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Metode Pelaksanaan Instalasi Fire Alarm
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PROJECT REPORT FIRE ALARM Submitted To Submitted By Vishal Sabahia Kumar
Vishal Roll No.
429 (10) Batch Code. 0610
FIRE ALARM This project is in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Jetking Certified Hardware And Networking Professional
Project Guide ………………..
Submitted by
………………..
Session
……………………
CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the following student ………………
Has successfully completed the project titled Fire Alarm As partial fulfillment for the award of JETKING CERTIFIED HARDWARE AND NETWORKING PROFESSIONAL
Certified by:
Project Guide
H.O.D
Acknowledgement It is with pleasure that I find myself penning down these lines to express our sincere thanks to various people to help us along the Fire Alarm. way in completing this project of Fire Alarm.
I must express my deepest appreciation to …………………as our project guide who really provided me with the required information for this project and without her help this project would not have been completed. We are also thankful to our parents who helped us in doing this project.
CONTENTS
Introduction Circuit Description Parts Description Working Parts list References Application and Cost
INTRODUCTION
To unde unders rsta tand nd the the conc concep eptt of comp comput uter er hard hardwa ware re the the knowledge of electronics is must. The project that I have chosen for understanding the concept of electronics is a fire alarm. Apart from being exposed towards the working of the various parts of the electronics systems, the project has the significance that it can be used to detect the fire.
The fire alarm works on the dc voltage. The main part of the the cir circui cuit is the IC 555 555 tim timer that that is used used as the ast astabl able mult multiv ivib ibra rato tor. r. The The 555 555 time timerr prod produc uces es the the timi timing ng puls pulses es.. Whenever the fire generates on the sensors the circuit of the timer gets completed and the IC produces the pulses, which can be heard as sound from the loudspeaker.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The fire alarm circuit consists of four main sections:
Supply section
Sensor section
Amplifier section
Output section
Supply Section
The supply section consists of a 6V-battery voltage. Instead one can also use a step down transformer which converts 220 V ac to 6 V ac. followed by a rectifier diode, which converts ac to rippled dc.
Sensor section
The sensor element is connected in this project which senses the heat due to fire and converts this into electrical signal, which are further amplified by the amplifier section.
Amplifier section In this section transistor SL 100 is connected with the 3rd pin of timer 555.When the sens sensor or give give the the elec electri trical cal puls pulsee to the the time timerr then then the the O/P O/P of this this muti mutivi vibr brat ator or is amplified by this transistor and feed to the loudspeaker.
Astable Multivibrator section Ic -555 -555 is wo work rkin ing g as asta astabl ble e multi multivi vibr brat ator or in this this pro project ject.I .Its ts pin diagr iagra am is given iven belo below w & its its pin pin description is given here.
Ground
1
8
VCC
Trigger
2
7
Discharge
Output
3
6
Threshold
Reset
4
5
Control voltage
Output Section
555 TIMER
The output section consists of a transistor & speaker, the transistor amplifies the signal from the pin no. 3 of the 555 timer. The amplified signal from the transistor is heard from the speaker speaker connected at the collector of the transistor.
PARTS DETAIL
Resistance: Resistance is the property of the material by which it opposes the flow of curre current nt .The .The unit unit of resis resista tanc ncee is ohms ohms.. The The circu circuit it uses uses 3 carbon compositio composition n resistances whose value can be found using the color coding.
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
For testing: 1.
Fix Fix the the give given n res resis isto torr on on the the brea breadb dboa oard rd..
2.
Set Set the Mult MultiM iMet eter er in the the Ohm meter meter rang rangee and conn connec ectt the Ohm Ohm meter meter leads leads across the resistor.
3.
Open/S Open/Sho hort rt of the the resisto resistorr is shown shown by infi infinit nite/ze e/zero ro resist resistanc ancee in the meter meter
Capacitor:- Capacitor has ability to store charge and release them at a later time. Capacitance is the measure of the amount of charge that a capacitor can store for a given applied voltage. The unit of capacitance is the farad (F) or microfarad. The capacitors used in the circuit are an electrolytic capacitor. The value and voltage rating of the electrolytic capacitor can be directly read from the capacitor itself.
