Chapter 12 (Free Surface Effect)

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ Adcptgr ‑ 3? Nrgg Qurncag Gnngat Gxgraesg -38

Cfswgr 3

Ievgf03. Jesplcagkgft (Y) ; 7888t ?. _J bn jegsgl bel ; 8.44 : 1. Kbkgfts bn efgrtec ; ?:?k NQA

; e * _J bn JB Y

NQA

; ?:? * 8.44 7888

NQA

; 8.8:1k

NQA bn tdg sdep es 8.8:1k

Cfswgr ?

Ievgf03. Y ; 7888t ?. _J bn QY ; 3.8?7 : 1. Kbkgfts bn efgrtec (e) ; ?:?k NQA

; e * _J bn QY Y

NQA

; ?:? * 3.8?7 7888

NQA

; 8.878k

NQA bn tdg sdep es 8.878k

Xcig 3 bn ?7

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ Cfswgr 1

Ievgf03. ?. 1. :.

Y ; >888t MK ; 9.:k MI ; >.>k : e ; 3?88k

_J bn NY ; 3.888

NQA

; e * _J bn NY Y

NQA

; 3?88 * 3.888 >888

NQA

; 8.?k

MI(n)

; MI(s) + NQA

MI(n)

; >.>k + 8.?k

MI(n)

; >.4k

MK

; MI(n) + IK(n)

9.:k

; >.4k + IK(n)

9.:k ‑ >.4k ; IK(n) 8.>k

; IK(n)

IK nluej bn tdg sdep es 8.>k

Cfswgr :

Ievgf03. ?. 1. :. 7.

NQA

Jesplcagkgft (Y) ;4488t : e ; 33>>k _J bn DNB ; 8.57 MK ; 38.3k MI ; 5k

; e * _J bn NY Y

Xcig ? bn ?7

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ NQA

; 33>> * 8.57 4488

NQA

; 8.3?>k

MI(n)

; MI(s) + NQA

MI(n)

; 5k + 8.3?>k

MI(n)

; 5.3?>k

MK

; MI(n) + IK(n)

38.3k ; 5.3?>k + IK(n) 38.3k ‑ 5.3?>k ; IK(n) 8.59:k ; IK(n) IK nluej bn tdg sdep es 8.59:k

Cfswgr 7

Ievgf03. ?. 1. :.

Jesplcagkgft (Y) ;3>888t L bn JO tcfm ; ?8k O bn JO tcfm ; 4k _J bn wctgr ; 3.838 1

e

; LO 3?

NQA

; e * _J bn wctgr 3? * Jesplcagkgft

NQA

; L * O * _J bn wctgr 3? * Jesplcagkgft

NQA

; ?8 * (4) * 3.838 3? * 3>888

NQA

; ?8 * 4 * 4 * 4 * 3.838 3? * 3>888

NQA

; 8.87:k

1

1

NQA nbr tdg vgssgl es 8.87:k

Xcig 1 bn ?7

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ Cfswgr >

Ievgf03. ?. 1. :. 7. >.

L bn tcfm ; 3?k O bn tcfm ; 5k _J bn bel ; 8.9? Jesplcagkgft (Y) ; 3?888t MK ; 5k MI ; 4.7k 1

e

; LO 3?

NQA

; e * _J bn bel 3? * Jesplcagkgft

NQA

; L * O * _J bn bel 3? * Jesplcagkgft

NQA

; 3? * (5) * 8.9? 3? * 3?888

NQA

; 3? *5 * 5 * 5 * 8.9? 3? * 3?888

NQA

; 8.8::k

MI(n)

; MI(s) + NQA

MI(n)

; 4.7k + 8.8::k

MI(n)

; 4.7::k

MK

; MI(n) + IK(n)

5k

; 4.7::k + IK(n)

1

1

5k ‑ 4.7::k ; IK(n) 8.:7>k ; IK(n) IK nluej bn tdg sdep es 8.:7>k

Xcig : bn ?7


Ievgf03. ?. 1. :. 7. >. 9.

