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Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the data gathered, the results of the statistical analysis done and interpretation of findings. These are presented in tables following the sequence of the specific research problem regarding the Effectiveness of Beat Patrol System in of San Manuel, Pangasinan.
PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
The first problem of this study focused on the profile of the PNP personnel being assigned in the Police Beat System and the profile of the other respondents in San Manuel, Pangasinan.
Table 2 on the next page presents the profile of the PNP Personnel being assigned in the Police Beat System and the profiles of the other respondents in San Manuel, Pangasinan. The profile of the respondents was tabulated and computed according to the following: classification, age, sex, civil status, religion, educational attainment and occupation.
It can be noted in table 2 that the classification of the respondents, community got the highest frequency of 388 with the percentage of 69 while, police officer got the lowest frequency of 23 with the percentage of 4.
Table 2
Profile of the respondents
PROFILE
F
%
Classification
PNP Officer
23
4
School Personnel
95
17
Community
388
69
Barangay Official
56
10
Age
19yo&younger
11
2
20-40
278
49
41-65
257
46
Older than 65
16
3
Sex
Male
258
46
Female
304
54
Civil Status
Single
95
16.90
Married
415
73.84
Separated/Divorced
21
3.74
Widow/er
31
5.52
Religion
Roman Catholic
440
78.29
Iglesia Ni Cristo
74
13.17
Jehovah's Witness
8
1.42
Born Again
39
6.94
Islam
0
0
Pentecost
1
0.18
Educational Attainment
No Formal Education
4
1
Elementary Undergraduate
6
1
Elementary Graduate
29
5
High School Undergraduate
87
15
High School Graduate
210
37
College Undergraduate
71
13
College Graduate
121
22
Master's Degree
33
6
Doctorate Degree
1
0
Occupation
Farmer
107
19.0
Housekeeper
146
26.0
Self-Employed, Vendor, Businessman
88
15.7
Skilled: Carpenter, Painter, Encoder
53
9.4
Professional: Doctor, Teacher, Engineer, Manager
105
18.7
PNP uniformed personnel
21
3.7
PNP non-uniformed personnel
2
0.4
Driver
16
2.8
Laborer: saleslady, service crew, baby sitter
8
1.4
Student
8
1.4
Barangay Official
6
1.1
Pensioner
2
0.4
According to the study Espejo, et. al., they pointed out that the community and/or stakeholders are more vigilant and observer in the since that they are very curious to their safety. They also pointed out that the police force is not enough to protect the interest of the people in terms of safety. This is seconded by the Chief of San Manuel Police Station. However, they are doing their best to protect the whole community of San Manuel, Pangasinan that is why they have a Beat Patrol System.
Under the age ranging 20-40 years old, it got the highest frequency of 278 and a percentage of 49 while, 19 years old to younger got the lowest frequency of 11 and a percentage of 2. This implies that age ranging 20 to 40 is more dominant compared to the youngsters. Erick Ercikson stated that the individual has hopefully developed a stable identity, he/she moves into the adult world seeking a partner with whom to share work, sex, friendship, and intimate feelings, failing which, she sinks into exclusivity, elitism, isolation, or other forms of non-intimate social relations.
On the other hand, in sex, female got the highest frequency of 304 with a percentage of 54 while, male got the frequency of 258 with a percentage of 46. This indicates that female are more conscious regarding to their safety compared to male. Panopio (2006), he reiterated that female is more focus in their family. It has been said that they are more conscious and they are family oriented.
However, in civil status, married respoondents got the highest frequency of 415 with a percentage of 73.84 while, widow/er got the lowest frequency of 31 with a percentage of 5.52. This implies that that married man is committed to give the basic necessity or physiological needs of man. They tend to find other ways for them to leave in this sinful world. Reyes (2000), stated that married man experiencing some difficulties in their lives because of these difficulties they tend to find some alternative to be able to survive.
