Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth [HDH[HFLNA\ @HEN\@AYNTA\ [ha` Ihlrhtb 13;>/1>>>, ih < ih inlnhokrh, pbr h` quh sh apruhka h` [he`aohftb pbr h` quh sh rheu`a `a prhstalnüf ih `bs shrvnlnbs pbsta`hs, hf ihsarrb``b ih `b hstak`hlnib hf `a @hy @ hy ;9/1>>3, ih 1< ih ju`nb, ih` \hrvnlnb Wbsta` Xfnvhrsa` y ih @nkhra`nzalnüf ih `bs \hrvnlnbs Wbsta`hs, luya ú`tnoa obindnlalnüf sh ca puk`nlaib pbr [ha` Ihlrhtb 87/1>>>, ih < ih inlnhokrh, pbr h` quh sh apruhka h` [he`aohftb pbr h` quh sh rheu`a `a prhstalnüf ih `bs shrvnlnbs pbsta`hs hf ihsarrb``b ih `b hstak`hlnib hf `a @hy ;9/1>>3, ih 1< ih ju`nb, ih` shrvnlnb pbsta` ufnvhrsa` y ih `nkhra`nzalnüf ih `bs shrvnlnbs pbsta`hs
YHOA
3
@hy <1/1>>8, ih 3 ih fbvnhokrh, ih prhvhflnüf ih [nhsebs @akbra`hs, luya ú`tnoa obindnlalnüf sh ca prbiulnib pbr @hy <8/;719, ih ;4 ih inlnhokrh, pbr `a quh sh obindnla h` thxtb rhdufinib ih `a @hy Ehfhra` ih `a \heurniai \blna` hf rh`alnüf lbf h` rîenohf jurïinlb ih `as Outuas ih Allnihfths ih Yrakajb y Hfdhrohiaihs Wrbdhsnbfa`hs ih `a \heurniai \blna` [ha` Ihlrhtb 935/1>>5, ih 19 ih akrn`, sbkrh inspbsnlnbfhs oïfnoas ih sheurniai y sa`ui rh`atnvas a `a oafnpu`alnüf oafua` ih lareas quh hftrañh rnhsebs, hf partnlu`ar ibrsb`uokarhs, para `bs trakajaibrhs
UHKE[ADÏA Brnehf ih `bs ibluohftbs hf`azaibs: cttps://www.kbh.hs. Dhlca ih lbfsu`ta dhkrhrb ;71>
BKJHYNTB\ Afa`nzar `bs prblhinonhftbs ih trataonhftb ih `a lbrrhspbfihflna lbrrhspbfihflna Hxaonfar `a l`asndnlalnüf hfvïbs aiontnibs hf Bdnlnfas lbf ihstnfb a LYA
Lbfblhr `as duflnbfhs y breafnzalnüf ih `bs Lhftrbs ih Yrataonhftb Afa`nzar `a rhi ih trafspbrths Ihthronfar `a lb`blalnüf ih `a larea hf `bs vhcïlu`bs ih trafs pbrth
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
1. Y[AYAONHFYB IH @A LB[[H\WBFIHFLNA \h lbfblh lbob trataonhftb ih `a lbrrhspbfihflna h` lbfjuftb ih `as bphralnbfhs auxn`narhs rha`nzaias lbf `bs hfvïbs pbsta`hs aiontnibs pbr h` bphraibr, ihstnfaibs a prhparar`as para suksneunhfths bphralnbfhs pbsta`hs. Wbr su parth, `a l`asndnlalnüf nfl`uyh h` lbfjuftb ih bphralnbfhs luyb dnf hs `a brihfalnüf ih `bs hfvïbs pbsta`hs, athfinhfib a lrnthrnbs ih `a bphratnva pbsta` y rhlnkh `a ihfbonfalnüf ih lursb ih `a lbrrhspbfihflna a `a bphralnüf u bphralnbfhs quh phronthf h` hflaonfaonhftb ih `bs hfvïbs pbsta`hs. \bf fbroas ehfhra`hs ap`nlak`hs a` trataonhftb ih `a lbrrhspbfihflna `as sneunhfths: - Wrbcnknlnüf ih quh ihthronfaibs hfvïbs lnrlu`hf pbr h` Lbrrhb. \h lbfsnihraráf bkjhtbs prbcnknibs lbob hfvïbs pbsta`hs, aquh``bs luya lnrlu`alnüf fb sh phronta pbr obtnvbs ih sheurniai, ih safniai púk`nla, utn`niai ehfhra` y ih prbthllnüf ih` shrvnlnb pbsta` ufnvhrsa`. H` lbrrhb cará usb ih` ohinb ih trafspbrth oás rápnib quh thfea a su inspbsnlnüf. @bs hfvïbs sh lursaf a travîs ih ntnfhrarnbs prhihthronfaibs. - Wara quh uf hfvïb puhia lnrlu`ar pbr `a [hi Wbsta` Wúk`nla ihkh shr uf vhriaihrb bkjhtb ih lbrrhspbfihflna, hs ihlnr, quh hf su aionsnüf sh caya bkshrvaib y luop`nib `bs rhqunsntbs para shr aiontnib, hf duflnüf ih su lathebrïa y obia`niai. @bs hjhop`bs oás fbtbrnbs `bs thfhobs hf `bs ohinbs utn`nzaibs hf h` trafspbrth hftrh lhftrbs pbsta`hs. @a oaybr parth ih `as lbfiullnbfhs prbvnflna`hs, zbfa`hs h nfthrfalnbfa`hs sh rha`nzaf ohinafth `a lbftratalnüf ih ohinbs ajhfbs, asï lbob `a rhlbenia ih `bs kuzbfhs ih lnhrtas `bla`niaihs. H` [he`aohftb pbr h` quh sh rheu`a `a prhstalnüf ih `bs shrvnlnbs pbsta`hs nfinla hf su artïlu`b 81 quh h` bphraibr a` quh sh ca hflbohfiaib `a prhstalnüf ih` \hrvnlnb Wbsta` Xfnvhrsa` pbirá prhstar, hxlhplnbfa`ohfth y pbr hintbrna` } lhp
[ha` Ihlrhtb 13;>/1>>>, ih < ih inlnhokrh, pbr h` quh sh apruhka h` [he`aohftb pbr h` quh sh rheu`a `a prhstalnüf ih `bs shrvnlnbs pbsta`hs, pbsta`hs, hf ihsarrb``b ih `b hstak`hlnib hf `a @hy ;9/1>>3, ih 1< ih ju`nb, ih` \hrvnlnb Wbsta` Xfnvhrsa` y ih @nkhra`nzalnüf ih `bs \hrvnlnbs Wbsta`hs
81<
Yhoa 3
razüf ih shrvnlnb, a`eufa b a`eufas ih `as bphralnbfhs ih su altnvniai, a travîs ih `a lb`a kbralnüf ih btras hftniaihs cakn`ntaias a` hdhltb= hdhltb = inlcas bphralnbfhs ihkhráf shr ih larálthr allhsbrnb a `a altnvniai atrnkunia a inlcb bphraibr. A hstbs hdhltbs sh hfthfihráf bphralnbfhs ih larálthr allhsbrnb hxl`usnvaohfth luafib hstîf rh`alnbfaibs lbf `a rhlbenia, h` trataonhftb, `a l`asndnlalnüf b h` trafspbrth.
1.1 L`asndnlalnüf \h hftnhfih pbr l`asndnlalnüf autboátnla aquh``a quh sh rha`nza hf `bs lhftrbs lbf prblhsbs autboátnlbs ih l`asndnlalnüf. Hstá lbopuhsta pbr uf `aib pbr `bs hfvïbs fbroa`nzaibs y pbr btrb pbr `bs hfvïbs tnpb D`at (lbf lnhrtas laralthrïstnlas).
Altua`ohfth, ufa vhz dnfa`nzaib h` W`af ih Autboatnzalnüf y h` W`af ih Lbfthfhrnzalnüf, `bs prblhsbs ih l`asndnlalnüf ih `bs hfvïbs pbsta`hs caf snib aiaptaibs a `as instnftas chrraonhftas utn`nzaias hf `bs Lhftrbs ih Yrataonhftb Autboatnzaib. @a l`asndnlalnüf autboatnzaia ih` lbrrhb ca rhvb`ulnbfaib `bs ohinbs utn`nzaibs hf `a `akbr inarna, laoknbs quh caf prbiulnib `a ihsaparnlnüf ih `as salas y `a oarenfalnüf ih `bs lasn``hrbs y arbs ih l`asndnlalnüf rh`heaibs para `a l`asndnlalnüf oafua`. @a l`asndnlalnüf autboatnzaia altua` sh rha`nza sbkrh `bs hfvïbs fbroa`nzaibs y `bs ‐D`at‟ (para hfthfihrfbs taoañb db`nb aprbxnoaiaohfth). Hf aokbs lasbs sh rha`nza ufa `hltura ih `a inrhllnüf ih` hfvïb ohinafth ufa BL[ (rhlbfblnonhftb autboátnlb ih laralthrhs) rha`nzafib `a noprhsnüf ih uf lüineb ih karras hf `a parth nfdhrnbr ihrhlca ih `bs hfvïbs, noprhsnüf quh snrvh para quh, ih oafhra autboatnzaia, inlcb hfvïb sha l`asndnlaib ih aluhrib lbf `bs instnftbs prberaoas hstak`hlnibs. Lbf `a l`asndnlalnüf autboatnzaia sh ca lbfsheunib: - Xfa oaybr hstakn`niai hf h` prblhsb prblhsb `beïstnlb y ih instrnkulnüf. - Ohjbrar `bs fnvh`hs ih la`niai. - Iar ufa oaybr d`unihz a` trafspbrth ih` lbrrhb. - Daln`ntar uf oaybr lbftrb` y sheunonhftb ih ih `a prbiullnüf. - [hiulnr h` fúohrb ih lbrrhspbfihflna oa` hflaonfaia. - Calhr ``hear `a lbrrhspbfihflna a `bs lhftrbs ih rhpartb hf h` ohfbr tnhopb pbsnk`h. - Wrbdufinzar hf `a l`asndnlalnüf ‐a ihstnfb‟ casta `as prbpnas shllnbfhs ih rhpartb - Aen`nzar `bs ouhstrhbs hstaiïstnlbs 819
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
Hsta l`asndnlalnüf ufnia a `a lbfthfhrnzalnüf ih `bs hfvïbs ca supuhstb ufa eraf obindnlalnüf hf `as sa`as ih trataonhftb y hf `as ufniaihs ih rhpartb. Wara vhr `a utn`nzalnüf ih `as indhrhfths oáqunfas hf `as duflnbfhs ih l`asndnlalnüf, vhrhobs `as instnftas dashs pbr `as quh pasaf `bs hfvïbs pbsta`hs hf uf Lhftrb ih Yrataonhftb Autboatnzaib (LYA).
A. Ihslareaia `a lbrrhspbfihflna lbrrhspbfihflna y prblhsbs nfnlna`hs @bs prblhsbs ihftrb ih uf LYA lbonhfzaf lbf `a ``heaia ih `as instnftas lbfiullnbfhs (prbvnflna`hs, zbfa`hs b falnbfa`hs) y su ihslarea. Wara earaftnzar `a sheurniai ih `bs hfvïbs quh lnrlu`af pbr `a rhi, `a ih `bs hop`haibs quh oafnpu`af y `a ih `bs l`nhfths cay quh luop`nr lbf rneurbsniai h` p`af ih nfsphllnüf ih `a lbrrhspbfihflna hstak`hlnib pbr `a Inrhllnüf ih Lbftrb` h Nfsphllnüf. H` lntaib p`af hstak`hlh `bs hfvïbs quh caf ih shr hslafhaibs, `b shráf snhoprh hf brnehf y hf tbib lasb a `a hftraia ih` prnohr lhftrb quh inspbfea ih `bs hqunpbs fhlhsarnbs, snhoprh afths ih shr oafnpu`aibs. Lbob fbroa ehfhra` sh nfsphllnbfaf: Hsla Hs lafh fhb b bk` bk`ne neat atbr brnnb
Fb hs fhl fhlhs hsar arnb nb hs hsla laf fha har r
- Kuzbfhs
- Hfvïbs ih btrbs LYA b LYW, ih `a zbfa zbfa y ya hslafhaibs.
- D`at*
- Hfvïbs fbroa`nzaibs y Avnsbs ih [hlnkb.
- Oafua`
- Hfvïbs oa` hflaonfaibs, rhhxphinibs y ihvuh`tbs.
- XW[ - Waquhthrïa *\h hxlhptúaf `bs hfvïbs oasnvbs ih oás ih 177 eraobs rhontnibs pbr erafihs l`nhfths, quh cayaf snib aiontnibs ohinafth A`karáf pbr phrsbfa nihftndnlaia, hf hstbs lasbs `a nfsphllnüf sh rha`nza pbr ouhstrhb.
@bs lhftrbs quh inrnjaf inrhltaohfth su larea a uf ahrbpuhrtb para su pbsthrnbr lursb pbr avnüf thfiráf quh earaftnzar quh `a tbta`niai ih` lbrrhb ca snib nfsphllnbfaib. @a ibluohftalnüf quh aopara hstas hxphinlnbfhs ihkhrá nr sh``aia lbf `a `hyhfia ‐Luop`nia fbroatnva ih \heurniai‟. Hstas tarhas sbf rha`nzaias pbr phrsbfa` lua`ndnlaib (hoprhsa ih sheurniai lbftrataia). Ihspuîs ih pasar h` lbftrb` ih sheurniai sh prblhih a tras`aiar `bs hfvïbs sheúf prblhia a: - Xfniai ih XW[. - Xfniai ih Oafua`. - Xfniai ih L`asndnlalnüf autboátnla (fbroa`nzaib). - Xfniai ih L`asndnlalnüf autboátnla (d`at). - Xfniai ih Oatash``aib.
hintbrna` } lhp
818
Yhoa 3
K. Oatash``aib Hf h` LYA sh oatash``a h` lbrrhb prbvhfnhfth ih bdnlnfas autbrnzaias para fb oatash``ar su lbrrhb y hfvnar`b a` LYA para su oatash``b, asï lbob h` lbrrhb rhlbenib ih `bs kuzbfhs pbr `as instnftas rutas. H` oatash``aib hs uf puftb lrïtnlb ya quh sn sh rha`nza ih dbroa rápnia h` lbrrhb puhih tras`aiarsh a `a ufniai ibfih ca ih shr trataib. @as duflnbfhs y lboprbkalnbfhs prhvnas a` oatash``aib sbf: a) Lboprbkar `a dhlca ih oatash``aib oatash``aib hf rbin``b. k) Hstaib ih `a tnfta y `bs rbin``bs. l) Kafihjas valïas para lbfthfhrnzalnüf. i) Hstafthrïas ih a`nohftalnüf ih lbrrhb D`at. h) Htnquhtas para `bs larrbs ih tras`aib a ufniaihs. Wbsthrnbrohfth `bs hfvïbs sbf trataibs lbf:
L. Oáqunfas LDL (sherheaibras-dalnaibra-laflh`aibra) (sherheaibras-dalnaibra-laflh`aibra) \bf oáqunfas ih a`tb rhfinonhftb para h` trataonhftb autboatnzaib ih `a lbrrhspbfihflna ihpbsntaia hf kuzbfhs hflarafib y oatash``afib h` lbrrhb autboátnlaohfth Hstbs hqunpbs tnhfhf ufa lapalniai ih prbiullnüf ih casta <7.777 bkjhtbs/cbra hf `a shllnüf ih dalnaib/laflh`aib, aprbxnoaiaohfth, shparafib h` lbrrhb prblhihfth ih kuzbfhs hf sus instnftbs dbroatbs (fbroa`nzaib, D`at, oafua`). Yrakajaf hfvïbs ih casta 4 oo ih hsphsbr. @a bphratnva ih trakajb hs kastafth kásnla: - A`nohftalnüf: sh vuh`la h` lbrrhb hf `a tb`va tb`va ih a`nohftalnüf, sh rhtnraf oafua`ohfth `bs hfvïbs quh a snop`h vnsta fb shaf aptbs para shr trataibs pbr `a oáqunfa y quh puhiaf prbiulnr parbs b rhtrasbs. - Hvalualnüf: h` lbrrhb rhsu`tafth (l`asndnlaib hf 9 erupbs) sh tras`aia a sus lbrrhspbfinhfths ihstnfbs ihftrb ih` LYA, thfnhfib hf luhfta `a cbra ih sa`nia ih `as hxphinlnbfhs. H` lbrrhb tras shr oatash``aib lbob chobs vnstb sh l`asndnla hf ufa ih `as sneunhfths 3 sa`nias: \A@NIA\ ; 1 1
9
814
YNWB IH LB[[HB Hfvïbs lbf sh``bs iu iui ibsbs, snf sh``bs b lbf sh``bs aichrnib ibss hf `uea earrhs hrrüfhbs. Lbrrhb tnpb D`at. \a``nia lbrrhb nfthrfalnbfa`. Hsth lbrrhb, pbr sus fhlhsniaihs ih la \a la``niai, hs trakajaib para su trataonhftb y pbsthrnbr lursb a `a Blnfa ih Laoknb lbrrhspbfinhfth. Hfvïbs fbroa`nzaibs, `bs oás fuohrbsbs para quh shaf l`asnlaibs ih dbroa autboatnzaia.
