1
THE PASSIVE VOICE SECTION I. THE FORMATION OF THE PASSIVE VOICE To be + Participle 2 Tense S I M P L E
C O N T I N U O U S P E R F E C T P E R F . C O N T
Active
Passive
Present
As!"s#
Past
as!e$
Future
%ill as!
a& is as!e$ are %as %ere as!e$ %ill be as!e$
Present
a& is are
a& is are
Past
as!in'
bein' as!e$
Note the action is done to the subject He as!s/ He is as!e$
He is as!in'/ He is bein' as!e$
%as %ere as!in' %ill be as!in'
%as bein' as!e$ %ere (((
Past
Have )as as!e$ Ha$ as!e$
)ave )as )a$
Future
*ill )ave as!e$
%ill )ave been as!e$
Present
Have )as been as!in'
(
He
)as
been
as!in'..for.../ )as He as!e$...for...
been
Future Present
been as!e$ been as!e$
Past
)a$ been as!in'
(
Future
%ill %ill )ave )ave be been en as!in'
(
going future
to a&
a& are 'oin' to as! is 'oin' to be as!e$ is are
He %ill be as!e$. He )as as!e$/ He )as been as!e$
He is going to ask He is going to be asked
5
MOA, VER-S
can/could may/might must/have to should/would should/would needn’t
be $one )ave been $one
The sb/ect of a passive verb corresponds to the ob/ect of an active verb SU SUBJECT Passie! This house was built in in 1486
SUBJECT German is spoken in Austria
in 1486 "ctie! They built this house in #BJECT
Austrians speak German German #BJECT
0SES OF THE PASSIVE VOICE PEC0,IAR TO THE EN1,ISH ,AN10A1E
Passie sentences describe $hat happens to peop%e or things& often as a resu%t of action b' other peop%e or things. 1. (e use the passie $hen it is not so i)portant *or unkno$n+ $ho or $hat did the action. • ,' artic%e %as pblis)e$ 'esterda'. • -o)e %asnt bilt in one da'. • The origin of the Unierse %ill be e3plaine$. n thes thesee kind kindss of cont conte et& t& the the pers person on do doin ing g the the acti action on is ofte often n no nott i)portant& or it is difficu%t to sa' $ho it is. 2. t0s $rong to consider the passie to be another $a' of epressing a sentence in the actie oice. (e use it on%' $hen $e don0t $ant to sa' $ho did it. • He%en %ikes Eng%ish *But not English is lied by !elen 2. t sounds funn' in Eng%ish+. 3. #n%' the erb $hich take on ob3ect can go into the passie. ntransitie erbs can0t be used in the Passie oice. The' are! " to #ly$ to arrive 4 to be$ to become
:
" to have$ to lac$ to %ossess$ to consist$ to belong " to hold$ to suit$ to resemble$ to #it " to a%%ear$ to seem$ to come $to go$ to last • The ha%% )ol$s 677 peop%e. • The' )ave a nice house. • ,' shoes $ont 4it )e. • S'%ia rese&bles a 8reek goddess. • ,' )other lac!s the fact. . There are sentences in the active having a %assive meaning& • This shirt irons $e%%. • 9our book rea$s $e%%. • This coat %ill %ear a %ifeti)e. • The door close$ and there $as si%ence in the roo). !. f 'ou $ant to sa' $ho did it or $hat caused the action& use b5 or %it). • The house %as bilt by )' grandfather. • t %as $estro5e$ by fire. • The roo) %as 4ille$ with s)oke. • The $ood can be ct with a knife ". (e use the infinitie after )oda% erbs and a nu)ber of other erbs. The passie passie infini infiniti tiee is to be $one 6 to )ave $one. • %ant to be le4t a%one • The )usic col$ be )ear$ far a$a' • ,' bic'c%e has disappeared. t &st )ave been sto%en. #. f it is possib%e to )ake t$o different passie sentences& it is )ore usua% for the passie sentence to begin $ith the person. • Ann wasn’t o##ered the the 3ob • The 3ob wasn’t o##ered to Ann. ST07 THE PATTERN is
smb
%as %ill be
tol$ o44ere$ 'iven pro&ise$
smth
$. So)e erbs can be used on%' in the fo%%o$ing t'pe of constructions! e3plaine$ annonce$ $escribe$ repeate$ $ictate$ pointe$ ot
is
smth
%as %ill be
• •
to smb
The ne$s %as annonce$ to eer'bod'. Eer'thing %ill be e3plaine$ to 'ou %ater.
%. Passie constructions $ith the erb to a$vise8 to allo%8 to a%ar$8 to $en58 to 4orbi$8 to 4or'ive8 to 'rant8 to o44er8 to or$er8 to pa58 to pro&ise8 to re4se8 to s)o%8 to teac)8 to env5 present so)e difficu%ties. n Eng%ish the sub3ect of such constructions corresponds to the -ussian indirect ob3ect. The center of passie construction in Eng%ish is not changed. Pa' attention to the fo%%o$ing difference.
-ussia n
Eng%is h • • •
Active ' ;<=>?@... ' >A@ D...
Passive
()*+ ;=;<=>?@?... (*) >A@?...
as!e$... tol$ )i&...
%as as!e$... %as tol$
He %as 'iven a ten da's0 %eae. Have 'ou been s)o%n the docu)entsG The' %ere tol$ to $ait.
1&. The erbs $hich take persona% ob3ect can for) passie construction of the fo%%o$ing pattern! * the %ist of such erbs is gien be%o$+. is
smb smth • •
%as %ill be
The fi%) $as )uch spoken about. The doctor $as sent for.
sent #or spo!en about la')e$ at
6
,ind the p%ace of the preposition in -ussian and Eng%ish Rssian
,-. *0 I>= >DK>L. *20 M=N= N=O=@?.
En'lis) He is often %augh at
He $as )uch spoken about
The erbs taking prepositiona% ob3ects. t shou%d be re)e)bered that not a%% of the) retain this preposition in -ussian. '. to agree to/$ith to agree on/upon to arrie at an agree)ent to arrie at a co)pro)ise to arrie at a conc%usion to arrie at a decision to ca%% for& on to count on to dea% $ith to hear of to insist on/upon to interfere $ith to %augh at to %ook after to %ook at to put up $ith to refer to to re%' on/upon to send for to speak about/of& to to ta%k about to think of to $rite about to find fau%t $ith to )ake fun of to pa' attention to to take care of
4 >=N@Q>L > ID4= 4 ;=N@DM?K 4 ;=N@DM?K 4 ;> 4 ;L& <>>I?OQ M A=N=4= 4 ?DQ D@= > 4 >@Q = 4 M>?OQ M 4 OD?OQ>L O& DQ 4 >DLQ>L M 4 V?OQ 4 >=L > 4 >>@Q>L M 4 ;=@NQ>L M 4 ;=>@Q 4 N=O=Q =/> 4 N=O=Q = 4 Q = 4 ;?>Q = 4 ;?<Q>L A 4 M>DQ>L M 4 =W<XQ OM?M?D M 4 W=?Q>L =
]
(.
to account for to co))ent on to %isten to to %ook for to operate on to proide for to %ose sight of to )ake foo% of to )ake use of to put an end to to take *no+ notice of • • •
4 =WYL>MLQ 4 A=DM?<=OQ 4 >@Q 4 ?>AQ 4 =;D<=OQ 4 >MWVQ 4 ;=D;=@Q=OQ 4 ;=@=V?Q A=MDZ 4 *MD+ DIQ
The boat %as soon lost si')t o4. The chi%d s)ol$ be ta!en care o4 He re)ark %as ta!en notice o4.
11. The %assive is fre[uent%' used to describe scientific or )echanica% processes& or in for)a% ep%anations! • The passie is fre[uent%' se$ 12. The passie is often used in ne$s reports! • " nu)ber of po%itica% prisoners )ave been release$. • Ta%ks %ill be )el$ in \ondon net $eek. t is not essentia% to repeat the aui%iar' erb to be in a %ist of processes! The cars are $ashed& c%eaned checked& and then gien to the ports.
