UNIVERSI UNIV ERSIDAD DAD ABIERTA PARA PARA ADULTOS ADULTOS UAPA
ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS POLITICAS Y JURIDICAS CARRERA DE DERECHO
TEMA EL ACTO JURÍDICO. REQUISITOS DE VALIDEZ DE LAS CONVENCIONES. LAS NULIDADES SUSTENTANTE WILGTON R. INOA MOTA MAT. 13-683 !ACILITADOR !ILIBERTO ARIAS ASIGNATURA ASIGNAT URA DERECHO CIVIL II SANTIAGO DE LOS CABALLEROS REP"BLICA DOMINICANA MAYO DE #$1%
1- Realización de un cuadro comparativo en el que se destaque la clasificación de los contratos:
&' S()*+ , /(022 4( 5/&7 ' S()*+ , /(022 4( 5+47 9' S()*+ 9+(+247 4' S()*+ 2+(/:/(&92;+<
S()*+ /(022
C+(+&,(.
4( 5/&
S,(+(.
R(&,(.
S()*+ /(022 4(
D( &9(/4 =
!+4
4( &4>(2;+. C,(92? ( I+42?24&,(.
C,&2529&92;+ 4( , C+/& S2+&,&)@29 = +2,&(/&,( A , +(/ = & 2,
G/&2. S()*+ 9+(+24
C+&2? = &,(&/2. I+&+@+( = 9(2?
S()*+ 2+(/:/(&92;+
N2+&4 I++2+&4
2- Defina cada uno de los referidos contratos e Indique las características que los distinguen entre sí.
A- S()*+ /(022 4( 5/& Los contratos consensuales: S+ &0(,, 0( :&/& :(/5(992;+ (
+(9(&/2 *+29&(+( (, 9+(+22(+ 4( ,& :&/( 9+/&&+( = :&/& ?@,24( + ( +(9(&/2& +2+)+& 5/&,24&4. Los ontratos solemnes: E :&/& ?&,24(< &4(@ 4(, 9+(+22(+<
( +(9(&/2 (, 9:,22(+ 4( 92(/& 5/&,24&4 /(022 E( /(022 , 9+2=( ,& 2+(/?(+92;+ 4( + +&/2. E2(+ 9&/ 9+/& ,(+( •
L& 9+?(+92;+ &/2+2&,
•
L& >2:(9&
•
L& 4+&92;+
•
L& /)&92;+ 9+?(+92+&,. Los contratos reales: E+ ( 9+/& &4(@ 4(, &9(/4 4( ,& :&/( (
+(9(&/2 :&/& 5/&92;+ (, /(022 4( ,& (+/()& 4( ,& 9&. L 9+/& /(&,( + 9&/ •
E, :/& 4( 94&.
•
E, :/& 4( 9+.
•
E, 4(:;2.
•
L& :/(+4&. !l pr"stamo de uso o comodato: ( + 9+/& :/ (, 9&, +& :(/+&< (,
:/(&4/< ,( (+/()& & /&< (, :/(&&/2< :&/& 0( ( 2/?& 4( (,,&< =& (& & , )/&2 +& 9& + 5+)2,( 0( 4((/@ (/ 4(?(,&. !l pr"stamo de consumo: ( (, 9+/& :/ (, 9&, +& :(/+&< (, &/2
( ,2)& & 4(?,?(/ & /&< (, &+(< +& 9& ((F&+( & ,& 9& 9+2,( = 5+)2,( 0( ( ,( >&= (+/()& :&/& . !l depósito: C+5/( (, V9&,&/2 J/429 4( H(+/2 C&:2&+< ( +
9+/& :/ (, 9&, +& :(/+& /(92( +& 9& (,( :(/(+(92(+( & /&< 9+ (, 9&/) 4( )&/4&/,& = /(22/,& 9&+4 (, 4(:2&+( ,& /(9,&(. La prenda: E (, 9+/& :/ (, 9&, (, 4(4/ (+/()& &, &9/((4/ ,& :(2;+
4( +& 9& (,(< (+ ()/24&4 4( ,& 4(4& = 0( 4& 4(/(9> &, &9/((4/ :&/& 9+(/?&/ (& 9& >&& (, :&) < 2 (( + ( (5(9*&< >&9(/,& ?(+4(/ = 9/&/( /( (, :/(92 & , 4(@ &9/((4/(.
#.- lasificación de los contratos seg$n los requisitos de validez en cuanto al fondo. E+ /(022 4( 5+4< ((+92&, :&/& ,& 5/&92;+ 4(,
9+/&< ( ,& ?,+&4 4( , 9+/&&+(. E 9+/& + 9&/ •
C+/& 4( &4>(2;+.
