UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL “SANTIAGO ANTUNES DE MAYOLO”
FACULT ACULTAD CIENCIAS CIEN CIAS AGRARIAS AGRAR IAS ESCUELA DE AGRONOMIA TEMA: PROPIEDADES GENERALES DE LOS COMPUESTOS ORGÁNICOS
DOCENTE: ENCISO
CURSO: QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA
ALUMNO: CUEVA FERNANDEZ JHOMEL MENEN
CODIGO: 111.0204….
I. OBJETIVOS: Coo!"# Coo!"# $%& '#o'(") '#o'(")%)"& %)"& *""#%$"& *""#%$"& )" $o& !o+',"&-o& !o+',"&-o& o#*(!o& !o $o& /," -#%%%#"+o& ),#%-" "$ !(!$o " "$ !,#&o '%#% "$ '#o*#"&o )" $%& '#!-(!%& &(*,("-"&.
II. MARCO TEÓRICO: II.1. OLOR: D"'")" )" )o& 3%!-o#"& (+'o#-%-"&
Vo$%-($()%) )" $% &,&-%!(% /," &" )"-"#+(% 'o# $% 3o#+% )" $% +o$5!,$% '"&o +o$"!,$%# 6 $% '#"&"!(% )" *#,'o& 3, 3,!(o !(o%$"& "&.. U% &,& &,&-%!(% !(% )"" &"# $% &,7!("-"+"-" 8o$-($ '%#% /," "$ o&"#8%)o# '"#!(% "$ o$o#.
Fo#+% )" $% +o$5!,$% $%& +o$5!,$%& /," -("" ,% 3o#+% "&35#(!% "+(-" , o$o# +& '"#!"'-($" 'o# "$ 9o+#".
L% (3o# (3o#+% +%!( !(: : /," /," &,+( &,+(( (&&-#% #% "$ o$o# o$o# "& )" -('o -('o !,%$(-%-(8o /," +,!9%& 8"!"& "& 8%$(o&o " $% ()"-(7!%!(: )"$ !o+',"&-o. L% -5!(!% '%#% -"#+(%# "$ o$o# ;D"&-%'%# "$ 3#%&!o 6 +o8"# $% +%o 'o# "!o+(% )" 5$ )" +o)o /," ,% '%#-" )" $o& 8%'o#"& %$!%!" $% %#(<=.
II.2. COLOR: E$ !o$o# )" , !o+',"&-o "& )"-"#+(%)o 'o# &, "&-#,! "&-#,!-,# -,#%> %> $% +%6o# +%6o# '%#-" '%#-" )" $o& !o+'," !o+',"&-o &-o&& o# o#* *(!o (!o&& $?/,()o& &o (!o$o#o& 6 -#%&'%#"-"& 6 $o& !o+',"&-o& o#*(!o& &:$()o& &o $%!o&. S" )"" )"" )"7 )"7(# (# !o !o+o +o (!o (!o$o $o##o& o& $%! $%!o& o& %<,$ %<,$.. E8(-%)o $o& !%$(7!%-(8o& )" %<,$ !$%#o %<,$ 8"#)o&o "-!.
Lo& 9()#o!%#,#o& &%-,#%)o& &o &("+'#" (!o$o#o& o $%!o&.
Lo& 9()#o!%#,#o& o &%-,#% ,#%)o& '%&% 'o# ,% -#%&(!(: )" %+%#($$o % %%#%%)o 6 )" #oo % %<,$.
E$ !o$o# )" ,% &,&-%!(%& ,% +")()% !,%$(-%-(8% )" $% ',#"<% )" , '#o),!-o.
