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TEST CODE
FORM TP 2017012
OI253O2O
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JANUARY 2OI7
CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE@ EXAMINATION
HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY Paper 02
- General Proficiency 2 hours
READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. I
This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections.
2
Answer
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Do NOT write in the margins.
4
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
5
Each question is worth
6
If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.
7
If you use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant,
ALL questions.
l5 marks.
include the question part beside the answer.
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
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Copyright @ 2015 Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved.
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SECTION A
AnswerALL questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
(a)
1
Thble
I
shows data on problems associated with persons who abuse drugs.
TABLE 1: PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSONS WHO ABUSE DRUGS Alcohol
Tobacco
Marijuana
7o uSers
7o uSerS
7o uSers
Had issues with family and friends
17
32
l9
Missed classes
29
9
27
Been in trouble with the law
)
3
l9
Been in fights
l3
4
73
Done something illegal to obtain drugs
4
7
22
(i)
Identify the drug that has the MOST NEGATIVE impact on the user,
(1 mark)
(ii)
Which TWO drugs have the GREATEST impact on users' relationships with friends and family, and academic life?
(2 marks)
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(b)
Table 2 shows the gender and monthly income of those persons in Table
I on page 4.
TABLE 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS WHO ABUSE DRUGS Alcohol
Tobacco
Marijuana
7o uSerS
7o uSerS
7o uSerS
79 62
68 20
58
Characteristics
Gender Male Female
l0
Monthly Income <$250
50 62
$2s0-$800 $801-$1600
>$l 600
(i)
8
8
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Which gender is MOST likely to engage in substance abuse?
(1 mark)
(ii)
Which substance is MOST likely to be abused by persons from all economic backgrounds?
(1 mark)
(iii)
Which income bracket shows the HIGHEST levels of drug abuse?
(1 mark)
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(i)
Portia has been overweight for about 20 years. Suggest THREE health problems that she could develop as a result of her excess weight.
(3 marks)
(ii)
The doctor tells Portia that she is suffering from malnutrition. Explain to Portia how it is possible to be overweight and suflering from malnutrition.
(3 marks)
(iii)
The doctor advises Portia to eat more fruits and vegetables. Of what benefit would fruits and vegetables be to her?
(3 marks)
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(a)
Figure
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is a concept map depicting the process of photosynthesis.
(i)
Uses
Green
(rv)
Sunlight
Contain a
(ii)
Leaves
In the form of
(iii)
Food To make
Ifave Plants
Figure
l.
Concept map of photosynthesis
Complete the concept map by writing the correct labels for (i), (ii),
(iii)
and (iv).
(i) (i
i)
(iii) (iv) (4 marks)
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Figure 2 shows part of the carbon cycle
CO, in the atmosphere 0 0
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Microbial
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decomposition of
organic matter
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Death
Oil relineries
Green plants
Animals
Figure 2.Part of the carbon cycle
(i)
At what stage in the cycle does carbon dioxide enter the food chain? (1 mark)
(ii)
At what stage in the cycle are humans having
a
MAJOR effect on the carbon cycle?
(l (c)
(i)
mark)
Farmer Singh wants to improve the nitrogen content of his farmland. State TWO it is important for plants to have adequate amounts of nitrogen.
reasons why
(2 marks)
(ii)
Name TWO types of bacteria which provide nitrogen, when present in soils.
(2 marks)
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-9Farmer Singh's garden borders a river. He is concerned that his farming activities result in the pollution of the river.
(i)
Suggest THREE pollutants that may run
will
offfrom the garden into the river
(3 marks)
(ii)
Outline TWO effects of the pollutants on living organisms
(2 marks)
Total 15 marks
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-10Bone is a living tissue. One of its functions is to protect the internal organs.
(a)
(i)
State ONE function of bone, other than the protection of internal organs.