•
C+/& 4( &9(/4.
•
C+/& 9,(92?.
•
C+/& 2+42?24&,(. C.- C,&2529&92;+ 4( , 9+/& ()*+ 9+(+24 (, 9+(+24 4(, 9+/& ( (, 9+F+ 4( , 4(/(9> 0( +&9(+ 4(, 9+/&. A ?( :&/& 9,&2529&/, >&= 0( &/ (+ 9+24(/&92;+ %eg$n la reciprocidad o lo no-reciprocidad de las o&ligaciones que nacen:
•
S2+&,&)@29 = +2,&(/&,(. S()*+ (, 52+ :(/()24
•
A , )/&2
•
A , +(/
•
•
C+&2? A,(&/2. %eg$n la duración del cumplimiento de las o&ligaciones:
•
2+&+@+(.
•
S9(2?. ontratos sinalagm'ticos o &ilaterales: ()*+ (, &/9, 11$# 4(, C;42)
C2?2,< + &0(,, (+ 0( , 9+/&&+( ( ,2)&+ /(9:/9&(+(< , + /(:(9 4( , /. ontratos unilaterales: S( (+9(+/& (+&/9&4 (+ (, &/9, 11$3 4(,
9;42) 92?2,< &0(,, (+ 0( +& 4( ,& :(/+& (@+ ,2)&4&< /(:(9 4( /& 2+ 0( :/ :&/( ( (& *,2& ( 9+/&2)&+ 9:/2< (F(:, ,& 4+&92;+. ontratos a título gratuito: S+ &0(,, 9+/& (+ , 9&,( +& :(/+&
42:+( 4( 2(+( 2+ 9+/&:&/24&. C+5/( ,& 4(52+292;+ 4(, H(+/2 C&:2&+ (+ V9&,&/2 J/429 :&)2+& 161< ( (, 9+/& (+ (, 9&, +& 4( ,& :&/( ( ,2)& & +& :/(&92;+
9&,02(/& 2+ (2:,&/ +&4& & 9&2 (F(:, 4+&92;+ (+/( ?2?< &+4& )/&2 = 4(:;2. ontratos a título oneroso( (, &/9, 11$6 4(, C;42) C2?2, (&,(9( 0( (,
9+/& & , +(/ ( &0(, 0( ,2)& & , 9+/&&+( & 4&/ >&9(/ &,)+& 9&. S()*+ HENRI CAPITANT ( + 9+/& (+ (, 9&, 9&4& +& 4( ,& :&/( (2:,& 4( ,& /& +& :/(&92;+ & 9&2 4( ,& 0( (,,& ,( :/((. ontratos conmutativos: C&+4 9&4& +& 4( ,& :&/( ( ,2)& & 4&/
>&9(/ +& 9& 0( ( 9+24(/& (02?&,(+( 4( , 0( >&9( 4& (, / 9+/&&+( HENRI CAPITANT , 4(52+( 9 (, 9+/& :/ (, 9&, 9&4& +& 4( ,& :&/( &, (+ 4( ,& 5/&,2&92;+ 4(, 9+/&< (42&+( (, 9+(+22(+ 9+9( ,& ((+2;+ 4( :/(&92+(. ontratos aleatorios: ( (, 9+/& :/ (, 9&, ,& (02?&,(+92& 9+2( (+
(?(+&,24&4( 4( )&+&+92& :/424& :&/& 9&4& + 4( , 9+/&&+(< 4(:(+42(+( 4( + 9( 2+92(/ :/ (F(:, , 9+/& 4( &:(&< 4( ,(/&. ontratos sucesivos: S+ &0(,, 9+/& 0( :&/& 9:,22(+
(2)(+ 92(/ ,&: (+ (, 2(: (F(:, 9+/& 4( &//(+4&2(+< 4( 92(4&4< 9+/& 4( /&&F. D.- !n cuanto a su interpretación los contratos se clasifican: ontratos nominados: + &0(,, 9+/& (+ , 0( /(),& (@+
9+9/(&4& 4( &+(/& :,(/2&< & ?(9( 2+9, 2:(/&2?& :/ (, ,()2,&4/< (F(:, 9:/&?(+&< :(/&< &//(+4&2(+ 92(4&4< ()/. ontratos innominados: A0(,, 9+/& 0( + + F( 4( +2+)+&
/(),&(+&92;+ ,()&, &F (:(92&, 4(+2+&92;+.
)- Indique las reglas de formación de los diferentes contratos * d" un e+emplo de cada uno.
E, 9+(+22(+.
S 9&:&924&4.
OF( 92(/.
C&& ,292&.
!+emplo de cada uno de los contratos.
