Supply Chain Chain Management, Management, 6e (Chopra/Meindl) 6e (Chopra/Meindl) Chapter 3 Supply Chain Drivers and Metrics
3.1 True/False Questions 1) The major drivers of supply chain performance are customers, facilities, inventory, transportation, and information. Answer FA!"# $iff % Topic 3.% $rivers of "upply &hain 'erformance 'erformance AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance %) The two major types of facilities are production sites and stora*e sites. Answer T# $iff % Topic 3.% $rivers of "upply &hain 'erformance 'erformance AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance 3) -nventory is an important supply chain driver ecause chan*in* inventory policies can dramatically alter the supply chain0s efficiency and responsiveness. Answer T# $iff % Topic 3.% $rivers of "upply &hain 'erformance 'erformance AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance ) -nformation is potentially the i**est driver of performance in the supply chain as it directly affects each of the other drivers. Answer T# $iff 1 Topic 3.% $rivers of "upply &hain 'erformance 'erformance AA&"( -nformation technolo*y +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance 2) A facility with little ecess capacity will liely e no more or less efficient per unit un it of product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity. Answer FA!"# $iff 1 Topic 3. Facilities AA&"( Analytical thinin* +jective !+ 3. $efine the ey metrics metrics that trac the performance performance of the supply chain in terms of each driver.
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6) The hi*h utili7ation facility will have difficulty respondin* to demand fluctuations. Answer T# $iff 1 Topic 3. Facilities AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3. $efine the ey metrics metrics that trac the performance performance of the supply chain in terms of each driver. 8) "toc eepin* unit 9":) stora*e is the warehousin* methodolo*y that uses a traditional warehouse to store all of one type of product to*ether. Answer T# $iff % Topic 3. Facilities AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y. ;)
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11) "easonal inventory is inventory that is uilt up to counter predictale variaility in demand. Answer T# $iff % Topic 3.2 -nventory AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y. 1%) &ompanies usin* seasonal inventory will uild up inventory in periods of low demand and an d store it for periods of hi*h demand when they will not have the capacity to produce all that is demanded. Answer T# $iff % Topic 3.2 -nventory AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y. 13) &ompanies usin* seasonal inventory will maintain a level inventory increase rate of production for periods of hi*h demand. Answer FA!"# $iff 1 Topic 3.2 -nventory AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y. 1) A company0s aility to find a alance etween responsiveness and efficiency that est matches the needs of the customer cu stomer it is tar*etin* is the ey to achievin* strate*ic fit. Answer T# $iff % Topic 3.2 -nventory AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y.
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3.% >ultiple &hoice Questions 1) :at7 reports total revenue of ?%2,655, cost of *oods sold of ?1;,=25 and net income of ?1%1,555. Their total assets are ?2;2,555 and total liailities are ?%25,555. easures of 'erformance AA&"( Analytical thinin* +jective !+ 3.1 $escrie ey financial measures measures of firm performance. performance. %) :at7 reports total revenue of ?382,625, cost of *oods sold of ?%68,55 and net income of ?;,3%2. Their total assets are ?8;,3%2 and total liailities are ?3;8,882. easures of 'erformance AA&"( Analytical thinin* +jective !+ 3.1 $escrie ey financial measures measures of firm performance. performance. 3) easures of 'erformance AA&"( Analytical thinin* +jective !+ 3.1 $escrie ey financial measures measures of firm performance. performance.
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) easures of 'erformance AA&"( Analytical thinin* +jective !+ 3.1 $escrie ey financial measures measures of firm performance. performance. 2) Ceoff strolled into his local i* o retailer in search of sunflower seeds for the floc of cardinals that *raced his property durin* the cold winter. >uch to his 9and the cardinals0) dismay, the shelf where the 25 pound poun d a*s of sunflower seeds were ept was are. De pirouetted and left the store in dis*ust, emptyEhanded and fearin* the wrath of an an*ry floc of cardinals when he returned home. This sad scenario illustrates A) safety inventory. inventory. () cycle inventory. inventory. &) a mardown. $) a lost sale. Answer $ $iff % Topic 3.1 Financial >easures of 'erformance AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.1 $escrie ey financial measures measures of firm performance. performance. 6) easures of 'erformance AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.1 $escrie ey financial measures measures of firm performance. performance.
