EDITORIAL CLIE
!" $%&&'()&&*+, .-/0/ 123456!41 123456!414337 4337 89)&(%+':); 67<4=4 6>?)*+@ +*A&'BC(+*%D%B !""#$%%&&&'()*+'+,
E /.F0 6G*H'&*)+ !326 «Cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación de esta obra solo puede ser realizada con la autorización de sus titulares, titulares, salvo excepción prevista por la ley. Diríjase a CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos, www.cedro.org www.cedro.org
) si necesita fotocopiar o escanear algún fragmento de esta obra».
6G*H'&@ 4+I':B' J'K%&' 9%&L'B) J%M*B'&@ NO): P)&Q) R%++%&Q) 3)&&)S)T)
GRAN DICCIONARIO ENCICLOPÉDICO DE LA BIBLIA
Depósito Legal: B. 21866-2012 ISBN: 978-84-8267-927-3 OBRAS DE REFERENCIA Diccionarios y Enciclopedias Referencia: 224841
Impreso en USA / Printed in USA
EDITORIAL CLIE
!" $%&&'()&&*+, .-/0/ 123456!41 123456!414337 4337 89)&(%+':); 67<4=4 6>?)*+@ +*A&'BC(+*%D%B !""#$%%&&&'()*+'+,
E /.F0 6G*H'&*)+ !326 «Cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación de esta obra solo puede ser realizada con la autorización de sus titulares, titulares, salvo excepción prevista por la ley. Diríjase a CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos, www.cedro.org www.cedro.org ) si necesita fotocopiar o escanear algún fragmento de esta obra».
6G*H'&@ 4+I':B' J'K%&' 9%&L'B) J%M*B'&@ NO): P)&Q) R%++%&Q) 3)&&)S)T)
GRAN DICCIONARIO ENCICLOPÉDICO DE LA BIBLIA
Depósito Legal: B. 21866-2012 ISBN: 978-84-8267-927-3 OBRAS DE REFERENCIA Diccionarios y Enciclopedias Referencia: 224841
Impreso en USA / Printed in USA
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`0$(50 W6XYa[\J6\]C M/0 /1#/ '" ?%8/"0B/ = $/('/$&% 0:$0&/()&% 0 1' 30.%$C &/ 0F'/33%1 #/801 F'/ 1):'/" 1)/"&% #/80 &/ &/.0#/ = >%3@8)(0 /"#$/ /1#'&)%1%1 = /1>/()03)1#01C P0&0 0$#5('3%H = (0&0 0'#%$H $/1>%"&/" >%$ 15 8)18%1 &/1&/ 1' $/&0(()*" = 0$:'8/"#0()*"C v
Introducción
0 301 &/ 3%1 $/&0(#%$/1C G3 /&)#%$ ?0 .'1(0&% 30 (%?/$/"()0 &/ 301 $/8)1)%"/1 = &/ 301 1'.&),)1)%"/1 &/ 301 (01) a_JJ /"#$0&01 &/ F'/ (%"1#0 /1#0 %.$0C N/&)0"#/ '" 1)1#/80 &/ 1):301 = 0.$/,)0#'$01 &/ 301 /&)#%$)03/1H %.$01 &/ $/A/$/"()0 = $/,)1#01 8K1 ()#0&01H 1/ 0?%$$0 '" :$0" /1>0()%H F'/ /,)#0
.)%-/%,0) E/1>/(#% 0 1' 03(0"(/H /1#/ 01*" 2$##$&"*1$& !"#$#%&'.)$#& )( %* 3$4%$* /1 #%&% 3% /4?0'1#),% F'/ >'/&/ 1/$C P%"#)/"/ /"#$0&01 $/A/$/"#/1 0T b%&%1 3%1 3).$%1 &/ 30 R).3)0H (0"*")(%1H &/'#/$%(0"*")(%1 = 03:'"%1 0>*($)A%1T )"#$%&'(()*"H $/&0(()*" = (%"#/")&%C b%&%1 3%1 #%>*")8%1 = >%.30()%"/1 F'/ 1/ ()#0" /" /330H (%" /1>/()03 0#/"()*" 0 301 :$0"&/1 ()'&0&/1 = /1(/"0$)%1 8K1 $/>$/1/"#0#),%1 &/ 30 ?)1#%$)0 10:$0&0H 1/:L" 3%1 $/1'3#0&%1 8K1 $/()/"#/1 &/ 30 0$F'/%3%:50C b%&%1 3%1 >/$1%"0B/1 &/3 -b = &/3 cbH 0&/8K1 &/ 3%1 &/ 30 @>%(0 )"#/$#/1#08/"#0$)0 F'/ )"()&/" G3 (%"B'"#% &/ 3%1 01>/(#%1 0:$5(%301 = 8)"/$03/1 &/3 8'"&% .5.3)(%C >%9%1H ()1#/$"01H $/&)3/1 = 0>$)1(%1C 20 ,)&0 >$),0&0H 30 /&'(0()*" &/ 3%1 ?)B%1H 3%1 0&%$"%1 = /3 (')&0&% >/$1%"03S 301 30.%$/1 &/3 ?%:0$ = &/3 (08>%C 20 :/%:$0A50 .5.3)(0 = 1'1 0(()&/"#/1S (08)"%1H 8%"#0Q01H #%$$/"#/1H ,033/1H /#(C 20 ?)1#%$)0 &/ 301 ()'&0&/1[/1#0&%H &/ 3%1 $/)"%1 = &/ 3%1 )8>/$)%1 &/ 30 @>%(0 .5.3)(0T 7)"01#501H :%./$"0"#/1H $/=/1 = /8>/$0&%$/1C 201 )"1#)#'()%"/1 >%35#)(01 = 301 /1#$'(#'$01 1%()03/1H &/1&/ /3 "%80&)18% 0 30 8%"0$F'50C 201 3/":'01 .5.3)(01S 30 >0>)$%3%:50H = 3%1 80"'1($)#%1 &/ d'8$K" = c0: e0880&)C 20 $/3):)*" &/ 3%1 >'/.3%1 ,/()"%1H 1'1 &),)")&0&/1H A%$801 &/ ('3#% = 3':0$/1 &/ 0&%$0()*"C 2%1 :$0"&/1 (%"(/>#%1 &/ 30 #/%3%:50H 30 @#)(0H 30 1)8.%3%:50 = 30 /4@:/1)1 .5.3)(01C 2%1 8@#%&%1 /4/:@#)(%1 B'&5%1 = ($)1#)0"%1S 3%1 3).$%1 #$0&)()%"03/1 &/3 B'&0518% = (%$$)/"#/1 F'/ /1#K" &/#$K1 &/3 ($)1#)0")18%T ?/3/")18%H 0>%(03)>#)()18%H :"%1#)()18%H /#(C 201 #$0&'(()%"/1 = ,/$1)%"/1 0"#):'01 &/ 30 R).3)0C b%&%1 /1#%1 = %#$%1 >'"#%1 /"$)F'/(/" /1#/ 01*" 2$##$&"*1$& !"#$#%&'.)$#& )( %* 3$4%$* H F'/ 1)" &'&0 1/$K &/ 8'(?0 '#)3)&0& 0 '" >L.3)(% 3/(#%$ "'8/$%1%C 20 (30$)&0& = &/"1)&0&H 01/F').3/ 0 #%&%1H >%"/ /1#0 %.$0 03 03(0"(/ &/ 3%1 "% /1>/()03)1#01 = #08.)@" &/ #%&%1 0F'/33%1 F'/ >$%A/1)%"038/"#/ 1/ &/&)(0" 03 /1#'&)% .5.3)(%C
1# 2+) 0/ #)+ ,0,)3$+ )(,4,%$#/+ 2%1 0$#5('3%1 0>0$/(/" .0B% /3 /"(0./908)/"#% &/ 30 >030.$0 (01#/330"0H 1'.%$&)"0&%1 0 3%1 #@$8)"%1 ?/.$/%1 = :$)/:%1 &/ 3%1 F'/ /3 ,%(0.3% (01#/330"% /1 #$0&'(()*"C f0$0 0='&0$ 0 3%1 )"#/$/10&%1 F'/ F')/$0" /1#'&)0$ (0&0 >030.$0 (%" 8K1 &/#033/ /" /3 (%"#/4#% :/"/$03 &/ 30 R).3)0H (0&0 >030.$0 ?/.$/0 = :$)/:0 ,0 0"#/(/&)&0 &/ 1' "L8/$% (%$$/1>%"&)/"#/ /" 30 5&"#&1)*"#$* &/ g08/1 M#$%":H &%"&/ 1/ >'/&/" 0>$/()0$ 301 ,/(/1 F'/ 0>0$/(/ = 1'1 &),/$1%1 (%"#/4#%1C P$//8%1 F'/ /1#0 "'8/$0()*" &/ M#$%": 1/$K &/ :$0" '#)3)&0& >%$F'/ 8/&)0"#/ /330 1/ >'/&/ 0((/&/$ )"8/&)0#08/"#/ 0 0F'/3301 %.$01 0"K3%:01 F'/ 30 '#)3)90"H #0"#% /" (01#/330"% (%8% /" )":3@1H 0&/8K1 &/ >%&/$ '10$30 )"#/$"08/"#/C M/ %A$/(/ '"0 #$0"13)#/$0()*" &/ 30 >030.$01 ?/.$/01 % :$)/:01H %A$/()/"&% 1' >$%"'"()0()*" vi
Introducción
