DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
North La Union Campus
Bacnotan, La Union
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Secondary Education Department
Detailed Lesson Plan
I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
identify the different kinds of bacteria;
draw the different shapes of bacteria;
appreciate the benefits of bacteria.
II. Subject Matter:
Topic: Bacteria
Reference: a. Introduction to Bacteria.(April 19,2015).Retrieved http://handsonclassrooms.org/files/Science/introduction_to_bacteria_02.ppt
Bacteria - MicrobeWorld.(April 19,2015).Retrieved from http://www.microbeworld.org/types-of-microbes/bacteria
Bacteria -MicrobiologyOnline.(April19,2015).Retrieved fromhttp://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria
Materials: visual aids (mp and pictures)
Skills: drawing
Values: appreciation, patience
Concept: Bacteria are not all harmful to humans but rather, it has more benefits to humans and the environment.
III.Procedure:
Teacher's Activity
Learner's Activity
Preliminary Activities (take 5 mins)
Greetings
Prayers
Checking of Attendance
Classroom Management
Review (this will take 5 mins)
Before we proceed to our lesson, let's have a review about unicellular organism. Can you give me an example of a unicellular organism?
Very good, what else?
Yes. That's correct! And why are they called unicellular organism?
Very good. These unicellular organisms are single-celled and also called prokaryotes. Now, do you have any idea if what is the smallest type of unicellular organism?
You're right!
Motivation (this will take 10 mins)
Class, I have here a picture which shows different words that are related to bacteria. I want you to choose one word and use it to describe or define bacteria.
(show picture)
Developmental Activities
(this will take 20 mins)
Okay class, since we already describe and define bacteria; let us now study the different shapes of bacteria. Look at this photo carefully and tell me the shape of each bacterium. (show picture)
Very good. What else?
Correct. And the last one?
Yes. Very good. These are the three basic shapes; rod shaped called bacilli, round shaped called cocci and the spiral shaped also called spirillum. Some exist as single cells, others are clustered together.
Do you think bacteria are alive?
Why do you think so?
You're right. Very good! What else can make you think that a bacterium is alive?
Yes. What else?
Very good. What do they use to move?
Yes. Most motile bacteria move by the use of flagella There are helical bacteria which have a specialized internal structure known as the axial filament which is responsible for rotation of the cell in a spiral fashion and consequent locomotion and others are gliding bacteria.
Since we said a while ago that a bacteria can reproduce, do you have any idea how they reproduce?
Very good. There is one more way on how bacteria reproduce, what is it?
You're right! Now, what do you think do they eat?
Yes. Another?
Correct! What else?
Very good! So what are pathogens? Do you have any idea?
And how do they make you sick?
Correct! Where do you get a pathogen?
Yes, what else?
Is it also possible that you get infected through indirect contact? How?
Yes. What else?
Very good! Are all bacteria pathogens?
Why? Explain further.
Correct. Anymore more idea?
Very well said! Can you give some example of helpful bacteria as we have said a while ago that not all bacteria are pathogenic and some are helpful? So what are these helpful bacteria?
Yes. What else?
Anymore?
No more?
Very good. Do you know some common pathogens?
Yes. What else?
Correct. What else?
You're right. So what can we do to prevent or avoid these pathogenic bacteria?
Yes. What else?
Correct. Anymore?
Very good!
Application (this will take 5 mins)
Direction: Bring out a piece of bond paper and draw the different shapes of bacteria.
Generalization (this will take 5 mins)
Okay class, let's have a recap on what we have discussed today. What are bacteria?
What are the different shapes of bacteria?
What are the evidences or proof that bacteria are alive?
What are pathogens?
How do we get pathogens?
What are the examples of good bacteria?
What are the common pathogenic bacteria?
How can we avoid pathogenic bacteria?
Very good!
Ma'am bacteria and protozoa.
Ma'am, unicellular algae and unicellular fungi or yeasts.
Ma'am because they are single-celled organism. From the root word uni which means one or single.
