RE Practices in Bangladesh - Biogas DESIGN OF BIOGAS PLANT 1.1 1.1 Introductio n: Biogas can be obtained from any organic materials after anaerobic fermentation by three main phases. 1.2 1.2 Mechanism Mechanism of b iogas fermentation: A) Groups of Biogas microbes-
B) Groups of microbes involved in the 3 stages of biogas fermentation fermentation
E) Hydraulic retention time (HRT)o
o
For Mesophilic digestion where temp. varies from 20 c to 35 C and HRT is greater than 20 da ys. 1.4 Relations hip between temp erature, HRT & TS value of 8% :
1.5 Cross-section of a digester:
1.7 Assumption s: For volume Vc = 5% V Vs =15% V Vgs + Vf = 80% V Vgs = VH Vgs = 0.5 ( Vgs + V f + Vs ) K 3 Where K= Gas production rate per m digester volume 3 3 per day. For Bangladesh K = 0.4 m /m d.
For geometrical dimensions 1/3 D =1.3078 X V 3 V1 =0.0827 D 3 V2 = 0.05011 D 3 V3 = 0.3142 D R1 = 0.725 D; R2 = 1.0625 D f 1 = D/5; f 2 = D/8 2 2 S1 = 0.911 D ; S2 = 0.8345 D
1.8 Volume calculation of digester and hydraulic chamber: A) Vol um e calcu lat io n o f d ig est er c ham ber O Given: 6 cows of body weight 200 kg each.; Temp. = 30 C (average) n Sol : O Let HRT = 40 days (for temp. 30 C) Total discharge = 10 kg X 6 = 60 kg/day TS of fresh discharge = 60 kg X 0.16 = 9.6 Kg. In 8% concentration of 8 kg. Solid 1 kg. Solid 9.6 Kg Solid Total influent required
TS (To make favourable conditions) = 100 kg. Influent = 100 / 8 kg influent = 100 x 9.6/ 8 = 120 kg. Influent. = 120 kg.
Water to be added to make the discharge 8% concentration of TS =120 kg - 60 kg. = 60 kg. Working volume of digester = Vgs + Vf Vgs + Vf = Q.HRT 3 3 = 120 kg/day X 40 days = 4800 kg. (1000 kg = 1 m ) = 4.8 m . From geometrical assumptions:
From A & B, let Vgs Vc + Vgs Again, V1
3
= 1.344 m . 3 3 3 = 0.3 m +1.344 m = 1.644 m 2 = [{(Vc + Vgs) - {p D H1}/4] 2 = [1.644 - {3.14 x (2.4) x H1}/4] Or, H1 = 0.110m 2 We have fixed h = 800 mm water volume (I mm = 10 N/ m ) h = h3 + f 1 + H1 Or, h3 = 0.210m.
Again we know that Vgs = VH 3 2 Or, 1.344 m = 3.14 x (DH) x h3/4 Or, DH = 2.85m Now we know the dimension of hydraulic chamber. Moreover keeping h = 800 mm, we can choose or re-arrange the dimension considering availability of site and construction suitability. For most suitable dimensions we can select the drawing of Annexure- IX for 60 Kg cow dung per day as raw material. Note: For ready reference 4 family type Biogas plant's drawing is shown(std. dimension 's) in A nnexu re-VIII, Annexu re-IX, Annexu re-X & Annexu re-X1 where 40kg, 60kg, 80kg and 100Kg cow d ung is co nsidered as raw material per day respectively. If big ger size plant is required, it can be designed keeping all safety cons iderations in design and co nstruct ion. An nex ur e- 1 Table 1: The Total Solid Content of Common Fermentation Materials in Rural Areas (Approx.)
