Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015 1 Course Objectives: Objectives: The construction industries re7uire i'"le'entation of "rojects e/actl$ as "er s"ecification and di'ensions shon in the draings. Designing8 "re"aring or9ing draings and inter"retation of draings on field for i'"le'entation of construction activit$ are the ver$ basic re7uire'ents for students to ac7uire the 9noledge and e/"ertise. The s$llabus is 'eant to i'"art 9noledge of "la nning8 designing and draing of residential8 "ublic and Industrial buildings. The objectives of this course are as follos: •
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To "re"are or9ing draing of asonr$ foundations8 )CC ,ootings I solated8 co'bined and raft footings. To "ractice draing of co'"onent of buildings: Doors and indos. To stud$ functional design of building ;)esidential8 !ublic and Industrial<8 "ositioning of various co'"onents of buildings and develo"'ent of line diagra'. To develo" "lan8 elevation8 section and schedule of o"enings fro' the given line diagra' of residential buildings. To draft "lan and elevation of )CC building in utoCD
2 Drawing Objectives: The folloing are the draing objectives that students should tr$ to a ttain: 1. Accuracy: 6o draing is useful if it is not accurate. acc urate. Therefore8 an engineer or designer 'ust ac7uire the habit of accurac$ to achieve success in "rofessional e'"lo$'ent. 2. Speed: Ti'e is 'one$ and so there=s no de'and for a slo drafter8 engineer or technician in industr$> so8 hat one needs to focus on is s"eed. oever8 it cannot be attained b$ hurr$ing> rather i t co'es ith stud$ and "ractice. 3. Legibility: Drafters8 technicians and engineers 'ust re'e'ber that a draing is a 'eans of co''unication to others8 and that it 'ust be clear and legible to serve its "ur"ose ell. Care should be given to details8 es"eciall$ to lettering. %. Neatness: if a draing is to be accurate and legible8 it 'ust also be clean. ?ntid$ draings are the result of slo""$ and c areless 'ethods and ill be unacce"table to an instructor or e'"lo$er.
3 Preparation of Technical Drawing 3.1 Projection: ll draings 'ust be created in orthogra"hic "rojec tion. Orthogra"hic !rojection is the standard draing for' of the industrial orld. Orthogra"hic !rojection is a a$ of draing a 3D object fro' different directions. ?suall$ a front8 side and "lan vie 3
Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015 is dran so that a "erson loo9ing at the draing can see all the i'"ortant sides. There are to a$s of draing in orthogra"hic ,irst ngle and Third ngle. The$ differ onl$ in the "osition of the "lan8 front and side vies. The IS code reco''ends the use of first ngle orthogra"hic ort hogra"hic "rojection for all technical draing. n e/a'"le is shon in Figure 3-1.
Figure 3-1
First Angle Orthographic Projection.
3.2 Layout of drawing sheet: The details of la$out shoing 'argins8 fra'e and title bloc9 are shon in e/a'"le belo. 6ote that all draing dran in f irst angle orthogra"hic "rojection 'ust include the relevant notification as shon in the e/a'"le belo:
Figure 3-2
Figure 3-3
Details of title block
Layout of ra!ing sheet
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015 3.3 Conventional Signs: In sectional vies of a building8 "arts of the structure hich are cut b$ section "lane 'a$ be hatched indicating the nature of 'aterial used. So'e of the co''on e/a'"les to be used for building draing are shon belo :
3.4 Drawing to Scale: It is generall$ not feasible to dra buildings or "art of the buildings in its actual si@e. Instead the$ are dran in "ro"ortion to the actual 'easure'ent of the object. This "ro"ortion is 9non as the scale of the draing. Co''on scales are 1:108 1:208 1 :&08 1:1008 1:2008 and 1:&00. scale of 1:108 1:20 or 1:&0 is usuall$ used for isolated "arts of the building such as footings and foundations. 1:&0 and 1:100 scale can be used for the floor "lans of the residential as ell as co''ercial buildings. scale of 1:200 can be used for floor "lan of large buildings or for site "lan of s'all buildings.
3. Di!ensioning: It is i'"ortant that all draings are full$ di'ensioned8 so that the builder and others 9no the re7uired si@e of ever$ "art of the building. It is hoever sensible to not du"licate di'ensions. ?suall$ in building draing8 hori@ontal di'ensioning herever "ossible are indicated on "lan vie. here feasible di'ension lines should be located outside the building or object. On the other hand8 vertical di'ensions herever "ossible are indicated on section vies.
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015 3." #nstru!ents ,olloing is the list of Draing Instru'ents and other 'aterials re7uired: a. b. c. d. e. f.