1'80$)0H F'/H 1/:L" 30 )8>%$#0"()0 &/3 #@$8)"%H &0 3':0$ 0 '" 08>3)% 0"K3)1)1 /#)8%3*:)(% = 1/8K"#)(%H 1/:L" 1' '1% /" &)1#)"#%1 (%"#/4#%1 = #)/8>%1 .5.3)(%1C -15H /3 3/(#%$ /"(%"#$0$K 3%1 &0#%1 .K1)(%1 &/ 3%1 #@$8)"%1 ?/.$/%1 &/3 -b = &/ 3%1 #@$8)"%1 :$)/:%1 &/3 cbH (%" $/A/$/"()01 0&)()%"03/1 0 30 #$0&'(()*" :$)/:0 &/ 30 M/>#'0:)"#0 = 0 30 ,/$1)*" 30#)"0 &/ 30 <'3:0#0H 015 (%8% ,0$)0"#/1 0$08/01C 20 80=%$ >0$#/ &/ 301 ()#01 (%$$/1>%"&/" 0 30 ,/$1)*" E/)"0[<03/$0 6XIJ WE0$/(/" %#$01 (%$$/1>%"&)/"#/1 0 %#$01 #$0&'(()%"/1H )"&)(0&01 >%$ 30 0.$/,)0#'$0 (%$$/1>%"&)/"#/H = /" 03:'"%1 (01%1 (%$$/1>%"&/ 0 30 &/3 >$%>)% 0'#%$ &/3 0$#5('3%C P0&0 /"#$0&0 (%"(3'=/ $/8)#)/"&% 0 %#$01 >030.$01 F'/ (%8>3/8/"#0" /3 #/80H >$%,/=/"&% 015 '"0 1/$)/ &/ $/A/$/"()01 ($'90&01C f0$0 30 #$0"13)#/$0()*" 1/ ?0" #/")&% /" ('/"#0 ($)#/$)%1 &/ '#)3)&0&H = 1/ ?0 $/"'"()0&% 0 1/:')$ &/ 301 3/":'01 .5.3)(01 = >%&$K 3//$ &)$/(#08/"#/ 301 >030.$01C 20 3/(#'$0 &/ 30 #$0"13)#/$0()*"H F'/ 1):'/ 301 "%$801 '1'03/1 &/3 (01#/330"%H &0$K 03 3/(#%$ "% ,/$10&% /" 3%1 )&)%801 .5.3)(%1 '"0 F'/ /1 "/(/10$)% >0$0 F'/ /3 3/(#%$ 1/0 (%"1()/"#/ &/ &)A/$/"()01 /" ()/$#01 >030.$01H 1/ '10" 1):"%1 &)0($5#)(%1 >0$0 &)A/$/"()0$ /"#$/ ()/$#01 ,%(03/1H 0'"F'/ "% 0A/(#0" 0 30 >$%"'"()0()*"C 5)+ 10,-)(/+
vii
12345-1!6317 67 89:1;<8=>:8? @1A1:851? h 0.$/,C 0(C 0CPC 0&BC 0&,C 0$08C 0$#C -b R2Rg #C (0>C (AC (8C (%"BC (%"#$C 7ee &CPC &/$),C /#)8C A/8C :$C :$03C ?/.C ?)1#C )8>3C U:C ig< 30#C 3)#C 2;; 8C 81C % 811C 801C cRG c0$C >C/BC >3C >$)8C viii
$/8)#/ 0 %#$01 /"#$0&01 /" /1#/ &)(()%"0$)% 0.$/,)0#'$0 0(0&)% 0"#/1 &/ P$)1#% 0&B/#),% 0&,/$.)% 0$08/% 0$#5('3% -"#):'% b/1#08/"#% R).3)0 &/ 301 -8@$)(01 R).3)0 &/ g/$'103@" (/$(0H 0>$%4)80&08/"#/ (0>5#'3%W1] ,/$H (%8>0$0$H (%"1'3#0$ (/"#58/#$% (%"B'"()*" (%"#$0(()*" 7)%1 e0.30 e%= &/1>'@1 &/ P$)1#% &/$),0()*" /#)8%3%:50 A/8/")"% :$)/:% :/"/$038/"#/ ?/.$/% ?)1#%$)0 )8>3)(0()*" U)3%W1] i)": g08/1 #'0:)"#0 8/#$%W1] 80"'1($)#% % 80"'1($)#%1 801('3)"% c'/,0 R).3)0 G1>0Q%30 c'/,0 0$03/3% >%$ /B/8>3% >3'$03 >$)80$)08/"#/
Abreviaturas
>$%.C >$%3C E#C 1)":C bN bE #$0"1C ':$C ,C ,.C
>$%.0.3/8/"#/ >$%3%":0&0 E/)"0[<03/$0 -(#'03)90&0 E/)"0[<03/$0 6XIJ E/)"0[<03/$0 6XZZH $/,)1)*" >%$ ^$0"()1(% 20('/,0 M/>#'0:)"#0 1)":'30$ b/4#% N01%$@#)(% b/4#'1 E/(/>#'1 #$0"13)#/$0()*" ':0$5#)(% ,0$)0"#/ #/4#'03 ,/$.% 0"%[-8/$)(0"0 <'3:0#0
B7 C<..5=8 G" 30 .).3)%:$0A50 1%3% )"&)(08%1 30 >$)8/$0 /&)()*" /" (01#/330"%C -eP2 -R7 PRbG2 P^P P^^ P^f P^b 7-bf 7R 7R7R) 7R! 7P 7PR 7Pb 7&R
67( 8"*%-/$#*% 9(41(: *") 57*%)(( ;(<$#&"H R/"B08)" 70,)&1%"C e/"&$)(U1%"
f'.3)1?/$1H f/0.%&=H N- 6XXYH Zj /&C 67( 8"#7&1 3$4%( 2$#/$&"*1-H 70,)& c%/3 ^$//&80"H /&C 7%'.3/&0=H c'/,0 k%$U 6XX\C 5$#%&'()$* &= 3$4%$#*%> 67(&%&?$#*% *") !##%(+$*+/$#*% ;$/(1*/@1( H g%?" N(P3)"#%"U = g08/1 M#$%":C E)%H l)C \JJJC G&)()*" /3/(#$*")(0T VVVC0:/13).$0$=C(%8 5&"#('/&+ =@")*A("/*%(+ )(% #1$+/$*"$+A& H PC ^3%$)1#K" = gCgC b080=%H /&1C b$%##0H N0&$)& 6XXYC H Y ,%31C eC i$)":1H /&C e/$&/$H R0$(/3%"0 6XZZC 5&"#('/&+ =@")*A("/*%(+ )( '*+/&1*% C PC ^3%$)1#K" = gCgC b080=%H /&1C P$)1#)0"&0&H N0&$)& 6XmY H \ ,%31C eC ^$)/1H &)$C P$)1#)0"&0&H N0&$)& 6XZXC 2$##$&"*1$& )(% 8"/$?@& 6(+/*A("/&B C("/*/(@#&H bC 7/18%"& -3/40"&/$ = 70,)& lC R0U/$H /&1C P2!GH R0$(/3%"0 \J6\C 2$##$&"*1$& )( %* 3$4%$*H -"&$@[N0$)/ `/$0$&C -"0=0H N0$)% N'(?")(UH N0&$)& 6XX_C H P?0$3/1 ^C fA/)AA/$H /&C G&)#%$)03 N'"&% e)1>0"%H G3 f01% 6Xm\C 2$##$&"*1$& )( %* 3$4%$*H ;0.)/$ f)U090C G&)#%$)03
Abreviaturas
777 7G 7GR 7Gcb 7Gb 7GbN 7Gbf 7Gfcb 7Gf-cb 7NP 7cbb 7pbeR 7f-P 7E 7E/ 7EP 7MG 7b 7bR 7bPR 7b7 7b7P 7bG 7b^ 7b! 7b!R 7b!3 7bN 7bN-b 7bcb 7b
2$#/$&"*1- &= 2($/$(+ *") 2(A&"+ $" /7( 3$4%(> iC ,0" &/$ b%%$"H /&C R$)33H 2/)&/" 6XX_C 2$##$&"*1$& )( (+'$1$/@*%$)*) H Y ,%31C e/$&/$H R0$(/3%"0 6XmaC 2$##$&"*1$& ("#$#%&'.)$#& )( %* 3$4%$*H P/"#$% &/ !"A%$8K#)(0 = R).3)0 &/ 30
-.0&50 &/ N0$/&%'1H &)$C e/$&/$H R0$(/3%"0 6XXYC 2$##$&"*1$& (<(?./$#& )(% F@(G& 6(+/*A("/&H \ ,%31C e%$1# R039 = `/$?0$& M(?"/)&/$H /&1C M5:'/8/H M03080"(0 6XXIC H N0$()0"% <)&03C i0$3 en$80""H e/$&/$H R0$(/3%"0 6XZ_C 2$#/$&"*1- &= F(: 6(+/*A("/ 67(&%&?- H a ,%31C P%3)" R$%V"H /&C o%"&/$,0"H `$0"& E0>)&1 6XZ6C 2$#/$&"*1- &= /7( H%) 6(+/*A("/ 9$+/&1$#*% 3&&I+ H R)33 bC -$"%3& = eC `C NC l)33)081%"H /&1C !"#/$<0$1)#= f$/11H 7%V"/$1 `$%,/ \JJ_C \ ,%31E -C &) R/$0$&)"%H /&C M5:'/8/H M03080"(0 6XX6[6XX\C 2$##$&"*1$& )( %*+ 1(%$?$&"(+H ^C in"):H &)$C e/$&/$H R0$(/3%"0 6XIaC 2$##$&"*1$& )( %*+ 1(%$?$&"(+H fC f%'>0$&H /&C e/$&/$H R0$(/3%"0 6XmZC 2$##$&"*1$& )( 1(%$?$&"(+ #&A'*1*)*+H MC`C^C R$0"&%"H &)$C P$)1#)0"&0&H N0&$)& 6XZ_C 2$#/$&"*1- &= J#1$'/@1( *") !/7$#+H g%/3 RC `$//"H /&C R0U/$H `$0"& E0>)&1 \J66C C M/($/#0$)0&% b$)")#0$)%H M03080"(0 6XX\C H g%?0""/1 RC R0'/$H &)$C e/$&/$H R0$(/3%"0 6Xm_C `C ^3%$ M/$$0"%C P$)1#)0"&0&H N0&$)& 6XZXC H l%3A:0": R/)"/$#C e/$&/$H R0$(/3%"0 6XXJC H ;C f)U090 = cC M)30"/1H /&1CH M/($/#0$)0&% b$)")#0$)%H M03080"(0 6XX\C C )&1 q MfPiH 2%"&$/1 \JJ_C H ^$0"()1(% 20('/,0C P2!GH b/$$0110 \JJ6C H ^ E%./$#)C /&C G2GH R0$(/3%"0 6XIJC H \ ,%31C GC g/"") = PC l/1#/$80""H /&1C P$)1#)0"&0&H N0&$)& 6XZmC H 2C P%/"/"H GC R/=$/'#?/$H eC R$)/#/"?0$&C M5:'/8/H M03080"(0 6XXJH Yj /&C H -C ->0$)()% E%&$5:'/9 = gC P0"031 P0101C fC P30$/#)0"01H N0&$)& 6XmXC