Jesplcagkgft (Y) ; 4888t L bn tcfm ; 38k O bn tcfm ; 4k D bn tcfm ; 5k MK ; 9k MI ; >.?k 3/1 bn tcfm pukpgj but

_J bn QY ; 3.8?7

38k

4k

1k 5k

4k

38k I

5k

I― 1k

>k

9.7k

Kcss bn wctgr pukpgj but ; 3 * L * O * D * _J 1 Kcss bn wctgr pukpgj but ; 3 * 38 * 4 * 5 * 3.8?7 1 Kcss bn wctgr pukpgj but ; ?:>t (w)

MI nrbk wdgrg wctgr pukpgj but ; (3 * dgeidt) + (? * dgeidt) 1*? 1 MI nrbk wdgrg wctgr pukpgj but ; (3 * 5) + (? * 5) 1 *? 1 MI nrbk wdgrg wctgr pukpgj but ; 3.7k + >k MI nrbk wdgrg wctgr pukpgj but ; 9.7k

Xcig 7 bn ?7

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ MI nrbk wdgrg wctgr jesadcrigj MI bn sdep j ↓ II―

;w*j Y ‑ w

II―

; ?:> * 3.1 4888 ‑ ?:>

II―

; ?:> * 3.1 997:

II―

; 8.8:3k

; 9.7k ;->.?k 3.1k

Nefcl jesplcagkgft ; Efetecl Jesplcagkgft ‑ Jesadcrig Nefcl jesplcagkgft ; 4888t ‑ ?:>t Nefcl jesplcagkgft ; 997:t

Efetecl MI bn tdg vgssgl ; >.?k II― ;-8.8:3k Nefcl MI bn tdg vgssgl ; >.375k 1

e

; LO 3?

NQA

; e * _J bn wctgr 3? * Jesplcagkgft

NQA

; L * O * _J bn wctgr 3? * Jesplcagkgft

NQA

; 38 * (4) * 3.8?7 3? * 997:

NQA

; 38 *4 * 4 * 4 * 3.8?7 3? * 997:

NQA

; 8.87>k

MI(n)

; MI(s) + NQA

MI(n)

; >.375k + 8.87>k

MI(n)

; >.?37k

MK

; MI(n) + IK(n)

9k

; >.?37k + IK(n)

1

1

Xcig > bn ?7

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ

9k ‑ >.?37k ; IK(n) 8.947k ; IK(n) IK nluej bn tdg sdep es 8.947k

Cfswgr 4

Ievgf03. ?. 1. :. 7. >.

Jesplcagkgft (Y) ; 7888t Jekgfsebfs bn tcfm ; 3>k * 38k * :k MK ; >.?k MI ; 9k Bel lbcjgj ; :88t _J bn bel ; 8.57

3>k

:88t Qbufjefi

38k

:k

I M

_J bn bel

8.57

; Kcss bn bel ^blukg bn bel

; :88 ^blukg bn bel

^blukg bn bel

; :88 8.57

^blukg bn bel

; :?3.871k

^blukg bn bel

; L * O * sbufjefi bn tcfm

:?3.871

; 3> * 38 * sbufjefi bn tcfm

1

Xcig 9 bn ?7


:?3.871 3> * 38

; sbufjefi bn tcfm

?.>1?k

; sbufjefi bn tcfm

MI ; Qbufjefi ? MI ; ?.>1? ? MI ; 3.13>k Ygeidt (t) 7888 :88 7:88

Qdep Lbcjgj Zbtcl

MI (k) 9 3.13>

Kbkgfts (tk) 17888 7?>.: 177?>.:

MI bn sdep cntgr lbcjefi ; Zbtcl kbkgfts Zbtcl wgeidt MI bn sdep cntgr lbcjefi ; 177?>.: 7:88 MI bn sdep cntgr lbcjefi

; >.795k

1

e

; LO 3?

