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Supplemental Handouts for Fundamentals of Nursing DIET THERAPEUTIC DIET AND NUTRITION DIET - an allowance of food and drink consumed regularly y an indi!idual" Nutrition therapy – interventions used in in the treatment of a disorder or illness and includes diet therapy , nutrition counseling or the use of specialized nutrition therapies such as supplementation with nutritional or medical foods and nutritional support through enteral or parenteral methods Defini#ion of #erms Recommended Dietary Allowance recommended levels of energy and nutrient intakes for a a specific population group. ased on average re!uirement "t has #plus # allowance , called margin of safety to cover variations in individual re!uirements and incomplete utilization of food Defini#ion of #erms Dietary history – a record of the usual day – to – day food intake of an individual. "t is part of the nutritional history and can $e taken $y means of recall or $y food record Nutritional history – record of events related to the act of nourishing the $ody. "t includes dietary history, socioeconomic factors such as income, educational $ackround and other data relevant to nutritional status Defini#ion of #erms %herapeutic diet – a diet modified or adopted from the normal diet to suit specific s pecific disease conditions, one designed to treat or cure disease , or to support medical management of a disease Dietary guidelines – !ualitative advice on healthy eating &ood e'change lists – gropuings of food with similar car$ohydrate , protein and and fat content designed to facilitate planning of computed diets and serve as $asis for further classifying foods according to content of other components Desirale ody weig$# Desira$le $ody weight (hildren ) *Age in years '+ Adults ) * height in cm -/00 – /0 1 "nfants weight Dou$les at 2-3 mos. %riples at /+ mos.
(;C – 20-F0 1 CR A
nutrients "ncrease or decrease in $ulk Alterations in flavor "nclude or e'clude specific foods Eodify intervals of feeding Clear li,uid die# "llness or surgery marked $y intolerance to food, acute acute inflammatory conditions condit ions of the conditions ="%, for conditions re!uiring)decreased fecal material. "nade!uate in nutritional essentials, li!uid at room temperature.use for / -+ days only.
(lear fat free $roths , strained Guices,tea and coffee , sala$at, plain gelatin , sugar plain, hard candies
*ull li,uid die# @ost –op , acute infection, acute inflammatory conditions of the =.".%. for patients too ill to eat solid or semi solid foods, impaired chewing and swallowing a$ility 8i!uid at room temp. and free from cellulose and and irritating spices and condiments. 3- small feedings recommended 6trained cream or soups, pureed strained meat and fish,strained fruit Guices ,plain
Prepared by: Mark Dave C. Labergue S!D" #N" M$N %ue&
Supplemental Handouts for Fundamentals of Nursing ice cream and plain gelatin, constarch pudding and milk and cocoa (of# Die# @atients who are una$le to chew, chew, swallow or digest foods included in the full diet.mild to moderate infection6imple =" distur$ances and convalescence Eodification in consistenncy and te'ture &oods low in cellulose content low in fi$er free from connective tissues and strong flavors, simple and easily digested %ow residue die# Dysentery , diarrheas , pre-op and post –op when it is desired to reduce fecal residue, as in colostomy, ileostony , and $owel resection. Eade of foods which form the least anount of fecal matter, inade!uate in vitamins and minerals therefore supplementation is instituted (ereals strained soups, chicken –*no skin 8CR<6 )land die# =astric and duodenal ulcers, gastritis ,, ulcerative colitis, in some cardiac cases in order to provide rest to the heart &oods are non iiritating Eildly flavored foods without fi$er, connective tissue, and should $e non irritating and non – stimulating * avoid – alcohol , coffee $lack pepper and chili powder 'ec$anically sof# die# @oor dentures , lack of teeth, presence of sores and mouth lesions, mechanically una$le to chew, masticate and digest foods. &oods given re!uire little chewing =rinded, chopped , minced and pureed food Hig$ fier die# Atonic constipation, Atherosclerosis, diverticulosis, DE Eore than /0 grams &ull diet with emphasis on long fi$ered vegeta$les , raw fruits and vegeta$les, whole grain cereals and coarse $reads Hig$ caloric ?nderweight, protein energy malnutrition, fevers and infections, hyperthyroidism, $urns, growth pregnancy and lactation
meals with in$etween feeding – gradual rather than drastic. itamins and minerals at or a$ove RDA. (ontains greater amount of total energy (ereals, $read, $utter , cream and other fats and sugar %ow caloric C$esity and those cases where e'cess weight is a complicating factor as DE, (D, renal D' , ;@N , gout , gall $ladder D' and preceeding surgery (ontains reduced amount of energy to effect a negative energy $alance 6ufficient $ulk , low in calories . Avoid high fat foods and high (;C foods E.ETARIAN DIET <=AN – "N(8?D<6 &R?"%6 <=<%A8<6, N?%6 , 6< A66C("A%,DR> "RR"%A"8"%>,DR> 67"N AND ;A"R 8C66 DIETAR/ AD0U(T'ENT( *OR (PECI*IC DI(EA(E( AEC<"A6"6-8"
Prepared by: Mark Dave C. Labergue S!D" #N" M$N %ue&
;"ND?- all meats and animal shortening "68AE- pork , alcohol and $everages*e'tracts of lemon and vanilla , animal shortening and gelatin made of pork K?DA"6E – pork , fowl , shellfish and scavenger fish* without scales or fins , $lood $y ingestion*transfusion –o.k., packed fods – kosher-properly presserved or fitting 7C6; DA> AD"N AND >AN= – cold foods in hot illness , vice versa ;ot – rash , fever , sorethroat , surgery , ulcer , infection (old – (a , ;A , stomach cramps and colds