprf sf na gf lrakar fi tfiâjhoh gf rfdbtfotf y gfstboatarbh para phgfr shivfotar, sbo pfrgfr jf`na, `uaiqubfr bo`bgfo`ba fo ia fotrfla. Pf pufgfo lrakar `bo`h kuiths phr fxpfgb`bðo, `ho uo pfsh thtai gf 1== cbihs y pfsh uobtarbh dáxbdh 0=, fi pfsh oh sf `aptura gf ia Fpfisa authdátb`adfotf, ya quf sf trata gf uoa apib`a`bðo fxtfroa a Brbs. Pfrvb`bhs agb`bhoaifs quf pufgfo tfofr5 - [ffdkhish. ]ufgf agdbtbrsf agdbtbrsf nasta uo vaihr gf ;.722 ₩ phr fxpfgb`bðo, ia jhrda gf akhoh ai rfdbtfotf sbfdprf sfrá phr `ufota `hrrbfotf, phr ih quf fs bdprfs`bogbkif lrakar fi oõdfrh gf `ufota gf bolrfsh. - Pflurh. ]ufgf asflurarsf ia fxpfgb`bðo phr uo vaihr vaihr gf nasta :.=== :.=== ₩. - Fotrfla fo sákagh, sðih para para fi ]aq ]aq 17 Pf pufgfo agdbtbr fovähs gbrblbghs a5 - Apartaghs gf @hrrfhs5 ]ara fiih sf dar`a fsta hp`bðo fo ia apib`a`bðo y sf botrhgu`f fi oõdfrh gf apartagh y `ðgblh phstai gf gfstboh y ia apib`a`bðo gfvufivf ia hjb`boa fo ia quf sf fo`ufotra fi apartagh. - @fotrh ]fobtfo`barbh5 @uaogh ihs fovähs iifvfo `hdh gbrf``bðo uo @fotrh pfobtfo`barbh, gfkf gftaiiarsf fo fi `adph Hksfrva`bhofs5 ia `hotrasfña h `iavf gfi botfroh (quf gfkfrá ja`bibtar fi rfdbtfotf) y agvfrtbr ai rfdbtfotf quf nay ailuohs `fotrhs pfobtfo`barbhs quf oh agdbtfo fovähs. Pbfdprf gfkf lrakarsf fi tfiâjhoh gfi rfdbtfotf. Oh sf pufgfo fdbtbr fovähs `ho gfstboh Ibsta gf @hrrfhs.
@. Lraka`bðo gaths Ia apib`a`bðo tf shib`btará uoa sfrbf gf gaths hkiblathrbhs, `ho ihs quf sf rfaibzará fi `ái`uih gfi prf`bh gfi foväh5 - Apartaghs phstaifs5 apartagh phstai ai quf sf va a fovbar fi foväh. Fsta hp`bðo pfrdbtf quf fi gfstboatarbh gfi foväh sfa uo apartagh phstai. - ]aäs5 paäs paäs ai `uai sf va a rfaibzar fi foväh. Pb su su`ursai hjrf`f sfrvb`bhs botfroa`bhoaifs, phgrá sfif``bhoar `uaiqubfr paäs. - @. ]hstai / Ih`aibgag5 `ðgblh phstai h ih`aibgag quf bogbquf fi rfdbtfotf. - Kuiths5 oõdfrh gf kuiths gfi foväh. - @ho fdkaiaef5 shkrf shkrf h `aea gf fdkaiaef `hrphratbvh3 sb sfif``bhoa fsta hp`bðo, fi pfsh y ihs kuiths gfi foväh oh sfráo of`fsarbhs. - ]fsh5 pfsh fo lradhs gfi foväh. - Dfgbgas Aith/Ao`nh/Jhogh5 dfgbgas gfi paquftf h ia dfr`ao`äa quf sf gfsfa gfsfa traosphrtar, fxprfsagas fo `fotädftrhs. 777
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Botrhgu`br ihs gaths kásb`hs para rfaibzar ia Pbduia`bðo. Pb fi `ibfotf na hptagh phr ia hp`bðo gf ’`ho fdkaiaef—, oh nará jaita rfiifoar ihs kuiths y fi pfsh gfi foväh, pufsth quf âsths ya sf nao gfjbobgh sflõo ia hp`bðo gfsfaga. Ihs gaths gfi rfdbtfotf a `udpibdfotar sfráo5 - Wij. Dðvbi5 tfiâjhoh dðvbi gfi rfdbtfotf. Fstf Fstf gath qufgará rflbstragh, phr ih quf quf `uaogh tfola quf rfaibzar uo oufvh foväh gfi dbsdh rfdbtfotf, `ho botrhgu`brih fi sbstfda dhstrará fi rfsth gf ia bojhrda`bðo. - Ohdkrf5 ohdkrf gfi rfdbtfotf. - @hota`th5 pfrshoa gf `hota`th. - F-dabi5 `hrrfh fif`trðob`h gfi rfdbtfotf. - @. ]hstai/Ih`aibgag5 @ðgblh ]hstai gfi rfdbtfotf. - Gbrf``bðo y Oõdfrh5 ghdb`bibh gfi rfdbtfotf. - Ohtas5 bojhrda`bðo agb`bhoai - H`uitar gaths gfi rfdbtfotf fo ftbqufta5 sb sfif``bhoa fsta hp`bðo, ihs gaths gfi rfdbtfotf oh aparf`fráo fo ia ftbqufta gfi foväh. Ihs gaths gfi gfstboatarbh a `udpibdfotar sfráo5 - Wij. Dðvbi5 tfiâjhoh dðvbi gfi gfstboatarbh. - Ohdkrf5 ohdkrf gfi gfstboatarbh. - @hota`th5 pfrshoa gf `hota`th. - F-dabi5 `hrrfh fif`trðob`h gfi gfstboatarbh. - @. ]hstai/Ih`aibgag5 @ðgblh ]hstai gfi gfstboatarbh. - Gbrf``bðo y Oõdfrh5 ghdb`bibh gfi gfstboatarbh. - @ðgblh @hota`th5 fsta hp`bðo pfrdbtf luargar ihs gfstboatarbhs quf gfsff, quf qufgaráo rflbstraghs `hdh `hota`ths. ]ara fiih sðih na gf botrhgu`br kbfo uo oõdfrh para bgfotbjb`ar fi `hota`th (1, ;, 0...o) h su `ðgblh phstai y puisar ’Luargar @hota`th—. ]ara rf`upfrar uo `hota`th luargagh prfvbadfotf, sðih na gf botrhgu`br h fi @ðgblh gf @hota`th h fi @ðgblh ]hstai y sfif``bhoar ia iupa ]ara shib`btar ia ja`tura sf na`f ai tfrdboar ia lraka`bðo gfi foväh, adpibaogh ihs gaths quf shib`btf ia apib`a`bðo para phgfr fxpfgbria, y sf lfofra authdátb`adfotf phr ia bdprfshra gfi sbstfda, phr ih quf fi `ibfotf sf ia iifva fo fi dhdfoth. Pb ai agdbtbr fi foväh sf hivbga shib`btar ia ja`tura, sf pufgf shib`btar a phstfrbhrb gfsgf ia apib`a`bðo, sblubfogh ias bostru``bhofs gfi daouai gf usuarbh5 JA@WV[AP GF FOZÄHP quf aparf`f arrbka fo ia paotaiia gf ia apib`a`bðo, `hdh fi rfsth gf daouaifs. Pb fi `ibfotf ia shib`bta y sf if fxtraväa tadkbâo sf pufgf vhivfr a shib`btar, bluaidfotf ias bostru``bhofs fstáo fo fi daouai. Voa vfz lrakaghs thghs ihs gaths y `hdprhkaghs `ho fi `ibfotf quf sho `hrrf`ths, sf agdbtf fi foväh y sf foväa ia hrgfo gf bdprfsbðo gf ia ftbqufta a ia bdprfshra gf ftbquftas. Pf bdprb-
fgbthrbai } `fp
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Wfda <
[f`ufrgf Ihs fovähs sf `hotfofrbzaráo fo kaogfeas h ai gfs`ukbfrth sflõo tadañh, fo âsths sf agnfrbrá uoa ftbqufta gf @nrhoh `fr`a gf IA FWBQVFWA gf gbrf``bðo para quf pufgao sfr ih`aibzaghs `ho ja`bibgag fo ihs `fotrhs gf tratadbfoth. 77:
dfo taotas ftbquftas `hdh kuiths tfola ia fxpfgb`bðo. A `hotboua`bðo, sf bdprbdf fi rfsluargh phr quf sf fotrfla ai `ibfotf. Pb `uaogh sf na bdprfsh ia ftbqufta, sf `hdprufka quf nay ailõo frrhr, fxbstf ia hp`bðo gf dhgbjb`ar y vhivfr a bdprbdbr uoa oufva ftbqufta y rfsluargh. Pf `hdprufka `ho fi `ibfotf quf thghs ihs gaths sho `hrrf`ths. Gf oufvh nay quf puisar "Lrakar Foväh", aparf`f fo paotaiia uo dfosaef quf bogb`a quf sf na fovbagh fi rfsluargh a ia bdprfshra y quf a `hotboua`bðo sf bdprbdbrá ia ftbqufta. Phih sf bdprbdf uoa `hpba gfi rfsluargh quf sf fotrfla ai `ibfotf, ia hjb`boa oh tbfof quf qufgarsf `ho obolõo rfsluargh. Voa vfz agdbtbgh fi foväh, authdátb`adfotf ia apib`a`bðo lfofra uoa hrgfo gf rf`hlbga fo @hrrfhs Fxprfss, quf ia rfphrta tadkbâo gf jhrda authdátb`a ai rutfrh quf tfola asbloaga fsa hjb`boa. Ouo`a gfkfráo pasar a rf`hlfr ihs fovähs aotfs gf ia nhra gf `aibgag, fs gf`br, ias 1< nhras h ias 17 nhras. Fi `ursh gf ihs fovähs fs gbjfrfotf sflõo fi nhrarbh gf ia hjb`boa5 - Whgas ias hjb`boas `ho turoh gf targf, ihs fovähs sho rf`hlbgh phr pfrshoai gf @hrrfhs Fxprfss. - Ias hjb`boas gf `apbtai `apbtai gf prhvbo`ba `ho turoh gf dañaoa tadkbâo sho rf`hlbgas phr pfrshoai gf @hrrfhs Fxprfss, sbfdprf aotfs gf ias 16 nhras. Fo fstas hjb`boas sb iiflaga fsta nhra oh na pasagh fi rutfrh gf @hrrfhs Fxprfss, "fxtrahrgboarbadfotf" sf `ursaráo phr ia ruta prhvbo`bai gf @hrrfhs, para asflurar quf oh pbfrgfo jf`na gf `aibgag. - [fsth gf hjb`boas `ho turoh gf dañaoa, sf `ursao ihs fovähs a travâs gf ia ruta prhvbo`bai gf @hrrfhs. @hdh sf na bogb`agh, `aga hjb`boa gfkf sakfr `hdh sf `ursao fsths fovähs ya quf ai akrbr ia apib`a`bðo gf @hrrfhs Fxprfss fstá bogb`agh fo ia paotaiia. Ias hjb`boas quf `ursao ihs fovähs phr ia ruta prhvbo`bai gf @hrrfhs, ihs bo`iubráo fo uo `hotfofghr fx`iusbvh, bgfotbjb`áoghihs pfrjf`tadfotf `ho ia ftbqufta fx`iusbva gf @hrrfhs Fxprfss.
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
6.0 ]aq [fthroh ]rhgu`th fspf`baidfotf pfosagh para fi `aoai @;K (gf partb`uiar a fdprfsa) gf jhrda quf ihs gfstboatarbhs gf ihs prhgu`ths gbspholao gf uo `aoai `ðdhgh y a``fsbkif para fi rfthroh gf ihs fovähs `ho `arlh a uo `ibfotf gf `hotrath. @hrrfsphogfrá ai `ibfotf gf @hrrfhs, gftrafr h oh gfi bdphrtf a rffdkhisar, fi `hstf gf gfvhiu`bðo, gf a`ufrgh a su phiätb`a gf gfvhiu`bhofs.
A. Jhrda gf palh ]alh Gbjfrbgh, phr fi `ibfotf. Fsths fovähs ouo`a sfráo gf palh ai `hotagh. Fi foväh gf rfthroh phgrá sfr ja`turagh h ’`arlagh— a uo `ðgblh ftbquftaghr (`hotrath) bluai h gbjfrfotf ai gfi foväh gf ’bga—.
K. ]rhgu`ths gf paquftfräa Apib`akif ai ]aq Fstaogar fo thgas sus dhgaibgagfs y ai ]aq ]rfdbuo.
@. Dhgaibgagfs gf gbstrbku`bðo Pbfdprf `ho fotrfla a ghdb`bibh. @ðgblh gf foväh fdpbfza phr IB5 Pf prfrrflbstra sbduitáofadfotf fi foväh gf bga, asä `hdh fi foväh gf uoa phsbkif gfvhiu`bðo (IB). ]hr ih taoth, ia bga gfi foväh sf na rfaibzagh `ho @hrrfhs a travâs gf ]aq Fstaogar h ]aq ]rfdbuo. Pbfdprf `ho prfrrflbstrh.
@ðgblh gf foväh fdpbfza phr I05 @uaogh fi foväh gf ’Bga— sf na fotrflagh phr htrh hpfraghr h nakbfogh sbgh trakaeaga ia bga phr @hrrfhs, ia vufita (rfthroh) sf na prfrrflbstragh gf jhrda bogfpfogbfotf. Pbfdprf `ho prfrrflbstrh.
fgbthrbai } `fp
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Wfda <
@ðgblh gf foväh fdpbfza phr PO5 @uaogh fi foväh gf ’Bga— sf na fotrflagh phr htrh hpfraghr h nakbfogh sbgh trakaeaga ia bga phr @hrrfhs, ia vufita (rfthroh) sf prhgu`f gf jhrda bogfpfogbfotf. Pbfdprf sbo prfrrflbstrh.
G. Fdkaiaef Agdbtf fdkaiaefs a `arlh gfi `hotrath. Fi `ibfotf phgrá authrbzar fi ush gf fdkaiaefs gf @hrrfhs `ho `arlh a su `hotrath para su ush fo ia agdbsbðo gfi foväh, taoth `ho h sbo prfrrflbstrh. Voa vfz authrbzagh, qufgará a `rbtfrbh gfi agdbshr fi ush gfi dás agf`uagh sflõo sf gbsphola fo ia hjb`boa y sflõo fi tadañh gf ia dfr`ao`äa a gfvhivfr, gfotrh gf ihs fdkaiaefs 77>
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
pfrdbtbghs para fsths prhgu`ths, sbo pfreub`bh gf quf fi `ibfotf pufga prfs`rbkbr h rf`hdfogar fi ush gf ailõo tbph gftfrdboagh.
F. @hosbgfra`bhofs prfvbas a ia agdbsbðo a. Fovähs prfrrflbstraghs5 IB, I0 Fi rfdbtfotf gf ia Ihlästb`a Bovfrsa phgrá prfsfotarsf `ho fi foväh kaeh ias sblubfotfs dhgaibgagfs5 - @ho ftbqufta prfbdprfsa phr fi gfphsbtaotf. - Pbo ftbqufta y `ho `ðgblh gf fovbð (IB.....^^ h I0....^^) ja`bibtagh ja`bibtagh phr fi rfdbtfotf. Ia bdprfsbðo gf ia ftbqufta sf rfaibza fo ia Hjb`boa. - Pbo ftbqufta y `ho rfjfrfo`ba botfroa gfi `ibfotf. Ia bdprfsbðo gf ia ftbqufta sf rfaibza fo ia Hjb`boa. Fi agdbshr rflbstra fo B[BP fi `ðgblh gf foväh h rfjfrfo`ba botfroa gf authrbza`bðo para vfrbjb`ar quf sf gbsphof gf bojhrda`bðo prfrrflbstraga fo fi sbstfda y quf fsta sf fo`ufotra vblfotf, fs gf`br quf oh na vfo`bgh fi piazh bojhrdagh phr fi `ibfotf para ia agdbsbðo gfi foväh. Fi agdbshr prh`fgfrá a `hdprhkar fi a`hogb`bhoadbfoth lfofrai gf ihs fovähs, fstagh, pfsh, gbdfosbhofs dáxbdas y däobdas, `iarbgag gf ia ftbqufta y @ðgblh gf Karras. Fi sbstfda gf agdbsbðo `hdprhkará sb fo fi prfrrflbstrh vbfof authrbzagh fi ush gf fdkaia efs, fo `uyh `ash bojhrdará ai agdbshr para quf fo fstf `ash fibea fi fdkaiaef pfrdbtbgh dás aprhpbagh ai foväh, y prh`fgfrá a dar`ar gb`nh tbph gf fdkaiaef fo fi foväh para su phsbkif ja`tura`bðo. Fo fi `ash gf fovähs gfstboh @aoarbas, @futa, Dfibiia y Aoghrra, sf `hdprhkará quf sf prfsfota `ho ia gh`udfota`bðo aguaofra of`fsarba `hrrf`tadfotf `udpibdfotaga. Ia fxbstfo`ba gf bojhrda`bðo prfvba sfrá rfqubsbth bogbspfosakif para ia agdbsbðo gf ihs fovähs. Fo `ash gf quf fi prfrrflbstrh fstf `agu`agh, fi prhpbh sbstfda bojhrdará fo fi dhdfoth gf ia agdbsbðo gf fsta `br`uostao`ba.
k. Fovähs sbo ]rfrrflbstrh5 PO Fo fi `ash gf quf fi `ibfotf hptf phr fi dhgfih gf ’sbo prfrrflbstrh—, ias hjb`boas gf agdbsbðo tfográo fo fi prhpbh sbstfda ia rfia`bðo gf `ibfotfs y `ðgblhs ftbquftaghrfs quf fstáo authrbzaghs ai ush gf fsta dhgaibgag gf Ihlästb`a Bovfrsa. Fo fi `ash gf fovähs sbo prfrrflbstrh phgrfdhs tfofr ghs varbaotfs5 - Fi `ibfotf aphrta ftbqufta bdprfsa. Fi `ibfotf sf prfsfota `ho ia dfr`ao`äa y uoa ftbqufta prfbdprfsa phr âstf. (Dhgfih Adazho,Wfifjðob`a, Zfotf ]rbvff....) gf a`ufrgh a ias fspf`bjb`a`bhofs gf @hrrfhs para ia fstru`tura y iðlb`a gfi `ðgblh fo foväh. (@.]. gf gfstboh gfotrh gfi `ðgblh). Fi `ðgblh gf foväh `hdfozará sbfdprf `ho ias iftras PO. Fo fi puoth fgbthrbai } `fp
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gf agdbsbðo sf rflbstra fi foväh y sf pufgf lfofrar fi `hrrfsphogbfotf jhrduiarbh gf agdbsbðo, para fiih fi `ibfotf na gf jbrdar fo ia takifta. Pf `hosfrva para ia traza gfi foväh fi `ðgblh lfofragh phr fi `ibfotf. - Fi `ibfotf aphrta aphrta `hpba h pgj gfi D11A. Fi `ibfotf gf @hrrfhs ja`bibta ja`bibta uoa `hpba `hpba h pgj gfi gfi D11A, `ho ihs gaths gfi foväh. Fo fstf bdprfsh sf rf`hlfrá ai dfohs, fi `hotrath, `ibfotf, `ðgblh ftbquftaghr ai quf ja`turar fi foväh, tbph gf prhgu`th, dhgaibgag, gbrf``bðo gf gfstboh y rfjfrfo`ba botfroa gfi `ibfotf. Fsta rfjfrfo`ba phgrá sfr rflbstraga fo B[BP fo fi dhdfoth gf ia agdbsbðo y fs fo fstf dhdfoth `uaogh lfofradhs fi `ðgblh gf foväh gf a`ufrgh a ia iðlb`a y fstru`tura gf @hrrfhs, asä `hdh ia bdprfsbðo gf ia ftbqufta. Fsta rfjfrfo`ba botfroa gfi `ibfotf qufgará ash`baga ai oõdfrh gf foväh, gf jhrda quf fstf sf gfvhivfrá ai `ibfotf phr fi jb`nfrh gf rfthroh y sfrá phsbkif `hosuitaria fo ia \fk gf @hrrfhs. Fi `ðgblh gf foväh `hdfozará `ho ias iftras PO. Fi sbstfda gf agdbsbðo `hdprhkará sb fi `ibfotf tbfof authrbzagh fi ush gf fdkaiaefs, fo `uyh `ash bojhrdará ai agdbshr para quf fo fsf `ash fibea fi fdkaiaef pfrdbtbgh dás aprhpbagh ai foväh, y prh`fgfrá a dar`ar gb`nh tbph gf fdkaiaef fo fi foväh para su phstfrbhr ja`tura`bðo. A `hotboua`bðo `hotboua`bðo fi `ibfotf jbrdará fo ia takifta y sf bdprbdf fi jhrduiarbh gf agdbsbðo para fotrflar ai `ibfotf.
J. ]rh`fgbdbfoth hpfratbvh gf agdbsbðo a. Agdbsbðo gf uo foväh `ho prfrrflbstragh Ihs fovähs gf Ihlästb`a Bovfrsa `ho prfrrflbstrh, IB y I0, sf pufgfo agdbtbr bogbstbotadfotf gfsgf ia paotaiia gf agdbsbðo gf fovähs `ho prfrrflbstrh h gfsgf fi a``fsh a prhgu`ths gf Ihlästb`a Bovfrsa. Oh hkstaotf, sf rf`hdbfoga a``fgfr phr ia paotaiia gf agdbsbðo gf fovähs prfrrflbstraghs.
A``fsh gfsgf ia paotaiia gf fovähs prfrrflbstraghs.
76=
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
A``fsh gfsgf fi khtðo gf Ihlästb`a Bovfrsa
Voa vfz ifägh fi `ðgblh gfi foväh (IB h I0), ai fstar prfrrflbstragh, fi sbstfda ohs gfvufivf ia bojhrda`bðo. Ihs õob`hs `adphs quf sho fgbtakifs sho ihs gfi pfsh y pfsh vhiudâtrb`h.
Ihs `adphs gf pfsh y pfsh vhiudâtrb`h sho dhgbjb`akifs. Fi `nf`c gf rfbdprfsbðo gf ftbqufta y vaibga`bðo gf D11A pfrdaof`fo sbo dar`ar. @uaogh dhgbjb`adhs fi pfsh, fi sbstfda dar`a fsths `nf`c, ya quf, fo fstf `ash, nay quf rfbdprbdbr ia ftbqufta para quf dufstrf fi pfsh `hrrf`th.
fgbthrbai } `fp
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Ia agdbsbðo gf ihs prhgu`ths gf Ihlästb`a Bovfrsa prfrrflbstraghs (IB - I0) sf rfaibzará bluai quf fi rfsth gf ihs prhgu`ths prfrrflbstraghs.
k. Agdbsbðo gf uo foväh sbo prfrrflbstrh Ihs fovähs gf Ihlästb`a Bovfrsa sbo prfrrflbstrh, sbfdprf fdpbfzao phr PO. Ai oh fstar prfrrflbstraghs, nay quf botrhgu`br ihs gaths fo Brbs para prh`fgfr a su agdbsbðo. ]ara fsths fovähs, sbfdprf nay quf a``fgfr phr fi khtðo gf Ihlästb`a Bovfrsa.
]ara ia Ihlästb`a Bovfrsa sbo prfrrflbstrh (PO) fi `ibfotf pufgf aphrtar D11A `ho ihs gaths a lrakar h ftbqufta prfbdprfsa. @uaogh aphrta fi oh gf `ðgblh gf foväh (ftbqufta), ai botrhgu`brih fo Brbs, fi sbstfda gfvufivf ihs gaths gf `hotrath y `ibfotf.