II.3. SOLUBILIDAD: L% &o$,($()%) )" ,% &,&-%!(% " , )"-"#+(%)o &o$8"-" o &o$o )"'")" )" $% %-,#%$"<% o "&-#,!-,#% )" %+o& &(o -%+(5 )" $% -"+'"#%-,#%. Lo& !o+',"&-o& !o+',"&-o& o#*(!o o#*(!o&& /," o &o &o$,$"& &o$,$"& ( " !() !()o& ( " $!% !%$$(& %!,o& ,o&o& &,"$ ,"$" '"#-""!" !"## % $% !%-"*o#?% )" $% &,&-%!(%& ",-#%& " "$$%& &" (!$,6" $o& %$!o %$ !o9o 9o$" $"& & %$ %$)" )"9? 9?)o )o& & %+ %+() ()%& %& "& "&-" -"##"& "& 9()# 9()#o! o!%# %#, ,##o& o& !"-o%& (-#($o& 6 ,#"%&.
II.4. ENSAYO A LA LLAMA: E& ,% '#,"% (+'o#-%-" /," &" )"" %'$(!%# %, !o+',"&-o '%#% )"-"#+(%# &( %#)" o o. o. S( $% &,&-%!(% &,&-%!(% %#)" %#)" &" )"),!" )"),!" /," "& , !o+',"&-o !o+',"&-o o#*(!o. S( "$ !o$o# )" $% $$%+% $$%+% "& %<,$ #($$%-" #($$%-" 6 &( 9,+o o& ()(!% /," "& &%-,#%)o 6@o -("" ,% #"$%!(: o(*"o@!%#oo o(*"o@!%#oo "$"8%)o. S( "$ !o$o# )" $% $$%+% "& %+%#($$o 6 -(<%)o o& ()(!% "& (&%-,#%)o. S( 9%6 '#"&"!(% )" !"(<%& *#(&"& o $%!%& (+'$(!% /," "(&-" &,&-%!(%& o#*(!%&.
E$ "&%6o )" B"$&-"( !o&(&-" " /,"+%# "$ '#o),!-o &o#" , %$%+#" )" !o#". S( "$ +%-"#(%$ %#)" !o $$%+% %<,$ &( 9,+o &" ',")" &,'o"# /," $%& #"$%!(o"& !%#oo@9()#o*"o "& %% 6 /," '#o%$"+"-" $% &,&-%!(% !o-("" o(*"o !,%-o +"o# &"% "&-% #"$%!(: +& !%$("-" 6 %<,$%)% &"# $% $$%+%.
S( $%& #"$%!(o"& !%#oo 9()#o*"o "&-% !"#!% )" 1 %#)" !o ,% $$%+% '#o'(% )" ,% !o+,&-(: (!o+'$"-%. L% '#"&"!(% )" $% $$%+% 3,*%< )" !o$o# 8"#)" $$"8% % &,'o"# /," &" -#%-% )" !()o& +oo o )(!%#o?$(!o&. S( % $$%+% "& 8"#)" #($$%-" 6 '"#&(&-"-" ()(!% $% '#"&"!(% )" , 9%$:*"o.