NQA


NQA


NQA

; 3> * (38) * 8.57 3? * 7:88

NQA

; 3> *38 * 38 * 38 * 8.57 3? * 7:88

NQA

; 8.?17k

MI(n)

; MI(s) + NQA

MI(n)

; >.795k + 8.?17k

MI(n)

; >.43:k

MK

; MI(n) + IK(n)

1

1

Xcig 4 bn ?7


9.?k

; >.43:k + IK(n)

9.?k ‑ >.43:k ; IK(n) 8.14>k ; IK(n) IK nluej bn tdg sdep es 8.14>k

Cfswgr 5

Ievgf03. ?. 1. :. 7. >. 9.

Jekgfsebfs bn Xbrt tcfm ; 3?k * 7k * 4k Jekgfsebfs bn Qtoj tcfm ; 3?k * 7k * 4k Xbrt tcfm null bn QY Qtoj tcfm es gkpty Jesplcagkgft (Y) ; 54:8t MK ; 4.7k MI ; 4k

3?k

3?k

Xbrt Zcfm

Qtoj Zcfm

Xbrt Zcfm

4k

Qtoj Zcfm

4k :k I

7k

7k

7k

^blukg bn gcad tcfm

;L*O*D

^blukg bn gcad tcfm

; 3? * 7 * 4

^blukg bn gcad tcfm

; :48k

I―

7k

1

Xcig 5 bn ?7

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ _J bn QY

3.8?7

; Kcss bn wctgr ^blukg bn wctgr

; Kcss bn wctgr :48

3.8?7 * :48 :5?t

;Kcss bn wctgr

; Kcss bn wctgr

Kcss bn wctgr trcfsngrrgj ; Zbtcl kcss bn wctgr ? Kcss bn wctgr trcfsngrrgj ; :5? ? Kcss bn wctgr trcfsngrrgj ; ?:>t

MI bn kcss nrbk wdgrg sdentgj sdentgj ; >k MI bn kcss tb wdgrg sdentgj ;-?k j↑ ; :k II―

; w *j Y

II―

; ?:> * : 54:8

II―

; 8.3k (↑)

MI bn sdep II― ↑

; 4k ;-8.3k 9.5k 1

e

; LO 3?

NQA

; e * _J bn QY 3? * Jesplcagkgft

NQA

; L * O * _J bn QY 3? * Jesplcagkgft

NQA

; 3? * (7) * 3.8?7 3? * 54:8

NQA

; 3? *7 * 7 * 7 * 3.8?7 3? * 54:8

NQA

; 8.831k

1

1

Xcig 38 bn ?7

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ NQG bn ? tcfms ; ? * NQG NQG bn ? tcfms ; ? * 8.831k NQG bn ? tcfms ; 8.8?>k

MI(n)

; MI(s) + NQA

MI(n)

; 9.5k + 8.8?>k

MI(n)

; 9.5?>k

MK

; MI(n) + IK(n)

4.7k

; 9.5?>k + IK(n)

4.7k ‑ 9.5?>k ; IK(n) 8.79:k ; IK(n) IK nluej bn tdg sdep es 8.79:k

Cfswgr 38

Ievgf03

Jesplcagkgft t;

?

MK (k);

38888 5.5

Zcfm

MI(k)

E (kV:)

Lequej

_J

_gkcrms

Zbtcl "E" (kV:)

NX Zcfm

>.18

38

QY

3.8?7

Null

8

Fb.3 JOZ

3.37

:?8

DNB

8.57

Qlcam

155

Fb. ? X

8.>7

9?8

DNB

8.57

Qlcam

>4:

Fb.? Q

8.>7

9?8

DNB

8.57

Gkpty

8

Fb.1 X

8.>7

?:8

QY

3.8?7

Null

8

Fb.1 Q

8.>7

?:8

QY

3.8?7

Qlcam

?:>

Fb.1 A

8.>8

3?88

DNB

8.57

Null

8

Fb.: X

8.98

188

NY

3.888

Qlcam

188

Fb.: Q

8.98

188

NY

3.888

Qlcam

188

Fb.7 X

8.47

348

JB

8.44

Qlcam

374.:

Fb.7 Q

8.47

388

DNB

8.57

Null

8

CX Zcfm

4.48

?8

QY

3.8?7

Gkpty

8

Zbtcl

4.57:

?849.:

Xcig 33 bn ?7

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ NQG ;

Zbtcl e Zbtcl Jesplcagkgft

NQG ;

?849.: 38888

NQG ;

MI(n) ;

8.?85

k

MI(s) + NQG

MI (n) ;

4.57:

MI (n) ;

5.3>1k

+ 8.?85

MK ; MI(n) + IK(n) 5.5k ; 5.3>1k + IK(n) 5.5k ‑ 5.3>1k ; IK(n) 8.919k ; IK(n) IK nluej bn tdg vgssgl es 8.919k

Xcig 3? bn ?7


Ievgf03

Jesplcagkgft t;

?

