Drilling Rig Operations & a to Z Rotary Drilling Rig Components

Rig Operations Presentation

Rotary Drilling Rig Components

1. Derrick or Mast and Substructure 2. Power and Prime Movers 3. Hoisting Component 4. Rotating Component 5. Circulating Component 6. Well Control Component 7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment 8. Bit 9. Fishing Tools




1. Derrick or Mast and Substructure Derrick A large load bearing structure, usually of bolted construction. The standard derrick has four legs standing at the corners of the substructure.


1. Derrick or Mast and Substructure Mast A portable derrick that can be raised as unit. For transporting by land, the mast can be divided into two or more section.


1. Derrick or Mast and Substructure Substructure The foundation in which the derrick or mast and usually the Drawworks sit. In contains space for storage and well control equipment.


1. Mast or Derrick and Substructure 2. Power and Prime Movers


2. Power and Prime Movers Internal combustion engine or a turbine that is the source of power for driving equipment on the Rig. A drilling rig in which the source of power is one or more internalcombustion engine and in which power is distributed to rig components through devices such as chains, sprockets, clutches and shaft is said to be a Mechanical Rig.


2. Power and Prime Movers Internal combustion engine or a turbine that is the source of power for driving equipment on the Rig. A drilling rig in which the source of power is one or more internalcombustion engine and in which power is distributed to rig components through devices such as chains, sprockets, clutches and shaft is said to be a Mechanical Rig.


2. Power and Prime Movers Internal combustion engine or a turbine that is the source of power for driving equipment on the Rig. A drilling rig in which the source of power is effected by the combination of engines, generator set, control system and electric motors is said to be a Electric Drilling Rig.


2. Power and Prime Movers Internal combustion engine or a turbine that is the source of power for driving equipment on the Rig. A drilling rig in which the source of power is effected by the combination of engines, generator set, control system and electric motors is said to be a Electric Drilling Rig. DC-DC System


2. Power and Prime Movers Internal combustion engine or a turbine that is the source of power for driving equipment on the Rig. A drilling rig in which the source of power is effected by the combination of engines, generator set, control system and electric motors is said to be a Electric Drilling Rig.

AC-DC System


1. Derrick or Mast and Substructure 2. Power and Prime Movers 3. Hoisting Component


3. Hoisting Component The Rig Equipment responsible for the raising and lowering of the Drillstring. Consist of the following: 1. Mast or Derrick 2. Drawworks 3. Crown Block 4. Traveling Block 5. Deadline Anchor 6. Supply Reel 7. Drilling Line


3. Hoisting Component

2. Drawworks The hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig. It is essentially a winch that spools off or takes in the drilling line and thus raises or lowers the drillstring.



3. Crown Block An assembly of sheaves mounted on beams at the top of the derrick/mast and over which the drilling line is reeved.




FAST SHEAVE

CROWN SHEAVE









4. Traveling Block An assembly of sheaves or pulleys through which the drilling line is reeved and which moves up and down in the Derrick or Mast.

BLOCK

HOOK




TRAVELING BLOCK WITH DYNAPLEX HOOK




TRAVELING BLOCK WITH UNIMATIC HOOK



5. Deadline Anchor An equipment that holds down the deadline part of the wire rope. It is usually bolted on to the substructure.

TENSION COMPRESSION



5. Deadline Anchor An equipment that holds down the deadline part of the wire rope. It is usually bolted on to the substructure.