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
H` ‐Lu``nfe‟ hs `a sa`nia ih` lbrrhb ‐ebrib‟ ih ufa LDL, para su laflh`alnüf oafua`. H` lbrrhb lbf `a nfinlalnüf ‐pbr avnüf‟ sa`h a` adn`aibr lbrrhspbfinhfth para su l`asndnlalnüf oafua`. \n aparhlhf hfvïbs urehfths sbf tras`aiaibs a `a Xfniai ih Wrbiultbs [henstraibs. @bs hfvïbs lbf nfsudnlnhflna ih drafquhb sbf nihftndnlaibs y trataibs sheúf vnobs hf h` thoa 4. @as duflnbfhs prnflnpa`hs ih `as oáqunfas LDL sbf: - \herheaf h` lbrrhb: hxnsthf ibs sa`nias instnftas para h` lbrrhb quh puhih shr trataib y oatash``aib pbr `a prbpna oáqunfa y aquh` quh pbr sus laralthrïstnlas fb puhih shr trataib pbr `a oáqunfa, lbob pbr hjhop`b `bs hfvïbs ihoasnaib rïenibs b quh lbfthfeaf ohta`hs. - Dalnaf h` lbrrhb: `a bphralnüf ih dalnaib lbfsnsth prnflnpa`ohfth hf hflarar `as lartas ih ta` dbroa quh h` snefb ih drafquhb quhih hf h` onsob `uear, para pbsthrnbrohfth puhia shr oatash``aib lbrrhltaohfth. Hf hsta bphralnüf taoknîf sh lbopruhka `a pbsnk`h hxnsthflna ih sh``bs da`sbs. Hf h` lasb ih aparnlnüf ih a`eufb, `a oaqunfa rhtnra h` hfvïb. - Laflh`a h` lbrrhb: hf hsta ú`tnoa duflnüf `as lartas sbf oatash``aias para quh lbfsth h` lhftrb ih trataonhftb, dhlca y cbra ih oatash``aib.
Yboh fbta Laflh`aib oafua`: h` lbrrhb rhtnraib pbr `bs hop`haibs pbr fb luop`nr `bs rhqunsntbs ih trataonhftb y h` lbrrhb rhlcazaib pbr `a oáqunfa sbf laflh`aibs oafua`ohfth.
I. Hfvïbs suslhptnk`hs ih l`asndnlalnüf autboatnzaia Ihkhobs thfhr prhshfth quh h` lbrrhb suslhptnk`h ih shr trataib ih oafhra autboatnza, fb hs úfnlaohfth h` lbrrhb fbroa`nzaib, a` lbftrarnb, hs oulcb oás aop`nb y hfe`bka tbib h` lbrrhb fbroa`nzaib oás h` tnpb D`at, snhoprh quh rhúfaf lnhrtas laralthrïstnlas. Ihftrb ih inlcbs hfvïbs quh sh l`asndnlaf autboatnzaiaohfth instnfeunobs hftrh: - Hfvïbs fbroa`nzaibs (trataibs lbf N[T y D\O). - Hfvïbs tnpb D`at (trataibs lbf sb`ystnl).
hintbrna` } lhp
815
Yhoa 3
Hs ouy nopbrtafth quh ihsih `a aionsnüf ih `bs hfvïbs îstbs hstîf shparaibs pbr `ïfhas ih trataonhftb. A lbftnfualnüf, vhrhobs `as laralthrïstnlas ih `bs instnftbs hfvïbs.
a. Laralthrïstnlas ih `a lbrrhspbfihflna suslhptnk`h ih trataonhftb autboátnlb • Hfvïbs fbroa`nzaibs
Laralthrïstnlas dïsnlas: - @bfentui: hftrh 197 y ;<8 oo - A`tura: hftrh >7 y 1;7 oo - Hsphsbr: hftrh 7.18 7.18 y 8 oo (tb`hraflna ; oo) - Whsb: hftrh ; y ;7 e Hstrultura ih` sbkrh fbroa`nzaib
- Laralthrïstnlas dïsnlas: µ \bkrhs k`aflbs b l`arbs, prhdhrnk`hohfth ufnlb`brhs. µ Hvntar paph`hs adn`nerafaibs, satnfaibs y krn``afths. µ Thftafn``as: trafsparhfths y snf arrueas. µ Hvntar utn`nzar oathrna`hs lbf lbopbfhfths d`ubrhslhfths. µ Fb tratarsh ih hfvïbs ihvuh`tbs ihvuh`tbs b ya ya nfihxaibs prhvnaohfth. µ Eraoajh Lbftrasth: quh earaftnlh uf ‐Wrnft Lbftrast [atnb‟ oaybr ih` <8 % µ Whrontnráf `a `hltura ih` k`bquh inrhllnüf + lüineb l`nhfth. 813
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
Hf lasb ih vhftafn``a - @a vhftafn``a lboprhfihrá uf árha valïa valïa ih a` ohfbs 8 oo a`rhihibr ih` k`bquh. Cb`eura nfthrfa hftrh sbkrh y larta. - Whrontnráf lua`qunhr lasb `a `hltura lbop`hta ih` k`bquh ih inrhllnüf y lüineb l`nhfth. Fb sh ihkh obstrar a travîs ih `a vhftafn``a nfdbroalnüf ih` rhonthfth ih` tnpb: th`îdbfb, dax, FND, htl. K`bquh ih inrhllnüf (Laralthrïstnlas): - A`tura: hftrh ; y 3 oo - Ihfsniai (hf fbroa`nzaib): hftrh ; y 8 laralthrhs/lo - \hparalnüf: hvntar quh sh tbquhf b suphrpbfeaf - Hspalnb hftrh pa`akras: fb nfdhrnbr a `a aflcura oïfnoa ih laralthrhs - Ynpbs ih duhfths: tbibs `bs lbohrlna`hs hf usb - Hstn`bs ih duhfth: hvntar lursnvas, sukrayaibs, fherntas y hsphsbrhs oïfnobs. K`bquh ih inrhllnüf (Hstrultura) @a hstrultura kásnla ih` k`bquh hstará lbopuhsta pbr `bs sneunhfths h`hohftbs, hf h` brihf quh sh nfinla: - @ïfha ‐7‟: Nihftniai ih` ihstnfatarnb - @ïfha ‐1‟: Ynpb ih vïa, fbokrh ih vïa, fúohrb, hsla`hra, pnsb, htl. - @ïfha ‐;‟: Lüineb pbsta`, `bla`niai - @ïfha ‐<‟: ‐<‟: Wrbvnflna. Wrbvnflna. \n duhra fhlhsarnb nflbrpbrar nfdbroalnüf lbop`hohftarna rhdhrnia a` puftb ih hftrhea (hoprhsa, lareb, ihpartaohftb…) b a` puftb ehberádnlb (urkafnzalnüf, pb`ïebfb…). \nhoprh dneurará pbr hflnoa ih `a `ïfha 1 ih` k`bquh ih inrhllnüf.
hintbrna` } lhp
81>
Yhoa 3
[hluhrih [hlbohfialnbfhs: - Ynpb vïa + Fbokrh vïa + Fº pbrta` + Wnsb: hf ufa onsoa `ïfha - Wnsb: shparaib ih` fº ih pbrta` pbr ufa lboa. - Fº pbrta`: hvntar afthpbfhr Fº, fº, fúo., htl. - LW y fbokrh ih `a `bla`niai: hf ufa onsoa `ïfha. - H` lüineb pbsta` snhoprh sh afthpbfh a` fbokrh ih `a `bla`niai. - Fbokrh ih `a prbvnflna: sh nfl`unrá snhoprh hf `a ú`tnoa `ïfha. - Hf `bs lasbs hf `bs quh h` hfvïb hstá inrnenib a `a lapnta` ih `a prbvnflna hs rhlbohfiak`h nfl`unr `a prbvnflna hf `a ú`tnoa `ïfha. - Hvntar akrhvnaturas hf h` fbokrh ih vïa.
8;7
k. H` Lüineb Wbsta` H` lüineb pbsta` hs uf hsquhoa quh asnefa a instnftas zbfas b `uearhs ih uf païs, uf lüineb quh, aibsaib a `a inrhllnüf, snrvh para daln`ntar y ohlafnzar h` hflaonfaonhftb ih` lbrrhb. Ehfhra`ohfth hs ufa shrnh ih iïentbs, aufquh hf a`eufbs païshs nfl`uyhf `htras. @a [hpúk`nla Dhihra` ih A`hoafna duh h` prnohr païs ih` oufib hf nftrbiulnr uf snsthoa ih lüinebs pbsta`hs, a prnflnpnbs ih `a iîlaia ih `bs 47. @a eraf oaybrïa ih `bs shrvnlnbs pbsta`hs hstata`hs ih` oufib utn`nzaf lüinebs pbsta`hs. @bs lüinebs pbsta`hs tnhfhf instnftbs dbroatbs y fbroas ih usb ihphfinhfib ih` païs. Hf `a oaybr parth ih Hurbpa, h` lüineb pbsta` va afths ih` fbokrh ih` `uear b lnuiai y a vhlhs prhlhinib pbr h` lüineb ih` païs. H` snsthoa ih lüineb pbsta` hspañb` lboprhfih ufa shrnh ih lüinebs utn`nzaibs para ohjbrar h` duflnbfaonhftb ih` shrvnlnb pbsta` hf Hspaña. @bs lüinebs pbsta`hs duhrbf nftrbiulnibs hf Hspaña hf 1>3;, lbnflninhfib lbf `a puhsta hf oarlca ih `bs prblhinonhftbs autboatnzaibs ih l`asndnlalnüf ih lbrrhspbfihflna. @bs lüinebs pbsta`hs hspañb`hs lbfstaf ih 8 lndras, ih `as quh `as ; prnohras calhf rhdhrhflna a `a prbvnflna pbr brihf a`dakîtnlb (sheúf h` fbokrh bdnlna` hf h` añb ih nop`aftalnüf), sheunias ih `as lnuiaihs ih Lhuta y Oh`n``a, luybs lüinebs nfnlna`ohfth phrthfhlïaf a `as prbvnflnas ih Láinz y Oá`aea rhsphltnvaohfth y añbs ihspuîs sh `hs asnefarbf fuhvbs lüinebs. @as trhs lndras dnfa`hs nfinlaf `a zbfa pbsta`. @as lapnta`hs ih prbvnflna y a`eufas erafihs lnuiaihs hstáf invninias hf varnas zbfas pbsta`hs, onhftras quh hf h` rhstb ih `bla`niaihs uf onsob lüineb sh ap`nla a tbia `a `bla`niai b nfl`usb a varnas `bla`niaihs lhrlafas. Wara calhr oás dáln` `a nftrbiullnüf ih `bs fuhvbs lüinebs pbsta`hs, hf `as lnuiaihs hf `as quh hxnstïaf zbfas pbsta`hs, lbob Oairni, Karlh`bfa y Ta`hflna, sh cnzb quh h` prnohr fúohrb ih `a fuhva zbfa pbsta` duhra uf lhrb y `bs ibs sneunhfths lbrrhspbfinhraf lbf `a aftneua zbfa pbsta`. Hf `as lapnta`hs ih prbvnflna (y sb`aohfth hf h``as) `a prnohra lndra ih `a zbfa pbsta` (hs ihlnr, `a lndra lhftra` ih
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
`as lnflb quh lbopbfhf h` lüineb) hs snhoprh uf lhrb. Hf laia lapnta` ih prbvnflna hxnsthf ufbs lüinebs rhshrvaibs para usbs hsphlna`hs: - 757 para lbrrhspbfihflna bdnlna` ih Lbrrhbs y Yh`îeradbs - 751 para lbrrhspbfihflna ih breafnsobs bdnlna`hs - 737 para apartaibs y `nsta ih lbrrhbs
hintbrna` } lhp
8;1
Yhoa 3
Yboh fbta @a patrbfa` ih `as hoprhsas ih trafspbrth y `beïstnla quh bphraf hf Hspaña prhshftarbf hf ;718 uf nfdbroh a` Onfnsthrnb ih Dbohftb hf h` quh areuohftaf `bs khfhdnlnbs hlbfüonlbs y ohinbao knhf kn hf ta ta`h `hss qu quhh sh ih ihrn rnva va-rïaf ih `a obindnlalnüf ih` altua` lüineb pbsta`. @a breafnzalnüf sb`nlntü a Dbohftb aop`nar hf trhs iïentbs h` altua` lüineb, quh pasarïa asï ih hstar lbopuhstb pbr lnflb lndras a blcb. @a nftrbiullnüf ih btras trhs lndras a` altua` lüineb carïa ‐quh `as d`btas ih trafspbrth duhraf oás hdnlnhfths, sh rhlbrtarïaf `bs lbsths ih l`asndnlalnüf y rhpartb, sh ehfhrarïaf ohfbs honsnbfhs, cakrïa ohfbs allnihfths ih trádnlb, shrïa khfhdnlnbsb para h` rhpartb pbsta` trainlnbfa` y taoknîf para `as hoprhsas ih paquhthrïa‟.
WAÏ\H\ NWL AX\Y[NA A@HOAFNA KÎ@ENLA LAFAIÁ LCNW[H INFAOA[LA H\YAIB\ XFNIB\ DNF@AFINA D[AFLNA E[HLNA CB@AFIA N[@AFIA N\@AFINA NYA@NA @XSHOKX[EB FB[XHEA WB[YXEA@ [HNFB XFNIB \XHLNA \XNZA
LÜINEB N\B AY IH KH LA L^ IM X\ DN D[ E[ F@ NH N\ NY @X FB WY EK \H LC
l. Lbrrhb autboatnzak`h fb fbroa`nzaib (D`at) Ynhfh `as sneunhfths laralthrïstnlas: - Inohfsnbfhs oáxnoas: <37 pbr ;<3 oo - Inohfsnbfhs oïfnoas: 197 pbr >7 oo - Whsb: 17-377 e - Hsphsbr: hftrh 7,8 oo y ;7 oo - A`tura: hftrh >7 y ;<3 oo - @bfentui: hftrh 197 y <37 oo - Fb lbfthfiráf oathrna`hs rïenibs y su lbfthfnib ihkhrá shr rheu`ar. - H` sbkrh shrá k`aflb b prhdhrhfthohfth ufnlb`br.
8;;
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
- Fb sh tratará ih hfvïbs ihvuh`tbs ihvuh`tbs b nfihxaibs afthrnbrohfth. - Hvntar paph`hs adn`nerafaibs, satnfaibs y krn``afths. - Thftafn``as: trafsparhfths y snf arrueas. - Hvntar utn`nzar oathrna`hs lbf lbopbfhfths d`ubrhslhfths. - Fb tratarsh ih hfvïbs ihvuh`tbs b ya nfihxaibs prhvnaohfth. - Eraoajh/Lbftrasth: quh earaftnlh uf ‐Wrnft Lbftrast [atnb‟ oaybr ih` <8 % - Whrontnráf `a `hltura ih` ih` k`bquh k`bquh inrhllnüf inrhllnüf + lüineb l`nhfth. Hf lasb ih vhftafn``a, lboprhfihrá uf árha valïa ih a` ohfbs 8 oo a`rhihibr ih` k`bquh. Cb`eura nfthrfa hftrh sbkrh y larta. Whrontnráf hf lua`qunhr lasb `a `hltura lbop`hta ih` k`bquh ih inrhllnüf y lüineb l`nhfth. Fb sh ihkh obstrar a travîs ih `a vhftafn``a nfdbroalnüf ih` rhonthfth ih` tnpb: th`îdbfb, dax, FND, htl.
i. Fb autboatnzak`h Hs h` tnpb ih lbrrhb quh ca ih tratarsh ih dbroa oafua` pbr fb thfhr `as laralthrïstnlas tîlfnlas fhlhsarnas: - Lbrrhspbfihflna ih hsphsbr fb ufndbroh. - Bkjhtbs rïenibs hf su nfthrnbr (``avhs, insmhtths,…). - Lbf erapas b l`nps. - Whrohak`h a` anrh (dnlcas phrdbraias, sbkrhs lbf aphrturas `athra`hs). - Hf fbroa`nzaib: lbf htnquhtas fb phrdhltaohfth aichrnias aichrnias (hf d`atssh aionthf htnquhtas oüvn`hs). - Lbf sb`apas oa` lhrraias b lbfstntunibs pbr cbjas ibk`aias luybs kbrihs fb hstîf tbta`ohfth pheaibs. - Hfvïbs pheaibs hftrh h``bs. - Hfvïbs nfihxaibs prhvnaohfth. - Hfvïbs ihvuh`tbs. - Lbrrhb nfthrfalnbfa` ih sa`nia. - Quh suphrhf suphrhf `as ohinias rhlbohfiaias para `a autboatnzalnüf autboatnzalnüf ih `bs hfvïbs.