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8) The places in the supply chain networ where product is stored, assemled, or faricated are nown as A) facilities. () inventory. &) transportation. $) information. Answer A $iff 1 Topic 3.% $rivers of "upply &hain 'erformance 'erformance AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance ;) All raw materials, materials, wor in process, and finished *oods within a supply chain are nown n own as A) facilities. () inventory. &) transportation. $) information. Answer ( $iff 1 Topic 3.% $rivers of "upply &hain 'erformance 'erformance AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance =) >ovin* inventory from point to point in the supply is nown as A) facilities. () inventory. &) transportation. $) information. Answer & $iff 1 Topic 3.% $rivers of "upply &hain 'erformance 'erformance AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance 15) The data and analysis concernin* facilities, inventory, transportation, and customers throu*hout the supply chain is nown as A) facilities. () inventory. &) transportation. $) information. Answer $ $iff 1 Topic 3.% $rivers of "upply &hain 'erformance 'erformance AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance
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11) The two major types of facilities are A) distriution sites and stora*e sites. () production sites and distriution sites. &) production sites and stora*e sites. $) retail sites and distriution sites. Answer & $iff % Topic 3. Facilities AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance 1%)
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1)
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18) The warehousin* methodolo*y in which all the different types of products needed to perform a particular jo or satisfy a particular type of customer are stored to*ether is A) warehouse unit stora*e. () stoc eepin* unit 9":) stora*e. &) jo lot stora*e. $) crossEdocin*. Answer & $iff % Topic 3. Facilities AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y. 1;) The followin* warehousin* methodolo*y is one in which *oods are not actually warehoused in a facility. -nstead, trucs from suppliers, each carryin* a different type of product, deliver *oods to a facility. There the inventory is roen into smaller lots and @uicly loaded onto storeE ound trucs that carry a variety of products, some from each of the supplier trucs. A)
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%5) The inventory that is uilt up to counter predictale variaility in demand is called A) cycle inventory. inventory. () safety inventory. inventory. &) seasonal inventory. inventory. $) sourcin*. Answer & $iff % Topic 3.2 -nventory AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance %1) The inventory held in case demand eceeds epectation in order to counter uncertainty is called A) cycle inventory. inventory. () safety inventory. inventory. &) seasonal inventory. inventory. $) sourcin*. Answer ( $iff % Topic 3.2 -nventory AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance %%) The set of usiness processes re@uired to purchase *oods and services is nown as A) cycle inventory. inventory. () safety inventory. inventory. &) seasonal inventory. inventory. $) sourcin*. Answer $ $iff 1 Topic 3.2 -nventory AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance %3) &ycle inventory is used ecause A) the world is perfectly predictale. () demand is uncertain and may eceed epectations. &) it involves main* a tradeEoff etween the costs of havin* ha vin* too much inventory and the costs of losin* sales due to not havin* enou*h inventory. $) it focuses on processes that are eternal to the firm. Answer ( $iff % Topic 3.2 -nventory AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance
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%) "easonal inventory should e used when A) a company can rapidly chan*e the rate of its production system at a very low cost. () chan*in* the rate of production p roduction is epensive 9e.*., when worers must e hired or fired). &) adjustin* to a period of low demand without incurrin* lar*e costs. $) the world is perfectly predictale. Answer A $iff 3 Topic 3.2 -nventory AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance %2) ode of transportation &) "ource selection $) ore warehouses Answer & $iff 3 Topic 3.6 Transportation Transportati on AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y.
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%8) A eeeeper sends out crates of honey to a numer of customers. The shippin* cost is a function of the *asoline prices that day and the si7e of the truc used for delivery. delivery. For any shipment eceedin* 3555 pounds, pou nds, the truc rental is ?655 and for a shipment wei*ht less than 3555, the truc rental is ?25. nits 6 ;8 %3 1 = %5 3 %1 % =5 %;
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3%) Transformin* Transformin* forecasts into plans of activity to satisfy the projected demand is nown as A) supply chain coordination. () forecastin*. &) a**re*ate plannin*. $) revenue mana*ement. Answer & $iff 1 Topic 3.8 -nformation -nforma tion AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y. 33) The process y which a firm decides how ho w much to char*e customers for its *oods and services is A) supply chain coordination. () forecastin*. &) a**re*ate plannin*. $) pricin*. Answer $ $iff 1 Topic 3.8 -nformation -nforma tion AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y. 3) The use of differential pricin* over time or customer se*ments to maimi7e profits from a limited set of supply chain assets is A) supply chain coordination. () forecastin*. &) a**re*ate plannin*. $) revenue mana*ement. Answer $ $iff % Topic 3.8 -nformation -nforma tion AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3. $efine the ey metrics metrics that trac the performance performance of the supply chain in terms of each driver.