Draing *oard Ts7uare or Drafter o o Set S7uares ;30(0 and %&%& < !rotractor Draing Instru'ent *o/ ;co'"ass8 divider8 ScaleAlengthening bar< Draing Sheet: The$ are available in 'an$ varieties and good 7ualit$ "a"er ith s'ooth surface should be selected for Draings hich are to be "reserved for longer ti'e. ,or this lab8 o nl$ 2 si@e ;&5%''/%20''< sheets should be used for all draings. g. Draing !encils: The accurac$ and a""earance of a Draing de"ends on the 7ualit$ of !encil used to 'a9e it. The grade of a ! encil lead is 'ar9ed on the !encil. * denotes 'ediu' grade. Increase in hardness is shon b$ value "ut in front of such as 28 3 etc.8 Softer "encils are 'ar9ed as 2*8 3*8 and %* etc. !encil 'ar9ed 3* is softer than 2* and !encil 'ar9ed %* is softer than 3* and so on. *eginning of a Draing 'a$ be 'ade ith or 2. ,or lettering and di'ensioning8 and * !encils are used. The final fair or9 hoever8 'a$ be done ith harder "encils li9e 3 and u"ards. ,or freehand s9etching8 here considerable erasing is re7uired to be done8 softgrade "encils such as * should be used.
Figure 3-" #nstru$ents re%uire for Dra!ing
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015 !esi"ential #uil"ing Drawing The design and draing of residential building consists of t o co'"onents. ,irst is architectural "ers"ective and floor "lans and second is the engineer=s "ers"ective and section vies8 structural stabilit$8 and 'aterials. The di'ensioning of the building should be e/haustive and draings should acco'"an$ the building s"ecifications and schedule of door and indos for co'"lete infor'ation so there is no doubt about 'easure'ents during construction.
4.1 $loor %lan ,loor "lans are the vies of a building obtained b$ cutting hori@ontall$ through the building at so'e "oint above the floor l evel. Bou 'ove aa$ the to" "art and loo9 don at the "lan of the re'aining r e'aining botto' "art. The "lan vie is 'eant to illustrate the arrange'ent of the roo's and other s"aces ithin the house and also sho the thic9ness of all the internal and e/ternal alls. The doors and indos in the floor "lan are nu'bered and 'ar9ed as D18 D2 etc . nd 18 2 etc res"ectivel$. ll hori@ontal di'ensions of the building should be 'ar9ed in this vie of the building.
4.2 Section &iew section is a vie of the building or object obtained b$ 'a9ing an i'aginar$ vertical cut through it. vertical section through a building is 'eant to sho the details of construction such as foundations8 alls8 floors8 roof8 and other "arts. ll vertical levels of the building should also be 'ar9ed in this vie.
4.3 'levation &iew n elevation is a vie that $ou get if $ou loo9 in a hori@ontal direction at the vertical side ;or face< of a building. hen draing an elevation $ou need to ta9e the hori@ontal di'ensions fro' the "lan and the vertical di'ensions fro' the sections. The "ur"ose of a location elevation is to sho the e/ternal faces of the building and locate the door and indo o"enings and other features of the building.
4.4 (ethod of drawing Figure 4-1 !rabhu et. al. 1555 outlines the basic ste"s of draing the three funda'ental vies on building draing fro' a given line diagra'. 6ote the different levels ithin the buildings that are i'"ortant for the contractor for reading these draing during construction.
n e/a'"le draing of a residential building is shon in Figure 4-2 !rabhu et. al. 1555 shoing all the details re7uired in the c o'"lete building draing.
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015
Figure "-1 &teps in builing ra!ing
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015
Figure "-2 &a$ple builing ra!ing
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015 5 $ab %&ercises .1 La) e*ercise 1: $oundation Design and Drawing 1. Dra section vies for three different a$s in hich footings can be "lanned for alls. ssu'e the folloing data for the footings: a. !CC base used for footings is 200'' t hic9. b. ,oundation level is 400 '' belo the ground #evel. c. ,inish floor level is (00'' above the ground level. d. ,loor finish of 20 ''. e. ,loor concrete of 100 ''. f. all thic9ness is 300''.
2. Sho foundation details for ste"s and all. ssu'e the folloing for ste"s: a. Tread is 300'' b. !CC for ste"s is 100'' thic9
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015
3. Dra section and "lan vie of an Isolated )CC colu'n slo"e footing for a 300'' /300 '' s7uare colu'n. ssu'e the fol loing: a. S7uare footing of 1(0c'/1(0c' b. )einforce'ent in both directions: 1% bars of 10'' dia each. c. Stirru"s: 4'' F1&0'' cAc d. Colu'n reinforce'ent: % bars of 1(0'' dia eac h e. !CC is 100'' thic9 f. *ase Slab is %00'' thic9
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015 .2 La) '*ercise 2: Co!)ined footing and +afts 1. Dra the "lan and section vies for c o'bined footing. ssu'e the folloing data for the footings: a. To s7uare colu'ns %00''/%00'' s"aced 300'' a"art cAc b. Colu'n reinforce'ent: 4 bars of 1( '' dia each c. Colu'n stirru"s: 4'' F1&0'' cAc d. *ase Slab: &00c'/200/(0c' e. To" 'ain reinforce'ent: 1(''F1&0'' cAc f. *otto' reinforce'ents: 1(''F200'' cAc in both direction 2. Dra the "lan and section vies for raf t foundation. ssu'e the folloing data: a. )aft Slab: 1200/(00/20c' b. ( S7uare colu'ns: %00/%00'' c. Three Cross bea's are s"aced &00 c' a"art d. To 'ain bea's are s"aced %00 c' a"art e. Cross bea's: 300 '' dee" f. ain bea's: %00'' dee"
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015 .3 La) '*ercise 3: Doors and ,indows 1. Dra the "lan and section vies of "anelled door and gla@ed indo shoing all the necessar$ details. See e/a'"le shoing different co'"onents of door and indos:
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015 .4 La) '*ercise 4: - all Dra to a suitable scale "lan8 section and elevation vie of a hall as shon in figure belo given the folloing data:
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015 .