76;
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Fo `uaiqubfra gf ihs `ashs, nay quf `udpibdfotar thghs ihs gaths (pfstaña gf vaihrfs añagbghs y gaths gf gfstboatarbh y rfdbtfotf)
@ho fi `nf`c gf rfbdprfsbðo gf ftbqufta y vaibga`bðo gf D11A dar`aghs, puisadhs A`fptar para jboaibzar ia agdbsbðo fo fstf dhdfoth fi `ibfotf na gf jbrdar fo ia takifta y sf lfofra ia ftbqufta y fi jhrduiarbh gf agdbsbðo para fotrflar ai `ibfotf, ya quf oh sf vaibga fi D-11A.
`. Fovähs `ho fdkaiaefs Ia dhgaibgag gf Ihlästb`a Bovfrsa pfrdbtf ia vfota gf fdkaiaefs ash`baghs ai prhgu`th y sbfdprf a `arlh gf uo `hotrath, phr ih quf ouo`a nay quf `hkrarih ai `hotagh. @uaiqubfr
fgbthrbai } `fp
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dhgaibgag (`ho prfrrflbstrh ‐IB h I0 h sbo prfrrflbstrh ‐PO) pufgfo br ash`baghs a uo fdkaiaef. @uaogh fi foväh iifvf bo`hrphragh fdkaiaef sf nakbibta fi gfspiflakif para sfif``bhoar fi tbph gf fdkaiaef gfi gfspiflakif Fsths fdkaiaefs shih pufgfo utbibzarsf para ihs fovähs quf vao a gfphsbtarsf. Fo `ash gf quf oh naya fxbstfo`bas gfi fdkaiaef shib`btagh, fi sbstfda bojhrda. Fi fdkaiaef ih fiflbrá fi `ibfotf quf gfphsbta fi foväh gf ia ibsta gfspiflakif. Fo ihs bojhrdfs gf vfotas gf Brbs, sf gftaiiao fstas vfotas gf fdkaiaefs, dhstraogh gf jhrda sfparaga ias vfotas ai `hotagh y ias vfotas a `arlh gf uo `hotrath.
6.7 ]aq Kb`b`ifta A. Agdbsbðo Oa`bhoai ]ara agdbtbr uo ]aq Kb`b`ifta sf nao gf rfaibzar ghs pashs5 - Zfota gfi fdkaiaef5 @aea kb`b`ifta. - Agdbsbðo gf gf uo ]aq ]aq Fstáogar (ibkrf gf sfrvb`bh). A``fgfdhs a ia paotaiia gf agdbsbðo gf ’fovähs phstaifs— fo B[BP, y gfotrh gf fsta a ia agdbsbðo gf ]aq Fstáogar phobfogh uo pfsh gf ;= cbihs. A `hotboua`bðo, sf sfif``bhoa ]a`c ibkrf sfrvb`bh y sf fiblf5 ]aq Kb`b`ifta <;. Ai fiflbrih `adkba fi bdphrtf gfi sflurh a 0== ₩ y sf akrf uo gfspiflakif gf Wbfdph fo ibsta `ho varbas hp`bhofs. ]hr gfjf`th sho ihs 16 gäas gfi ]aq Fstáogar, pfrh `hdh hp`bðo tfográ ;=, 0= h := gäas gf pfrdaofo`ba fo Ibsta, `uaogh fibea uoh u htrh pfrähgh, fi prf`bh gfi ]aq kb`b`ifta sf bo`rfdfotará sflõo ia tarbja gfi pfrähgh gf pfrdaofo`ba fo ibsta. Fiblbfogh fi pfrähgh gf 16 gäas5 Fi prf`bh sf daotbfof. Ia tarbja quf aparf`f fo ia agdbsbðo gfi ]aq kb`b`ifta <; fs ia hktfobga gf rfstar ai thtai fi bdphrtf gfi fdkaiaef, gf tai jhrda quf uoa vfz agdbtbgh fi ]aq gf ibkrf sfrvb`bh, ai `hkrar ia khisa ohs aparf`fráo ihs `ho`fpths a `hkrar. Fo fi `ash gf nakfr fiflbgh `uaiqubfr htrh tbfdph gf pfrdaofo`ba fo ibsta fo fi gfslihsf gf ia khisa aparf`frá fi bdphrtf gf ia tarbja gfi tbfdph fiflbgh.
K. Agdbsbðo Botfroa`bhoai Ia agdbsbðo sf rfaibza gfsgf ia paotaiia gf ]aquftf botfroa`bhoai F`hoðdb`h. Voa vfz sf phola fi pfsh gf ;= cbihs, sf gfspiflará ia phsbkbibgag gf `nfc gf ]a`c Ibkrf Pfrvb`bh ghogf fiflbrfdhs ’]AQ kb`b`ifta f`hoðdb`h ]hrtulai—, h Jrao`ba h [fsth fo juo`bðo gfi paäs fiflbgh. Fo fstf `ash oh sf gfspiflará oboluoa hp`bðo gf pfrdaofo`ba fo ibsta, dar`áoghsf fi bdphrtf gfi sflurh gf 0== ₩. 767
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Pf `hdpiftao ias pfstañas gf Gfstboatarbh y [fdbtfotf y ia gf `hotfobgh gfi foväh. Ai oh nakfr fo fi gfspiflakif gf gfs`rbp`bðo gf `hotfobgh kb`b`ifta, sf fiflbrá ’Artä`uihs gfphrtbvhs—.
6.6 Agdbsbðo fqubpaefs [fojf Fi sfrvb`bh sf pufgf `hotratar y dhgbjb`ar a travâs gf ia wfk www.rfojf.`hd nasta ias 1; nhras gfi gäa iakhrakif aotfrbhr a ia jf`na gf rf`hlbga gfi fqubpaef, y fi `ibfotf sfif``bhoa fi puoth gf rf`hlbga y fotrfla5 uo ghdb`bibh, uoa hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs, uo nhtfi, uoa fsta`bðo gf jfrrh`arrbi h aiiä ghogf gfsff. Ias daiftas sf agdbtfo, `hdh dáxbdh, nasta ghs nhras aotfs gf ia saibga gfi trfo. Ai rfaibzar ia ja`tura`bðo sf if lfofra uoa rfjfrfo`ba quf fs ia quf sf of`fsbta fo ia hjb`boa para rfaibzar ia agdbsbðo.
A. Hjb`boa gf agdbsbðo Fstf tbph gf fovähs para ias hjb`boas sho fovähs prfrrflbstraghs gf agdbsbðo phr rfjfrfo`ba. ]ufgfo sfr fovähs5 - Dhohkuith. - Duitbkuith, nasta vfbotbsbftf fovähs `ho uoa rfjfrfo`ba. Fi sfrvb`bh gf [FOJF Fqubpaefs pfrdbtf `hotratar fi foväh gf fqubpaef `hovfo`bhoai `hdh daiftas, dh`nbias h khishs gf daoh, `ho uoas dfgbgas dáxbdas gf 16=x<=x6= `d. y uo pfsh dáxbdh gf ;6 cbihs phr kuith, fi vhiudâtrb`h oh fs of`fsarbh rfaibzarih. Fi tadañh y jhrda gf ihs fovähs pufgf rhdpfr ihs fsqufdas phr su varbfgag, pufgfo sfr uoa daifta, uohs scbfs, uo `arrbth gf kfkf, ft`., pfrh sä gfkfo fstar kbfo fdkaiaghs. A ia hjb`boa pufgfo iiflar ihs fqubpaefs phr ghs väas5 - Fi dbsdh `ibfotf sf prfsfota fo ia hjb`boa `ho fi fqubpaef, para rfdbtbrih a travâs gf @hrrfhs uoa vfz ih na ja`turagh fo ia wfk gf [FOJF ai `hdprar su kbiiftf, gfkf phrtar uoa rfjfrfo`ba, sbo fsta rfjfrfo`ba oh sf pufgf agdbtbr. - ]hr fi pfrshoai gf gbstrbku`bðo quf quf naya rf`hlbgh fo fi ghdb`bibh gfi `ibfotf fi fqubpaef y ih na gf trafr `ho ia ftbqufta gf ]aq ]rfdbud h ageuotar ai fqubpaef ia rfjfrfo`ba quf sf if lfofrð ai `ibfotf fo fi dhdfoth gf rfaibzar ia ja`tura`bðo. Pbo ia ftbqufta agnfrbga a `aga kuith h sbo rfjfrfo`ba oh sf pufgf agdbtbr.
K. ]rh`fsh gf agdbsbðo Pbtuaghs fo ia paotaiia bob`bai gf agdbsbðo gf fovähs phstaifs, sf botrhgu`f ia rfjfrfo`ba fo fi `adph ’@ðgblh gf foväh—. Pf puisa botrh y fi sbstfda gfvufivf thghs ihs gaths gfi foväh, sb fs uo shih foväh, h ihs oõdfrhs gf thghs ihs fovähs sb ia fxpfgb`bðo fs duitbkuith5
fgbthrbai } `fp
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- DHOHKVIWH. A `hotboua`bðo sf puisa a`fptar y aparf`f fi dfosaef gf bdprfsbðo gf ftbqufta quf sf `hih`a ai foväh `ubgaogh gf quf qufgf pfrjf`tadfotf agnfrbga y vaibga`bðo gfi D-11A, `hdh fo `uaiqubfr htra agdbsbðo. - DVIWBKVI DVIWBKVIWH. WH. Ai nakfr botrhgu`bgh ia rfjfrfo`ba y puisar botrh, aparf`f uoa paotaiia `ho thghs ihs oõdfrhs gf ihs fovähs quf jhrdao ia fxpfgb`bðo5 @ibqufaogh fo `aga uoh gf ihs oõdfrhs aparf`f thga ia bojhrda`bðo gfi foväh `hdh sb gf uoa agdbsbðo dhohkuith sf tratara, sf a`fpta y sf bdprbdf ia ftbqufta quf sf `hih`a ai foväh `ubgaogh gf quf qufgf pfrjf`tadfotf agnfrbga y sf vaibga fi D-11A. Ia apib`a`bðo vufivf a ia paotaiia fo ia quf aparf`fo thghs ihs fovähs quf jhrdao ia fxpfgb`bðo, sf sblufo agdbtbfogh nasta jboaibzar thghs. ]ufgf h`urrbr quf ailuoh gf ihs kuiths bo`iubghs fo ia rfjfrfo`ba oh ih trablao, oh bdphrta, sf rfaibza ia agdbsbðo gf ihs quf tfoladhs y fi quf jaitf pufgf sfr agdbtbgh fo htrh dhdfoth sbfdprf quf ohs aphrtfo ia rfjfrfo`ba. @aga ftbqufta quf sf lfofrf sf pfla fo `aga uoh gf ihs fqubpaefs y ia `hpba gfi D-11A sf rfsfrva fo ia hjb`boa para ar`nbvar `ho fi rfsth gf ia gh`udfota`bðo gf ia sfrbf ; y fi hrblboai sf na gf fotrflar ai `ibfotf h ai pfrshoai gf gbstrbku`bðo para quf ih fotrfluf ai `ibfotf.
@. Htrhs kuiths Fi `ibfotf pufgf iifvar euoth a ihs fqubpaefs quf jblurao fo ia rfjfrfo`ba, ailõo htrh kuith quf gfsff fovbar akhoáoghih fo ia hjb`boa, fstf foväh h fovähs sf agdbtbráo phr ia dhgaibgag quf gfsff fi `ibfotf y `ho ihs rfqubsbths nakbtuaifs para fi prhgu`th fiflbgh.
G. Fotrfla fo hjb`boa A ia nhra gf ia fotrfla fo hjb`boa oh tbfof oboluoa `ara`tfrästb`a gbjfrfo`baghra pufsth quf iiflará `hdh ]aq ]rfdbud, phr ih quf sf botrhgu`brá fo fi `aoai `hrrfsphogbfotf y phográ a gbsphsb`bðo gfi `ibfotf.
6.< Agdbsbðo gf fovähs `ho trádbtfs aguaofrhs aguaofrhs A. Gfjbob`bðo gf fovähs A fjf`ths gf aguaoas fxbstfo ghs tbphs gf fovähs5 - Fovähs `hdfr`baifs5 Pho ihs quf `hotbfofo `uaiqubfr dfr`ao`äa fxphrtaga h bdphrtaga fo fi dar`h gf uoa traosa``bðo `hdfr`bai, taoth sb fsa dfr`ao`äa sf vfogf phr gbofrh `hdh sb sf botfr`adkba. Fovähs gf Fdprfsa a Fdprfsa, gf Fdprfsa a @ibfotf h gf Autðohdh a @ibfotf. - Fovähs oh `hdfr`baifs5 Pho aqufiihs fovähs quf sf botfr`adkbao fotrf partb`uiarfs, pugbfogh `hotfofr rflaihs, dufstras u hkefths pfrshoaifs `ho `ará`tfr h`asbhoai, quf phr su oaturaifza, vaihr h `aotbgag oh sf utbib`fo `ho jbofs `hdfr`baifs. 76:
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
K. ]rhgu`ths sus`fptbkifs sus`fptbkifs gf trádbtfs aguaofrhs aguaofrhs OA@BHOAI
BOWF[OA@BHOAI
-
]aquftf Azui.
-
-
]aq Fstáogar (sðih váibgh para fgbthrbaifs, gbstrbkubghras y fstakif`bdbfoths gf vfota gfi sf`thr gfi ibkrh).
]aquftf ]hstai Botfroa`bhoai F`hoðdb`h.
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]aq ]rfdbud Botfroa`bhoai.
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]aq Ptaogarg Botfroa`bhoai.
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]aquftf Iblnt
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@arta @frtb`aga Botfroa`bhoai.
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@arta @frtb`aga Vrlfotf Botfroa`bh Botfroa`bh-oai.
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]aq ]rfdbud
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]aq Fstáogar
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@arta @frtb`aga.
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@arta @frtb`aga Vrlfotf.
@. Ádkbth Ihs fovähs gf/para ihs tfrrbthrbhs `ho râlbdfo jbs`ai gbstboths ai gf ia fspaña pfobosuiar y Kaifarfs fstáo ajf`taghs phr ihs trádbtfs aguaofrhs5 [FLBÐO/]AÄP
[FLBÐO/]AÄP AJF@WAGH ]H[ W[ÁDBWFP AGVAOF[HP
Fspaña Aoghrra y Lbkraitar Vobðo Furhpfa5
@futa, Dfibiia, @aoarbas. Aoghrra y Lbkraitar (Jufra gf ia VF). Whghs ihs paäsfs jufra gf ia VF.
Aifdaoba, Austrba, Kâilb`a, Kuilarba, @nbprf, Gboadar`a, Fsihvaquba, FsihFsih vfoba, Fsthoba, Jboiaogba, Jrao`ba, LrfLrf `ba, Nuolräa, Briaoga, Btaiba, Ifthoba, Ibtuaoba, Iuxfdkurlh, Daita, ]aäsfs Kaehs, ]hihoba, ]hrtulai, [fboh Vobgh, [fpõkib`a @nf`a, [u[u daoba, Puf`ba y @rha`ba.
G. Bdprfshs/gh`udfoths a. @O;;-@O;0 Fi @O;; sf utbibza para fovähs gf dfohs gf 0== GFL gf vaihr y fi @;0 para dayhrfs vaihrfs (sf lfofra gfsgf B[BP, para su jbrda phr rfdbtfotf)
fgbthrbai } `fp
76<
Wfda <
@O;;
@O;0
k. @]<; Fs uo bdprfsh alrupar ghs jhrduiarbhs fo @O;0/@F]<1.
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fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
@]<1
`. Ja`tura Oh pufgf sfr sustbtubgh phr obolõo htrh gh`udfoth (aikaráo, ohta gf fotrfla, ft`). Pf gfkf aphrtar fi hrblboai y ias `hpbas quf sfao of`fsarbas. Gaths hkiblathrbhs fo ja`tura5 - OBJ/@BJ gfi rfdbtfotf. - Ohdkrf h razðo sh`bai gfi rfdbtfotf. - Ghdb`bibh gfi rfdbtfotf. - OBJ/@BJ gfi gfstboatarbh. - Ohdkrf h razðo sh`bai gfi gfstboatarbh. - Ghdb`bibh gfi gfstboatarbh. - Za Zaihr ihr gf ia dfr`ao`äa (ouo`a bluai a `frh). - Oh pufgf bo`iubr BZA BZA h `ho`fpth sbdbiar (sbfdprf vaihr vaihr `frh). - Oõdfrh y jf`na gf ia ja`tura. - Gfs`rbp`bðo sujb`bfotf gf ia dfr`ao`äa gf ia quf sf tratf. - Fxprfsbðo dhoftarba gfi prf`bh gf vfota.
fgbthrbai } `fp
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Wfda <
g. GVA @hrrfhs Pf na gf aphrtar ia ja`tura phr trbpib`agh `ho ihs gaths aotfrbhrdfotf rfdar`aghs y fi Gh`udfoth gf Authrbza`bðo y Gfspa`nh [fprfsfota`bðo jbrdagh y sfiiagh. @uaogh fi `ibfotf shib`bta fsta hp`bðo fs of`fsarbh `udpibdfotar fi Gh`udfoth gf authrbza`bðo gf gfspa`nh y rfprfsfota`bðo. Fstf gh`udfoth authrbza a @hrrfhs a a`tuar fo rfprfsfota`bðo gfi rfdbtfotf aotf ihs Ðrlaohs gf Aguaoas gf ia Alfo`ba Wrbkutarba fo fi prh`fgbdbfoth gf Gfspa`nh Aguaofrh gf Dfr`ao`äas (GVA). Gfkf fstar `udpibdfotagh fo thghs ihs `adphs, jbrdagh y sfiiagh para fi `ash gf fdprfsas. Phih sf `hosbgfraráo váibghs ihs gh`udfoths gfs`arlaghs gfsgf ia \fk gf @hrrfhs (www.`hrrfhs.`hd), fo ihs quf sf tbfofo quf vbsuaibzar ia dar`a gf alua gf @hrrfhs y `ho fi ihlh ai jhogh. Nay uo dhgfih para autðohdhs y htrh para fdprfsas. Ai gfs`arlar fi gh`udfoth, sf dar`a fi oõdfrh gf fovähs quf `hdphofo ia rfdfsa aguaofra y fi sbstfda bdprbdf taotas `hpbas `hdh fovähs tbfof ia rfdfsa. Fo fi fs`rbth gf authrbza`bðo gfkf `hostar5 - Ohdkrf gf ia fdprfsa vfogfghra `ho su `hrrfsphogbfotf @BJ. - Ohdkrf gfi rfprfsfotaotf iflai gf ia fdprfsa `ho su `hrrfsphogbfotf @BJ. - Jbrda gfi rfprfsfotaotf iflai, jbrda y sfiih gf ia fdprfsa. - Oõdfrh gf fovähs quf vao gfi gfi dbsdh rfdbtfotf ai dbsdh gfstboatarbh y sf fotrflao fo fi dbsdh puoth. Gfkf nakfr `hbo`bgfo`ba fotrf ihs gaths gfi Fs`rbth gf Authrbza`bðo `ho ihs gaths quf jblurao fo ia ja`tura. GVA BD]H[WA@BÐO (Fovähs `ho gfstboh a ia pfoäosuia y Kaifarfs prhvfobfotfs gf @futa, Dfibiia, @aoarbas. @uatrh tarbjas phsbkifs) GVA PBD]IBJB@AGH Fovähs gbrblbghs a pfrshoas jäsb`as `ho vaihr bojfrbhr a 16= furhs, fo ia fotrfla sf akhoa fi BZA y tarbja GVA sbdpib`agh
GVA H[GBOA[BH @FPBÐO GF GH@VDFOWHP A HW[H [F][FPFOWAOWF LFPWBÐO GG]
Gfsgf 16= furhs y sbo pfreub`bh gfi ja`taef (aida`f oaef) fi gfstboatarbh rf`bkf uo avbsh gf `hdh ibqubgar ihs bdphrtfs aotfs gf rf`bkbr su foväh.
(Guty Gfibvfry ]abg), fi vfogfr sf na`f `arlh gf thghs ihs laths aguaofrhs gfi foväh nasta ia fotrfla a ghdb`bibh gfi gfstboatarbh, quf ih rf`bkf sbo `hstf. Pf fibdboa fi trádbtf aguaofrh gf fxphrta`bðo y fs fi fxpfgbth fi hkiblagh a prfsfotar fi gfspa`nh aguaofrh gf bdphrta`bðo y fi bolrfsh gf ihs bdpufsths `hrrfsphogbfotfs, @hrrfhs ihs ja`tura `ho `ará`tfr dfosuai.
7:=
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
f. GVA htrhs Pf na gf aphrtar ia ja`tura phr trbpib`agh `ho ihs gaths aotfrbhrdfotf rfdar`aghs y fi aofxh 2 gfi ifvaotf gfi GVA.
j. FAB-W;IJ Fsta hp`bðo fs váibga para fovähs `ho uo vaihr `hdfr`bai fotrf ;; ₩ y 0===₩ sbo (BZA/BLB@) (BZA/BLB@) h quf sf tratf gf traosjfrfo`bas gfotrh gf ia dbsda fdprfsa. Pbfdprf na gf lfofrar uoa alrupa`bðo FAB. Agfdás, fsths fovähs gfkfráo HKIBLAWH[BADFOWF tfofr uoa dfo`bðo fo ia ja`tura "W;IJ - DF[@AO@ÄA PBO GF@IA[A@BHO GF F^]FGB@BÐO— Oh váibgh para para fovähs quf `hotfolao taka`h h ai`hnhi.
l. Ja`turas fovähs a @aoarbas gf vaihr bojfrbhr a ;; ₩ n. Gh`udfota`bðo supifdfotarba Fo fi `ash gfi GVA para fovähs gbrblbghs a tfr`frhs paäsfs oh pfrtfof`bfotfs a ia VF `ho gftfrdboagas dfr`ao`äas taifs `hdh prhgu`ths jarda`âutb`hs, jbthsaobtarbhs, ft`., sf rfqufrbrá agfdás y sflõo fi `ash5 - @frtbjb`agh gf @hotrhi gf @aibgag PHBZ[F. - Gh`udfoth Hjb`bai gf @hotrhi Paobtarbh gf Dfr`ao`äas. - @frtbjb`agh Jbthsaobtarbh. - @frtbjb`agh Paobtarbh/ @hotrhi gf Dfgb`adfoth. - Ft`. Fi `ibfotf fxphrtaghr gfkf prfsfotar ia gh`udfota`bðo of`fsarba fo `aga `ash tfobfogh quf `hoh`fr ia ohrdatbva. Oh hkstaotf, sb ia gfs`hoh`bfsf sf if pufgf rfdbtbr a ia palboa wfk gf @hrrfhs.
Whdf ohta Ia oh prfsfota`bðo phr fi fxphrtaghr gf `uaiqubfra gf ihs `frtbjb`aghs iflaidfotf of`fsarbhs, fs dhtbvh sujb`bfotf para ia gfvhiu`bðo gf ihs fovähs ai rfdbtfotf. Pf prfsfotará fi hrblboai gfi `frtbjb`agh dás uoa jhth`hpba gfi dbsdh.
K. Agdbsbðo (`hotfobgh dfr`ao`bas) Fo fi prh`fsh gf agdbsbðo fo B[BP, tras sfñaiar fi gfstboh, sf a`tbvao ihs b`hohs gf ihs prhgu`ths `hdpatbkifs `ho fi gfstboh sfñaiagh. @uaogh dar`adhs ailuoh gf ihs prhgu`ths sfñaiaghs fo fsta a`tbvbgag, para ailuoh gf ihs gfstbohs bogb`aghs quf rfqubfrfo trádbtfs aguaofrhs, fgbthrbai } `fp
7:1
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B[BP iaoza ai usuarbh uo dfosaef gf agvfrtfo`ba bogb`aogh quf fi foväh pufgf fstar suefth a trádbtfs aguaofrhs. Quf fjf`tbvadfotf gfka pasarihs h oh, gfpfogfrá gfi `hotfobgh gfi foväh. Gf ia dbsda jhrda, fo B[BP sf a`tbva fi `hdkh gh`udfoths GVA, `ho ias hp`bhofs `hrrfsphogbfotfs ai hrblfo y ai gfstboh gfi foväh. Fo `ash gf quf ailuoa hp`bðo oh sfa phsbkif fotrf ihs ghs tfrrbthrbhs aparf`frá gfsnakbibtaga. ]hstfrbhrdfotf, aotfs gf jboaibzar ia agdbsbðo, B[BP vufivf a iaozar uo dfosaef gf aiarda ai usuarbh, agvbrtbâoghif gf oufvh sb fi foväh rfqubfrf pasar trádbtfs aguaofrhs. @uaogh fi `hotfobgh gfi foväh oh sho gh`udfoths, sf dar`a ia hp`bðo dfr`ao`äas, rflaih, dufstra `hdfr`bai, ft`. Wras dar`ar gb`na hp`bðo ohs aparf`f uo `hdkh gfohdboagh Gh`udfota`bðo GVA `uaogh fi foväh pufga pasar ailõo trádbtf aguaofrh.