Abreviaturas
7b
G&C P30$/#)0"01H N0&$)& 6XmXC !"#$#%&'()$* )( %* 3$4%$*H I ,%31CH -3/B0"&$% 75/9[N0(?%H /&C G&)()%"/1 `0$$):0H R0$(/3%"0 6XIYC !(1)A*"+ 2$#/$&"*1- &= /7( 3$4%(H 70,)& c%/3 ^$//&80"H /&C G/$&80"1H `$0"& E0>)&1 \JJJC !"#$#%&'()$* K@)*$#*H \I ,%31C P/()3 E%#?H &)$C i/#/$ f'.3)1?)": e%'1/H g/$'103@" 6XZ\ q !"#$#%&'()$* K@)*$#* #*+/(%%*"*S MC &/ EC 2C N@4)(%H 6Xam[6XaXC H \ ,%31C `003=0?' P%$"A/3&H &)$C f3090 r g0"@1H R0$(/3%"0 6XZJC 9(41(:L57*%)(( ;(<$#&" /& /7( H%) 6(+/*A("/ H eClC^C `/1/")'1C R0U/$H `$0"& E0>)&1 6XZX W%$:C 6maZ]C 01*" !"#$%&'()$* M$*%' C E)03>H N0&$)& 6XZ6C 67( D"/(1'1(/(1N+ 2$#/$&"*1- &= /7( 3$4%( H i/)#? P$)8H /&C -.)":&%"H c/V k%$Uq c01?,)33/ 6XI\C D"/(1"*/$&"*% J/*")*1) 3$4%( !"#-#%&'*()$*H g08/1 p$$H &)$C e%V0$&[M/,/$0"(/ P%CH P?)(0:% 6X6_C H !C G330('$50 = gC M%.$)"%H \ ,%31C b$%##0H N0&$)& 6XXJC H _ ,%31C gC ^/)"/$ = NC 2n?$/$H &)$1C P$)1#)0"&0&H N0&$)& 6XZZC H 0:"%")H `C f)0"0 = MC f$),)#/$0H /&1C M0" f0.3%H N0&$)& 6XXJC 67( F(: D"/(1'1(/(1N+ 3$4%( H 2/0"&/$ GC i/(UH /&C -.)":&%"H c01?,)33/ 6XXaC 67( F(: D"/(1'1(/(1N+ 2$#/$&"*1- &= /7( 3$4%( H i0#?/$)"/ 7%%. M0U/"A/3&H /&C -.)":&%"H c01?,)33/ \JJIC 67( F(: D"/(1"*/$&"*% 2$#/$&"*1- &= H%) 6(+/*A("/ 67(&%&?-> l)3?/38C -C <0"`/8/$/"H /&C o%"&/$,0"H `$0"& E0>)&1 6XXZC F@(G& 6(+/*A("/& $"/(1%$"(*% ?1$(?&L(+'*O&% H ^C 20('/,0C P2!GH R0$(/3%"0 6XmaC H ECRC `)$&3/1#%"/C P2!GH b/$$0110 6XmIC H i0$3 E0?"/$H &)$C e/$&/$H R0$(/3%"0 6XI6H 6XZ\H \j /&C 67(&%&?$#*% 2$#/$&"*1- &= /7( H%) 6(+/*A("/ H 66 ,%31C `C g%?0""/1 R%##/$V/(UH e/38/$ E)"::$/" = e/)"9[g%1/A ^0.$=H /&1C G/$&80"1H `$0"& E0>)&1 6XXXC 67(&%&?$#*% P&1)4&&I &= /7( H%) 6(+/*A("/ H \ ,%31C EC 20)$&H `3/01%" 2C -$(?/$ = R$'(/ iC l03#U/H /&1C N%%&= f$/11H P?)(0:% 6XmJC H ;0,)/$ 2/*"[7'A'%'$C e/$&/$H R0$(/3%"0 6Xm_H 6Yj /&C 67( Q&")(1G*" C$#/&1$*% !"#-#%&'()$* &= /7( 3$4%( H _ ,%31C N/$$)3 PC b/""/=H M#/,/" R0$0.01H /&1C o%"&/$,0"H `$0"& E0>)&1 6XZ_C
xi
Abreviaturas
F7 .DG1A=8:
3$4%$* 5&A("/*)*E C1&=(+&1(+ )( J*%*A*"#*C R-PH N0&$)& 6XIZC
H l)33)08 ^C ^0$8/$H /&C G&C 0"%H G3 f01% \J6JC C N0&$)&T G&)()%"/1 P$)1#)0"&0&H N0&$)& 6XZ\C !(1)A*"+ 5&AA("/*1- &" /7( 3$4%(H g08/1 7C `C 7'"" = g%?" lC E%:/$1%"H /&1C G/$&80"1H `$0"& E0>)&1 \JJYC H 7C `'#?$)/ = gC -C N%#=/$H /&1C PRfH G3 f01%H 6XZZC H E0=8%"& GCC R$%V"H g%1/>? -C ^)#98=/$H E%30"& GC N'$>?=H /&1C G&)#%$)03 0"=H `$0"& E0>)&1H N)(?):0"C F(: D"/(1"*/$&"*% 5&AA("/*1- &" /7( H%) 6(+/*A("/> RS G&%+E M&4(1/ ;E 9@44*1)
67( H<=&1) 3$4%( 5&AA("/*1- H g%?" R0$#%" = g%?" N'&&)80"H /&1C p4A%$& O"),/$1)#= f$/11H c/V k%$Uqp4A%$& \JJ6C 67( T@((1 3$4%( 5&AA("/*1- H 7/$=" `'/1#H E%./$# GC `%11H N%"0 l/1# = b?%801 R%?0(?/H /&1CH MPN f$/11H 2%"&$/1 \JJIC P&1) 3$4%$#*% 5&AA("/*1- C 67( P&A("N+ 3$4%( 5&AA("/*1- H P0$%3 -C c/V1%8 = M?0$%" eC E)":/H /&1C l/1#8)"1#/$ q g%?" i"%4H 2%')1,)33/ 6XX\C P-#%$==( 3$4%( 5&AA("/*1-H P?0$3/1 ^C fA/)AA/$ = G,/$/## ^C e0$$)1%"H /&1C N%%&= f$/11H P?)(0:% 6XI\C
I7 :1;
3@%%(/$" &= /7( 8A(1$#*" J#7&&%+ &= H1$("/*% M(+(*1#7 3$4%$#*E 3$4%$&/7(#* J*#1* 3$4%$#*% 67(&%&?- 3@%%(/$" 5*/7&%$# 3$4%$#*% T@*1/(1%-
C -1%()0()*" R5.3)(0 G1>0Q%30
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xii
Abreviaturas
MD3;8 U6 Q8P
-$:/"#)"0 U(/@+ 6(+/*A("/@A Q($/+#71$=/ =@1 )$( 8%//(+/*A("/%$#7( P$++("+#7*=/
J7 D9:8? .5K?<.8? 8"/ C 5$1E
0(&?E 0@(11*+ 9$+/E 9$+/E !#%E 9$+/E F*/ C D%E H)E M( M@+/E
^30,)% g%1/A%H C g/"%A%"#/H 5$1&'()$* C P)(/$*"H C G1#$0.*"H C ^30,)% g%1/A%H C 7)*" P01)%qbK()#%H 9$+/&1$*C G'1/.)%[M%($K#/1[M%9%8/"%H f3)")%H 9$+/&1$* "*/@1*%E e%8/$% e%8/$%H H)$+(*C <0$$*"H M(1@A M@+/$#*1@A )( 8?1$ 5@%/@1*C
L7 5<9:D? C1 58 9<95<8 P0"*")(%1 8%-,42) =/+-$3/%-) `"C `@"/1)1 G4C s4%&% 2,C 2/,5#)(% c8C cL8/$%1 7#C 7/'#/$%"%8)% g%1C g%1'@ g'/C g'/(/1 E#C E'# 6 M08C 6 M08'/3 \ M08 \ M08'/3 6 EC 6 E/=/1 \ EC \ E/=/1 6 P$%C 6 P$*")(01 \ P$%C \ P$*")(01 G1&C G1&$01 c/?C c/?/8501 G1#C G1#/$ g%. g%. M03C M038%1 f$%,C f$%,/$.)%1
G(3C P0"#C !1C g/$C 208C G9C 70"C p1C g3C -8C -.&C g%"C N)FC c0?C e0.C M%AC e0:C o0(C N03C
G(3/1)01#@1 P0"#0$/1 !10501 g/$/8501 208/"#0()%"/1 G9/F')/3 70")/3 p1/01 g%/3 -8*1 -.&501 g%"K1 N)F'/01 c0?L8 e0.0('( M%A%"501 e0:/% o0(0$501 N030F'501
xiii
Abreviaturas
A2/N) =/+-$3/%-) N#C N0#/% N(C N0$(%1 2(C 2'(01 g"C g'0" e(?C e/(?%1 E%C E%80"%1 6 P%$C 6 P%$)"#)%1 \ P%$C \ P%$)"#)%1 `03C `K30#01 GAC GA/1)%1 ^3>C ^)3)>/"1/1 P%3C P%3%1/"1/1 6 b/1C 6 b/103%")(/"1/1 \ b/1 \ b/103%")(/"1/1
6 b)C \ b) b)#C ^38C e/.C M#:C 6 f&C \ f&C 6 g"C \ g"C Y g"C g'&C ->C
6 b)8%#/% \ b)8%#/% b)#% ^)3/8*" e/.$/%1 M0"#)0:% 6 f/&$% \ f/&$% 6 g'0" \ g'0" Y g'0" g'&01 ->%(03)>1)1
C/2-/()M$%*%,M)+ g&#C g'&)# b%.C b%.)# 6 N0(C 6 N0(0./%1 \ N0(C \ N0(0./%1
M0.C G(3%C R0$C
M0.)&'$50 G(3/1)K1#)(% R0$'(
?<@58? 1C<=D:<851? -.)":&%" -3)0"90 -38/"&$% R-P R0U/$ PRf P01(0&/ P30$/"&%" P30$/# P2P P%"(%$&)0 P2!G Pc Pcf Pf2 P$)1#)0"&0& xiv