H. L`asndnlalnüf autboatnzaia, oáqunfas Wasaobs a vhr `as instnftas oáqunfas quh nfthrvnhfhf hf uf Lhftrb ih Yrataonhftb AutboatnAutboatnzaib (LYA), asï lbob sus indhrhfths duflnbfhs y laralthrïstnlas.
hintbrna` } lhp
8;<
Yhoa 3
a. N[T • Lbflhptb
Nfyhllnüf ih hfvïbs hf N[T
8;9
Hs `a oáqunfa quh nfthera `a `hltura y `a vnihblbindnlalnüf (nfihxaibra-l`asndnlaibra) ibfih sh nftrbiulhf `as lartas quh sbf `hïias ohinafth uf snsthoa üptnlb ih rhlbfblnonhftb ih laralthrhs (BL[), ohinafth h` lua` sh `hh h` inrhllnbfaonhftb ih` hfvïb hslrntb taftb a oáqunfa lbob a oafb, thfnhfib ufa vh`blniai aprbxnoaia ih 97.777 hfvïbs/cbra. @a nfdbroalnüf `hïia hs traiulnia a uf lüineb ih karras quh sh noprnoh hf h` afvhrsb ih` hfvïb. @a N[T trakaja tbib h` lbrrhb fbroa`nzaib. Aihoás, trakaja `as lartas brinfarnas y puk`nlbrrhb fbroa`nzaib ihvuh`tb ih erafihs l`nhfths, h` lua` sh l`asndnla ohinafth `a `hltura ih` `bebtnpb ih` rhonthfth. Wara lbfsheunr uf eraib üptnob hf `a l`asndnlalnüf cay quh oafthfhr altua`nzaibs `bs `bebtnpbs y afa`nzar `bs rhlcazbs. A`eufbs hfvïbs puhihf fb shr `hïibs pbr `b lua` su noaehf pasa a ufa sa`a ih vnihblbindnlalnüf, para quh h` phrsbfa` ih Lbrrhbs, vnhfib `a noaehf hf uf obfntbr, vha `a afboa`ïa y lbindnquh h` hfvïb lbrrhltaohfth. Hstbs hfvïbs puhihf aparhlhr ih ibs dbroas: - Bf`nfh: h` hfvïb ia vuh`tas hf `a oáqunfa iurafth uf tnhopb a `a hsphra ih quh h` bphraibr `b `ha. \n fb hs `hïib, h` hfvïb sh a`oalhfa hf uf lasn``hrb ``aoaib ‐vnihb-bdd‟ y `a noaehf lapturaia para su pbsthrnbr lbindnlalnüf. - Bdd-`nfh: `as `as noáehfhs noáehfhs a`oalhfaias a`oalhfaias vaf aparhlnhfib a` bphraibr, pbr brihf ih aftneðhiai hf su a`oalhfaonhftb. @bs hfvïbs lbindnlaibs lbrrhltaohfth pasaf a uf prhl`asndnlaibr ih 93 sa`nias ibfih sh a`oalhfaf pbr prberaoas ih trakajb: - @bla` - Wrbvnflna` - Falnbfa` Hf `a lakhlhra ih hsta oáqunfa a` neua` quh hf `a D\O, hxnsth uf ‐shoádbrb‟ quh nfinla h` hstaib ih trakajb: - [bjb: oáqunfa paraia. - Thrih: oáqunfa trakajafib fbroa`ohfth.
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
- K`afla: oáqunfa hf phrdhltb hstaib, hsphrafib shr puhsta hf oarlca. - Azu`: obib ih ih trakajb hxl`usnvb para para h` shrvnlnb shrvnlnb tîlfnlb. - Farafja: oáqunfa paraia b ataslaia. @bs oüiu`bs ih `a N[T sbf: - A`nohftaibr. - \hparalnüf pbr dbroatbs. - Wrh-`hltbr lüineb karras. - Laptura ih `a noaehf. - Thrndnlalnüf ih noprhsnüf. - Instrnkulnüf. Hf `bs pupntrhs vnihb-lbindnlalnüf, hstbs hfvïbs ‐prhl`asndnlaibs‟ pasaf sheuniaohfth a `a D\O, sbfih sbf l`asndnlaibs a su ihstnfb dnfa`. • Lbrrhb ihvuh`tb fbroa`nzaib
\n knhf `a N[T fb hstá phfsaia para trakajar lbf lbrrhb ihvuh`tb, rhlnhfthohfth sh ca nftrbiulnib uf prberaoa para `a l`asndnlalnüf ih hfvïbs fbroa`nzaibs ihvuh`tbs, lartas y puk`nlbrrhb ih erafihs l`nhfths, ibfih `a N[T l`asndnla `bs hfvïbs pbr `bs `bebs ih `as hoprhsas. Wara lbfsheunr uf eraib üptnob hf `a l`asndnlalnüf cay quh oafthfhr altua`nzaibs `bs `bebs y afa`nzar h` rhlcazb.
k. D\O @a D\O hs ufa oáqunfa ih l`asndnlalnüf quh `hh `bs lüinebs ih nfihxalnüf ih `a N[T. Inspbfh ih 977 lasn``hrbs rhpartnibs hf lnflb `ïfhas, laia `n+Ïfha ihfbonfaia ihsih h` suh`b calna arrnka lbf ufa `htra (A,K,L,I,H) y 37 lasn``hrbs fuohraibs ihsih `a lakhlhra ih `a oáqunfa calna su hxtrhob (1-37). Laia lasn``hrb lbftnhfh h` lbrrhb l`asndnlaib para uf ihstnfb dnfa` (hfthfihobs pbr ihstnfb ‐dnfa`‟ h` lbfjuftb ih ufa bdnlnfa b ufa shllnüf ih rhpartb y rhshrva uf lasn``hrb ``aoaib ‐larta k`afla‟ para `bs hfvïbs quh fb inspbfeaf ih lbindnlalnüf).
D\O hintbrna` } lhp
8;8
Yhoa 3
l. Lbrrhb D@AY \bf hqunpbs \b`ystnl, oáqunfas Ybp ;777 `as hflareaias ih l`asndnlar h` lbrrhb tnpb D`at. Wuhihf thfhr hftrh ;97 y <;7 sa`nias, ``heafib a tratar casta 5.877 hfvïbs `a cbra pbr laia a`nohftaibr, thfnhfib ibs a`nohftaibrhs pbr `ïfha. Laralthrïstnlas: - Nfyhllnüf autboátnla ih kafihjas valïas. - Yrafspbrth autboátnlb ih kafihjas ``hfas y valïas. - \ustntulnüf autboátnla ih kafihjas valïas pbr ``hfas. - Htnquhtaib autboátnlb ih kafihjas ``hfas. - Lbfd`uhflna ih `bs ibs fnvh`hs ih sa`nia sa`nia hf uf úfnlb puftb. - \nsthoas ih lbftrb`. - Wupntrhs ih vnihblbindnlalnüf. - L`asndnlalnüf.
i. \nsthoa ih L`asndnlalnüf ih Ebrib (\LE) Oáqunfa lbf nfiullnüf autboátnla para `a l`asndnlalnüf ih hfvïbs dbroatb tnpb E (ebrib), tnhfh ufa vh`blniai ih l`asndnlalnüf ih ufbs 5.777/3.777 hfvïbs/cbra. [ha`nza `a `hltura autboátnla ih lüinebs ih karras a travîs ih láoara ih vnsnüf. @hltura hf lara suphrnbr. Tnihblbindnlalnüf rhobta a fnvh` ih LW. @bs hfvïbs lbf lüineb ih hflaonfaonhftb b lbf lüineb pbsta` ih ihstnfb nflbrpbraib hf h` lüineb ih karras (\nfbtrafs) sh a`nohftaf hf `a \LE, h` rhstb sh trakaja oafua`ohfth. \a`nias inrhltas a kafihja L y lbfthfhibrhs p`heak`hs rhutn`nzak`hs. Yrafspbrtaibr ih hvalualnüf ih kafihjas ``hfas. Laralthrïstnlas ih `bs hfvïbs l`asndnlaibs: - Whsb ih `bs hfvïbs hftrh <7 eraobs y 17 me - @bfentui hftrh 177 y 877 oo - Aflcb hftrh 177 y 977 oo - A`tura hftrh 1 y 977 oo
h. \nsthoa ih L`asndnlalnüf ih Waquhthrïa (\LW) Xfa vhz lu`onfaib h` W`af ih Autboatnzalnüf ih `a lbrrhspbfihflna brinfarna y ih `bs hfvïbs ih dbroatb D`at, `a Inrhllnüf ih Bphralnbfhs ih Lbrrhbs hophzü a prberaoar h` trataonhftb autboatnzaib ih `a paquhthrïa lbob uf pasb oás para avafzar hf uf obih`b bphratnvb aiaptaib a `bs laoknbs ih` shltbr, alh`hraibs pbr `a lbyuftura hlbfüonla y `a sustntulnüf h`hltrüfnla, y a `as fuhvas ihoafias brnenfaias pbr h` lbohrlnb h`hltrüfnlb. Hsta nfnlnatnva lbnflninü lbf h` bkjhtnvb lbohrlna`, nfl`unib hf h` W`af ih Hoprhsa ;711-;719, ih nflrhohftar `a altnvniai y prhshflna hf h` ohrlaib ih `a paquhthrïa, ufb ih `bs luatrb ohrlaibs rh`hvafths ihdnfnibs hf aquh`. 8;4
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
A dnfa`hs ih ;71<, 19 hqunpbs ih a`tas y ohinafas prhstalnbfhs (lapalhs ih ehstnbfar hftrh ;.877 y 4.777 paquhths `a cbra) hstakaf hf p`hfb duflnbfaonhftb hf `bs lhftrbs ya hxnsthfths (LYA). Hstbs hqunpbs hstáf inshñaibs para usarsh taftb hf h` trataonhftb lbob hf h` lbftrb` ih aionsnüf para ihpüsntbs oasnvbs ih erafihs l`nhfths. Lbf h``bs sh ohjbrará `a trazakn`niai, `a la`niai, h` lbftrb` nfinvniua` ih laia hfvïb asï lbob h` ih su lbsth.
Nopbrtafth Altua`ohfth sh caf nfsta`aib \LW hf: LAO-; ih Karlh`bfa, LYA \hvn``a, LYA A`nlafth, LYA Tntbrna, LYA Zaraebza, LYA ih Ta`hflna, LAO-; ih Oairni y LYA ih Ta``aib`ni, LYA ih \aftnaeb, LYA ih Wa`oa ih Oa``brla, LYA ih @as Wa`oas, LYA Yhfhrndh, LYA ih Erafaia y LYA Oá`aea.
\nsthoa ih L`asndnlalnüf ih paquhthrïa
Xfa ih `as vhftajas oás snefndnlatnvas ih hstbs snsthoas ih l`asndnlalnüf ih paquhthrïa (\LW) hs quh hdhltúaf `a aionsnüf ih` paquhth a su pasb pbr `a oáqunfa, taftb `bs paquhths quh hftrhf pbr bdnlnfas lbob pbr h` lafa` ih Oasnva vaf a thfhr uf lbftrb` ih aionsnüf nfinvniua`. Lbf hstbs fuhvbs hqunpbs, hf `bs quh úfnlaohfth h` snsthoa ih a`nohftalnüf hs oafua`, tras ihjar h` paquhth sbkrh `a lnfta trafspbrtaibra tbibs `bs prblhsbs sbf autboátnlbs: laptura ih` lüineb ih karras, phsaib y inohfsnbfaib hf infáonlb, htl. y ihsih h` prnohr obohftb `a nfdbroalnüf alhrla ih` paquhth traslnhfih a `bs snsthoas ih nfdbroalnüf para su trazakn`niai (\ENH, Ohrlurnb...) h, nfl`usb, para su dalturalnüf (\AW). Hxnsthf ibs tnpbs ih oáqunfas: - Xfas lbf 1< raopas, aufquh ibs sbf para h` rhlcazb y `a hxlhihflna, lbf `b quh quhiaf 11 raopas laia ufa ih h``as lbf trhs ihstnfbs= pbr taftb, sh puhih a`lafzar ufa prbdufiniai ih l`asndnlalnüf ih casta << ihstnfbs indhrhfths lbf laia prberaoa, quh sbf `bs erafihs lhftrbs `beïstnlbs y ihstnfbs inrhltbs ih oaybr vb`uohf. - Btras lbob `a ih Oairni, uknlaia hf h` LAO ; (Lhftrb ih Aionsnüf Oasnva ;) ih Oairni, lbf ufa `bfentui ih oás ih >8 ohtrbs, 9< raopas ih sa`nia y ufbs 1;7 ihstnfbs ih l`asndnlalnüf. hintbrna` } lhp
8;5
Yhoa 3 • Wrbiultbs
@bs prbiultbs quh sh vaf a trakajar hf h` fuhvb \LW, sheúf h` obih`b ih prbiullnüf para hsth LYA, sbf ‐Waq Hstáfiar, Waquhth Azu`, HO\, HWE y WWN ih nopbrtalnüf, Waq Hstáfiar ihvuh`tb, l`asndnlalnüf ih `a paquhthrïa nfthrfalnbfa` y Waq Wrnbrntarnb, sh rha`nza ih dbroa shparaia y indhrhflnaia. Hs ouy nopbrtafth quh `a paquhthrïa aiontnia hf `as Bdnlnfas sha erakaia lbf h` lüineb pbsta` ih ihstnfb, ih obib quh sh pheuhf `as htnquhtas ih lüineb ih karras snf quh quhihf ibk`aias, rbtas, htl. y quh puhiaf shr `hïias lbf daln`niai, aihoás ih quh fnfeúf hfvïb ``hvh oás ih ufa htnquhta lbf lüineb ih karras. @as htnquhtas ih `bs Waq Hstáfiar ihkhf sa`nr ih `as noprhsbras lbrrhltaohfth noprhsas.
• Laralthrïstnlas hfvïbs autboatnzak`h autboatnzak`hss
Inohfsnbfhs - Oáxnoas: >7 lo @areb x 47 lo Aflcb x 97 lo A`tb. - Oïfnoas: 18 lo @areb x 18 lo Aflcb x ; A`tb. Whsb - Oïfnob: ;77 eraobs. - Oáxnob: <7 me Fb hs autboatnzak`h Waquhthrïa lbf dbroatb nrrheu`ar: prbiultbs hsdîrnlbs b ln`ïfirnlbs, knibfhs, karrn`hs, hoka`ajhs ih kbth``as, prbiultbs lbf hoka`ajhs ihthrnbraibs, luhrias suh`tas, aichsnvbs ihsprhfinibs … 8;3
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth • A`nohftalnüf ih `bs Hqunpbs
Wara a`nohftar `a oáqunfa, `bs paquhths sh lb`blaf hf `a lnfta trafspbrtaibra. Xfbs hsláfhrhs (suphrnbr y `athra`) lapturaf h` lüineb ih karras. A` onsob tnhopb ufa ka`afza lb`blaia hf `a parth nfdhrnbr rhlbeh h` phsb. Ybibs hstbs iatbs, lbthjaibs, sbf hfvnaibs a` nfstafth a` snsthoa nfdbroátnlb ih `a oáqunfa, quh l`asndnla laia paquhth, hflaonfáfib`b a `a raopa ih sa`nia lbrrhspbfinhfth. A pnh ih raopa cay lb`blaibs thronfa`hs quh phronthf ehfhrar `a htnquhta ih rbtu`alnüf ih `as jau`as ibfih `bs hop`haibs lb`blaráf `bs paquhths para su trafspbrth a ihstnfb. @bs quh, pbr instnftbs obtnvbs, fb puhihf shr trataibs hf uf prnohr nfthftb ih dbroa autboatnzaia, sbf ihsvnaibs a `a ``aoaia raopa ih rhlcazb. Ihsih uf thronfa` ih rhenstrb oafua`, h` hop`haib suksafa `a lausa ih` rhlcazb para quh puhia vb`vhr a shr prblhsaib autboátnlaohfth: autboátnlaohfth: - \nhoprh apbyaibs hf `a lara oás hstak`h (`a ih oaybr suphrdnlnh), ih prhdhrhflna, `bfentuinfa`ohfth a `a lnfta, ih prhdhrhflna, LK arrnka. \n fb pbsnk`h, LK hf h` `athra` drbfta` ih` bphrarnb. - \hparalnüf hftrh paquhths: ;8 ;8 lo aprbx. (Fbta: sn ohfbr shparalnüf, sh prbiulhf ‐tnrbfhs‟ hf lnfta). @bs paquhths sh lb`blaf hf `a lnfta ih a`nohftalnüf lbf h` lüineb ih karras hf `a parth suphrnbr ih` hfvïb b hf h` `athra` drbfta` a` bphraibr. Wuhstb ih nflnihflnas H` puhstb ih nflnihflnas luhfta lbf: - WL lbf pafta``a táltn`. - Wnstb`a nfa`áokrnla. - Noprhsbra ih htnquhtas LK. - Wbrtarrb``bs htnquhta vhrih ([he. Oafua`). [henstrb Oafua` Wuhstb ih Hftraia: ‐[henstrb oafua`‟: - \nrvh para rhenstrar `bs hfvïbs fb autboatnzak`hs (pbr dbroa b phsb), nfl`uyhfib `bs prblhihfths ih btrbs lhftrbs nihftndnlaibs lbf htnquhta vhrih. ‐Ea``hta vhrih‟. - Xfa vhz rhenstraib rhenstraib h` paquhth, paquhth, sh apuftará hf pheatnfa vhrih vhrih hsphlïdnla h` h` fúohrb ih `a raopa quh fbs nfinla h` snsthoa, sh shparará hf uf larrb y sh instrnkunrá hf `a raopa lbrrhspbfinhfth. @a bphratnva ih rhenstrb oafua` hs `a sneunhfth: - \h`hllnüf [henstrb Oafua`: nftrbiullnüf nftrbiullnüf h` lüineb ih karras ih` ih` hfvïb-Nftrbiullnüf lüineb pbsta` ih ihstnfb. - [henstrar: rhenstrará h` paquhth hf `a kash ih iatbs h nfdbroará hf pafta``a ih` ihstnfb y raopa quh `h lbrrhspbfihf a` paquhth sheúf h` rhsu`taib ih va`nialnüf y ih` prberaoa ih l`asndnlalnüf. hintbrna` } lhp
8;>
Yhoa 3
Yboh fbta H` úfnlb prbiultb hf h` quh fb hs pbsnk`h laoknar h` Lüineb Wbsta` y salar fuhvb LH hs h` Waq Hstáfiar. Lbf h` Waquhth Azu` ihvuh`tb y lhrtndnlaib 6 <87 eraobs ihvuh`tb a `a ``heaia ih `as lbfiullnbfhs sh shparará y snf hslafhar sh tras`aiará a` puhstb ih ehstnüf ih nflnihflnas ih `a oáqunfa.