`
SECTION II. 9. RECO1NISE THE PASSIVE
E). 1. Fin* t+e passi,e ,e-bs in t+is te)t. +at tenses a-e t+e/0
n ^en)ark& 5 peop%e $ere %eft hanging upside do$n $hen a ro%%er coaster car )ade an unschedu%ed stop. The passengers $ere stranded ]7 feet in the air for 57 )inutes before fire)en arried $ith %adders. "n officia% for the fairground& at "%borg in (estern ^en)ark& said the riders had been fir)%' %ocked in and not been in danger. The' $ere gien their )one' back2& the officia% said. E). 2. Un*e-line all t+e passi,es.
"cid rain is caused b' burning coa% and oi%. (hen either fue% is burned& it re%eases poisonous gases $hich are carried up into the at)osphere and so)eti)es transported %ong distances. #er :777 research pro3ects hae been carried out to %ook into acid rain& and a decision to tack%e the prob%e) has been taken in )ost of the $estern European countries. ,easures hae been taken in Scandinaia and in Centra% Europe to stop the po%%ution before it is du)ped on the eniron)ent! and a dip%o)atic ca)paign has been %aunched to countries that the prob%e) has to be considered as a )a3or eco%ogica% threat. Fie 'ears ago this issue $as not being treated serious%'&2 sa's one of the %eading eniron)enta% group& but no$ that da)age has been reported in %arge areas of forest and \ake%and our po%iticians are being forced to take action. This prob%e) )ust be so%ed [uick%'! if goern)ents do nothing& the' $i%% be faced in t$o or three 'ears ti)e $ith the accusation that the' hae a%%o$ed our forests to die.2 " )a3or internationa% initiatie to co)bat acid rain is epected in the near future.
2. SIMP,E FORMS
_ote that the ru%es for choice of tense are the sa)e in the passie as the' are in the actie sentences. E). 3. Put t+e sentenes into t+e Passi,e ,oie.
1. (e hear a sound of a io%in in the ha%%. 5. His father a%$a's praises hi) $hen he $orks hard.
:. ,' sister often takes Bob for his brother. . ,' )other $akens )e at ` o0c%ock eer' )orning. 6. (e use this roo) for specia% occasions. ]. n so)e districts far)ers use pigs to find truff%es. `. The' )ake these artificia% f%o$ers of si%k. . The' feed the sea%s at the oo t$ice a da'. . Beaers )ake these da)s. 17. The' se%% soft drinks here. 11. ,ost peop%e oppose such things. 15. Usua%%' students do a %ot of $ork in spring. 1:. The' don0t ad)it chi%dren under siteen. 1. _o$ the' start these engines b' e%ectricit'. 16. The' neer discuss it in her presence. E).. Put t+e sentenes into t+e Passi,e ,oie.
1. 5. :. . 6. ]. `. . . 17. 11. 15. 1:. 1. 16.
She found the ene%ope at %ast behind the dining4roo) c%ock. bought this book a $eak ago a $eek ago. " great artist painted this picture. John broke the $indo$ the other da' The )ob broke a%% the shop $indo$s in recent riots. The' rang the church be%%s as a f%ood $arning. t is high ti)e so)eone to%d hi) to stop behaing %ike a chi%d. The 3udge gae hi) t$o $eeks in $hich to pa' the fine. "n uneas' si%ence succeeded the shot. The' sho$ed her the easiest $a' to do it. \ightning struck the o%d oak. " 3e%%'4fish stung her. ^id the idea interest 'ouG The' used to start these engines b' hand. (ho $rote itG
E). !. Put t+e sentenes into t+e Passi,e ,oie.
1. sha%% post this %etter to)orro$. 5. The' $i%% discuss 'our report net $eek. :. The secretar' $i%% change our ti)e4tab%e in a $eek. . To) $i%% )eet us at station. 6. So)eone $i%% sere refresh)ents.
]. The %a$'er $i%% gie hi) the detai%s of his unc%e0s $i%%. `. The c%osure of the $orkshops $i%% )ake a %ot of peop%e redundant. . (e $i%% not ad)it chi%dren under siteen. . She $i%% $ear an eening dress. 17. The organisers $i%% ehibit the paintings ti%% the end of the )onth. 11. The' $i%% sa' nothing )ore about the )atter. 15. The po%ice $i%% interie$ hi) to)orro$. 1:. (e sha%% discuss this prob%e) %ater. 1. (hat )easures sha%% $e takeG 16. sha%% send hi) this report to)orro$. E) ". Mi)e* Tenses. Put t+e sentenes into t+e Passi,e. 1
a+ The' to%d )e an interesting stor' 'esterda'. b+ The' offered hi) a cup of tea. c+ The' pro)ised us a interesting book. d+ The' pa' hi) regu%ar%'. e+ The' $i%% sho$ us so)e ne$ )againes. f+ The' teach the chi%dren French and 8er)an. g+ The' gae hi) an initation card to the part'. h+ The' granted hi) the fi%) a %ong ter) credit.
2
Fire a%)ost co)p%ete%' destro'ed the -o'a% Hote% %ast night. B' the ti)e so)eone ca%%ed the Fire Brigade& the hote% $as a%read' b%aing. ")bu%ance took fifteen peop%e to hospita% suffering fro) seere burns. The' sa' that seen of the) are in a serious condition. Peop%e think that a discarded cigarette started the fire. 3E&g& The 5oyal !otel was almost com%letely destroyed by #ire last night y the time the 7ire rigade was/were called$ &&& 3
\ast )onth the Counci% put for$ard a p%an to )ake the seafront traffic free. ,an' of the shop and restaurant o$ners support the p%an as the' be%iee that a )ore p%easant eniron)ent $i%% i)proe their trade. Ho$eer& the hote% o$ners are %ess enthusiastic and sa'
17
that the traffic restriction $i%% )ake access to their car parks er' difficu%t. There hae a%so been protects fro) %oca% residents $ho co)p%ain that the c%osure of the seafront road $i%% )ake their 3ourne's around the to$n )uch %onger. E). #. Open t+e b-akets.
1. ,' car *da)age+ %ast night. 5. This co)puter *)ake+ in the US". :. The )achine *)ake+ in Scot%and. . The President *ki%%+ %ast night. 6. The )one' *change into do%%ars+ at the bank. ]. The parce% *post+ 'esterda'. `. Cheese *)ake+ fro) )i%k. . The chi%dren *gie+ so)e food. . The house *paint+ eer' ear. 17. Seera% peop%e *hurt+ in an accident %ast night. 11. He *sho$+ the $a' to the station. 15. She *te%%+ the ne$s $hen she returned ho)e. 1:. The' *offer+ the goods at a %o$ price. 1. Chi%dren *teach+ foreign %anguages at schoo%. 16. The' *pa'+ t$ice a )onth. 1]. He *offer+ so)e interesting $ork.. 1`. He *pro)ise+ i))ediate he%p. 1. The bu'ers *grant+ a credit of si )onths. 1. The' *gie+ detai%ed directions to)orro$. 57. The fi%) *sho$+ to us at ] o0c%ock. 51. The chi%d hopes he *gie+ a co)puter b' Santa C%aus& but his parents )ade up their )inds that the bo' *present+ $ith a ne$ scooter. 55. The boss assured the stuff the' *te%%+ about the co)ing changes. To' *te%%+ of )' future p%ans2& he said. 5:. ^on0t $orr' The burg%ars *catch+ b' the po%ice. H)& but the' are sure the' *not catch+. 5. 8et 'our passport read'& the' *ea)ine+ b' the officer. ^o to' re)e)ber $e $ere $arned that our papers *ea)ine+ hereG 56. The ho%e nation hoped he *e%ect+ Pri)e4,inister. 5]. ,ind& 'ou *punish+ if 'ou disobe' )' orders. 5`. $onder $hen )' pro3ect paper *pub%ish+. 5. The chi%d *bring up+ in a respectab%e fa)i%'. 5. The' )ade sure that the chi%d *bring up+ b' the decent peop%e.
11
:7. :1. :5. ::. :. :6.
^on0t %eae 'our outside. t *stea%+. (hen he turns up he *te%%+ the truth. The ne$ spaceship *%aunch+ in F%orida in so)e da's. The de%egation *)eet+ at the airport. _o one epected that the f%ight *de%a'+. (e fe%t happ' that the car *repair+ the net da'.
:. PRO1RESSIVE FORMS E). $. Put t+e sentenes into t+e Passi,e ,oie.