6. Supply Reel A spool that stores the unused portion of the Drilling Line.



7. Drilling Line The wire rope used to support the Drilling Tools. Types of Wire Rope Lay Right Lang Lay

Left Lang Lay

Right Regular Lay

Left Regular Lay



7. Drilling Line The wire rope used to support the Drilling Tools. Type of Wire Rope Construction



7. Drilling Line Typically the wire rope used for Drilling Line would have the following characteristics: Shallow:

1” to 1-1/8” diameter

Deep:

1-1/4” to 2” diameter

Contruction:

6 x 19 S or 6 x 21 S or 6 x 25 FW, RRL, IPS or EIP, IWRC




1. Derrick or Mast and Substructure 2. Power and Prime Movers 3. Hoisting Component 4. Rotating Component


4. Rotating Component The Rig Equipment responsible for rotating the Drillstring. Consist of the following: 1. Swivel 2. Kelly Spinner 3. Kelly or Top Drive 4. Kelly Bushing 5. Master Bushing 6. Rotary Table


4. Rotating Component

1. Swivel The rotary tool that is hung from the hook of the traveling block to suspend the drillstring and permit it to rotate freely.



1. Swivel It also provide connection for the rotary hose and provide passageway for the flow of drilling fluid into the drillstem.



1. Swivel It also provide connection for the rotary hose and provide passageway for the flow of drilling fluid into the drillstem.



2. Kelly Spinner A pneumatically controlled device mounted below the Swivel that when actuated causes the Kelly to spin.



2. Kelly Spinner A pneumatically controlled device mounted below the Swivel that when actuated causes the Kelly to spin.



3. Kelly The heavy steel member, usually four or six-sided that is suspended from the Swivel through the Rotary Table and connected to the topmost joint of drillpipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table turns.



3. Kelly It has a bored passageway that permits fluid to be circulated into the drill stem and up the annulus or vise versa.



3. Top Drive A hydraulically powered device located below the Swivel that when actuated allows the Drillstem to spin and proceed in drilling.



4. Kelly Bushing A device that when fitted to master bushing transmits torque to the kelly and simultaneously permits vertical movement of the Kelly to make hole.

Type HDP Heavy Duty fits 23” through 49-1/2” Rotary Table

Type HDS Heavy Duty for Square Drive Rotary Tables

Type MDS Medium Duty for Square Rotary Table



5. Master Bushing A device that fits into the rotary table to accommodate the slips and drive the kelly bushing so that the rotating motion of the rotary table can be transmitted to the Kelly.

Type MSPC

Type MPCH

Type MSPC

Type MBSS

Fits 20-1/2” to 27-1/2” Rotary Tables






6. Rotary Table Equipment used to turn the drill stem and support the drilling assembly.



6. Rotary Table It has a beveled gear arrangement to create the rotational motion and opening into which bushings are fitted to drive and support the drilling assembly.







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1. Derrick or Mast and Substructure 2. Power and Prime Movers 3. Hoisting Component 4. Rotating Component 5. Circulating Component


5. Circulating Component The Rig Equipment responsible the movement of drilling fluid within the well as well as solids removal incurred by the drilling fluid. Normally the circulation would start from the mud pits, down the drill stem, up the annulus and back to the mud pits.


5. Circulating Component Circulating component consist of the following:

1. Mud Pump

7. Return Line

2. Pump Manifold

8. Shale Shaker

3. Standpipe

9. Desander

4. Swivel

10. Desilter

5. Drillstring

11. Degasser

6. Annulus

12. Mud Pit


5. Circulating Component 1. Mud Pump A large, high-pressure reciprocating pump used to circulated the mud on a drilling rig. A typical mud pump is a two cylinder, double acting or a threecylinder, single acting piston pump whose pistons travel in replaceable liners and are driven by a crankshaft actuated by an engine or motor.


5. Circulating Component 1. Mud Pump


5. Circulating Component 1. Mud Pump

1. SUCTION TANK 2. PREHYDRATION TANK 3. CHARGING PUMP 4. AGITATOR MOTORS 5. MUD HOPPPER 6. SUCTION LINE 7. CHARGING PUMP (MP) 8. MUD PUMP 9. VALVE AND PUMP PISTON 10. MUD PUMP DISCHARGE MANIFOLD 11. PRESSURE GAUGE 12. PULSATION DAMPENER 13. PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE 14. DISCHARGE LINE 15. MUD PUMP ENGINE 16. INTERMEDIATE TANK


5. Circulating Component 2. Pump Manifold An arrangement of piping and valves that receives drilling fluid from one or more mud pumps and transmit the drilling fluid to the succeeding circulating component.