-.)":&%" f$/11C c01?,)33/H bcC VVVC0.)":&%">$/11C(%8 -3)0"90 G&)#%$)03C b/3@80(%H aYC \mJ\Z N0&$)&C G&)()%"/1 G3 -38/"&$%C G3 -38/"&$%H IH .0B%C 6aJJI P*$&%.0C VVVC/3038/"&$%C(%8 R).3)%#/(0 &/ -'#%$/1 P$)1#)0"%1C 7%" E08*" &/ 30 P$'9H _ZC \mJJ6 N0&$)&C VVVC.0([/&)#%$)03C(%8 R0U/$ R%%U1H `$0"& E0>)&1H N!C VVVC.0U/$.%%U1C(%8 P010 R0'#)1#0 &/ f'.3)(0()%"/1C G3 f01%H b/401C P01(0&/ R%%U1 q l)>A 0"& M#%(U f'.3)1?/$1 6XX l/1# m#? -,/"'/H M')#/ YC G':/"/H pE XZaJ6[\XIJ P30$/"&%" f$/11H p4A%$&C G&)#%$)03 P30$/#C f0$/ P30$/#H 6_\C JmYXJH N%"#:0#H R0$(/3%"0C VVVC>'.3)(0()%"/1(30$/#)0"01C(%8 P/"#$%1 &/ 2)#/$0#'$0 P$)1#)0"0C ->0$#0&% \XZ\J R%:%#K 6H 7CPC P%3%8.)0C VVVC(3(C(%8C P%"(%$&)0 f'.3)1?)": e%'1/H Y__m M%'#? g/AA/$1%" M#C 2%')1H Np IY66mC VVVC(>?C%$: P2!GH ^/$$%(0$$)3H mC Jm\Y\ <)30&/(0,0331 WR0$(/3%"0]H VVVC(3)/C/1 G&)#%$)03 P)'&0& c'/,0C -"&$@1 b080=%H aC \mJ\m N0&$)&C VVVC()'&0&"'/,0C(%8 P010 c090$/"0 &/ f'.3)(0()%"/1H IaJ6 b?/ f01/%C i0"101 P)#=H N! Ia6Y6 P/"#$/ &/ f01#%$03 2)#L$:)(0C E),0&/"/=$0H IC JmJJ\ R0$(/3%"0C G&)()%"/1 P$)1#)0"&0&C M/$$0"%H _6H 6t )9FC \mJJI N0&$)&C VVVC/&)()%"/1($)1#)0"&0&C(%8 VVVC(1)(C/1q>'.)(0
Abreviaturas
POf POfM77R 7%'.3/&0= GPR G7G G7GM GG G/$&80"1 G2GNR GNP GNe Gf GMG GMGb GMb G<7 GOcM^PG ^%$#$/11 `0$$):0 e0$>/$ e/"&$)(U1%" e/$&/$ ef erM eOf !
P08.$)&:/ O"),/$1)#= f$/11H P08.$)&:/C VVVC(08.$)&:/C%$: POfM-H ->0$#0&% f%1#03 XZ[.)1 [ Pf JIaJJ [ N@4)(%H 7C^C N@4)(% 7/1(3@/ &/ R$%'V/$H e/0"% IH YtC amJJX R)3.0%C VVVC/&/1(3//C(%8 7%'.3/&0= r P%8>0"= !"(C c/V k%$UC G&)()%"1 P$)1#)0"/1 R5.3)F'/1C ->0$#0&% 6JJ_YC JmJmJ R0$(/3%"0 G&)()%"/1 &/ G1>)$)#'03)&0&C b$)0"0H XC \mJ6I N0&$)&C VVVC/&)#%$)03&//1>)$)#'03)&0&C(%8 G&)()%"/1 G1('$)03/"1/1C E/03 N%"01#/$)%C \m\JJ M0" 2%$/"9% &/3 G1(%$)03 WN0&$)&]H VVVC/&/1C/1 G&)()%"/1 G"('/"#$%C P/&0(/$%1H YH \tC \mJ6a N0&$)&C VVVC/&)()%"/1[/"('/"#$%C/1 l8C RC G/$&80"1C `$0"& E0>)&1H N!C VVVC//$&80"1C(%8 G&)()%"/1 201 -8@$)(01H ->0$#0&% ZmC Z\JJJ f'/.30H f'/C N@4)(%C G&)#%$)03 N'"&% R5.3)(%H -$#/8) M/8)&0" aX u 6tH Y_JJX 201 f03801 &/ `$0" P0"0$)0 8'"&%.).3)(%v?%#80)3C(%8 G&)#%$)03 N%"#/ P0$8/3%C ->0$#0&% 6XC JXJmJ R'$:%1C VVVC8%"#/(0$8/3%C(%8 G&)#%$)03 N'"&% e)1>0"%H G3 f01%H b/401C ?##>Tqq/&)#%$)038?C%$: G&)#%$)03 f/$/:$)"%C 20 -38090$0H 6XC 6YY_J N%$03 &/ P030#$0,0 WP)'&0& E/03]C VVVC/&)#%$)03>/$/:$)"%C(%8 G&)#%$)03 M0" G1#/.0"C ->0$#0&% 6ZC YZJmJ M03080"(0C VVVC/&10"/1#/.0"C&%8)")(%1C%$: G&)#%$)03 GMGbC R/0#% b%8K1 &/ o'8K$$0:0H IZ [->0$#0&% mI[ J6JmJ <)#%$)0[`01#/)9C G&)()%"/1 M/($/#0$)0&% b$)")#0$)%H -,&0C ^)3)./$#% <)3303%.%1H mJH YZJJZ M03080"(0C VVVC0/(0/C/1q1/($/#$)")#0$)% G&)#%$)03 3%"0H a6C Y6\JJ G1#/330 Wc0,0$$0]C VVVC,/$.%&),)"%C/1 G&)()%"/1 O"),/$1)&0& &/ c0,0$$0C f90C &/ 3%1 M0'(/1H 6 = \C Y6J6J R0$0QK)" Wc0,0$$0]C VVVC/'"10C/1 ^%"&% &/ P'3#'$0 G(%"*8)(0C N@4)(%C -$:/"#)"0C R$01)3C P?)3/C ^%$#$/11 f$/11C N)""/0>%3)1H NcC VVVCA%$#$/11>$/11C(%8 G&)()%"/1 `0$$):0C R0$(/3%"0C ->0$#0&% &/ P%$$/%1 6I_C amXJ6 R0$0(03&%C e0$>/$ P%33)":1 f'.3)1?/$1C VVVC?0$>/$(%33)"1C(%8 e/"&$)(U1%" f'.3)1?/$1C f/0.%&=H N0110(?'1/##1C G&)#%$)03 e/$&/$C f$%,/"90H YmmC JmJ\_ R0$(/3%"0C VVVC?/$&/$/&)#%$)03C(%8 e/$03& f$/11H I6I l03"'# -,/"'/C M(%##&03/H f- 6_ImY[6XXXC e%&&/$ r M#%':?#%" VVVC?%&&/$C(%C'U e0$,0$& O"),/$1)#= f$/11H ZX `0$&/" M#$//# P08.$)&:/H N- J\6YmC VVVC?'>C?0$,0$&C/&' !"#/$<0$1)#= f$/11H 7%V"/$1 `$%,/H !2 IJ_6_C VVVC),>$/11C(%8 2).$%1 7/10A5% WM2PH G7)&1H N)(?):0" aX_IJ[66JJ 2)#'$:)(03 f$/11H P%33/:/,)33/H NcC VVVC3)#>$/11C%$: `$'>% G&)#%$)03 2'8/"H R'/"%1 -)$/1C VVVC3'8/"C(%8C0$ G&)()%"/1 N/"10B/$%H M0"(?% &/ -9>/)#)0H \ .0B%C amJ6a R)3.0%C VVVC8/"10B/$%C(%8 c0$(/0 G&)()%"/1H -,C 7$C ^/&/$)(% E'.)% = `035H XC \mJYX N0&$)&C VVVC"0$(/0/&)()%"/1C/1 xv
Abreviaturas
c/31%" pf pOf f%$#0,%9 fOf M-f MRO M(?%30$1 M($)."/$ MG M5:'/8/ Mf MfPi Mb b$)")#= b$%##0 b="&03/ OR!2OPf OfM OMP <)&0 lgi l%$& kOf o%"&/$,0"
xvi
b?%801 c/31%"H c01?,)33/H bcC VVVC#?%801"/31%"C(%8 p'#$/0(? f'.3)(0#)%"1C `$0"& E0>)&1H N)(?):0"C p4A%$& O"),/$1)#= f$/11H p4A%$&C G&)#%$)03 f%$#0,%9C i$/:/3 f'.3)(0#)%"1C fCpC R%4 \IJZC `$0"& E0>)&1H N! aX_J6C VVVC>%$#0,%9C(%8 f$)"(/#%" O"),/$1)#= f$/11H a6 l)33)08 M#$//#H f$)"(/#%"H c/V g/$1/= Jm_aJC ?##>Tqq>$/11C>$)"(/#%"C/&' M%()/&0&/1 R5.3)(01 O")&01C M(?%30$1 f$/11C -#30"#0C M($)."/$C c'/,0 k%$UC M0"#0"&$/' G&)#%$C -,/")&0 &/ E%80H XZC JmJ\X R0$(/3%"0C G&)()%"/1 M5:'/8/H ->0$#0&% YY\C YZJmJ M03080"(0C VVVC1):'/8/C/1 M0" f0.3%H E/1)"0H 6C \mJ\6 N0&$)&C VVVC10">0.3%C/1 MfPi f$/11H YI P0'1#%" M#$//#H 2%"&$/1 Ml6f aMbC VVVC1>(UC%$:C'U G&)#%$)03 M03 b/$$0/C ->0$#0&% ZZC YXJmJ M0"#0"&/$C VVVC103#/$$0/C/1 b$)")#= f$/11H aZZ_ 2)":3/1#%V" E&H e0$$)1.'$:H f-C G&)#%$)03 b$%##0C M0:01#0 YYC \mJJa N0&$)&C VVVC#$%##0C/1 b="&03/ e%'1/ f'.3)1?/$1H P0$%3 M#$/08H !33)"%)1C VVVC#="&03/C(%8 O"),/$1)&0& R5.3)(0 20#)"%08/$)(0"0H ->0$#0&% XJ6[6JJJH M0" g%1@H P%1#0 E)(0C VVVC'.)30C"/# O"),/$1)#= %A P?)(0:% f$/11H 6a\Z GC IJ#? M#$//# P?)(0:%H !2 IJIYZC VVVC>$/11C'(?)(0:%C/&' M03080"(0C VVVC'>10C/1 O"),/$1)#= %A M%'#? P0$%3)"0 f$/11H P%3'8.)0C G&)#%$)03 <)&0C mY\_ cl _Y$& M#$//#H M')#/ 6JJC N)08)H ^2 YY6IIC VVVC/&)#%$)03,)&0C(%8 l/1#8)"1#/$ g%?" i"%4 f$/11H 2%')1,)33/H i/"#'(U=C VVVCVBU.%%U1C(%8 l%$& R%%U1C 703301 k03/ O"),/$1)#= f$/11C c/V e0,/"H PbC ?##>Tqq=03/>$/11C=03/C/&'q='>.%%U1 o%"&/$,0"C `$0"& E0>)&1H N!C VVVC9%"&/$,0"C(%8