(1 mark)
(ii)
State TWO functions of the human vertebral column
(2 marks)
(b)
Table 3 shows information on bone and cartilage. Complete Table 3 by writing the correct answers at (i), (ii) and (iii).
TABLE 3: INFORMATION ON BONB AND CARTILAGE Cartilage
Bone
Location
Found throughout the body
(i)
Structure
(ii)
Cells within a tough, flexible matrix
Function
Protection of internal organs
(iii)
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During a football match, Chades Puyol twists his ankle, falls and injures his knee which later becomes swollen.
(i)
Identifr the type ofjoint that is found in the knee region and describe the movement associated with this type ofjoint. Type
ofjoint
......
Movement (2 marks)
(ii)
Several days later, Puyol's hip is extremely painful. Describe the difference, in terms of movement, between the joint at the hip region and the joints between the bones
ofthe skull.
(2 marks) (d)
Lack of vitamin D results in bone disease in children. This disease results in bone being unable to become hard and, as a result, the limbs become bent.
(i)
Explain why vitamin D is necessary for proper bone formation and name the disease that occurs as a result of its deficiency.
Name of disease
(4 marks)
(ii)
Large intakes of carbonated beverages have an effect on bones similar to that caused by a vitamin D deficiency. Suggest which mineral is MOST likely being lost from the bone.
(1 mark)
Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
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(i)
Some nerves are considered sensory and others
motor. Distinguish between the
following terms: a
Nerves and neurones
a
Sensory and motor neurones
(4 marks)
(ii)
Identify the term used to describe the area where two neurones meet, and the chemical used to convey an electrical signal from one cell to the other. Area where two neurones meet Chemical
(2 marks)
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(b)
(i)
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Maria reaches out to pick a beautiful rose. Her thumb is pricked by a thorn and she instantly releases the plant. Suggest the type of reflex action, spinal or cranial, that causes her to release the plant, and briefly outline the FOUR steps involved in a reflex action. Type of reflex action Steps
(5 marks)
(ii)
Unlike the nervous system, the endocrine system uses hormones to coordinate actions in the human body. Maria's period has just ended. Name the TWO pituitary hormones that will be within the next 16 days, and explain to Maria ONE function of EACH
released
hormone. Name of hormone Function
Name of hormone
Function
(4 marks)
Total 15 marks
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SECTION B
AnswerALL questions in this section.
s.
(a)
State TWO cardiovascular diseases that occur as a result these diseases develop.
of poor diets and explain how
Name of diseases .....
How the diseases develop
(6 marks)
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Hisdoctorsaysthateventhoughhis body is producing insulin, the insulin receptors are resistant to insulin. Suggest TWO signs PeterisobeseandhasdevelopedType2diabetes.
or symptoms that Peter may be experiencing, and TWO ways that Peter could manage the disease.
Signs/symptoms
Managing diabetes
(4 marks)
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Table 4 shows the percentage of persons within three age groups who smoke and are obese. Smoking and obesity both increase the risk of heart attacks.
TABLE 4: PERCENTAGE OF PERSONS WHO SMOKE AND ARE OBESE Percentage ofPersons
tu24
25-34
3544
Smokers
9.1
14.8
23.7
Obese
28.4
44.5
54.8
Age Grcups
Study the information in Thble 4 and identify the age
group that
has the GREATEST
risk
for developing a heart attack, and discuss how smoking can increase the risk of a heart attack.
(5 marks)
Total 15 marks
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The accumulation of garbage poses a major threat to the environment. Governments are having challenges finding ways to reduce the amount of garbage generated. Landfills are currently being
6.
used.
(a)
State ONE advantage and TWO disadvantages associated with the use
of landfills
Advantage
Disadvantages
(3 marks)
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(b)
Explain THREE differences between a dump and a landfill.
(6 marks)
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Name and explain THREE measures which could be used to controlthe volume of solid waste within your community.
(6 marks)
Total 15 marks
END OF TEST
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORI( ON THIS TEST.
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