5. Circulating Component 2. Pump Manifold


5. Circulating Component 3. Standpipe The vertical pipe rising along the side of the Derrick or Mast, which joins mud pump manifold to the rotary hose.


5. Circulating Component 7. Return Line The passageway of the drilling fluid as it comes out of the well.


5. Circulating Component 8. Shale Shaker An equipment the uses a vibrating screen to remove cuttings from the circulating fluid in rotary drilling operations. 1. RETURN LINE 2. POSSUM BELLY 3. ELECTRIC MOTOR 4. SHAKER SCREEN


5. Circulating Component 8. Shale Shaker Shale shakers are designed to handle 100-1600 gpm flowrate of mud and be able to remove cutting to size of 77 microns using a 200 mesh screen.


5. Circulating Component 8. Shale Shaker Shale shakers are designed to handle 100-1600 gpm flowrate of mud and be able to remove cutting to size of 77 microns using a 200 mesh screen.


5. Circulating Component 9. Desander A centrifugal device for removing sand from the drilling fluid to prevent abrasion of the pumps.


5. Circulating Component 10. Desilter Also a centrifugal device for removing free particles of silt from the drilling fluid to keep the amount of solids in the fluid at the lowest possible point.


5. Circulating Component 11. Degasser


5. Circulating Component 12. Mud Pit A waste pit, usually an excavated earthen-walled pit.


5. Circulating Component


1. Derrick or Mast and Substructure 2. Power and Prime Movers 3. Hoisting Component 4. Rotating Component 5. Circulating Component 6. Well Control Component


6. Well Control Component The Rig Equipment responsible for preventing the build up of unwanted formation fluids that lead to Blowout.


6. Well Control Component Well Control component consist of the following:

1. Annular Blowout Preventer 2. Ram Blowout Preventer 3. Diverter 4. Drilling Spools 5. Manifold, Valves and Sensors 6. Accumulator 7. Inside BOP


1. Derrick or Mast and Substructure 2. Power and Prime Movers 3. Hoisting Component 4. Rotating Component 5. Circulating Component 6. Well Control Component 7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment


7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment Tubular are made of the following equipment:

1. Drill Pipe 2. Drill Collar 3. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe 4. Kelly 5. Subs


7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment 1. Drillpipe These are heavy seamless tubing used to rotate the bit and circulated the drilling fluid. Joints of pipe approximately 30 feet long are coupled together by means of tool joints.


7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment 1. Drillpipe Basic Parts of a Drillpipe

TONG SPACE

NECK

SHOULDER

NECK

SHOULDER

TONG SPACE

PIN

BODY

BOX


7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment 1. Drillpipe





TENSILE REQUIREMENTS

RANGE LENGHTS

TOLERANCES


7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment

TOOLJOINT INTERGCHANGEABILITY CHART

1. Drillpipe


7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment 1. Drillpipe For other mechanical properties, please refer to available charts.


7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment 2. Drill Collar The heavy, thick-walled tube steel, used between the drill pipe and the bit in the drill stem to provide pendulum effect to the drill stem and to provide weight on bit.


7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment 3. Heavy Weight Drillpipe Similar in appearance to a drill pipe, HWDP has the following different dimensional characteristics; the tube wall is heavier about 1”thick in most sizes, the tool joints are longer, and the tube section has a larger diameter at mid length to protect the pipe from wear. HWDP were developed for the following reasons; As a transition member to be run between drill collars and drill pipe, as a flexible weight member to run on directional drilling, as a weight member on small rigs, drilling small diameter holes.


7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment 3. Subs A short, threaded piece of pipe used to adapt parts of the drilling string that cannot otherwise be screwed together because of difference in thread size or design. These consist of:

1. Bit Sub 2. Crossover Sub 3. Kelly Saver Sub 4. Lifting Sub 5. Bent Sub


7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment 3. Subs A short, threaded piece of pipe used to adapt parts of the drilling string that cannot otherwise be screwed together because of difference in thread size or design.