- Wheaobs `a pheatnfa vhrih a` paquhth lbfsnefafib h` fúohrb ih raopa (sn h` paquhth ya vnhfh lbf pheatnfa vhrih `a lb`blaobs hflnoa ih hsta b arraflaobs `a quh traïa ih btrb lhftrb). - \h ihpbsntaráf hf ufa jau`a/larrb. - \h prblhihrá a su l`asndnlalnüf l`asndnlalnüf oafua` hf `bs onsobs larrbs/jau`as quh `a paquhthrïa autboatnzak`h, nfthftafib fb ihjar`a para h` dnfa` para hvntar aluou`alnbfhs. - Hxnsth `a pbsnkn`niai ih rha`nzar `a lbfsu`ta ih lausa ih `bs paquhths rhlcazaibs (`hyhfib LNB), asï lbob h` allhsb a `bs kbtbfhs quh phronthf allnbfhs prhvhftnvas (Iup`nlar lüinebs) b lbrrhltbras (Dbrzar LNB, Iup`nlar lüineb, Ehfhrar lüineb). - @a iup`nlalnüf y ehfhralnüf ih lüinebs puhihf rha`nzarsh prhvnaohfth a `a prnohra pasaia ih` paquhth pbr oáqunfa. [hsphltb a `a rhsb`ulnüf ih rhlcazbs: - Ihkhráf shr shr trataibs trataibs hstafib hstafib altnvb h` onsob obib bphratnvb hf h` quh sh ehfhrarbf. - Iup`nlalnüf ih lüinebs: lbfsnsth hf `hhr lbf pnstb`a uf lüineb (b lbf thl`aib) h noprnonr uf iup`nlaib. - Ehfhralnüf ih ih lüinebs: sh pbirá ehfhrar fuhvbs lüinebs LH. - Hrrbr LW Wheaobs `a htnquhta ih LH hf `a onsoa lara ibfih vaya h` LNB (Lüineb ih karras) y a`nohftaobs h` paquhth hf `a oáqunfa para su l`asndnlalnüf autboátnla. LNB (Lüineb Nihftnlalnüf Bkjhtb) Waq Wrhonuo-Waq Hstáfiar [hstb paquhthrïa ;< laralthrhs 1< b ;< laralthrhs Wrbiultb, obia`niai hftrh- Wrbiultb, puhih thfhr ea, l`nhfth LW. nfdbroalnüf ih` l`nhfth Lüineb ih Hflaonfaonhftb (LH) tnhfh 17 iïentbs ibfih sh nfl`uyh h` lp ih brnehf y ihstnfb.
8<7
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
D. L`asndnlalnüf Oafua` @a l`asndnlalnüf oafua` ih` lbrrhb ca snib `a úfnla hxnsthfth casta `bs añbs shthfta hf `a quh sh duhrbf nftrbiulnhfib indhrhfths ohinbs ohláfnlbs quh aen`nzarbf `a l`asndnlalnüf. @a l`asndnlalnüf oafua` sh rha`nza snf ayuia ih ohinbs ohláfnlbs sbkrh `a ohsa, lasn``hrb, arbs, htl., sheúf hsquhoas ihdnfnibs prhvnaohfth, hstafib altua`ohfth rh`heaia a lnhrtb tnpb ih lbrrhb quh fb sh ‐aiapta‟ a `bs snsthoas ih l`asndnlalnüf autboatnzaia (ihoasnaib eruhsb, erafih b h` lbrrhb nfthrfalnbfa` ih sa`nia). @a l`asndnlalnüf oafua` ihkh shr rhsniua` hf `bs LYA. \n luafib sh rha`nza l`asndnlalnüf oafua` sh ihthltaf hfvïbs autboatnzak`hs, sh ihkhf salar ih` lnrluntb oafua` h nftherar`bs hf autboatnzalnüf. H` lbrrhb trakajaib autboátnlaohfth hf brnehf sh ihkh trakajar autboátnlaohfth hf ihstnfb, snhfib `a prbdufiniai ih l`asndnlalnüf oaybr. Lbob fbroa ehfhra` h` lbrrhb oafua` sh l`asndnla inrhltaohfth a kafihja hf h` hxpbsntbr. Hf lhftrbs lbf oulcb vb`uohf sh utn`nzaf lasn``hrbs b lbfthfhibrhs ih eraf dbroatb. B[NEHF IH@ LB[[HB OAFXA@ - Lbrrhb rhlcazaib N[T - Lbrrhb rhlcazaib D@AY - Lbrrhb fb fb prbpnb ih shr l`asnlaib hf `a D@AY - Dbroatb ebrib, ih` Lur`nfe ih `a LDL, hf lhftrbs snf \LE - Lbrrhb oa` hflaonfaib y rhhxphinib - Lbrrhb ihvuh`tb snf `beb b rhlcazaib pbr h` prberaoa ih ihvuh`tbs
;. L@A\NDNLALNÜF HFTÏB\ AIONYNIB\ HF BDNLNFA\ LBF IH\YNFB A LYA Ihsih `a hftraia hf p`hfb rhfinonhftb r hfinonhftb ih `bs instnftbs Lhftrbs ih Yrataonhftb Autboatnzaib Autboatnzaib `a duflnüf prnflnpa` ih `as Bdnlnfas hs lbfsheunr quh h` lbrrhb quh sh hflaonfh a `bs LYA para su l`asndnlalnüf hstî ihkniaohfth shparaib hxl`usnvaohfth para `a a`nohftalnüf ih `as oáqunfas ih l`asndnlalnüf (fbroa`nzaib y D`at), ya quh `a a`ta lapalniai ih rhfinonhftb ih hstbs lhftrbs ufnibs a su hsphlna`nzalnüf phronth ufa ohjbr l`asndnlalnüf calna sus ihstnfbs dnfa`hs. @bs instnftbs hsquhoas ih l`asndnlalnüf ih` lbrrhb falnib hf duflnüf ih `bs puftbs ih ihstnfb hs a`eb bksb`htb, ya quh `as altua`hs oáqunfas hstáf prhparaias para `a `hltura nfinvniua` ih tbibs `bs hfvïbs y hf kash a inlca `hltura, rha`nzar `a l`asndnlalnüf lbrrhspbfinhfth. Altua`ohfth laia prbvnflna tnhfh uf hsquhoa instnftb ih l`asndnlalnüf ih `bs hfvïbs hf duflnüf ih su LYA, rutas ih trafspbrth, htl. Auf asï, pbihobs vhr `as laralthrïstnlas oás ehfhra`hs. hintbrna` } lhp
8<1
Yhoa 3
;.1 L`asndnlalnüf ih `bs hfvïbs @a L`asndnlalnüf y rbtu`alnüf ih `bs hfvïbs hf h` áokntb falnbfa` ihphfih ih laia prbvnflna ih brnehf y su LYA. Thobs Thobs uf hjhop`b hstáfiar.
A. Lbfthfhrnzalnüf ih hfvïbs laflh`aibs laflh`aibs hf Bdnlnfas lbf oatash``bs dn`atî`nlbs Wara asheurar quh `bs hfvïbs aiontnibs hf Bdnlnfa, a `bs quh sh nfutn`nza h` drafquhb lbf `bs Oatash``bs Dn`atî`nlbs Oafua`hs cakn`ntaibs a` hdhltb hf Bdnlnfas Wrnflnpa`hs, Bdnlnfas Yurïstnlas b hf ihthronfaias Bdnlnfas Wbsta`hs, pbr lausas lbfohobratnvas hsphlna`hs, fb shaf bkjhtb ih fuhvb oatash``aib hf prblhsbs autboatnzaibs pbsthrnbrhs hf LYA„s quh `h caea phrihr h` va`br dn`atî`nlb, sh `hs ihkh iar h` trataonhftb sneunhfth: - @as Bdnlnfas Wbsta`hs aiontnráf aiontnráf `bs hfvïbs y laflh`aráf `bs sh``bs lbf h` oatash``b Dn`atî`nlb luafib asï sha sb`nlntaib pbr h` rhonthfth. - Wbsthrnbr Wbsthrnbrohfth, ohfth, `bs lbfthfhrnza lbfthfhrnzaráf ráf hf `as lbrrhspbf lbrrhspbfinhfths inhfths kafihjas, quh sh nfinlaf hf hsth onsob ibluohftb ih L`asndnlalnüf y [btu`alnüf (Kafihjas ih Fbroa`nzaib b Fb Fbroa`nzaib sheúf lbrrhspbfia). Fufla sh nfl`unrá hf `a kafihja ih KXZBFH\, pbrquh hsta kafihja sh ``hva snhoprh a laflh`alnüf autboátnla, lbf `b quh sh prbiulnrïa h` ibk`h oatash``aib.
K. Lbrrhb brinfarnb Xtn`nzar snhoprh lbfthfhibrhs indhrhflnaibs snf nopbrtar h` fúohrb ih hfvïbs quh lbfthfeaf. Xtn`nzar h` lbfthfhibr ih ohfbr taoañb para bptnonzar h` trafspbrth. H` lbrrhb ih rhlbenia ih kuzbfhs la``h ih `bla`niaihs (quh hftrheaf `as X.[. a `a Bdnlnfa) sh rhonth rbtu`aib a kuzbfhs snf shparalnüf ih dbroatbs y snf trakajar.
8<;
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
1*. Hfvïbs hflaraibs calna h` `aib aoarn``b ih` lbfthfhibr y lbf h` sh``b calna `a parth suphrnbr ih` onsob. ;*. Hfvïbs tuokaibs, onrafib calna `a tapa ih` lbfthfhibr y lbf h` sh``b hf h` `aib aoarn``b ih` onsob. <*. H` Wuk`nkuzüf sh lursará lbf `a ibluohftalnüf ih instrnkulnüf 9* Hfvïbs hflaraibs b tuokaibs calna h` `aib aoarn``b ih` lbfthfhibr
L. Lbrrhb [henstraib Ihvuh`tb
(1) @bs hfvïbs ihvuh`tbs ih `a prbpna `bla`niai sh lbfthfhrnzaf ih `a sneunhfth oafhra: - @bla`niaihs lbf sü`b ufa ufa X[ sh hftrheaf hftrheaf hf oafb a `a Xfniai ih [hpartb snf lbfthfhrnzar hf rhenstraibs ihvuh`tbs. - @bla`niaihs lbf oás ih ufa X[ `bs hfvïbs ihvuh`tbs ihvuh`tbs sh hfeboaf hfeboaf y sh ihpbsntaf hf `a kafihja ih ih rhenstraibs ihvuh`tbs indhrhflnáfib`bs ih` rhstb quh vaf snf hfeboar.
hintbrna` } lhp
8<<
Yhoa 3
I. Lbrrhb rhenstraib Xtn`nzar snhoprh lbfthfhibrhs indhrhflnaibs snf nopbrtar h` fúohrb ih hfvïbs quh lbfthfeaf. Xtn`nzar h` lbfthfhibr ih ohfbr taoañb para bptnonzar h` trafspbrth.
;.; Lbfthfhrnzalnüf @as bdnlnfas quh inspbfeaf ih noprhsbra ih htnquhtas bkthfiráf `a htnquhta aichsnva ih rbtu`alnüf a travîs ih` snsthoa. Hsta sh pheará a su vhz sbkrh `a htnquhta ih lb`br quh lbrrhspbfia, sheúf h` tnpb ih l`asndnlalnüf quh sh hstî dbroa`nzafib. @as bdnlnfas quh fb inspbfeaf ih noprhsbra ih htnquhta rbtu`aráf h` lbfthfhibr lbf `a htnquhta ih lb`br quh lbrrhspbfia. Ihsaparhlhf `bs ihspalcbs lbob `bs lbfblhobs casta acbra, hs ihlnr, sh ihja ih ihta``ar hfvïbs hf \ENH asnefáfib`bs a uf ihspalcb. A partnr ih acbra sb`b cay quh calhr `as shparalnbfhs ih `bs hfvïbs sheúf `a tak`a ih L@A\NDNLALNÜF ^ [BYX@ALNÜF. @bs hfvïbs quh casta acbra caf snib ihta``ak`hs, ufa vhz aiontnibs hf N[N\, sh hsphraf hf h` lhftrb ih trata8<9
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
onhftb snf fhlhsniai ih shr nftrbiulnibs hf \ENH hf uf ihspalcb. @bs hfvïbs ih sb`nlntui ih vbtb y vbtb pbr lbrrhb ih h`hllnbfhs hstata`hs sheunráf asnefáfibsh a uf ihspalcb \ENH, ihta``afib laia hfvïb lbob sh ca chlcb snhoprh. ^ `a rbtu`alnüf ih` ihspalcb sh ihta``ará hf `as nfstrullnbfhs quh sh hfvïaf para laia h`hllnüf. @a lbrrhspbfihflna sh l`asndnla hf `bs lbfthfhibrhs ih aluhrib lbf `a YAK@A IH L@A\NDNLALNÜF ^ [BYX@ALNÜF. Ybias `as Bdnlnfas ih `a [hi ihkhf utn`nzar `a kafihja oás phquhña pbsnk`h sheúf h` vb`uohf ih hfvïbs (A, K b L), nfl`uyhfib hf h``as tbibs `bs hfvïbs hxnsthfths (fbroa`nzaibs y fb fbroa`nzaibs) lbf `a dnfa`niai ih bptnonzar su usb hf h` trafspbrth. Ybias `as kafihjas ihkhf lnrlu`ar snf tapa. Fb sh pbiráf utn`nzar para `a lbfthfhrnzalnüf ih hfvïbs falnibs hf `a Bdnlnfa `as kafihjas ih lb`br azu`, hxl`usnvas para h` lbrrhb NWL. Ybibs `bs hfvïbs quh pbr su vb`uohf fb quhpaf hf `a kafihja, ihkhf lnrlu`ar a` ihsluknhrtb. Wbiráf lbfdneurarsh l`asndnlalnbfhs hf larrb b jau`a snhoprh quh h` trafspbrth phronta h` usb ih hstbs h`hohftbs. Afths ih hftrhear tbib h` lbrrhb rhenstraib y brinfarnb a` rhspbfsak`h ih `a lbfiullnüf, sh ihkh vhrndnlar quh fb quhia lbrrhb aiontnib phfinhfth hf `a Bdnlnfa. Lbob lrnthrnb ehfhra`, tbib h` lbrrhb aiontnib ihkh sa`nr hf `a prnohra lbfiullnüf. Hftrhear `as kafihjas y larrbs lbfthfnhfib h` lbrrhb a` rhspbfsak`h ih `a lbfiullnüf. Hxnsth hf \ENH, hf h` Ohfú: Y[ÁF\NYB: Whfinhfths sa`nia, `a pbsnkn`niai ih erakar `bs hfvïbs rhenstraibs aiontnibs ihspuîs ih `a sa`nia ih `a ú`tnoa ruta, para hf uf obohftb iaib thfhr ufa hstaiïstnla dnak`h ih `bs hfvïbs quh sh quhiaf hf `as bdnlnfas snf sa`nr hf `a dhlca ih su aionsnüf. Fufla sh rha`nzará hsta erakalnüf lbf `bs hfvïbs aiontnibs h` sákaib ya quh hstbs hfvïbs fb sh hsphraf hf h` lhftrb casta h` `ufhs.
hintbrna` } lhp
Yboh fbta Hf `a Bdnlnfa ihkh cakhr ufa prbvnsnüf ih lbfthfhibrhs y larrbs sudnlnhfth, ajustaia a `bs vb`úohfhs ih aionsnüf ih `a Bdnlnfa.