5: f$%A/1%$ #)#'30$ &/ ^)3%1%A50 0&1($)#% 03 7/>0$#08/"#% &/ ^)3%1%A50 f$K(#)(0 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ R0$(/3%"0C P0#/&$K#)(% b)#'30$ /" 30 ^0('3#0& &/ b/%3%:50 &/ R0$(/3%"0 /" M0" P':0# &/3 <033@1 W6XIJ[ZJ]C 7$C /" b/%3%:50 /" 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ !""1.$'(U W-'1#$)0] 7"?/'$ 4: 1$?"&": -1/1%$ /4/:@#)(% >0$0 30 #$0&'(()*" &/3 -"#):'% b/1#08/"#% 03 T&A Wb%.0] (%" M%()/&0&/1 R5.3)(01C f$%A/1%$ &/ R).3)0 W-"#):'% b/1#08/"#%] /" /3 !"1#)#'#% R5.3)(% R'/"%1 -)$/1 = /" %#$01 )"1#)#'()%"/1 &/ A%$80()*" #/%3*:)(0 /,0":@3)(0 &/3 `$0" R'/"%1 -)$/1C 2&%C /" b/%3%:50 /" /3 !MG7Gb W6XXa]S /1#'&)%1 &/ >%1#:$0&% / )",/1#):0()*"H 03(0"90"&% /3 2$'%&A* )( %("?@* 7(41(* &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& e/.$/0 &/ g/$'103@" W6XXZ]C 1.,'$ @$A".'> 5"$&'>: f$%A/1%$ &/ M0:$0&01 G1($)#'$01 /" /3 M/8)"0$)% N0=%$ &/ M0"#)0:% &/3 G1#/$% W-$:/"#)"0]H = &/ b/%3%:50 /" 30 O"),/$1)&0& P0#*3)(0 &/ 30 8)180 ()'&0&C P%"1'3#%$ !"#/$"0()%"03 &/ 30 $/,)1#0 R%3),0$)0"0 WP%3%8.)0]C 2&%C /" b/%3%:50 R5.3)(0 /" 30 ^0('3#0& R5.3)(0 ^$0"()1(0"0 &/ g/$'103@" B"#$) 1*&,C"(D: 7/(0"% &/ 30 ^0('3#0& &/ b/%3%:50 &/3 !MG7Gb WR'/"%1 -)$/1H -$:/"#)"0 6XXI[ \JJa]C 7%(#%$ /" b/%3%:50 W!MG7GbH 6XX\]S P'$1%1 &/ >%1#:$0&% /" D%$== J#7&&% &= 67(&%&?W7/",/$H GGCOO]C E".=) 2".)$=*: f01#%$ &/ 30 !:3/1)0 <03&/"1/: f$%A/1%$ )",)#0&% /" /3 !"1#)#'#% O"),/$1)#0$)% !MG7Gb : 7$C /" b/%3%:50H /1>/()03)90&% /" -bH /" /3 !"1#C O"),/$1)#0$)% !MG7Gb WR'/"%1 -)$/1H -$:/"#)"0]C 7'."F=* 2%3%:50 #/%3*:)(0 / e)1#%$)0 &/ 30 b/%3%:50 (%"#/8>%$K"/0 /" 30 ^0('3#0& &/ b/%3%:50 &/ `$0"0&0 WG1>0Q0]C 7%(#%$ /" b/%3%:50 A'"&08/"#03 H<$,I 2'*$$,/.': 7)>3%80#'$0 /" P)/"()01 R5.3)(01 /" /3 !RG &/ f0$51C R0(?)33/$ = NK1#/$ /" b/%3%:50 /" /3 PG!R!C 7%(#%$0&% /" b/%3%:50 /" 30 b?/%3%:)(03 O"),/$1)#= %A -8/$)(0C H'.*"*&) 2'.?'G) 3/#,): P0#/&$K#)(% &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ R0$(/3%"0 WN01#/$ &/ e)1#%$)0 &/ 301 E/3):)%"/1]C 7$C /" ^)3%1%A50 WOcG7CH N0&$)&]C G1#'&)%1 &/ 2/":'0 P%>#0 W10?5&)(%] /" /3 !!Gfp-[!"1#)#'#% !"#/$'"),/$1)#0$)% &/ G1#'&)%1 &/3 f$*4)8% p$)/"#/ -"#):'% WR0$(/3%"0]H N01#/$ /" e)1#%$)0 &/ 301 E/3):)%"/1 WO"),/$1)#0# -'#w"%80 &/ R0$(/3%"0] : N)/8.$% &/ 30 9("E J".+?/+ 2'K'.: f$%A/1%$ &/ b/%3%:50 /" /3 !"1#)#'#% b/%3*:)(% &/ 30 O")*" P/"#$%1 R5.3)(%1 WP?)3/]C B$/+".() 2)*,$$" 1()9+": 7$C /" 7),)")&0&/1 >%$ M%'#? ^3%$)&0 P/"#/$ A%$ b?/%3%:)(03 M#'&)/1C N0:)1#/$ b?/%3%:)0/ >%$ f$)"(/#%" b?/%3%:)(03 M/8)"0$=H f$)"(/#%" Wc/V g/$1/=H GGCOOC]C 2&%C /" ^)3%3%:50H 2)":x51#)(0 = 2)#/$0#'$0 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ P%1#0 E)(0C E"*,'$ 2)*,$$" 3=)9: P0#/&$K#)(%H = >$%A/1%$ &/ ?/.$/% .5.3)(% = :$)/:% .5.3)(%C NK1#/$ /" 2)":x51#)(0 /1>0Q%30H O"),/$1)&0& &/ P%1#0 E)(0H M0" g%1@ WP%1#0 E)(0]C 7%(#%$0&% /" 30 R).3)0H M/8)"0$)% &/ 30 O")*" f$/1.)#/$)0"0H E)(?8%"& W<)$:)")0]C NK1#/$ /" /1#'&)%1 #/%3*:)(%1H M/8)"0$)% &/ 30 O")*" b/%3*:)(0 = G1('/30 >$/1.)#/$)0"0 &/ /&'(0()*" ($)1#)0"0H E)(?8%"& W<)$):)")0]C 2)(/"()0#'$0 /" P)/"()01 .5.3)(01H O"),/$1)&0& R5.3)(0 20#)"%08/$)(0"0H M0" g%1@ WP%1#0 E)(0]C xvii
Lista de colaboradores
1*+)*,) L".?)*" J'.'&,": 7)$/(#%$ &/ 30 G&)#%$)03 N'"&% R5.3)(%C P0"&)&0#% 0 30 2)(/"()0#'$0 /" G1#'&)%1 G(3/1)K1#)(%1 >%$ /3 !"1#)#'#% M'>/$)%$ &/ b/%3%:50 &/ 301 !1301 P0"0$)01 W0&?/$)&% 0 30 ^0('3#0& &/ b/%3%:50 &/ R'$:%1]C E"*,'$ L"9"&) LM?".": -'#%$ = .).3)1#0 /,0":@3)(%C -"()0"% &/ 30 !:3/1)0 G,0":@3)(0 &/ N*1#%3/1 WN0&$)&]C 1N.,O,*) L"#'>0* 8".+=* : 2)(/"()0&% /" ^)3%3%:50 P3K1)(0 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ R0$(/3%"0 = 6$(11* J*"/* Wg/$'103@"]C L<9". L".#/$$"*(" PQC'>: O"),/$1)&0& P0#*3)(0 &/3 N0'3/ WP?)3/]C ;)9< 8"*/'$ L"C"9 3'=$$): !",/1#):0&%$ /" /3 7/>0$#08/"#% &/ ^)3%3%:50 `$/(%30#)"0 &/3 !"1#)#'#% &/ ^)3%3%:50 &/3 PM!P WN0&$)&]C 2&%C /" ^)3%3%:50 P3K1)(0 = /" ^)3%3%:50 R5.3)(0 b$)3)":x/ >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& P%8>3'#/"1/ &/ N0&$)&C 7$C /" ^)3%3:50 20#)"0 = &)>3%80&% /" 3/":'0 (%>#0 /" /3 !"1#)#'#% &/ 2/":'01 %$)/"#03/1 M0" g'1#)"% &/ N0&$)&C G1#'&)%1 &/ >%1#:$0&% /" 30 ^0('3#0& &/ b/%3%:50 G,0":@3)(0 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ b'.)":0C 7"$A"&). L"..,$$) 1$&"K: ^'"&0&%$ &/3 !"1#)#'#% &/ f01#%$03 R5.3)(0 /" N@4)(%H 7C ^C G4 7)$/(#%$ &/ 30 M/(()*" R5.3)(0 &/3 !"1#)#'#% b/%3*:)(% f01#%$03 &/3 PG2-N /" N/&/335" WP%3%8.)0]C 7$C &/ g@$'103/8 W6X_I]C 2&%C /" b/%3%:50 WO"),/$1)&0& &/ M0"#% b%8K1H 6X_a]C R)*>"$) &'$ L'..) L"$&'.0*: f$%A/1%$ b)#'30$ &/ ^)3%3%:50 `$)/:0 /" 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ NK30:0C 7$C /" ^)3%3%:50 `$)/:0 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ NK30:0C 2&%C /" b/%3%:50 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& `$/:%$)0"0 &/ E%80: 2&%C /" M0:$0&0 G1($)#'$0 /" /3 !"1#)#'#% R5.3)(% &/ E%80C 2&%C /" P3K1)(01 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ M03080"(0C S')O)$&) L'.A"*+'9 T.