CHON C,O C,22 H2O CO2 N2 II. II.5. DETERM TERMIINACI NACIÓN ÓN DE NITÓ NITÓGE GENO NO,, AUFR UFRE E !ALÓGENOS:
Y
P%#% $% )"-"#+(%!(: )" $o& "$"+"-o& /," &" "!,"-#% " $% !o+'%&(: )" , !o+',"&-o o#*(!o "& "!"&%#(o '%&%# $o& "$"+"-o& )" $% 3o#+%!(: !o8%$"-" " /," *""#%$+"-" &" "!,"-#% % (o"& &"($$o& /," ',")" &"# )"-"!-%)o& 'o# $%& #"%!!(o"& 9%(-,%$"& )" $% /,?+(!% %%$ %%$??-(! (!%. %. E$ +5 +5-o -o)o )o ,(8" ,(8"#& #&%$ %$ !o !oo o!( !()o )o '%#% '%#% #"),!( "),!(## $o& $o& !o+',"&-o& o#*(!o& % &%$"& (:(!%& &o$,$"& " %*,% "& "$ +5-o)o )" L%&&%(*" ;Q," !o&(&-" " $% 3,&(: )" $% +,"& +,"&-# -#% % o# o#* *( (!% !% !o !o &o &o)( )(o o +" +"- -$( $(!o !o )%) )%)o o $,*% $,*%## % $% 3o#+%!(: )" 9%$,#o& )" &o)(o &,$3%-o )" &o)(o !(%,#o )" &o)(o 6 " *""#%$ &" &"'%#% !%#oo=. CHONS
N%CN N%2SCN N%
III. E"#ERIMENTOS: E"#ERIMENTOS: III.1. E"#ERIEMENTO N$ %1: o$o# 6 !o$o# III.1.1. Materiales:
-,o& )" '#,"% G#%)($$% '%#% -,o& )" '#,"% III.1.2. Reactivos: Reactivos:
S%!%#o&% C12H22O11
M,"&-#% '#o$"+% ,#"% B"!"o CH H"%o CH14 T"-#%!$o#,#o )" !%#oo CC$4
R"%!-(8o& M%-"#(%$"&
III.1.3. Procedimiento:
S" !o$o!% " "$ -,8o )" "&%6o 01*# 01*#. D" &%!%#o&% &%!%#o&% ,#"% +,"&-#% '#o$"+% "!"o 9"%o -"-#%!$o#,#o )" !% !%# #o oo> o> 6 &" o&" o&"#8 #8% % $% 3o# 3o#+% )"$ &o &o$( $(): ): !# !#(&-% (&-%$$ 'o$8o$(/,()o "-!. !o$o# 6 o$o#.
SUSTANCIA
A#ARIENCI OLOR A S%!%#o&% C12H22O11 C#(&-%$"& No -("" o$o# B"!"o CH $(/,()o S($(!o% H"%o CH14 L(/,()o %$!o9o$ T"-#%!$o#,#o T "-#%!$o#,#o )" L(/,()o L$%-% !%#oo CC$4 /,"+%)% M,"&-#% '#o$"+% G#%,$%# No -("" ,#"% o$o# III.2. E"#ERIMENTO N$ %2: &'()*+(+- III.2.1. Materiales:
So$o )"$ "'"#(+"-o N 01 III.2.2. Reactivos:
COLOR B$%!o C#(&-%$(o C#(&-%$(o I!o$o#o B$%!o
A*,% H2O N%OH K N%HCO K HC$ K -"# Á!()o &,$3#(!o H2SO4 III.2.3. Procedimiento:
A $o& #"% #"%!-(8o& !-(8o& )"$ "'"#(+" "'"#(+"-o -o N 01 %%)(# %%)(# 1 +$. D" %*,% %*(-%# %*(-%# (" 6 o&"#8%# o&"#8%# &, &o$,($() &o$,($()%)> %)> #"'"-(# #"'"-(# "&-% o'"#%!(: )" !%)% &,&-%!(% &:$()% 6 $(/,()% !o !%)% ,o )" $o& &o$8" &o$8"-"& -"& 6 %o-%# %o-%# $%& o&"#8% o&"#8%!(o"& !(o"& " "$ !,%)#o !,%)#o !o##"&'o)("-".