@. Fsqufda gf gh`udfota`bðo trádbtfs aguaofrhs aguaofrhs fxphrta`bðo
7:;
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
6.> ]ftb`bðo gfvhiu`bðo paquftfräa botfroa`bhoai botfroa`bhoai Ihs `ibfotfs sufifo shib`btar gfvhiu`bðo h rffxpfgb`bðo gf sus fovähs `ho du`na urlfo`ba, fspf`baidfotf `uaogh gfs`ukrfo quf nao sbgh vä`tbdas gf jraugf. @asb sbfdprf ih shib`btao aotfs gf quf sf `udpiao ihs piazhs däobdhs gf rf`iada`bðo, phr fiih fs of`fsarbh fstf prh`fgbdbfoth quf oh tbfof piazh däobdh. Fstf prh`fgbdbfoth `hosbstf shiadfotf fo fi foväh gf ia shib`btug ai paäs gf gfstboh. Oh sf na`f obolõo sflubdbfoth gf ia a`tua`bðo gfi paäs gf gfstboh, ob sf rfsphogf ai `ibfotf. Pb fi `ibfotf of`fsbta rfspufsta gfkf jhrduiar rf`iada`bðo uoa vfz `udpibgh fi piazh däobdh. Ihs dhgfihs para tradbtar fstas shib`btugfs sho5 - @O 1<- Phib`btug gf gfvhiu`bðo. - @O 1<- Phib`btug gf rffxpfgb`bðo. Pf bdprbdf fi gh`udfoth puisaogh fi khtðo Bdprbdbr y sf foväa ai jax ;1;1; Oh fs of`fsarbh fovbarih a ia atfo`bðo gf oagbf ob añagbr `arátuia. Wadph`h fs of`fsarbh ageuotar rfsluargh gf agdbsbðo ob @]<;.
fgbthrbai } `fp
7:0
Wfda <
7:7
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Fo `ashs gf jraugf, tadph`h fs of`fsarbh ageuotar `hpba gf ia gfouo`ba. Pb fi `ibfotf na jhrduiagh rf`iada`bðo fo @hrrfhs, fo @hosudh h aotf htra bostao`ba tadph`h fs of`fsarbh ageuotaria. Kasta `ho fovbar fi @O 1< ai jax bogb`agh. Atfo`bðo ai @ibfotf foväa fi gh`udfoth ai hpfraghr gf gfstboh phr ia väa dás rápbga gbsphobkif `ho fi hpfraghr gf quf sf tratf5 - ]hstaibzagh. - ]hr `hrrfh fif`trðob`h. - ]hr fi sbstfda wfk gf rf`iada`bhofs. Atfo`bðo ai @ibfotf oh na`f obolõo sflubdbfoth y oh rfsphogf ai `ibfotf. @hrrfhs oh asudf oboluoa rfsphosa kbibga kbi bgag g ph phrr ia a`t a`tua` ua`bð bðoo h aus ausfo` fo`ba ba gf a` a`tua tua`b `bðo ðo gfi hpfraghr gf gfstboh.
Atfo`bðo Fo `ash gf shib`btug gf gfvhiu`bðo, @hrrfhs oh asudf rfsphosakbibgag sb fi hpfraghr gf gfstboh fotrfla fi foväh ai gfstboatarbh h a pfrshoa authrbzaga gf a`ufrgh `ho su iflbsia`bðo oa`bhoai. Ouo`a sf bogfdobza ai `ibfotf phr shib`btugfs gf gfvhiu`bðo sbo âxbth.
:. FOZÄH GF GBOF[H :.1 Agdbsbðo Lbrh `ho PFGB Oufvh a``fsh gfsgf fi jrhotai gf B[BP, gfsaparf`f gfi dfoõ gf agdbsbðo ia hp`bðo ’Lbrhs— phr ’Foväh Gbofrh—. Gfotrh phgfdhs fiflbr fotrf fi @hdparaghr y Aita Foväh Gbofrh.
A. A``fsh a ia juo`bhoaibgag gf aita gf uoa hrgfo gf foväh gf gbofrh Pf phgrá a``fgfr a ia juo`bhoaibgag gf aita gf ðrgfofs gf foväh gf gbofrh gfsgf fi dfoõ gf ’Agdbsbðo— gf ia apib`a`bðo, sfif``bhoagh ia hp`bðo ’Foväh gf gbofrh—, gfsgf ghogf fstaráo gbsphobkifs ias hp`bhofs5 - @hdparaghr5 Dufstra fi `hdparaghr gf sfrvb`bhs gf gf foväh gf gbofrh. - Aita gf foväh gf gbofrh5 Dufstra fi jhrduiarbh gf aita gf uoa hrgfo gf foväh.
a. @hdparaghr gf sfrvb`bhs Pf a``fgfrá ai `hdparaghr gf sfrvb`bhs gf foväh gf gbofrh na`bfogh `ib`c fo ia hp`bðo ’Foväh Gbofrh/@hdpafgbthrbai } `fp
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raghr— gfi dfoõ gf ia apib`a`bðo. Gfsgf fi `hdparaghr sf phgrá `hosuitar fo uoa õob`a paotaiia ias hp`bhofs phsbkifs gf foväh gf gbofrh para uo paäs gf gfstboh y uoa `aotbgag gf foväh. ]ara fiih sf gfkfráo sflubr ihs sblubfotfs pashs5 - Pf bogb`a fi paäs gf gfstboh sfif``bhoáoghih gf ia ibsta gf paäsfs shphrtaghs. - Pf sfif``bhoa fi bdphrtf a fovbar. Pf tfográo ghs jhrdas gf sfif``bhoar fi bdphrtf a fovbar5 ¼ Pfif``bhoaogh fi bdphrtf a `hkrar5 Fi hpfraghr bogb`ará fi bdphrtf a fotrflar phr fi hrgfoaotf. Fi kfofjb`barbh rf`bkbrá fsa `aotbgag dfohs ias tasas apib`agas. ¼ Pfif``bhoaogh fi bdphrtf a fovbar5 Fi hpfraghr hpfraghr bogb`ará bogb`ará fi bdphrtf a rf`bkbr phr fi kfofjb`barbh. kfofjb`barbh. Fi hrgfoaotf gfkfrá akhoar gb`na `aotbgag dás ias tasas. Fi bdphrtf a fovbar sf bogb`ará fo Furhs. Fi bdphrtf a `hkrar phgrá bogb`arsf fo Furhs h fo ia gbvbsa gfi paäs gf gfstboh, asä, phr fefdpih, sb sf sfif``bhoa Pubza sf phgrá bogb`ar fi bdphrtf a `hkrar fo Furhs h fo Dar`hs Pubzhs. (Ohta5 Fo `ash gf fovähs gf fotrfla phr \V, sfrá phsbkif quf fo uo paäs sf agdbtao varbas dhofgas gf palh, pfrh gfsgf fi `hdparaghr shih sfrá phsbkif sfif``bhoar ia dhofga quf tfola ash`baga fi paäs phr gfjf`th). Voa vfz sfif``bhoaghs ihs `rbtfrbhs gf kõsqufga, sf gfkfrá na`fr `ib`c fi khtðo ’Kus`ar—. Ai na`frih sf dhstraráo thghs ihs sfrvb`bhs gf foväh gbsphobkifs hrgfoaghs phr prbhrbgag. Fi hpfraghr gfkfrá bojhrdar ai `ibfotf gf ihs sfrvb`bhs gbsphobkifs gbsphobkifs phr hrgfo gf prbhrbgag. Fi `hdparaghr tfográ fo `ufota ihs iädbtfs y rfstrb``bhofs gf foväh gf gbofrh para fi paäs gf fotrfla sfif``bhoagh, phr ih quf shih sf dhstraráo aqufiihs sfrvb`bhs quf `udpifo `ho ias `ara`tfrästb`as gf fotrfla sfif``bhoagas. ]ara `aga sfrvb`bh gbsphobkif sf dhstrará ia sblubfotf bojhrda`bðo5 - Ohdkrf gfi prhgu`th. Ohdkrf gfi prhgu`th hjrf`bgh, phr fefdpih, Lbrh Oa`bhoai. - Dhgaibgag. Bogb`a, ia dhgaibgag gf palh, phr fefdpih, para Lbrh Oa`bhoai tfogrfdhs ia dhgaibgag gf palh ’Foväh Lbrh Bodfgbath—. - @aoai gf fotrfla. Bogb`a fi `aoai quf sf usará para rfaibzar ia fotrfla gf gbofrh, phr fefdpih, Furhlbrh, @hrrfhs, V]V.
7::
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
- Wbfdph gf fotrfla. Bogb`a fi tbfdph quf sf targará fo na`fr fjf`tbvh fi palh. Fo `ash gf gf quf sf bogbquf = dbouths, sblobjb`ará quf fi palh sf nará gf jhrda urlfotf. - Dfgbh gf palh. Bogb`a ia jhrda fo ia quf sf rfaibzará fi palh palh ai gfstboatarbh, phr fefdpih, Dftáib`h. - Bdphrtf lbragh. Bogb`a fi bdphrtf a rf`bkbr phr fi kfofjb`barbh. - Wasa jbea. Bdphrtf jbeh `hkragh phr fi foväh. - Gfrf`nhs. Bogb`a ia tasa tasa phr`fotuai `hkraga ai rfdbtfotf phr fi foväh. - Bdphrtf thtai. Dufstra fi bdphrtf a akhoar phr fi `ibfotf phr ia `hotrata`bðo gfi sfrvb`bh. Fo `ash gf quf naya ailuoa prhdh`bðo vblfotf, sf dhstrará taoth fi bdphrtf `ho ia prhdh`bðo `hdh fi bdphrtf sbo ia prhdh`bðo y ia jf`na gf jboaibza`bðo gf gb`na `adpaña. - Pfrvb`bhs gf fotrfla gbsphobkifs, phr fefdpih, PDP a gfstboatarbh h fotrfla a ghdb`bibh y su tarbja. Fo `ash gf sfif``bhoar h gf-sfif``bhoar uo sfrvb`bh agb`bhoai, sf a`tuaibzará fi bdphrtf thtai dhstragh. Fi hpfraghr, phr pftb`bðo gfi `ibfotf, phgrá bdprbdbr ia bojhrda`bðo dhstraga fo fi `hdparaghr na`bfogh `ib`c fo ia hp`bðo. Ia sblubfotf jblura dufstra uo fefdpih, ghogf para ihs `rbtfrbhs sfif``bhoaghs sf dufstrao trfs hp`bhofs gbsphobkifs. Fo ia hp`bðo gf ’Lbrh Bodfgbath— sf vf quf nay uoa `adpaña vblfotf. Fo fstf `ash sf dufstra fi prf`bh quf apib`aräa sb oh nukbfsf uoa `adpaña y fi prf`bh quf apib`a `ho ia `adpaña. Wadkbâo sf dufstra ia jf`na gf jboaibza`bðo gf ia `adpaña.
K. Gar gf aita uoa hrgfo gf foväh Pf phgrá a``fgfr ai jhrduiarbh gf aita gf uoa hrgfo gf foväh gfsgf fsths ghs puoths5
fgbthrbai } `fp
7:<
Wfda <
- Gfsgf fi dfoõ gf hp`bhofs, na`bfogh `ib`c fo ia hp`bðo ’Foväh Gbofrh/ Aita gf foväh gf gbofrh—. - Gfsgf fi `hdparaghr gf sfrvb`bhs, sfif``bhoaogh shkrf uoa gf ias hp`bhofs dhstragas fo fi dbsdh. Fo adkhs `ashs fi jhrduiarbh gf aita sfrá fi dbsdh, `ho ia gbjfrfo`ba gf quf, fo `ash gf a``fgfr gfsgf fi `hdparaghr, sf dhstraráo prf`arlaghs ihs gaths sfif``bhoaghs fo fi `hdparaghr. Fi jhrduiarbh gf aita gf uoa hrgfo gf foväh sf fstru`turará fo ias sblubfotfs sf``bhofs5 - Gaths lfofraifs. Fo fsta sf``bðo sf bogb`ará ia bojhrda`bðo gf fotrfla gfi gbofrh5 @aotbgag f`hoðdb`a, paäs gf gfstboh, `aoai gf fotrfla y sfrvb`bhs agb`bhoaifs gf fotrfla. - Pfrvb`bhs agb`bhoaifs5 Fo fsta sf``bðo sf phgráo bogb`ar ihs sfrvb`bhs agb`bhoaifs a `hotratar. - Bojhrda`bðo gfi gfstboatarbh. gfstboatarbh. Fo fsta sf``bðo sf bogb`aráo ihs gaths bgfotbjb`atbvhs gfi kfofjb`barbh gfi foväh gf gbofrh. - Bojhrda`bðo gfi rfdbtfotf. Fo Fo fsta fsta sf``bðo sf bogb`aráo ihs gaths. - Gftaiif f`hoðdb`h gf gf ia traosa``bðo (dhtbvh). Fo fsta sf``bðo sf dufstra fi gftaiif f`hoðdb`h gf ia traosa``bðo5 Bdphrtf a fovbar, bdphrtf a rf`bkbr, tasas y tbph gf `adkbh apib`agh. Aotfs gf rfiifoar ihs gaths gfi gfstboatarbh y gfi rfdbtfotf, gfkfrá bogb`arsf hkiblathrbadfotf ihs gaths gf ia traosjfrfo`ba, ya quf fsths gaths, gftfrdboao ia bojhrda`bðo a shib`btar para rfdbtfotf y gfstboatarbh. Voa vfz rfiifoagh thghs ihs gaths, sf gfkfrá puisar fi khtðo a`fptar. Ai a`fptar ia hpfra`bðo, fi bdphrtf h `hkrar phr ia hrgfo gf foväh sf suda a ia khisa. Ias gfvhiu`bhofs sf rfaibzao dfgbaotf uoa uo `adkbh gf `b`ih `ho gfstboh gfi rfdbtfotf, sbo gfs`hotarsf `aotbgag ailuoa. Fs hkiblathrbh para ihs lbrhs oa`bhoaifs a ghdb`bibh h a apartagh gf bojhrdar gfi GHB gfi gfstboatarbh. Fo `ash gf oh fstar gagh gf aita fo ia KKGG gf ]K@, fi sbstfda sðih gfea rfaibzar ia agdbsbðo para ia dhgaibgag gf foväh gf gbofrh bodfgbath.
@. Gaths lfofraifs Fo `ash gf quf fi jhrduiarbh gf aita sf dufstrf gfsgf fi `hdparaghr, fsta bojhrda`bðo vfográ prf`arlaga, fo `ash gf quf fi jhrduiarbh gf aita sf dufstrf gbrf`tadfotf gfsgf fi dfoõ gf hp`bhofs, fi hpfraghr gfkfrá bogb`ar fsths gaths aotfs gf phgfr `hotbouar rfiifoaogh fi rfsth gf ihs gaths. Fstaráo gbsphobkifs ihs sblubfotfs prhgu`ths y dhgaibgagfs.
a. Lbrh Oa`bhoai ]frdbtf na`fr fovähs gf fotrfla fo Fspaña phr `hrrfhs. Fstf prhgu`th fstará gbsphobkif `uaogh fi paäs gfstboh sfif``bhoagh sfa Fspaña. Ias dhgaibgagfs gbsphobkifs para Lbrh oa`bhoai sfráo ias sblubfotfs5 - Foväh Lbrh bodfgbath. - Foväh Lbrh urlfotf gf fotrfla fo ghdb`bibh. 7:>
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
- Foväh Lbrh hrgboarbh gf fotrfla fo ghdb`bibh. - Foväh hrgfo gf bolrfsh fo `ufota. - Foväh a ]rbsbhofs.
k. Lbrh Hjb`bai Oa`bhoai Dfgbaotf fstf prhgu`th sf pfrdbtf na`fr fovähs hjb`baifs gf fotrfla fo Fspaña. Ias dhgaibgagfs gbsphobkifs sho5 - Foväh hrgboarbh hjb`bai. - Foväh urlfotf hjb`bai.
`. Lbrh fotrfla botfroa`bhoai • Furhlbrh
]frdbtf na`fr fovähs gf fotrfla botfroa`bhoai phr Furhlbrh. Fstf sfrvb`bh fstará gbsphobkif `uaogh sf sfif``bhof `hdh paäs gf gfstboh uo paäs `ho fi quf sf tfola a`ufrgh `ho Furhlbrh. • Lbrh fotrfla botfroa`bhoai ‐ V]V
]frdbtf na`fr fovähs gf fotrfla botfroa`bhoai phr V]V.
g. Pfrvb`bhs gf fotrfla agb`bhoaifs @aga `aoai gf fotrfla `ufota `ho uoa sfrbf gf sfrvb`bhs gf fotrfla quf phgráo sfr `hotrataghs phr fi rfdbtfotf gf ia hrgfo gf foväh. Fsths sfrvb`bhs phgráo tfofr `arlhs agb`bhoaifs quf authdátb`adfotf sfráo `ai`uiaghs phr fi sbstfda y rfqufrbráo quf fi hpfraghr bogbquf bojhrda`bðo rfiatbva a ihs dbsdhs. Pf `hotaráo `ho ihs sblubfotfs sfrvb`bhs gf fotrfla agb`bhoaifs5 - Foväh gf PDP a gfstboatarbh. Fi hpfraghr gfkfrá bogb`ar uo oõdfrh gf tfiâjhoh dðvbi quf sf luargará `hdh tfiâjhoh gfi gfstboatarbh. - Foväh gf PDP a rfdbtfotf. Fi hpfraghr gfkfrá bogb`ar uo oõdfrh gf tfiâjhoh dðvbi quf sf luargará `hdh tfiâjhoh gfi rfdbtfotf. - Foväh gf PDP ai Gfstboatarbh y [fdbtfotf. Pb fxbstf fstá hp`bðo, ai sfif``bhoar adkhs sfrvb`bhs gf PDP sf apib`a ia tarbja uobjb`aga, fo vfz gf ia bogbvbguai gf `aga sfrvb`bh. - Fotrfla a ghdb`bibh. Pb sf sf sfif``bhoa ia hp`bðo gf fotrfla a ghdb`bibh, fi hpfraghr gfkfrá bogb`ar ia gbrf``bðo gf fotrfla gfi foväh pugbfogh para fiih bogb`ar uoa gbrf``bðo phstai h uo apartagh phstai5 ¼ Gbrf``bðo phstai gfi gfstboatarbh. gfstboatarbh. Pf gfkfrá bogb`ar ia `aiif, ih`aibgag y `ðgblh phstai. ¼ Apartagh phstai gfi gfstboatarbh. Pf gfkfrá bogb`ar fi `ðgblh gf ia hjb`boa gf fotrfla y fi oõdfrh gfi apartagh phstai. Bdphrtaotäsbdh para rfaibzar `hrrf`tadfotf ia fotrfla fo fi gfstboh. Ouo`a usar fi `adph gbrf``bðo gf uo foväh a ghdb`bibh.
fgbthrbai } `fp
7:2
Wfda <
f. Fotrfla bodfgbata Ia dhgaibgag gf fotrfla bodfgbata tfográ ihs sblubfotfs sfrvb`bhs agb`bhoaifs5 PDP a [fdbtfotf y a gfstboatarbh. Fo fstf `ash, sb sf sfif``bhoao adkhs sfrvb`bhs agb`bhoaifs sf apib`ará uoa tarbja rfgu`bga. ]hr fiih, sb sf sfif``bhoao adkhs sfrvb`bhs agb`bhoaifs, sf dhstrará ta`nagh fi bdphrtf dhstragh para `aga sfrvb`bh agb`bhoai y sf dhstrará fi prf`bh thtai a apib`ar. @hdh sf na gb`nh, ia gbsphobkbibgag h oh gf fsths sfrvb`bhs agb`bhoaifs gfpfogfráo gfi `aoai gf fotrfla sfif``bhoagh. Fi jhrduiarbh gf aita shih dhstrará aqufiihs sfrvb`bhs agb`bhofs gbsphobkifs para fi `aoai gf fotrfla sfif``bhoagh. Pf gfkfrá tfofr fo `ufota, quf, fo ailuohs `ashs, uo sfrvb`bh agb`bhoai phgrá sfr dar`agh `hdh gf hkiblaga `hotrata`bðo. Fo fsf `ash, sf dhstrará sfif``bhoagh fo fi jhrduiarbh y oh sfrá phsbkif gfs-sfif``bhoarih.
j. Fotrfla a ghdb`bibh Ia hp`bðo gf fotrfla a ghdb`bibh sf prfsfotará tadkbâo `hdh uo sfrvb`bh agb`bhoai. Asä, ai sfif``bhoar uoa dhgaibgag gf fotrfla a ghdb`bibh sf dhstrará gfotrh gf ia sf``bðo gf sfrvb`bhs agb`bhoaifs ihs `adphs a sfr rfiifoaghs para rfaibzar ia fotrfla a ghdb`bibh. Fi sfrvb`bh gf fotrfla a ghdb`bibh pfrdbtbrá tadkbâo ia fotrfla fo apartagh, asb, ih prbdfrh quf sf gfkfrá sfif``bhoar fs sb ia fotrfla gfkfrá rfaibzarsf a ghdb`bibh (hp`bðo phr gfjf`th) h fo uo apartagh phstai.
G. Foväh a prbsbhofs Fo `ash gf quf sf sfif``bhof ia dhgaibgag gf foväh a prbsbhofs, `hdh gaths gfi gfstboatarbh sf gfkfrá bogb`ar taoth fi `fotrh pfobtfo`barbh `hdh fi OBP gfi prfsh. Fo fi `ash gf quf sf naya sfif``bhoagh ia dhgaibgag gf ’Foväh a ]rbsbhofs—, sf gfkfrá bogb`ar ia sblubfotf bojhrda`bðo5 - @fotrh. ]frdbtf sfif``bhoar fi `fotrh gf gfstboh gf uoa ibsta gfspiflakif. Voa vfz sfif``bhoagh fi `fotrh, sf dhstrará fi Oõdfrh gf `ufota ash`bagh, fi `uái oh sfrá dhgbjb`akif. - OBP. ]frdbtf ]frdbtf bogb`ar gf jhrda hp`bhoai fi oõdfrh gf botfroh (OBP). - Ohdkrf y apfiibghs gfi gfstboatarbh. - BKAO gfi gfstboatarbh.