MK (k);

38888 5.5

Zcfm

MI(k)

E (kV:)

Lequej

_J

_gkcrms

Zbtcl "E" (kV:)

NX Zcfm

>.18

38

QY

3.8?7

Null

8

Fb.3 JOZ

3.37

:?8

DNB

8.57

Qlcam

155

Fb. ? X

8.>7

9?8

DNB

8.57

Null

8

Fb.? Q

8.>7

9?8

DNB

8.57

Gkpty

8

Fb.1 X

8.>7

?:8

QY

3.8?7

Null

8

Fb.1 Q

8.>7

?:8

QY

3.8?7

Qlcam

?:>

Fb.1 A

8.>8

3?88

DNB

8.57

Null

8

Fb.: X

8.98

188

NY

3.888

Qlcam

188

Fb.: Q

8.98

188

NY

3.888

Qlcam

188

Fb.7 X

8.47

348

JB

8.44

Qlcam

374.:

Fb.7 Q

8.47

388

DNB

8.57

Null

8

CX Zcfm

4.48

?8

QY

3.8?7

Gkpty

8

Zbtcl

4.578

3:81.:

NQG ;


NQG ;

3:81.: 38888

NQG ;

MI(n) ;

8.3:8

k

MI(s) + NQG

MI (n) ;

4.578

MI (n) ;

5.858

+

8.3:8

k

MK ; MI(n) + IK(n) 5.5k ; 5.858k + IK(n) 5.5k ‑ 5.858k ; IK(n) 8.438k ; IK(n)

Xcig 31 bn ?7


IK nluej bn tdg vgssgl es 8.438k

Cfswgr 3?

Ievgf03

Jesplcagkgft t;

?

MK (k);

38888 5.5

Zcfm

MI(k)

E (kV:)

Lequej

_J

_gkcrms

Zbtcl "E" (kV:)

NX Zcfm

>.18

38

QY

3.8?7

Qlcam

38.?7

Fb.3 JOZ

3.37

:?8

DNB

8.57

Qlcam

155

Fb. ? X

8.>7

9?8

DNB

8.57

Qlcam

>4:

Fb.? Q

8.>7

9?8

DNB

8.57

Gkpty

8

Fb.1 X

8.>7

?:8

QY

3.8?7

Null

8

Fb.1 Q

8.>7

?:8

QY

3.8?7

Null

8

Fb.1 A

8.>8

3?88

DNB

8.57

Null

8

Fb.: X

8.98

188

NY

3.888

Qlcam

188

Fb.: Q

8.98

188

NY

3.888

Qlcam

188

Fb.7 X

8.47

348

JB

8.44

Qlcam

374.:

Fb.7 Q

8.47

388

DNB

8.57

Null

8

CX Zcfm

4.48

?8

QY

3.8?7

Qlcam

?8.7

Zbtcl

4.448

349?.37

NQG ;


NQG ;

349?.37 38888

NQG ;

MI(n) ;

8.349

k

MI(s) + NQG

MI (n) ;

4.448

MI (n) ;

5.8>9

+

8.349

k

Xcig 3: bn ?7

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ MK ; MI(n) + IK(n) 5.5k ; 5.8>9k + IK(n) 5.5k ‑ 5.8>9k ; IK(n) 8.411k ; IK(n) IK nluej bn tdg vgssgl es 8.411k

Cfswgr 31

Ievgf03

Jesplcagkgft (t);

?