1. The' are pu%%ing do$n the o%d theatre. 5. Peop%e are spending far )ore )one' on food no$. :. The %ibrarian sa's that the' are starting a ne$ s'ste) because peop%e $ere not returning books. . The' are bui%ding a ne$ road here. 6. ,ike is doing a %ot of $ork. ]. The' $i%% be %engthening the run$a's at a%% the )ain airports. `. t is no$ ] a.). and at )ost of the hospita%s in the countr' the' are a$akening patients $ith cup of tea. . The' $ere to$ing the da)aged ship Titanic into harbour $hen the to$4%ine broke. . She is sti%% t'ping the %etters. 17. The' $ere taking )ore effectie )easures at the ti)e. 11. The' $i%% be bui%ding a ne$ )oie theatre in this s[uare net 'ear. 15. The' are ea)ining the students in roo) 57]. 1:. The goern)ent is spending %itt%e )one' on roads. 1. The' $ere thro$ing stones into the sea. 16. 9our can0t go in. The' are interie$ing her for the T. 1]. #ur scientists are ea)ining a ne$ spaceship. 1`. #ur friends are )aking preparation to )eet the). 1. The' are preparing the )ea% no$. 1. To) and Harr' $ere carr'ing our suitcases. 57. The' $i%% be discussing a er' i)portant [uestion at the )eeting to)orro$. E). %. Put t+e ,e-bs in b-akets into t+e P-esent Siple o- P-esent P-o4-essi,e Passi,e.
1. 5. :.
Such )istakes *)ake+ b' een the best students. The houses *bui%d+ of stone& brick and $ood. " ne$ )useu) no$ *open+.
15
. " specia% ru%e *)ake+ for students to be taken to the Uniersit'. 6. The goods *ea)ine+ at the )o)ent. ]. Papers *de%ier+ usua%%' at in the )orning& the' *%ook through+ at the )o)ent and 'ou0%% get 'ours soon. `. ^ress *)ake+ preferab%' of cotton in hot countries. This $onderfu% costu)e *)ake+ specia%%' for this perfor)ance no$. . 4 (hat strange sounds 4 #h& our piano *tune+. . 4 (here is 'our carG 17. 4 t *fi%%+ usua%%' on the garage at the )o)ent. 11. Tea *%a'+ usua%%' on the ba%con' in fine $eather. 15. (e are finishing the %ast preparations for the part'! the %ights *s$itch on+& the tab%es *%a'+. ^o to' think $e0%% be read' on ti)eG 1:. 0e got t$o [uestions to 'ou. First! (hat %anguage *speak+ a%% oer the $or%dG Second! (hat %anguage *speak+ in this roo)G 1. The $itness *[uestion+ b' the po%ice4inspector no$. 16. The o%d )otor$a' *use+ b' )an' peop%e& but it0s not er' conent& that0s $h' a ne$ ring4road *bui%d+ in the cit'. 1]. #ur %uggage *ea)ine+ at the Custo) no$. "n' %uggage going abroad *check+ usua%%' here. 1`. (e *gie+ a %ot of adice b' our parents. 1. "%% the contacts *sign+ b' the President. 1. 9ou0%% hae 'our cop' soon& the contract *t'pe+. 57. \ots of peop%e *operate on+ in this c%inic. "nd no$ unfortunate%' )' unc%e John *operate+ on here. E). 1&. Put t+e ,e-bs in b-akets into Past Siple o- Past P-o4-essi,e Passi,e 5o-.
1. The student *ask+ to te%% the stor' again. 5. (hi%e the professor *speak+ no sound $as uttered. :. " )odern tune *p%a'+ $hen $e ca)e into the ha%%. . Eer' )orning the bo's *te%%+ $hat the' had to do. 6. sat do$n for a rest $hi%e the repairs *do+. ]. "t %ast the prob%e) *so%e+ to eer'one0s satisfaction. `. The %ife of )an *change+ b' the ndustria% -eo%ution in the th 1 centur'. . " $eek ago the students of our group *choose+ for 3ur' serice. . The ga)e *p%a'+ $ith est b' both tea)s. 17. \ast Frida' he *)eet+ at the rai%$a' station. 11. ,an' to$ns *destro'+ b' the earth[uake in Japan %ast 'ear.
1:
15. The he%icopter *construct+ in -ussia. 1:. He *thro$+ out of c%ass cheating. 1. The pop singers arried at the airport and *$e%co)e+ b' thousands of fans. F%o$ers *thro$+ at the) a%% the $a' to the eit. 16. The eposition *open+ $hen $e droe up to the picture ga%%er'. 1]. He cou%dn0t go out as his suit and shirt *c%ean+. 1`. The petro% tank *fi%%+ %ast $eek. 1. The po%ice)an noticed that the suitcase *carr'+ b' the porter in a )ost strange $a'. 1. The naught' bo' *teach+ a er' good %esson b' his friends. 57. (hen ca)e to the skating4rink he *teach+ to skate b' his e%der brother. 51. His cousin *fine+ for eceeding speed %i)it 'esterda'. 55. droe up to the shop 3ust as it *c%ose+& but the o$ner $as kind enough to %et )e in. 5:. The' *a$ard+ the highest prie. 5. She $atched te%eision $hi%e the dinner *prepare+. 56. (hen ca)e into the kitchen s)e%t so)ething de%icious. ,' faourite cookies *bake+ in the oen.
;. PERFECT FORMS
E). 11. Put t+e sentenes into t+e Passi,e 6oie. 9#
1. The secretar' has recent%' brought this %etter. 5. Jack has 3ust spi%%ed the )i%k. :. ,' %itt%e brother has broken this cup. . She has dusted the roo) carefu%%'. 6. He fe%t better $hen he had reached the post office& bought a registered ene%ope and posted the %etter. ]. B' the ti)e the director ca)e she had t'ped the %etters. `. The' $ent ho)e after the' had finished the $ork. . He $ondered $h' $e had not isited hi) before. . car has been %ent to )e for the $eek. 17. The' $i%% hae passed the ea)s b' the end of June. 11. So)ebod' had c%eaned )' shoes and brushed )' suit. 15. Preious c%i)bers had cut steps in the ice. 1:. (e sha%% hae finished this report b' ] o0c%ock. 1. So)ebod' had s%ashed the picture $ith a knife.
1
16. The burg%ars had cut an enor)ous ho%e in the stee% door. 1]. So)eone has a%read' to%d her to report for dut' at si. 1`. Co)pare c%othes $hich $e hae $ashed $ith c%othes $hich an' other %aundr' has $ashed. 1. The author $i%% hae $ritten a specia% edition for chi%dren b' the end of the 'ear. 1. Hae the' bought the booksG 57. _obod' hae noticed the gir%. 51. Hae 'ou gien the chi%dren their )i%kG 55. (hat hae 'ou done about itG 5:. The' hae bui%t the house in record ti)e. 5. B' the ti)e he ca)e $e had done it a%%. 56. The' hae proed the scientific theor' to be fa%se. 2#
1. So)eone to%d us a er' funn' stor' 'esterda'. 5. The peop%e gae hi) a heart' $e%co)e. :. The' hae offered )' brother a er' good 3ob. . The house agents sho$ed us er' nice f%ats. 6. The secretar' didn0t te%% )e the eact ti)e of )' appoint)ent. ]. The' hae neer taught that that rood bo' good )anners. `. The teacher hasn0t asked Peter an' [uestions at this %esson. . Peop%e $ished the ne$%' )arried coup%e a %ong and happ' %ife. . The' neer te%% )e the fa)i%' ne$s. 17. The ea)iners didn0t gie us enough ti)e to ans$er a%% the [uestions. 11. " guide $i%% sho$ the tourists )ost of the sights of \ondon. 15. The' $aste a %ot of ti)e discussing uni)portant things. 1:. The' t'pe the %etters in the other office. The' $i%% t'pe 'ours in a )inute. 1. The' are repairing )' piano at the )o)ent. 16. The guests ate a%% the sand$iches& and drank a%% the %e)onade. The' %est nothing. 1]. Has so)eone posted )' parce%. 1`. (h' did no one infor)ed )e of the change of the p%anG 1. 0) afraid $e hae so%d a%% our copies but $e hae ordered )ore. 1. The' haen0t sta)ped the %etter. 57. She didn0t introduce )e to her )other. 51. "n earth[uake destro'ed the to$n. 55. He didn0t te%% )e the $ho%e truth.