Ma'am Bacteria!
(students choose a word and explain)
Ma'am, the white colored bacterium has a round shape.
Ma'am the bacterium on the center has a rod shape.
Ma'am it is a spiral shaped bacterium.
Yes ma'am!
Ma'am because the bacteria can reproduce.
Ma'am because they eat.
Ma'am because the bacteria can move.
Ma'am they use their flagella to move.
Ma'am they reproduce through binary fission wherein they multiply through division.
Ma'am through conjugation, wherein the cilia of the bacterium connects to other cilia of a bacterium then transfers genetic material to another.
Ma'am some make their own food from sunlight, like the photosynthetic bacteria.
Ma'am some are scavengers like the bacteria in our stomach which eat what we eat.
Ma'am some bacteria eat other bacteria which are also called pathogens.
Ma'am bacteria that make us sick.
Ma'am they produce poisons that result in fever, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea and destroy body tissue.
Ma'am through direct contact with people who are sick.
Ma'am from food, Water, or other surfaces that are contaminated.
Yes ma'am. For example, you could become infected if you come into contact with equipment that has been touched by an ill person.
Ma'am some pathogenic bacteria rely on insect carriers such as mosquitoes, fleas, lice or ticks to move from host to host.
No ma'am.
Ma'am not all bacteria are pathogenic because there are some types of bacteria that help with digestion and also used as ingredients of some foods like cheese for fermentation.
Ma'am it is also used for production of antibiotics and the photosynthetic bacteria produces oxygen.
Ma'am, one is Pediococcus which is used in production of fermented meats.
Ma'am Lactobacillus casei which is found in human intestines and mouth to improve digestion.
Ma'am Leuconostoc cremoris which is used in the production of buttermilk and sour cream.
Ma'am Lactobacillus bulgaricus which is used in the production of yogurt and cheese.
Ma'am Pathogenic E. coli which is found in ground beef, contaminated fruits and vegetables.
Ma'am Salmonella which is found in raw meats, poultry, eggs, sprouts, fruit and vegetables
Ma'am Listeria which is Found in deli foods, lunch meats, smoked fish and vegetables.
Ma'am washing our hands often will avoid the transfer of bacteria to our mouth or food.
Ma'am food should be cook thoroughly to kill any pathogens that may be in the food.
Ma'am let us store food properly to limit pathogen growth.
(students will now draw)
Ma'am bacteria are the smallest unicellular organism.
Ma'am the rod shaped called bacilli, round shaped called cocci and the spiral shaped also called spirillum.
Ma'am they move, reproduce and eat.
Ma'am the bacteria that make us sick.
Ma'am through direct and indirect contact with other people. And also from the contaminated foods, water and surfaces.
Ma'am Pediococcus which is used in production of fermented meats, Lactobacillus casei which is found in human intestines and mouth to improve digestion, Leuconostoc cremoris which is used in the production of buttermilk and sour cream and Lactobacillus bulgaricus which is used in the production of yogurt and cheese.
Ma'am Pathogenic E. coli which is found in ground beef, contaminated fruits and vegetables, Salmonella which is found in raw meats, poultry, eggs, sprouts, fruit and vegetables and Listeria which is Found in deli foods, lunch meats, smoked fish and vegetables.
Ma'am we should wash our hands often, food should be cook thoroughly and food should be stored properly to avoid pathogenic bacteria.
IV. Evaluation (this will take 5 mins)
Direction: Bring out ¼ piece of paper and identify the following bacteria if it is beneficial or harmful and give their shape. (14 pts.)
Pediococcus
Pathogenic E. coli
Lactobacillus casei
Salmonella
Leuconostoc cremoris
Listeria
Lactobacillus bulgaricus
V. Assignment
Read about multicellular organism.
Prepared by:
Sharon M. Ballasiw
BSE II- BioSci
Presented to:
Dr. Violeta F. Collado
Course Instructor
Photo used in Motivation:
Photo used in the developmental activity: Identification of shapes.