8<8
Yhoa 3
A. H`hohftbs ih lbfthfhrnzalnüf @a lbfthfhrnzalnüf ca supuhstb: - @a h`nonfalnüf ih salas y su su sustntulnüf pbr pbr kafihjas. kafihjas. - @a h`nonfalnüf ih juhebs ih arbs y `a sustntulnüf pbr rnfe ih kafihjas. - @a h`nonfalnüf ih jau`as y su sustntulnüf pbr larrbs traspbrtaibrhs. - @a aiaptalnüf aiaptalnüf prberhsnva ih ohinbs ih trafspbrth a` fuhvb snsthoa. - @a ohjbra ih `as lbfinlnbfhs ih trakajb para tbibs `bs trakajaibrhs hf ehfhra`, y hsphlïdnlaohfth, para h` phrsbfa` ihinlaib a `bs prblhsbs ih larea y ihslarea. a. Kafihjas
@as kafihjas sbf ih p`ástnlb, lbf ibs lb`brhs lbrpbratnvbs (aoarn``b y azu`). \h lb`blaf hf h` hxpbsntbr lbf h` `aib aoarn``b ih lara a` l`asndnlaibr, inspbfhf ih ufa euïa hf `a parth suphrnbr ih` `aib aoarn``b para lb`blar `a htnquhta nihftndnlatnva ih` lbfthfnib. Ynhfh dbroa ih trbflb pnraonia` y ih inshñb hrebfüonlb, su kash hs oás hstrhlca para daln`ntar su hflajaib y apn`aonhftb.
8<4
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
Hxnsthf trhs tnpbs:
Hstas kafihjas hstáf prbvnstas para su lnhrrh ih tapas quh prbthehf h` lbfthfnib ih `a sulnhiai y hvntaf quh sh ibk`hf `bs hfvïbs. Hs bk`neatbrna su utn`nzalnüf para tbias aquh``as kafihjas quh ihkaf trafspbrtarsh pbr vïa aîrha, fbroa`ohfth hf lbfiullnbfhs falnbfa`hs. Yaoknîf inspbfhf ih a`htas `athra`hs akatnk`hs quh ayuiaf a sujhtar `a tapa ih lnhrrh. Hstas a`htas snrvhf ih apbyb y hflajh ih `a kafihja suphrnbr hvntafib quh sh ihsobrbfhf luafib hstáf lhrraias y apn`aias earaftnzafib ufa oaybr sheurniai hf `bs tras`aibs. Xfa vhz valïas para su apn`aonhftb, sh ihkhf akatnr `as a`htas `athra`hs ih lnhrrh para quh hflajhf ufas hf btras, fb ohzl`afib `bs indhrhfths tnpbs. - Kafihjas tnpb A, K, L. - Larrb hxpbsntbr. hintbrna` } lhp
\akïa quh @bs tnpbs ih kafihjas sbf phrdhltaohfth lbopatnk`hs para su apn`aonhftb aiaptáfibsh tbias h``as.
8<5
Yhoa 3
- Larrb pbrtakafihras. - Larrb trafspbrtaibr.
k. Larrb Yrafspbrtaibr
Yboh fbta
Hstá ibtaib ih:
H` larrb trafspbrtaibr hs h` h`hohftb l`avh para `a lbfsb`nialnüf, a`oalhfaonhftb y trafspbrth ih kafihjas. H
Larrb Yrafspbrtaib Yrafspbrtaibrr
H`hohftbs: - Drhfb ih hstalnbfaonhftb. - Drhfb ih oafb `nkrh. - Asa hrebfüonla. - K`bquhb ih inrhllnüf para ; ruhias enratbrnas. - Watïf aftnvuh`lb. - Juheb ih hs`nfeas para sujhtar `a larea. \us prnflnpa`hs duflnbfhs sbf: - Daln`ntar h` tras`aib nfthrfb ih kafihjas hf `as \a`as ih Yrataonhftb. - \hrvnr ih ohinb ih trafspbrth hf `as rutas. - Daln`ntar h` trafspbrth ih kafihjas casta `bs ouh``hs ih larea y ihslarea \h laralthrnza pbr: - Ynhfh uf phsb ih 93 me
8<3
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
-
Luatrb ruhias oüvn`hs. Drhfb ih oafb `nkrh (útn` luafib hstá hstá hf obvnonhftb). Drhfb ih hstalnbfaonhftb lbf phia` aftnvuh`lb (útn` luafib hstá paraib). \nsthoa shfln``b ih afl`ajh. Yrhf ih rbiajh quh phronth obvhr lbf daln`niai casta 987 me Ynhfh parhihs `athra`hs hf `bs `aibs lbrtbs. A`eufbs larrbs pbshhf rhi ohtá`nla hf su parth pbsthrnbr earaftnzafib ufa oaybr sheurniai. - @a kash kash ih` larrb phronth hflajar `bs trhs tnpbs ih kafihjas. kafihjas.
l. Larrb hxpbsntbr H` larrb hxpbsntbr hs h` `uear fatura` ibfih sh ihsp`nheaf `as kafihjas. Hs uf h`hohftb obiu`ar para lbfstntunr rnfe kafihjas. Whronth ihslarear y l`asndnlar inrhltaohfth hf h` hxpbsntbr dbroatb d`at (dnfb) y ebrib. Lapalniai ih 1; kafihjas tnpb K.
Larrb hxpbsntbr
i. Larrb pbrtakafihjas
H` larrb pbrtakafihras hs ufa hsphlnh ih laoarhra para 9/4 kafihjas a` quh sh puhih iar uf usb invhrsb. Lapalniai 9 kafihjas.
hintbrna` } lhp
8<>
Yhoa 3
h. Lbfthfhibr p`heak`h rhutn`nzak`h
d. Ihsrbtu`alnüf y rbtu`alnüf ih `as ufniaihs ih larea Ybia ufniai ih larea (jau`a, larrntb, pa``ht) trataia hf h` árha @beïstnla ca ih shr ihspbshïia ih `a htnquhta lbf `a quh ``heü. @a htnquhta shrá ihpbsntaia hf `a paph`hra, oafthfnhfib `nopnb h` hftbrfb ih trakajb, sa`vb quh h` larrb b jau`a hf luhstnüf thfea a`eufa nflnihflna. Hf hsth lasb `a htnquhta shrá rhpbrtaia, juftb lbf `a nflnihflna, a` rhspbfsak`h ih` prblhsb.
897
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
@a htnquhta ih larrbs lbf brnehf hf btras árhas b Xfniaihs ih` LYA shráf rhluphraias para su rhutn`nzalnüf pbsthrnbr. Ih lua`qunhr obib, h` larrb b jau`a valïa snhoprh quhiará snf fnfeúf tnpb ih htnquhta. Ybia ufniai ih larea (jau`a, larrntb b pa``ht) quh sh lbfdhllnbfh hf `bs instnftbs rnfes ih l`asndnlalnüf/lbfsb`nialnüf ih` árha @beïstnla hstará prbvnsta ih ufa htnquhta hf `a quh sh hsphlndnquh: - Brnehf. - Dhlca. - Lbfthfnib. - Ihstnfb. @a htnquhta shrá puhsta hf `a jau`a b larrntb hf h` obohftb ih sntuar`b hf h` rnfe, hs ihlnr, afths ih lbohfzar a ihpbsntar prbiultbs hf h` onsob. @a htnquhta hs ih usb bk`neatbrnb, nfihphfinhfthohfth ih` ihstnfb ih `a jau`a, larrntb b rnfe: btrb Lhftrb, h` árha ih Wrbiullnüf, btra Zbfa ih `a onsoa árha, htl.
Yboh fbta Wara h` htnquhtaib sh puhihf utn`nzar, aihoás ih` obib bdnlna` ih htnquhta ih larrb b Jau`a (L11) obih`bs lbfdhllnbfaibs nfdbroátnlaohfth b ohinafth dbtblbpnas. Hf hsth lasb `a hstrultura ih `a htnquhta ca ih shr `a onsoa ih` obih`b bdnlna`: onsob taoañb, onsobs hpïeradhs, onsobs laopbs, htl.
<. @B\ LHFY[B\ IH Y[AYAONHFYB @a `beïstnla cby hf iïa tnhfh ufa nopbrtaflna vnta` para `as hoprhsas, `a Asblnalnüf Draflhsa ih @beïstnla `a ihdnfh lbob ‐h` lbfjuftb ih altnvniaihs quh tnhfhf pbr bkjhtb lb`blar a` oïfnob lbstb ufa laftniai ihthronfaia ih prbiultb hf h` `uear y obohftb quh hs ihoafiaia‟. Xfb ih `bs prnflnpa`hs h`hohftbs ih `a laihfa `beïstnla ih Lbrrhbs hs `a rhi ih Lhftrbs ih Yrataonhftb quh sh lbopbfh ih `bs sneunhfths tnpbs:
<.1 Lhftrb ih Yrataonhftb Wbsta` (LYW) Fbroa`ohfth hstas ufniaihs fb luhftaf lbf ohinbs autboátnlbs ih l`asndnlalnüf, su duflnüf prnflnpa` hs hflaonfar h` lbrrhb calna su LYA hstrulturafib h` lbrrhb hf duflnüf ih `bs prberaoas ih l`asndnlalnüf ih inlcb lhftrb. Luhftaf lbf ufa Xfniai ih Wrbiultbs [henstraibs para h` lbftrb` ih tbibs `bs hfvïbs ih su prbvnflna, sn knhf
hintbrna` } lhp
891
Yhoa 3
hstas duflnbfhs hf a`eufas prbvnflnas sbf asuonias pbr h` LYA ih rhdhrhflna. Hf `a altua`niai hxnsthf <4 lhftrbs ih hsth tnpb. \us duflnbfhs prnflnpa`hs , prnflnpa`hs , hf rh`alnüf a `a prbvnflna hf quh sh hfluhftraf sbf: - Lhftrb ih Aionsnüf prbvnflna`. - Yrataonhftb ih` lbrrhb oafua` prbvnflna`. - XW[ prbvnflna`. - W`atadbroa `beïstnla prbvnflna`.
<.; Lhftrbs ih Aionsnüf Oasnva (LAO) Lbob su prbpnb fbokrh nfinla sbf `bs lhftrbs hflareaibs ih aiontnr `bs erafihs d`ujbs ih lbrrhb asï lbob lbftrb`ar tbias `as rh`alnbfhs y a`karafhs ih hftrhea para su erakalnüf. Wuhihf hxnstnr ih dbroa autüfboa, hf erafihs favhs b nftheraibs ihftrb ih `bs hindnlnbs ih `bs LYA. \ntuaibs hf lnuiaihs lbf eraf vb`uohf ih aionsnüf, Oairni y Karlh`bfa. - LAO Oairni µ LAO 1: - Aionsnüf oasnva oasnva ih paquhthrïa urehfth, lartas urehfths y va`njas. - Aionsnüf oasnva ih lartas. - XW[ falnbfa`. µ LAO ;: - Aionsnüf oasnva ih puk`nlbrrhb y paquhthrïa fb urehfth. - Yrataonhftb autboatnzaib ih paquhthrïa. µ LAO <: - Wa`htnzalnüf ih ohrlaflïas para Lafarnas. - XW[ prbvnflna` ih Oairni. - LAO KA[LH@BFA µ LAO 1: - Aionsnüf oasnva ih lartas. - Aionsnüf oasnva oasnva ih paquhthrïa urehfth, lartas urehfths y va`njas. µ LAO ;: - Aionsnüf oasnva ih puk`nlbrrhb y paquhthrïa fb urehfth. - Yrataonhftb autboatnzaib ih paquhthrïa.
<.< L[H@ Lhftrb rheu`aibr ih h`hohftbs `beïstnlbs, sh hfluhftra hf Lcaoartïf, Oairni. 89;
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
<.9 L@N Lhftrb @beïstnlb Nftheraf, uknlaib hf `a zbfa drafla ih Karlh`bfa, ihftrb ih` lhftrb sh hfluhftra uf LY L YA, Aionsnüf oasnva, L`asndnlalnüf autboatnzaia ih paquhthrïa.
<.8 @bs Lhftrbs ih trataonhftb autboatnzaib autboatnzaib (LYA) @bs LYA ih Lbrrhbs sbf `bs lhftrbs pbr ibfih sh nfthrlaokna tbib h` lbrrhb ihphfinhfth ih sus prbvnflnas, hsth trataonhftb sh rha`nza hf su oaybr parth ih dbroa autboatnzaia. \us duflnbfhs prnobrina`hs sbf: - Yrataonhftb ih` lbrrhb autboatnzak`h ih hftraia y sa`nia - Lbfsb`nialnüf/ihslbfsb`nialnüf ih prbiultbs rhenstraibs - W`atadbroa `beïstnla zbfa`
A. @nstaib ih LYA Hf `a altua`niai hxnsthf hstbs LYA: ZBFA Zbfa 1
LYA \aftnaeb ih Lbopbsth`a
W[BTNFLNA\ IHWHFINHFYH\ A Lbruña @ueb Brhfsh
Ta``aib`ni
Wbfthvhira Ta``aib`ni Avï`a Kurebs \hebvna \a`aoafla Wa`hflna Zaobra
Bvnhib
hintbrna` } lhp
@hüf Asturnas
89<
Yhoa 3 ZBFA Zbfa ;
LYA Tntbrna
W[BTNFLNA\ IHWHFINHFYH\ Á`ava Laftakrna Eunpúzlba [nbja Kn`kab Zaraebza
Kn`kab Zaraebza
Favarra Cuhsla Cuhsla \brna Zbfa <
Yhruh` Karlh`bfa Lapnta` Karlh`bfa prbvnflna
Karlh`bfa Lb`üf Karlh`bfa
Enrbfa @`hnia Zbfa 9
Yarraebfa. Lnuiai [ha`
Oairni
Luhfla A`kalhth Yb`hib Euaia`ajara Oairni Lapnta`
Zbfa 8
899
Oîrnia
Oairni Wrbvnflna Kaiajbz
A`nlafth
Lálhrhs A`nlafth
Ta`hflna
Ourlna Ta`hflna
Ka`harhs
Lasth``üf Ka`harhs
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth ZBFA Zbfa 4
LYA Erafaia
W[BTNFLNA\ IHWHFINHFYH\ A`ohrïa Erafaia
Oá`aea \hvn``a
Jaîf Oá`aea, Oh`n``a \hvn``a Cuh`va Láinz Lhuta
Zbfa 5
@as Wa`oas \afta Lruz ih Yhfhrndh
Lüribka Eraf Lafarna \afta Lruz ih Yhfhrndh
K. Árhas @as árhas y sukárhas ih` Lhftrb fb sbf ufniaihs hstaflas snfb quh tbias h``as, ih ufa u btra oafhra, sh rh`alnbfaf.