MK (k);

38888 5.5

Etgk

Ygeidt (t)

MI (k)

Kbkgfts (tk)

Qdep

38888

4.57:

457:8

Abfsukg DNB

-?88

3.37

-?18

Dcll DNB

-388

8.>

->8

Cll Zdg NY

-?88

8.9

-3:8

Zbtcl

5788

Nefcl MI ;

45338

Zbtcl Kbkgfts Zbtcl Ygeidt

Nefcl MI ;

45338 5788

Nefcl MI ;

5.148k

Xcig 37 bn ?7


Zcfm

MI(k)

E (kV:)

Lequej

_J

_gkcrms

Zbtcl "E" (kV:)

NX Zcfm

>.18

38

QY

3.8?7

Null

8

Fb.3 JOZ

3.37

:?8

DNB

8.57

Gkpty

8

Fb. ? X

8.>7

9?8

DNB

8.57

Qlcam

>4:

Fb.? Q

8.>7

9?8

DNB

8.57

Gkpty

8

Fb.1 X

8.>7

?:8

QY

3.8?7

Null

8

Fb.1 Q

8.>7

?:8

QY

3.8?7

Qlcam

?:>

Fb.1 A

8.>8

3?88

DNB

8.57

Qlcam

33:8

Fb.: X

8.98

188

NY

3.888

Gkpty

8

Fb.: Q

8.98

188

NY

3.888

Gkpty

8

Fb.7 X

8.47

348

JB

8.44

Qlcam

374.:

Fb.7 Q

8.47

388

DNB

8.57

Null

8

CX Zcfm

4.48

?8

QY

3.8?7

Gkpty

8

Zbtcl

5.148

???4.:

NQG ;


NQG ;

???4.: 5788

NQG ;

MI(n) ;

8.?17

k

MI(s) + NQG

MI (n) ;

5.148

MI (n) ;

5.>37

+

8.?17

k

MK ; MI(n) + IK(n) 5.5k ; 5.>37k + IK(n) 5.5k ‑ 5.>37k ; IK(n) 8.?47k ; IK(n) IK nluej bn tdg vgssgl es 8.?47k

Xcig 3> bn ?7

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ Cfswgr 3:

Ievgf03

Jesplcagkgft (t);

?

MK (k);

38888 5.5

Etgk

Ygeidt (t)

MI (k)

Kbkgfts (tk)

Qdep

38888

4.57:

457:8

Abfsukg DNB

-378

8.>7

-59.7

Dcll DNB

-78

8.>

-18

Cll Zdg NY

-388

8.9

-98

Zbtcl

5988

Nefcl MI ;

451:?.7


Nefcl MI ;

451:?.7 5988

Nefcl MI ;

5.?33k

Zcfm

MI(k)

E (kV:)

Lequej

_J

_gkcrms

Zbtcl "E" (kV:)

NX Zcfm

>.18

38

QY

3.8?7

Null

8

Fb.3 JOZ

3.37

:?8

DNB

8.57

Qlcam

155

Fb. ? X

8.>7

9?8

DNB

8.57

Gkpty

8

Fb.? Q

8.>7

9?8

DNB

8.57

Gkpty

8

Fb.1 X

8.>7

?:8

QY

3.8?7

Null

8

Fb.1 Q

8.>7

?:8

QY

3.8?7

Qlcam

?:>

Fb.1 A

8.>8

3?88

DNB

8.57

Qlcam

33:8

Fb.: X

8.98

188

NY

3.888

Qlcam

188

Fb.: Q

8.98

188

NY

3.888

Gkpty

8

Fb.7 X

8.47

348

JB

8.44

Qlcam

374.:

Fb.7 Q

8.47

388

DNB

8.57

Null

8

CX Zcfm

4.48

?8

QY

3.8?7

Gkpty

8

Zbtcl

5.?33

NQG ;

??:1.:

Zbtcl e Zbtcl Jesplcagkgft Xcig 39 bn ?7


NQG ;

??:1.: 5988

NQG ;

MI(n) ;

8.?13

k

MI(s) + NQG

MI (n) ;

5.?33

MI (n) ;

5.::?