F. Agdbsbðo Lbrhs Lbrhs gf dfohrfs gf fgag ]ara ia agdbsbðo gf lbrhs a dfohrfs, âsths nakráo gf a`tuar of`fsarbadfotf rfprfsfotaghs phr sus pagrfs, tuthrfs h rfprfsfotaotfs iflaifs. Ai sfr of`fsarba ia prfsfota`bðo gfi GHB `ho `ará`tfr prfvbh a ia rfaibza`bðo gf ia hpfra`bðo, õob`adfotf pufgfo agdbtbrsf lbrhs a ihs dayhrfs gf `athr`f añhs quf tfolao y prfsfotfo uo GHB, quf nakráo gf a`tuar sbfdprf rfprfsfotaghs phr sus pagrfs, tuthrfs h rfprfsfotaotfs iflaifs. 7<=
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Fs prf`bsh tfofr fo `ufota quf, sflõo ihs fstáogarfs oa`bhoaifs f botfroa`bhoaifs, ihs dfohrfs prfsfotao uo rbfslh dás fifvagh fo datfrba gf prfvfo`bðo gf kiaoqufh gf `apbtaifs. Fo fstf sfotbgh sf rf`hdbfoga a`tuar `ho fspf`bai rblhr fo ih quf a ia gh`udfota`bðo sf rfjbfrf, fo ias hpfra`bhofs gf fstf tbph gf `ibfotfs. Fo fsths `ashs, fi dfohr jblura `hdh rfdbtfotf fo ia hpfra`bðo y sf gfkfrá gar gf aita `hdh rfprfsfotaotf/ authrbzagh ai pagrf, dagrf h tuthr iflai fs`aofaogh ias pálboas gfi ibkrh gf jadbiba h `frtbjb`agh ghogf sf vfa ia rfia`bðo. Fo fi `ash gf dfohrfs fdao`bpaghs, ai oh `hotfdpiar fsta fx`fp`bhoaibgag ia apib`a`bðo y fxblbr fi sbstfda gar gf aita a uo rfprfsfotaotf, sf bogb`aráo oufvadfotf ihs gaths gfi dfohr, fs`aofaogh fi gh`udfoth quf a`rfgbtf ia fdao`bpa`bðo.
J. @FGB@H Ihs jhrduiarbhs gf agdbsbðo y palh gf PFGB sf fovbaráo a @FGB@H (@fotrh gf Gblbtaibza`bðo gf @hrrfhs), tadkbâo sf fovbaráo5 - Ias ibkraozas gf lbrh lihkai (tfrdboagas fo AL[). - [fia`bhofs gf fovähs phr Apartagh. - Agdbsbhofs gf ruraifs h `artfifs. - Ihs GAF `ho `ðgblh gf karras karras (phstfrbhr 1 gf sfptbfdkrf ;=1>). ;=1>). Oh sf foväao bdprfshs oh `hrphratbvhs, ob bgfotbjb`a`bhofs h GAFP sbo `ðgblhs gf karra. Pf foväao fo uo shkrf gf gfspa`nh h `uaiqubfr htrh, `ho ia ftbqufta gf ]Q quf sf na gf lfofrar, usaogh uo shkrf para5 - PFGB. - GAF. - Agdbsbðo gf lbrh fo ruraifs y `artfifs. - Alrupa`bhofs gf lbrh y apartaghs. Fo uo shkrf `hif`thr sf botrhgu`bráo thghs ihs shkrfs bogb`aghs, sb shih nay PFGB, oh fs of`fsarbh utbibzar ghs shkrfs. Ouo`a sf usaráo ob lhdas ob lrapas para hrgfoar ihs gh`udfoths. Ihs gh`udfoths bráo sbo ghkiar. Ia hjb`boa lfofra uo ]aq Fstáogar `ho fotrfla a ghdb`bibh ]Q `ho `arlh ai `hotrath gf ia Gbrf``bðo Ageuota gf Hpfra`bhofs y gbrblbgh a ia sblubfotf gbrf``bðo5 @fotrh gf Gblbtaibza`bðo gf @hrrfhs, @adboh gf Nhrdblufras 1:2, @]5 ;>=01 Dagrbg. Ihs fovähs sf rfaibzaráo ihs gäas ihs gäas 1 y 1: gf dfs h fi prbdfr gäa nákbi sblubfotf.
fgbthrbai } `fp
7<1
Wfda <
:.; @hrrfhs @asn agdbsbðo Fo fsths dhdfoths fi a`ufrgh gf @hrrfhs @asn fstá fo vblhr `ho ias fotbgagfs jboao`bfras Dfgbhiaoud y Fvh Kao`h, dfgbaotf fi `uai ihs `ibfotfs gf fstas fotbgagfs pufgfo bolrfsar y rftbrar gbofrh fo ias dás gf ;.7== Hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs. Ihs pashs a sflubr sho5 - Phib`btar hpfra`bðo fo dftáib`h gfsgf A]] gf Fotbgag Fotbgag Jboao`bfra (@ibfotf). - Fi `ibfotf gf ia Fotbgag Jboao`bfra of`fsbta rfaibzar uoa hpfra`bðo gf `aea (bolrfsh h rfbotfrfbotflrh fo su @@) a travâs gf ia rfg gf hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs.
A. Phib`btar bolrfsh fo @@ gfsgf A]] gf su Kao`h Kao`h (@ibfotf) Fi `ibfotf shib`bta uo bolrfsh fo su @@ a travâs gf ia A]] gf su Fotbgag Jboao`bfra. Fo fsta partf gfi prh`fgbdbfoth @hrrfhs oh partb`bpa. Ia rfia`bðo y gfdaoga gf sfrvb`bh sf fstakif`f fotrf fi `ibfotf y su fotbgag jboao`bfra a travâs gf ihs df`aobsdhs quf tfolao fstakif`bghs para ia prfsta`bðo gf sfrvb`bhs. Lfofraidfotf uo A]].
Ia Fotbgag Jboao`bfra gfvufivf a su `ibfotf uoa oukf gf puoths `ho ia bojhrda`bðo of`fsarba para rfaibzar uo lbrh fo ia dhgaibgag gf HB@ (dáxbdh ;.722,22 furhs). Fi õob`h `adph quf oh fstará bojhrdagh sfrá fi bdphrtf gfi bolrfsh, quf ih phgrá gf`bgbr ibkrfdfotf fi `ibfotf, sbfdprf quf oh supfrf ihs iädbtfs fstakif`bghs phr @hrrfhs para ihs dhvbdbfoths gf dftáib`h.
7<;
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Voa vfz rf`bkbgh fi `ðgblh gf hpfra`bðo gfsgf su Fotbgag Jboao`bfra, fi `ibfotf tbfof quf gbrblbrsf a uoa hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs para rfaibzar ia hpfra`bðo gf bolrfsh fo @@. Fstf sfrvb`bh sf prfstará gfsgf `uaiqubfr hjb`boa quf prfstf sfrvb`bh gf foväh gf gbofrh. Voa vfz fo ia hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs, fi `ibfotf bojhrda gfi sfrvb`bh gfsfagh. Fo fstf `ash, bolrfsar fjf`tbvh fo ia `ufota gf ia Fotbgag Jboao`bfra ^^^ gf ia quf fs tbtuiar. Fi fdpifagh quf atbfogf ai `ibfotf gfkf a``fgfr a B[BP / FOZÄH GF GBOF[H. Gfotrh gf ias hp`bhofs gf Foväh gf Gbofrh, sfif``bhoa Bolrfsh @H[[FHP @APN.
Ia if`tura gf Oukfs gf puoths fxblf quf ia pbsthia if`thra fstá `hrrf`tadfotf `hojbluraga. ]ara fiih sf gfkfrá iffr fi `ðgblh quf aparf`f fo ia bdalfo. Gfpfogbfogh gfi dhgfih gf pbsthia nakrá quf iffr uo `ðgblh u htrh. Phih nay quf na`fr õob`a õob`a if`tura y ia pbsthia qufgará `hojbluraga. Ihs `ðgblhs gf `hojblura`bðo ihs phgráo fo`hotrar tadkbâo fo @hof`ta / Foväh gf Gbofrh. Fi fdpifagh sbtuará fi `urshr fo fi `adph quf jblura fo ia bdalfo y iffrá dfgbaotf ia pbsthia if`thra ia oukf gf puoths aphrtaga phr fi `ibfotf.
fgbthrbai } `fp
7<0
Wfda <
Ihs `adphs aparf`fo ya rfiifohs. Fi `adph quf aparf`f va`äh fs fi gfi bdphrtf quf sf gfsfa lbrar. ]ara `hotbouar fs of`fsarbh phofr ia `aotbgag a bolrfsar fo ia `ufota. Aotfs nay quf ’A`fptar— fi dfosaef quf aparf`f fo ia vfotaoa fdfrlfotf. Pb fi bdphrtf bojhrdagh fx`fgf ihs iädbtfs para ias hpfra`bhofs gf foväh gf gbofrh, fi sbstfda bdpbgf rfaibzar ia hpfra`bðo. Ai tratarsf gf uoa hpfra`bðo gf bolrfsh gf jhoghs fo uoa @@, fi suefth hkiblagh fo ih rfiatbvh a ia ]rfvfo`bðo gf Kiaoqufh gf @apbtaifs fs @hrrfhs, ya quf sf gfkf `hotrhiar fi hrblfo gf fsths jhoghs. ]hr fsth, tras ia if`tura gf ia oukf gf puoths f bojhrdar gfi bdphrtf a bolrfsar, gf pbo`na fo fi khtðo ’]K@— gf ia paotaiia gf Brbs. A ihs `ibfotfs quf shib`btfo fstf sfrvb`bh sf apib`ará ihs dbsdhs `hotrhifs quf ai rfsth gf `ibfotfs quf gfdaogfo sfrvb`bhs gf foväh gf gbofrh. Pf shib`bta ia jbrda gfi `ibfotf fo fi jhrduiarbh gf agdbsbðo gf Foväh gf Gbofrh.
Pf shib`bta fi bdphrtf ai `ibfotf. Voa `hpba gfi rfsluargh gf agdbsbðo gf Foväh gf Gbofrh sf fotrfla ai `ibfotf y htra fs para ia hjb`boa. Ihs jhrduiarbhs gf Foväh gf Gbofrh sho fovbaghs a @FGB@H para su gblbtaibza`bðo `frtbjb`aga y phstfrbhr gfstru``bðo. Oh sf ar`nbvao fo ia Hjb`boa.
K. Phib`btar rftbraga fjf`tbvh fo A]] A]] gf su KAO@H (@ibfotf) Fi `ibfotf shib`bta ia rftbraga gf jhoghs gf su @@ a travâs gf ia A]] h `uaiqubfr htrh gbsphsbtbvh. Ia rftbraga sbfdprf gfkfrá sfr fo uoa hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs.
7<7
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Fi kao`h trasiaga a PFGB ia shib`btug gf rftbraga gf jhoghs `ho ias `ara`tfrästb`as quf fi `ibfotf naya fxpib`btagh fo su rflbstrh a travâs gf ia A]]. PFGB lfofra uo ih`aibzaghr quf na`f iiflar a ia Fotbgag Jboao`bfra shib`btaotf. Ia dhgaibgag sfrá gf Lbrh Bodfgbath (nasta ;.722,22 furhs), quf `ho fi ih`aibzaghr phgrá sfr `hkragh fo `uaiqubfr hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs gf Fspaña. Ia Fotbgag Jboao`bfra na`fg iiflar a su `ibfotf fi `ðgblh ih`aibzaghr. Voa vfz rf`bkbgh fi ih`aibzaghr gfsgf su Fotbgag Jboao`bfra, fi `ibfotf tbfof quf gbrblbrsf a uoa hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs para rfaibzar ia hpfra`bðo rftbraga gf jhoghs. Fstf sfrvb`bh sf prfstará gfsgf `uaiqubfr hjb`boa quf prfstf sfrvb`bh gf foväh gf gbofrh. Voa vfz fo ia hjb`boa gf @hrrfhs, fi `ibfotf bojhrda gfi sfrvb`bh gfsfagh. Fo fstf `ash, rftbrar fjf`tbvh fo ia `ufota gf ia Fotbgag Jboao`bfra ^^^ gf ia quf fs tbtuiar. Fi prh`fgbdbfoth fo ia hjb`boa fs fi gf palh gf uo lbrh bodfgbath. Fsta hpfratbva fstá gftaiiagh fo fi prh`fsh gf Foväh gf Gbofrh y fo fi Daouai gf PFGB. Ia õob`a gbjfrfo`ba fs quf ai botrhgu`br fo fi sbstfda fi ih`aibzaghr gfi lbrh bodfgbath, gf jhrda authdátb`a sf `hdpiftao ihs `adphs of`fsarbhs para fi palh gfi lbrh. Fi fdpifagh gf ia hjb`boa oh tfográ quf bojhrdar gf obolõo gath ai sbstfda. Fstas hpfra`bhofs a pfsar gf rfaibzarsf a travâs gf ia apib`a`bðo gf Foväh gf Gbofrh gf @hrrfhs oh fstáo sueftas a `hotrhifs gf ]K@, ya quf ihs jhoghs prhvbfofo gf uoa `ufota `hrrbfotf y fi hrgfoaotf gfi palh fs fi prhpbh Kao`h, phr ih quf âs fstf fi suefth hkiblagh a fjf`ths gf ]K@. Wras rfaibzar ia hpfratbva fo PLBF, lfofradhs fi eustbjb`aotf para rf`hlfr ia jbrda gfi `ibfotf. Fi fdpifagh fotrfla fi bdphrtf ai gfstboatarbh euoth `ho fi jhrduiarbh gf palh `ho su jbrda. Voa `hpba jbrdaga qufga fo ia Hjb`boa. Voa `hpba gfi rfsluargh gf agdbsbðo gf Foväh gf Gbofrh sf fotrfla ai `ibfotf y htra fs para ia hjb`boa. fgbthrbai } `fp
7<6
Wfda <
@. @nfqufs Dfgbhiaoud @uaogh fi `ibfotf daobjbfstf quf gfsfa bolrfsar uo taiðo gfi Kao`h Dfgbhiaoud, bodfgbatadfotf fo AW@ sf phográ fo `hota`th `ho fi gbrf`thr gf ia hjb`boa u htra pfrshoa gfi fqubph gf gbrf``bðo, quf sfrá ia fo`arlaga gf atfogfr ai `ibfotf pfrshoaidfotf. Fo fi `ash gf quf fo fsf dhdfoth oh sf fo`ufotrf obolõo dbfdkrh gfi fqubph gf gbrf``bðo, fi `ibfotf sfrá atfogbgh phr fi AW@. Fi fdpifagh gf ia hjb`boa bgfotbjb`a ai `ibfotf (phrtaghr gfi `nfquf) y rf`hlf fi `nfquf.
a. Zfrbjb`ar `nfquf (Atfo`bðo ai põkib`h, Gbrf`thr gf Hjb`boa) Fi `nfquf gfkf rfuobr ihs sblubfotfs rfqubsbths5 - Wbfof quf sfr uo @NFQVF OHDBOAWBZH A OHDK[F GFI @IBFOWF, fs gf`br, gfkf jblurar `hdh kfofjb`barbh uoa pfrshoa `ho ohdkrf y apfiibghs, h fo `ash gf pfrshoas eurägb`as su razðo sh`bai3 ouo`a gfkf sfr "Ai phrtaghr". - Gfkf sfr para BOL[FPH FO @VFOWA @H[[BFOWF. ]ara bgfotbjb`arih tbfof quf br "karragh", fs gf`br, atravfsagh gbalhoaidfotf fo su aovfrsh phr ghs iäofas. - Wfográ quf br JB[DAGH FO FI [FZF[PH phr fi tbtuiar gf ia `ufota. Fo fstf `ash fi fdpifagh gf ia hjb`boa oh tfográ quf na`fr obolõo `htfeh gf ia jbrda. Pbdpifdfotf asflurarsf gf quf fjf`tbvadfotf va jbrdagh fo fi rfvfrsh. - ]ufgf fotrflar fi `nfquf fo ia hjb`boa `uaiqubfr pfrshoa, auoquf âsta oh sfa ob fi fdbshr gfi `nfquf ob fi tbtuiar gf ia `ufota `hrrbfotf ghogf sf bolrfsará. - Fi `nfquf pufgf sfr gf `uaiqubfr Kao`h fspañhi h `ho su`ursai fo Fspaña. - Fo bdphrtf sbfdprf gfkf br bojhrdagh fo ia dhofga FV[H. FV[H.
7<:
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Fo ailuohs `ashs fi `ibfotf gfi Kao`h Dfgbhiaoud na phgbgh rflbstrar ia hpfra`bðo gf bolrfsh gf `nfquf a travâs gf ia App gfi prhpbh kao`h. Fo fsths `ashs, gfkfrá aphrtar uo " `ðgblh bgfotbjb`aghr gf `nfquf" quf if na gfkbgh prhphr`bhoar fi prhpbh kao`h y quf `hotbfof bojhrda`bðo ash`baga a ia hpfra`bðo quf ya oh fs prf`bsh shib`btar.
k. @udpibdfotar bdprfsh gf bolrfsh gf `nfquf sbo `ðgblh (Atfo`bðo ai põkib`h, Gbrf`thr gf Hjb`boa) Fi gbrf`thr gf ia hjb`boa h fdpifagh quf atbfogf ia hpfra`bðo, shib`btará ihs gaths of`fsarbhs para `udpibdfotar fi jhrduiarbh gf ia hpfra`bðo. @uaogh fi `ibfotf oh na rflbstragh ia hpfra`bðo a travâs gf ia App gfi kao`h Dfgbhiaoud, ihs gaths a shib`btar sfráo5 - Oh GF @VFOWA (BKAO)5 @ufota fo ia quf sf bolrfsará fi `nfquf. sf trata gf ia @@ gfi kfofjb`barbh gfi `nfquf. Oh `hojuogbr `ho ia @@ quf jblura fo fi `nfquf. Pf `hdphof gf ;7 gälbths. - A OHDK[F OHDK[F GF5 GF5 Ohdkrf Ohdkrf y apfiibghs gf ia pfrshoa quf jblura fo fi `nfquf. - FOW[FLAGH ]H[5 Ohdkrf y apfiibghs gf ia pfrshoa quf na`f fotrfla gfi `nfquf. ]ufgf sfr `uaiqubfr pfrshoa. - Oh GF GF @NFQVF5 Oh quf aparf`f fo fi `nfquf. - KAO@H-@AEA5 Kao`h h @aea gfi `nfquf. - BD]H[WF5 Bdphrtf gfi `nfquf fo oõdfrh, sbfdprf fo ia dhofga FV[H. - BD]H[WF FO IFW[A, sbfdprf fo ia dhofga FV[H. FV[H. - JB[DA GF GF IA ]F[PHOA QVF NA@F IA FOW[FLA. - JB[DA R PFIIH PFIIH GF HJB@BOA GF @H[[FHP5 Jbrda gfi fdpifagh y sfiih gf ia hjb`boa. Fi fdpifagh gf ia Hjb`boa gfkf `udpibdfotar fi bdprfsh " [fsluargh bolrfsh `nfquf Dfgbhiaoud sbo rfjfrfo`ba gf `ibfotf". Fstf bdprfsh gf `udpibdfota f bdprbdf gbrf`tadfotf gfsgf @hof`ta (ghogf fstá pukib`agh). Vo bdprfsh phr `aga `nfquf.
fgbthrbai } `fp
7<<
Wfda <
`. @udpibdfotar bdprfsh gf bolrfsh gf `nfquf `ho `ðgblh (Atfo`bðo ai põkib`h, Gbrf`thr gf Hjb`boa) Fi gbrf`thr gf ia hjb`boa h fdpifagh quf atbfogf ia hpfra`bðo, shib`btará ihs gaths of`fsarbhs para `udpibdfotar fi jhrduiarbh gf ia hpfra`bðo. @uaogh fi `ibfotf naya rflbstragh ia hpfra`bðo a travâs gf ia App gfi kao`h Dfgbhiaoud, ihs gaths a shib`btar sfráo5 - FOW[FLAGH ]H[5 Ohdkrf y apfiibghs gf ia pfrshoa quf na`f fotrfla gfi `nfquf. ]ufgf sfr `uaiqubfr pfrshoa. - @ÐGBLH BGFOWBJB@AGH[ GFI @NFQVF5 @ðgblh prhphr`bhoagh phr fi kao`h Dfgbhiaoud. - BD]H[WF5 Bdphrtf gfi `nfquf fo oõdfrh, sbfdprf fo ia dhofga FV[H. - BD]H[WF FO IFW[A, sbfdprf fo ia dhofga FV[H. FV[H. - JB[DA GF GF IA ]F[PHOA QVF NA@F IA FOW[FLA. - JB[DA R PFIIH PFIIH GF HJB@BOA GF @H[[FHP5 Jbrda gfi fdpifagh y sfiih gf ia hjb`boa. Fi fdpifagh gf ia Hjb`boa gfkf `udpibdfotar fi bdprfsh " [fsluargh bolrfsh `nfquf Dfgbhiaoud `ho rfjfrfo`ba gf `ibfotf". Fstf bdprfsh gf `udpibdfota f bdprbdf gbrf`tadfotf gfsgf @hof`ta (ghogf fstá pukib`agh). Pb phr ailuoa `br`uostao`ba fi `ibfotf oh pugbfra aphrtar fi `ðgblh, `hotbouarfdhs prfstaogh fi sfrvb`bh gf a`ufrgh a ias bostru``bhofs gf ihs `nfqufs sbo `ðgblh.
g. Bdprbdbr jhrduiarbh y fovbarih Fi gbrf`thr h pfrshoa gfsbloaga bdprbdf ghs `hpbas gfi jhrduiarbh5 - Voa `hpba para para ia pfrshoa quf quf fotrfla fi `nfquf. - Voa `hpba sf botrhgu`f fo fi shkrf ghogf vbaeará fi `nfquf. 7<>
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
A `hotboua`bðo sf botrhgu`f fi `nfquf y fi jhrduiarbh `udpibdfotagh y jbrdagh phr fi gfphsbtaotf y ia hjb`boa (jbrda y sfiih) fo uo shkrf GBOA6 gf sfrvb`bh. Fs duy bdphrtaotf, aotfs gf `frrar fi shkrf, vfrbjb`ar quf ihs jhrduiarbhs (`ho h sbo `ðgblh) fstáo `hrrf`tadfotf `udpibdfotaghs fo thghs sus `adphs. Pb thgh fstá `hrrf`th sf `bfrra fi shkrf fo prfsfo`ba gfi `ibfotf y sf gfspbgf ai `ibfotf. A `hotboua`bðo sf agdbtf fi foväh ]rfrrflbstragh `hdh ]AQ ][FDBVD `hotra fi `hotrath gfi `ibfotf Dfgbhiaoud. Fo fi jrhotai gf Brbs, nakrá quf bojhrdar fi `ðgblh gf ;0 gälbths gfi prfrrflbstrh aphrtagh phr fi `ibfotf. Pf `ursa fo fi dbsdh gäa gf ia rf`hlbga gfi `nfquf.