3. Subs A short, threaded piece of pipe used to adapt parts of the drilling string that cannot otherwise be screwed together because of difference in thread size or design.



3. Subs A short, threaded piece of pipe used to adapt parts of the drilling string that cannot otherwise be screwed together because of difference in thread size or design.



Tubular Handling Equipment Equipment used to move, make and break connection, suspend tubular on the rig. These include the following: 1. Elevator Links

7. Safety Clamp

2. Elevator

8. Tongs

3. Lifting Subs

9. Kelly Spinner

4. Lifting Plug

10. Drillpipe Spinner

5. Tugger/Winch

11. Iron Roughneck

6. Slips

12. Bit Breaker



1. Elevator Links Equipment attached onto the Traveling Block in order to suspend the Elevators.



1. Elevator Clamps that grip a stand of casing, tubing, drillpipe or drill collars so that the stand or joint can be raised from or lowered into the hole opening of the rotary table.

SIDE DOOR ELEVATOR

CENTER LATCH ELEVATOR

SINGLE JOINT ELEVATOR



1. Elevator



5. Tugger/Winch A pneumatically operated drum with wire rope spooled onto it to move or lift heavy objects on the rig floor.



6. Slips A wedge shape piece of metal with teeth or other gripping elements that are used to prevent pipe from slipping down into hole or to hold the pipe in place.

Drill Pipe Slips




Drill Collar Slips




Casing Slips






6. Safety Clamp The are used on tubulars above the slips to prevent dropping the string should the slips fail to hold.

Safety Clamp



7. Safety Clamp The are used on tubulars above the slips to prevent dropping the string should the slips fail to hold.



8. Tong Large wrenches used to make or break out tubulars.

Make up Tong

Breakout Tong




Making Connection




Breaking Connection



9. Kelly Spinner A pneumatically operated device mounted on top of the kelly that when actuated causes the kelly to spin.

KELLY SPINNER



10. Drillpipe Spinner A pneumatically operated device usually suspended on the rig floor used to make fast connections and spin off of drill pipeS.

DRILLPIPE SPINNER



11. Iron Roughneck A pneumatically operated machine that replaces the functions performed by the Kelly Spinner, Drillpipe Spinner and Tongs.

IRON ROUGHNECK



12. Bit Breaker A device that is placed on top of the rotary table to enable the bit to be made up to drill string.

BIT BREAKER


1. Derrick or Mast and Substructure 2. Power and Prime Movers 3. Hoisting Component 4. Rotating Component 5. Circulating Component 6. Well Control Component 7. Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipment 8. Bit


8. Bit A variety of bits are available for drilling and sampling operation. The selection of bit is usually dependent on the formation which is to be drilled and the purpose of the borehole. Bit Fixed Cutter Bits Drill Bit

Core Bit

Roller Cone Bits No. of Cones

2

3

Natural Diamond Insert PDC Insert TSP

Material

Material

Steel Mill Tungsten Carbide Inserts

4

6


8. Bit

SHORT PDC BIT

MEDIUM PDC BIT

LONG PDC BIT

NATURAL DIAMOND BIT

TSP BIT


8. Bit


8. Bit

CORE BIT


8. Bit

MILL TOOTH TRICONE BIT

TUNGSTEN CARBIDE INSERT TRICONE BIT




9. Fishing Tools The Rig Equipment used for the purpose of retrieving from the wellbore sections of pipe, casing or other items which may have become stuck or inadvertently dropped in the hole. These are the following:

1. Overshot

7. Junk Mill

2. Taper Tap

8. Casing Scraper

3. Grapple Spear 4. Junk Basket 5. Fishing Magnet 6. Wireline Spear


9. Fishing Tools

1. Overshot Overshot is an external catch fishing tool designed to retrieve tubular items from the well bore.

SPIRAL GRAPPLE OVERSHOT

BASKET GRAPPLE OVERSHOT


9. Fishing Tools

2. Taper Tap Is an internal catch fishing tool designed to retrieve tubular members from the wellbore. The wicker thread are allowed to be embedded into the interior of the fish.

