centrifugal pump

APPROVAL Title

: Operation and Maintenance of of Centrifugal Pump

By

: Gilang Aditya

Name of Training

: Operator and Technician Training Program Batch 4 (Mechanical) TOTA !"P #N$ON!%#!&

 Thi' Paper ha' een approed in Cepu * +uly ,-./

 Approed y :

 Adi'or*

!ngli'h Corrector* Corrector*

(Totok Widiyanto Widiyant o M.T. M.T. ) N#P .012-4,-.004-3.--.

(Luita Yusniawati Yusniawati D, S.Pd.) N#P .03-1./,---.,-.0

Cour'e eader*

(Rinto Parnaedy A.Md) N#P .02/-1.,--1-4.-. .02/-1.,--1-4.-.

AC!OWL"D#M"!T  All prai'e and gratitude for the pre'ence of GO$ Almighty 5ho ha' ha' gie gien n of gift gift' ' and and le' le''i 'ing ng'* '* 'o that that Pape Paperr entit entitle led d 6Cen 6Centr trif ifug ugal al Compre''or %y'tem6 can e fini'hed& Compo'ing thi' paper i' one part of  a 5hole 'erie' of actiitie' held y Total Total ! " P #ndone'ie on education and training program' Operator and Technician Technician Training Program Batch 4 held in P7%$#8AT C!P7 5hich too9 place on +anuary .,* ,-./ until +uly .4* ,-./&On thi' occa'ion* # 5ould li9e to than9 : .& ,& 3& 4& /& 1& 2& &

The Manage Management ment of of To Total ! " P #ndone'ie& #ndone'ie& The Manag Managemen ementt of adian adiantt 7tama 7tama #nterin'c #nterin'co* o* T9& T9& The Managemen Managementt P7%$#8A P7%$#8AT T Cepu& Cepu& The Cour'e Cour'e leader leader into into Parnaedy Parnaedy A&Md& A&Md& The Adi'er Adi'er** To Toto9 ;idiya ;idiyanto& nto& The !ngli' !ngli'h h Corrector Corrector** uita uita yu'nia5 yu'nia5ati ati $* %&Pd& %&Pd& All ecturer' ecturer' and and !mployee' !mployee' P7%$#8A P7%$#8AT T Cepu Cepu Oil and and Ga'& The father* father* mother mother** 'i'ter 'i'ter and my ig ig family 5ho 5ho hae gien gien prayer'* prayer'* motiation and 'pirit for me& 0& All OTP 4 friend' friend' 5ho al5ay al5ay' ' gie' 'pirit and and togethern togetherne''& e''& Gien the limited time and the limitation of my 9no5ledge* all the critic critici'm i'm and and 'ugge' 'ugge'tio tion' n' for impro improeme ement nt indii indiidua duall paper paper i' highly highly e
Gilang Aditya

A$STRACT #n petr petrol oleu eum m indu indu't 'try ry** the the pump pump ha' ha' an impo import rtan antt func functi tion on in 'upporting oil production& The e
moing can e handled y pump& Centrifugal i' one 9ind off non>po'itie di'placement pump'* 5hich u'e' impeller to moe li?uid and add the energy into li?uid flo5 in pipeline'& #n the operatio operation n of centrif centrifuga ugall pump*5 pump*5e e can arrange arrange in 'erie' 'erie' or  parallel& The 'erie' operation i' u'ed to get high pre''ure (head)* and parallel 'erie' to get to get high capacity& ight 'tep of the operation 5ill preent the e?uipment from damage& The a'ic centrifugal maintenance li9e preentie* predictie* correctie and rea9do5 rea9do5n n maintenan maintenance' ce' and the troule'ho troule'hooting oting in centrifuga centrifugall i' al'o needed to 9eep e?uipment operate' in optimum performance&

