Chapter 6 – In Sunny Spain Rizal decided to complete his studies in Spain after his 4 th year of the medical course in UST. Rizal’s Secret Mission - To observe the the European nations nations for the ff: a. The The lif life e and and cult cultur ure e b. Lang Langua uage ges s and and cust custom oms s c. Indu Indust stri ries es and and com comme merc rce e d. Gove Govern rnme ment nts s and and laws laws Secret Departure for Spain departure were the ff: Those who knew of Rizal’s departure a. Paciano (brother) b. Uncle Antonio Rivera c. Neneng and Lucia (sisters) d. The The Val Valen enzu zuel ela a Fa Family mily (Cap (Capit itan an Juan Juan,, Cap Capit itan ana a San Sanda day, y, Oran Orang) g) e. Pedro Paterno f. Mateo Evangelista (compare) g. Aten Ateneo eo Jesu Jesuit its s – gave gave lett letter ers s of reco recomm mmen enda dati tion on to memb member ers s of of soc socie iety ty in Barcelona h. Jose M. Cecilio/ Chengoy (friend) Rizal used the name Jose Mercado. Before leaving, he left a letter for his parents and hi sweetheart Leonor Rivera. Rivera. May 3, 1882 – Rizal departed for SINGAPORE on board the steamer SALVADORA Singapore Donato Lecha – Ship captain from Asturias, Spain befriended Rizal May 9, 1882 – arrival at Singapore Hotel de Paz – hotel where Rizal stayed while in Singapore for 2 days From Singapore to Colombo DJEMNAH – French steamer that Rizal rode after leaving Singapore ; It sailed through Colombo, capital of Ceylon(Now Sri Lanka) which impressed Rizal due to it’s scenic beauty and elegant buildings. First trip through Suez Canal Djemnah contin continued ued to sail sail across across the Indian Indian Ocean Ocean Cape of Guarda Guardafui, fui, Africa Africa The Djemnah stopover at Aden City City of Suez, Red Sea terminal of Suez Canal Port Said, Mediterranean terminal of Suez Canal The trip took 5 days Naples and Marseilles. The Djemnah passed the Italian City Naples and finally docked at Merseilles. Merseilles. From Merseilles, Rizal left for Barcelona and arrived on June 16, 1882. 1882. He enjoyed walking along Las Ramblas, Ramblas, the most famous street in Barcelona. Rizal met some Filipinos, some who were classmates in Ateneo. They gave Rizal a welcome party. “Amor Patrio”(Love Patrio”(Love of Country ) • Nationalistic essay by Rizal, written in Barcelona under pen name Laong Laan. Laan. It was st sent to his friend Basilio Teodoro Moran, publisher of Dairiong Tagalog, 1 Manila biligual newspaper and published on Augugst 20, 1882. 1882 . In the essay, Rizal urged his compatriots to love their fatherland. Other articles for Diariong Tagalog: a. Los Vi Viajes(Travels) b. Revi Revisi sita ta de Madr Madrid id – retu return rned ed to him him due due to to end end of of pub publi lica cati tion on of of the the newspaper Manila moves to Madrid Rizal received news from Paciano’s letter about the cholera epidemic in Manila and other provinces. Chengoy wrote a letter to Rizal about the unhappiness of Leonor Rivera. Paciano, in one of his letters, advised Rizal to continue his studies in Madrid. •
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Life in Madrid Rizal enrolled at Universidad Central de Madrid in 2 courses: Medicine and Philosophy and letters. He studied painting at the Academy of Fine Arts of san Fernando, studies French, German and English, and practiced fencing and shooting. Spartan Life in Madrid: Rizal lived frugally. On Saturday evenings, he visited Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey who lived with son(Rafael), and daughter(Consuelo). Don Pablo Ortiga has been a city mayor in Manila and was promoted to vice-president of the Council of the Philippines in the Ministry of Colonies. Romance with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez Rizal was attracted to consuelo’s beauty and vivacity. However before their relationship became a serious affair,their romance since: He was still engaged to Leonor His friend is in love with Consuelo “They Ask Me For Verses” Circulo Hispano-Filipino - a society of Spaniards and Filipinos in which Rizal joined shortly after arriving in Madrid. He wrote the poem “Me Piden Versos” (They Ask Me For Verses) upon request of the members. Rizal as Lover of Books Uncle Tom’s Cabin and The Wandering Jew were two books that around his sympathy for oppressed and unfortunate people. Rizal’s First Visit to Paris (1883) Rizal as a Mason He joined the Masonic lodge in Acacia in Madrid. His reasons for joining was to secure Freemasonry’s aid in his fight against the friars in the Philippines. He became a Master Mason but was not very active in the activities. “Sciene, Virtue and Labor” – only Masonic writing contribution Financial Worries Due to hard times in Calamba, Rizal’s monthly allowances were late in arrival. Paciano had to sell Rizal’s pony to send money to Madrid. •
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Rizal’s Salute to Luna and Hidalgo
He attended and gave a speech in a banquet sponsored by Filipino community to celebrate the victory of Luna’s Spolarium as 1st prize and Hidalgo’s Christian Virgins exposed to the Populace as 2 nd prize in the National Exposition of the Fine Arts in Madrid. •
Rizal involved in Student Demonstrations
Dr. Miguel Morayta, history professor, who proclaimed “the freedom of science and the teacher” in an opening ceremony was condemned and excommunicated by Spanish bishops along with the audience who applauded him. This triggered the bloody riots by the students of Central University. The rector of the university supported the students; thus, he was replaced by Dr. Creus, who was disliked by everyone. More student demonstrations continued. •
Studies Completed in Spain.
Rizal was awarded the degree of Licentiate in Medicine and Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid on June 21, 1884.
He became a full-fledged physician and was qualified to be a professor in Humanities in any Spanish University.
He did not pursue the degree of Doctor in Medicine because it was only good for teaching purposes.
He believed that the Spanish friars in the Philippines would not grant him a position in a university due to his brown color and ancestry.