+

8.?13

k

MK ; MI(n) + IK(n) 5.5k ; 5.::?k + IK(n) 5.5k ‑ 5.::?k ; IK(n) 8.:74k ; IK(n) IK nluej bn tdg vgssgl es 8.:74k

Cfswgr 37

Ievgf03

Jesplcagkgft (t);

?

MK (k);

38888 38

Etgk

Ygeidt (t)

MI (k)

Kbkgfts (tk)

Qdep

38888

4.57:

457:8

Lbcjs Fb.? LD

3888

:

:888

Lbcjs Fb.: LD

?888

7

38888

Zbtcl

31888

Nefcl MI ;

3817:8


Nefcl MI ;

3817:8 31888

Nefcl MI ;

9.5>7k

Xcig 34 bn ?7


MI(k)

E (kV:)

Lequej

_J

_gkcrms

Zbtcl "E" (kV:)

NX Zcfm

>.18

38

QY

3.8?7

Null

8

Fb.3 JOZ

3.37

:?8

DNB

8.57

Qlcam

155

Fb. ? X

8.>7

9?8

DNB

8.57

Qlcam

>4:

Fb.? Q

8.>7

9?8

DNB

8.57

Gkpty

8

Fb.1 X

8.>7

?:8

QY

3.8?7

Null

8

Fb.1 Q

8.>7

?:8

QY

3.8?7

Qlcam

?:>

Fb.1 A

8.>8

3?88

DNB

8.57

Null

8

Fb.: X

8.98

188

NY

3.888

Qlcam

188

Fb.: Q

8.98

188

NY

3.888

Qlcam

188

Fb.7 X

8.47

348

JB

8.44

Qlcam

374.:

Fb.7 Q

8.47

388

DNB

8.57

Null

8

CX Zcfm

4.48

?8

QY

3.8?7

Gkpty

8

Zbtcl

9.5>7

Zcfm

?849.:

NQG ;


NQG ;

?849.: 31888

NQG ;

MI(n) ;

8.3>3

k

MI(s) + NQG

MI (n) ;

9.5>7

MI (n) ;

4.3?7

+

8.3>3

k

MK ; MI(n) + IK(n) 38k ; 4.3?7k + IK(n) 38k ‑4.3?7k ; IK(n) 3.497k ; IK(n) IK nluej bn tdg vgssgl es 3.497k

Xcig 35 bn ?7

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ Cfswgr 3>

Ievgf03. Jesplcagkgft ; 7888t ?. L bn tcfm ; 34k 1. O bn tcfm ; 3?k _J bn QY es 3.8?7 c) 1

e

; LO 3?

NQA

; e * _J bn QY 3? * Jesplcagkgft

NQA

; L * O * _J bn QY 3? * Jesplcagkgft

NQA

; 34 * (3?) * 3.8?7 3? * 7888

NQA

; 34 * 3? * 3? * 3? * 3.8?7 3? * 7888

NQA

; 8.713k

1

1

o) e.

NQG

;3 * Zbtcl nrgg surncag gnngat ef (c) ? f

NQG

;3 * 8.713 ? ?

NQG

; 3 * 8.713 :

NQG

; 8.311k

(Nrbk (c))

o) ee.

NQG

; 3 * NQG ef (o. e.) ?

NQG

; 3 * 8.311 ?

NQG

; 8.8>9k

(Nrbk (o. e. ))

Xcig ?8 bn ?7

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ a) e.

NQG


NQG

;3 * 8.713 ? 1

NQG

; 3 * 8.713 5

NQG

; 8.875k

(Nrbk (c))

a) ee.

NQG

; ? * NQG ef (a. e.) 1

NQG

; ? * 8.875 1

NQG

; 8.815k

(Nrbk (a. e. ))

a) eee.

NQG

; 3 * NQG ef (a. e.) 1

NQG

; 3 * 8.875 1

NQG

; 8.8?8k

(Nrbk (a. e. ))

j) e.

NQG


NQG

;3 * 8.713 ? :

NQG

; 3 * 8.713 3>

NQG

; 8.811k

(Nrbk (c))

j) ee.