Taper Tap


9. Fishing Tools

3. Grapple Spear Is also an internal catch fishing tool designed to retrieve tubular members from the wellbore. The grapple spear is run in and positioned inside the fish. Rotating the Grapple Spear one turn to the left will engaged the grapple and caused tapers on the mandrel to expand the grapple and bite into the fish.


9. Fishing Tools

4. Junk Basket Is a junk retrieval tool designed to remove all type of objects from the bottom of the well. Such items as slip, hand tools, bit cones and any other pieces of junk in the well. With direct circulation the coring action on the junk proceeds until 24 inch core is cut. The finger on the upper catcher break the core when an upward strain is applied.

This junk basket utilises reverse circulation combined with coring operations of up to 20” of core.


9. Fishing Tools

5. Fishing Magnet Is a junk retrieval tool designed to effectively remove metal particles, shavings and debris from the bottom of the wellbore. The assembly is run in the hole and hold 6 to 12 inches above the fish. Circulate generously to wash away cuttings. Reduce circulation, lower the magnet to the fish and rotate slightly to obtain good contact. Cut off circulation and pull out of hole.


9. Fishing Tools

6. Wireline Spear Is a junk retrieval tool designed to retrieve wireline and wire rope from the wellbore. The spear is made up and run in hole , upon reaching the wire to be retrieved the spear is lowered slowly allowing the barbs to engage the wire. The spear is then lifted out of the hole.


9. Fishing Tools

7. Junk Mill Are designed to mill fish such as packers, squeeze tools, perforating guns, drill pipe, tool joints, reamer, reamer blades and rock bits.

9. Fishing Tools

8. Casing Scraper Is designed to remove scale, mud cake, cement sheath, embedded bullets, and other foreign materials inside the casing wall.

CROWN BLOCK

MAST

CATLINE BOOM

MONKEY BOARD

STAND PIPE

TUBING BOARD

DRILL PIPE

FLARE LINE

CATWALK

WATER TANK

PIPE RACK DOG HOUSE MUD TANKS

MUD SACK STORAGE HYDRAULIC POWER UNIT PUMPS AND HOPPER ACCUMULATOR MUD PUMP CABLE TRAY

DRILLING LINE SPOOL JUNK BIN

GENERATORS

TYPICAL LAND RIG

WAREHOUSE

TRAVELING BLOCK ROTARY HOSE TOP DRIVE

DRILLING LINE

DRAWWORKS

MUD CLEANER SHALE SHAKER

DEGASSER

AGITATOR

TRIP TANK

MUD GUN

DRILLER’S CONSOLE ROTARY TABLE RIG FLOOR PIPE SETBACK AREA BLOWOUT PREVENTER

SUBSTRUCTURE CUTTINGS CONVEYOR

PIPE RAMP

CHOKE MANIFOLD

Line Organization of the Rig Crew Drilling Superintendent

Area Manager

Rig Manager

Materials Man Warehouseman

Safety & Training Specialist

Maintenance Engineer

Rig Mechanic

Electrician

Toolpusher

Welder

Driller

Pipe Fitter Crane Optr.

Asst. Driller Motorman

Pump Tender Derrickman Roughneck Roustabout

Rigger

Driver Helper

Job Description of Key Rig Personnel

Rig Manager •Responsible in administering and implementing the Operator’s and Drilling Contractor’s guidelines and regulation. •Carries out daily onsite supervision to ensure that Rig Operation meet Operator’s expectation and safety regulation. •Responsible in implementing extensive job and safety training. •Responsible in administering and implementing the Operator’s and Drilling Contractor’s guidelines and regulation. •Ensure the integrity of all oilfield equipment, maintaining visual aspects of oilfield site; promote cleanliness and enhancing the safety of the crew.