TA$L" O% CO!T"!TS

APPROVAL&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&i AC!OWL"D#M"!T&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&ii A$STRACT&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&iii TA$L" O% CO!T"!TS&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&i L&ST O% %&#'R"S&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&i CAPT"R &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. &!TROD'CT&O!&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. #&. Bac9ground&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. #&, O@ectie'&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&, #&3 %cope of $i'cu''ion&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&, #&4 ;riting %y'tem&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &, CAPT"R &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&3 $AS&C T"ORY&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&3 ##&. $efinition of Pump&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&3 ##&, Cla''ification of Pump&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&3 ##&3 Ba'ic Principle of Centrifugal Pump&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&4 ##&4 Type of Centrifugal Pump&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&/ ##&/ Component' Centrifugal Pump&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1 ##&/&. %tationery Component&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&2 ##&/&, otary Component&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.##&1 %y'tem in Centrigugal Pump&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&.3 ##&1&. urication %y'tem&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&.3 ##&1&, Cooling %y'tem&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& .3 ##&1&3 %ealing 'y'tem&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&.4 ##&2 Adantage' and $i'adantage' of Centrifugal Pump&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.4 ##&2&. Adantage' of Centrifugal Pump&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& .4 ##&2&, $i'adantage' of Centrifugal Pump&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.4 ##& %afety $eice&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ./ CAPT"R &&& OP"RAT&O! A!D MA&!T"!A!C" O% C"!TR&%'#AL P'MP&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.1

###&. Operation&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.1 ###&.&. Pre>'tart Chec9&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.1 ###&.&, %tart up Procedure&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.2 ###&.&3 Operation Condition chec9'&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&.2 ###&.&4 %top Procedure&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. ###&.&/ Priming Centrifugal Pump&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&. ###&, Maintenance&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.0 ###&,&. Preentie Maintenance&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ,###&,&, Predictie Maintenance&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&,, ###&,&3 Correctie Maintenance&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ,3 ###&,&4 Brea9do5n Maintenance&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ,3 CAPT"R &V CO!CL'S&O!&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&,4 R"%"R"!C"S&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&,/

L&ST O% %&#'R"S igure . Po'itie $i'placement Pump&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&3

igure , Non Po'itie $i'placement Pump&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&4 igure 3 Centrifugal Pump&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&/ igure 4 Pump Animation&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&/ igure / Pump Animation&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1 igure 1 Pump in The ield&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&2 igure 2 Ca'ing&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& igure  $iffu'er&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& igure 0 %tuffing Bo<&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&0 igure .- ;earing ing&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&0 igure .. Type' of #mpeller&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.. igure ., %haft %leee&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&., igure .3 Ball and 'leee Bearing&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.,

CAPT"R & &!TROD'CT&O!

&. $a*k+round Pump' are e?uipment that i' 5idely u'ed in oil and ga' company* to 'upport a proce'' and to tran'fer a li?uid through the pipeline& There are many 9ind' of pump' type' aailale& A centrifugal pump i' the mo't common u'ed than other& %eeral rea'on' of a centrifugal pump to ecome mo'tly u'ed in oil and ga' company are: a& Centrifugal pump relatiely ha' a 'imple con'truction ecau'e it ha' le'' moing part'& & 7niformity of motion 5hich i' continuou' 5ith little or no periodic c& d& e& f&

ariation in the rate of flo5 and pre''ure& Great reliaility of operation and ea'y to maintain& %mall 'ie (due to their high 'peed)* 5hich mean re?uire le'' room& %elf luricating of the ruing element' in'ide the pump y the li?uid& o5 ine'tment and maintenance co't for high capacity pumping&

$uring the operation of centrifugal pump* it i' important to maintain reliaility of pump in order to get the optimum operation re'ult& %o* the pump maintenance 'trategy mu't plan not only for 9eeping the e?uipment in optimum reliaility ut al'o getting the effectie and efficient 5ay for maintenance& Good maintenance 5ill increa'e life time of e?uipment and preent it from rea9do5n&

&. O-e*ti/es The o@ectie' of thi' paper are : a&To de'crie the 5or9ing principle of centrifugal pump& &To 9no5 the a'ic operation of centrifugal pump& c&To 9no5 the maintenance of centrifugal pump& &.0

S*o1e o2 Dis*ussion

Thi' paper i' focu'ed on a'ic principle* pump 'y'tem * general operation* and maintenance of centrifugal pump& &.3

Writin+ Syste4

The 5riting 'y'tem of thi' paper i' : a& Chapter # #ntroduction Thi' chapter e
Thi' Chapter e
CAPT"R && $AS&C T"ORY

&&.

De2inition o2 Pu41 Pump i' a rotating machine that i' u'ed to moe li?uid from one place to another place through a media of pipe (pipe line) y increa'ing energy in'ide the li?uid that i' moed continuou'ly& Centrifugal pump i' a 9ind of pump 5hich 5or9' y changing the 9inetic energy (elocity) of the li?uid into potential energy (pre''ure) y the ca'ing 'hape (olute) or diffu'er&

&&.

