Clinical Biochemistry past paper

Clinical Biochem MCQ’S

1. Quality Quality Assuranc Assurance e of laboratory laboratory work is provided provided by which which one of the following? following? a) Interna Internall Standa Standardi rdisat sation ion b) Et Eterna ernall Stan Standar dardis disati ation on c) Au Autto!a o!ation tion d) Increas Increasing ing Sa!p Sa!ple le "ol "olu!e u!e #. $o!!on $o!!on test tests s carried carried out out on blood blood sa!ple sa!ples s following% a) Anea!ia b) &iabetes c) 'eu 'eukae!ia d) (e (eni nin ngi gittis

do not  include  include

which

one of

. &uring &uring differential differential diagnos diagnosis* is* the differenti differentiation ation stage stage !eans which which following? a) (oni (onito tori ring ng Sy!p Sy!pto to!s !s b) +aking king a fa!i fa!ily ly histo history ry c) ,rop ,ropos osal al of a dis disea ease se d) +esti sting ng to diagn diagnose ose disea disease se

the

one of

the

-. +he neuroendo neuroendocrine crine response/ response/ in in trau!a trau!a results results in which of the the following? following? a) Increased Increased insulin insulin levels* levels* decreased decreased adrenalin adrenalin levels* levels* decreased decreased heart rate and increased breathing rate b) &ecreased &ecreased insulin insulin levels* levels* decreased decreased adrenalin adrenalin levels* levels* decreased heart heart rate and increased breathing rate c) &ecrea &ecreased sed insulin insulin levels* levels* increased increased adrenali adrenalin n levels* levels* increased increased heart rate rate and increased breathing rate d) Increased Increased insulin insulin levels* levels* increased increased adrenalin adrenalin levels* levels* increased increased heart rate rate and increased breathing rate 0. &uring &uring the ebb phase phase of trau!a trau!a there is a gradua graduall increase increase in the plas!a plas!a concentrations of lactate. hich one of the following best describes the reason for this? a) Increased Increased glycogen glycogenesis esis and and aerobic glyco glycolysi lysis s in !uscle !uscle b) Increa Increased sed glyc glycogenol ogenolysis ysis and anaerob anaerobic ic glyco glycolysi lysis s in !uscl !uscle. e. c) Increased Increased glycogenol glycogenolysis ysis and anaerobic anaerobic glycolysi glycolysis s in liver liver. d) Increased Increased glycogen glycogenesis esis and and anaerobic anaerobic glycoly glycolysis sis in !uscle !uscle 2. +he alterati alterations ons in protein protein !etabolis! !etabolis! associat associated ed with the flow/ flow/ phase of the the trau!a response is due to which one of the following% a) An increas increase e in the insuli insulin n to glucagon glucagon ratio ratio b) An increase increase in in the insuli insulin n to cortiso cortisoll ratio ratio c) An decrease decrease in the the insulin insulin to cortiso cortisoll ratio ratio d) An decrease decrease in in the insul insulin in to glucago glucagon n ratio ratio

3. +u!ours +u!ours in patients with with cacheia predo!inantly use use glucose anaerobically* anaerobically* for which one of the following reasons? a) +he tu!o tu!our ur has has a poor poor oygen oygen supply supply b) +he tu!our tu!our is !etabolical !etabolically ly adapted adapted to the anaerobic anaerobic utilisation utilisation of glucose glucose c) Anaerobic Anaerobic utilisa utilisation tion of glucose glucose is energetical energetically ly !ore efficie efficient nt