16
E). 12 Put t+e ,e-bs in b-akets into t+e Past Siple Passi,e o- P-esent Pe-5et Passi,e.
1. The decorations *co)p%ete+ an hour ago. 5. The preparations for the part' 3ust *finish+ and the guests are a%read' arriing. :. The bab' *feed+ an hour ago. . Christopher *feed+ 'etG 4 _ot 'et. 6. He *not see+ for a $eek a%read'. ]. The paper *not read'+ b' an'one 'et. `. The suit *not $ear+ for a %ong ti)e. . This fact *not )ention+ in his %ast speech. . 0) happ' as 3ust *a%%o$+ to sta' here for an etra da'. 17. She *teach+ )usic in her chi%dhood. 11. 9ou eer *teach+ ho$ to p%a' chessG 15. 3ust *adise+ to keep to a diet. 1:. The sports)en *gie+ instructions before the )atch. 1. The )otorist *dis[ua%if'+ so)e fie )onths ago. 16. can0t be%iee )' e'es ,' book *pub%ish+ a%read' E). 13. Coplete t+e te)t wit+ e)p-essions 4i,en below.
had been gien had been to%d had neer been taught $as gien 3twice $as offered $as pro)ised $as sho$n $asn0t being paid $as sent 0%% neer forget )' first da' at that office. *1+ to arrie at .:7& but $hen got there the $ho%e p%ace see)ed to be e)pt'. didn0t kno$ $hat to do& because *5+ no infor)ation about the bui%ding or $here $as going to $ork& so 3ust $aited around unti% so)e of the secretaries began to turn up. Fina%%' *:+ a dirt' %itt%e office on the fifth f%oor& $here *+ a desk in a corner. _othing happened for an hourj then *6+ so)e %etters to t'pe on a co)puter b' one of the senior secretaries. This $asn0t er' successfu%& because *]+ ho$ to use a co)puter. *in the %etter *`+ $hen *+ the 3ob& *+ co)puter training& but the'0d obious%' forgotten about this.+ B' %unchti)e things hadn0t got an' better& and decided that *17+ enough to put up $ith the nonsense& so $a%ked out and didn0t go back.
1]
SECTION III. 9. THE PASSIVE MI
E). 1. Open t+e b-akets7 usin4 t+e o--et 5o- in t+e Passi,e.
1. ^on0t enter the roo) " student *to ea)ine+ there. 5. The eent *to report+ b' the ne$spapers before the' arried ho)e. :. "fter the accident he *to take+ ho)e i))ediate%'. . The %etter *to t'pe+ b' the t'pist $hen ca)e in. 6. a) sure that his $ork *to co)p%ete+ b' the end of the )onth. ]. So)e ne$ )againes 3ust *to bring+. (ou%d 'ou %ike to %ook the) throughG `. The eercises usua%%' *to correct+ b' the teacher at ho)e. . can0t sho$ 'ou )' $ritten $ork as it not *to return+ b' )' teacher. . ,an' ne$ houses *to bui%d+ in our to$n %ate%'. 17. (e think that the ship * to charter+ net $eek. 11. The goods not *to ea)ine+ 'et at the custo)4house. (hen the' *to ea)ine+G 15. The [uestion $hich *to discuss+ no$ at the conference is er' i)portant. 1:. This bridge *to bui%d+ in 16. 1. The contract *to t'pe+ before the director co)es to the office. 16. )portant scientific $ork *to carr' on+ b' that institute. 1]. "%% the students *to ea)ine+ b' fie o0c%ock. 1`. The docu)ents not *to sign+ 'et b' the )anager. The' to check no$. 1. She *to frighten+ b' a %oud noise in the street. 1. This book *pub%ish+ soon. 57. "nn *ask+ $hen entered the c%assroo). 51. 0) not $earing )' b%ack shoes toda'. The' *)end+. 55. This cop' *not read+. The pages *not cut+. 5:. (h' the car *not %ock+ or *put+ at the garageG 5. The da)aged ship *to$+ into harbour $hen the to$%ine broke. 56. This roo) *use+ on%' on specia% occasions. 5]. Bic'c%es )ust not *%eae+ in the ha%%. 5`. He $as taken to hospita% this afternoon& and *operate on+ to)orro$ )orning. 5. t $as a %one%' road& and the gir% $as afraidj she thought she *fo%%o$+.
1`
5. The paintings *ehibit+ ti%% the end of the )onth. :7. The %itt%e gir% is the on%' chi%d& and she *spoi%+ b' her parents and grandparents. :1. _or)a%%' this street *s$eep+ eer' da'& but it *not s$eep+ 'esterda'. :5. t $as er' co%d 'esterda' afternoon& but $e cou%dn0t %ight a fire in the sitting roo)j the chi)ne' *s$eep+. ::. This purse *%eae+ in a c%assroo) 'esterda'& it *find+ b' the c%eaner. :. Thousands of ne$ houses *bui%d+ eer' 'ear. :6. (hen sa$ the car& it *drie+ at oer fift' )i%es an hour. :]. This roo) *not used+ for ages. :`. The chi%dren are er' eited this )orning. The' *take+ to the circus this afternoon.. :. ,' ke's *return+ to )ej the' *pick up+ in the street. E). 1!. Open t+e b-akets. Use t+e neessa-/ tenses in t+e Passi,e 6oie.
1. \ook There0s nothing here. Eer'thing *to take+ a$a'. 5. (e *to te%%+ to $ait because the )an *to [uestion+ 3ust. :. f an'one co)es in 'ou *to find+ %ooking through his papers. . (e can0t get there in ti)e. B' the ti)e $e get there the papers *to destro'+. 6. (h' nothing *to do+ about it at the ti)eG ]. 9ou can0t go in. She *to interie$+ for the T. `. She pro)ised that nothing *to do+ ti%% he ca)e back . had a )ost unp%easant fee%ing that *to $atch+. . She %ooked a different gir%. Her face *to $atch+& her hair *to co)b+. 17. (e cou%d sti%% see the tracks $here the car *to drag+ off the road. E). 1". Use t+e ,e-b in b-akets in t+e app-op-iate 5o-.
1. 9ou can0t use the refrigerator at the )o)ent& it *to fi+ b' the )echanic. 5. " ne$ )etro %ine *to construct+ no$. #ne of its station *to bui%d+ in our street. :. \ike )an' )ediea% cities& ,osco$ dee%oped round the $a%%s of a strongho%d. First a brick $a%% *to bui%d+ around the )erchants0 [uarter $hich *to kno$+ as itaigorod& then& in the 1] th centur'& a ne$ $a%% *to erect+ round the so4ca%%ed Be%' 8orod.
1
. ,aie *to use+ b' )an' peop%es of the $or%d to )ake their bread. 6. " second ta%k on ho$ to hand%e the ne$ )achine *to gie+ to)orro$ at the sa)e ti)e b' one of the inentors. ]. _o ob3ections to the p%an *to offer+ so far& but it *not to introduce+ unti% it *to put+ to ote. `. Eer'bod' $as bus' as a $e%co)ing part' *to operate+ in honour of the distinguished isitors. . So)e fina% touches *to put+ to the picturej it *to co)p%ete+ in a [uarter of an hour. . Eident%' the tea *to s$eeten+ before put sugar into it. E).1#. -ite passi,e sentenes.
1. Chinese *speak+ in Singapore. 5. The Ta3 ,aha% *bui%d+ around 1]7. :. The ne$ hospita% *open+ net 'ear. . She *interie$+ no$ 6. re%eased *fo%%o$+. ]. *9ou inite+ to "nd'0s part'. `. He found that a%% his )one' *stea%+. . These co)puters *)ake+ in orea. . Passengers *ask+ not to speak to the drier. 17. Sorr' about the noise 4 the road *)end+. 11. The i%%age church *burn do$n+ %ast 'ear. 15. " -o)an pae)ent *3ust find+ under #ford street. E). 1$. Put t+e ,e-bs in b-akets into a suitable tense in t+e passi,e.
The bui%ding at the top of the High Street is Barford Ha%%. t *bui%d+ in 15` and toda' it *regard+ as the finest 8eorgian bui%ding in the countr'. " nu)ber of changes *)ake+ since it $as bui%t& but the front of the bui%ding *not change+. Toda' the Ha%% *o$n+ b' Barda%e Counci%& and for the %ast ten 'ears it *use+ as a ho)e for Barford "rts Centre. "t the )o)ent a s)a%% art ga%%er' *bui%d+ behind the Ha%%.
