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Automatic transfer switch for generator BILAL Malik Nov ovem embe berr 10, 10, 20 2014 14 11 Comments Comments
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Automatic transfer transfer switch for generator, in this project you wil l learn about mostly mostly used circuit of automatic transfer switch swi tch for small power generators. There are many autom au tomatic atic transfer swit switches ches are avail able able in market. Some Some of them are expensive expensive and some are ar e cheap. The reason rea son behind their price difference is type of technology used. There are two kind of Automatic transfer switches are available in market. Analog electronics based automatic transfer switch and digital electronics based automatic transfer switches. Analog electronics based transfer switches use analog electronics in their circuit like operational amplifier , comparators, transistors, diodes and mechanical relays etc. But there is no digital display in analog electronics based transfer switches. Digital automatic transfer switches are most commonly used now a days. Because it use liquid crystal digital display to show values of current and voltage to user. It also shows the status of AC main power and generator to show which
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power source is currently being feed to load. You can use as many functionalities as you want. Some examples are given below :
Over voltage and over current protection Battery status or amount of battery charging available protection alarm and many others. In this project, I will discuss digital automatic transfer switch and give you brief idea about its circuit diagram and programming. I will discuss following things?
what is automatic transfer switch for generator? main components used in automatic transfer switch. circuit diagram of automatic transfer switch.
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how to write code for automatic transfer switch?
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WHAT IS AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES? As it name suggest, automatic transfer switch is used to transfer from one state to another. In electrical terms , it is used to transfer load from one power source to another power source. Although it have many applications, but in this project, we are using automatic transfer switch to transfer load between AC main power and generator in case of failure of either power source. Automatic transfer switches for generator is used to turn on generator automatically in case of non availability of main power source. it is also used to transfer load to generator after generator transient period. Block diagram of automatic transfer switch is given below :
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measurement using PIC16F877A microcontroller block diagram of automatic transfer switch of generator Above block diagram is self explanatory, but if you still do not feel comfortable let me know with your comments.
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MAIN COMPONENTS USED IN AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES :
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Automatic transfer switch use following major components which are used to control the main function of ATS. uninterruptible power supply circuit diagram AC voltage measurement of main AC power supply from wapda and out put of generator A, it is used to sense either AC supply from wapda is availble or not. You should have a knowledge about alternating voltage measurement with the help of microcontroller. If you don’t know how to measure AC voltage using microcontroller, check following article :
“AC voltage measurement using pic microcontroller“
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Microcontroller : it is used to measure AC voltages of AC main power from wapda and generator. It is used to take necessary actions against availability or non availability of either source. It is also used to display digital values of voltage and current on liquid crystal display. Liiquid crystal display is used for digital display of current and voltage values. it is also used to show status of both sources. Relays are used to transfer from one source to another based on actions performed by microcontroller subjected to availability of sources.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH OF GENERATOR : Circuit diagram of ATS using pic microcontroller is shown below. I have used pic microcontroller to measure voltage and to take necessary actions on relays.
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circuit diagram of automatic transfer switch for generator To download circuit diagram of automatic transfer switch for generator, click on given below link :
I will post separate article on working of above circuit diagram and how to write code for this project. keep visiting our website to know more about this project. thanks
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About The Author we providing project services to students and industry from last 2 years and working as a freelancer. I also write technical articles related to electrical ,electronics, embedded and power electronics Engineering. Contact me if you need my project services. My email address:
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Comments
Odudu Johnson
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Project description Please I need information and a circuit diagram for Automatic changeover switch with wireless generator control abilities or mechanism. The generator rating is going to be between 2.2kva up to 2.5kva, and must be an automatic embedded systems generator on its own not the manual gen set.. Single phase generator and the Mains will be single phase too.. Ie 220volts 50hz..... The system will be designed to select between two available source of power Givin preference or priority to one out of the two sources of power. In this case, the selection is between public supply Mains and generator. The ATS should monitor the Mains supply and check for complete failure or power outage upon which it changes the load over to the generator supply, sends command to the generator wirelessly to start ie ON.. And when the public supply is restored the ATS detects this sends an OFF command to the generator wirelessly to shut down. •
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BILAL Malik
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check your email •
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ADEMUYIWA ADEKUNLE
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Please send the complete code and circuit to me....
[email protected]
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mars
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hi how far did you get with the articles and has this circuit been built and tested thanks •
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BILAL Malik
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yes it is tested circuit •
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mars
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hi i downloaded the circuit diagram from your link and get a .DSN file which i am struggling to open can you tell me what software i need to open the file thanks •
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BILAL Malik •
circuit diagram is design in proteus •
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mars •
hi i have opened the file in proteus when is press simulate i get the following errors no modules J1 - J3 when i press the button in the schematic nothing happens can you tell me what i am doing wrong as proteus is new to me i am used to using Diptrace thanks •
Ali
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I think that the role of the third relay is to connect the load to the generator after the stabilisation delay, is that correct? •
Ali
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Hello Bilal Thank for this good post. Could you please give a little explanation about the variable resistors connected to the PIC and about the role of the third relay because I think that two relays are sufficient to
switch between the AC power and the generator, aren't they? •
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