In Religion, Roman Catholic got the highest frequency of 440 with a percentage of 78.29 while, Pentecost got the lowest frequency of 1 with a percentage of 0.18. This implies that Roman Catholic dominates religion in the municipality of San Manuel, Pangasinan. These findings can be supported through observation and statistics that the majority of Filipino people believe to the doctrine of Roma Catholica. Bardes and Oldendick (2000), explained that in the course of studying the distribution of opinions among religious denomination, research have found that affiliation with a religion is not a very good predictor of opinion for many individuals. They also stated that Catholics differ considerably from the protestant Evangelicals because their views are considerably more liberal especially on social welfare issues.
Meanwhile, in educational attainment, high school graduate got the highest frequency of 210 with a percentage of 37 while, doctorate degree got the lowest frequency of 1 with the percentage of 0. This indicates that after attending in high school, majority of people of San Manuel cannot send their child in college because of lack of resources.
According to the police officers of this municipality, the reason why they cannot afford to send their child in tertiary after high school is poverty and because of this factor, majority of law violators are high school graduate.
Finally, in occupation, housekeeper got the highest frequency of 146 with a percentage of 26 while, pensioner got the lowest frequency of 2 with the percentage of 0.4. This implies that there is collaboration and/or related to the findings in educational attainment because, if you are high school graduate only you cannot find a decent job or permanent job. The minimum requirement as stated in the job description is at least college graduate. This finding can be supported through observation and based on the crime statistics of the Philippine National Police.
EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICE BEAT SYSTEM IN SAN MANUEL, PANGASINAN
The second problem of this study dealt on the Level of Effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan as perceived by the respondents.
Table 3 on the next page presents the perception of the respondents on the Level of Effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan.
It can be gleaned in the table that the respondents perceived the Level of Effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan is high with the overall average weighted mean of 3.77 as reflected. This implies that stakeholders and/or citizens of San Manuel, Pangasinan is not quite satisfied with the performance of the police officers. As we interviewed the selected citizens and/or stakeholders of San Manuel, Pangasinan they said that Police Beat System is not totally exerting their effort to do their job specially in far-flung areas.
Table 3
Respondent's Perception on the Effectiveness of the Beat Patrol System in San Manuel, Pangasinan
Effectiveness of the Beat System
WM
DE
1 PNP Beat Patrol Officers conducts regular patrol 24/7.
4.03
High
2 Lessen the rate of crime incidence.
4.04
High
3 Interaction with the community.
4.05
High
4 Promote safe atmosphere.
4.00
High
5 Conduct seminars for crime prevention.
3.70
High
6 Discourage would be perpetrators.
3.86
High
7 Immediately respond to crime incidence.
3.90
High
8 Proper deployments of the PNP Personnel in their AOR (Area Of Responsibility).
3.91
High
9 Wearing of proper uniform while on duty (TamangBihis).
4.15
High
10 Provide materials of PCR activities for Patrollers.
3.58
High
11 Properly approach the community for their presence.
3.67
High
12 Doing unnecessary things while on duty (e.g. Texting, Calling, Sleeping).
2.31
Low
13 Responsible to protect life and property.
3.95
High
14 Makes the community understand the objectives of Beat Patrol.
3.59
High
AWM
3.77
High
Legend:
Mean Scale
Description
1.00 - 1.79
Very Low
1.80 - 2.59
Low
2.60 - 3.39
Moderate
3.40 - 4.19
High
4.20 - 5.00
Very High
In the study of Espejo, et. al., (2015), they also got the same perception of the respondent most particularly on the part of the community/ stakeholder. They pointed out that the demand of safety is very high and because of this demand they come up into recommendation that the Philippine National Police should exert their effort and should be vigilant to the wrong doer.
It can be noted in the table that the provided materials for PCR activities of Patrollers makes the community understand the objectives of Beat Patrol, properly approach the community for their presence, conduct seminars for crime prevention, discourage would be perpetrators, immediately respond to crime incidence, proper deployments of the PNP Personnel in their AOR (Area Of Responsibility), responsible to protect life and property, promote safe atmosphere, PNP Beat Patrol Officers conducts regular patrol 24/7, lessen the rate of crime incidence, interaction with the community, and wearing of proper uniform while on duty (Tamang Bihis) are high as reflected in each weighted mean of 3.58 to 4.15, respectively. These indicate that the police officers are doing their job in serving the people of San Manuel, Pangasinan. However, the police officers did not get the highest rate which is very high. This implies that there is lacking on the part of the police officers in San Manuel, Pangasinan. As the Chief of Police Station in San Manuel, Pangasinan the force of police officer in the municipality is not enough to suffice and address the needs of the townspeople most particularly in giving the security and safety of the citizens and/or stakeholders. Hence, they imposed police beat system to lessen the commission of crime at least.