La) e*ercise : 2 )edroo! residence
The s9etch shos the line "lan of G to bed roo' house ith ).C.C. roofH. The di'ensions noted therein indicate the cl ear di'ensions beteen the inside alls. Dra "lan8 section and elevation vie to a sui table scale
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015 ." La) e*ercise ": - S!all os%ital *elo is the "lan of G s'all hos"italH ;all di'ensions are in C< a nd the corres"onding schedule of doors and indos !rabhu et. al. 1555. The height of the hos"ital building is 300c'. D ra "lan8 section and elevation vie to a suitable scale. ssu'e an$ 'issing di'ensions.
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015
./ La) e*ercise /: - School 0uilding *elo is the "lan of G School *uildingH !rabhu et. al. 1555. Dra "lan8 section and elevation vie to a suitable scale. ssu'e an$ 'issing di'ensions.
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015 . La) '*ercise : #ntroduction to -utoC-D utoCD or uto'atic Co'"uter ided DesignADrafting tool is 'ost "o"ular softare fro' the utodes9 Co'"an$. utoCD can or9 through user fri endl$ buttons as ell as co''and line. hen $ou start a draing in utoCD8 it is i'"ortant that all basic la$out details are set u" in utoCD such as units8 u nits8 scale and e/tents. Bou should 9ee" $our units in 'etric and 9ee" a scale of 1 hile draing. ll the di'ensions can be auto'aticall$ scaled hen "rinting the final draing. *elo are list of so'e co''ands and "ro"erties in utoCD that $ou ill need to 9no to co'"lete the ne/t set of lab e/erc ises: 1. -ie setu" ;-Setu"< 2. oo' ;< 3. O"tions ;O"< %. Coordinate s$ste' ;absolute ;/8$< and relative ;F/8$<< &. #ine ;#< (. Erase ;E< +. Ortho ode ;O)TO< 4. Drafting Settings ;DS< 5. Offset ;O< 10. Tri' ;Tr< 11. E/tend ;E/< 12. Co"$ ;co< 13. ove ;'< 1%. irror ;i< 1&. )otate ;)o< 1(. rra$ ;r< 1+. Distance ;di< 14. E/"lode ;/< 15. !oint 20. atch ;h< 21. atch !ro"ert$ ;a< 22. Di'ension
. La) '*ercise : - all using -utoC-D ?sing utoCD8 dra to a suitable scale "lan8 section and elevation vie of a hall as shon in figure belo given the folloing data:
.1 La) '*ercise 1: - two )edroo! residence using -utoC-D The s9etch shos the line "lan of G to bed roo' house ith ).C.C. roofH. The di'ensions noted therein indicate the cl ear di'ensions beteen the inside alls. Dra "lan8 section and elevation vie to a sui table scale using utoCD given the folloing: 15
Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015 Foundation: ,oundation shall be of C.C. 1:%:4 'i/8 1000 ide and 300 thic9 laid at 1100 belo J.#. for all 'ain alls and verandah retaining all. It consists of to footings of si@e +00 K %00 and &00 K %00 in C.. 1:(. !asement: The base'ent ill be in bric9 or9 in C.. 1:&8 300 '' ide and (00 thic9 above J.#. Da'" !roof course in C. . 1:38 20 thic9 ill be "rovided for all alls. Super Structure: ll 'ain alls ill be in bric9 or9 in C.. 1:&8 200 '' thic9. The inner "artition alls in toilet ill be 100 '' thic9. The height of all the alls ill be 3000 '' above floor level. "oofing: The roofing ill be ).C.C. 1:2:% 'i/8 120 '' thic9 flat slab. -erandah slab ill be of ).C.C. 1:2:% 'i/8 100 thic9 at a height of 2(00 '' fro' verandah floor level.
Lintels: ).C.C. lintel 120 thic9 over all the o"enings shall be "rovided. Suitable sunshades for all e/ternal o"enings shall be "rovided. Flooring: The flooring ill be in C.C. 1:%:48 120 '' thic9 "lastered s'ooth ith C.. 1:38 20 '' thic9 for all the "ortions.
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Building Design and Drawing Lab Manual 2015 ' !%(%!%)C%* 1. !rabhu *alago"al T.S.8 -incent !aul L. and -ija$an C. Building Design of Civil Engg. Drawing8 S"ades !ublishers8 Calicut. ;1555<
2. Shah and Lale8 Principle of Building Drawing 8 Tata cJra ill !ublishing Co.8 6e Delhi ;154&<8