C5assi2i*ation o2 Pu41

%i+ure  Positi/e Dis15a*e4ent Pu41

%i+ure  !on Positi/e Dis15a*e4ent Pu41

&&.0

$asi* Prin*i15e o2 Centri2u+a5 Pu41

Centrifugal pump i' one type of pump that increa'e' the energy of li?uid y conerting the 9inetic energy to the pre''ure energy & #n centrifugal pump* the energy re'ult' from rotation of  impeller*energy from the prime moer i' u'ed y the 'haft to rotate the impeller* the rotation of impeller cau'e' the centrifugal force& The centrifugal force ma9e' the li?uid coming from the eye of  impeller 5hich i' 'ited in the caity et5een the ane rotate then thro5' out y the centrifugal force into the radial direction& #n the impeller *the elocity of li?uid increa'e'&The li?uid thro5' out into the olute ca'ing* a' the li?uid enter' the olute* the elocity decrea'e' then it i' conerted into pre''ure energy& The #mpeller increa'e' the elocity of the li?uid then it i' conerted y the olute ca'ing into the pre''ure energy *it mean' that the differential pre''ure deeloped acro'' the Centrifugal pump

i' the re'ult of conerting the 9inetic energy into the pre''ure energy not y the changing the olume&

%i+ure 0 Centri2u+a5 Pu41

&&.3

Ty1e o2 Centri2u+a5 Pu41

Centrifugal pump can e cla''ified a'ed on : a& Ba'ed on flo5  A
• •

• •

• •

e& Ba'ed orientation of ca'e>'plit  A
f&

Ba'ed on earing 'upport

%i+ure 3 Pu41 Ani4ation

• •

&&.6

Oerhung

Bet5een Bearing

Co41onents o2 Centri2u+a5 Pu41  A centrifugal pump ha' t5o main component' :

a. A 'tationary component ('tatic part) & A rotating component (dynamic part) The general component'* oth 'tationary and rotary* are depicted in igure / Pump Animation& The main component' are di'cu''ed in rief  elo5& igure 1 Pump in the field 'ho5' the'e part' on a photograph of a pump in the field&

%i+ure 6 Pu41 Ani4ation

%i+ure 7 Pu41 in T8e %ie5d

&&.6. Stationary Co41onents %tationery Component at centrifugal pump con'i't' of : a& Ba'e plate and frame The function of a'e plate and frame i' to 'upport pump& or pump that direct' coupled 5ith prime moer * the pump and prime moer 'ited in one a'e plate or frame & Ca'ing Ca'ing ha' many function' a' follo5': • • •

Protecting all rotating part Mounting of guide ane and diffu'er*inlet and outlet nole =aing place that gie' the direction of flo5 of the impeller and conert the fluid elocity energy into dynamic energy ('ingle 'tage)&

%i+ure 9 Casin+

c& $iffu'er $iffu'er i' u'ed for regulate flo5 of li?uid to olute 'pace (for 'ingle 'tage) *or to ne
%i+ure : Di22user 

d& %tuffing Bo< %tuffing Bo< 'ere' to preent lea9' in the area 5here the 'haft penetrate' the pump ca'ing&

%i+ure ; Stu22in+ $o<

e& ;earing ing ;earing ring i' mounted in ca'ing and impeller& The main function i' to decrea'e the lea9age of li?uid through the front and ehind impeller&#t 5or9' y decrea'ing the clearance et5een ca'ing and impeller&Thi' ring i' relatiely economically ecau'e it could replaced 5ith the ne5 one or  repaired 5hen it i' ro9en&

%i+ure = Wearin+ Rin+

The type' and con'truction of 5earing ring depend on .) Type of li?uid handled& ,) $ifference pre''ure that pa''e' through the clearance et5een ring'& 3) Critical elocity&

&&.6. Rotary Co41onent otary component at centrifugal pump con'i't' of : a& #mpeller  #mpeller i' the main component' of centrifugal pump& #t proide' an e
rom the impeller hu* the ane' radial e
%i+ure  Ty1es o2 &41e55er 

& %haft %haft ha' 'eeral function' *'uch a': .) To for5ard tor?ue of the prime moer for the pump operate'& ,) To continue po5er of the motor& 3) To e mounting all rotating component'

c& %haft %leee The function' of 'haft 'leee*there are: .) To protect the 'haft from ero'ion * corro'ion*5ear and tear on the 'tuffing o<& ,) To e preent lea9age * internal earing and inter'tage or di'tance 'leee&