Pf agdbtf fi ]aq ]rfdbud sflõo prh`fsh, `ho gfstboh a ias gfpfogfo`bas gf ia fotbgag kao`arba5 KAO@H DFGBHIAOVD [fsphosakif gf ]rhgu`ths y Pfrvb`bhs Kao`arbhs Av. Gbalhoai ::>-:<= =>=07 Kar`fihoa
:.0 W[BHGHP KAC Fi sfrvb`bh gf `hiakhra`bðo `ho fi KAO@H W[BHGHP para ias agdbsbhofs gf fovähs gf gbofrh gf akhoh fo `ufota, fs duy sbdbiar ai prh`fgbdbfoth gf agdbsbðo fo B[BP gf lbrh agdbobstratbvh. Ia õob`a gbjfrfo`ba hpfratbva fxbstf tras `hdpiftar ia hpfra`bðo, fi usuarbh fotrfla ai `ibfotf fi eustbjb`aotf gf agdbsbðo euoth a htrh gh`udfoth gf bojhrda`bðo lfofragh phr ia bdprfshra duitbjuo`bðo, fo gb`nh gh`udfoth sf bojhrda ai `ibfotf quf Wrbhghs Kaoc quf phstfrbhrdfotf fgbthrbai } `fp
7<2
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sf if apib`ará uo `hstf phr ia fef`u`bðo gfi sfrvb`bh y quf fi bdphrtf fstá fstakif`bgh fo ; ₩. Gb`nh bdphrtf sfrá `arlagh fo ia `ufota gf gfstboh gf ihs jhoghs gf gb`na hpfra`bðo. Ia hpfra`bðo gf agdbsbðo fo B[BP oh tbfof `hstf para fi `ibfotf tbtuiar gf ia `ufota, fo fi `ash gf quf ia hpfra`bðo ia rfaib`f htra pfrshoa gbstbota gfi tbtuiar gf gb`na `ufota ihs jhoghs sfráo gfvufiths a hrblfo. Agfdás hpfratbvadfotf tfogrfdhs quf rf`hlfr ia jbrda gfi `ibfotf fo fi bdprfsh gf bojhrda`bðo gbsfñagh ai fjf`th, para su phstfrbhr `usthgba fo fi dufkif ar`nbvaghr gf ia hjb`boa, fo uoa oufva `arpfta iiadaga W[BHGHP, guraotf uo añh. Fo fi `ash gf lfofrarsf shih uoa `hpba gfi gh`udfoth bojhrdatbvh gf W[BHGHP phr ia bdprfshra duitbjuo`bðo, sfrá of`fsarbh rfaibzar uoa jhth`hpba para fotrflársfia ai `ibfotf y htra para rf`hlfr su jbrda. Fefdpih gfi gh`udfoth bojhrdatbvh gf W[BHGHP. Fstf sfrvb`bh shih ih pufgfo iifvar a `akh tbtuiarfs h pfrshoas aphgfragas gf ia `ufota gf Wrbhghs Kaoc kfofjb`barba gfi lbrh. Fi gbofrh bolrfsagh fstará gbsphobkif fo ia `ufota shib`btaga ai gäa sblubfotf nákbi gf ia rfaibza`bðo gfi lbrh. Fi bdphrtf dáxbdh a bolrfsar phr hpfra`bðo fs gf ;.722 ₩. Ia `hdbsbðo gfi sfrvb`bh fs gf ; ₩ phr lbrh, quf sf `arlará gbrf`tadfotf a ia `ufota kfofjb`barba. Ihs bolrfshs a `ufota gf Wrbhghs sbfdprf sf rfaibzao phr uo tbtuiar gf ia `ufota. Pb sf rfaibza uo bolrfsh phr partf gf `uaiqubfr htra pfrshoa, fi lbrh fs rf`nazagh phr Wrbhghs.
:.7 \fstfro Vobho A. Gfjbob`bðo @hrrfhs tbfof `ho`frtagh `ho \fstfro Vobho ia traosjfrfo`ba gf gbofrh fotrf oufstras hjb`boas y ihs paäsfs quf prfstao fi sfrvb`bh gf ’Wraosjfrfo`ba gf gbofrh fo dbouths— (\bii @aii) quf tbfof ias sblubfotfs `ara`tfrästb`as5 ]frdbtf fovbar y rftbrar gbofrh fo `uaiqubfra gf ias hjb`boas quf \fstfro Vobho tbfof fo dás gf ;== paäsfs. Fi gbofrh fstá gbsphobkif dbouths gfspuâs gf su agdbsbðo fo vfotaobiia y sf daotbfof fo fi sbstfda para su palh guraotf 2= gäas. A partbr gf fstf dhdfoth, sb fi `ibfotf qubfrf rf`upfrar su gbofrh h, phr htrh iagh, daotfofr su palh fo fi paäs gf gfstboh, ia traosa``bðo gfkf gf sfr rfa`tbvaga (rfohvaga) phr ihs Pfrvb`bhs @fotraifs. ]ara fiih ia hjb`boa `hrrfsphogbfotf, tbfof quf phofrsf fo `hota`th `ho fi @aii @fotfr (;0 07= // 21 62: 007=), para quf ia traosjfrfo`ba sfa rfa`tbvaga h gfvufita a hrblfo phr fi dhoth prbo`bpai, para su phstfrbhr palh fo fi sbstfda. Fi rfdbtfotf gfkf bojhrdar ai kfofjb`barbh quf pufgf `hkrar ia traosjfrfo`ba fo ias hjb`boas gf `uaiqubfr alfotf \fstfro Vobho gfi paäs gf gfstboh fo quf fi sfrvb`bh fstâ bdpiaotagh. Gfkf prhphr`bhoarif ihs sblubfotfs gaths5 7>=
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
- Ohdkrf y apfiibghs gfi rfdbtfotf. - Bdphrtf quf fspfra rf`bkbr. - @bugag y paäs gf hrblfo. - Oõdfrh gf `hotrhi gf ia Wraosjfrfo`ba, DW@O. Fi foväh gf gbofrh pufgf bo`iubr sfrvb`bhs agb`bhoaifs. Hp`bhofs gf fotrfla5 dfgbaotf ohtbjb`a`bðo tfifjðob`a. Dfosaefs. Fi palh fo Fspaña, sf fjf`tõa sðih `uaogh sf prfsfota ia bgfotbjb`a`bðo váibga y `hrrf`ta euoth `ho fi `hrrfsphogbfotf DW@O. Fi iädbtf gf Fspaña phr traosjfrfo`ba (foväh h palh) fs gf 0.=== furhs phr pfrshoa y gäa, taoth phr rfdbtfotf `hdh phr kfofjb`barbh. \fstfr Vobðo dblra a uoa vfrsbðo gfohdboaga CR@-=;. Fstf oufvh sbstfda gftf`tará `uaogh uo `ibfotf gf \fstfro Vobho na rfaibzagh hpfra`bhofs y phr `hosblubfotf tbfof ia gh`udfota`bðo fs`aofaga fo ihs sfrvb`bhs gf \fstfr Vobðo, oh shib`btaogh phr ih taoth fi vhivfr a fs`aofar ia gh`udfota`bðo, bogfpfogbfotfdfotf sb ia hpfra`bðo fs gf foväh h gf palh. Pä quf sfrá of`fsarbh fs`aofar ihs gh`udfoths gf thghs aqufiihs `ibfotfs quf vayao a ias hjb`boas gf @hrrfhs phr prbdfra vfz y, phr ih taoth, su gh`udfota`bðo thgaväa oh fstaka aiheaga fo ihs sfrvbghrfs gf \fstfr Vobðo.
K. A``fsh Voa vfz fo`fogbgh fi hrgfoaghr y fi gbrf`thr gf ia hjb`boa na akbfrth taoth ia hjb`boa `hdh fi rfsth gf ias vfotaobiias quf fstáo hpfratbvas fo ia dbsda a``fgfdhs ai sfrvb`bh gf traosa``bhofs gf \fstfro Vobho. Fi a``fsh a ia apib`a`bðo, sf rfaibza phr ia sblubfotf V[I h phr Brbs5 - A``fsh phr foia`f nttps5//wuphs.wfstfrouobho.`hd - A``fsh phr B[BP Fi a``fsh a ia apib`a`bðo, fstará botflragh fo B[BP :, gfsgf fi khtðo ’Iiadagas a sbstfdas sbstfdas fxtfrohs—.
@. ]aotaiia bob`bh `ho sus juo`bhofs prbo`bpaifs. Fi sbstfda bojhrdará ai usuarbh gf5 - Avbshs `rätb`hs quf aparf`fo fo ia sf``bðo gfi takiðo bojhrdatbvh rheh gf ia paotaiia. - Ihs gfstbohs usaghs `ho dás jrf`ufo`bas, para ja`bibtar fi a``fsh a ihs dbsdhs. - Hp`bhofs fo HW[HP PF[ZB@BHP, PF[ZB@BHP, a ia bzqubfrga gf ia paotaiia bojhrdará gf `ðdh Dhgbjb`ar traosa``bðo5 dhgbjb`a`bðo gaths kfofjb`barbh.
fgbthrbai } `fp
7>1
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- Bos`rbp`bðo Warefta Warefta Lhig @arg5 bos`rbkbr a ihs `ibfotfs fo fi prhlrada gf bo`fotbvhs gf ia Warefta gf \V. - Bojhrda`bðo gfi paäs5 `hdprhkar ias rfstrb``bhofs fspf`äjb`as gfi paäs paäs gf gfstboh. - [fphrtf gf traosjfrfo`bas5 `hdprhkar ias traosa``bhofs rfaibzagas rfaibzagas phr ia hjb`boa. - Kõsqufga gf gf alfotfs5 ih`aibzar ihs alfotfs palaghrfs fo fi paäs gf gf gfstboh. - Bojhrdf gf a`tbvbgag5 rflbstrh gf traosa``bðo a sa`ar phr ia hjb`boa ai jboai gfi gäa. - Fstagh gf traosjfrfo`bas5 `hosuitar fo quf fstagh sf sf fo`ufotra ia traosjfrfo`ba. - Jbrda gfi usuarbh5 `aptura jbrda gblbtai gfi fdpifagh.
G. Jhrdaibza`bðo @ibfotf quf fstá fo ia kasf gf gaths gf \fstfro Vobho. Voa vfz quf fstadhs gfotrh gf ia apib`a`bðo prh`fgfrfdhs a bosfrtar `uaiqubfra gf ihs `rbtfrbhs gf kõsqufga gf `ibfotfs gf \fstfro Vobho. Ihs gaths a bosfrtar fo fi sbstfda ihs phgfdhs aohtar gfsgf fi jhrduiarbh rápbgh gf foväh gf gbofrh sb fi `ibfotf rfdbtfotf na qufrbgh `udpibdfotarih h kbfo âstf pufgf `hduob`arihs vfrkaidfotf (ihs gaths a bosfrtar sbfdprf nao gf br vfrbjb`aghs phr fi pfrshoai gf @hrrfhs). Pb fi `ibfotf ya na rfaibzagh traosjfrfo`bas gf foväh gf gbofrh phr dfgbh gf \fstfro Vobho, \V]HP bojhrdará gf fiih `uaogh sf `udpibdfotf ailuoa gf ias hp`bhofs gf ihs rf`uagrhs gf ’KVPQVFGA GFI [FDBWFOWF—. Fo fi `ash gf quf fi rfdbtfotf ouo`a naya fovbagh ia apib`a`bðo bojhrda gf fiih.
Ohta.- Nay quf `udpibdfotar thghs ihs `adphs `ho astfrbs`hs fo rheh (*) Pb ya fxbstf fo ia kasf gf gaths gf \fstfro Vobho, aparf`frá uoa ibsta gf phsbkifs kfofjb`barbhs. Pb fi `ibfotf gfsfa fovbar uo gbofrh a uo kfofjb`barbh gf ia ibsta, sf sfif``bhoará fstf y thghs ihs gaths sfráo vhi`aghs ai sbstfda gf \V]HP.
7>;
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Fo `ash gf quf ihs gaths gfi `ibfotf rfdbtfotf oh `hbo`bgao `ho fi gh`udfoth aphrtagh (`aiif, oh tfiâjhoh) sf sfif``bhoará ’Oufvh rfdbtfotf—. Gfi dbsdh dhgh, sb fi `ibfotf kfofjb`barbh oh sf fo`ufotra fo fi gfspiflakif sf sfif``bhoará ’Oufvh kfofjb`barbh—. Ai bluai quf fo ias tareftas \fstfro Vobho, rfaib`f ia kõsqufga phr `uaiqubfra gf ias trfs hp`bhofs, sf asbloa fi rfdbtfotf-kfofjb`barbh-paäs (fsths gaths pufgfo sfr dhgbjb`aghs a fx`fp`bðo gfi rfdbtfotf, a ih iarlh gf ia traosa``bðo). Fo `ash gf oh fxbstbr fi `ibfotf rfdbtfotf fo ia kasf gf gaths gf \fstfro Vobho, sf tfográo quf `udpibdfotar thghs ihs gaths quf ohs bojhrdf fi sbstfda, y ia prðxbda vfz quf sf prfsfotf fi `ibfotf aparf`frá fo ia ibsta gf `ibfotfs gf \V]HP. Voa vfz bosfrtaghs ihs gaths gfi rfdbtfotf nay quf `udpibdfotar ihs gaths gfi paäs gf gfstboh fo fi apartagh ’BOJH[DA@BÐO GF W[AOPJF[FO@BA— Pf fiflbrá fi paäs a fovbar, sf bosfrtará ia dhofga gf foväh h ia dhofga quf sf qubfrf rf`bkbr fo gfstboh.
Nay quf hksfrvar quf pufgf nakfr varbas hp`bhofs gf dhofga gf palh fo fi paäs gf gfstboh, phr ih quf sf tbfof quf fiflbr `hrrf`tadfotf ia dhofga gf palh. Fo `ash gf tfofr quf `adkbar gf dhofga gf palh h fi paäs gf gfstboh, sf pufgf rfaibzar fi `adkbh gf dhofga gfspiflaogh oufvadfotf fi `nf`c ibst, sbo pfrgfr ihs gaths lrakaghs `ho aotfrbhrbgag. Bolrfsar ia `aotbgag gf gbofrh a fovbar, âsta pufgf sfr bolrfsaga fo dhofga ih`ai (furhs) ’@aotbgag gf foväh—, fo dhofga gfi paäs gf gfstboh, ’@aotbgag a rf`bkbr— h fo ’@aotbgag thtai— ghogf tf `ai`uia ia `aotbgag gfi dhoth prbo`bpai a fovbar dás ia `hdbsbðo. Pb fi paäs agdbtf fi sfrvb`bh gf fovbar dfosaefs, sf gfspiflará fi `adph ’añagbr dfosaef—, y sf bosfrtará fi dfosaef a fovbar. Wadkbâo bojhrdará fi sbstfda, sb fi `ibfotf tbfof uo `ðgblh gf prhdh`bðo. @ho fsths gaths fi sbstfda `ai`uiará fi bdphrtf gf ia traosjfrfo`ba. A `hotboua`bðo sf `udpibdfotará ihs sfrvb`bhs gf fotrfla gfi paäs gf gfstboh. Pb fi paäs oh tbfof sfrvb`bh gf fotrfla, fo fi sbstfda phr gfjf`th sf sfif``bhoará ’oboluoh—. Wfofr fo `ufota quf taoth ia Fotrfla Jäsb`a, ia Ohtbjb`a`bðo phr Wfiâjhoh h Gbrf`t th Kaoc, pufgfo tfofr `arlhs agb`bhoaifs, quf authdátb`adfotf sfráo `ai`uiaghs phr fi sbstfda, y sf fgbthrbai } `fp
7>0
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phgrá vbsuaibzar su bdphrtf fo ia vfotaoa gf \V]HP quf jblura fo ia partf bzqubfrga gf ia paotaiia, fo ia bojhrda`bðo gf ia traosjfrfo`ba h fo ia `hojbrda`bðo gf ia traosjfrfo`ba. Pb fi paäs agdbtf uo sfrvb`bh agb`bhoai gf fotrfla, sf `udpibdfotaráo thghs aqufiihs `adphs quf fi sbstfda rfqubfra. Fefdpih3 Gbrf`t th Kaoc. Voa vfz `udpibdfotagh ihs sfrvb`bhs gf fotrfla (sb fi `ibfotf shib`btð ailuoh gf fiihs), sf vfiará para quf thghs ihs gaths gfi `ibfotf `hbo`bgao `ho ia gh`udfota`bðo aphrtaga phr fi dbsdh. Pb fi `ibfotf ya fxbstf fo ia kasf gf gaths, fi sbstfda vufiva thghs ihs gaths gfi dbsdh tfobâoghihs õob`adfotf quf `htfear vbfogh quf `hbogb`fo `ho ia gh`udfota`bðo aphrtaga. Pb fi `ibfotf tbfof gbrf``bðo tfdphrai, sf botrhgu`bráo fo fi sbstfda adkas gbrf``bhofs. Fs gf`br, fo ia partf gaths gfi rfdbtfotf sf botrhgu`f fi ghdb`bibh quf jblura fo ia gh`udfota`bðo, sbo fdkarlh, fo gbrf``bðo tfdphrai sf phgrá botrhgu`br fi ghdb`bibh ghogf fstâ a`tuaidfotf rfsbgbfogh fi `ibfotf rfdbtfotf. A `hotboua`bðo fi sbstfda rfaibzará ia sblubfotf prfluota, ¸foväa fi gbofrh fo ohdkrf gf uo tfr`frh8 Oh/Pä. Pbfdprf nakrá quf sfif``bhoar ’OH— gfkbgh a quf \fstfro Vobho oh agdbtf fovähs a ohdkrf gf uo tfr`frh ob authrbza`bhofs. Gaths gfi kfofjb`barbh. Pf `udpibdfota fi ohdkrf gfi rf`fpthr sbfogh hp`bhoai fi sfluogh ohdkrf. Fo ’Fibea jhrdath— sf pufgf dhgbjb`ar para phofr apfiibgh patfroh y datfroh gfi kfofjb`barbh h sðih fi patfroh. Pfif``bhoadhs fo ]rf-bdprbdbr. \uphs gfvhivfrá fi dfosaef gf frrhr ’[6>;1 ‐ ]hr javhr botrhguz`a prhpðsbth váibgh— Fo dhtbvh gf ia traosa``bðo aparf`fo ias sblubfotfs hp`bhofs5 - Ayuga jadbibar / @hstf gf vbga - Anhrrh / Bovfrsbðo - [flaih - ]alh gf kbfofs h sfrvb`bhs / Wraosa``bðo `hdfr`bai - Lasths gf vbaef - Daträ`uia fs`hiar - Aiqubifr / Nbphtf`a - Fdfrlfo`ba / Ayuga dâgb`a - @arbgag / Ayuga para palhs - Oðdboas / Lasths gf fdpifaghs - Euflhs Pfif``bhoar ’prfbdprbdbr rf`bkh—, pfrh aotfs fs of`fsarbh `apturar ia bdalfo gf BG/Gh`udfoth—, prh`fgfdhs a sukbr ia bdalfo gfsgf Lfs`ao. 7>7
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Pf `hojbrda ia hpfra`bðo phr partf gfi fdpifagh y `hojbrdadhs ia `aotbgag thtai a `hkrar ai `ibfotf aohtáoghih fo fi `adph ’Aohtf ia `aotbgag thtai— y vaibgadhs fo ’@hojbrdar—. ]hr õitbdh, hktfogrfdhs fi oõdfrh gf `hotrhi (DW@O) `ho fi rfluargh fo paotaiia quf gfkfdhs bdprbdbr para gársfih ai `ibfotf rfdbtfotf `hdh eustbjb`aotf gfi foväh ya quf fo ia hjb`boa oh ohs qufgadhs `ho oboluoa `hpba, fi rfsluargh qufga rflbstragh fo fi sfrvbghr gf \V.
F. Dy \V Pbrvf para bos`rbkbr a uo `ibfotf fo fi prhlrada gf puoths gf ia tarefta gf \fstfro Vobho. @udpibdfotaghs thghs ihs gaths gfi sbstfda, \V]HP, asbloará uo oõdfrh gf tarefta ai `ibfotf, ghogf sf if bráo a`uduiaogh puoths, para quf âsths sfao `aoefaghs fo juturas traosa``bhofs. Oh sf fotrfla tarefta jäsb`a ai `ibfotf.
<. IÄOFA F@HOÐDB@A Ia iäofa f`hoðdb`a `hdprfogf ihs sblubfotfs prhgu`ths5 - @f`hlradas. - Ibkrhs. - Ibkrhs `ho tarefta. - ]ukib`hrrfh. - ]ukib`a`bhofs pfrbðgb`as. - ]ukib`a`bhofs pfrbðgb`as gf partbghs phibtb`hs y sbogb`aths. - ]ukib`bgag sbo gbrf``bðo (pukibkuzðo). - ]ukib`hrrfh ðptbdh. Whghs `br`uiao `hdh fovähs hrgboarbhs. Voa vfz bgfotbjb`agh fi prhgu`th, sf `hdprufka quf `udpif `ho thghs ihs rfqubsbths para `br`uiar phr @hrrfhs sflõo ia hp`bðo fiflbga5 ]fsh, `aotbgag däobda gf gfstboatarbhs, a`hogb`bhoadbfoth. Pf agdbtfo `hdprhkaogh quf fi a`hogb`bhoadbfoth `udpif ihs rfqubsbths of`fsarbhs para laraotbzar ia sflurbgag gfi `hotfobgh. Agfdás, sf gfkf tfofr fo `ufota quf gfkf prfsfotarsf akbfrth h fo fdkaiaefs quf ja`bibtfo su apfrtura, a jbo gf pfrdbtbr ia bospf``bðo gfi `hotfobgh. Fsths shkrfs akbfrths pufgfo sustbtubrsf phr fdkaiaefs gf piástb`h traosparfotf, quf pfrdbtao vfr su `hotfobgh, pfrh fo fstf `ash fi dhgfih gf fovasf gfkf fstar authrbzagh y `br`uiar shih phr fi sfrvb`bh botfrbhr.
fgbthrbai } `fp
7>6
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a. ]ukib`hrrfh fstáogar ]ara @hrrfhs, fi [fliadfoth quf rfluia ia prfsfota`bðo gf ihs Pfrvb`bhs ]hstaifs, `hosbgfra ]ukib`bgag Gbrf`ta ai foväh quf, gfstboagh a ia prhdh`bðo y vfota gf kbfofs y sfrvb`bhs, rfõoa agfdás ihs sblubfotfs rfqubsbths5 - Quf fstâ jhrdagh phr `uaiqubfr `hduob`a`bðo quf `hosbsta uob`adfotf fo aouo`bhs, fstugbhs gf dfr`agh h pukib`bgag. - Quf `hotfola uo dfosaef sbdbiar, auoquf fi ohdkrf, ia gbrf``bðo y `uaifsqubfra oõdfrhs `ho`rfths gf bgfotbjb`a`bðo quf sf asblofo a sus gfstboatarbhs, sfao gbstboths fo `aga `ash. - Quf sf rfdbta a dás gf 6== gfstboatarbhs, auoquf fsths sfáo gf ádkbth oa`bhoai h botfroa`bhoai. - Quf sf gbrbea a ias sfñas bogb`agas phr fi rfdbtfotf fo fi hkefth dbsdh h fo su fovhitura. - Quf su gbstrbku`bðo sf fjf`tõf fo shkrf akbfrth para ja`bibtar su bospf``bðo phstai. - Quf fo su `ukbfrta jblurf ia fxprfsbðo ]G (]ukib`bgag (]ukib`bgag Gbrf`ta) Gbrf`ta) a fjf`ths gf gf ja`bibtar ia bgfotbjb`a`bðo gf ihs fovähs. Fo ia shiapa sf bogb`ará "]ara bospf``bðo ]hstai akrbr aquä—. Ias `hduob`a`bhofs quf `hotbfofo ia pukib`bgag gbrf`ta `ho htrh hkefth fo fi dbsdh fovhithrbh, tfográo ia `hosbgfra`bðo phstai quf, phr su oaturaifza, pugbfra `hrrfsphogfr a gb`nh hkefth, `ho bogfpfogfo`ba gfi tratadbfoth quf rf`bkao a fjf`ths gf tarbja`bðo. Ihs `atáihlhs sf `hosbgfrao fovähs gf pukib`bgag gbrf`ta. Pho jhrdaths quf `hotbfofo gbrf``bhofs, puoths gf vfota u hjfrtas gf prhgu`ths. Ádkbth5 Oa`bhoai f Botfroa`bhoai. - Ádkbth Oa`bhoai5 Fspaña y Aoghrra5 ¼ Uhoa A5 Apib`akif a ia dbsda ih`aibgag gf hrblfo, a `apbtaifs gf prhvbo`ba, a ih`aibgagfs `ho Agdbobstra`bhofs gf @hrrfhs y a phkia`bhofs gf + gf 6=.=== nakbtaotfs. ¼ Uhoa K5 [fsth gf gfstbohs - Ádkbth Botfroa`bhoai5 thghs ihs paäsfs
k. ]ukib`hrrfh ðptbdh @ara`tfrästb`as5 - Quf fstâ jhrdagh phr `uaiqubfr `hduob`a`bðo quf `hosbsta fo `hduob`a`bhofs pukib`btarbas h prhdh`bhoaifs, dufstras, `atáihlhs, fstugbhs gf dfr`agh h pukib`bgag. - Quf `hotfola uo dfosaef sbdbiar, auoquf fi ohdkrf, ia gbrf``bðo y `uaiqubfr oõdfrh h `ðgblh gf bgfotbjb`a`bðo quf sf asblof a sus gfstboatarbhs, sfao gbstboths fo `aga `ash. - Quf sf rfdbta a dás gf 1== gfstboatarbhs phr rfdfsa. - Quf fo su `ukbfrta h fovhitura gfkf bogb`arsf quf sf trata gf uo foväh gf ]ukib`hrrfh Ðptbdh. Pho fovähs `ho gbrf``bðo. Ias sfñas phgráo jblurar fo fi hkefth dbsdh h fo su fovhitura. 7>:
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Fi pfrshoai authrbzagh gf @hrrfhs, fo fspf`bai fo fi prh`fsh gf agdbsbðo, phgrá `hdprhkar quf ihs fovähs `udpifo `ho `ara`tfrästb`as prhpbas gfi prhgu`th `hotratagh. Ádkbth5 Oa`bhoai (Fspaña y Aoghrra) ]fsh5 fi pfsh dáxbdh phr foväh sfrá gf >== lradhs.
