Conquest and Penetration: Birth of the Mestizo •
Historical Background o Bombing of USS Maine on Havana Harbor (February 15, 188! "#eodore $oosevelt, Usec of %avy, blamed it on &dirty treac#ery of S'aniards )art of triumvirate *#o mani'ulated )res+ Mcinley to declare *ar on S'ain "o assist -uban rebels *in inde'endence o o -rus# ne*ly born )#ili''ine $e'ublic $eal cause. s'ontaneous fire in coal bunker ne/t to maga0ine reserve Based on researc# team of $ear dmiral Hyman $ickover nd 2 "riumvirate Member. -a'tain lfred "#ayer )ublis#ed Influence of Sea on Power History %ational security and international su'remacy de'end on 'o*erful navy rd 3 "riumvirate Member. Henry -abot 4odge anted to see merica reali0e its manifest destiny as *orld 'o*er )ublis#ers *#o aid t#e triumvirate. $andol'# Hearst and 6ose'# )ulit0er o 7ueen Maria -ristina of S'ain soug#t conciliation kno*ing t#at merica *ill defeat t#em mericans *ant *ar. &$emember &$emember t#e Maine "o "o #ell *it# S'ain S'ain o ar broke out in 'ril 188 dmiral 9eorge 9eorge :e*ey s#o* flag in t#e neig#bor#ood of t#e )#ili''ines 'ril 1, US -ongress 'assed resolution resolution declaring *ar *ar on S'ain Mcinley instructed to #ead to )#ili''ines. -a'ture or :estroy :e*ey defeated t#e S'anis# fleet after a 2;#our battle Mcinley can "old "old negotiators in )aris #is *ant to anne/ t#e *#ole )#ili''ines o "reaty of )aris on :ecember 1?, 188 9ranting inde'endence to -uba Making )#ili''ines, )uerto $ico, 9uam merican 'ossessions 4egitimi0es merican merican occu'ation of t#e )#ili''ines Marriage contract bet*een civil la* and common la* system = union of convenience )#ili''ines became an unincor'orated territory of t#e US o Military 9overnment First Military 9overnor. Ma@or 9eneral esley Meritt )#ili''ine merican merican ar in February 18 9overnance of )#ili''ines transferred from State to ar de'artment Headed by Ali#u $oot = @ustified e/'ansionist of t#e US :rafted t#e )#ili''ine -ommission ("aft -ommission! o "aft "aft -ommission = )#ili''ine Su'reme -ourt $ulings (case of 1?2! %ot all t#e rig#t listed in US constitution follo*ed t#e flag in t#e )#ili''ines o %o rig#t to bear arms = for 'ur'oses of 'acifying freedom fig#ters %o rig#t to trial by @ury = looked do*n on Fili'inos as savages o "aft "aft -ommission = looked to t#e ilustrados as key to 'olicy of attraction Formed )artido Federalista = foundations of eventual state#ood S'ooner mendment (Senator 6o#n S'ooner! Anact la*s to govern )#ili''ines Military 9overnment ended and -ivil 9overnment *as instituted
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Head of 2nd )#ili''ine -ommission. illiam Ho*ard "aft -onstitutionalism and -ommon 4a* -omes to t#e )#ili''ines o Mcinley nstruction to im'ose rule %o 'erson s#all be de'rived of life, liberty or 'ro'erty *it#out due 'rocess of la* US S- #ad @urisdiction overall @udgments of )#il SCn Crganic 4a*s of t#e )#ili''ines ny statute, treaty, treaty, title, or 'rivilege 'rivilege of t#e US ''eal from @udgment @udgment of )#il SS- *it# t#at of as#ington as#ington -ourt )rotection of t#e -onstitution could not automatically e/tend to colonies )#ili''ines *as 'laced outside US constitution *it# res'ect to ta/ nterests on sectoral business 'artici'ation and trade e/'ansion -ase of t#e 1D :iamond $ings US agricultural 'roducts *ere 'rotected from )#ili''ine com'etition o o US congress ad@usted tariff la*s in t#e )#ili''ines llo*s 'referential 'referential entry of merican goods goods o Hig# tariffs for )#ili''ine 'roducts entering t#e US (25E! US 'roducts entered duty;free in t#e )#ili''ines o nsular -ases -#inese e/clusion la*s in t#e )#ili''ines o o :eny US citi0ens#i' to Fili'inos even if t#ey s*ear allegiance to US -ivil and 'olitical rig#ts *as e/'anded Crganic ct of 1?2 ; ll in#abitants of )#ili''ines are citi0ens of )#ili''ines 6udiciary, 6udiciary, 'art of colonial government, carry out colonial 'olicy of mericans merican 6uris'rudence 6uris'rudence e/tended to )#ili''ines )#ili''ines (stare decisis! decisis! Ma@ority of )#ili''ine S- *ere mericans mericans = ualification of loyalty to US Fili'inos #ave o*n notion of la* of t#e land or due 'rocess o )rovision on t#e Malolos -onstitution -onstitutionalism -onstitutionalism *as incongruous *it# economic underdevelo'ment nd o 2 )#ili''ine commission in 1?? Setting u' ne* government created in merican mage -ommission *it# e/ecutive and legislative function nflu/ of borro*ed la*s and common la* doctrines 4ack of la*s stimulated creation of la*s 6udiciary is an merican