%i+ure  S8a2t S5ee/e

d& Bearing The function' of the earing of a centrifugal pump are: .) To 'upport the 'haft carrying one more impeller'& ,) To allo5 the 'haft to rotate 5ith a minimum of friction& 3) To 9eep the rotating 'haft and impeller in correct po'ition 5ithin the 'tationary part' of the pump&Pump earing' can e diided into t5o a'ic type': %leee and 'hell earing'* and all and roller earing'&

%i+ure 0 $a55 and s5ee/e $earin+

&&.7

Syste4 in Centri+u+a5 Pu41

&&.7. Lu-ri*ation Syste4

 Any rotating mechanical component need a lurication * (all earing* roller earing*&&&)* #t re?uire' appropriate lurication in order to 5or9 properly& Other5i'e* oerheating* e
&&.7. Coo5in+ Syste4 #f the pumped product i' 5arm* it may e nece''ary to: • • • •

Cool the pac9ing ody& Cool the earing hou'ing& Cool the a'e & Cool the 'ealing li?uid&

&&.7.0 Sea5in+ syste4  A pumpF' function i' to rai'e the pre''ure of a li?uid& The pre''uri'ed li?uid contained in the pump may lea9 to the

atmo'phere

along

the

'haft& Thi' lea9 5ill e

eliminated or reduced u'ing 'tatic 'eal or dynamic 'eal& Type' of 'ealing are commonly u'ed in centrifugal pump are : • •

&&.9

%tatic 'eal $ynamic

: O>ing and Ga'9et : Mechanical Pac9ing and Mechanical %eal

Ad/anta+es and Disad/anta+es o2 Centri2u+a5 Pu41

&&.9. Ad/anta+es o2 Centri2u+a5 Pu41    

 

#t' flo5 i' continuou'ly& They donFt re?uire any ale'& uiet operation'& They hae relatiely 'mall 'pace and 5eight re?uirement' in relation to throughput& o5 ine'tment and maintenance co't for high capacity pumping& %tale and high flo5rate&

&&.9. Disad/anta+es o2 Centri2u+a5 Pu41.   

=igh i'cou' li?uid' are not handled 5ell& They are not 'elf priming& CanFt produce high pre''ure&&

&&.: Sa2ety De/i*e %afety deice in centrifugal pump aim' for gie indicator a condition of  pump and 9eep a pump running in optimum condition&The follo5ing 'afety deice are generally u'ed 5ith pump'* and more 'pecifically 5ith centrifugal pump': a& A lo5>pre''ure 'uction tran'mitter (protection again't caitation)* & A high>pre''ure outlet tran'mitter*

c& A temperature 'en'or on the pump ody if  nece''ary* d& A temperature 'en'or on the earing'* e& A iration 'en'or* f& ea9 protection on the pac9ing&

CAPT"R &&& OP"RAT&O! A!D MA&!T"!A!C" O% C"!TR&%'#AL P'MP

&&&. O1eration  All proi'ion to operate the 'hould pump follo5 the in'truction from pump the manufacturer or from the %OP (%tandard operating Procedure) 5hich i' made a'ed on the condition of operation& #ncorrect operation of centrifugal pump could re'ult pump damage do5ntime and aoidale repair 5or9& There are 'eeral 'tep' in procedure to operate the centrifugal pump: a& & c& d&

Pre>chec9ed efore operation %tart up procedure Operation condition chec9' %top Procedure

&&&.. Pre>start C8e*k #t i' nece''ary to chec9 the pump efore 'tarting the pump* there are 'eeral procedure' to pre>chec9 efore the operation: a& Chec9 'uction line and re'eroir : There 5ill e a prolem 5hen re'eroir and 'uction line are clogged& %pecial attention i' nece''ary to the pump that u'e' mechanical 'eal& & Chec9 electrical in'tallation: chec9 the electrical line'* circuit rea9er  and cale connection& c& Chec9 the alignment: alignment of pump 'haft and the prime moer  'haft 'hould e chec9ed to aoid iration' and 'haft deflection& d& Chec9 the luricating oil: ma9e 'ure that the luricating oil and grea'e are enough in ?uantity and good condition'& e& %haft rotation chec9: the 'haft can e rotated y hand and the rotation i' 'mooth f& Chec9 the direction of rotation: ma9e 'ure the direction of the pump rotation i' the 'ame a' the direction of prime moer rotation& g& $i'charge ale handling: in centrifugal pump the di'charge ale 'hould e clo'ed efore the 'tart up&

h& Priming: the centrifugal pump 'hould e primed efore 'tarting the pump* it i' done y filling the 'uction line until full i&