S'()*+(+- S)&-/0+-& H2O N%OH HC$ K N%HCO K K S%!%#o&% So$,$ Po!o Po!o Po!o C12H22O11 " So$,$ &o$,$" &o$,$" " B"!"o No No No No CH &o$,$ &o$,$ &o$,$" &o$,$" " " H"%o No No No No CH14 &o$,$ &o$,$ &o$,$" &o$,$" " " T"-#%!$o#,#o T "-#%!$o#,#o No No L(*"#% L(*"#%+ )" &o$,$ &o$,$ +"-" "-" !%#oo " " &o$,$" &o$,$" CC$4 M,"&-#% So$,$ &o$,$ &o$,$" No '#o$"+% " " &o$,$" ,#"%
H2SO4 &-"# No &o$,$ " No &o$,$ " No &o$,$ " No &o$,$ "
No &o$,$ "
M,6 &o$,$ " M,6 &o$,$ "
No L(*"#% &o$,$ +"-" " &o$,$ "
Lo& -,o& !o-"()o& !o !%)% +,"&-#%
III.3. E"#ERIMENTO N$ %3: /&-' - (- ((-- /&-' B(&+/ III.3.1. Materiales:
L,%& )" #"$o F:&3o#o&
III.3.2. Reactivos:
D"$ '#(+"# "'"#(+"-o III.3.3. Procedimiento:
!o$o!%# 0.1* )" !%)% ,% )" $%& &,&-%!(%& &:$()%& 6 2 *o-%& )" !%)% ,% )" $%& &,&-%!(%& $(/,()%& #"&"#8%)%& #"&"#8%)%& " "$ "'"#(+" "'"#(+"-o -o N 01 " $%& $,%& )" #"$ #"$o o 6 &o+"-"# &o+"-"# % (*(!(: (*(!(: !,()%)o&%+ !,()%)o&%+"-" "-" %!"#! %!"#!%)o %)o , '%$('%$(-o o )" 3:&3o#o 3:&3o#o "!")()o. Ao-%# &,& o&"#8%!(o"& " "$ !,%)#o
E/&-' E/&-' B(&+/ Co$o!%# 0.1* )" !%)% ,% )" $%& &,&-%!(%& &:$()%& 6 2 *o-%& )" !%)% ,% )" $%& &,&-%!(%& $(/,()%& #"&"#8%)%& #"&"#8%)%& " "$ " "' '"# "#(+ (+" "-o -o N N 0 01 1 " $%& $%& $,% $,%&& )" #"$ #"$o o.. Co*" Co*"## , %$%+ %$ %+# #" " )" !o !o##" 6 9%!" 9%!"## , %#( %#(-o -o )" )" ,o& ,o& K ++ ++ )" )(+"-#o )(+"-#o )" ,o )" &,& "-#"+o&. "-#"+o&. Co*"# "$ %$%+# %$%+#" " 'o# "$ o-#o o-#o "-#"+ "-#"+o o 6 &o+"-"# &o+"-"# "$ o-# o-#o "-# -#"+ "+o o % $% $%&& $$%+ $$%+% % )" , +" +"!9 !9"# "#o o B,& B,&" " 6 !%$(" !%$("-" -" %$ #oo #oo > $,"*o #"-( #"-(#" #" )" $% $$%+% $$%+% 6 )"%# )"%# "3#(%# "3#(%# 9%&-% -"+'"#%-,#% %+("-". Co "$ %$ Co %$%+ %+# #" " )" !o !o# #" " $(# $(#" " )" !,%$ !,%$/, /,(" ("## !o-%+(%-" !o-%+(%-" #"!o*"# #"!o*"# $% +,"&-#% +,"&-#% " (-#o),!( (-#o),!(## %$ o#)" o#)" )" $% $$%+% $$%+% 6 o&"#8%# o&"#8%# "$ !o$o# !o$o# )" "&-%. R"'"-( R"'"-(## $o& '%&o& '%&o& !o !%)% ,% )" $%& &,&-%!(%& $(/,()%& 6 &:$()%&.
S)&-/0+-& S%!%#o&% B"!"o
C'(' ((-A%#%%)o A%#%%)o !o )"&'#")(+("-o )"&'#")(+("-o )" 9o$$?