`. ]ukibkuzðo Däobdh gf 1== fefdpiarfs.
g. Ibkrhs Quf fi rfdbtfotf sfa uoa fgbthrbai, gbstrbkubghra h `fotrh gf fosfñaoza phr `hrrfsphogfo`ba authrbzaghs.
f. ]ukib`a`bhofs pfrbðgb`as Authrbzaghs phr ia Gbrf``bðo @hdfr`bai gf @hrrfhs. Däobdh gf 6= fefdpiarfs phr rfdfsa.
J. @f`hlradas Whghs ihs fovähs para `bflhs fovbaghs a uoa hrlaobza`bðo para `bflhs h phr uoa hrlaobza`bðo para `bflhs h fovbaghs a uoa pfrshoa `bfla h para uoa pfrshoa `bfla, fstaráo fxhofraghs gf ias tasas phstaifs, `ho fx`iusbðo gf ias shkrftasas aârfas, fo ia dfgbga fo quf fshs fovähs sfao agdbtbghs `hdh taifs fo fi sfrvb`bh botfroh gfi hpfraghr gfsbloagh gf hrblfo. "]frshoa `bfla" sblobjb`a thga pfrshoa rflbstraga hjb`baidfotf `hdh `bfla h `ho gbs`apa`bgag vbsuai fo su paäs h quf rfsphogf a ias gfjbob`bhofs gf ia Hrlaobza`bðo Duogbai gf ia Paiug para pfrshoa `bfla h pfrshoa `ho kaea vbsbðo. "Hrlaobza`bðo para `bflhs" sblobjb`a uoa bostbtu`bðo h ash`ba`bðo quf atbfogf h rfprfsfota hjb`baidfotf a ias pfrshoas `bflas. Ihs fovähs para `bflhs bo`iuyfo ia `hrrfsphogfo`ba, ia ibtfratura, `uaiqubfra sfa su jhrdath (datfrbai augbtbvh), y ihs fqubphs h ihs datfrbaifs prhgu`bghs h agaptaghs para ayugar a ias pfrshoas `bflas a supfrar ihs prhkifdas gfrbvaghs gf su `flufra, tai `hdh sf bogb`a fo fi rfliadfoth rfiatbvh a Fovähs gf @hrrfsphogfo`ba.
>. FOZÄHP WFIFL[ÁJB@HP >.1 Wfiflradas Pfrvb`bh gf tfiflrada gf @hrrfhs `hosbstf fo ia traosdbsbðo phr väa fif`trðob`a gf uo tfxth para su fotrfla urlfotf ai gfstboatarbh fo uoa gbrf``bðo gftfrdboaga, a travâs gf uo aparath tâifx h para su `hduob`a`bðo ai gfstboatarbh tfifjðob`adfotf.
fgbthrbai } `fp
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A. @udpibdfota`bðo bdprfsh Fi `ibfotf gfkf rfiifoar fi bdprfsh gf agdbsbðo WL-1, ghogf aohtará ihs gaths rfiatbvhs ai gfstboatarbh, ghdb`bibh y ih`aibgag. Asbdbsdh, pufgf aohtar fi tfiâjhoh gfi gfstboatarbh. Fo fi `adph rfsfrvagh para ia gbrf``bðo pufgf fs`rbkbr `hdh gbrf``bðo váibga5 uo oõdfrh gf tfiâjhoh, h gf jax. Agfdás, sf `hosbgfrao gbrf``bhofs váibgas5 uo Apartagh gf @hrrfhs h ’Ibsta gf @hrrfhs—3 fo fsths `ashs sf utbibzará ia väa bogb`aga para ia fotrfla gfi tfiflrada. Ihs tfiflradas shih pufgfo gbrblbrsf a uo õob`h gfstboatarbh, phr ih quf auoquf ia gbrf``bðo sfa ia dbsda, sb fi `ibfotf qubfrf fovbar uo tfiflrada a varbhs gfstboatarbhs gfkfrá `hojf``bhoar taoths tfiflradas `hdh gfstboatarbhs naya. Kaeh ia gbrf``bðo jblura fi fspa`bh rfsfrvagh ai tfxth, ghogf fs`rbkbrá fi dfosaef quf qubfrf fovbar. Gfkf bojhrdarsf ai `ibfotf quf ihs gaths gf rfdbtfotf oh sf traosdbtfo a gfstboh a oh sfr quf sf bo`iuyao fo fi tfxth.
K. @hdprhka`bðo Voa vfz quf fi `ibfotf na rfiifoagh fi bdprfsh, fi fdpifagh supfrvbsa quf fs iflbkif y, fo `ash `hotrarbh, sf a`iarao ias paiakras gughsas. Nay quf tfofr fo `ufota quf sf gfkf traosdbtbr tfxtuaidfotf ih quf fi `ibfotf na rfiifoagh fo fi bdprfsh, utbibzaogh õob`adfotf `ara`tfrfs tfiflrájb`hs, phr ih quf, fo `ash gf quf aparfz`a fo fi tfxth ailõo `ará`tfr quf oh sf aeustf a ihs agdbtbghs sf gfkf avbsar ai `ibfotf para quf ihs aouif h sustbtuya. Pb sf rfaibzao `hrrf`bhofs fo fi bdprfsh, fi `ibfotf gfkf jbrdar su `hojhrdbgag `ho ia dhgbjb`a`bðo.
a. @ara`tfrfs tfiflrájb`hs agdbtbghs - Iftras5 A, K, K, @, G, F, J, L, N, B, E, C, I, D, O, Ñ, H, H, ], Q, [, P, W, V, Z, \, \, ^, R, R, U. - @bjras5 1, ;, 0, 7, 6, :, <, >, 2, =. - Pblohs5 S.T, S,T, S5T, S8T, S-T, S(T, S)T, S/T, S+T.
k. Wbphs y dhgaibgagfs gf tfiflradas • Pflõo fi gfstboh
- [âlbdfo BOWF[BH[5 Pho tfiflradas gbrblbghs ai tfrrbthrbh oa`bhoai y tadkbâo ihs botfr`adkbaghs fotrf Fspaña y Aoghrra. - [âlbdfo BOWF[OA@BHOAI5 Gbrblbghs ai fxtraoefrh. • Pflõo ias bogb`a`bhofs gf sfrvb`bh
- [fiatbvhs a ia sflurbgag gf ia vbga nudaoa (PZN)5 @ho prbhrbgag akshiuta gf traosdbsbðo y fotrfla. - Fxpfgbghs phr authrbgagfs h partb`uiarfs.
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fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
- Wfiflradas gf Fstagh (FWAW, (FWAW, FWA FWAW W ][BH[BWF)5 Fo fi râlbdfo botfroa`bhoai, botfr oa`bhoai, tratao gf asuoths gf fstagh. - [fiatbvhs a ias pfrshoas prhtflbgas fo tbfdph gf lufrra, phr ihs `hovfobhs gf Lbofkra ([@W). - Dftfhrhiðlb`hs (HKP)5 ihs botfr`adkbaghs fotrf gfpartadfoths gf ihs sfrvb`bhs gf dftfhrhihläa quf `hotbfofo fx`iusbvadfotf hksfrva`bhofs h prfvbsbhofs dftfhrhiðlb`as. - ]rbvbiflbaghs (@HOJF[FO@F)5 fsths tfiflradas sf traosdbtfo guraotf ias `hojfrfo`bas y rfuobhofs gf ia VBW. • Pfrvb`bhs fspf`baifs
Fsths sfrvb`bhs fspf`baifs sho ja`uitatbvhs gf `aga paäs5 - WJx5 fotrfla phr tfiâjhoh. - WI^x5 fotrfla phr tfifx. - JA^x5 fotrfla phr jax. - V[LFOW5 traosdbsbðo y fotrfla urlfotf. - ]@ - A@VPF GF [F@BKH5 avbsh ai fxpfgbghr gf gäa, nhra gf fotrfla y rf`fpthr. - Ex5 pfrbhgh gf rftfo`bðo gf ihs ragbhtfiflradas fo fsta`bhofs tfrrfstrfs.
@. @hdprhka`bðo gf paiakras y `hdputh gf paiakras Ias paiakras ias `ufota fi sbstfda. @ufota thgas ias paiakras quf vao a sfr traosdbtbgas5 - Ohdkrf gfi gfstboatarbh. - Gbrf``bðo. - Gfstboh. - Wfxth y jbrda (sb ia iifva). - Bogb`a`bhofs gf sfrvb`bh5 ]@, Vrlfotf, ft`. Pf na`f ia gbstbo`bðo fotrf oõdfrh gf paiakras rfaifs y oõdfrh gf uobgagfs tasakifs.
a. Oõdfrh gf paiakras rfaifs @hdh ohrda lfofrai, `aga paiakra, lruph gf `ara`tfrfs, fxprfsbðo h sbloh absiagh fs uoa paiakra rfai. Gfkfo gfs`artarsf ias uobhofs akusbvas, thdaogh sbfdprf `hdh rfjfrfo`ba para gfjbobr uoa paiakra absiaga, fi gb``bhoarbh gf ia ifolua `hrrfsphogbfotf. Fe5 IIFLHWA[GF (fs uoa uobðo akusbva, pufs sho ghs paiakras gbjfrfo`bagas). Pf `ufota `hdh ghs paiakras y oh `hdh uoa shia gf gbfz `ara`tfrfs. Pbo fdkarlh, oh gfkf phofrsf rfparhs `uaogh fo ia gbrf``bðo sf na`f ia rfuobðo sblubfotf5 @A[[FWAP ;7-1/H-A fgbthrbai } `fp
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Ai `hotar fi oõdfrh gf `ara`tfrfs, oh sf tbfofo fo `ufota ihs a`foths ob ias gbârfsbs. Fo fi `ðdputh y tasa`bðo nay quf sfñaiar ailuoas partb`uiarbgagfs5 - Ias bogb`a`bhofs gf sfrvb`bh, sf alrupao y sf `ufotao `hdh uoa paiakra rfai. - Fi ohdkrf gf ia hjb`boa phstai y tfiflrájb`a gf gfstboh, tai `hdh jblura fo ia prbdfra `hiudoa gfi ohdfo`iáthr h `hdpiftagh `ho `ðgblhs phstaifs u htrhs gaths para gbstbolubrihs gf htras hjb`boas, sf `ufota `hdh uoa paiakra rfai. Fo râlbdfo botfrbhr fi `ðgblh phstai oh sf `hotakbibza.
k. Oõdfrh gf uobgagfs tasakifs @aga paiakra, lruph gf `ara`tfrfs h fxprfsbðo quf oh fx`fga gf 1= `ara`tfrfs, sf `hdputa `hdh uoa uobgag tasakif. @uaogh uoa paiakra fx`fga gf 1= `ara`tfrfs, sf `hdputa a razðo gf uoa uobgag tasakif phr `aga 1= `ara`tfrfs h jra``bðo. Fstf `rbtfrbh ajf`ta a gbrf``bðo, gfstboh, tfxth y jbrda. Fo fi râlbdfo botfrbhr shih sf `ufotao ias paiakras rfaifs, oh fxbstfo ias paiakras ghkifs y oh sf `hdputao ihs `ara`tfrfs gfi `ðgblh phstai.
G. Aita fo B[BP ]ara `hdfozar fi aita gf uo tfiflrada fo Brbs sf gfkf a``fgfr ai dfou gf5 Agdbsbðo ??Wfiflradas, ghogf sf dufstra ia paotaiia bob`bai gf aita gf tfiflradas y fo ia quf sf sfif``bhoa fi tbph gf tfiflrada quf sf qubfrf agdbtbr y a dfgbga quf sf botrhgu`fo gaths, fi sbstfda va dhstraogh ihs `adphs of`fsarbhs para `hdpiftar ia agdbsbðo y gar gf aita fi tfiflrada. @uaogh sf na tfdboagh gf `hdpiftar ia paotaiia gf agdbsbðo sf pufgf puisar a`fptar y `ho fsta a``bðo ya fstá agdbtbgh fi tfiflrada para phgfr `hkarih ai `ibfotf y aida`foarih fo Brbs:, pfrh oh tbfof thga ia bojhrda`bðo of`fsarba para phgfr sfr fovbagh. @uaogh sf tfrdboao gf botrhgu`br ihs gaths fo ihs `adphs bogb`aghs sf a`tbva fi khtðo a`fptar, fs fi dhdfoth gf a`frtar para quf suka fi bdphrtf a khisa y fi sbstfda pbgf vaibgar fi bdprfsh WL-1 y fi tfiflrada qufga aida`foagh fo Brbs para su traosdbsbðo. Ai nakfr puisagh a`fptar, fi sbstfda ga `hdh agdbtbgh fi tfiflrada asbloáoghif uo oõdfrh y shib`btaogh quf sf botrhguz`a fi bdprfsh WL-1 fo ia bdprfshra para vaibgarih, a `hotboua`bðo sf shib`bta fi bdphrtf quf na sukbgh a khisa ai `ibfotf, sf `hkra gb`na khisa y sf if fotrfla ai `ibfotf fi tb`cft gf `aea h ia ja`tura y ia `hpba gfi WL-1 vaibgaga.
>.; Agdbsbðo gf Jax põkib`h (Kurhjax) A. Gfjbob`bðo Fi `ibfotf OH tbfof quf `udpibdfotar obolõo bdprfsh. Ihs gaths quf sf bosfrtao fo B[BP sf rf`hlfráo gfi gh`udfoth quf aphrta fi `ibfotf h vfrkaidfotf. ]ara rfaibzar ia agdbsbðo gf uo 72=
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Kurhjax, fo fi dfoõ gf bob`bh gf B[BP, gfotrh gf ias hp`bhofs gf agdbsbðo sfif``bhoadhs ’Jax—. Voa vfz quf a``fgfdhs ai jrhotai gf agdbsbðo gf Jax gfotrh gfi `adph ’Wbph— fiflbrfdhs gfotrh gfi gfspiflakif fi tbph gf Kurhjax quf fi `ibfotf gfsfa `hotratar. A `hotboua`bðo, bojhrdadhs fi ’Oõdfrh gf ]álboas— quf fi `ibfotf va a fovbar. Oh sf agdbtbráo pálboas fo kiao`h para traosdbtbrias. Fo ia pfstaña ’Gaths Gfstboh—, `hostará fi paäs ghogf sf foväa fi gh`udfoth (phr gfjf`th vbfof FP], Fspaña), fi ohdkrf y ihs apfiibghs gfi gfstboatarbh gfi gh`udfoth, ia gbrf``bðo, fi `ðgblh phstai y fi tfiâjhoh/jax (hp`bhoai). Pb fi Kurhjax sf rfdbtf a uo gfstboh botfroa`bhoai sf sfif``bhoa fo ’]aäs Gfstboh— ias bob`baifs gfi dbsdh, fo `ash gf gfs`hoh`fr ias puisadhs fo ia bdalfo gf ia iupa para su ih`aibza`bðo. Fi Kurhjax shih pufgf gbrblbrsf a uo õob`h gfstboatarbh, phr ih quf, auoquf ia gbrf``bðo sfa ia dbsda, sb fi `ibfotf qubfrf fovbar uo Kurhjax a varbhs gfstboatarbhs gfkfrá `hojf``bhoar taoths Kurhjax `hdh gfstboatarbhs naya. Fo ia pfstaña ’Gaths Hrblfo—, `hosta fi paäs (phr gfjf`th aparf`f FP], Fspaña), fi ohdkrf y ihs apfiibghs gfi rfdbtfotf, ia gbrf``bðo, fi `ðgblh phstai, y fi tfiâjhoh/jax (hp`bhoai).
Pakäa quf Fi rfdbtfotf tbfof ia ja`uitag gf shib`btar quf sus gaths sfao h`uitaghs ai gfstboatarbh, gf jhrda quf oh sf traosdbtao a gfstboh, pfrh qufgao gbsphob kifss para ia rfsh kif rfshiu`b iu`bðo ðo gf phsbkifs bo`bgfo`bas fo ia hjb`boa gf agdbsbðo. ]ara fiih a`tbvarfdhs ia `asbiia h`uitar gaths gfi rfdbtfotf.
K. Agdbsbðo dõitbpif Pb uo dbsdh rfdbtfotf va a fovbar varbhs Kurhjax a gbjfrfotfs gfstboatarbhs gfkfrfdhs a`tbvar fi `nf`c gf Agdbsbðo dõitbpif, gf fsta jhrda qufgao kihqufaghs ihs Gaths gf hrblfo y fvbtarfdhs tfofr quf `udpibdfotarihs oufvadfotf para `aga foväh. @uaogh nayadhs gagh gf aita fi õitbdh Kurhjax gfkfdhs puisar fo Jbo Agd. Dõitbpif3 gf fstf dhgh fo fi rfsluargh gf bdphsb`bðo para fi `ibfotf aparf`fráo alrupaghs thghs fiihs euoth ai `hogb`bhoagh gfi sfrvb`bh. Fo `ash gf gar gf kaea ailõo Kurhjax gf fsa agdbsbðo dõitbpif sf lfofra authdátb`adfotf uo oufvh rfsluargh `ho ia rfia`bðo gf ihs fovähs `hrrf`ths, fo fi quf oh jblura fi aouiagh. Fi prbdfr rfsluargh gfkf sfr gfstrubgh.
fgbthrbai } `fp
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@. Pfrvb`bhs agb`bhoaifs fiflbghs phr fi `ibfotf Pb fi `ibfotf gbsphof gf `hotrath, nay quf a`tbvar ia hp`bðo gf palh gbjfrbgh, fsta hp`bðo shih sf a`tbva fo fi Kurhjax ]rfdbud, ghogf nay quf gftaiiar fi oõdfrh gf `ibfotf y gf `hotrath `hrrfsphogbfotf. Fi bdphrtf gf gb`nas agdbsbhofs, oh sukbrá a khisa. Fo `ash gf jfstbvbgag fo ia ih`aibgag gf gfstboh, B[BP prfsfotará uoa vfotaoa bojhrdaogh gf fsa `hotbolfo`ba. Fo fstf `ash, sb fi `ibfotf gf`bgf a pfsar gf thgh fovbar fi jax, sf gfkf aohtar fo fi rfvfrsh gfi dbsdh ia bogb`a`bðo ’Agvfrtbgh gfi phsbkif rftrash— y rf`akar ia jbrda gfi rfdbtfotf kaeh ia aohta`bðo. Fs bdphrtaotf quf sf rfiifofo `hrrf`tadfotf ihs gaths quf ohs ja`bibtao ihs `ibfotfs, para fvbtar tfofr quf dhgbjb`arihs. Pb sf nao gf dhgbjb`ar, sbfdprf sf nará fi dbsdh gäa gf agdbsbðo y aotfs gf quf fi Kurhjax naya sbgh traosdbtbgh. Ihs gaths quf sf pufgfo dhgbjb`ar sho ihs gf rfdbtfotf y gfstboatarbh, ouo`a ihs vaihrfs añagbghs.
a. ]rufka gf fotrfla fif`trðob`a (]FF) h Jäsb`a (]FJ) @uaogh sf sfif``bhof ]FF (prufka gf fotrfla fif`trðob`a), fi `ibfotf rf`bkbrá uo `hrrfh bojhrdáoghif gfi rfsuitagh gf ia fotrfla gfi Kurhjax, fo fi f-dabi quf bogb`ð fo fi dhdfoth gf su agdbsbðo. Pb sf sfif``bhoa ]FJ, fi `ibfotf rf`bkbrá fo papfi ia prufka gf fotrfla (`hdh fi A[ a`tuai).
k. @frtbjb`a`bhofs y @hpbas @frtbjb`agas Ias `hpbas `frtbjb`agas sf pufgfo shib`btar fo fi dhdfoth gf ia bdphsb`bðo h `ho phstfrbhrbgag a âsta, akhoaogh ia tasa `hrrfsphogbfotf. Fo fi dhdfoth gf ia bdphsb`bðo fi rfdbtfotf, pufgf shib`btar uoa `hpba `frtbjb`aga, qufgáoghsf ia hjb`boa fo phgfr gfi gh`udfoth hrblboai, PHIH nasta lfofrar ia `frtbjb`a`bðo. Pb ia `hpba `frtbjb`aga fs shib`btaga `ho phstfrbhrbgag a ia traosdbsbðo, @hrrfhs pufgf fdbtbr `frtbjb`a`bhofs gf ihs dfosaefs traosdbtbghs sbo quf para fiih sfa of`fsarbh quf sf nayao qufgagh ihs gh`udfoths hrblboaifs fo ia hjb`boa pufs gb`nhs gh`udfoths sf `usthgbao fo f-gh`udfoth guraotf fi piazh quf naya fiflbgh fi `ibfotf fo fi dhdfoth gf ia agdbsbðo (:= h 1;= dfsfs). Fo fi `ash gf fovähs gbrblbghs a htrhs paäsfs, shih sf phgrá fdbtbr `frtbjb`a`bðo gf bdphsb`bðo, h `hpba `frtbjb`aga gf kurhjax bdpufsths fo oufstras hjb`boas, fs phr fiih quf ia `frtbjb`a`bðo na gf shib`btarsf fo fi dhdfoth gf ia bdphsb`bðo ya quf ia hjb`boa oh luargará gh`udfoths y gf ihs kurhjax botfroa`bhoaifs oh sf luarga `hpba fo f-gh`udfoth. Fo fstf sfotbgh, fs of`fsarbh bojhrdar ai `ibfotf quf para quf ia `frtbjb`a`bðo tfola vaibgfz fo fi paäs gf gfstboh, gfkfrá br ai `hosuiagh gf gb`nh paäs fo Fspaña y pfgbr quf if vbsfo ia `frtbjb`a`bðo fxpfgbga phr oufstra hjb`boa.
G. Avbsh gf sfrvb`bh (sfrvb`bh (sfrvb`bh tasagh) Pf shib`bta `ho phstfrbhrbgag a ia fxpfgb`bðo gf uo dfosaef. Dfgbaotf fstf sfrvb`bh, fi fxpfgbghr pufgf shib`btar ia dhgbjb`a`bðo gf ia gbrf``bðo gf uo dfosaef h ia aouia`bðo gfi dbsdh. 72;
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Wadkbâo sf gfkfo atfogfr gfsgf ias hjb`boas ias shib`btugfs gf aouia`bðo gf kurhjax quf nao sbgh bdpufsths ho ibof.