5ith li?uid and no air trapped& Chec9 the au
&&&.. Start u1 Pro*edure There are 'eeral general 'tep' to 'tart up centrifugal pump: a& Open the 'uction ale 'lo5ly until it i' fully open& & %tart the prime moer* if it i' included ariale 'peed drie* 'tart 5ith c& d& e& f&

lo5 'peed then increa'e 'lo5ly until it reache' the normal 'peed& ;ait for a 5hile until it reache' normal pre''ure& Open the di'charge ale 'lo5ly until normal condition operation& Chec9 the critical part& #f there i' an anormal condition li9e 'ound or iration* 'top the prime moer then chec9 again for troule'hooting&

&&&..0 O1eration Condition C8e*ks a& Chec9 the ariale operation li9e pre''ure* temperature* flo5 rate and prime moer rpm& & Manometer and amperemeter o'eration: the 'uction and the di'charge pre''ure 'hould e the 'ame a' calculated pre''ure efore and could not e fluctuated& The ampere con'umed y the pump 'hould e under or le'' than ampere 'pecification at motor name plate&#f the ampere i' fluctuated* it mean' any prolem' occur at the pump& c& iration and noi'e chec9: ma9e 'ure there i' no oer iration from the pump* u'e irometer for accurate iration mea'urement& ;hen noi'e and oer iration appear* it mean' 'ome component' are in troule& d& Chec9 the cooler and the cooling 'y'tem& e& Chec9 luricant and luricating 'y'tem&

f& ea9age chec9: normal condition happen' if there i' no lea9age detected y na9ed eye' ie5&

&&&..3 Sto1 Pro*edure a& ully clo'ed the di'charge ale& & %top the prime moer* if it u'e' ariale 'peed control* decrea'e the 'peed until it 'top& c& ully clo'ed the 'uction ale&

&&&..6 Pri4in+ Centri2u+a5 Pu41 7nli9e the di'placement pump* centrifugal pump cannot 'tart and prime it 'elf& %o efore operating the centrifugal pump* it need' to e primed&

;hen a pump i' fir't put into 'erice* it' pa''age5ay' are filled 5ith air& #f the 'uction 'upply i' aoe atmo'pheric pre''ure* thi' air 5ill e trapped in the pump and compre''ed 5hen the 'uction ale i' opened&The purpo'e of priming i' accompli'hed y enting the entrapped air out of the pump through a ale proided&

&&&. Maintenan*e Maintenance i' the act of the maintaining or the 'tate of eing maintained and to 9eep 'omething in proper condition& #t i' ery important to preent 'eriou' damage from the operation of pump* a good maintenance could

detect anormal condition early to aoid further damage& The purpo'e' of maintenance are : a. & *. d& e.

Optimum operating condition Preent 'eere damage 'uddenly Ma
The 9ind' of maintenance of centrifugal pump are a. Preentie maintenance -. Predictie maintenance *. Correctie maintenance d. Brea9 do5n maintenance

&&&.. Pre/enti/e Maintenan*e

Preentie maintenance ta'9' are intended to preent un'cheduled do5ntime and premature e?uipment damage that 5ill re'ult in correctie or repair actiitie'& Preentie maintenance i' managed a'ed on time& #t i'

u'ually called time

a'ed

maintenance&

Generally*

preentie

maintenance of centrifugal pump con'i't' of:

a& $aily in'pection There are 'eeral actiitie' of daily in'pection for centrifugal pump: .) Chec9 temperature of 'tuffing o< and pump ca'ing that i' 'till permitted i' not more than 3-oC pumped li?uid temperature& ,) %uction pre''ure and di'charge pre''ure (indication at manometer  'hould e read)* The di'charge pre''ure and the 'uction pre''ure mu't e appropriate or approach the fi
fluctuated anormally& #f there i' a 'trange material clogged the pump* there i' air inding or caitation* the pre''ure 5ill drop or e fluctuated anormally& 3) Chec9 lea9age from pac9ing (i'ual in'pection) 4) The lea9age from 'tuffing o< mu't drop the li?uid 5ho'e the amount i' not more than -&/ cm3H' (ut if mechanical 'eal i' u'ed* it i' foridden to lea9age) /) !lectrical current (indication at ampere meter)& The electrical current that i' u'ed mu't e lo5er than nominal alue at name plate& 2) Chec9 oil lurication leel at the 'tuffing o< and rotation of oil ring& ) The luricating oil 'hould e chec9ed and the oil ring mu't e ale to rotate normally& 0) Chec9 and tighten olt and nut and other @oint connected 5ith pump&