Toolpusher •Responsible for the supervision of the Rig Operation and maintain drilling equipment to the highest standard of efficiency. •Interface and coordinate with the Drilling Superintendent, Area Manager, Rig Manager, Service Man and other key personnel for Drilling Program Implementation and Modification, Supplies, Crew Schedule and changes. •Performs inspection, periodical inventories and scheduling of material and equipment consumption and deliveries as well as backloading if applicable.


Driller •Responsible for the manipulation and supervision of the Rig and all the in line equipment and sensors as well as proper top out (fill up) and control of the bore hole to maintain the parameters required by the Operator. •To record important dimension and implementing safety programs on various operational modes (Rig setting, skidding, drilling, tripping, fishing, well completion, well flow and pressure testing etc.) in conformity with the specification and regulation imposed by authorities. •To evaluate tour sheet, personnel and safety progress so as to recommend contingent action at certain level of operation to meet the standard in all occasion of the drilling program. •Responsible for the Rig-Up and Rig Down of the Drilling Contractor equipment .


Assistant Driller •Responsible for the preparation, strapping (measurement), inspection and proper storage of BOP, BHA and other drilling components and consumables throughout the cycle of operation. •Responsible for the line up of valves on all manifolds or lines and for random and periodical checkup as well as serving of all equipment and assemblies in the system. •Prepare tour sheet and kill sheet, check and lead work force and held lecture during safety meeting. •To secure all equipment from Mast, Rig Floor, Substructure to main and cellar deck during Rig Mobilization.


Derrickman •Responsible for the “Monkey Board” on trips and other Derrick itineraries. •Maintains Mud Pumps, Mud Control Devices, Flow line and its accessories. •Maintain Mud Volume and mud Properties and directed by the Mud engineer. •Prepare report on mixed mud and equipment Performance such as pumps, agitators and sensors. •Assist roughneck at the floor, cellar deck and anywhere needed. •Housekeeping job on pump room, pit room etc.


Roughneck •Responsible for the positioning of slips, tongs, spinner, elevator and other rig equipment as directed by the Driller, Assistant Driller and other ranking personnel. •To operated tuggers for lifting and lowering equipment and materials from the pipe rack to the rig floor. •Assist serviceman to the Rig-Up and Rig-Down of their equipment. •Perform housekeeping jobs and servicing equipment. •To watch the shaker and other solid control equipment during circulation and drilling. •Assist Derrickman in some derrick itineraries.

Rig Operation Terminologies Breaking Down Unscrewing the drill stem into single joints and placing them on the pipe rack. This operation takes place at the completion of the well when the drill pipe will no longer be used or when changing from one size of drill pipe to another. Break out To unscrew a section of the pipe to another. Make a Connection To attach a joint of drill pipe onto the drill stem suspended in the wellbore to permit deepening the wellbore by the length of joint added usually 30 feet. Make Hole To deepen the hole made by the bit. Nipple Up To assemble the Blowout Preventer Stack on the well head at the surface. Plug and Abandon To place cement plugs into the dryhole and abandon it.

Rig Operation Terminologies Racking Pipe The act of placing the stands of pipe in orderly arrangement in the derrick after hoisting pipe from the wellbore. Reverse Circulation The course of drilling fluid downward through the annulus and upward through the drillstem, in contrast to normal circulation. Rig Up To prepare the drilling rig for making hole, that is, to install tools and machinery before drilling is started. Run In To go into the hole with tubing, drillpipe, and so forth Slug the Pipe Pumping into the top of the drill stem a quantity of heavy mud which will cause the level of the fluid in the drill stem to fall as the drill stem is hoisted. Spud In To begin drilling a well, to start the hole.

Rig Operation Terminologies Stab To guide the end of the pipe into a coupling or tool joint when making up a connection. Tearing Down The act of dismantling the rig at the completion of the well and preparing it moving to the next location.

Drilling Rig Operations & a to Z Rotary Drilling Rig Components

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