F. Lfofrar `arátuia y rfsluargh Bojhrdaghs ihs gaths fo fi sbstfda, sf if iffo ai `ibfotf ihs gaths lrakaghs, aotfs gf a`fptar ia lraka`bðo fo B[BP, para `hrrflbr ihs phsbkifs frrhrfs quf nukbâradhs phgbgh `hdftfr. Voa vfz vfrbjb`agh sf puisa a`fptar, y fi sbstfda ga gf aita fi Kurhjax, sukbfogh fi bdphrtf a khisa, lfofraogh uoa `arátuia `ho uoa oudfra`bðo OK^^^^ `ho thghs ihs gaths bojhrdaghs. Fsta `arátuia a`hdpañará sbfdprf a ihs gh`udfoths a traosdbtbr, fo fiia jblura tadkbâo ia jf`na, nhra gf agdbsbðo, tbph gf foväh, vaihrfs añagbghs y hjb`boa gf agdbsbðo. Fo fsta `arátuia jblura fi oõdfrh gf tfiâjhoh ([B@H5;::::) ai quf nay quf fovbar fi Kurhjax. Euoth a ia `arátuia fi sbstfda bdprbdf htra nhea `ho fi rfsluargh y fi `hogb`bhoagh, quf sf na gf fotrflar ai `ibfotf. Lfofraga ia `arátuia gfi Kurhjax sf ia prfsfotarfdhs ai `ibfotf, para quf jbrdf fo fi fspa`bh rfsfrvagh para fiih, a`fptaogh ia traosdbsbðo gf ihs gh`udfoths aphrtaghs. Fx`fp`bðo5 @uaogh fi oõdfrh gf Kurhjax a fovbar fs fifvagh y fi `ibfotf oh va a pfrdaof`fr fo ia hjb`boa nasta quf sf tfrdbof ia agdbsbðo gf gb`nhs fovähs, gfkf aphrtar uoa rfia`bðo ghogf jblurf gftaiiagh5 - Ohdkrf y gbrf``bðo gfi rfdbtfotf. - Ohdkrf y gbrf``bðo `hdpifta gf ihs gfstboatarbhs. - Oõdfrh gf gf pálboas gf quf `hosta `aga Kurhjax. Fsta rfia`bðo tbfof quf fstar jbrdaga phr fi rfdbtfotf y, fo `ash gf sfr pfrshoa eurägb`a, agfdás gfkfrá aparf`fr fi sfiih gf ia fdprfsa h fotbgag. Fsta rfia`bðo sf a`hdpañará a ihs Kurhjax uoa vfz agdbtbghs y traosdbtbghs `hdh prufka gfi `hojhrdf `ho ihs gaths gf gb`nhs fovähs. Fo `ash gf quf ihs gh`udfoths a traosdbtbr sf prfsfotfo fo uo fstagh quf nalao prfvfr quf oh iiflaráo `hrrf`ta-
fgbthrbai } `fp
Atfo`bðo Qufga fx`iubga gf fstf sfrvb`bh ia pftb`bðo gf a`iara`bðo shkrf ia fotrfla gf uo kurhjax, para fstf sfrvb`bh sf utbibzará ia shib`btug gf `frtbjb`a`bðo gf fotrfla.
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dfotf a gfstboh, sf nará `hostar gb`na `br`uostao`ba fo ia `ukbfrta gfi bdprfsh, `ho bogb`a`bðo gf quf sf nará ia traosdbsbðo `ho rbfslh gfi fxpfgbghr. Pb ihs gaths bdprfshs fo ia `arátuia gfi foväh `hotbfofo ailõo frrhr, quf bdpbga fi `hrrf`th fo`adboadbfoth a gfstboh, y fi Kurhjax aõo oh na sbgh traosdbtbgh, phgfdhs dhgbjb`ar ihs gaths gf rfdbtfotf y gfstboatarbh, bdprbdbâoghsf gf oufvh htra `arátuia y rfsluargh. Voa vfz rfbdprfsa sf na gf gfstrubr ia prbdbtbva para fvbtar frrhrfs. ]ara rfaibzar uoa dhgbjb`a`bðo fo fi dfoõ prbo`bpai, a``fgfdhs a Lfstbðo ?? Daotfobdbfoth ?? Jax. A `hotboua`bðo, jbitradhs para ih`aibzarih y phstfrbhrdfotf ih sfif``bhoadhs para phgfr `hosuitar ihs gaths gfi foväh y dhgbjb`arihs fo `ash gf sfr of`fsarbh.
J. @hkrar bdphrtfs y fotrflar fotrflar rfsluargh [faibzaga ia agdbsbðo, lfofraga ia `arátuia y fi rfluargh `ho `hogb`bhoagh3 sf prh`fgf ai `hkrh gfi bdphrtf `hrrfsphogbfotf, taoth sb fi `ibfotf na rfaibzagh uo foväh `hdh sb na rfaibzagh varbhs.
L. [faibzar ia traosdbsbðo Voa vfz agdbtbgh fi Kurhjax, sf prh`fgf a su foväh ai oõdfrh gf tfiâjhoh gfi sfrvbghr (sbfdprf fs fi ;:::: h 21.71>.>7.;>). Fsta traosdbsbðo gfkf sfr bodfgbata. @uaogh sf rfaibza ia traosdbsbðo gfi Kurhjax y âsta fs `hrrf`ta, fi rfphsbthrbh fo`adboa authdátb`adfotf fi Kurhjax a ia uobgag gf rfparth `hrrfsphogbfotf, para su fotrfla fo fi ghdb`bibh gfi gfstboatarbh, h a ia hjb`boa `uaogh ia fotrfla fs fo Ibsta h Apartaghs. ]ara ia traosdbsbðo gfi Jax sf prh`fgf gf bluai daofra, sðih quf sf dar`ará sbfdprf fi oõdfrh gf jax ja`bibtagh phr fi `ibfotf, quf tadkbâo jblura fo ia `arátuia lfofraga phr fi sbstfda. Fsta traosdbsbðo gfkf sfr bodfgbata, y fo fi `ash gf Jax aotfs gf fotrflar fi rf`bkh ai `ibfotf. @uaogh sf nao traosdbtbgh taoth fi jax `hdh fi Kurhjax, fi fqubph jax fdbtf uo bojhrdf gf traosdbsbðo, ghogf sf bogb`ao fi oõdfrh gf pálboas traosdbtbgas y fi rfsuitagh gf ia traosdbsbðo. Pb âsta oh fs `hrrf`ta u hjrf`f ailuoa guga sf rfpftbrá nasta quf fi rfsuitagh sfa fi fspfragh. Ihs gh`udfoths hrblboaifs aphrtaghs phr fi `ibfotf sho gfvufiths a âstf uoa vfz quf na jboaibzagh ia traosdbsbðo `ho rfsuitagh phsbtbvh. Fo `ash gf quf fi hrblboai sf prfsfotf fo uo fstagh quf nala prfvfr quf oh iiflará `hrrf`tadfotf a gfstboh, sf aohtará fo ia `asbiia gf ia `arátuia lfofraga ias sblias [F ([bfslh Fxpfgbghr) rf`hlbfogh ia jbrda gfi `ibfotf. A jbo gf fvbtar prhkifdas phstfrbhrfs, oh sf gará phr `hdpiftadfotf agdbtbgh uo Jax nasta quf sf naya phgbgh rfaibzar ia traosdbsbðo ai gfstboatarbh. Voa vfz traosdbtbghs ihs Jax/Kurhjax, rf`bkbgh fi hc y rfaibzagas ias `hpbas `frtbjb`agas `uaogh prh`fgao, ia gh`udfota`bðo fovbaga sf `hosfrvará guraotf uoa sfdaoa oaturai `ho 727
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
fi jbo gf phgfr rfshivfr bo`bgfo`bas quf pufgao nakfr surlbgh fo ia traosdbsbðo, `usthgbáoghsf fo fi dufkif ar`nbvaghr gf ia Hjb`boa. Wraos`urrbgh fstf piazh ias `arátuias y ia gh`udfota`bðo gf gb`nhs fovähs, sf na gf prh`fgfr a su gfstru``bðo gf jhrda sflura, oh sf `usthgbao fo ia hjb`boa ob sf ar`nbvao fo ia sfrbf =;. Fx`fp`bðo, sf daotfográ uoa `hpba fo ia Hjb`boa gf ia `arátuia y gf ihs gh`udfoths traosdbtbghs gf thghs ihs Kurhjax quf oh nayao phgbgh sfr traosdbtbghs phr jax y sf phstaib`fo. Fsths gh`udfoths sf nao gf ar`nbvar fo fi dufkif ar`nbvaghr y sbfdprf sfparaghs gf ihs kurhjax quf sä sf nao phgbgh traosdbtbr phr jax y quf `hdh sf na gb`nh fo fi puoth aotfrbhr fo uoa sfdaoa sf nao gf fovbar a gfstru``bðo sflura
2. AGDBPBÐO DAPBZA Ihs `ibfotfs `ho `hotrath pufgfo gfphsbtar ihs fovähs ageuotaogh uo aikaráo gf fotrfla, fo fi quf sf `hotfdpia uoa sfrbf gf gfs`ufoths fo juo`bðo gf5 - Gfstboh Fo juo`bðo gfi gfstboh sf gfjbofo 0 ádkbths5 ¼ Ih`ai sf apib`a a ihs fovähs `uyh gfstboh sfa ia dbsda ih`aibgag fo quf quf sf agdbtfo. ¼ Gfstboh 1 (G1) sf apib`a a ihs fovähs gbrblbghs a thgas ias `apbtaifs gf gf prhvbo`ba y a aqufiias ih`aibgagfs bo`iubgas fo ia rfia`bðo gbsphobkif fo fi daouai. ¼ Gfstboh ; (G;) sf apib`a ai rfsth gf gf ihs gfstbohs. gfstbohs. - Zhiudfo gf fovähs gf `aga gfpðsbth - Lragh gf prfpara`bðo5 `iasbjb`a`bðo y prfsfota`bðo fo ia hjb`boa. Fo juo`bðo gfi obvfi gf `iasbjb`a`bðo gf ihs fovähs prfsfotagh fo ia hjb`boa sf gfjbofo 0 lraghs5 - L=.- @uaogh ia prfpara`bðo y prfsfota`bðo oh sf aeusta a ih rfqufrbgh fo ihs lraghs 1 h ;. - L1.- @iasbjb`aghs phr prhvbo`bas, bo`iubghs fo `hotfofghrfs phr prhvbo`ba h zhoa y `hrrf`tadfotf bgfotbjb`aghs y rhtuiaghs. - L;.- @iasbjb`aghs phr `ðgblh phstai (6 gälbths), bo`iubghs fo `hotfofghrfs a gfstboh jboai y `hrrf`tadfotf bgfotbjb`aghs y rhtuiaghs `ho `ðgblh phstai y ih`aibgag.
2.1 Aikaraofs Fi `ibfotf pufgf prfsfotar trfs tbphs gf aikaraofs5 - Aikaráo `ho oukf gf puoths. Fstf aikaráo `hotbfof thga ia bojhrda`bðo fo uo `ðgblh iflb kif para ia pbsthia (; `hpbas). - Aikaráo `ho `ðgblh gf karras5 Fstf Fstf tbph gf aikaráo fstá prfrrflbstragh phr phr fi `ibfotf a travâs gf uoa apib`a`bðo gf Botfroft (; `hpbas). fgbthrbai } `fp
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- Aikaráo `hojf``bhoagh "a daoh" (; `hpbas). Whghs ihs aikaraofs gfkfo lrakarsf fo ia apib`a`bðo B[BP, a``fgbfogh ai dfoõ Agdbsbðo??Ai karaofs, y sfif``bhoaogh fi aikaráo quf aphrta fi `ibfotf. Oh pufgfo agdbtbrsf kaeh ia dhgaibgag gf aikaráo ihs sblubfotfs prhgu`ths5 - FDP/]aq ]rfdbud Botfroa`bhoai. - ]aq Ptaogarg Botfroa`bhoai. - ]aquftf Botfroa`bhoai F`hoðdb`h. - ]aq ]rfdbud. - ]aq Fstáogar. Ia agdbsbðo gf fstf tbph gf prhgu`ths gfkf na`frsf gf jhrda bogbvbguaibzaga fo ia paotaiia `hrrfsphogbfotf gf Brbs. Pfif``bhoaogh fi tbph gf jraoqufh5 ]alagh h Dáquboa gf jraoqufar, a`tbváoghsf ihs `adphs oµ gf `hotrath y `ibfotf y fs of`fsarbh botrhgu`brihs para bdputar fi bdphrtf gf gb`nh foväh ai `ibfotf. Fstf tbph gf fovähs oh fs of`fsarbh quf vfolao a`hdpañaghs gfi `hrrfsphogbfotf bdprfsh gf agdbsbðo5D-11A para ]aq ]rfdbud h D-11b para FDP-]AQ ]rfdbud Botfroa`bhoai y ]aq Ptaogarg ya quf sf pufgfo agdbtbr `ho gblbtaibza`bðo y ai tfrdboar ia agdbsbðo sf lfofra uo jhrduiarbh para fi `ibfotf.
2.; @hotrhi Pbfdprf sf na gf vfrbjb`ar quf fi `hotfobgh gfi aikaráo `hbo`bgf `ho ias fspf`bjb`a`bhofs gfjbobgas para `aga prhgu`th y dhgaibgag. @uaogh fi vhiudfo gf fovähs gfphsbtaghs phr fi `ibfotf fo vfotaobiia sfa duy oudfrhsh, sf a`tuará gf ia sblubfotf jhrda5 Phkrf uoa dufstra fxtraäga ai azar sf rfaibza fi `hotrhi `uaibtatbvh gf ihs fovähs3 fsths sf gfkfo agaptar a ias fspf`bjb`a`bhofs gfjbobgas para `aga prhgu`th y dhgaibgag. Fo ihs fovähs jraoqufaghs a dáquboa sf `hdprufka5 - @aibgag y jf`na gf ias fstadpa`bhofs. - Oõdfrh gf gf dáquboa quf jblura fo ias fstadpa`bhofs. - Jraoqufh gf ihs fovähs sflõo prhgu`th, dhgaibgag, tradh gf pfsh y gfstboh. Fo ihs fovähs `ho Jraoqufh ]alagh sf `hdprufka quf5 - Fo fi aovfrsh gf ihs fovähs jblura fi `aeftäo gf J] `ho ia ifyfoga ifyfoga `hrrfsphogbfotf. - Ihs fovähs pfrtfof`fo ai tradh y ádkbth gf gfstboh quf jblura fo fi aikaráo. Fo ihs fovähs `ho Jraoqufh @ho`frtagh sf `hdprufka quf5 - Fo ihs fovähs jblura fi `aeftäo / ifyfoga J@ Oµ. - Fi oµ gf J@ `hbo`bgf `ho fi hthrlagh a ia pukib`a`bðo. 72:
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
- Fi pfsh gfi fefdpiar fs `hrrf`th. - Ihs fovähs pfrtfof`fo ai tradh gf pfsh y ádkbth gf gfstboh quf quf jblura fo fi aikaráo gf fotrfla. Fi `hotrhi gf ihs ádkbths gf gfstboh sf nará dfgbaotf dufstrfhs, utbibzaogh ia ayuga para vfrbjb`ar ai quf pfrtfof`f uo gftfrdboagh `ðgblh phstai. @uaogh sf gftf`tfo fovähs gf thghs ihs ádkbths fo `aga uoh gf fiihs y rfsuitf bdphsbkif gftfrdboar `uáoths pfrtfof`fo a `aga lruph, ihs fovähs sf `hotakbibzao thghs `hdh gfi ádkbth G;. Fi `hotrhi `uaotbtatbvh sf fjf`tua shkrf `aga uoh gf ihs ádkbths gf gfstboh y tradh gf pfsh gbjfrfotf. Pf `hdprufka quf ihs lraghs gf `iasbjb`a`bðo gf `aga ádkbth gf gfstboh prfsfotaghs phr fi `ibfotf sf `hrrfsphogfo `ho ihs gftaiiaghs y quf ia rhtuia`bðo sf `hrrfsphogf `ho fi lragh gf `iasbjb`a`bðo.
2.0 Bojhrda`bðo ai `ibfotf fo `ash gf bo`bgfo`ba Pf na gf bojhrdar ai `ibfotf sbfdprf quf5 - Fo fi `hotrhi gf gf fovähs sf nayao agvfrtbgh agvfrtbgh gbs`rfpao`bas `ho ih rflbstragh fo fi aikaráo, ya quf uoa vfz ifägh âstf y aotfs gf agdbtbrih sfrá of`fsarbh dhgbjb`arih para ja`turar ai `ibfotf fi bdphrtf `hrrf`th. - Brbs gf ailõo dfosaef gf frrhr. - Pb fi aikaráo fs gf dáquboas gf jraoqufar, fo fi dhdfoth gf ia agdbsbðo, B[BP bojhrda sb nay gbs`rfpao`bas, fotrf ih quf jblura fo fi aikaráo y ia bojhrda`bðo gf ia apib`a`bðo. Dfosaef quf fdbtf B[BP fo "Jaita gf jraoqufh"5 fi bdphrtf oh `hbo`bgf `ho fi jraoqufh. A`fptar h @ao`fiar Dfosaef quf fdbtf B[BP fo "Phkrfjraoqufh"5 fi aikaráo va a sfr agdbtbgh `ho shkrfjraoqufh. ¸Gfsfa @hotbouar8
1=. AGDBPBÐO HJB@BOAP [V[AIFP 1=.1 Gfjbob`bðo Bgfotbjb`ar ia dhgaibgag fiflbga phr fi `ibfotf. Ihs sfrvb`bhs ruraifs / hjb`boas auxbibarfs (PP[[) oh pufgfo prfstar ihs sblubfotfs sfrvb`bhs5 - @hkrh gf rf`bkhs5 Oh sf phsff ia apib`a`bðo y pugbfra garsf ia `br`uostao`ba, ai sfr fovbagh fo vaibea quf fi rf`bkhvfo`bfra fsf dbsdh gäa. - Lbrh urlfotf5 Oh sf pufgf `udpibr `ho ihs piazhs gf fotrfla. - \fstfro Vobho5 Oh sf pufgf `udpibr `ho ihs piazhs gf fotrfla.
fgbthrbai } `fp
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Wfda <
- Wfiflradas y Kurhjax5 oh sf pufgf `udpibr `ho ihs piazhs gf fotrfla. Oh sf pufgfo agdbtbr aqufiihs hkefths `uya `br`uia`bðo phr @hrrfhs fstâ prhnbkbga. Ihs pfshs y dfgbgas gf ihs fovähs gfkfo fstar bo`iubghs gfotrh gf ihs däobdhs y dáxbdhs agdbtbghs. Pf `hotará fo ia Hjb`boa `ho ihs gh`udfoths a`tuaibzaghs fo `uaoth a pfshs, gbdfosbhofs y hkefths prhnbkbghs. Ihs fovähs phstaifs botfroa`bhoaifs (@arta `frtbjb`aga, ]aquftf iblnt, ]aquftf F`hoðdb`h botfroa`bhoai, ]aquftf ]rbhrbtarbh botfroa`bhoai y ]hstai Fxprâs botfroa`bhoai) utbibzao bdprfshs y ftbquftas gbjfrfotfs a ihs gf ádkbth oa`bhoai.
A. Bdprfshs y ftbquftas gf agdbsbðo @A[WA @F[WBJB@AGA (Fo Whgas Pus Dhgaibgagfs)5 d11b ]AQVFWF IBLNW,]AQVFWF ][BH[BWA[BH R F@HOÐDB@H R ]HPWAI F^][FP5 d11b Ftbquftas5 - @A[WA @F[WBJB@AGA5 [[ h [J (`frtbjb`agh), ZZ (vaihr (vaihr gf`iaragh).]frh para fovähs bogbvbguaifs oh fs of`fsarbh agnfrbrftbqufta, âsta sf bdprbdf fo ia Hjb`boa gf ia quf gfpfogf fi PP[[ ai gar gf aita fi foväh fo B[BP. - ][HGV@WH5 ]AQVFWF ]AQVFWF ][BH[BWA[BH ][BH[BWA[BH R F@HOÐDB@H y ]HPWAI ]HPWAI F^][FP5 Ia ftbqufta sf bdprbdf fo ia Hjb`boa gf ia quf gfpfogf fi PP[[ ai gar gf aita fi foväh fo B[BP. ]ara ia agdbsbðo gf ia `arta urlfotf hrgboarba, sf gfkf rfaibzar ia bogb`a`bðo gf "Fxprâs" fo fi aovfrsh gfi foväh. Fo ias agdbsbhofs uobtarbas gf `artas `frtbjb`agas, `artas `frtbjb`agas urlfotfs y vaihrfs gf`iaraghs, oh fs of`fsarbh agnfrbr ai foväh oboluoa ftbqufta prfbdprfsa, ia ftbqufta ia lfofrará B[BP `uaogh ia hjb`boa gf ia quf gfpfogf fi PP[[ ia lrakf, asä pufs, ai `ibfotf shih fs of`fsarbh fotrflarif su `hpba gfi D11b y phr fi oõdfrh gfi `ðgblh gf karras quf jblura fo âi, phgrá na`fr fi sflubdbfoth gf su foväh, ya quf fstf oõdfrh na gf sfr `apturagh phr fi agdbshr gf B[BP fo fi dhdfoth gf ia lraka`bðo. Fi fdpifagh agdbshr vfrbjb`a quf fi `ibfotf na rfiifoagh fi bdprfsh D11b fo thghs sus `adphs. Pf na gf vfrbjb`ar quf fo fi bdprfsh ihs gaths gf gfstboh y rfdbtf gfi foväh fstáo `hrrf`tadfotf `udpibdfotaghs.
K. Jraoqufh Fpfisa Wf`ifar fo ia Fpfisa ia dhgaibgag y vaihr añagbgh fiflbghs phr fi `ibfotf y gf fsta daofra hktfofr ia fstadpbiia `ho fi bdphrtf gfi jraoqufh. Pb oh sf gbsphof gf Fpfisa, sf agnbfrfo sfiihs gf ia JODW quf sustbtubráo a ia fstadpbiia gf ia Fpfisa. Ia `aotbgag gf `aga uoh gf ihs vaihrfs ja`baifs utbibzaghs sf rflbstra fo fi ibstagh gf vfota gf prhgu`ths para ibqubgarihs ai jboaibzar ia ehroaga.
72>
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Wras ia agdbsbðo gf `uaiqubfr foväh h vfota gf `uaiqubfr prhgu`th sf gfkf `hkrar ai `ibfotf ia `aotbgag `hrrfsphogbfotf. Oh sf pfrdbtf tfofr vaifs fo `aea. Fo fi supufsth gf fovähs prh`fgfotfs gf ia agdbsbðo ai pash, y fi foia`f rurai oh gbsphola gf sfiihs, y phr taoth oh nayao phgbgh sfr jraoqufaghs, sf `hosbgfra `hdh uoa agdbsbðo prhvbsbhoai y ihs fovähs sfráo agdbtbghs phr fi pfrshoai gf ia Hjb`boa. Fi Foia`f rurai fotrflará fi rfsluargh gfjbobtbvh gf agdbsbðo ai `ibfotf `ho phstfrbhrbgag. Bluai tratadbfoth tfográo aqufiihs fovähs `uya agdbsbðo gfka rfaibzarsf of`fsarbadfotf fo uoa Hjb`boa, `hdh lbrhs. Pf gfkf shib`btar ai dfohs ja`tura sbdpibjb`aga para fotrflar a `aga `ibfotf.
@. Aita B[BP Voa vfz rf`fp`bhoagh fi foväh y `hdprhkagh quf thgh fstá `hrrf`th y ihs bdprfshs gf agdbsbðo gfkbgadfotf `udpibdfotaghs, sf ga gf aita fo B[BP, lrakaogh ihs gaths fo fi sbstfda gf a`ufrgh `ho ia `atflhräa gf `aga foväh. Fo fi aita fo B[BP gf `artas `frtbjb`agas, `frtbjb`agas urlfotfs y ]aquftfräa na gf lrakarsf ia rfjfrfo`ba gfi D-11 para fi sflubdbfoth gfi foväh phr partf gfi `ibfotf. Pb fi rurai fs gf ihs quf utbibzao fstadpbiias, ai gar gf aita ihs fovähs fo B[BP na gf dar`arsf fi `nf`c "Zfota `ho fstadpbiiaghra", para quf fi lasth sf `arluf ai `hotrhi gf ia fstadpbiiaghra `hrrfsphogbfotf. Fo `ash gf gftf`tar ailuoa aohdaiäa, oh sf phgrá rfaibzar ia agdbsbðo, bojhrdaogh ai PP[[.