& Monthly in'pection& .) Chec9 the earing temperature and chec9 the temperature that i' re?uired* if any troule occur'* chec9 them immediately& ,) Chec9 the alignment et5een the pump 'haft and the motor 'haft& c& 3 Monthly in'pection .) Oil change in the 'tuffing o<* earing'& ,) Grea'e in'pection ('hould e changed if 5or'en) 3) Chec9 and maintain 5earing ring impeller tolerance 5ith 5earing ring ca'ing&

d& 1 Monthly in'pection .) Chec9 pac9ing and 'haft 'leee* if there i' a 'cratch ecau'e of  5earing out* pac9ing and 'haft 'leee 'hould e changed& ,) Chec9 condition et5een pump 'haft and prime moer 'haft& #f the alignment 'ho5' deiation out of 'pecification* it 'hould e realigned& e& Annually in'pection .) Chec9 the corro'ion of the pump part that moe' or rotate'* e'pecially the clearance at the 5earing ring& ,) Chec9 the corro'ion in'ide of the pump ca'ing*if needed* chec9 thic9ne'' for the preention& 4) Chec9 alignment of the pump 'haft 5hen the pump ha' een di'a''emled& /) Chec9 i'olation of the motor  f&Oerhaul or oerhaul* it i' needed to open up the pump* chec9 the pump part* repair or e
#t i' done in multiple location' in the 'y'tem to indicate that a failure ha' already 'tarted& & =eat thermal chec9 #t i' u'ually chec9ed in the 'eal chamer and earing 5ear and earing ca'e& c& Noi'e in'pection #t i' to indicate caitation* ad earing or 'ome anormal condition& d&flo5 #t 'uppo'e' chec9 the 'tatu' of 5earing ring e& ea9age and fugitie emi''ion' #t i' done to chec9 the 'eal performance in oth the 'tufing o< and earing ca'e location& f& Po5er con'umption #t i' done to chec9 the efficiency of pump& &&&..0 Corre*ti/e Maintenan*e Correctie maintenance i' improement aout e?uipment condition The improement i' done for modification& #t i' mo'tly important in order to get the etter maintenance a'ed on e
@u't

efore

the

e?uipment

come'

to

a

complete

'top&Brea9do5n condition i' the ma
to

production

and

efficiency

demand*

the

rea9do5n

maintenance i' not longer cho'en& Time frame of production proce'' that cau'e' unaailale deice 5ill ma9e product ?uality decrea'ing&

CAPT"R &V CO!CL'S&O! Centrifugal pump i' one of the e?uipment that i' u'ually u'ed in oil and ga' company& #t' purpo'e i' to moe the li?uid from one place to other  place& The principal 5or9 of centrifugal pump i' to conert energy of a prime moer (a electric motor or turine) fir't into elocity or 9inetic energy and then into pre''ure energy of a fluid that i' eing pumped& The energy change' occur y irtue of t5o main part' of the pump& They are the impeller and the olute or diffu'er& The impeller i' the rotating part that conert' fluid energy into the 9inetic energy& The olute or diffu'er i' the 'tationary part that conert' the 9inetic energy into pre''ure energy& To operate centrifugal pump e'ide' 5e mu't follo5 the %OP ('tandard Operating Procedure)* 5e mu't prepare pump condition and chec9 'y'tem of pump (lurication* cooling* iration* etc)& There are t5o 9ind' of operation 'y'tem' in centrifugal pump& ir't i' 'erie' operation to gain more head (pre''ure) and the 'econd i' parallel operation to gain more capacity (deit)&

To maintain condition of centrifugal pump at optimum performance* a good maintenance i' needed& There are 'eeral 9ind' of maintenance that are u'ually u'ed in centrifugal pump& They are preentie maintenance* predictie maintenance correctie maintenance* and rea9do5n maintenance& The purpo'e' of maintenance are : a& Optimum operating condition & Ma
R"%"R"!C"S %and@o@o& Ba'ic Mechanical Operation Maintenance And Troule'hooting =ando9o*%u'ilo&Pump' : Pu'di9lat Miga' Cepu  Ad@ie* #lham $5ipraptomo& Operation* Maintenance And Troule'hooting of Centrifugal Pump& Cepu:Pu'di9lat Miga' P7MP&e

pr>e?-2->en Total !"P #ndone'ia P7MP MA#NT&e

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