Materials
Dry matter con tent (%)
Water content (%)
Dry rice straw Dry wheat straw Corn stalks Green grass
83 82 80 24
17 18 20 76
An nex ur e- III Table 3: Biogas Producing Rates of Some Fermentation Materials and Their Main Chemical Components. Materials and their main components Animal barnyard manure Pig manure Horse droppings Green grass Flax straw Wheat straw Leaves Sludge Brewery liquid waste Carbohydrate Liquid Protein
3
Yield of Biogas m /kg TS 0.260 ~ 0.280 0.561 0.200 ~ 0.300 0.630 0.359 0.432 0.210 ~ 0.294 0.640 0.300 ~ 0.600 0.750 1.440 0.980
Methane content (%) 50 ~ 60
70 59 58 50 58 49 72 50
An nex ur e- IV Table 4: Biogas Producing Rates of Several Substances Material
Water Hyacinth Alligator Weed Water Lettuces Cattle Dung Pig Manure Human Wastes Dry Grass Rice Straw
YpCMDV 3 3 (m /m d)
YpkgM (m3/kgTS)
0.40 0.38 0.40 0.20 0.30 0.53 0.20 0.35
0.16 0.20 0.20 0.12 0.22 0.31 0.21 0.23
Amo un t o f bio gas p ro du ced i n a peri od of time ( as a % of th e total yield) 0 ~15 (d) 15 ~ 45 (d) 45 ~ 75(d) 75 ~ 13 (d) 83 17 0 0 23 45 32 0 23 62 15 0 11 33.8 20.9 34.3 19.6 31.8 25.5 23.1 45 22 27.3 5.7 13 11 43 33 09 50 16 25
An nex ur e- VI Table 6: Carbon-Nitrogen Ratios of Some Common Fermentation Materials (Approx.) Material Dry wheat straw Dry rice straw Corn stalks Fallen leaves Soybean stalks Wild grass Peanut stems and leaves Fresh sheep droppings Fresh cattle dung Fresh horse droppings Fresh pig manure Fresh human wastes
Carbon content of m aterial (%) 46 42 40 41 41 14 11 16 7.3 10 7.8 2.5
Nitrogen content of materials (%) 0.53 0.53 0.75 1.00 1.30 0.54 0.59 0.55 0.29 0.42 0.60 0.85
Carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) 87:1 67:1 53:1 41:1 32:1 27:1 19:1 29:1 25:1 24:1 13:1 29:1
An nex ur e- VII Table 7: Amount of Human and Animal Waste Discharged per Day (Approx.) Kinds
Pig Ox Horse Sheep Chicken Human
Body weight (kg) 50 500 500 15 1.5 50
Daily amount of excrement (kg) 6 34 10 1.5 0.10 0.50
Daily amount of urine (kg) 15 34 15 2 0 1
Annu al amou nt of excrement discharged (kg) 2190 12410 3650 548 36.80 182.50
Annu al amo un t of excrement collection (kg) 1752 9928 2920 438.4 29.44 146.00
Daily yield of biogas per capita (m3) 0.18 ~ 0.25 0.36 ~ 0.96
0.0076 ~ 0.0112 0.028
Note: The annual amount of excrements collected accounts for 80% of that discharge.
The Key stakeholders in Bi omass Technology application of Bangladesh : Potential stakeholders for a national programme on domestic biogas in Bangladesh divided into government, civil sector and private sector organizations. Organizations involv ed in the dissemination of b iogas plants in Bangladesh and number of plants installed: S No Organization Installation Number of Biogas Period plants installed 1 Bangladesh Council of Scientific & industrial Research (BCSIR) 1973-2005 22,100 2 Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) 1985-2001 7,000 3 Department of Environment (DoE) 1979-1983 260 4 Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) 1987-2005 300 5 Department of Livestock Services (DLS) 1988-1994 70 6 Thengamara Mohila Sabuj Sangha (TMSS) 7
Bangladesh Small & Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC)
1983-1988
30
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Housing & Building Research Institute (HBRI) Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD) Bangladesh Commission for Christian Development (BCCD) Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI)
1983-1984 1982 1971-1973 1981 1974 1978 1983
20 4 2 2 1 1 1
Total 15
Construction Partner Organization (CPO) under IDCOL (Infrastructure Development Company Ltd) Grameen Shakti (GS its own programme + IDCOL) SOUL Kamrul Biogas
29791 6000 1000 517
Contact Address of CPOs (Construction Partner Organisations) under National Domestic Biogas and Manure Programme (NDBMP) National Domestic Biogas and Manure Programme (NDBMP) Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL), UTC Building (16th Floor), Panthopath, Dhaka. CPO Information L ist - Date: 6/12/2008 S No