1
E). 1%. Put t+e ,e-bs into a suitable tense in t+e passi,e. 8-aatise t+e *ialo4ue. Rew-ite t+e *ialo4ue in t+e Repo-te* Spee+.
,"-9! _E\! ,"-9! _E\! ,"-9! _E\! ,"-9!
_E\! ,"-9! _E\! ,"-9! _E\!
,"-9!
_E\! ,"-9! _E\!
Hi 0) back. Sorr' 0) %ate. He%%o. (hat kept 'ouG had to use the ring road and *stick+ in a traffic 3a) for fort' )inutes. (h' didn0t 'ou use the usua% routeG Because the road *c%ose+ unti% $ork on the access road to the ne$ hospita% *co)p%ete+. (hen is it due to *finish+G (e%%& the access road *open+ b' the ,a'or net $eek& according to the ne$spaper& and the Hea%th ,inister *inite+ to open the hospita% on the sa)e da'& but the' don0t kno$ 'et $hether she0s definite%' co)ing. " %ot of )one' *$aste+ if she doesn0t co)e. (h' is thatG Haen0t 'ou seen a%% those rose bushes that *p%ant+ round the hospita%G SoG The'0%% be %oe%' for the patients. But the patients $on0t bee ab%e to see the)& because the'0re round the entrance& and the $ards %ook out in the other direction. " %ot of peop%e protested about it& but a%% their co)p%ains *ignore+ unti% it $as too %ate. f the' had )one' to spare& it *spend+ on faci%ities for patients& not on )aking the front %ook prett' for the ,inister. "bso%ute%'. t0s t'pica% of this %oca% counci%. The' *e%ect+ to sae )one'& but the' do 3ust the opposite. Perhaps the' *thro$+ out at the net e%ection. hope so. _o$& are 'ou read' for supperG
E). 2&. Rew-ite t+ese sentenes in t+e Passi,e.
1. 8%inka co)posed the opera an Susanin. 5. This )ine $i%% produce %arge [uantities of coa% this 'ear. :. " rai%$a' %ine connects the i%%age $ith the to$n. . " fa)ous architect designed this theatre. 6. This p%ant had fu%fi%%ed the 'ear%' p%an b' the 16 th _oe)ber. ]. The student read the tet a%oud `. The teacher $i%% correct the student0s co)position.
57
. Soiet scientists are )aking $onderfu% discoeries. . (ho has $ritten this artic%eG 17. The $orkers are un%oading the stea)er. 11. The director has 3ust signed the %etter. 15. The custo)s officer is counting the cases. 1:. (hen he entered the roo)& the %ega% adiser $as checking the contract. 1. The bu'ers $i%% insure the cargo $ith 8osstrakh. 16. "s the bu'ers had not opened a %etter of credit& $e cou%d not ship the goods. 2. ACTIVE OR PASSIVE= MI
E). 21. Put t+e ,e-b in b-akets into t+e Past In*e5inite in t+e 'ti,e o- in t+e Passi,e 6oie.
1. " note *bring+ in& addressed to E%eanor& and *put+ on a tab%e to a$ait her. 5. (hen the door *c%ose+& o%d Jo%'on *drop+ his paper& and *stare+ %ong and anious%' in front of hi). :. To his kno$ing e'es the scene be%o$ easi%' *ep%ain+. . Then the door *shut+ behind hi)/ 6. Fina%%' his na)e *ca%%+& and the bo' *push+ for$ard to her. ]. Taking the %a)p& the' *go+ into the $oodshed $here the coa% *deposit+. `. Fina%%' he *persuade+ b' Bass to go a$a'. . But $hen autu)n *co)e+ the co$s *drie+ ho)e fro) the grass. . *%ead+ the $a' up and as *reach+ the top& the door *open+ b' ,r. S)ith. 17. "t %unch nothing *discuss+ but the %atest ne$s. 11. Bass& a er' )uch astonished bo'& *set+ free. 15. (i%% 'ou $ork on this 3ob a%% 'our %ifeG The [uestion *ask+ $ith sincere interest. 1:. Jerr' *kno$+ he *hide+ b' darkness and the )assie fo%iage. She *tap+ on the door. John *open+ it 1. For the fe$ first )inutes he *occup'+ $ith eatingj then as his appetite *[uiet+& he *take+ his ti)e. 16. The %iing4roo) *s$eep+& *)op+ and *dust+.
51
E) 22. Put t+e ,e-b in b-akets into t+e Past Siple7 t+e Past Continuous an* t+e Past Pe-5et in t+e 'ti,e o- in t+e Passi,e 6oie.
1. Each of the chi%dren *receie+ a due share of ,rs. 8erhardt0s attention. The %itt%e bab' c%ose%' *%ook+ after her. 5. Fro) the c%ink of dishes one cou%d te%% that supper *prepare+. :. He *take+ the) out to the house& and 8eorge *sho$+ the $a' to the office. . The front door of his house *un%ock+ as he *%eae+ it. 6. ,rs. Bro$n *co)e+ to infor) her that dinner a%read' *sere+. ]. His phrase *greet+ b' a strange %augh fro) a student $ho *sit+ near the $a%%. `. Jennie *%eae+ a%one& but& the $ood4doe& she *be7 a oice of s$eetness in the su))er4ti)e. . "nne *not see+ Henr' unti% the part' *seat+. . n the )eanti)e the eening )ea% *announce+& and she *go+ and *3oin+ the fa)i%'. 17. \ester *not attend+ the $edding& though he *inite+. 11. (hi%e the supper *eat+ Sebastian *offer+ a suggestion to go there i))ediate%'. 15. "nne *shake+ b' the incredib%e change of his tone. 1:. She *$ant+ things not so )uch for herse%f as for her chi%d & and she *be+ anious to do $hateer she *te%%+. 1. The house *%ook+ after $ith scrupu%ous care b' others& for Jennie *be+ incapab%e of attending to it herse%f. 16. "s she *co)e+ to the carriage the door *open+ and *see+ a $o)an there. 1]. (hen the phone *ring+& *reach+ for the phone& and *te%%+ *ca%%+ fro) ,osco$. 1`. n the )ean$hi%e Jennie *%eae+ to brood. 1. "t the er' second the beautifu% )usic she *%isten+ to *%isten+ b' eer'one $ho *be+ there. 1. ,ark *open+ his e'es hard& *shake+ his head& and *%ook+ at the other bed. t *not s%eep+ in. E). 23. Put t+e ,e-b in b-akets into t+e -e9ui-e* tense in t+e 'ti,e o- in t+e Passi,e 6oie. 9.# 1. (e constant%' *disturb+ b' unnecessar' te%ephone ca%%s 'esterda'. 5. *take+ aback b' $hat 'ou *te%%+ )e 3ust no$.