NQG

; 1 * NQG ef (j. e.) :

Xcig ?3 bn ?7


NQG

; 1 * 8.811 :

NQG

; 8.8?7k

(Nrbk (j. e. ))

j) eee.

NQG

; ? * NQG ef (j. e.) :

NQG

; ? * 8.811 :

NQG

; 8.839k

(Nrbk (j. e. ))

j) ev.

NQG

; 3 * NQG ef (j. e.) :

NQG

; 3 * 8.811 :

NQG

; 8.884k

(Nrbk (j. e. ))

Cfswgr 39

Ievgf03. ?. 1. :. 7.

Jesplcagkgft ; 38888t L bn tcfm ; ?8k Jevejgj tcfm ef X, Q & A jevesebfs Orgctd bn X & Q tcfm ; :k Orgctd bn A tcfm ; 3?k

c) 1

e

; LO 3?

NQA

; e * _J bn NY 3? * Jesplcagkgft

NQA

; L * O * _J bn NY 3? * Jesplcagkgft

1

Xcig ?? bn ?7

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ 1

NQA

; ?8 * (:) * 3.888 3? * 38888

NQA

; ?8 * : * : * : * 3.888 3? * 38888

NQA

; 8.833k

o

NQG bn obtd tcfms ; NQG bn bfg tcfm * ? (Obtd tcfms crg ejgfteacl) NQG bn obtd tcfms ; 8.833 * ? (Nrbk c) NQG bn obtd tcfms ; 8.8??k a 1

e

; LO 3?

NQA


NQA


NQA

; ?8 * (3?) * 3.888 3? * 38888

NQA

; ?8 * 3? * 3? * 3? * 3.888 3? * 38888

NQA

; 8.?44k

1

1

j

NQA bn cll tdrgg tcfms ; NQA bn X tcfm + NQA bn Q tcfm + NQA bn A tcfm NQA bn cll tdrgg tcfms ; 8.8??k + 8.8??k + 8.?44k NQA bn cll tdrgg tcfms ; 8.138k g 1

e

; LO 3?

NQA


Xcig ?1 bn ?7

ADCXZG_ ‑ 3? N_GG QW_NCAG GNNGAZ 1

NQA


NQA

; ?8 * (?8) * 3.888 3? * 38888

NQA

; ?8 * ?8 * ?8 * ?8 * 3.888 3? * 38888

NQA

; 3.111k

1

Cfswgr 34

c. o. a. j.

Fb.3 JO Fb.1 X & Q Fb.? X & Q Fb.1 A

Cfswgr 35

c. Fb.: Q o. Fb.: X a. Fb.3 JO

Cfswgr ?8

Ievgf03. ?. 1. :. 7. >.

Y ;4888t MK ; 9.5k MI ; 9.8k L bn tcfm ; 37k O bn tcfm ; 3?k _J bn bel ; 8.57 1

e

; LO 3?

NQA


NQA


NQA

; 37 * (3?) * 8.57 3? * 4888

1

1

Xcig ?: bn ?7


NQA

; 37 * 3? * 3? * 3? * 8.57 3? * 4888

NQA

; 8.?79k

MI(n)

; MI(s) + NQA

MI(n)

; 9.8k + 8.?79k

MI(n)

; 9.?79k

MK

; MI(n) + IK(n)

9.5k

; 9.?79k + IK(n)

9.5k ‑ 9.?79k ; IK(n) 8.>:1k ; IK(n)

c)

Kbkgft bn stcteacl stcoelety ; w * IK * Qef ѿ Kbkgft bn stcteacl stcoelety ; 4888 * 8.>:1 * Qef(>¸) Kbkgft bn stcteacl stcoelety ; 719.9 tk o) ?

Kbkgft bn stcteacl stcoelety ; w * Qef ѿ * (IK + 3 * OK * Zcf ѿ) ? ?

Kbkgft bn stcteacl stcoelety ; 4888 * Qef(?8¸ ) * (8.>:1 + 3 * :.5 * Zcf (?8¸)) ? Kbkgft bn stcteacl stcoelety ; ?>:9.:tk

-b8b-

Xcig ?7 bn ?7

Chapter 12 (Free Surface Effect)

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