hintbrna` } lhp
898
Yhoa 3
@as Árhas @beïstnla y ih Wrbiullnüf tnhfhf ufa eraf rh`alnüf= tbibs `bs hfvïbs trataibs hf h` Árha ih Wrbiullnüf tnhfhf su sa`nia ih` Lhftrb a travîs ih` Árha @beïstnla, ufa parth nopbrtafth ih `bs prbiultbs ``heaibs a` Árha @beïstnla ihkhráf shr trataibs hf h` árha ih Wrbiullnüf, htl. @as zbfas ih trataonhftb autboátnlb y oafua` ih` Árha ih Wrbiullnüf hstáf ouy rh`alnbfaias, ya quh `a zbfa ih oafua` ihkh shr lbop`hohftarna ih `a ih autboatnzalnüf. @bs hfvïbs ihkhf ``hear ihsih h` Árha @beïstnla a `a zbfa ih autboatnzalnüf y, shrá hsta `a ú`tnoa, `a quh dn`trh `bs hfvïbs quh fb puhihf shr trataibs autboátnlaohfth para hflaonfar`bs lbf d`unihz a `a zbfa ih oafua`. Ybibs `bs LYA sh lbopbfhf ih ibs erafihs árhas:
a. Zbfa ih `beïstnla Hs h` hspalnb pbr h` quh sh prbiulhf `as hftraias y sa`nias ih tbibs `bs prbiultbs quh vaf a shr trataibs hf h` Lhftrb. Hs ufa zbfa hf `a quh oás quh tratar `bs prbiultbs, sh lbfsb`niaf b ihslbfsb`niaf para hflaonfar`bs calna su `uear ih trataonhftb b instrnkulnüf. H` árha ih [hi @beïstnla hstá nopu`safib ufa fuhva breafnzalnüf nfthrfa hf `bs LYA. Asï, ya sh caf oarlaib hf h` suh`b `bs larrn`hs b la``hs para `a lnrlu`alnüf ih `as traspa`htas y hop`haibs y para ihdnfnr `as árhas ih trakajb y sh caf rhinshñaib `bs puftbs ih sa`nia, `bs ``aoaibs ‐rnfe‟, prbvnflna`hs, `bla`hs y falnbfa`hs, para `a lbrrhspbfihflna brinfarna, lhrtndnlaia y paquhthrïa. Aihoás, sh ca ``hvaib a lakb `a lb`blalnüf ih `a fuhva rbtu`alnüf y larth`hrïa lbrrhspbfinhfths para laia árha ih` lhftrb y para `as lbfiullnbfhs. Ybib hsth fuhvb `aybut hstá thfnhfib ufa eraf alhptalnüf hftrh `bs hop`haibs, ya quh daln`nta `as pautas ih trakajb, h` brihf y `a nihftndnlalnüf ih `bs hspalnbs ibfih sh hdhltúaf tbibs `bs prblhsbs.
k. H` árha ih Wrbiullnüf Hs h` hspalnb hf h` quh rha`ohfth sh rha`nza h` trataonhftb ih `bs hfvïbs pbsta`hs quh pasaf pbr h` lhftrb. Ynhfh a su vhz varnas sukárhas quh sbf: • Xfniai ih Wrbiultbs Brinfarnbs (XWB)
Xfniai ih Wrbiultbs Brinfarnbs Árha ih L`asnlalnüf Autboátnla LDL (kuzbfhs) @ïfha fbroa`nzaib (N[T+D\O) @ïfha fb fbroa`nzaib YBW (D`at) \LE (\nsthoa ih l`asnlalnüf ih ebrib)
Árha Oafua` NWL* Hfvïbs brinfarnbs* Hfvïbs ihvuh`tbs*
*\h breafnzaf athfinhfib a` ihstnfb dnfa` ih `bs hfvïbs (`bla`, prbvnflna`, Falnbfa`, zbfa` h nfthrfalnbfa`)
894
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth • Xfniai ih Wrbiultbs [henstraibs (XW[)
@a Xfniai ih Wrbiultbs [henstraibs hs `a hflareaia ihftrb ih` LYA ih `a rhlhplnüf, lbftrb`, l`asndnlalnüf y hflaonfaonhftb ih tbibs `bs hfvïbs rhenstraibs asï lbob h` lbftrb` ih fbtndnlalnbfhs. [hlnhfthohfth sh ca prblhinib a `a h`nonfalnüf ih `a lbfdhllnüf ih ihspalcbs pbr `as XW[, sh prhthfih ohjbrar `a trazakn`niai ih `bs hfvïbs, a` onsob tnhopb quh rhiulnr `as tarhas fhlhsarnas quh ihkhf ihsarrb``ar `bs hop`haibs ih `as bdnlnfas hf h` trataonhftb ih `bs hfvïbs, taftb falnibs hf `a onsoa bdnlnfa, lbob phfinhfths ih rhlnknr ihsih uf Lhftrb ih Yrataonhftb. @a prnflnpa` fbvhiai lbfsnsth hf quh `as bdnlnfas fb ihkhráf rha`nzar ihspalcbs ih `bs hfvïbs falnibs, fn rhlnknráf ihsih `bs lhftrbs ih trataonhftb `bs hfvïbs aerupaibs hf ihspalcbs. Hsta prnohra dash sb`b a`lafza a `bs obvnonhftbs ih hfvïbs hftrh lhftrbs ih trataonhftb (Xfniaihs ih Wrbiultbs [henstraibs-XW[) y ufniaihs ih hftrhea b aionsnüf, quhiafib para uf sheufib ihsarrb``b h` obvnonhftb ih hfvïbs hftrh ufniaihs ih aionsnüf b hftrhea (Bdnlnfas /X[/X\H). @a fuhva duflnbfa`niai sh kasa hf quh, hf h` obohftb ih `a aionsnüf ih` hfvïb hf N[N\ (snhoprh cak`aobs ih hfvïbs rhenstraibs) y ayuiáfibsh ih `a nfdbroalnüf lbfthfnia hf `a ap`nlalnüf Oahstrbu, pbihobs lbfblhr h` hflaonfaonhftb quh ihkh sheunr h` hfvïb y `as ufniaihs pbr `as quh ihkh pasar, ihsih `a ufniai ih aionsnüf casta `a ufniai ih hftrhea. H` hsquhoa ih duflnbfaonhftb hs lbob sneuh: 1) H` hfvïb hs aiontnib hf `a Bdnlnfa, ihsih hsh obohftb \ENH ya lbfblh `a ufniai ih ihstnfb y `as indhrhfths ufniaihs pbr `as quh ihkhrá pasar h` onsob. @a bdnlnfa fb asnefa h` hfvïb a fnfeúf ihspalcb, snfb quh `b lbfthfhrnza snf oás rhqunsntbs. Wbr `b taftb fb noprnonobs ihspalcbs fn oapbfhs. ;) @a XW[ ih brnehf hsphra hf su \ENH h` hfvïb. \b`b aparhlh hf h` luairb ih oafib ih hsta ufniai. Luafib pnstb`ha h` hfvïb, ihsaparhlh ih su luairb ih oafib y aparhlh hf h` luairb ih oafib ih `a sneunhfth ufniai, quh hf hsth hjhop`b chobs ihfbonfaib XW[ ih ihstnfb. <) Luafib `a XW[ ih ihstnfb pnstb`ha h` lüineb ih` hfvïb, ihsaparhlh ih su luairb luairb ih oafib y aparhlhrá lbob phfinhfth ih rhlhplnüf hf h` luairb ih oafib ih `a sneunhfth ufniai, quh hs `a Bdnlnfa quh rha`nzará `a hftrhea a` l`nhfth. 9) Wbr ú`tnob, luafib `a bdnlnfa `b asnefh a` a`oalîf ih \ENH lbrrhspbfinhfth, h` hfvïb ihsaparhlh ih su luairb ih oafib. Ybibs hstbs pasbs caf ehfhraib `bs hvhftbs lbrrhspbfinhfths hf `bs snsthoas, ihjafib `a traza ih` hfvïb. Wara h` lasb ih `bs hfvïbs rhenstraibs falnibs, `a bdnlnfa fb thfirá quh calhr faia indhrhfth a `b quh ya vhfïa calnhfib, sa`vb `b ya lbohftaib hf rh`alnüf a `a suprhsnüf ih ihspalcbs y oapbfhs.
hintbrna` } lhp
895
Yhoa 3
L. Hsquhoa ih uf LYA
<.4 Bdnlnfa ih Laoknb Oairni-Karajas (BLA) Bdnlnfa Nfthrfalnbfa` nftheraia hf h` Árha ih Bphralnbfhs Nfthrfalnbfa`hs ih `a Inrhllnüf ih Bphralnbfhs. @a Bdnlnfa ih Laoknb Oairni Karajas hstá lbopuhsta pbr: - L.Y.N.Karajas @a breafnzalnüf ih` lhftrb sh hstrultura hf ibs fheblnaibs: µ [hlhplnüf y hftrhea: su prnflnpa` duflnüf hs h` lbftrb` ih `as hxphinlnbfhs ih` lbrrhb taftb ih sa`nia lbob ih ``heaia. 893
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
µ Hxpbrtalnüf/ nopbrtalnüf: - Yrataonhftb ih lartas prnbrntarnas ih hxpbrtalnüf: Ihinlaib a `a aphrtura, l`asndnlalnüf y prhparalnüf ih ihspalcbs. - Aphrtura lbrrhb fb NWL brinfarnb nopbrtalnüf. - Aphrtura lbrrhb lhrtndnlaib ih nopbrtalnüf. - L.L.W. Karajas Lhftrb ih trakajb ihinlaib a` trataonhftb y l`asndnlalnüf ohlafnzaib ih` lbrrhb nfthrfalnbfa`. H` phrsbfa` y h` trakajb sh breafnzaf hf indhrhfths fheblnaibs: µ Hxpbrtalnüf ih lartas fb prnbrntarnas: Yrataonhftb Yrataonhftb ih hstbs hfvïbs lbf ihstnfb lua`qunhr lua`qunhr païs ih` oufib. µ L`asndnlalnüf hfvïbs rhenstraibs nopbrtalnüf. µ Hxpbrtalnüf ih paquhthrïa: Ehstnbfa `bs hfvïbs ih paquhthrïa lbf brnehf hf Hspaña y lbf ihstnfb h` hxtrafjhrb. µ L`asndnlalnüf ohlafnzaia: Yrataonhftb ih tbib tnpb ih hfvïb nopbrtaib luyas laralthrïstnlas ih phsb y taoañb phronta shr ohlafnzaib, rha`nzafib ufa l`asndnlalnüf a LYA LYÁ s
falnbfa`hs. µ Fheblnaib ih apbyb: ihstnfaib a iar apbyb y sbpbrth a` rhstb ih fheblnaibs ih dbroa lbop`hohftarna: - HO\ ibluohftbs. - Erakalnüf Dhihx. - Erakalnüf [hhokb`sb. - Lbftrb` para dalturalnüf. µ La`niai - Lbftrb`hs nfthrfbs µ NWL Hxpbrtalnüf: Ybib hfvïb rhlnknib afths ih `as 79:77 c, ihkh lursarsh onsob iïa. µ NWL Nopbrtalnüf: Ybib hfvïb rhlnknib casta `as 14:77 c ca ih lursarsh afths ih `as 14:98 c. µ HO\ Hxpbrtalnüf: @a lbrrhspbfih lbrrhspbfihflna flna rhlnknia hf h` iïa ca ih lursarsh afths ih `as 79:<7 c ih` iïa sneunhfth. µ HO\ Nopbrtalnüf: Ú`tnob lnhrrh a `as 15:<7 c. µ HWE Nopbrtalnüf: Ú`tnob lnhrrh a `as 15:<7 c. - \nsthoas nfdbroátnlbs \NLH[, CB[X\, M^[B\, CXK, LAWH, L AWH, WB[YA@ IH@ OAFIB
hintbrna` } lhp
89>
Yhoa 3
9. [HI IH Y[AF\WB[YH\ 9.1 [hihs ih trafspbrth Xfb ih `bs h`hohftbs nopbrtafths ih `a laihfa `beïstnla pbsta` hs `a rhi ih trafspbrths, quh sh hstrultura hf 9 sukrhihs.
A. @a [hi Yrbfla` b Nfthrzbfa` [hi ih áokntb falnbfa` quh snrvh para h` trafspbrth ih `bs hfvïbs nfthrzbfa`hs. \us prnflnpa`hs h`hohftbs sbf:
a. [hi hf hstrh``a brnehf Oairni Xfh Oairni, prbvnflna lbf oaybr vb`uohf ih aionsnüf, lbf `bs prnflnpa`hs Lhftrbs Wbsta`hs ih` Waïs: LYA„s y btrbs Lhftrbs ih `a phrndhrna.
k. [hi hf akafnlb brnehf Karlh`bfa Xfh Karlh`bfa, sheufia prbvnflna pbr vb`uohf ih aionsnüf, lbf `bs prnflnpa`hs Lhftrbs Wbsta`hs ih` Waïs: LYA„s y btrbs Lhftrbs ih `a phrndhrna.
887
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
l. [hi phrndîrnla/trafsvhrsa` Xfh Lhftrbs ih `a phrndhrna snf pasar pbr Oairni b Karlh`bfa.
i. [hi Xrehfth Fblturfa ([XF) [hi rápnia lbf Cuk hf Oairni quh earaftnza `a la`niai I+1 para `as rh`alnbfhs hf `as quh h` rhstb ih rhihs fb `a lbfsneuhf.
K. @as [hihs Zbfa`hs [hihs ih áokntb zbfa` quh ufhf, pbr `b ehfhra`, a` LYA lbf laia ufb ih `bs LYW„s ih `a Zbfa. Hxnsth ufa rhi ih hsth tnpb hf laia Zbfa.
L. @as [hihs Wrbvnflna`hs [hihs ih áokntb prbvnflna` quh ufhf laia ufb ih `bs LYA„s b LYW„s lbf `as instnftas Bdnlnfas ih `a Wrbvnflna. Hxnsth ufa rhi ih hsth tnpb hf laia Wrbvnflna. hintbrna` } lhp
881
Yhoa 3
I. @as [hihs @bla`hs [hihs ih áokntb urkafb quh rhlbehf kuzbfhs b ufhf Lhftrbs u Bdnlnfas `bla`nzaias ihftrb ih `a onsoa `bla`niai hf lasb ih hxnstnr varnas. [hi
[hi Yrbfla` b Nfthrzbfa`
Ihfnlnüf [hi ih áokntb falnbfa` quh snrvh para h` trafspbrth ih hfvïbs nfthrzbfa`hs [hi ih akafnlb lbf brnehf Karlh`bfa [hi phrndîrnla/trafsvhrsa`
[hi Xr Xrehfth Fb Fblturfa ([ ([XF)
[HI IH Y[AF\WB[YH IH LB[[HB\ [hihs Zbfa`hs. [hihs Wrbvnflna`hs.
[hihs @bla`hs.
H`hohftbs - [hi hstrh``a lbf brnehf hf Oairni - Xfh Karlh`bfa lbf `bs prnflnpa`hs Lhftrbs Wbsta`hs Xfh lhftrbs ih `a phrndh rna snf pasar pbr Oairni b Karlh`bfa [hi rá rápnia lb lbf cu cuk hf hf Oairni quh earaftnza `a la`niai I+1 para `as rh`alnbfhs hf `as quh h` rhstb ih rhihs fb `a lbfsneuhf
[hihs ih áokntb zbfa` quh ufhf, pbr `b ehfhra`, a` LYA lbf laia ufb ih `bs YLW ih `a zbfa [hihs ih áokntb prbvnflna` quh ufhf laia ufb ih `bs LYA b LYW, lbf `as instnftas Blnfas ih `a Wrbvnflna [hihs ih áokntb urkafb quh rhlbehf kuzbfhs b ufhf Lhftrbs u Blnfas `bla`nzaias ihftrb ih `a onsoa `bla`niai hf lasb ih hxnstnr varnas. Luairb rhsuohf [hihs ih Yrafspbrth.
8. @A LA[EA IH THCÏLX@B\ Hf `a larea ih `bs vhcïlu`bs chobs ih shr hsphlna`ohfth luniaibsbs a `a cbra ih lbfdhllnbfar `bs instnftbs apartaibs, ya quh h` obvnonhftb ih` prbpnb vhcïlu`b puhih calhr quh sh ohzl`hf.
88;
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
@as kafihjas para uf onsob ihstnfb ihkhf larearsh juftas ya quh, a` shr apn`ak`hs, asheuraf ohjbr su sujhlnüf a` tnhopb quh fbs puhihf shrvnr ih karrhra shparaibra ih lareas. Cay quh prhstar hsphlna` athflnüf a `bs hfvïbs quh lnrlu`af a` ihsluknhrtb. A` neua` quh hf `a lbfsb`nialnüf ih jau`as, larrbs y pa``ht, `bs hfvïbs dráen`hs cay quh rhshrvar`bs para quh shaf lareaibs a` dnfa`. \u uknlalnüf hf `a parth suphrnbr ih `a larea, a obib ih eunfia ih` pasth`, hvntará su ihthrnbrb pbr ap`astaonhftb.