+,>: 7$C /" ^)3%1%A50 = 2/#$01H O"),/$1)&0& -'#*"%80 &/ N@4)(%C NK1#/$ /" b/%3%:50H M/8)"0$)% f$/1.)#/$)0"% &/ N@4)(%C ;/"* L".$)9 L'A"$$)9: 7$C /" b/%3%:50 = N0:)1#/$ /" b/%3%:50C M/8)"0$)% b/%3*:)(% R0'#)1#0 !"#/$"0()%"03 &/ P03)H P%3%8.)0C 2)(/"()0&% /" b/%3%:50C M/8)"0$)% G,0":@3)(% -1%()0&%H N0$0(0=H 0"01 &/ `0)#?/$1.'$: = `/$80"#%V" WN0$=30"&H GGC OOC] = >$%A/1%$ ,)1)#0"#/ /" 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ N%"#/8%$/3%1 Wc'/,% 2/*"H 1*+)*,) L./>: f$%A/1%$ &/3 P/"#$% &/ G1#'&)%1 b/%3*:)(%1 &/ R0$(/3%"0C P0#/&$K#)(% &/ R)%3%:50 = g/A/ &/3 M/8)"0$)% &/ P)/"()01 G4>/$)8/"#03/1 &/3 !GM N0#0&/>/$0 WR0$(/3%"0]C 2&%C /" P)/"()01 R)%3*:)(01 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ R0$(/3%"0C 7$C /" R)%3%:50 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ R0$(/3%"0C ;)9< 8"*/'$ E="> U"*'9: E/(#%$ &/3 P/"#$% &/ !",/1#):0()%"/1 R5.3)(01 WPG!R!H M0"#0 P$'9 &/ b/"/$)A/]C 7%(#%$ /" ^)3%1%A50 >%$ b?/ b?/%3%:)(03 O"),/$1)#= %A -8/$)(0 WGGC OOC]C 7%(#%$ /" M0:$0&0 b/%3%:50 >%$ /3 M#C -3(')" e%'1/ P%33/:/ WGGC OOC]C N0:51#/$ /" b/%3%:50 G1>)$)#'03 >%$ 30 ^0('3#0& b/%3*:)(0 yb/$/1)0"'8z &/ E%80C 2&%C /" b/%3%:50 >%$ /3 M/8)"0$)% R5.3)(% 20#)"%08/$)(0"% &/ P%1#0 E)(0C N)/8.$% &/ 30 -1%()0()*" R5.3)(0 G1>0Q%30 W-RG]C -.'*' H)/$V'9: R).3)1#0 = /1>/()03)1#0 /" :$)/:% &/3 c'/,% b/1#08/"#%C f?C7C f$%A/1%$0 G8@$)#0 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& R5.3)(0 20#)"%08/$)(0"0H /" M0" g%1@ WP%1#0 E)(0]C H."*(,9() R".(=" 2">M*: f$%A/1%$ P%"1'3#% = 7)$/(#%$ &/3 P!^e!EG WOi]S 7/(0"% &/ 30 ^0('3#0& &/ ^)3%1%A50 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ i/""/&=H &/1&/ 6XmXS f$%A/1%$ b)#'30$ &/ 30 G1('/30 &/ `$0&'0&%1 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ i/""/&=H &/1&/ 6XmZC 2&%C /" ^)3%1%A50 W^0('3#0& &/ ^)3%1%A50 = 2/#$01 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ R'/"%1 -)$/1]H 7$C /" ^)3%1%A50 W^0('3#0& &/ ^)3%1%A50 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/3 M03,0&%$]C !".(,9,) R",+"* 2.,('*): 7%(/"#/ )",/1#):0&%$ &/ 30 ^0('3#0& &/ b/%3%:50 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0&
xviii
Lista de colaboradores
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`"%& 6T3R;> EF$;&. !/ G&2H./ F#> /( ?/"%"4@&K /0!/,*&%*1&1 /( T()*4B" ?/0)&A/()" 6M"(,"#1*& J/A*(&#L 1/ J&*() ="B*0K RR>-->;> F",/()/ 1/ %& -(*./#0*1&1 3@V%*,& =&)*("&A/#*,&(&> G*/AV#" 1/ %& S#&)/#(*1&1 ?/"%H4*,& =&)*("&A/#*,&(&K ./&%0$-"#&- 12$3-30"#&- 43#"$'5K ./&%0$-"#& 6"))"3-30"#&- 43#"$'5K K K > I$# G&.H-,,/ F*#/,)"# 1/ J/(1/#*0K /1*)"# 1/ 12$3-30"#&- 7$8)K 1/ %& M"A*0*H( ?/"%H4*,& 1/ %& T%*&(N& R.&(4P%*,& GB(1*&%> (-%&%A$ 0$J%- ($27<,-7=(&2A%&/ G*/AV#" 1/ %& T0",*&,*H( R0!&`"%& 1/ M&("(*0)&0K TV"4&1" L Z#&1B&1" J",*&%K =/)#&1" 1/% ?#*VB(&% 1/ %& C")& 1/ %& QB(,*&)B#& T!"0)H%*,&> M#/&1"# 1/ %& a/V WRT3 6W(0)*)B)" 1/ R0)B1*"0 T#[B/"%H4*,"0 3@V%*,"0;> I-2" K%L:-%/ C/,)"# 1/% WJRFR? 1/ 7888 & DEE:< F*#/,)"# 1/ %& 3*V%*")/,& 1/% WJRFR?> M""#1*(&1"# 1/% F/!&#)&A/()" 1/ 3*V%*&> =1"> /( ?/"%"4@& 6S&,B%)&1 1/ ?/"%"4@& 1/% WJRFR?K 3B/("0 T*#/0;> F#> /( ?/"%"4@& 6S&,B%)&1 1/ ?/"%"4@& 1/% WJRFR?K 3B/("0 T*#/0;> F#> /( ?/"%"4@& 6S&,B%)/*) 1/# Z"14/%//#1U/*) 1/ %& b#*c/ -(*./#0*)/*)K dA0)/#1&AK Y"%&(1&;> @%&2)5.)$ D&)1-M& D&J&%:& / ?/H%"4" /.&(4P%*,"> F#> /( J&4#&1& ?/"%"4@& !"# %& -(*./#0*1&1 '"()*+*,*& 1/ J&%&A&(,&>
xix
Lista de colaboradores
H'.*"*&) W$',*: -"#$%>*3%:% 1%()03 = ('3#'$03 (%" &),/$1%1 >%1#:$0&%1 = 80/1#$501 /" 1' ?0./$C 7)$/(#%$ &/ 3%1 ('$1%1 &/ -"#$%>%3%:50 M%()03 = P'3#'$03 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& f%3)#@(")(0 &/3 O$':'0=C 7$C /" -"#$%>%3%:50 M%()03 = P'3#'$03 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ R0$(/3%"0 WG1>0Q0]S N01#/$ /" M%()%3%:50 >%$ 30 ^0('3#0& &/ P)/"()01 M%()03/1 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ 30 E/>L.3)(0 WO$':'0=]C N)/8.$% &/ 30 -8/$)(0" -"#?$%>%3%:)(03 -11%()0#)%"H 30 G'$%>/0" -11%()0#)%" %A M%()03 -"#?$%>%3%:)1#1 = 30 !"#/$"0#)%"03 M%()%3%:)(03 -11%()0#)%"C W: 3'*"+) S,*N9: 2&%C /" 2/#$01 e)1>K")(01 /" 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ P%>/"?0:'/ W7)"080$(0]S G1#'&)%1 &%(#%$03/1 /" #/%3%:50 /" /3 &/ G4/#/$ W!":30#/$$0]C N)/8.$% &/ 30 J&#$(/- =&1 H%) 6(+/*A("/ J/@)- WE/)"% O")&%]H J&#$(/- =&1 /7( J/@)- &= 67(&%&?- WE/)"% O")&%] = J&#$(/- &= 3$4%$#*% ;$/(1*/@1( WGGCOOC]C 1$F)*9) S)(VX".& : R).3)1#0H /&)#%$ = /4 /8.0B0&%$ &/ 30 E/>L.3)(0 7%8)")(0"0 /" !1$0/3C 8'.('&'9 S)O'9: 7$0C /" P)/"()01 &/ 30 E/3):)*"H /" /3 K$/0 &/ 2)#/$0#'$0 = E/3):)*" &/3 8'"&% .5.3)(%H >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& N/#%&)1#0 &/ M{% f0'3% WR$01)3]C 7)>3%80&0 /" /1>)$)#'03)&0& >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& 2&0C /" b/%3%:50 = R).3)0 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& R5.3)(0 20#)"% -8/$)(0"0 &/ P%1#0 E)(0C ;/$,) S0O'> 7"(): f$%A/1%$ &/ !"#$%&'(()*" e)1#%$)0 O"),/$103 / e)1#%$)0 &/ -1)0 /" G1('/30 &/ e)1#%$)0 &/ OP%1#:$0&% &/ 30 OP-R = /" G&'(0()*" = 2/#$01 &/ OP-R WO"),/$1)&0& &/ P0$0(01H /()03)90()*" /" e)1#%$)0 -"#):'0C 7$C /" f$/?)1#%$)0 / e)1#%$)0 -"#):'0 /" M0"#)0:% &/ P%8>%1#/30C H."