d) +he patient patient also probabl probably y has anoreia anoreia and a vita!i vita!in n deficiency deficiency 4. hich hich one of the the following following about about cancer cancer cachei cacheia a is not true? a) It is reversed reversed by the the surgical surgical re!ova re!ovall of the tu!our tu!our b) +he etent etent of the the cacheia cacheia is not not predicted predicted by tu!our tu!our si5e si5e c) $ache $acheia ia is over overco!e co!e by by total total parentera parenterall nutrition nutrition d) $acheia $acheia is often often associa associated ted with anorei anoreia* a* but this this is not the cause cause 6. +he weight weight loss loss in a cancer cancer cachei cacheia a is a result result of which which a) 7tili5 7tili5ati ation on of glyco glycogen gen reserv reserves es b) 7tili5ati 7tili5ation on eclusi eclusively vely of fat fat reserves reserves c) 7tili5ati 7tili5ation on eclus eclusivel ively y of !uscular !uscular protein protein d) 7til 7tili5ati i5ation on of both fat reserves reserves and and !uscular !uscular protein protein

one of

the following%

18. +he 9arburg effect: identified identified which one of the following? a) +he !etabolic !etabolic adaptat adaptation ion of tu!ours tu!ours for the aerobic aerobic utili5atio utili5ation n of glucose b) +he !etabolic !etabolic adaptat adaptation ion of tu!ours tu!ours for the anaerobic anaerobic utili5ati utili5ation on of glucose glucose c) +he !etabolic !etabolic adapta adaptation tion of tu!ours tu!ours for for the aerobic aerobic utili5ati utili5ation on of fat d) +he !etabolic !etabolic adaptat adaptation ion of tu!ours tu!ours for the anaerobic anaerobic utili5ati utili5ation on of fat 11. ,rotein tu!our !arkers are routinely detected detected using which one of the following following techni;ues? a) est estern ern blot blotti ting ng b) E'ISA c) $(> stag stagin ing g syst syste! e! b) +he +he $(' $(' stag stagin ing g syst syste! e! c) +h +he e +(> +(> sta stagi ging ng sys syste te! ! d) +he +he +(' +(' stag stagin ing g syst syste! e! 1-. hich one of the following state!ents state!ents best describes the negative negative nitrogen balance after a surgical operation? a) It is larg largely ely due due to reduce reduced d >inta >intake ke b) It is benefi beneficia ciall for wound woundhea healin ling g c) It can can be sti!ulat sti!ulated ed by parenteral parenteral nutrition nutrition d) It is largely largely related related to to cortiso cortisoll secretion secretion 10. +he tissue in the body with the highest basal !etabolic rate @(B) is% a) Ceart b) Didney c) rain d) (uscle 12. ,arenteral fluids provide provide the body with which one of the following? a) An Anti tibi biot otic ics s b) Saline c) So Sour urce ces s of of ene energ rgy y d) ,ain rel reliief 

13. Assu!ing no unusual losses* approi!ately approi!ately what percentage of daily nitrogen loss is represented by the #-h urea urinary concentration? a) 188 b) 60 c) 68 d ) 4 0 14. ith reference to renal function* which one of the following state!ents is correct? a) +he kidneys ecrete waste waste products of !etabolis! b) +he kidneys kidneys produce #0hydro #0hydroy y vita!in & c) +he kidneys kidneys ecrete ecrete essential essential !etabolites !etabolites d) +he kidneys kidneys secrete secrete aldosterone aldosterone 16. +he kidneys kidneys do not reabsorb which one of the following% a)
d) Antidiuret Antidiuretic ic vasopress vasopressin in @A" @A",) ,) #2. +he criteria for acute* evolving or recent !yocardial infarction infarction include which one of the following? a) Sy Sy!pt !pto!s o!s of of cardi cardiac ac ishae ishae!ia !ia b) EE EE< < cha chang nges es c) +ypical +ypical rise and and gradual gradual fall fall of plas!a plas!a a!ylas a!ylase e d) Bise in atrial atrial natriuretic natriuretic peptide peptide @A>,) @A>,) #3. Belease of which one of the following en5y!es is >H+ used to diagnose a !yocardial infarction? a) AS+ b) A'+ c) $D( d) 'actat 'actate e dehydr dehydroge ogenas nase e #4. +he liver plays a central central role in which one of the following% a) Sy Synth nthesi esis s of i!!un i!!unogl oglobu obulin lins s b) &eg &egrad radati ation on of alb albu!i u!in n c) 7rea 7rea ecr ecret etio ion n d)
8. hich hich one of the following is >H+ an intrahepatic cause of liver da!age? a) $irrho rhosis b) 'esion c) Ce Cepa pati tic c tu!o tu!our ur d) H+ a type of Jaundice? a) Cae! Cae!ol olyt ytic ic b) Cy Cype perk rkal alae ae!i !ic c c) $hol $holes esta tattic d) Cepat Cepatoc ocel ellu lula larr #. =a!ilial =a!ilial hypercholesterolae!ia @hyperlipidae!ia) @hyperlipidae!ia) can be cause by which the following? a) A hig high h fat fat diet diet b) Hbesity c) (ut (utati ations ons in the the '&' '&' rec recept eptor or d) (utati (utations ons in in the the C&' C&' recept receptor or