8.1 Thcïlu`bs lbfthfhrnzaibs hf jau`as, larrntbs b pa``hts @a larea ih hstbs vhcïlu`bs hs oás dáln` ih rha`nzar. Fb bkstafth, cakrá quh thfhr hf luhfta: - @a aihluaia lb`blalnüf ih `as jau`as, jau`as, larrntbs b pa``hts hf `bs vhcïlu`bs. - Quh `as ufniaihs ufniaihs ih larea, larea, jau`as, larrntbs b pa``hts pa``hts lnrlu`hf aprbvhlcaibs aprbvhlcaibs a` oáxnob, oáxnob, sa`vb quh fb hxnsta oás larea para hsh ihstnfb. - Quh `bs pa``hts lareaibs thfeaf sudnlnhfth lbfsnsthflna para quh aeuafthf h` vnajh b quh sudraf ihsobrbfaonhftb. Hf lasb lbftrarnb cakrá quh rhdbrzar`bs ohinafth d`hjh ih p`ástnlb b nfl`usb trasvasar`bs a jau`as b larrntbs. - Quh h` lbfiultbr ih ih `a ruta lnflch `as jau`as b larrntbs laia lnhrtb trhlcb para earaftnza quh `a larea fb sh ihsp`alh. Hf blasnbfhs, fb lakhf tbias `as jau`as, pa``hts y larrbs quh thfhobs para ufa ruta. Hf hsh lasb sh prblhih a rhdufinr h` lbfthfnib ih ibs jau`as b larrbs hf ufb, snhoprh rha`nzafib rhdufinlnbfhs `üenlas. \h rhshrvaráf `bs hfvïbs dráen`hs juftb a `a puhrta ih` vhcïlu`b quh rha`nzará `a ruta para shr lareaib hf `a parth suphrnbr ih `a larea. Xfa vhz lbfdhllnbfaibs `bs larrntbs b jau`as ih paquhthrïa sh prblhihrá nfhxlusak`hohfth a lhrrar `as laihfas b hs`nfeas ih hstbs h`hohftbs ih trafspbrth para hvntar h` ihsp`azaonhftb ih `bs hfvïbs iurafth h` trayhltb. Hf lasb ih `bs larrbs b jau`as quh fb inspbfeaf ih laihfas b hs`nfeas, b ih prhshftar ihthrnbrb `as onsoas, sh prblhihrá a rhtraltn`ar h` larrb b jau`a afths ih sntuar`bs hf h` a`oalîf ih sa`nia.
8.; Wrnbrniai hf h` lursb ih prbiultbs Hf blasnbfhs ouy puftua`hs thfirhobs da`ta ih lapalniai hf h` vhcïlu`b quh rha`nza ufa ruta, a phsar ih cakhr rha`nzaib a`eufa rhdufinlnüf `üenla ih `as hxp`nlaias afthrnbrohfth. Hf hstbs lasbs hs nopbrtafth thfhr l`aras `as prnbrniaihs ih lursbs, hstas sbf: - Wrbiultbs urehfths. - NWL. - Lartas lhrtndnlaias. - Lartas brinfarnas fbroa`nzaias y prhsa inarna. hintbrna` } lhp
88<
Yhoa 3
-
Larta brinfarnas D@A D@AY. Y. Waq Wrhonuo/Waq Hstáfiar y Waquhths Azu`hs. Lartas ih l`nhfth oasnvb. Kásnla oafua`. Wuk`nlbrrhb. Ihvb`ulnbfhs.
8.< Fbroas lboufhs para `a lbfdhllnüf ih jau`as, larrbs y
pa``ht
- Lbob fbroa ehfhra` `as kafihjas sh lursaráf hf larrbs para quh lnrlu`hf hflastraias. - Ybias `as kafihjas shráf lareaias hf h` larrb hflaraias lbf `a lara hf `a quh dneura `a htnquhta calna `a parth aknhrta ih` larrb. - \nhoprh quh h` vb`uohf y `a lapalniai ih `bs vhcïlu`bs `b phrontaf sh lbfdhllnbfar lbfdhllnbfaráf áf lbfthfhibrhs oaybrhs (jau`as, kafihjas, b pa``hts) hxl`usnvbs para kafihjas, paquhthrïa y lareas a erafh` (rhsphtafib `as sherhealnbfhs ih prbiultbs). - @a larea ihpbsntaia hf lua`qunhr lbfthfhibr oaybr fb ihkh sbkrhsa`nr ih `bs `ïonths ih hsth para bptnonzar h` trafspbrth. - Lbob fbroa ehfhra` a `a cbra ih lbfdhllnbfar jau`as larrbs b pa``hts, ouy hsphlna`ohfth hf h` lasb ih `a paquhthrïa, uknlarhobs `as lareas oás phsaias hf `a parth nfdhrnbr ih `bs onsobs. Wara lbfsheunr hsth dnf: µ Yratarhobs hf prnohr `uear `as rhohsas ih hfvïbs phsaibs hf `a ohinia ih `b pbsnk`h. µ Apartarhobs hf prnohr `uear `as rhohsas ih hfvïbs phsaibs hf `a ohinia ih `b pbsnk`h. µ Apartarhobs y rhshrvarhobs `bs hfvïbs dráen`hs para shr lb`blaibs hf `a parth suphrnbr ih `a jau`a, larrb b pa``ht. - @bs larrbs ihkhf lnrlu`ar lbf `as hs`nfeas akrblcaias, `as jau`as lbf `as laihfas hlcaias y `bs pa``hts lbrrhltaohfth rhtraltn`aibs. - Ybib larrb jau`a b pa``ht lbfdhllnbfaib shrá rbtu`aib lbf `a htnquhta lbrrhspbfinhfth lbf `a nfinlalnüf ih: µ H` lhftrb ih brnehf. µ H` lhftrb ih ihstnfb. µ @a dhlca. µ H` prbiultb trafspbrtaib hf su lasb.
889
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
8.9 Fbroas lboufhs para `a larea ih vhcïlu`bs vhcïlu`bs H` Árha @beïstnla hs h` prnflnpa` rhspbfsak`h ih bptnonzar `as rutas ih trafspbrth. \b`b luafib hf h` vhcïlu`b quh rha`nza ufa ruta sha sudnlnhfth para trafspbrtar `a tbta`niai ih `a larea inspbfnk`h hf h` Árha @beïstnla para hsa ruta (a `a cbra ih sa`nia ih hsta), pbirhobs asheurar quh `bs hfvïbs trafspbrtaibs pbiráf luop`nr lbf `bs lboprbonsbs ih shrvnlnb lboprbohtnibs lbf fuhstrbs l`nhfths. Wara lbfsheunr hsth bkjhtnvb hs nopbrtafth: - Larear `as ufniaihs ih trafspbrth (jau`as b larrbs) lbop`htbs, sa`vb quh thfeaobs lapalniai hxlhihftarna ih trafspbrth. - [hlarear casta lbop`hohftar aquh``as ufniaihs ih trafspbrth (larrbs b jau`as) quh fb fbs ``heuhf lbop`htas. - Ihscalhr `bs pa``hts pa``hts phquhñbs phquhñbs h nfl`unr su lbfthfnib hf `as jau`as b larrbs quh lbrrhspbfia. - [ha`nzar ufa rhdufinlnüf `üenla ih `as hxp`nlaias afthrnbrohfth hf lasb ih da`ta ih lapalniai.
8.8 Wrbtblb`bs ih larea ih vhcïlu`bs vhcïlu`bs H` Árha @beïstnla hs taoknîf `a prnflnpa` rhspbfsak`h ih quh sh luop`a hsth prbtblb`b, quh tnhfh pbr dnfa`niai earaftnzar quh `bs vhcïlu`bs quh sa`hf ih` LYA fb sbkrhpashf `a larea oáxnoa autbrnzaia y hstak`hlnia para laia vhcïlu`b pbr h` dakrnlafth. Ih hsta dbroa fbs asheuraobs ih quh: - \h luop`h lbf `a fbroatnva ih lnrlu`alnüf y trafspbrth pbr larrhthra. - \h luop`h lbf `a @hy ih Wrhvhflnüf ih [nhsebs @akbra`hs.
8.4 Oapas ih larea @bs oapas ih larea sbf ibluohftbs hf `bs quh dneuraf tbibs `bs iatbs para `a larea lbrrhlta ih `as rutas ih trafspbrth. Hxnsth uf oapa ih larea pbr laia ufa ih `as rutas ih sa`nia y ``heaia a` LYA, taftb para `a lnrlu`alnüf ih `ufhs a vnhrfhs lbob para `a ih `bs dnfhs ih shoafa. Hsphlndnlalnbfhs ih `as rutas lbfthfnibs hf laia oapa ih larea: - Fbokrh ih `a ruta, tnpb ih vhcïlu`b, lapalniai y hoprhsa quh `a üphra. - Lhftrb quh larea `a ruta hf brnehf. - Cbra ih sa`nia/``heaia. - Dnf prnflnpa` para h` quh quh hstá hstak`hlnia `a ruta. - L`asndnlalnüf ih prbiultbs (laia apartaib ufa sherhealnüf).
hintbrna` } lhp
888
Yhoa 3
- Brihf hf h` quh quh ihkhf shr lareaibs `bs larrbs b jau`as. jau`as. - Cbra ih ``heaia a ihstnfb. - Lhftrb quh quh ihslarea hf h` dnfa` ih ruta.
884
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
4. OAFNWX@ALNÜF IH LA[EA\ 4.1 @a oafnpu`alnüf oafua` ih lareas hf `a @hy ih Wrhvhflnüf ih [nhsebs `akbra`hs @a @hy <1/1>>8, ih 3 ih fbvnhokrh, ih Wrhvhflnüf ih [nhsebs @akbra`hs, ihthronfa h` luhrpb kásnlb ih earaftïas y rhspbfsakn`niaihs prhlnsb para hstak`hlhr uf aihluaib fnvh` ih prbthllnüf ih `a sa`ui ih `bs trakajaibrhs drhfth a `bs rnhsebs ihrnvaibs ih `as lbfinlnbfhs ih trakajb, hf h` oarlb ih ufa pb`ïtnla lbchrhfth, lbbrinfaia y hdnlaz. \heúf h` artïlu`b 4, shráf `as fbroas rhe`aohftarnas `as quh nráf dnjafib y lbflrhtafib `bs asphltbs oás tîlfnlbs ih `as ohinias prhvhftnvas. Hftrh `as fbroas ih ihsarrb``b rhe`aohftarnb sh hfluhftraf `as ihstnfaias a earaftnzar quh ih `a oafnpu`alnüf oafua` ih lareas fb sh ihrnvhf rnhsebs, hf partnlu`ar ibrsb`uokarhs, para `bs trakajaibrhs. Hstas fbroas rhe`aohftarnas: - \h ajustaráf, hf tbib lasb, a `bs prnflnpnbs ih pb`ïtnla prhvhftnva hstak`hlnibs hf `a @hy <1/1>>8. - Oafthfiráf `a ihknia lbbrinfalnüf lbf `a fbroatnva safntarna y ih sheurniai nfiustrna`. - \hráf bkjhtb ih hva`ualnüf, hva`ualnüf, y hf su lasb, ih rhvnsnüf phrnüinla, ih aluhrib lbf `a hxphrnhflna hf su ap`nlalnüf y h` prberhsb ih `a tîlfnla. Hf h` artïlu`b 4 ih `a @hy ih Wrhvhflnüf ih [nhsebs @akbra`hs sh hstak`hlh hsphlïdnlaohfth quh h` Ebknhrfb, a travîs ih `as lbrrhspbfinhfths fbroas rhe`aohftarnas y prhvna lbfsu`ta a `as breafnzalnbfhs snfinla`hs y hoprhsarna`hs oás rhprhshftatnvas, rheu`ará `as oathrnas quh a lbftnfualnüf sh rh`alnbfaf: a) [hqunsntbs oïfnobs quh ihkhf rhufnr `as lbfinlnbfhs ih trakajb para `a prbthllnüf ih `a sheurniai y `a sa`ui ih `bs trakajaibrhs. k) @nontalnbfhs b prbcnknlnbfhs quh adhltaráf a `as bphralnbfhs, `bs prblhsbs y `as hxpbsnlnbfhs `akbra`hs a aehfths quh hftrañhf rnhsebs para `a sheurniai y `a sa`ui ih `bs trakajaibrhs. Hsphlïdnlaohfth pbirá hstahintbrna` } lhp
Yboh fbta \bf `as fbroas ih ihsarrb``b rhe`aohftarnb `as quh ihkhf dnjar `as ohinias oïfnoas quh ihkhf aibptarsh para `a aihluaia prbthllnüf ih `bs trakajaibrhs.
885
Yhoa 3
k`hlhrsh h` sbohtnonhftb ih hstbs prblhsbs prblh sbs u bphralnbfhs a tráonths ih lbftrb` aionfnstratnvb, asï lbob, hf h` lasb ih aehfths ph`nerbsbs, `a prbcnknlnüf ih su hop`hb. l) Lbfinlnbfhs b rhqunsntbs hsphlna`hs para lua`qunhra ih `bs supuhstbs lbfthop`aibs hf h` apartaib afthrnbr, ta`hs lbob `a hxnehflna ih uf ainhstraonhftb b dbroalnüf prhvna b `a h`akbralnüf ih uf p`af hf h` quh sh lbfthfeaf `as ohinias prhvhftnvas a aibptar. i) Wrblhinonhftbs ih hva`ualnüf ih `bs rnhsebs para `a sa`ui ih `bs trakajaibrhs, fbroa`nzalnüf ih ohtbib`beïas y euïas ih altualnüf prhvhftnva. h) Obia`niaihs ih breafnzalnüf, duflnbfaonhftb y lbftrb` ih `bs shrvnlnbs ih prhvhflnüf, lbfsnihrafib `as phlu`narniaihs ih `as phquhñas hoprhsas lbf h` dnf ih hvntar bkstálu`bs nffhlhsarnbs para su lrhalnüf y ihsarrb``b, asï lbob lapalniaihs y aptntuihs quh ihkaf rhufnr `bs ohflnbfaibs shrvnlnbs y `bs trakajaibrhs ihsnefaibs para ihsarrb``ar `a allnüf prhvhftnva. d) Lbfinlnbfhs ih trakajb b ohinias prhvhftnvas hsphlïdnlas hf trakajbs hsphlna`ohfth ph`nerbsbs, hf partnlu`ar sn para `bs onsobs hstáf prhvnstbs lbftrb`hs oîinlbs hsphlna`hs, b luafib sh prhshfthf rnhsebs ihrnvaibs ih ihthronfaias laralthrïstnlas b sntualnbfhs hsphlna`hs ih `bs trakajaibrhs. e) Wrblhinonhftb ih la`ndnlalnüf ih `as hfdhrohiaihs prbdhsnbfa`hs, asï lbob rhqunsntbs y prblhinonhftbs para `a lboufnlalnüf h nfdbroalnüf a `a autbrniai lbophthfth ih `bs iañbs ihrnvaibs ih` trakajb.
4.; Daltbrhs quh blasnbfaf rnhsebs ibrsb`uokarhs ibrsb`uokarhs ihrnvaibs ih `a oafnpu`alnüf oafua` ih lareas A. Laralthrïstnlas ih `a larea @a oafnpu`alnüf oafua` ih ufa larea puhih prhshftar uf rnhseb, hf partnlu`ar ibrsb`uokar, hf `bs lasbs sneunhfths: - Luafib `a larea hs ihoasnaib phsaia b ihoasnaib erafih. - Luafib hs vb`uonfbsa b indïln` ih sujhtar. - Luafib hstá hf hqun`nkrnb nfhstak`h b su lbfthfnib lbrrh h` rnhseb ih ihsp`azarsh. - Luafib hstá lb`blaia ih ta` obib quh quh ihkh sbsthfhrsh sbsthfhrsh b oafnpu`arsh oafnpu`arsh a instaflna instaflna ih` trbflb b lbf tbrsnüf b nfl`nfalnüf ih hsth. - Luafib `a larea, ihknib a su asphltb hxthrnbr b a su lbfsnsthflna, puhih blasnbfar `hsnbfhs a` trakajaibr, hf partnlu`ar hf lasb ih eb`ph.
K. Hsduhrzb dïsnlb fhlhsarnb Xf hsduhrzb dïsnlb puhih hftrañar uf rnhseb, hf partnlu`ar ibrsb`uokar, hf `bs lasbs sneunhfths: 883
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
- Luafib hs ihoasnaib nopbrtafth. - Luafib fb puhih rha`nzarsh oás quh quh pbr uf obvnonhftb ih tbrsnüf b ih d`hxnüf ih` trbflb. - Luafib puhih puhih alarrhar uf obvnonhftb kruslb ih `a larea. - Luafib sh rha`nza onhftras h` luhrpb hstá hf pbsnlnüf nfhstak`h. - Luafib sh trath trath ih a`zar b ihslhfihr `a larea lbf fhlhsniai ih obindnlar h` aearrh.
L. Laralthrïstnlas ih` ohinb ih trakajb @as laralthrïstnlas ih` ohinb ih trakajb puhihf auohftar h` rnhseb, hf partnlu`ar ibrsb`uo kar, hf `bs lasbs sneunhfths: - Luafib h` hspalnb `nkrh, hsphlna`ohfth vhrtnla`, rhsu`ta nfsudnlnhfth para h` hjhrlnlnb ih `a altnvniai ih quh sh trath. - Luafib h` suh`b hs nrrheu`ar y, pbr taftb, puhih iar `uear a trbpnhzbs b knhf hs rhska`ainzb para h` la`zaib quh ``hvh h` trakajaibr. - Luafib `a sntualnüf sntualnüf b h` ohinb ih ih trakajb fb phronth phronth a` trakajaibr trakajaibr `a oafnpu`alnüf oafnpu`alnüf oafua` ih lareas a ufa a`tura sheura y hf ufa pbstura lbrrhlta. - Luafib h` suh`b b h` p`afb ih trakajb prhshftaf ihsfnvh`hs quh nop`nlaf `a oafnpu`alnüf ih `a larea hf fnvh`hs indhrhfths. - Luafib h` suh`b b h` puftb ih apbyb apbyb sbf nfhstak`hs. hintbrna` } lhp
88>
Yhoa 3
- Luafib `a thophratura, cuohiai b lnrlu`alnüf ih` anrh anrh sbf nfaihluaias. - Luafib `a n`uonfalnüf fb sha aihluaia. - Luafib hxnsta hxpbsnlnüf a vnkralnbfhs.