55
:. Te%% Te%% )e the truth& truth& 'ou *shock+ b' $hat *sa'+G . The office office *fi%%+ $ith the actiit' of of the radio sho$. 6. The ga)e *p%a'+ $e%% b' both tea)s %ast Sunda'. Sunda'. ]. C%ee%and %ike eer' other gro$ing cit' at this ti)e ti)e *cro$d+ $ith those $ho *seek+ *se ek+ e)p%o')ent. `. "t Bass0s suggest suggestion ion Jennie Jennie *$rite+ her )other )other to co)e at once& and a $eek are or %ater a suitab%e house *find+ and *rent+. . Eer' )orning )orning the bo's *te%%7 $hat to do. . The stor'te%%er stor'te%%er *ask+ *ask+ to te%% the ta%e again. again. 2#
1. (hen $e *co)e+ *co)e+ in a )ea% *prepare+ *prepare+ for us. us. 5. (hat tune tune *p%a'+ $hen $hen $e *co)e+ *co)e+ inG :. *sit+ do$n do$n for a rest $hi%e the shoes *repair+. . The )an *operate+ on $hen the the %ights %ights *go+ out. 6. t take take a )o)ent ent bef before ore _ick _ick *rea *rea%%ise+ ise+ that that he *of *offer+ er+ a ne$spaper. ]. cou%dn cou%dn0t 0t take an' photog photograp raphs hs because )' ca)era ca)era *repair *repair++ at that ti)e. :#
1. suppose 'ou *te%%+ *te%%+ this this before. before. 5. Co)e in and hae 'our )i%k. t *keep+ hot for 'ou %ong. 9ou *be+ %ate. (here 'ou *be+G :. t *occ *occur ur++ to )e that that for for the the %ast %ast t$en t$ent' t'44t$o t$o ho hour urss )' %ife %ife *goern+ b' 'ours 4 b' 'our needs. . 9o 9ou *%ie+ in the sa)e houseG he fina%%' fina%%' *in[uire*. *in[uire*. _#& $e *)oe+ out. (e *gie+ a ne$ f%at. 6. (e a%$a's *init *inite+ e+ there. ;#
1. (hen (hen she *go+& he *sett%e+ *sett%e+ do$n do$n $ith the c%ock c%ock 4 a ^utch ^utch piece too too hea ea' to take take a$a' a$a'jj it *pick pick++ up b' Ja) Ja)es& es& *ch *chi)e+ eer'thing& and a %ot of stars on its face. face . 5. (hen (hen the %ast %ast go good od4b 4b'e 'e *sa'+ *sa'+ and and %ast %ast soun sound d of $hee%s $hee%s and and hooes *die+ a$a'& she *go+ into her roo). :. He *sa'+ he *detain+ *detain+ on on business. business.
5:
E). 2. Rea* t+is lette- 5-o Mau-ie7 w+o is on +oli*a/ in (-itain7 to +is siste- Sall/ in New :ealan*. Put t+e ,e-bs in a suitable tense7 ati,e o- passi,e.
^ear Sa%%'& Ho$ are 'ouG (e0e been haing a %oe%' ti)e. (e0re er' $e%% %ooked after b' our hosts. (e *take+ sightseeing and $e *introduce+ to so)e of their friends& $ho *)ake+ us fee% er' $e%co)e. \ast night $e *sho$+ round a cast%e& b' the o$ner ,ost of the %and in this area *be%ong+ to his fa)i%' for about fie hundred 'ears. "pparent%'& the %and *gie+ to the) after one of the his ancestors *ki%%+ $hi%e tr'ing to sae the king0s %ife. luite ro)antic& isn0t itG The cast%e itse%f $as a %itt%e bit disappointing& to be abso%ute%' honest. The o$ner to%d us that it *suffer+ serious da)age during a fire about thirt' 'ears ago. (hen it *restore+ the' *add+ centra% heating and things %ike that. So once 'ou0re inside it *not fee%+ )uch different to an' other %arge& o%d house. But the o$ner is a rea% character. He to%d us %ots of stories about things that *happen+ to hi) $hen he $as abroad to $ork in a bank& but he hated it& so he *behae+ er' bad%' in order to *sack+. He kept us %aughing for hours. hope he *inite+ here before $e %eae. 0%% hae %ots )ore to te%% 'ou $hen $e get back. ba ck. Take care. 9ours 9ours affectionate%'& affectionat e%'& ,aurice. E). 2!. Use t+e notes to w-ite sentenes about 'e-ian +isto-/. +isto-/. Put t+e ipo-tant un*e-line* in5o-ation in5o-ation at t+e en* o5 t+e sentene.
E.g.! Britain 4 ru%e the ")erican co%onies The American colonies were ruled by ritain& 1. (ashington ashington 4 beco)e 4 President (ashington 5. bu' 4 \ouisiana \ouisiana 4 fro) France. \ouisiana :. discoer discoer 4 go%d 4 Ca%iforni Ca%iforniaa . the _orth 4 $in 4 the Cii% (ar 6. b%ack peop%e peop%e 4 $ant 4 e[ua% e[ua% rights rights ]. shoot 4enned' 4enned' 41]: 41]:
5
SECTION IV. IV. 9. THE PASSIVE AFTER MOA, MO A, VER-S "see note > p. :#
E). 2". Put 2". Put t+e sentenes sentenes into t+e passi,e passi,e ,oie.
1. )ust )ust do it at once. 5. 9ou 9ou can use the )ateria% ffor or 'our $ork. :. can0t send off off the %etter toda'. toda'. . (e cou%dn0t finish the $ork in ti)e. 6. 9ou 9ou )a' %eae the dictionaries on the tab%e. ]. (e hae to do this this $ork eer' da'. `. The' had had to put the the goods on the deck. . The se%%ers are to charter a ship for the transportation transportation of the goods. . 9ou 9ou shou%d change change the end of 'our stor'. stor'. 17. The co))i co))itte tteee )us )ustt disc discuss uss the [uesti [uestion on i))e i))edia diate% te%' '. 11. Th Thee acc accou ount ntan antt )as )astt che check ck the the in inoi oice ce.. 15. The )anuf )anufactu actures res can de%i de%ier er the )achi )achine ne at the the end of the )o )ont nth. h. 1:. The agent agent )us )ustt info infor) r) the bu bu'er 'erss of the arria arria%% of of the the stea) stea)er er.. 1.. 9ou )us 1 )ustn tn0t 0t use use this this )ach )achin inee aft after er 6!: 6!:7 7 p.). p.). 16.. 9ou sho 16 shou% u%d d keep keep the the f%o f%o$e $ers rs in in a $or $or) ) sun sunn' n' p%ace p%ace.. 1].. He )us 1] )ustt c%ea c%ean n thi thiss )ac )achi hine ne eer eer' ' ti) ti)ee he he uses uses it. it. 1`. 9ou shou shou%d %d pa' 'o 'our ur bi%% bi%% before before 'ou %eae %eae the the hote hote%. %. 1. 9ou )ust )ustn0 n0tt touch touch this this butto button n $hi% $hi%ee the epe eperi ri)e )ent nt in in prog progress ress.. 1.. Th 1 Thee chi% chi%dr dren en shou shou%d %dn0 n0tt ha haee open opened ed tha thatt parce parce%. %. 57.. "%% 57 "%% isi isito tors rs )u )ust st $ear $ear ide ident ntit it' ' badges badges.. E). 2#. Coplete t+e sentenes wit+ t+e 4i,en wo-*s usin4 t+e in t+e passi,e.
1. Ja)es *shou%d m te%%+ the the ne$s as soon as possib%e. 5. Ja)es *shou%d m te%%+ the ne$s ne$s a %ong ti)e ago. :. ,eat *)ust m keep+ in a refrigerator or it $i%% spoi%. . (e tried& but the $indo$ *cou%dn0t m open+. t $as painted shut. 6. 8ood ne$s *)a' *)a' m offer+ offer+ a 3ob soon. had an interie$ interie$ at an engineering fir) 'esterda'. ]. The c%ass for net se)ester se)ester is too %arge. %arge. t *ought *ought to m diide+ in ha%f& but there is not enough )one' in the budget to hire another teacher. `. \ast se)ester0s c%ass $as too %arge. t *ought *ought to mdiide+ in ha%f. ha%f.
56
. These books *hae to m return+ to the %ibrar' b' to)orro$. . "! "nd'& 'our chores *had better m finish+ b' the ti)e get ho)e& inc%uding taking out the garbage. B! ^on0t $orr'& ,o). 0%% do eer'thing 'ou to%d )e to do. 17. "nn0s birthda' $as on the 6 th& and no$ it is a%read' the th. Her birthda' card *shou%d m send+ a $eek ago. ,a' be $e0d better gie her a ca%% to $ish her a be%ated happ' birthda'. E). 2$. Use t+e ,e-b in pa-ent+eses wit+ an/ app-op-iate o*al o- siila- e)p-essions. 'll o5 t+e sentenes a-e passi,e. In an/ sentenes7 o-e t+an one o*al is possible. Use t+e o*al t+at soun*s best to /ou.
1. The entire a%%e' *see+ fro) their )ountain ho)e. 5. He is $earing a go%d band on his fourth finger. He *)arr'+. :. "ccording to our teacher& a%% of our co)positions *$rite+ in ink. He $on0t accept papers $ritten in penci%. . found this book on )' desk $hen ca)e to c%ass. t *%eae+ b' one of the students in the ear%ier c%ass. 6. Fie of the co))ittee )e)bers $i%% be unab%e to attend the net )eeting. n )' opinion& the )eeting *postpone+. ]. " chi%d *gie& not+ eer'thing he or she $ants. `. 9our daughter has a good oice. Her interest in singing *encourage+. . Tr' to speak s%o$%' $hen 'ou gie 'our speech. f 'ou don0t& so)e of 'our $ords *)isunderstand+. . So)e UF# sightings *ep%ain& not+ easi%'. _o one is ab%e to ep%ain the) easi%'.