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32) ana*ement 9&>) software Answer A $iff % Topic 3.8 -nformation -nforma tion AA&"( -nformation technolo*y +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y. 36) HHHHHHHH identifies the difference etween the planned production/inventories and the actual values. A) "upplier reliaility () Forecast error &) Iariance from plan $) "upply @uality Answer & $iff % Topic 3.8 -nformation -nforma tion AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3. $efine the ey metrics metrics that trac the performance performance of the supply chain in terms of each driver. 38) -n the tetoo, it mentions that $) #$Answer A $iff 3 Topic 3.8 -nformation -nforma tion AA&"( -nformation technolo*y +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y.
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3;) HHHHHHHH typically measures the cost co st of rin*in* product into a facility as a percenta*e of sales or cost of *oods sold 9&+C"). A) Avera*e Avera*e outound transportation cost () Avera*e Avera*e inound transportation cost &) Avera*e Avera*e incomin* shipment si7e $) Avera*e Avera*e inound transportation cost per shipment Answer ( $iff 3 Topic 3.8 -nformation -nforma tion AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3. $efine the ey metrics metrics that trac the performance performance of the supply chain in terms of each driver. 3=) HHHHHHHH measures the avera*e time etween when an order is placed and the product arrives. A) "upplier reliaility () "upply lead time &) Fraction of onEtime deliveries $) "upply @uality Answer ( $iff 1 Topic 3.; "ourcin* AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3. $efine the ey metrics metrics that trac the performance performance of the supply chain in terms of each driver. 5) Jara sources asic products such as white tEshirts from low cost countries ecause demand is predictale. For trendy products for which demand is unpredictale, Jara sources from companyE owned hi*her cost factories in #urope. For Fo r the predictale demand, Jara strives for HHHHHHHH and for the unpredictale demand, Jara hopes to achieve HHHHHHHH. A) social responsiility, responsiility, @uality () fleiility, social responsiility &) efficiency, fleiility $) @uality, efficiency Answer & $iff % Topic 3.; "ourcin* AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3. $efine the ey metrics metrics that trac the performance performance of the supply chain in terms of each driver.
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1) The most si*nificant sourcin* decision for a firm is A) whether to locate a plant close to customers or locate a plant close to sources of raw materials or suppliers. () whether to use hi*hly automate processes or manual laor. &) whether to use traditional inventory methods or adopt ado pt a just in time approach to stocin*. $) whether to perform a tas inEhouse or outsource it to a third party. Answer $ $iff % Topic 3.; "ourcin* AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3. $efine the ey metrics metrics that trac the performance performance of the supply chain in terms of each driver. %) !isa rented her *oats out to anyone interested in clearin* underrush the natural way on their acrea*e. "he received a call from her client >ary on une %1 and delivered her herd of *oats to the site on une %. The *oats were done on une 35 and !isa presented >ary with an invoice the same day. >ary wrote !isa a chec on uly 1; and !isa cashed it on uly %1. ary0s jo A) 1; days () % days &) %8 days $) 35 days Answer A $iff % Topic 3.; "ourcin* AA&"( Analytical thinin* +jective !+ 3. $efine the ey metrics metrics that trac the performance performance of the supply chain in terms of each driver.
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3) +ver the past two months, !isa has received several orders for *oat *ra7in* services. The order date, promise date, and delivery dates are shown in the tale elow. +rde +rderr $ate $ate une 1 une 1 une 6 une 13 une 12 une 12 une 1; une 1= une %5 une %% une % une %6 une %; une 35
'rom 'romis isee $ate $ate $eli $elive very ry $ate $ate une % une 3 une une une 8 une 8 une 12 une 12 une 16 une 1; une 1; une %5 une %% une %% une %2 une %2 une %8 une %8 une %= une %= une %; une 35 uly uly uly ; uly 8 uly ; uly =
enu pricin* Answer ( $iff 3 Topic 3.= 'ricin* AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y.