dominated S- at its a'e/ Use merican @uris'rudence @uris'rudence as 'recedents due to borro*ed la*s S- stam'ed its im'rimatur on t#is 'ractice US 'rovisions e/tended to )#ili''ines nter'reted *#en US congress made t#em a''licable to )#ili''ines o -onstitutional 4a*. Hegemony of )olice )o*er o )#ili''ine S- used common la* conce'ts to assert colonial aut#ority o Subordinated 'ro'erty rig#ts to 'olice 'o*er o ffirmed ffirmed su'remacy of 'olice 'o*er *#ere 'ro'erty 'ro'erty is invested *it# *it# social function function State can regulate 'rivate business $estrain t#e use of 'ro'erty in@urious to t#e rig#ts of t#e 'ublic )olice 'o*er rests u'on necessity and t#e rig#t to self;'rotection o :e Gillata vs+ Stanley (s#i''ing case! = made numerous reversal of its 'revious decision S- veered a*ay from establis#ed doctrines and began 'rocess of @udicial legislation scendancy of Substantive Substantive :ue )rocess in in -onstitutional -onstitutional 4a* Aconomic 'olicies began to influence @udicial t#oug#t o )residents Harding and -oolidge made laisse0 faire a 'lan for dynamic action 4ess government in business and more business in government (Harding! •
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Harding did not s'are )#ili''ines government o*ned develo'ment marketing cor'+ o 9overnor 9eneral ood = kee' government out of business to encourage 'rivate enter'rise $eversed 'olicy made by 'redecessors Sold to 'rivate firms almost all government cor'orations C''osed )#ili''ine inde'endence on grounds t#at it did not #ave stable government :efined stable government as. o abundant 'ublic and 'rivate funds readily seek investment at moderate rates of interest o )artial to merican merican Business = did not collect ta/es collected to Fili'ino counter'arts 6udiciary became model of 'rotecting 'ro'erty interest against Fili'ino legislature assaults o ll;Fili'ino ll;Fili'ino @udiciary mig#t mig#t 'ass la*s destructive destructive of 'ro'erty rig#ts Crganic ct 122 and AC concerning fi/ing of rice 'rice *as c#allenged in courts $ice is im'orted from Saigon Hording #a''ened to t#e sacks of rice raising t#eir 'rices 9overnment soug#t to regulate 'rice of rice :eclared t#e above unconstitutional because it deals *it# 'rivate 'ro'erty rig#ts do'ted t#e doctrine doctrine of liberty of contract "#e la* on rice 'rice restriction is a de'rivation of liberty to contract do'ted dkins dkins case *#ere *ages *ages are at t#e #eart #eart of contracts "#e constitutional doctrine of US *ere a''lied indiscriminately )#ili''ines still #as an underdevelo'ed economy 4egislature seek to 'revent ta/ evasion among -#inese Businessmen (u -ong Ang -ase! o -ase *#en account books *as *ritten in -#inese -ourt ruled t#at to 'ro#ibit *riting in -#inese is o''ressive and arbitrary -ourt ruled t#at *it#out books of account, t#ey *ill fall 'rey to fraud 4iberty of action is im'aired and 'reservation of 'ro'erty is violated )rocedural 4a*. From nuisitorial to dversarial o -rossbreeding of la*s started u'on merican
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)rovisions Mcinley
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"ort "ort of 'ro/imate cause, negligence and contributory negligence %egligence, last clear c#ance, vicarious liability, sovereign immunity, moral damages 4oss of 'rofits, s'eculative 'rofits, mitigation of damages o S- #eld t#at t#e consideration of merican la* and causa (essential reason of a contract! of civil la*, alt#oug# different in t#eory, #ave euivalent effects in @uris'rudence o 15? civil code #as ado'ted t#e rule on disc#arge by breac# in contracts es'ecially in sales of goods as )#ili''ines borro*ed from t#e 'rovisions of t#e Uniform Sales ct of t#e US A/am'les of #ybridi0ation. mi/ing of 'ater familias in $oman la* *it# t#e common la* o conce't of t#e reasonable manJ mi/ing of t#e conce'ts of surety and guaranty -ommercial 4a* o l*ays res#a'ed by t#e ideology of t#e dominant economy :evelo'ment of mercantile la* (nature of S'anis# code o f -ommerce! "#e )#ili''ine -ommission%ational -ommission%ational ssembly borro*ed *#olesale merican 4a*s on cor'orations, negotiable instruments, securities, insurance, banking etc+ o "#e @udiciary #ad to rely o n mericanAnglis# mericanAnglis# aut#orities in inter'reting and a''lying t#e la*s )#ili''ine common common la* *as evolved evolved based on nglo nglo merican merican @uris'rudence @uris'rudence o A/ce't *#ere t#ere is conflict *it# local customs and institutions
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