C+/& 9+(+&, (, 9+/& 4( /&&F (+/( + (:,(&4/ = + /&&F&4/ + /(02(/( 4(, 9:,22(+ 4( 5/&,24&4( (:(92&,( :&/& /(9+9(/ ?&,24( +2 (2(+92&< ( 2+9, ,& /(,&92;+ ,&/&, :(4( :/&/( (+ 9> 9& 2+ +(9(24&4 4( 0( >&=& 24 :/(?2&(+( 52/&4 + 9+/& (9/2< (+ &0(,, 9& (+ , 9&,( ,& ,(= + (2F& 4( (( /(022. C+/& ,(+( (, 9+/& 4( >2:(9& /( + 2(+ 2+(,( ( + 9+/& ,(+( :/0( :&/& 9+24(/&/ 0( 2(+( ?&,24( (/)& +( = :/49& (5(9 ,()&,( ( /(02(/( 4( 2+9/2:92;+ (+ (, R()2/< 2+ (, 9:,22(+ 4( (& 5/&,24&4 ( 2(+( 9 2+(2(+(. C+/& /(&, 9&+4 ?& & +& 9&& 4( (:( = 4(F& +& 9& (,( & 9&2 4( 42+(/ 0( (+/()& (, &9/((4/ :/ (,,&. C+/& 4( &4>(2;+ = 4( &9(/4 9&+4 9+/& , (/?292 4( +& 9:&& :/?((4/& 4( (+(/)& (,9/29&. L& 9:/&?(+& 4( 2(+( /&9(. C+/& 2+42?24&, (, 9& 4(, /(/ 0( (+/& & /&&F&/ & +& (:/(& (+2(+4 0( &9(:&/ ,& 9,&,& 4((/2+&4& (+/( , :&/+ = , 2+429&. C+/& 9,(92? 9+/& 4( /&+:/( 4( +& +2?(/24&4. C+/& 2+&,&)@29 ,& 9:/&?(+&< ,& :(/&< (, &//(+4&2(+< (, 2+2/< (, ()/. C+/& +2,&(/&, & 4+&92;+ >(9>& & + (/9(/. C+/& & , +(/ +& 9:/&. C+/& & , )/&2 + :/&. C+/& 9+&2? ,& 9:/&?(+&. C+/& &,(&/2 + ()/ +& &:(&. C+/& 2+&+@+( ,& 9:/&?(+& &, 9+&4. C+/& 9(2? + &//(+4&2(+ 4( + (//(+. C+/& +2+&4 , 9+/& 4( 4+&92;+< , 9+/& 4(
&//(+4&2(+ , 9+/& 4( 4(:;2. C+/& 2++2+&4 , :&9 9(/92&,( 0( ( &9(/4&+ (+/( ,&
:&/(. ,- Identifique los requisitos de validez de las convenciones.
C+5/( (, &/9, 1<1$8 4, C;42) C2?2, 4( ,& R(:*,29& D2+29&+&< (&,( 9&/ 9+4292+( ((+92&,( :&/& ,& ?&,24( 4( +& 9+?(+92;+7 , 9&,( + & &(/
E, 9+(+22(+ 4( ,& :&/( 0( ( ,2)&.
S 9&:&924&4 :&/& 9+/&&/.
U+ F( 92(/ 0( 5/( ,& &(/2& 4(, 9:/2.
U+& 9&& ,292& (+ ,& ,2)&92;+.
- Indique cu'les son los vicios del consentimiento(
E, 9+(+22(+ :(4( (/ &5(9&4 :/ (///< ?2,(+92&< 4,< ,(2;+.
- u'les son las condiciones para que un contrato sea nulo(
Q( + 9:,& 9+ , /(022 4( ?&,24( :&/& 5/&92;+. C&+4 5&,&+ , /(022 +(9(&/2 :&/& ,& 5/&92;+ 4( + 9+/&< 9&+4 + >&+ 24 /(:(&4& ,& /(),& 0( ,( 9+92(/+(+< ( 429( 0( (, 9+/& + >& :424 :(/5(992+&/( ( +,. /- Indique cu'les son los efectos de la nulidad relativa * los de la nulidad a&soluta.
L& +,24&4( (&+ &,& /(,&2?& :/49(+ , 2 (5(9< 4& ,& ,2)&92+( 4(, 9+/& 4(&:&/(9(+ :/ 9:,( & 9+(9(+92& 4( ,& +,24&4 0( &5(9& &, 9+/&< 4(24 & (5(9 /(/&92?< (+ 9+(9(+92& ,& (+(+92& 0( ?(/2529& ,& +,24&4 ( 4(9,&/&2?& (, 9+/& +, + >& (224 ++9& = + >& :/4924 +2+)*+ (5(9.