H"%o T"-#%!$o#,#o T "-#%!$o#,#o )" !%#oo !%#oo M,"&-#% '#o$"+% ,#"%
%%#%%)o A%#%%)o !o )"&'#")(+("-o )"&'#")(+("-o )" 9o$$? A%#%%)o
E&%6o )" B"$&-"(
III. 4. E"#ERIMENTO N$ %4: +/-0+/ /+6/' III.4.1. Materiales:
T,8o )" "&%6o M"!9"#o P%'"$ 7$-#o E+,)o V%&o )" '#"!('(-%!(:
III.4.2. Reactivos: Reactivos:
S,&-%!(% % (8"&-(*%# ,#"% So)(o +"-$(!o A$!o9o$ "-?$(!o III.4.3. Procedimiento:
E "$ -,o -,o )" "&%6o "&%6o )" !o$o!% !o$o!% , -#o!( -#o!(-o -o )" !o#" !o#" +"- +" -$( $(!o !o 6 L,"* L,"*o o &" 9"!9% 9"!9% "!(+ "!(+% % 2 *. D" &,&-% &,&-%! !(% (% % (8"&-(*%# ,#"% &" $$"8% %$ 3,"*o % 3,)(#&". S" )"% )"% "3#(% "3#(%## '%#% '%#% $,"*o $,"*o %%)(# %%)(# K *o-%& *o-%& )" %$!o9o$ %$!o9o$ "-?$ "-?$(! (!o o '%# '%#% % "$ "$(+ (+( (%# %# $o $o&& #"& "&-o -o&& )" &o &o)( )(o o +" +"- -$( $(!o !o /," /," 9,("&" /,")%)o. o-% E$ &o)(o #"%!!(o% !o "$ %$!o9o$ " 3o#+% +"o& "5#*(!% /," !o "$ %*,%.
L,"*o %%)(# +$. D" %*,% )"&-($%)% 6 #"+,"8% 9%&-% /," -o)o &" )(&,"$8% 6 +" 7$-#%# " , 8%&o )" '#"!('(-%!(:. E&-% &o$,!(: &o$,!(: o& &"#8(# &"#8(# '%#% $% (8"&-(*%!( (8"&-(*%!(: : )" $% '#"&"!(% )" (-#:*"o. (-#:*"o. III.4.3.1. reconocimiento de nitrógeno:
M-+-(&: T,8o )" "&%6o M"!9"#o R-0+7'&: So$,!(: '#o!")()% %-"#(o#+"-" %-"#(o#+"-" S,$3%-o )" 9("##o II C$o#,#o 3"##(!o III 1 Procedimiento:
S" -("" 2 +$. D" $% &o$,!(: '#o!")()% %-"#(o#+"-" 6 &" %%)" ,o& 1 % 2 *#. *#. )" &,$3%-o )" 9("##o 9("##o II 6 2 *o-%& )" C$o#,# C$o #,#o o 3"##(!o 3"##(!o III 1 6 &" !%$(" !%$("-% -% % ",$$(!( ",$$(!(: : " %o +%#(% +%#(% ),#%-" ),#%-" ,o& +(,-o& +(,-o& &" )"% "3#(%# "3#(%# 6 &" %!(),$% %!(),$% *o-% *o-% % *o-% *o-% "$ Á!() Á!()o o !$o#9?) !$o#9?)#(! #(!o o 9%&-% 9%&-% /," &" 3o#+" 3o#+" ,% &,&-%!(% )" !o$o# %<,$ P#,&(%. Lo /," ()(!% $% '#"&"!(% )"$ (o !(%,#o 6 'o# !o&(*,("-" )" N(-#:*"o " $% &,&-%!(% (8"&-(*%# ,#"%. L%& #"%!!(o"& /," &" $$"8% %!%o &o $%& &(*,("-"& F"SO4 2N%OH F"OH2 N%2SO4 F"OH2 2N%CN F"CN2 2N%OH F"OH2 4N%CN N%4 N%4 4F"C$ F"4 12N%C$
V. CUESTIONARIO:
1. 89) +;/0+-& ;)/-/-(& <+&/ / ('& 0'=)&'& '6>/+0'& +/'6>/+0'&? R'-% L%& )(3"#"!(%& /," "(&-" &o Compuestos orgánicos
E$ +"#o )" !o+',"&-o& &,'"#% $o& +($$o"&. R"%!!(o% $"-%+"-" P#"8%$"!" "$ "$%!" !o8%$"-". So *%&"& $?/,()o& 6 &:$()o& )" ',-o )" 3,&(: (3"#(o# % $o& 400 C. So *""#%$+"-" (&o$,$"& " %*,% )"()o % &, %% 'o$%#()%). So &"&($"& %$ !%$o# "& )"!(# &" )"&!o+'o" 3!($+"-". Po!o& &" (o(<% o !o),!" $% !o##("-" "$5!-#(!%. P%#% ,% +(&+% 3o#+,$% +o$"!,$%# "(&-" 8%#(o& !o+',"&-o&. Compuestos inorgánicos
P#"8%$"!" "$ "$%!" (:(!o. So &o$,$"& " %*,% )"()o % &, "$"8%)% 'o$%#()%). So #"&(&-"-"& %$ !%$o#. So &:$()o& )" ',-o )" 3,&(: "$"8%)o "&-o &" )"" % $o& -('o& )" "$%!". R"%!!(o% 8(o$"-%+"-" 6 *""#%$+"-" o "!"&(-% !%-%$(<%)o#. U% 3o#+,$% 3 o#+,$% o& #"'#"&"-% , &o$o !o+',"&-o.
2. S+ &= &=) )& & 0-(0 0-(0+/ +/- - )/ )/- &)& &)&-/ -/0+ 0+- '6> '6>/+ /+00@)-/ &+)'& 0'(' *(-/0'. 89) 0'/0()&+/ & )0 (('&? R'-% Co!$,(+o& /," %, 9%6 '#"&"!(% )" %$*,%& &,&-%!(%& (o#*(!%&.
3. #0+ (- &'()0+/ ( */0/' / ('& &+6)+/& +&' +&'(7 (7/ / & & '6> '6>/+ /+0' 0'&: &: -(0' -(0'' '(, (, -6)-6)-,, = =-/ -/' ' -0(')' 0-*'/'. R'-%
B"!"o %$!o9o$ &o$,$" %*,% o &o$,$" B"!"o 9"'-%o &o$,$" )" !%#oo &o$,$"
B"!"o B"!"o -"-#%!$o#,#o -"-#%!$o#,#o
4. 8A @) @) -'/ -'/& & '* *0 0 (- &'() &'()*+ *+(+ (+- ('& ('& 0'=)&'& '6-/+0'&? R'-% L%& #%< #%
5. 8#' @) & /0&-+' (- ;)&+/ (- &)&-/0+'6>/+0'6>/+0- 0'/ &'+' >(+0' =-- -(+- )/ -/>(+&+& -/>(+&+& 0)-(+-+7' (- +&-? R'-% E& "!"&%#(o 'o#/," %&? 8"+o& "$ )"&'#")(+("-o )" 9()# 9()#o* o*"o "o 6 -%+ -%+(5 (5 %%) %%)(" (") )o o %$*, %$*,o o&& ! !() ()o& o& 6 o-# o-#o& #"%!-( !-(8o& o& o& &(# &(#8" '%#% #"!o !o o!"# $% '#"&"!( !(% )" (-#:*"o %<,3#" " &,& 3o#+%& )" &,$3,#o 6 -(o!(%,#o 6 9%$:*"o&.
. 8C' +/- (- =&/0+- '' / ('& 0'=)&'& '6>/+0'&? R'-% R'-% Po)"+ o)"+o& o& )")"-"# "#+ +(%# (%# %%) %%)(" (") )o o ,%& ,%& *o-%& o-%& )" &o$,!(: )" (-#%-o )" '$%-% %$ 1 6 &" 3o#+%# , '#"!('(-%)o '#"!('(-%)o %+%#($$o "$ !,%$ o& ()(!%#% /," "(&-" 6o)o " "&" !o+',"&-o o#*(!o. o#*(!o.