one of

. hich hich one of the following proteins has the highest cholesterol contents? a) "'&' b) I&' c) '&' d) C&'

-. hy is electrophoresis of lipoproteins carried out at pC 4? a) +o give all all the lipoprot lipoproteins eins a negati negative ve charge charge b) +o give all all the lipoprot lipoproteins eins a positi positive ve charge charge c) +o re!ov re!ove e the lipid lipid fro! fro! the the protei proteins ns d) +o precipitat precipitate e the the lipoprotein lipoproteins s 0. +he !aJor site of biosynthesis biosynthesis of cholesterol is in which a) S! S!al alll inte intest stin ine e b) lood c) 'iver d) Didney

one of

the following%

2. hich hich one of the following describes the !ode of action of the statin drugs? a) +hey inhibi inhibitt the cyclisat cyclisation ion of s;ualene s;ualene b) +hey inhibit inhibit acetyl acetyl $oA convers conversion ion to acetoa acetoacetyl cetyl $oA c) +hey inhibi inhibitt C(< $oA conve conversion rsion to !eval !evalonate onate d) +hey inhibit inhibit conve conversion rsion of lanesterol lanesterol to to 5i!osterol 5i!osterol 3. hen assessing acidbase acidbase status of a patient* patient* which considered? KCLM to KC$H M a) ,$H# b) KCLM* KC$HM and ,$H # c) KCLM and KHCM d)

one of

the following !ust be

4. hich hich one of the following is >H+ a cause of !etabolic acidosis? a) Increas Increased ed product production ion of hydrog hydrogen en ions b) &ec &ecrea reased sed resp respira iratio tion n rate rate c) I!pair I!paired ed ecret ecretion ion funct function ion of kidn kidneys eys d) 'oss 'oss of bica bicarbo rbonat nate e in the the urine urine 6. hich hich one of the following correctly describes the anion gap? a) It is the differenc difference e between the the levels levels of sodiu! sodiu! and potassi potassiu! u! ions b) It is the differenc difference e between the the levels levels of chloride chloride and bicarbon bicarbonate ate ions c) It is the su! of of sodiu! sodiu! and potassiu! potassiu! ions* ions* !inus !inus the su! of chlori chloride de and bicarbonate ions d) It is the su! of of sodiu! sodiu! and potassiu! potassiu! ions ions plus the the su! of chloride chloride and and bicarbonate ions -8. $ollagen is a fibrous protein. hich one of the following is NOT a property of fibrous proteins? a) +he secondary secondary struct structure ure is the the do!inant do!inant structur structural al !otif  !otif  b) +he protein proteins s have have great tensile tensile strengt strength h c) +he protein proteins s !ust !ust alwa always ys be alph alphahel ahelical ical d) +he proteins proteins often often contain contain repeati repeating ng a!ino a!ino acid se;uenc se;uences es -1. +ropocollagen +ropocollagen is defined as which which a) ,ri! ,ri!ar ary y str struc uctu ture re b) Se Seco cond ndar ary y struc structu ture re c) +ertia rtiary ry str struc uctu ture re d) Qu Quat atern ernar ary y struct structur ure e

one of

the following levels of structure?