*(,9() ;"A,'. S).'*>) B,*".: 7$C /" e)1#%$)0 N%&/$"0 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ M03080"(0C 2&%C /" `/%:$0A50 / e)1#%$)0 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ M03080"(0C 8"N: 8".=" 8".+D" H'.*M*&'>: f$%A/1%$0 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& P%8>3'#/"1/ &/ N0&$)&C 2&0C /" P)/"()01 &/ 30 P%8'")(0()*"H NK1#/$ /" P)/"()01 &/ 30 E/3):)*"C ;)9< 8: 8".+=*'>: f01#%$ = /1($)#%$ /,0":@3)(%H /4 >$/1)&/"#/ &/ 30 -3)0"90 G,0":@3)(0 G1>0Q%30C ;/"* 8"*/'$ 8".+=*Y8).'*): : f$%A/1%$ /" &/ R$0(08%$%1 Wf/$L]C L$"/&," 8'*&)>": f$%A/1%$0 /" 30 ^0('3#0& &/ b/%3%:50 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& P0#*3)(0 &/ -$:/"#)"0 WOP-]C M/($/#0$)0 &/ 30 M%()/&0& -$:/"#)"0 &/ b/%3%:50C 2&0C /" b/%3%:50 >%$ 30 OP- (%" /1>/()03)&0& /" M0:$0&0 G1($)#'$0C P<9+). T: 8=N/'>: 7$C /" b/%3%:50H !MG7Gb WR'/"%1 -)$/1H -$:/"#)"0]: /" 30 V*%( 2$G$"$/- J#7&&% H V*%( W"$G(1+$/- Wc/V e0,/"H P%""C GGCOO]C Z,$$,"? 8,+(D'$$: P%%$&)"0&%$ &/ #$0&'(()%"/1 >0$0 301 -8@$)(01 &/ 301 M%()/&0&/1 R5.3)(01 O")&01C 3,(".&) 8)."$'G" T.+'N": f$%AC &/ R).3)0 = G,0":/3)90()*" /" 30 ^0('3#0&/1 &/ b/%3%:50 &/3 M/8)"0$)% G,0":@3)(% O")&% &/ b/%3%:50 WMGObH N0&$)&]C 2&%C /" ^)3%3%:50 e/.$/0 = -$08/0 WO"),/$1)&0& P%8>3'#/"1/ &/ N0&$)&]C P'$1%1 &/ &%(#%$0&% /" P)/"()01 &/ 301 E/3):)%"/1 WO"),/$1)&0& P%8>3'#/"1/ &/ N0&$)&]C P'$1% )"#/"1),% &/ e/.$/% .5.3)(% = $0.5")(% WO"),/$1)&0& e/.$/0 &/ g/$'103@"]C N)/8.$% &/3 /F')>% )"#/$"0()%"03 &/ #$0&'(#%$/1 &/ 301 M%()/&0&/1 R5.3)(01 O")&01S &/ 30 -1%()0()*" R5.3)(0 G1>0Q%30 W-RG]S &/ 30 M%()/#= %A R).3)(03 2)#/$0#'$0 WMR2] = &/ 30 -1%()0()*" G1>0Q%30 &/ G1#'&)%1 e/.$/%1 = g'&5%1 W-GGeg]C P"+D"* ;: 8)9'.: f$%A/1%$ &/ -"#):'% b/1#08/"#% /" 30 ^0('3#0& &/ b/%3%:50 &/3 M/8)"0$)% G,0":@3)(% O")&% &/ b/%3%:50 WMGObH N0&$)&] = /" M#C 2%')1 O"),/$1)#= WP08>'1 &/ N0&$)&]C f?C7C /" -"#):'% b/1#08/"#% W\JJI] = N01#/$1 %A 7),)")#= W6XXZ] >%$ b$)")#= G,0":/3)(03 7),)")#= M(?%%3 %A b$)")#= !"#/$"0#)%"03 O"),/$1)#= W7//$A/)3&H !33)"%)1[GGCOOC]C N)/8.$% &/ 30 -1%()0()*" R5.3)(0 G1>0Q%30 W-RG]S &/ 30 M%()/#= %A R).3)(03 2)#/$0#'$0 WMR2]C H'.*"*&) 1#,$,) 8)9[/'." 2."*&: f$%A/1%$ #)#'30$ &/ 30 ^'"&0()*" O"),/$1)#0$)0 M/8)"0$)%
xx
Lista de colaboradores
WP%3%8.)0]C 2&%C /" b/%3%:50 /" /3 M/8)"0$)% b/%3*:)(% R0'#)1#0 !"#/$"0()%"03 &/ P03): 2&%C = 8".N" 8/C,> 1N/,$".: 2&0C /" ^)3%1%A50 = 2/#$01C 4$",*' R: P'/'*F'$&+: M/($/#0$)0 &/ N'B/$/1 /" !:3/1)0 = M%()/&0&H &/3 7/>0$#08/"#% &/ N)1)%"/1 = 7/10$$%33% &/ 30 ^/&/$0()*" 2'#/$0"0 N'"&)03 /" `)"/.$0 WM')90]C 7$0C /" b/%3%:50 >%$ /3 !"1#)#'#% G('8|")(% &/ f*1[`$0&'0}{% &/ M{% 2/%>%3&% WR$01)3]H = >01#%$0 &/ 30 !:3/1)0 G,0":@3)(0 &/ P%"A/1)*" 2'#/$0"0 &/ R$01)3C 7"?/'$ B"NM*: 7/(0"% &/3 /" N)08) W^3%$)&0]C f$%A/1%$ &/ R).3)0 = 2)#/$0#'$0 e/.$/0 /" /3 P%3/:)% O"),/$1)#0$)% 70$ 03[i03)80 /" R/3@" W!1$0/3]C e0 1)&% &)$/(#%$ &/3 &/>0$#08/"#% &/ #$0&'(()*" &/ 30 R).3)0 &/ 30 W"$/() 3$4%( J&#$(/$(+ /" 301 -8@$)(01C 8,N/'$ @*N'$ B"$)?,*): E/(#%$ &/ 30 ^0('3#0& b/%3*:)(0 20#)"%08/$)(0"0 W^-bG2-]H = >01#%$ &/ 30 !:3/1)0 -3)0"90 P$)1#)0"0 = N)1)%"/$0 &/ f/8.$%U/ f)"/1H ^3%$)&0 WGGCOO]C 7$C /" b/%3%:50 /" 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ G&)8.'$:% WG1(%()0]C N0/1#$50 /" /3 !*+/(1" 3*'/$+/ 67(&%&?$#*% J(A$"*1- Wf-]C 3,(".&) B".&"A,$" R"A".,: R0(?)33/$ /" b/%3%:50 = 7)>3%80&% /" P)/"()01 R5.3)(01 >%$ /3 PG!R! WM#0C P$'9 &/ b/"/$)A/]C 7)>3%80&% >%$ !"1#)#'#% b/%3*:)(% ^!GbC ;'9Q9 B'$M'> &'$ 3)9"$: P0#/&$K#)(% &/ ^)3%3%:50 `$)/:0 /" 30 ^0('3#0& &/ ^)3%1%A50 = 2/#$01 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ P*$&%.0C 2&%C /" b/%3%:50 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ `$0"0&0H /" P)/"()01 R5.3)(01 >%$ g/$'103@"C 7$C /" ^)3%3%:50 R5.3)(0 b$)3)":x/ >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& P%8>3'#/"1/ &/ N0&$)&C 7)$/(#%$ &/ 30 ^'"&0()*" s>1)3%" = 7)$/(#%$ &/ 30 $/,)1#0 )"#/$"0()%"03 C 2'.*".&) B<.'> 1*&.'): 7)$/(#%$ &/3 7/>0$#08/"#% &/ ^)3%1%A50 = M%()/&0& &/3 !"1#)#'#% b/%3*:)(% &/ N'$()0C 7%(#%$ /" b/%3%:50 = 7)>3%80 /" G1#'&)%1 -,0"90&%1 /" ^)3%1%A50C 7"?/'$ B<.'> 8,$$)9: G1($)#%$ = #/*3%:%C 7$C /" b/%3%:50H !"1#)#'#% = M/8)"0$)% G,0":@3)(% &/ b/%3%:50 WR0$(/3%"0]C \"#,'. B,V">" -#"..)*&): M03080"(0 W6XmX[\JJY]: 7$C /" ^)3%1%A50 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ M0"#% b%8K1 &/ E%80 W6XZ\]C 2&%C = (0"&)&0#% 0 &%(#%$ /" M0:$0&0 G1($)#'$0 >%$ /3 !"1#)#'#% R5.3)(% &/ E%80 W6XZ\]C 1*+)*,) B,C'.): P0#/&$K#)(% &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& P%8>3'#/"1/ &/ N0&$)&C 2&%C /" ^)3%1%A50 f'$0 /" 30 O"),/$1)&0& P%8>3'#/"1/ &/ N0&$)&C 2&%C /" ^)3%3%:50 P3K1)(0 /" 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ P3K1)(0 /" 30 O"),/$1)&0& P%8>3'#/"1/ &/ N0&$)&C 4*.,[/' ]/,*+"*" L,F/'*+'9: N)/8.$% &/ 30 -1%()0()*" /1>0Q%30 &/ p$)/"#03)1#01: N)/8.$% &/ 30 -1%()0()*" /1>0Q%30 &/ G:)>#%3%:50: f$%A/1%$ &/ 3/":'0 = ('3#'$0 /308)#0 /" &)A/$/"#/1 ('$1%1 %$:0")90&%1 >%$ /3 !fp-[O"),/$1)&0& &/ N'$()0C ;)9< 4: 3"?,.'