I. Hxnehflnas ih `a altnvniai @a altnvniai puhih hftrañar rnhseb, hf partnlu`ar ibrsb`uokar, luafib nop`nquh ufa b varnas ih `as hxnehflnas sneunhfths: - Hsduhrzbs dïsnlbs ihoasnaib drhluhfths b prb`bfeaibs hf `bs quh nfthrvhfea hf partnlu`ar `a lb`uofa vhrthkra`. - Whrïbib nfsudnlnhfth ih ih rhpbsb dnsnb`üenlb b ih rhluphralnüf. - Instaflnas ihoasnaib erafihs ih h`hvalnüf, ihslhfsb b trafspbrth. - [ntob nopuhstb pbr uf prblhsb quh h` trakajaibr trakajaibr fb puhia obiu`ar.
H. Daltbrhs nfinvniua`hs ih rnhseb Lbfstntuyhf daltbrhs nfinvniua`hs ih rnhseb: - @a da`ta ih aptntui dïsnla para rha`nzar `as tarhas hf luhstnüf. - @a nfaihlualnüf ih ih `as rbpas, h` la`zaib u btrbs hdhltbs phrsbfa`hs quh ``hvh h` trakajaibr. - @a nfsudnlnhflna b nfaiaptalnüf nfaiaptalnüf ih `bs lbfblnonhftbs b ih `a dbroalnüf. - @a hxnsthflna prhvna ih patb`beïa ibrsb`uokar.
4.< [he`as ih altualnüf Lbob fbroa ehfhra`, snhoprh quh sha pbsnk`h sh nfthftará hvntar `a duhrza cuoafa para h` `hvaftaonhftb ih lareas. Hf lasb ih shr fhlhsarna `a oafnpu`alnüf b trafspbrth oafua` ih lareas, sh ihkhráf thfhr hf luhfta ibs prnflnpnbs dufiaohfta`hs: - [ha`nzar h` hsduhrzb ih h`hvalnüf lbf `as pnhrfas. - Oafthfhr rhlta `a hspa`ia. A lbftnfualnüf sh ouhstraf ufbs inkujbs nfinlatnvbs sbkrh h` obib lbrrhltb ih oafnpu`alnüf oafua` ih lareas.
847
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
hintbrna` } lhp
841
Y[AYAONHFYB IH @A LB[[H\WBFIHFLNA \h lbfblh lbob trataonhftb ih `a lbrrhspbfihflna h` lbfjuftb ih `as bphralnbfhs auxn`narhs rha`nzaias lbf `bs hfvïbs pbsta`hs aiontnibs pbr h` bphraibr, ihstnfaibs a prhparar`as para suksneunhfths bphralnbfhs pbsta`hs Wbr su parth, `a l`asndnlalnüf nfl`uyh h` lbfjuftb ih bphralnbfhs luyb dnf hs `a brihfalnüf ih `bs hfvïbs pbsta`hs, athfinhfib a lrnthrnbs ih `a bphratnva pbsta` y rhlnkh `a ihfbonfalnüf ih lursb ih `a lbrrhspbfihflna a `a bphralnüf u bphralnbfhs quh phronthf h` hflaonfaonhftb ih `bs hfvïbs pbsta`hs
H\QXHOA
hintbrna` } lhp
3
L`asndnlalnüf \h hftnhfih pbr l`asndnlalnüf autboátnla aquh``a quh sh rha`nza hf `bs lhftrbs lbf prblhsbs autboátnlbs ih l`asndnlalnüf. Hstá lbopuhsta pbr uf `aib pbr `bs hfvïbs fbroa`nzaibs y pbr btrb pbr `bs hfvïbs tnpb D`at (lbf lnhrtas laralthrïstnlas). Ihslareaia `a lbrrhspbfihflna y prblhsbs nfnlna`hs @bs prblhsbs ihftrb ih uf LYA lbonhfzaf lbf `a ``heaia ih `as instnftas lbfiullnbfhs (prbvnflna`hs, zbfa`hs b falnbfa`hs) y su ihslarea Oatash``aib Hf h` LYA sh oatash``a h` lbrrhb prbvhfnhfth ih bdnlnfas autbrnzaias para fb oatash``ar su lbrrhb y hfvnar`b a` LYA LY A para su oatash``b, asï lbob h` lbrrhb rhlbenib ih `bs kuzbfhs pbr `as instnftas rutas. Oáqunfas LDL (sherheaibras-dalnaibra-laflh`aibra) \bf oáqunfas ih a`tb rhfinonhftb para h` trataonhftb autboatnzaib ih `a lbrrhspbfihflna ihpbsntaia hf kuzbfhs hflarafib y oatash``afib h` lbrrhb autboátnlaohfth Hfvïbs suslhptnk`hs ih l`asndnlalnüf autboatnzaia Laralthrïstnlas ih `a lbrrhspbfihflna suslhptnk`h ih trataonhftb autboátnlb Hfvïbs fbroa`nzaibs H` Lüineb Wbsta` Lbrrhb autboatnzak`h fb fbroa`nzaib (D`at) Fb autboatnzak`h L`asndnlalnüf autboatnzaia, oáqunfas N[T
84<
Hsquhoa 3
Lbflhptb Lbrrhb ihvuh`tb fbroa`nzaib D\O Lbrrhb D@AY \nsthoa ih L`asndnlalnüf ih Ebrib (\LE) \nsthoa ih L`asndnlalnüf ih Waquhthrïa (\LW) Wrbiultbs Laralthrïstnlas hfvïbs autboatnzak`hs A`nohftalnüf ih `bs Hqunpbs L`asndnlalnüf Oafua` @a l`asndnlalnüf oafua` sh rha`nza snf ayuia ih ohinbs ohláfnlbs sbkrh `a ohsa, lasn``hrb, arbs, htl., sheúf hsquhoas ihdnfnibs prhvnaohfth, hstafib altua`ohfth rh`heaia a lnhrtb tnpb ih lbrrhb quh fb sh ‐aiapta‟ a `bs snsthoas ih l`asndnlalnüf autboatnzaia (ihoasnaib eruhsb, erafih b h` lbrrhb nfthrfalnbfa` ih sa`nia).
L@A\NDNLALNÜF HFTÏB\ AIONYNIB\ HF BDNLNFA\ LBF IH\YNFB A LYA Ihsih `a hftraia hf p`hfb rhfinonhftb ih `bs instnftbs Lhftrbs ih Yrataonhftb Autboatnzaib Autboatnzaib `a duflnüf prnflnpa` ih `as Bdnlnfas hs lbfsheunr quh h` lbrrhb quh sh hflaonfh a `bs LYA para su l`asndnlalnüf hstî ihkniaohfth shparaib hxl`usnvaohfth para `a a`nohftalnüf ih `as oáqunfas ih l`asndnlalnüf (fbroa`nzaib y D`at), ya quh `a a`ta lapalniai ih rhfinonhftb ih hstbs lhftrbs ufnibs a su hsphlna`nzalnüf phronth ufa ohjbr l`asndnlalnüf calna sus ihstnfbs dnfa`hs
L`asndnlalnüf ih `bs hfvïbs Lbfthfhrnzalnüf ih hfvïbs laflh`aibs hf Bdnlnfas lbf oatash``bs dn`atî`nlbs Lbrrhb brinfarnb Lbrrhb [henstraib Ihvuh`tb Lbrrhb rhenstraib Lbfthfhrnzalnüf H`hohftbs ih lbfthfhrnzalnüf Kafihjas Larrb Yrafspbrtaibr Larrb hxpbsntbr Larrb pbrtakafihjas Lbfthfhibr p`heak`h rhutn`nzak`h Ihsrbtu`alnüf y rbtu`alnüf ih `as ufniaihs ih larea
849
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
@B\ LHFY[B\ IH Y[AYAONHFYB Lhftrb ih Yrataonhftb Wbsta` (LYW) Fbroa`ohfth hstas ufniaihs fb luhftaf lbf ohinbs autboátnlbs ih l`asndnlalnüf, su duflnüf prnflnpa` hs hflaonfar h` lbrrhb calna su LY LYA A hstrulturafib h` lbrrhb hf duflnüf ih `bs prberaoas ih l`asndnlalnüf ih inlcb lhftrb Lhftrbs ih Aionsnüf Oasnva (LAO) Lbob su prbpnb fbokrh nfinla sbf `bs lhftrbs hflareaibs ih aiontnr `bs erafihs d`ujbs ih lbrrhb asï lbob lbftrb`ar tbias `as rh`alnbfhs y a`karafhs ih hftrhea para su erakalnüf L[H@ Lhftrb rheu`aibr ih h`hohftbs `beïstnlbs, sh hfluhftra hf Lcaoartïf, Oairni L@N Lhftrb @beïstnlb Nftheraf, uknlaib hf `a zbfa drafla ih Karlh`bfa, ihftrb ih` lhftrb sh hfluhftra uf LYA, Aionsnüf oasnva, L`asndnlalnüf autboatnzaia ih paquhthrïa @bs Lhftrbs ih trataonhftb autboatnzaib (LYA) @nstaib ih LYA Árhas Zbfa ih `beïstnla H` árha ih Wrbiullnüf Xfniai ih Wrbiultbs Brinfarnbs (XWB) Xfniai ih Wrbiultbs [henstraibs (XW[) Hsquhoa ih uf LYA Bdnlnfa ih Laoknb Oairni-Karajas Oairni-Karajas (BLA)
Bdnlnfa Nfthrfalnbfa` nftheraia hf h` Árha ih Bphralnbfhs Nfthrfalnbfa`hs ih `a Inrhllnüf ih Bphralnbfhs[hi ih trafspbrths
[HI IH Y[AF\WB[YH [hihs ih trafspbrth @a [hi Yrbfla` b Nfthrzbfa` [hi hf hstrh``a brnehf Oairni [hi hf akafnlb brnehf Karlh`bfa [hiphrndîrnla/trafsvhrsa` [hi Xrehfth Fblturfa ([XF)
hintbrna` } lhp
848
Hsquhoa 3
@as [hihs Zbfa`hs [hihs ih áokntb zbfa` quh ufhf, pbr `b ehfhra`, a` LYA lbf laia ufb ih `bs LYW„s ih `a Zbfa. Hxnsth ufa rhi ih hsth tnpb hf laia Zbfa @as [hihs Wrbvnflna`hs [hihs ih áokntb prbvnflna` quh ufhf laia ufb ih `bs LYA„s b LYW„s lbf `as instnftas Bdnlnfas ih `a Wrbvnflna. Hxnsth ufa rhi ih hsth tnpb hf laia Wrbvnflna @as [hihs @bla`hs [hihs ih áokntb urkafb quh rhlbehf kuzbfhs b ufhf Lhftrbs u Bdnlnfas `bla`nzaias ihftrb ih `a onsoa `bla`niai hf lasb ih hxnstnr varnas
@A LA[EA IH THCÏLX@B\ Thcïlu`bs lbfthfhrnzaibs hf jau`as, larrntbs b pa``hts
@a larea ih hstbs vhcïlu`bs hs oás dáln` ih rha`nzar. Fb bkstafth, cakrá quh thfhr hf luhfta: - @a aihluaia lb`blalnüf ih `as jau`as, larrntbs larrntbs b pa``hts pa``hts hf `bs `bs vhcïlu`bs. - Quh `as ufniaihs ih larea, jau`as, larrntbs larrntbs b pa``hts lnrlu`hf aprbvhlcaibs aprbvhlcaibs a` oáxnob, sa`vb quh fb hxnsta oás larea para hsh ihstnfb. - Quh `bs pa``hts lareaibs thfeaf sudnlnhfth lbfsnsthflna para quh aeuafthf aeuafthf h` vnajh b quh sudraf ihsobrbfaonhftb. Hf lasb lbftrarnb cakrá quh rhdbrzar`bs ohinafth d`hjh ih p`ástnlb b nfl`usb travasar`bs a jau`as b larrntbs. - Quh h` lbfiultbr lbfiultbr ih `a ruta ruta lnflch `as jau`as b larrntbs laia lnhrtb lnhrtb trhlcb para earaftnza quh `a larea fb sh ihsp`alh.
Wrnbrniai hf h` lursb ih prbiultbs Hf blasnbfhs ouy puftua`hs thfirhobs da`ta ih lapalniai hf h` vhcïlu`b quh rha`nza ufa ruta, a phsar ih cakhr rha`nzaib a`eufa rhdufinlnüf `üenla ih `as hxp`nlaias afthrnbrohfth Fbroas lboufhs para `a lbfdhllnüf ih jau`as, larrbs y pa``ht
- Lbob fbroa ehfhra` ehfhra` `as kafihjas sh sh lursaráf hf larrbs larrbs para quh lnrlu`hf lnrlu`hf hflastraias. - Ybias `as kafihjas shráf shráf lareaias hf h` larrb hflaraias lbf `a lara hf `a quh dneura dneura `a htnquhta calna `a parth aknhrta ih` larrb
Fbroas lboufhs para `a larea ih vhcïlu`bs H` Árha @beïstnla hs h` prnflnpa` rhspbfsak`h ih bptnonzar `as `a s rutas ih trafspbrth. \b`b luafib hf h` vhcïlu`b quh rha`nza ufa ruta sha sudnlnhfth para trafspbrtar `a tbta`niai ih `a larea inspbfnk`h hf h` Árha @beïstnla para hsa ruta (a `a cbra ih sa`nia ih hsta), pbirhobs asheurar quh `bs hfvïbs trafspbrtaibs pbiráf luop`nr lbf `bs lboprbonsbs ih shrvnlnb lboprbohtnibs lbf fuhstrbs l`nhfths
844
hintbrna` } lhp
Wrblhsbs ih trataonhftb y trafspbrth
Wrbtblb`bs ih larea ih vhcïlu`bs H` Árha @beïstnla hs taoknîf `a prnflnpa` rhspbfsak`h ih quh sh luop`a hsth prbtblb`b, quh tnhfh pbr dnfa`niai earaftnzar quh `bs vhcïlu`bs quh sa`hf ih` LYA fb sbkrhpashf `a larea oáxnoa autbrnzaia y hstak`hlnia para laia vhcïlu`b pbr h` dakrnlafth Oapas ih larea @bs oapas ih larea sbf ibluohftbs hf `bs quh dneuraf tbibs `bs iatbs para `a larea lbrrhlta ih `as rutas ih trafspbrth
OAFNWX@ALNÜF IH LA[EA\ @a oafnpu`alnüf oafua` ih lareas hf `a @hy ih Wrhvhflnüf ih [nhsebs `akbra`hs @a @hy <1/1>>8, ih 3 ih fbvnhokrh, ih Wrhvhflnüf ih [nhsebs @akbra`hs, ihthronfa h` luhrpb kásnlb ih earaftïas y rhspbfsakn`niaihs prhlnsb para hstak`hlhr uf aihluaib fnvh` ih prbthllnüf ih `a sa`ui ih `bs trakajaibrhs drhfth a `bs rnhsebs ihrnvaibs ih `as lbfinlnbfhs ih trakajb, hf h` oarlb ih ufa pb`ïtnla lbchrhfth, lbbrinfaia y hdnlaz. \heúf h` artïlu`b 4, shráf `as fbroas rhe`aohftarnas `as quh nráf dnjafib y lbflrhtafib `bs asphltbs oás tîlfnlbs ih `as ohinias prhvhftnvas Daltbrhs quh blasnbfaf rnhsebs ibrsb`uokarhs ihrnvaibs ih `a oafnpu`alnüf oafua` ih lareas Laralthrïstnlas ih `a larea Hsduhrzb dïsnlb fhlhsarnb Laralthrïstnlas ih` ohinb ih trakajb Hxnehflnas ih `a altnvniai Daltbrhs nfinvniua`hs ih rnhseb [he`as ih altualnüf Lbob fbroa ehfhra`, snhoprh quh sha pbsnk`h sh nfthftará hvntar `a duhrza cuoafa para h` `hvaftaonhftb ih lareas. Hf lasb ih shr fhlhsarna `a oafnpu`alnüf b trafspbrth oafua` ih lareas, sh ihkhráf thfhr hf luhfta ibs prnflnpnbs dufiaohfta`hs: - [ha`nzar h` hsduhrzb ih h`hvalnüf h`hvalnüf lbf `as pnhrfas - Oafthfhr rhlta `a hspa`ia
hintbrna` } lhp
845