2. PASSIVE VER-S *ITH PREPOSITIONA, O-?ECTS "see note 9@ p. ;#
n these eercises )ost of the sentences contain a erb m preposition/aderb co)binations. The preposition of aderb )ust be retained $hen the co)bination is put into the passie. n )ost of the sentences it is not necessar' to )ention the agent. E). 2%. ;i,e t+e o--espon*in4 passi,e onst-ution.
1. (e %ooked through a%% adertise)ents er' attentie%' 5. The gardener gathered a%% the dr' %eaes and set fire to the). :. Peop%e $i%% ta%k )uch about the successfu% debut of the 'oung actress& no doubt.
5]
. 9ou can re%' upon 'our guide0s eperience. 6. (h' didn0t the speaker d$e%% %onger upon this [uestionG ]. 9ou shou%d send the sick )an to hospita%. The' $i%% %ook after hi) )uch better there. `. He $as er' g%ad that nobod' took notice of his %ate arria%. . He $as a bri%%iant speaker& and& $heneer he spoke& the audience %istened to hi) $ith great attention. . (h' did the' %augh at hi)G 17. _obod' eer referred to that incident 11. U sent )' daughter for the doctor. 15. (e %istened to the teacher er' attentie%'. 1:. (e spoke )uch about his speech. 1. His friend a%$a's found fau%t $ith hi). 16. (e often refer to his artic%e. 1]. The' agreed upon the p%an. 1`. Peop%e often ask for this book. 1. ,' friend a%$a's takes care of )' %itt%e sister. 1. The' took no notice of his $ords. 57. The' $i%% %isten to his %ectures $ith great interest. 51. His friends a%$a's %augh at hi). 55. (e hae %ied in this house. 5:. " distinguished surgeon $i%% operate on )' sister. E). 3&. ;i,e t+e o--espon*in4 passi,e onst-ution.
1. Eer'bod' ob3ected to his proposa%. 5. (e sent for co)rade ^. as soon as the te%egra) arried. :. think that $e can re%' on this infor)ation. . The' insisted on these ter)s. 6. The' often refer to his book. ]. Eer'bod' %ooked at the) $hen the' entered the ha%%. `. ^o 'ou think that $e can re%' on these figuresG . 0) afraid that the' $i%% not arrie at an agree)ent. . 0) sure that the ne$spapers $i%% co))ent on this eent. 17. 0) sure that nobod' $i%% ob3ect to this p%an. 11. (i%% the' %isten to hi) $ith interestG 15. ^id the' speak )uch of this eentG 1:. The' )ust %ook in to this )atter. 1. 9ou )ust send for the) as soon as possib%e. 16. The contract proided for the de%ier' of caiar at regu%ar intera%s. 1]. The' )ust dispose of the goods in the near future.
5`
1`. 1. 1. 57. 51. 55. 5:. 5. 56.
9ou can depend on her. ,an' facts accounted for the rise in the price of tin. The' )a' ob3ect to 'our p%an. The' )ust co))ent on this eent. _obod' %aughed at hi) $hen he said it. 9ou shou%d refer to this [uotation )ore often. 9ou )ust %isten to 'our teacher er' attentie%'. 9ou )ust not interfere $ith the). 9ou shou%d not insist on it.
E). 31. Put t+e sentene wit+ a ,e-b < p-eposition=a*,e-b obination into t+e passi,e.
1. The goern)ent has ca%%ed out troops. 5. Fog he%d up the trains. :. 9ou are to %eae this here. So)eone $i%% ca%% for it %ater on. . (e ca%%ed in the po%ice. 6. The' didn0t %ook after the chi%dren proper%'. ]. Then the' ca%%ed up the )en of 5. `. Eer'one %ooked up to hi). . "%% the )inisters $i%% see hi) off at the airport. . He hasn0t s%ept in his bed. 17. (e can bui%d on )ore roo)s. 11. The' thre$ hi) out. 15. The' $i%% hae to adopt a different attitude. 1:. He0s a dangerous )aniac. The' ought to %ock hi) up. 1. Her stor' didn0t take the) in. 16. Burg%ars broke into the house. 1]. The )anufactures are giing a$a' s)a%% to's $ith each packet of cerea%. 1`. The' took do$n the notice. 1. The' fro$n on s)oking here. 1. "fter the goern)ent had spent a )i%%ion pounds on the sche)e the' decided that it $as i)practicab%e and gae it up. 39ae only the #irst and last verbs %assive& 57. Peop%e )ust hand in their $eapons. 51. The cro$d shouted hi) do$n. 55. Peop%e often take hi) for his brother. 5:. _o one has taken out the cork.
5
5. The fir) co)pan' $ere to hae used the poo% for a[uatic disp%a's& but no$ the' hae changed their )inds about it and are fi%%ing it in. 39ae the #irst and last verbs %assive& 56. This co%%ege is a%read' fu%%. (e are turning a$a' the $ho%e ti)e. 5]. 9ou $i%% hae to pu%% do$n this sk'scraper as 'ou hae not co)p%ied $ith the to$n p%anning regu%ations. E). 32. T-anslate into Russian.
1. ,' $atch it fastG t cannot be re%ied upon. 5. Chi%dren are $e%% taken care of b' the Soiet 8oern)ent. :. (h' $as he %aughed atG . He is a%$a's %istened to $ith great interest. 6. She is er' $e%% spoken of. ]. (hen $as sent forG `. He pro)ised that the )atter $ou%d be %ooked into. . The ti)e of ship)ent has been agreed upon. . "s an agree)ent had not been arried at& the dispute $as b' arbitration. 17. The goods $ere disposed of b' auction. 11. The c%ause proposed b' the bu'ers $as ob3ected to b' the se%%ers. 15. The doctor& $ho $as i))ediate%' sent for& said that the sick )an )ust be taken to the hospita%. 1:. 9esterda' sa$ the fi%) $hich is )uch spoken about. 1. shou%d %ike to read the artic%e referred to b' the professor. 16. (e cannot change the ter)s of pa')ent $hich $ere agreed upon during the negotiations. 1]. The speaker& $ho $as %istened to $ith great interest& spoke about the use of ato)ic energ' for peacefu% purposes. 1`. The ter)s agreed upon $ere adantageous for both the parties. 1. $ant to hae so)e handbooks on this [uestion& $hich can be retired on. 1. This is a book often referred to. 57. The artic%e of the agree)ent ob3ected to during the negotiations )ust reconsidered.
5
E). 33. E)p-ess in t+e passi,e t+e seon* o5 ea+ o5 t+e 5ollowin4 pai-s o5 sentenes. 8o not ention t+e ati,e sub>ets. T+e 5i-st two sentenes a-e *one 5o- /ou. E:am%les 1. He se%do) keeps his pro)ise. _o one can re%' on hi). !e can’t be relied on& 5. He0s er' sensitie. He doesn0t %ike peop%e to %augh at hi). !e doesn’t lie to be laughed at&
1. The chi%d is er' i%%. So)eone )ust send for the doctor. 5. The o%d car is in ece%%ent condition. The o$ner has %ooked after it er' $e%%. :. He $as speaking for t$o hours. The peop%e %istened to hi) in co)p%ete si%ence. . She is going into hospita% to)orro$. The doctors and nurses $i%% take good care of her. 6. This %itt%e bo' is a%$a's dirt'. _o one %ooks after hi) proper%'. ]. She is a%$a's breaking things in the kitchen. So)eone )ust speak to her about her care%essness. `. He0s sensib%e )an. Peop%e %isten to his adise carefu%%'. . The dentist said her teeth $ere er' bad. _o one had taken care of the). . He neer broke a pro)ise in his %ife. Peop%e cou%d a%$a's re%' on hi). 17. Shakespeare $as born )ore than 77 'ears ago. Peop%e %ook upon hi) as the greatest of Eng%ish poets.