-#. hich type of Hsteogenesis i!perfecta produces nor!al collagen proteins* Just lower levels than nor!al? a) +ype l

b) +ype llll c) +ype lllll d) +ype l" l" -. hich one of the following definitions definitions best describes the structure structure of hae!oglobin? a) It is a hep hepta ta!e !err b) It contains contains repeating repeating a!ino a!ino acid se;uences se;uences c) It has so!e so!e alphahel alphahelical ical and and so!e betas betasheet heet subuni subunits ts d) It is is all all alpha alphahel helic ical al --. +he !utation of hae!oglobin which causes sickle cell anae!ia anae!ia is best described by which one of the following? a) Beplace!e Beplace!ent nt of a charged charged residue residue by by a hydrophob hydrophobic ic residue residue b) Bepl Beplace!e ace!ent nt of a hydroph hydrophobic obic residue residue by a charg charged ed residue residue c) Substi Substitut tution ion of of a buri buried ed resid residue ue d) A conser conserved ved surf surface ace !uta !utatio tion n

-0. In the diagnosis of Sickle Sickle $ell anae!ia* BOTH the solubility test and sickling test !ust contain which one of the following reagents? a) A hae!o hae!oglo globin bin specif specific ic dye dye b) A de detergen c) An oid oidis isin ing g rea reagen gentt d) A redu reduci cing ng age agent nt -2. If a patient was diagnosed with Sickle $ell +rai +rait* t* which describe their genotype? a) CbAA b ) C b AS c) CbSS d) CbSc

one of

the following would

-3. hich hich one of the following is true? a) Accu Accuracy racy is is a !easure !easure of closene closeness ss to the the true value value b) Accuracy Accuracy is is a !easure !easure of precisi precision on of a !easure! !easure!ent ent c) ,recision ,recision is is a !easure !easure of closeness closeness to to the true true value value d) Accuracy Accuracy is is a co!posit co!posite e !easure !easure of reproduci reproducibili bility ty -4. +he !olar etinction coefficient coefficient for peroynitrite is 1238. hat hat is the concentration of a solution of peroynitrite with an absorbance value of 8 .? a) #!!olNl b) 0!!olNl c) 8. 8.!! !!ol olNNl d) 8. 8.#! #!!o !ollNl -6. Oou are are provided with 13-!l of 8. solution of sodiu! chloride. +he !olecular weights of sodiu! and chlorine are # and 0 respectively. Cow !any millimoles of sodiu! chloride does your solution contain? a) 08 b) 0 c) 8.0 d) 8.80 08. ith respect to the !etabolic affects affects of insulin* insulin* which one of the following is =A'SE%

a) b) c) d)

Insuli Insulin n inhibits inhibits glucon gluconeoge eogenes nesis is Insuli Insulin n inhibi inhibits ts glycoge glycogenol nolysi ysis s Insuli Ins ulin n inhibit inhibits s glycoge glycogen n synthes synthesis is Insuli Insulin n activa activates tes glyc glycoly olysis sis

01. hich hich one of the following of a tu!our !arker are essential? a) It should should have have a fairly fairly consta constant nt half half life life b) It should should correlate correlate with with tu!our tu!our !ass !ass or progress progress of the the tu!our tu!our c) It should should be easil easily y detected detected in a biopsy biopsy or blood blood sa!ple sa!ple d) All All of of the the abov above e

0#. hich hich one of the following patients is !ost likely to have a positive nitrogen balance? a) Elderl Elderly y !aln !alnouri ourishe shed d !ale !ale b) urn urns s vict victi! i! c) ,r ,reg egna nant nt fe fe!a !ale le d) Elderl Elderly y fe!ale fe!ale after after surger surgery y 0. An increase in seru! levels of which one of the following en5y!es would indicate cholestatic liver disease? a) Alk Alkali aline ne ,ho ,hosph sphata atase se b) Alanin Alanine e +r +ransa! ansa!ina inase se c) Aspart Aspartate ate +ransa! ansa!ina inase se d) $rea $reati tine ne Dina Dinase se