1000 µ f
Capacitance
16 V Voltage rating
The electrolytic capacitor should be used with proper polarity. In the circuit the electrolytic capacitor is used as a bypass capacitor. Any noise variation in the circuit is removed by the capacitor.
For testing: 1.
Fix Fix the the giv given en cap capac acit itor or on on the the bread breadbo board ard..
2.
Set Set the the mete meterr in the the hig highe hest st Ohm’ Ohm’ss ran range ge..
3.
Conn Connect ect the the ohm ohm met meter er lead leadss acro across ss the the cap capac acit itor or..
4.
For a good good capacit capacitor or the the meter meter will sho show w low resi resista stance nce init initiall ially y and then then to to higher resistance.
5.
Infini Infinite/ te/zero zero resi resista stance nce in in the mete meterr shows shows Open/ Open/sho short rt of the the capac capacito itor. r.
Printed circuit board: The printed circuit board is a sheet of insulating material (Bakelite) on which a copper clad coating is done. The circuit is printed on the PCB. The circuit uses sensor called stator .
Transistor:
The transistor is a semiconductor device.It has two applications
•
As an amplifier.
•
As a switch
For testing: 1.
Set Set the the mult multim imet eter er at at dio diode de rang range. e.
2.
When When +ve +ve lead lead of mult multime imeter ter is connec connected ted with with the P type type materia materiall of the the transistor and –ve lead of multimeter is connected with the central lead of transistor.If multimeter shows continuity then it will be PNP transistor.
3.
For ident identify ifying ing the the collect collector or and emitt emitter er leads leads of the transi transisto storr the multim multimer er shows shows high reading for emitter lead .
Speaker: Loudspeaker converts electric audio signals into sound energy. The speaker is a transducer; one in a family of devices which converts one form of energy into another. The permanent magnet of speaker is made of mixture of Aluminum, Aluminum, Nickel and Cobalt and is known as ALNICO Magnet. The audio signal current fed to voice coil set up a moving magnetic field about the voice coil. This interacts with fixed magnetic field and results in vibratory motion of voice coil and hence the speaker cones. The rate of vibration of speaker cone is determined by frequency audio. The rate of how far the cone moves depends on amplitude of audio current speaker cone moves. The air surrounding it produces the sound.
WORKING
When the fire generates the sensor senses the heat and converts this into electrical signal. This signal is the I/P for the timer circuit. And timer circuit generates pulses according to the R-C time constant. These pulses are of week strength, which are thus amplified by the transistor and finally fed to the loudspeaker, which produce sound. So we can say that this project gives the indication of fire through loudspeaker. The timer works in Monostable State. It works only when it triggered by the pulse from the sensor. It has only one stable state. The capacitor C3 is used for grounding the unwanted signal or noise from the speaker. This project works on 6V-dc supply.
PARTS LIST S.NO.
Parts list
Value
1.
Capacitor C 1
10KPF 400V
2.
Capacitor C2
272PF 400 V
3.
Capacitor C3
1000 micro F 16V
4.
Resistance R1
10 KOHM
5.
Resi Resist stan ance ce R2 & R3
12 OHM OHM
6.
TR1
SL100
7.
IC 1
555
8.
Speaker
62 MM
9.
Fire Fire Sens Sensor or Star Starte ter r
10.
Printe Printed d PCB
REFERENCES: The reference of this project is gathered from ELECTRONICS from ELECTRONICS FOR YOU and ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE . The most important i.e. the testing of components is gathered from the reference book TESTING OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS .
APPLICATION AND COST
The project The project if of small sizes so it is portable 2. It can be fitted to those places where is the danger of fire like in kitchen. 3. Can be taken to anywhere because it works on 6V dc 4. The cost of mine project is RS. 75/1.