>YW,&&: f$%A/1%$ &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& R5.3)(0 20#)"%08/$)(0"0H M0" g%1@ WP%1#0 E)(0]C R0(?)33/$ /" f1)(%3%:50 = 2)(/"()0&% /" f1)(%3%:50 M%()03H O"),/$1)&0& &/ P%1#0 E)(0S G:$/10&% &/ 30 N0/1#$50 /" ^)3%1%A50H O"),/$1)&0& &/ P%1#0 E)(0S R0(?)33/$ /" b/%3%:50H M/8)"0$)% R5.3)(% 20#)"%08/$)(0"%S b?/%3%:)0/ N0:)1#$'8H f$)"(/#%"b?/%3%:)(03 M/8)"0$= WGGOO]S 7%U#%$1 &/$ b?/%3%:)/H e08.'$: O"),/$1)#~# W-3/80")0]S /1#'&)%1 &/ 0$F'/%3%:50 .5.3)(0 /" /3 M0)"# `/%$:/1 P%33/:/H g/$'103@" W!1$0/3]C J".)$&) 3',?'.: 7$C /" b/%3%:50 >%$ 30 i)$(?3)(?/ e%(?1(?'3/ R/#?/3 W-3/80")0 6XmI[6XXJ]S WOP`H R$01)3]S 7%(/"#/ >/$80"/"#/ &/3 f$%:$080 &/ f*1[`$0&'0}{% /" P)|"()01 &0 E/3):){% WN/1#$0&% / 7%'#%$0&%] &/ OP`C f01#%$ &/ 30 !:3/1)0 G,0":@3)(0 &/ P%"A/1)*" 2'#/$0"0 &/ R$01)3C -A)*, 3,+(D'. 3',?'.: f01#%$0 &/ 30 !:3/1)0 3'#/$0"0 &/ E)% &/ g0"/)$% WR$01)3] = >$%A/1%$0 &/ 30 f%"#)A5()0 O"),/$1)&0&/ P0#*3)(0 &/ `%)K1 WR$01)3]C G1#'&)* /" 30 ^0('3#0& &/ b/%3%:50 &/ 30 xxi
Lista de colaboradores
!:3/1)0 2'#/$0"0 /" M0• 2/%>%3&% = (%8>3/#* 1'1 /1#'&)%1 /" -3/80")0 (%" '"0 #/1)1 1%.$/ /3 c'/,% b/1#08/"#%C 5,)$'+" 3)(D" 1.'"9: E/(#%$0 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& R5.3)(0 20#)"%08/$)(0"0 WM0" g%1@H P%1#0 E)(0]C 2)(/"()0&0 &/ 30 ^0('3#0& G,0":@3)(0 &/ G1#'&)%1 b/%3*:)(%1 /" c)(0$0:'0S N0:51#/$ /" R).3)0H !"1#)#'#% f$%#/1#0"#/ &/ b/%3%:50 Wf0$51]S f%1:$0&% /" G1#'&)%1 &/ `@"/$%H O"),/$1)&0& P/"#$%08/$)(0"0 Wc)(0$0:'0]S f%1:$0&% /" -&8)")1#$0()*" G&'(0#),0 O"),/$1)#0$)0H OPWc)(0$0:'0]S &%(#%$0"&0 /" G1#'&)%1 20#)"%08/$)(0"%1H O"),/$1)&0& c0()%"03 &/ P%1#0 E)(0C 1&)$F) 3),+?"*: E0.)"% = ('$0&%$ &/3 N'1/% &/3 2).$% &/ !1$0/3C f?C7C /" f/"108)/"#% g'&5% -"#):'% >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& e/.$/0 &/ g/$'103@"C 2&%C /" P)/"()01 -"#$%>%3*:)(01 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ R'/"%1 -)$/1C 1$F)*9) 3)O'.) 2'.>)9": f$%AC &/ e)1#%$)0 &/ 30 ^)3%1%A50 /" /3 PG!R! = 7)$/(#%$ G&)#%$)03 &/ P2!GC 7$C /" ^)3%1%A50 >%$ M#C -3(')" e%'1/ O"),/$1)#=H p4A%$& b/$8 W!":30#/$$0]C NK1#/$ /" b/%3%:50 >%$ /3 P/"#$% &/ !",/1#):0()%"/1 R5.3)(01 WPG!R!]C `$0&'0&% &/ P(%:-" J#7&&% &= !G*"?(%$+A We/$#1H !":30#/$$0]C ;)9< 3"F"'$ 3/> 5,$$"?,$: f$/1.5#/$% = (0>/33K" &/ 30 P35")(0 &/ N@$)&0 Wk'(0#K"H N@4)(%]H 01/1%$ &/ 4&'9,) 7M*(D'> L'+,*": 7$C /" -"#):'% b/1#08/"#% /" /3 O")%" b?/%3%:)(03 M/8)"0$=H E)(?8%"&H W<)$:)")0H GGCOOC]C f/$#/"/(/ 03 /F')>% &/ #$0&'(()%"/1 &/ 301 M%()/&0&/1 R5.3)(01 O")&01C 2'.*".&) 7M*(D'> R".(=" C f01#%$ /,0":@3)(%C 7$C /" 7),)")&0&/1 >%$ /3 7/A/"&/$1 b?/%3%:)(03 M/8)"0$)% &/ f'/$#% E)(%S R0(?)33/$ /" P)/"()01 R5.3)(01 >%$ /3 P/"#$% &/ !",/1#):0()%"/1 R5.3)(01 WPG!R!]S 7)>C G" b/%3%:50 >%$ /3 2%"&%" R).3/ P%33/:/C f$%A/1%$ &/3 !RMbG = PG!R!C T9="9 7'N/." R/>?M*: f$%A/1%$ 01%()0&% &/3 ^'33/$ b?/%3%:)(03 M/8)"0$= Wf010&/"0]C 7%(#%$ &/ N)1)%"%3%:50H N01#/$ /" b/%3%:50 = 7),)")&0&/1 >%$ 8+4@1- 67(&%&?$#*% J(A$"*1-C ^'/ (0#/&$K#)(% &/ N)1)%"%3%:50 &/3 P/"#$% &/ N)")1#/$)%1 b$0"1('3#'$03/1 /" /3 M/8)"0$)% GMGf&/ M0" g%1@ WP%1#0 E)(0]C R".K 7: 7D)N.'*: f$%A/1%$ &/ c'/,% b/1#08/"#% /" /3 M/8)"0$)% GMGf- &/ M0" g%1@ WP%1#0 E)(0]H f?C 7C /" 30 G4@:/1)1 &/3 c'/,% b/1#08/"#%H i)":1 P%33/:/H -./$&//" O"),/$1)#=C N0/1#$50 /" 7),)")&0&H N0/1#$50 /" c'/,% b/1#08/"#%H 80:"0 ('8 30'&/H R).3)(03 b?/%3%:)(03 M/8)"0$=C -N*"(,) 7,?"$ L"?O9: f01#%$ &/ 30 !:3/1)0 G,0":@3)(0 G1>0Q%30 W!GG] /" /3 >$/1.)#/$)% &/ P0#03'"=0 WG1:3@1)0 G,0":€3)(0 &/ P0#03'"=0]C 2&%C /" 30 ^0('3#0& &/ b/%3%:50 &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ 7/'1#% W/1>/()03)&0& M0:$0&0 G1($)#'$0]C G1#'&)* #/%3%:50 /" /3 !RMbG WR0$(/3%"0] = /" MGbGP- W`'0#/8030]C B"/$) 1/N/9+) &' 7)/>" P)N/',.": f$%A/1%$ #)#'30$ &/ 30 O"),/$1)&0& N/#%&)1#0 &/ M{% f0'3% WR$01)3]C 7$ /" b/%3%:50 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ e/)&/3./$: W-3/80")0 6XX6]C ;/"* 7+"?: N)/8.$% &/ 30 ^$0#/$")&0& b/%3*:)(0 20#)"%08/$)(0"0C 7$C /" b/%3%:50H >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ R01)3/0 WM')90]C G1#'&)* /" 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ l?/0#%"H /1>/()03)9K"&%1/ /" e)1#%$)0H N0/1#$50 /" c'/,% b/1#08/"#%H /" /3 M/8)"0$)% ^'33/$ b?/%3%:)(03 M/8)"0$= Wf010&/"0H P-]C 4$9" !"?'>: f$%A/1%$0 &/ G1#'&)%1 R5.3)(%1 /" 30 O"),/$1)&0& R5.3)(0 20#)"%08/$)(0"0H M0" g%1@ WP%1#0 E)(0]C 7$0C /" b/%3%:50 /" 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ 20'10""/ WM')90]C ;/"* 8".=" !'$$'.=" S".."C"N": f$%A/1%$ = 7/(0"% -(0&@8)(% &/3 P/"#$% &/ !",/1#):0()%"/1 R5.3)(01 WPG!R!]C 2)(/"()0&% /" ^)3%3%:50 P3K1)(0H /1>/()03)&0& /" 3/":'0 :$)/:0 >%$ 30 O"),/$1)&0& &/ <03/"()0H = /" ^)3%3%:50 G1>0Q%30 >%$ 30 OcG7H /1 #08.)@" 7)>3%80&% /" b/%3%:50 >%$ /3 M/8)"0$)% R0'#)1#0 &/ -3(%./"&01 WN0&$)&]H 2)(/"()0&% /" M0:$0&0 b/%3%:50 = N0:51#/$ /" b/%3%:50 &%:8K#)(0 >%$ /3 PG!R!C ;",?' 5M>[/'> 1$$'N/': G1($)#%$ = #/*3%:%C 7$C /" b/%3%:50H /1>/()03)90&% /" M0:$0&0 G1($)#'$0H g'&0518%H ->*($)A%1C ^'/ <)(/&/(0"% = >$%A/1%$ &/ M0:$0&0 G1($)#'$0 /" 30 ^0('3#0& &/ b/%3%:50
xxii
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