11. WV @H[[FHP (WBFOGAP ]HPWAIFP) ’Wu @hrrfhs— fs fi oufvh tbph gf hjb`boas rftabi gf @hrrfhs. Fo ;=1: sf na `hotbouagh bdpiaotaogh fi oufvh dhgfih gf dhgh quf, a jboai gf añh ;6= tbfogas ’Wu @hrrfhs— jhrdakao partf gf ias ;.7== hjb`boas phstaifs. Ias oufvas tbfogas ’Wu @hrrfhs— rfgu`fo ihs tbfdphs gf fspfra gfi `ibfotf, dfehrao ia fxpfrbfo`ba gf `hdpra y ja`bibtao ia a``fsbkbibgag, taoth a ia hjb`boa `hdh a sus prhgu`ths y sfrvb`bhs. Fi oufvh dhgfih, quf sf bob`bð a jboaifs gf ;=17 `ho ia apfrtura gf ia prbdfra hjb`boa fo Dagrbg, suphof uoa fvhiu`bðo gfi `ho`fpth gf hjb`boa y fstá kasagh fo trfs pbiarfs juogadfotaifs y `hdpifdfotarbhs5 uo oufvh `ho`fpth gf atfo`bðo ai `ibfotf, uo oufvh dhgfih gf vfota, y uo oufvh fstbih gf `hduob`a`bðo `ho ihs `ibfotfs. [fspf`th a ia atfo`bðo ai `ibfotf, fi lrao `adkbh fs fi asfshradbfoth pfrshoaibzagh, a travâs gf ia jblura gfi ’fdkaeaghr phstai—, uo fdpifagh quf hrbfota ai `ibfotf gfsgf su iiflaga a ia hjb`boa, para gftf`tar sus of`fsbgagfs, hjrf`frif ias shiu`bhofs gf @hrrfhs y ayugarif fo ih quf of`fsbtf. fgbthrbai } `fp
722
Wfda <
Zfstäkuih hjb`boa rftabi ’Wu @hrrfhs—
Wadkbâo sf nao bostaiagh uohs boohvaghrfs booh vaghrfs dhstraghrfs frlhoðdb`hs y thtaidfotf a``fsbkifs para thghs ihs `hif`tbvhs, fo `uyh gbsfñh sf na `hotagh, agfdás gf `ho ia `hiakhra`bðo gf ;== fdpifaghs gf @hrrfhs quf nao bgh aphrtaogh sulfrfo`bas gf dfehra, `ho fi asfshradbfoth gf varbas hrlaobza`bhofs gf gbs`apa`btaghs. Fsths dhgfihs javhrf`fo ia partb`bpa`bðo a`tbva gfi `ibfotf fo ia agdbsbðo y palh gf fovähs y ja`bibtao quf, taoth `ibfotfs `hdh fdpifaghs, tfolao thgh ih quf of`fsbtao a su ai`ao`f, ih quf albibza ias lfstbhofs y rfgu`f sblobjb`atbvadfotf ihs tbfdphs gf fspfra. Htrh fifdfoth quf `hotrbkuyf a fsa albibgag fs quf sf na rfgu`bgh ia prfsfo`ba gf papfi f bdprfshs, lra`bas a ia pufsta a gbsphsb`bðo gf ihs `ibfotfs gf takiftas gblbtaifs fo ias quf fi prhpbh `ibfotf rfiifoa fi jhrduiarbh quf `hrrfsphogf a su foväh, bojhrda`bðo quf iifla gbrf`tadfotf ai fdpifagh fo`arlagh gf atfogfrif. Gf fstf dhgh, fi prh`fsh gf agdbsbðo fs du`nh dás rápbgh y fi fdpifagh pufgf gfgb`ar dás tbfdph a rfshivfr ias `hosuitas dás `hdpifeas quf pufga piaotfar fi `ibfotf. Fo `uaoth ai dhgfih gf oflh`bh, ’WV @H[[FHP— tbfof `hdh hkeftbvh phofr ai `ibfotf fo fi `fotrh gf ia a``bðo. ]ara fiih, sf nao rfaibzagh dfehras fo fi fspa`bh para adpibar ia zhoa gbsphobkif para fi `ibfotf, `ho dufkifs fxphsbthrfs gf prhgu`ths y vfota fo authsfrvb`bh quf ja`bibtao su gf`bsbðo gf `hdpra, y oufvhs prhgu`ths hrgfoaghs phr árfas tfdátb`as (prhgu`ths gf `hovfobfo`ba, bojaotbifs, ibkrfräa, a``fshrbhs gf vbaefs, ft`.). ]hr õitbdh, fo ias oufvas hjb`boas sf vbsuaibza uo oufvh dhgfih gf `hduob`a`bðo `ho ihs `ibfotfs, a travâs gf ia `artfifräa quf gbjuogf y gfsta`a ihs vaihrfs tragb`bhoaifs y oufvhs gf @hrrfhs5 sflurbgag, `hojbaoza y `fr`aoäa, asä `hdh tf`ohihläa, boohva`bðo, gblbtaibza`bðo y sfrvb`bhs para fi f-`hddfr`f. Fsta tbfoga, gf gbsfñh vaoluargbsta, prfsfota `hdh lraogfs ohvfgagfs fo ia gbvfrsbgag gf hjfrta5 - Ia `hdfr`baibza`bðo gf fdkaiaefs ’ibkrfs gf sfrvb`bh—. 6==
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
- Wraosjfrfo`bas \fstfr Vobho. - ’Fi [bo`ðo gfi `hif`` `hif``bhobsta—, bhobsta—, ghogf ghogf fstáo fxpufsths fxpufsths ihs ibkrhs gf gf Jbiatfiba, ias õitbdas fdbsbhofs gf sfiihs y uo vbsthsh dufstrarbh gf dfr`naogbsbol, `ho dbobaturas gf kuzhofs, jurlhoftas gf euluftf y rfprhgu``bhofs gf ias vbfeas sa`as phstaifs. - Vo fspa`bh ;7/<, fs gf`br, uoa zhoa pfrdaofotfdfotf akbfrta y a gbsphsb`bðo gfi `ibfotf, quf bo`iuyf fi a``fsh a sfrvb`bhs `hdh fi @bty]aq (dáquboas gf fotrfla authdátb`a gf paquftfräa), fi a``fsh a apartaghs pfrshoaifs sbo iädbtf nhrarbh.
A. ]ufsth gf atfo`bðo ai põkib`h Fi pufsth gf atfo`bðo ai `ibfotf fo ias oufvas hjb`boas, ’Wu @hrrfhs— sf iiada dufkif fdkaeaghr y fstá ghtagh gf ihs sblubfotfs fifdfoths5 - 1 Hrgfoaghr (@]V, paotaiia, tf`iagh y ratðo) - 1 If`thr gf `ðgblhs gf karras boaiádkrb`h - 1 Fibdboaghr gf aiarda - 1 @aeðo ]hrtadhofgas - 1 Zfrbjb`aghr gf kbiiftfs - 1 Bdprfshra gf Wb`cfts - 1 Bdprfshra Zaibgaghra - 1 Wakifta gf `aptura gf jbrdas - 1 ]BO pag para fi `hkrh `ho tarefta @ho `rbtfrbh lfofrai fi dufkif fdkaeaghr fstará `hof`tagh fo rfg a uo fqubph duitbjuo`bðo quf sf fo`ufotrf fo ia zhoa gf Ka`c Hjjb`f gf ia hjb`boa. Fo ias hjb`boas quf phr su a`tbvbgag sf `hosbgfrf of`fsarbh, sf phgrá ghtar gf uo fqubph duitbjuo`bðo fo fi prhpbh pufsth gfi fdkaeaghr.
1;. @HDVOB@A@BÐO FO IA HJB@BOA Fi Gbrf`thr h ia pfrshoa rfsphosakif fo fsf dhdfoth fo ia hjb`boa sfrá ia quf gfkf iffr ia bojhrda`bðo quf iifla y prh`fgfrá, sflõo ihs `ashs, a5 - Bojhrdar ai rfsth gf ia hjb`boa phr dfgbh gfi takiðo gf gf aouo`bhs h fo uoa rfuobðo. - A`tuar `hojhrdf sf fstakifz`a sb sf rfjbfrf a tfdas hrlaobzatbvhs gf ia hjb`boa. - Bovfstblar fi tfda quf sf piaotfa, sb sf trata gf uoa shib`btug gf bojhrda`bðo/gh`udfota`bðo rfiatbva a ailuoa a`tbvbgag, sfrvb`bh prfstagh h nf`nh h`urrbgh fo ia hjb`boa. Fi tbph gf `hduob`a`bðo quf sf pufgf rf`bkbr fs duy varbagh. Gfsgf uoa @hduob`a`bðo Botfroa a uo fdabi.
fgbthrbai } `fp
6=1
Wfda <
Gfsgf ia Gbrf``bðo gf Hpfra`bhofs, fo `ho`rfth gfsgf ia Gbrf``bðo ageuota gf Hpfra`bhofs sf pufgf shib`btar a ias hjb`boas, väa `hrrfh fif`trðob`h, bojhrda`bðo h gh`udfota`bðo prfvbadfotf shib`btaga a @hrrfhs phr euzlaghs, `hdbsarbas, ft`. Gfsgf ias hjb`boas sf `hotfstará phr fsta dbsda väa -`hrrfh fif`trhob`h a dfohs quf, a `ausa gf ia oaturaifza gf ia gh`udfota`bðo quf tbfof quf aphrtarsf, sf gfka usar vaibea. Pf pufgf utbibzar tadkbfo fi jax para na`fr iiflar fsta gh`udfota`bðo. Pb phr ailõo dhtbvh sf va a targar dás gf uoa sfdaoa fo ja`bibtar ia bojhrda`bðo shib`btaga, gfsgf ia hjb`boa sf rfdbtbrá uo fdabi bojhrdaogh gf fstf rftrash y fxpib`aogh fi dhtbvh gfi dbsdh. Voa vfz quf sf tfola ia bojhrda`bðo y/h gh`udfota`bðo quf sf nakäa shib`btagh sf rfdbtbrá ih aotfs phsbkif `hojhrdf a ih gb`nh aotfrbhrdfotf. Ias bojhrda`bhofs h bostru``bhofs quf pufgfo iiflar a ia hjb`boa, `hdh uoa Ohta Bojhrdatbva, pufgfo rfqufrbr quf fi Gbrf`thr h fi rfsphosakif gf ia dbsda fo fsf dhdfoth, iifvf a `akh ailuoa a`tua`bðo, tfogfotf a `hduob`ar -a su vfz a ias pfrshoas gf ia hjb`boa ias gbrf`trb`fs gagas. Fsth sf nará a travâs gf rfuobhofs, `hduob`aghs fo fi takiðo gf ia hjb`boa... ft`. sflõo sfa dás agf`uagh fo `aga `ash. Fstf tbph gf `hduob`a`bhofs, sho rfdbtbghs a ia hjb`boa, sbo obolõo tbph gf rflbstrh. A ia hjb`boa iiflao tadkbfo @hduob`a`bhofs Botfroas. Pho `hduob`a`bhofs hjb`baifs fo papfi h fo `hrrfh fif`trðob`h, rflbstragas, `ho oõdfrh gf saibga y jf`na. Oh fs of`fsarbh iifvar uo rflbstrh gf fstas `hduob`a`bhofs. Pf gfkfrá ar`nbvar `hpba gf ias `hduob`a`bhofs hjb`baifs rf`fp`bhoagas fo uoa `arpfta fo fi dufkif ar`nbvaghr gf ia hjb`boa. Nay uoa sfrbf gf gh`udfoths h `hduob`a`bhofs `hrphratbvas quf hkiblathrbadfotf gfkfo fstar fxpufsths fo ia Hjb`boa. Fo ih quf rfspf`ta ai Pbstfda gf Lfstbðo gf ia @aibgag sf gfkf gbsphofr gf uoa partf gfi takiðo gf aouo`bhs quf `hotfola hkiblathrbadfotf ihs sblubfotfs gh`udfoths5 - @uagrh gf hkeftbvhs gf `aibgag. - @uagrh rfsudfo gf sflubdbfoth gf hkeftbvhs gf `aibgag y gf bogb`aghrfs gf prh`fshs. Ia ]hiätb`a gf Fx`fifo`ba y Phstfobkbibgag oh gfkfrá fxphofrsf fo fi @uagrh gf Pfrvb`bhs gfi vfstäkuih ob fi Wakiðo gf aouo`bhs botfroh. Oh fstá pukib`aga fo @hof`ta, gfkf `hosuitarsf fo ia pálboa wfk gf @hrrfhs.
6=;
fgbthrbai } `fp
J[AOQVFH. ][BO@B]BHP LFOF[AIFP
FPQVFDA
fgbthrbai } `fp
<
Pbstfdas gf jraoqufh Pfiihs gf @hrrfhs @aoef gf sfiihs ]rh`fsh gf `aea fo @hrrfhs Pfiihs u htrhs sblohs gbstbotbvhs prfvbadfotf fstadpaghs Bdprfsbhofs gf dáquboas gf jraoqufar ]rhnbkb`bhofs lfofraifs fo fi ush gf dáquboas gf jraoqufar Phib`btug gf ush Fi prh`fgbdbfoth gf authrbza`bðo ]alh gfi jraoqufh Hpfratbva `ho ia dáquboa gf jraoqufar Bospf``bðo, daotfobdbfoth y rfpara`bhofs Dar`as gf jraoqufh Bo`bgfo`bas @hogb`bhofs gf agdbsbðo @ara`tfrästb`as gf sflurbgag gf ia tf`ohihläa gblbtai Gfpðsbth Fstadpbiias Fstadpbiias AWD Jraoqufhs gf palh gbjfrbgh ]alh Gbjfrbgh gf ]aquftfräa ]alh Gbjfrbgh gf Ibkrhs Jraoqufh ]alagh Jraoqufh @ho`frtagh Jraoqufh fo Gfstboh @@[B Jhrdath Htrhs paäsfs ]rfpalh Zaifs-[fspufsta (’@HV]HO-[F]HOPF—) (’@HV]HO -[F]HOPF—) Jraoqufh fif`trðob`h
6=0
Fsqufda <
Wu sfiih Zaihrfs @ara`tfrästb`as Wâ`ob`as Jraoqufh dfgbaotf ftbquftas B[BP (Agdbsbðo sbo sfiihs)
Brrfluiarbgagfs fo datfrba gf jraoqufh Brrfluiarbgagfs Hpfratbva fovähs `ho bosujb`bfo`ba gf jraoqufh Fovähs bosujb`bfotfdfotf jraoqufaghs
DFGBHP GF ]ALH FO HJB@BOAP GF @H[[FHP Kbiiftfs y dhofga dftáib`a gf `ursh iflai Wraosjfrfo`ba kao`arba kao`arba f Bolrfsh B olrfsh fo `ufota Wareftas kao`arbas Warefta gf ]rfpalh @hrrfhs Wbph gf tareftas Iädbtfs Aita Gaths [f`arla gf ia tarefta y `hstfs Iädbtf phr traosa``bðo [ffdpiazh gf tareftas Lhhlif ]ay ]rfpalh @adboh gf Paotbalh Warefta dás @fr`a @aoefar vaifs ]rhlrada ]hstibkrbs Warefta rflaih Warefta [flaih Aib Fxprfss Warefta Wravfi @iuk Kfofjb`bhs para ias `hdpras fo @hrrfhs
6=7
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
Fdbsbðo gf ja`turas para palhs ai `hotagh aotfs gf tfrdboagas sus hpfra`bhofs, sb of`fsbtao ja`tura h oh Ja`turas rf`apbtuiatbvas Pfrvb`bhs ruraifs
AGDBPBÐO GF IAP GBPWBOWAP DHGAIBGAGFP R @AWFLH[ÄAP GF IA @H[[FP]HOGFO@BA H[GBOA[BA, @F[WBJB@AGA R @HO ZAIH[ GF@IA[AGH @ho`fpth y jasfs Wbphs gf fovähs Pfrvb`bhs gf fovähs lfofraifs Pfrvb`bhs gf fovähs `frtbjb`aghs Pfrvb`bhs gf fovähs `ho vaihr gf`iaragh Hpfra`bhofs gf agdbsbðo Hkefths prhnbkbghs para `br`uiar phr @hrrfhs Foudfra`bðo gf hkefths prhnbkbghs Agdbsbðo dfr`ao`bas pfiblrhsas Dfr`ao`äas pfiblrhsas para fi traosphrtf aârfh Dfr`ao`äas pfiblrhsas agdbsbkifs para su `ursh phr väa aârfa Hkibla`bhofs gfi rfdbtfotf Hkibla`bhofs gfi pfrshoai gf atfo`bðo ai `ibfotf Fdkaiaefs prhnbkbghs Agdbtbr fi foväh @hdprhka`bðo gfi `hotfobgh gf ihs fovähs ]rh`fgbdbfoth a sflubr `ho ihs hkefths prhnbkbghs
AGDBPBÐO GF ][HGV@WHP @arta hrgboarba Agdbsbðo fo kuzðo Agdbsbðo fo hjb`boa Agdbsbðo sboluiarbzaga Agdbsbðo fo `aotbgag @arta hrgboarba botfroa`bhoai
fgbthrbai } `fp
6=6
Fsqufda <
Agdbsbðo gf fovähs rflbstraghs (ohrda lfofrai) Jðrduias gf rflbstrar fovähs aotfs gf br a @hrrfhs Jhrduiarbh Hoibof (]rf-rflbstrh) ]hrtai gf gfvhiu`bhofs Hjb`boa ]hstai Zbrtuai Agdbsbðo gblbtaibzaga gf fovähs rflbstraghs Agdbsbðo bogbvbguaibzaga Agdbsbðo dõitbpif Agdbsbðo phr prflrakaghs @arta `frtbjb`aga oa`bhoai rffdkhish @arta `frtbjb`aga botfroa`bhoai rffdkhish Ohtbjb`a`bhofs Agdbsbðo phr fi sbstfda gf prh`fgbdbfoth agdbobstratbvh ]rh`fsh gf agdbsbðo Zaihrfs Gf`iaraghs @arta hrgboarba urlfotf @arta urlfotf botfroa`bhoai @arta `frtbjb`aga urlfotf Oa`bhoai Botfroa`bhoai ]aq Iblnt
AGDBPBÐO ]AQVFWF[ÄA LFOÂ[B@A Agdbsbðo gf paquftfräa botfroa`bhoai (lfofrb`a) Agdbsbðo ]aq 1=-17 -;7 Fovähs oa`bhoaifs5 ]aq1=, ]aq17 h ]aq;7 nhras Fovähs botfroa`bhoaifs5 @ho fdkaiaefs ibkrf sfrvb`bh y ]aq ;7 para ]hrtulai Lraka`bðo gaths ]aq [fthroh Jhrda gf palh
6=:
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
]rhgu`ths gf paquftfräa Dhgaibgagfs gf gbstrbku`bðo Fdkaiaef @hosbgfra`bhofs prfvbas a ia agdbsbðo Fovähs prfrrflbstraghs5 IB, I0 Fovähs sbo ]rfrrflbstrh5 PO ]rh`fgbdbfoth hpfratbvh gf agdbsbðo Agdbsbðo gf uo foväh `ho prfrrflbstragh Agdbsbðo gf uo foväh sbo prfrrflbstrh Fovähs `ho fdkaiaefs
]aq Kb`b`ifta Agdbsbðo Oa`bhoai Agdbsbðo Botfroa`bhoai Agdbsbðo fqubpaefs [fojf Hjb`boa gf agdbsbðo ]rh`fsh gf agdbsbðo Htrhs kuiths Fotrfla fo hjb`boa Agdbsbðo gf fovähs `ho trádbtfs aguaofrhs aguaofrhs Gfjbob`bðo gf fovähs ]rhgu`ths sus`fptbkifs gf trádbtfs aguaofrhs Ádkbth Bdprfshs/gh`udfoths @O;;-@O;0 @]<; Ja`tura GVA @hrrfhs GVA htrhs FAB-W;IJ Ja`turas fovähs a @aoarbas gf vaihr bojfrbhr a ;; ₩ Gh`udfota`bðo supifdfotarba Agdbsbðo (`hotfobgh dfr`ao`bas)
fgbthrbai } `fp
6=<
Fsqufda <
Fsqufda gf gh`udfota`bðo trádbtfs aguaofrhs fxphrta`bðo
]ftb`bðo gfvhiu`bðo paquftfräa botfroa`bhoai b otfroa`bhoai
FOZÄH GF GBOF[H Agdbsbðo Lbrh `ho PFGB A``fsh a ia juo`bhoaibgag gf aita gf uoa hrgfo gf foväh gf gbofrh @hdparaghr gf sfrvb`bhs Gar gf aita gf uoa hrgfo gf foväh Gaths lfofraifs Lbrh Oa`bhoai Lbrh Hjb`bai Oa`bhoai Lbrh fotrfla botfroa`bhoai Pfrvb`bhs gf fotrfla agb`bhoaifs Fotrfla bodfgbata Fotrfla a ghdb`bibh Foväh a prbsbhofs Agdbsbðo Lbrhs gf dfohrfs gf fgag @FGB@H @hrrfhs @asn agdbsbðo Phib`btar bolrfsh fo @@ gfsgf A]] gf su Kao`h (@ibfotf) Phib`btar rftbraga fjf`tbvh fo A]] gf su KAO@H (@ibfotf) @nfqufs Dfgbhiaoud Zfrbjb`ar `nfquf (Atfo`bðo ai põkib`h, Gbrf`thr gf Hjb`boa) @udpibdfotar bdprfsh gf bolrfsh gf `nfquf sbo `ðgblh (Atfo`bðo ai põkib`h, Gbrf`thr gf Hjb`boa) @udpibdfotar bdprfsh gf bolrfsh gf `nfquf `ho `ðgblh (Atfo`bðo ai põkib`h, Gbrf`thr gf Hjb`boa) Bdprbdbr jhrduiarbh y fovbarih W[BHGHP KAC \fstfro Vobho Gfjbob`bðo A``fsh
6=>
fgbthrbai } `fp
]rh`fshs gf agdbsbðo
]aotaiia bob`bh `ho sus juo`bhofs prbo`bpaifs. Jhrdaibza`bðo Dy \V
IÄOFA F@HOÐDB@A ]ukib`hrrfh fstáogar ]ukib`hrrfh ðptbdh ]ukibkuzðo Ibkrhs ]ukib`a`bhofs pfrbðgb`as @f`hlradas
FOZÄHP WFIFL[ÁJB@HP Wfiflradas @udpibdfota`bðo bdprfsh @hdprhka`bðo @ara`tfrfs tfiflrájb`hs agdbtbghs Wbphs y dhgaibgagfs gf tfiflradas @hdprhka`bðo gf paiakras y `hdputh gf paiakras Oõdfrh gf paiakras rfaifs Oõdfrh gf uobgagfs tasakifs Aita fo B[BP Agdbsbðo gf Jax põkib`h (Kurhjax) Gfjbob`bðo Agdbsbðo dõitbpif Pfrvb`bhs agb`bhoaifs fiflbghs phr fi `ibfotf ]rufka gf fotrfla fif`trðob`a (]FF) h Jäsb`a (]FJ) @frtbjb`a`bhofs y @hpbas @frtbjb`agas Avbsh gf sfrvb`bh (sfrvb`bh tasagh) Lfofrar `arátuia y rfsluargh @hkrar bdphrtfs y fotrflar rfsluargh [faibzar ia traosdbsbðo
fgbthrbai } `fp
6=2
Fsqufda <
AGDBPBÐO DAPBZA Aikaraofs @hotrhi Bojhrda`bðo ai `ibfotf fo `ash gf bo`bgfo`ba
AGDBPBÐO HJB@BOAP [V[AIFP Gfjbob`bðo Bdprfshs y ftbquftas gf agdbsbðo Jraoqufh Fpfisa Aita B[BP
WV @H[[FHP (WBFOGAP ]HPWAIFP) ]ufsth gf atfo`bðo ai põkib`h
@HDVOB@A@BÐO FO IA HJB@BOA
61=
fgbthrbai } `fp