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2) HHHHHHHH measures the incremental costs that are independent of the si7e of the order. A) Avera*e Avera*e sale price () -ncremental variale cost per unit &) -ncremental fied cost per order $) -ncremental indirect cost per order Answer & $iff 1 Topic 3.= 'ricin* AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3. $efine the ey metrics metrics that trac the performance performance of the supply chain in terms of each driver. 6) #conomies of scale are illustrated y A) a company declarin* that they will not have sales, ut will maintain very low prices p rices all the time. () the price of a tai ride service increasin* after % a.m. &) a supplier usin* a third party lo*istics firm. $) a supplier waitin* until enou*h demand has uilt up to send a full trucload shipment to their customer. Answer $ $iff % Topic 3.= 'ricin* AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3. $efine the ey metrics metrics that trac the performance performance of the supply chain in terms of each driver.
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8) +n a recent road trip to the (i* #asy, the asentee landlord recorded his *asoline purchases in a lo*oo that he intended to support his rental epenses for the year. The The entries are in the tale elow Callons 12 16 13.2 1; ; 1%
Total &ost ?.5 ?36.3% ?3.85 ?2.=5 ?%3.36 ?35.8%
Total &ost ?.5 ?36.3% ?3.85 ?2.=5 ?%3.36 ?35.8%
=) +n a recent road trip to the (i* #asy, the asentee landlord recorded his *asoline purchases in a lo*oo that he intended to support his rental epenses for the year. The The entries are in the tale elow Callons 12 16 13.2 1; ; 1%
Total &ost ?.5 ?36.3% ?3.85 ?2.=5 ?%3.36 ?35.8%
enu pricin* Answer $ $iff % Topic 3.= 'ricin* AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y.
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3.3 #ssay Questions 1) !ist and define the si major drivers of supply chain performance. Answer Facilities are the places places in the supply chain networ where where product is stored, assemled, or faricated. The two major types of facilities are production sites and stora*e sites. -nventory is all raw materials, wor in process, and finished *oods within a supply chain. -nventory is an important supply chain driver ecause chan*in* inventory policies can dramatically alter the supply chain0s efficiency and responsiveness. Transportation Transportation entails movin* inventory from point to point in the supply chain. Transportation can tae the form of many cominations of modes and routes. -nformation consists of data and analysis concernin* facilities, inventory, transportation, and customers throu*hout the supply chain. -nformation is potentially the i**est driver o f performance in the supply chain as it directly affects each of the other drivers. drivers. $iff % Topic 3.% $rivers of "upply &hain 'erformance 'erformance AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.% -dentify the major major drivers of supply chain performance performance %) #plain the supply chain decisionEmain* framewor and the role of the four major drivers. Answer The *oal of a supply chain strate*y strate*y is to strie strie the alance etween responsiveness and efficiency, efficiency, resultin* in a strate*ic fit with the competitive strate*y. strate*y. To reach this *oal, a company uses the four supply chain drivers discussed earlier. For each of the individual drivers, supply chain mana*ers must mae a tradeEoff etween efficiency and responsiveness. The comined impact of these four drivers then determines the responsiveness and efficiency of the entire supply chain. >ost companies e*in with a competitive strate*y and then decide what their supply chain ch ain strate*y ou*ht to e. The supply chain strate*y determines how the supply chain should perform with respect to efficiency and responsiveness. The supply chain must then use the supply chain drivers to reach the performance level the supply chain strate*y dictates. $iff % Topic 3.% $rivers of "upply &hain 'erformance 'erformance AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y.
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3) #plain the asic tradeEoff etween responsiveness and efficiency for each of the major drivers of supply chain performance. Answer The fundamental tradeEoff when when main* facilities decisions decisions is etween the cost of the numer, location, and type of facilities 9efficiency) and the level of responsiveness that these facilities provide the company0s customers. The fundamental tradeEoff when main* inventory decisions is etween responsiveness and efficiency. efficiency. -ncreasin* inventory will *enerally mae the supply chain more responsive to the customer. customer. This choice, however, comes at a cost as the added inventory decreases efficiency. efficiency. Therefore, a supply chain mana*er can use inventory as one of the drivers for reachin* the level of responsiveness and efficiency the competitive strate*y tar*ets. The fundamental tradeEoff for transportation is etween the cost of transportin* a *iven product 9efficiency) and the speed with which that product is transported 9responsiveness). The transportation choice influences other drivers such as inventory and facilities.
