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GROUP 14
CHEM ENG 3023: Chem Eng Unit Ops Lab Preliminary KIN1: Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR e!"erimental desi#n$
Grou" leader: (a11+,-1. Grou" mem&ers:
%i##in&ot'am )att'e*
/iu %ui N$ (a110+- Go' C'in %o* (a12100 3ue date: 1 Se"tme&er 211 5!"eriment to &e conducted: 2 Se"tem&er 211 3emonstrator: 5ric /i67en %su
5!"erimental Code
Grou" leader
Matthe w Higginb otham 1195318
H!i N Li! 1179322
Chin How Goh 1201772
)arks Re"ort: s"eci8c o&9ecties; releant t'eory; correct o"eration "rocedure; correct ta&les
KIN 1 ,
Grou" No$
14
4
-
1
"im:
T'e KIN1 continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR e!"eriment aims to determine t'e reaction order and rate constant
#a$%g&o!n' an' (igni)$an$e: C'emical reactors are a u&i=uitous "iece o< tec'nolo#y *it'in t'e c'emical "rocessin# industry em"loyed *'ereer a c'emical transectie o"eration o< any reactor re=uires a t'orou#' understandin# o< reaction kinetics and &e'aiour$ T'e KIN1 CSTR e!"eriment uses t'e 'ydrolysis o< et'yl acetate ia sodium 'ydro!ide as a e'icle *it' *'ic' to e!"lore and deelo" an understandin# o< reaction kinetics$
*e+e,ant -heo&.: ?ase 'ydrolysis o< et'yl acetate T'e &ase 'ydrolysis o< et'yl acetate may &e *ritten as
−¿
−¿ → EtOH + Ac ¿ ¿ EtAc + OH Under &asic conditions t'e reaction is considered irreersi&le and may &e 8rst or second order$ @or
−¿ ¿
OH
¿ r = k ¿ 1
−¿ ¿
OH
¿ −¿
¿
OH
¿ ¿ r = k ¿ 2
A steady state mass &alance on t'e 'ydro!ide ion #ies
−¿¿
OH
¿ −¿
¿
OH
¿ ¿ v¿ Be also 'ae t'e s"ace time (
V v
%ence
−¿¿
OH
¿ −¿
¿
OH
¿ ¿ ¿
Com&inin# (3) *it' e=uations (1) and (2) #ies −¿ ¿ OH ¿ −¿ ¿
OH ¿ −¿
¿
OH ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
And
−¿¿
OH
¿ −¿
¿
OH
¿ −¿
¿
OH
¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
2
It
OH ¿ −¿
¿
Ac ¿ κ =¿
A mole &alance #ies:
+¿¿
Na
¿ −¿
¿
OH
¿ ¿ ¿ −¿¿
Ac
¿ −¿
¿
OH
¿ −¿
¿
OH
¿ ¿ ¿ Com&inin# e=uations 0 and . yields
−¿ ¿
OH
¿ −¿
¿
OH
¿ ¿ ( i +i ) ¿ κ ¿ ¿ 0
Na
Ac
Or
−¿¿
OH
¿ ¿ B'ere A is a constant t'at can &e determined ia cali&ration$
"ppa&at!s an' Mate&ia+s: E/!ipment Name Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR$
!n$tion Contains and mi!es reactants allo*in# reaction
"''itiona+ Ino&mation Com"osed o< a $/ Pers"e! tank containin# t*in a#itators and an im"eller reactant inlets "roduct
to reac' sam"le stream and drain stream$ e=uili&rium$ ! A?? )easure and )easurement taken as a "ercenta#e S"'erical &all mani"ulate o< t'e
Mate&ia+ Sodium %ydro!ide (NaO% solution$ 5t'yl Acetate (5t Ac Solution Sodium AcetateSodium %ydro!ide Solution (NaO%Ac Solution 3istilled *ater (%O
(pe$i)$ations 2$1) Stock solution$ 2$2,) Reactor
Used in t'e dilution o< Stock solutions to "roduce cali&ration solutions$ -ab+e 2: )aterials
&o$e'!&e: Start6u" "rocedure 1$ C'eck t'at t'ere is com"ressed air su""lied to t'e a""aratus and t'at t'e air su""ly ale on t'e *estern *all o< t'e la&oratory is o"en$ $ Close t'e reactant tank air &leed ale$ Slo*ly o"en t'e reactant tank air su""ly ale allo*in# t'e reactant "osition$ Record stand solution conductiity$ -$ @lus' t'e cell *it' "ure *ater and re"eat
Turn t'e as"irator o> Turn t'e conductiity meter o> at t'e *all Close t'e reactant tank air su""ly ale Gently close reactant control ales to reduce reactant Ho* to Lero Slo*ly o"en t'e reactant tank air &leed ale O"en t'e reactor drain ale and drain t'e reactor Turn t'e -6*ay ale to t'e conductiity sam"le line turn t'e as"irator on and clean *ater t'rou#' t'e Ho* cell$ /eae t'e cell "osition$
(aet. an' *is% "ssessment: T'e c'emicals used in t'is e!"eriment "ose a num&er o< risks care s'ould &e e!ercised *'en 'andlin# all solutions$ C'emical s"illa#es "ose &ot' a c'emical and sli" 'aLard and s'ould &e re"orted to t'e e!"eriment su"erisor immediately$ Sa
Epe$te' *es!+ts: Cali&ration o< t'e conductiity cell *ill yield a relations'i" &et*een 'ydro!ide ion concentration and conductiity o<:
−¿ ¿
OH
¿ −¿
¿
OH
¿ ¿ ( i +i ) ¿ κ ¿ ¿ 0
Na
Ac
As detailed in t'e releant t'eory section it is e!"ected t'at results *ill 8t eit'er 8rst or second order kinetics$ T'is *ill "resent as a linear relations'i" &et*een
−¿¿
OH
¿ −¿
¿
OH
¿ −¿ or ¿
OH
¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
−¿ ¿ OH ¿ −¿ ¿
OH ¿ −¿
¿
OH ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
and s"ace time "assin# t'rou#' t'e ori#in
second order kinetics res"ectiely$ Nomen$+at!&e:
i molar conductiities M1 cm61/mol61 k1 rate constant s 61 k rate constant /mol 61s61 r reaction rate mol/61s61 reactor olume / v
reactor
τ
reactor residence time s
conductiity M 1 cm61 *ee&en$es:
)ann U$ (22 Reactor Technology, Kirk6Ot'mer 5ncyclo"edia o< C'emical Tec'nolo#y 7o'n Biley and Sons 'an# % (211 Chemical Engineering Unit Oeration! "a#oratory $ro%ect! &an'al, 3e"artment o< C'emical 5n#ineerin# Uniersity o< Adelaide un"u&lis'ed$
5ata ent&. sheets: Cali&ration
One NaO% conc$ () 2$2, 2$2,2 2$20, 2$122
Conductiity (mScm
Tem"erature (QC
NaO%NaAc conc$ () 2$2, 2$2,2 2$20, 2$122
Conductiity (mScm
Tem"erature (QC
NaO% conc$ () 2$2, 2$2,2 2$20, 2$122
Conductiity (mScm
Tem"erature (QC
NaO%NaAc conc$ () 2$2, 2$2,2 2$20, 2$122
Conductiity (mScm
Tem"erature (QC
-wo
Reaction data Reactant @lo* rate ( 12 2 -2 42 ,2 2 02 .2 +2 122
Residence time (s ,2$2 -, 1$0 1$, 1-2 12.$+$+ .1$0$ ,
Conductiity (mScm
Tem"erature (QC