1
CPO ID KB
2
HB
3
SL
4
RB
5
RS
6
BR
7
CPO Name
Address
Agreement Date 01/01/2005
Email
[email protected]
Mr. Kamrul Islam, Managing Director
01711-264842
90-Chuadanga Road, Jhenidah7300.Jhenaidah
02/01/2005
[email protected]
01711-248243
16 Noya polton (3rd floor), Dhaka1000.Dhaka Jamalganj Road, Professor Para, SadarJoypurhat
03/01/2005
[email protected]
04/01/2005
[email protected]
74/D, Arjotpara, Mohakhali, Dhaka1215Dhaka House# 7, Road # 113, Khalishpur Housing state, KhulnaKhulna
05/01/2005
[email protected]
05/30/2006
[email protected]
Mr. Ismail ossain, Executive Director and CEO Mr. Ahashan abib, Executive Director Mr. Redwanoor Rahman, Managing Director Mr.Ruhul Quddus. General Manager Mr.Zahirul Haque, Executive Director
Mr. Harun or Rashid, Executive Director Mr. Abser Kamal, General Manager Md. Ziaur Rahman, Executive Director A.K.M. Shirajul Islam
0156-315570
Ms. Reba Paul, Director (Programme)
02-9013431,01715073367
BESIC Road, Police line, Natun BazarRajbari
SR
Kamrul Biogas and Compost Fertilizer co ltd Hosain Biogas and Compost fertilizer company Save our Urban Life SOUL Rahman Renewable Energy Company Limited Rural Services Foundation (RSF) Bangladesh Rural Integrated Development for Grub-Street Economy (BRIDGE) Srizony Bangladesh
111, Pabahati Road, PabahatiJhenaidah
07/01/2005
[email protected]
8
GS
Grameen Shakti
08/01/2005
[email protected]
9
SA
SAPNO
Grameen Bank Bhaban, Mirpur Road, Dhaka-1216Dhaka Shahid Khokon Road , JaleswaritolaBogra
03/25/2007
[email protected]
10
BS
[email protected]
SB
House# 247, Road# 18, New DOHS, Mohakhali
[email protected] I/31, Lane-6, Block-D, Mirpur-12, Pallobi, DhakaDhaka
04/02/2007
11
Bangladesh Association for Social Advancement Shubashati
05/08/2007
[email protected]
Contact Person
Telephone
01713-442540,01713442541 01712-586110
01713049415,8143685,9114061 041-760038,01711807740
9004314,9004081 01712-869291,05167775
9862464, 01730-044902
12
KP
Kushtia Pally Unnayan Sangstha (KPUS) Sangram ( Sangathita Gramunnayan Karmasuchee) Practical Action
13
SG
14
PA
15
PM
16
SU
17
SD
18
DE
19
UD
Uttara Development Program(UDP)
20
NB
21 22
PS NL
23
CM
Nurunnnabi Biogas Company Limited Palli Shakti Nirapad Engineering Limited ChangeMaker
24
BB
Padakhep Manobik Unnyan Kendra (PMUK) Sonali Unnayan Foundation (SUF) Shariatpur Development Society(SDS) DESHA
Barisal Biogas Construction Company Limited
18/5, 1 No. Masjid Bari Lane, AruaparaKushtia
04/09/2007
[email protected]
Md. Enamul Haque, Director
01711-310126,071-62056
Shahid Srity Sarak, SadarBarguna
04/08/2007
[email protected]
01713001528,044862828
House No-32, Road No-13A, Dhanmondi R/ADhaka House No 548, Road No 10, Baitul Aman Housing Society Adabar, MohammadpurDhaka 218, Begum Rokeya Sarani, Sher-EBanglanagar,West kafrul, Dhaka-1207 Dhaka Sadar Road,Shariatpur,Post Box No1,Post Code-8000 Shariatpur Dar-Us-Shefa,317, Jhenaidah Road Majampur,Post Box-1, Kustia-7000 Kushtia South Malotinagar, Bhai Pagla Mazar Lane,Bogra-5800 Bogra Gaibandha
06/21/2007
[email protected]
04/15/2007
[email protected]
Mr. Chowdhury Md. Masum, Executive Director Veena Khaleque, Country Director Iqbal Ahmed, Executive Director Md. Shamsuddin Azad, M.A, Director General Mozibur Rahman, B.A/L.L.B, Executive Director Md. Robiul Islam, B.Com, Executive Director AFM Akteruddin, M.A, Executive Director
01711838760, 9136588
Gaibandha Dhaka
04/13/2008 04/13/2008
H#8, R#13(New), Suite F-3 Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1209Dhaka Barisal
04/07/2008
Syed Tayubur Rahman
8159970,9126784
03/28/2007
04/16/2007
04/24/2007
04/16/2007
01819149415,9113065 (134) 01713003166,9128824
01714011901, 060155554
01711217623, 071171402
01711419110 ,8120632
04/13/2008
[email protected]
05/22/2008
Source: Renewable Energy & Environmental Information Network (REEIN)
E-mail:
[email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected] Website: http://www.reein.org