On the other hand, doing unnecessary things while on duty (e.g. Texting, Calling, Sleeping) are low as reflected in its weighted mean of 2.31 and got the lowest average weighted mean. This implies that the Chief of San Manuel Police Station is strict in implementing the rules. According to Flores, et. al., (2015), they proved that texting while working is not advisable while you are in duty and even answering calls which is not an emergency. Through this policy, the police officers can focus on their duty.
SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PERCEPTIONS OF THE CLASS RESPONDENTS ON THE EFFECTIVES OF POLICE BEAT SYSTEM
IN SAN MANUEL, PANGASINAN
The third problem of this study dealt on the significant difference between the perceptions of the class respondent on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan as shown in table 4.
It can be inferred in the table that the computed t value of 0.40 is outside the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that "there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the PNP officers and school personnel on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan" is accepted, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do not significantly differ.
Table 4
Categorized Comparison of Beat Patrol System
Comparison
N
Mean
Mean
Diff.
var.
tC
Df
tT
Decision
PNP Officer versus
23
2.58
0.04
0.142
0.40
116
1.645
Accept
School Personnel
95
2.54
0.363
PNP Officer versus
23
2.58
-0.07
0.142
-0.82
409
1.645
Accept
Community
388
2.65
0.389
PNP Officer versus
23
2.58
-1.45
0.142
-12.59
77
1.645
Reject
Barangay Official
56
4.03
0.377
PNP Officer versus
23
2.58
-1.19
0.142
-14.33
583
1.645
Reject
Overall
562
3.77
0.387
School Personnel versus
95
3.67
1.02
0.363
14.66
481
1.645
Reject
Community
388
2.65
0.389
School Personnel versus
95
3.67
-0.36
0.363
-3.48
149
1.645
Reject
Barangay Official
56
4.03
0.377
School Personnel versus
95
3.67
-0.10
0.363
-1.49
655
1.645
Accept
Overall
562
3.77
0.387
Community versus
388
3.73
-0.30
0.389
-3.40
442
1.645
Reject
Barangay Official
56
4.03
0.377
Community versus
388
3.73
-0.04
0.389
-0.97
948
1.645
Accept
Overall
562
3.77
0.387
Barangay Official versus
56
4.03
0.26
0.377
3.01
616
1.645
Reject
Overall
562
3.77
0.387
However, it can be inferred in the table that the computed t value of -0.82 is outside the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that "there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the PNP officers and community on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan" is accepted, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do not significantly differ.
Moreover, it can be noted in the table that the computed t value of -1.49 is outside the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that "there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the school personnel and overall on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in the Municipality of San Manuel, Pangasinan" is accepted, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do not significantly differ.
Hence, it can be gleaned in the table that the computed t value of -0.97 is outside the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that "there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the community and overall on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan" is rejected, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do significantly differ.
Since, the findings have significant difference between the perceptions of the class respondent on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan, this implies that the respondents do not vary to each other and to the extent that the police officers doing their best to protect the interest of the stakeholder and/or community particularly in giving the safety of the community.
On the other hand, it can be noted in the table the respondents who rejected the perceptions of the respondents on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan.
It can be inferred that the computed t value of -12.59 is outside the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that "there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the police officers and barangay officials on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan" is rejected, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do significantly differ.
Hence, it can be inferred that the computed t value of -14.33 is outside the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that "there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the police officers and overall on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan" is rejected, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do significantly differ.
However, it can be inferred that the computed t value of 14.66 is outside the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that "there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the school personnel and community on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan" is rejected, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do significantly differ.
Meanwhile, it can be gleaned that the computed t value of -3.48 is outside the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that "there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the school personnel and barangay officials on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan" is rejected, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do significantly differ.