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) #plain the role of each of the major drivers of supply chain performance. p erformance. Answer Facilities are the where where of the supply chain if we thin of inventory as what is ein* passed alon* the supply chain and transportation as how it is passed alon*. They are the locations to or from which the inventory is transported. ana*ers should use actions that lower the amount of inventory needed without increasin* cost or reducin* responsiveness, ecause reduced flow time can e a si*nificant advanta*e in a supply chain. Transportation Transportation moves product etween different sta*es in a supply chain. !ie the other supply chain drivers, transportation has a lar*e impact on oth responsiveness and efficiency. Faster transportation, whether in the form of different modes of transportation or different amounts ein* transported, allows a supply chain to e more responsive ut reduces its efficiency efficiency.. The type of transportation a company uses also affects the inventory an d facility locations in the supply chain. -nformation could e overlooed as a major supply chain driver ecause it does not have a physical presence. -nformation, however, deeply affects affects every part of the supply chain. -ts impact is easy to underestimate as information affects a supply chain in many different ways. -nformation serves as the connection etween the supply chain0s various sta*es, allowin* them to coordinate and rin* aout many of the enefits of maimi7in* total supply chain profitaility. -nformation is also crucial to the daily operations of each sta*e in a supply chain. For instance, a production schedulin* system uses information on demand to create a schedule that allows a factory to produce the ri*ht products in an efficient manner. A warehouse mana*ement system uses information to create visiility of the warehouse0s inventory. The company can then use this information to determine whether new orders can e filled. $iff 3 Topic 3.% $rivers of "upply &hain 'erformance 'erformance AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y.
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2) #plain the role of each of the major drivers of supply chain performance p erformance in the competitive strate*y. Answer Facilities and their correspondin* correspondin* capacities to perform their their functions are a ey driver driver of supply chain performance in terms of responsiveness and efficiency. efficiency. For eample, companies can *ain economies of scale when a product is manufactured or o r stored in only one locationL this centrali7ation increases efficiency. efficiency. The cost reduction, however, comes at the epense e pense of responsiveness, as many of a company0s customers cu stomers may e located far from the production facility. facility. The opposite is also true. !ocatin* facilities close to customers increases the numer of facilities needed and conse@uently reduces efficiency. -f the customer demands and is willin* to pay for the responsiveness that havin* numerous facilities adds, however, however, then this facilities decision helps meet the company0s competitive strate*y *oals. -nventory plays a si*nificant role in a supply chain0s aility to support a firm0s competitive strate*y. -f a firm0s competitive strate*y re@uires a very hi*h level of responsiveness, a company can use inventory to achieve this responsiveness y locatin* lar*e amounts of inventory close to the customer. &onversely, &onversely, a company can also use inventory to mae itself more efficient y reducin* inventory throu*h centrali7ed stocin*. The latter strate*y would support a competitive strate*y of ein* a lowEcost producer. The tradeEoff implicit in the inventory driver is etween the responsiveness that results from more inventory and the efficiency that results from less inventory. The role of transportation in a company0s competitive strate*y fi*ures prominently when the company is considerin* the tar*et customer0s needs. -f a firm0s competitive strate*y tar*ets a customer that demands a very hi*h level of responsiveness, and that customer is willin* to pay for this responsiveness, then a firm can use transportation as one driver for main* the supply chain more responsive. The opposite is true as well. -f a company0s competitive strate*y tar*ets customers whose main decision criterion is price, then the company can use transportation to lower the cost of the product at the epense of responsiveness. As a company may use oth inventory and transportation to increase responsiveness or efficiency, efficiency, the optimal decision for the company often means findin* the ri*ht alance etween the two. -nformation is a driver whose importance has *rown as companies co mpanies have used it to ecome eco me oth more efficient and more responsive. The tremendous *rowth of the importance of information technolo*y is a testimony to the impact information can have on improvin* a company. !ie all the other drivers, however, even with information, companies reach a point when they must mae the tradeEoff etween efficiency and responsiveness. $iff 3 Topic 3.% $rivers of "upply &hain 'erformance 'erformance AA&"( Application of nowled*e +jective !+ 3.3 $iscuss the role of each driver in creatin* creatin* strate*ic fit etween the the supply chain strate*y and the competitive strate*y.
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