Hence, it can be inferred that the computed t value of -3.40 is outside the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that "there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the community and barangay officials on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan" is rejected, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do significantly differ.
Finally, it can be noted that the computed t value of 3.01 is outside the critical region of 1.645, therefore, the null hypothesis which states that "there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the barangay officials and overall on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan" is rejected, meaning, the perceptions of the two groups do significantly differ.
Therefore, there is a significant difference between the perceptions of the class respondent on the effectiveness of Police Beat System in San Manuel, Pangasinan. This implies that the respondents have different perceptions from the other respondents. It indicates through these findings and it proves to the findings of the community. Through this, the researchers conducted interview. Police Officers are reluctant on what may happen and/or occurs. PO3 Flores, pointed out when he was interviewed that the police officers of San Manuel, Pangasinan are trying their best to address the demand of respondents must particularly the school personnel and the community.
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE POLICE BEAT OFFICER WHILE CONDUCTING PATROL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OFSAN MANUEL, PANGASINAN
The fourth problem of this study looks into the problems encountered by the Police Beat Officer while conducting patrol in San Manuel, Pangasinan.
Table 5 on the next page presents the problems encountered by the Police Beat Officer while conducting patrol in San Manuel, Pangasinan as perceived by the respondents.
It can be inferred in the table that the perception of the respondents with regards to the problems encountered by the Police Beat Officer while conducting patrol in San Manuel, Pangasinan is slightly serious as reflected in its overall average weighted mean of 2.38. This implies that problems encountered by the respondents are not much serious, therefore it is good indicator even though the police officers of San Manuel, Pangasinan is experiencing lack of personnel they are exerting their effort for the safety of the stakeholders. In the study of Cabralda, et. al., (2015), they reiterated that lack of police personnel is the common problems entire the Philippines that's why, the Philippine National Police continuing the filing of application for police officer twice a year to address the demand of the police officer.
Table 5
Summary of Problems Encountered Result
Problems Encountered
WM
DE
1 Inadequate number of personnel.
2.91
Serious
2 Lack of Equipment.
2.70
Serious
3 Physical Hazards experience
2.57
Slightly Serious
4 Lack of coordination between the community and the PNP.
2.04
Slightly Serious
5 Lack of cooperation among the community.
2.26
Slightly Serious
6 Lack of appreciation among the PNP Patrollers.
2.17
Slightly Serious
7 Insufficient training and seminar related to the task at hand such as crisis management, self-defense, and basic first aid.
2.22
Slightly Serious
8 Poor Relationship between Police Beat Patrol Unit and community members.
2.13
Slightly Serious
9 Inadequate police communication due to insufficient number of radios (10-111).
2.61
Serious
10 Feeling of indifference of the community towards the Policemen (Public Apathy).
2.22
Slightly Serious
AWM
2.38
Slightly Serious
Legend:
Mean Scale
Description
1.00 - 1.79
Not Serious
1.80 - 2.59
Slightly Serious
2.60 - 3.39
Serious
3.40 - 4.19
Much Serious
4.20 - 5.00
Very Much Serious
It can be also noted in the table that the lack of coordination between the community and the PNP, poor Relationship between Police Beat Patrol Unit and community members, lack of appreciation among the PNP Patrollers, feeling of indifference of the community towards the Policemen (Public Apathy), insufficient training and seminar related to the task at hand such as crisis management, self-defense, and basic first aid, lack of cooperation among the community, Physical Hazards experience, inadequate police communication due to insufficient number of radios (10-111), lack of equipment and adequate number of personnel are slightly serious as reflected to the descriptive equivalent of 2.04 to 2.91, respectively. These indicate that the community and other respondents appreciate the working output of the police officers of San Manuel, Pangasinan. Somehow, the police officers of San Manuel, Pangasinan come up into another plan for them to be able to serve well the stakeholders and/or community of this municipality to become number one public servant entire Pangasinan and if possible entire the Philippines. According to Tradio (2002), police visibility or omni presence is the most ideal practice of the law enforcer that needs to observe and at least lessen the commission of crime.