:. THE PASSIVE *ITH 1ET
(e so)eti)es use 4et in the passie rather than be! \ots of post)en get bitten b' dogs. Ho$ did the painting get da)agedG 0) a%$a's getting chosen for the unp%easant 3obs. (e use 4et )ain%' in infor)a% Eng%ish. (e use 4et to e)phasise action or change. (e often use it for so)ething happening b' accident& unepected%'& or in an unp%anned $a'. (e a%so use 4et in idio)atic epressions& e.g. get washed$ get dressed 3changed$ get engaged 3married/divorced$ get started&
:7
E). 3. Look at t+ese newspape- +ea*lines an* tell /ou- 5-ien* w+at?s in t+e news. Use t+e passi,e wit+ 4et in t+e p-esent pe-5et @e.4. +as 4ot o- t+e p-esent ontinuous @e.4. a-e 4ettin4.
E.g.! Post office %oses i)portant docu)ent 9ou! An im%ortant document has got lost& 1. Hea' %orries da)aging )otor $a's 9ou! The )otor$a's 5. anda%s knock $a%% do$n 9ou! " $a%% :. Stor) b%o$s off roof 9ou! " roof . Co)panies pa'ing industria% $orkers higher $ages 9ou! ndustria% $orkers E). 3!. Coplete t+e sentenes. I5 possible7 use a tense o5 t+e ,e-b 4et. Ot+e-wise use t+e ,e-b be.
1. neer found that book $e $ere %ooking for. t %ost $hen $e )oed house 5. "fter the $a' he behaed %ast ti)e he $ent to their house it0s un%ike%' he asked there again. :. _atura%%' this ase is epensie. "fter a%%& it be%ieed to be oer three hundred 'ears o%d. . phoned to ep%ain $hat had happened but cut off before cou%d finish. 6. There isn0t an' cheese %eftj it eaten b' the chi%dren. ]. He $as a $e%%4kno$n epert on ani)a% diseases and his opinions great%' respected. `. The co)petition is stiff and be thri%%ed if her design chosen. . The book torn $hen the chi%dren started fighting oer $ho shou%d read it first. . P%ease don0t touch an'thing on )' desk. 9ou e)p%o'ed to ans$er the te%ephone& not to tid' the office. 17. She $as [uite friend%' at first& then she pro)oted and she doesn0t care about us an' )ore.
:1
E). 3". Coplete t+e sentenes b/ usin4 an app-op-iate 5o- o5 4et an* t+e 4i,en ,e-bs.
E.g.! think 0%% stop $orking. *tire+. ; thin ;’ll sto% woring& ; am getting tired& 1. There $as an accident& but nobod' *hurt+. 5. (e didn0t hae a )ap& so $e *%ose+. :. (e can0t %eae as soon as 'ou *dress+. . (hen 'ou *)arr'+. 6. Ho$ %ong did it take 'ou to *accusto)+ to %iing hereG ]. Sa) $as supposed to be ho)e an hour ago& but he sti%% isn0t here. *$orr'+. `. Just tr' to take it eas'. ^on0t *upset+. . *confuse+ because eer'bod' gae )e different adice. . (e can0t %eae as soon as *do+ $ith his $ork. 17. Chris *depress+ $hen she %ost her 3ob& so tried to cheer her up. 11. 9ou *inite+ to the part'G 15. *bore+& so didn0t sta' for the end of the )oie. 1:. 0%% be read' to %eae as soon as *pack+. 1. *pa'+ on 0%% gie 'ou the )one' o$e 'ou net Frida'. #ka'G 16. "fter Ed graduated he *hire+ b' an engineering fir). 1]. But %ater he *fire+ because he didn0t do his $ork. 1`. \ast night *finish& not+ $ith )' ho)e$ork unti% after )idnight. 1. *disgust+ and %eft because the things the' $ere sa'ing at the )eeting $ere ridicu%ous. 1. First& the' *engage+. Then& the' *)arr'+. \ater& the' *diorce+. Fina%%'& the' *re)arr'+. Toda' the' are er' happ'. E). 3#. C-eate sentenes wit+ 4et an* t+e 4i,en wo-*s.
Confused )arried done ecited scared
dressed finished %ost hurt cheated
bored e%ected $orried prepared $rink%ed
:5
;. PASSIVE SENTENCES *ITH AN *ITHO0T -7
n a passie sentences $e )entioned the agent& the person or thing doing action& on%' if it is i)portant. (e do not )ention the agent $hen! 1.
the agent does not add an' ne$ infor)ation! The money was stolen& The men were arrested last night& (e do not need to sa' that the )one' $as sto%en b5 a t)ie4 or that the )en $ere arrested b5 t)e police.
5.
the agent is not i)portant! The streets are cleaned every day&
:.
it is difficu%t to sa' $ho the agent is! This ind o# jacet is considered very smart& A number o# attem%ts have been made to the =och >ess monster&
E)pt' sub3ect *5o8 t)e58 people etc.+ (e can use an e)pt' sub3ect0 such as 'ou& one& the'& peop%e or so)eone. (e can so)eti)es use the) instead of the passie& especia%%' in conersation. Co)pare! "CTE Aou=One should chec the details& T+e/’re increasing the rents& People use this #oot%ath every day& Soeone too my %urse&
P"SSE The details should be checed& The rents are being increased& This #oot%ath is used every day& 9y %urse was taen&
E). 3$. Rew-ite t+ese ,e-bs as passi,es7 keepin4 t+e in t+e sae tense7 an* -eo,in4 t)e58 %e8 so&eone 7 et.
1. (e c%ean the garages eer' da'. The garages are cleaned every day& 5. So)eone has gien hi) a %ot of )one'. :. The po%ice arrested t$o hundred peop%e. . (e check eer' car engine thorough%'.
::
6. (e eport this co)puter to seent' different countries. ]. The' hae cance%%ed the )eeting. `. (e opened the factor' at nine oc%ock. . The' send t$o )i%%ion books to ")erica eer' 'ear. . (e hae inited a%% the students in the schoo%. 17. (e hae to%d hi) not to be %ate again. 11. The' posted a%% the %etters 'esterda'. 15. The )achine $raps the bread auto)atica%%'. 1:. The' paid )e a %ot of )one' to do the 3ob. 1. Fortunate%'& the' didnt da)age the )achiner'. 16. (e send the ne$spapers to Scot%and b' train. E). 3%. Rew-ite t+ese sentenes in t+e passi,e. T+e sub>et o5 t+e ati,e sentene an usuall/ be oitte*B /ou s+oul* inlu*e in t+e passi,e sentenes onl/ i5 it is neessa-/
1. So)eones interie$ ^r Johnson at the )o)ent. ^r Johnson ?r @ohnsons being interviewed at the moment& 5. 9ou )ustnt use this )achine after 6!:7 p.). This )achine :. (e had $arned hi) the da' before not to go too near to the cana%. He . The' $ere painting the outside of the ship $hen the accident happened. The outside of the ship 6. 9ou )ust c%ean this )achine eer' ti)e 'ou use it. This )achine ]. 9ou shou%d keep the f%o$ers in a $ar) sunn' p%ace. The f%o$ers `. The're )ending 'our shoes at the )o)ent. 9our shoes . So)eone $i%% drie 'our car to Edinburg on Tuesda'. 9our car . 9ou shou%d pa' 'our bi%% before 'ou %eae the hote%. 9our bi%% 17. hae to%d the chi%dren about the part'. The chi%dren 11. "bout thirt' )i%%ion peop%e $atching this progra))e. This progra))e 15. (e epect students not to ta%k during the ea)ination. Students
:
1:. 9ou )ustnt touch this button $hi%e eperi)ent is in progress. This button 1. So)eone $i%% b%o$ a $hist%e if there is a e)ergenc'. " $hist%e 16. So)eone $as carr'ing the bo)b to a safe p%ace $hen it ep%oded. The bo)b 1]. So)eones )oed )' chair ,' chair 1`. The po%ice are [uestioning ,r and ,rs ^aidson. ,r and ,rs ^aidson 1. So)eone checks the $ater %ee% eer' $eek. The $ater %ee% 1. (e inited t$o hundred peop%e to the $edding. T$o hundred peop%e 57. (e don0t a%%o$ s)oking in this restaurant. S)oking E). &. Rew-ite t+e sentenes7 puttin4 t+e un*e-line* ,e-bs into t+e Passi,e. Make an/ ot+e- +an4es neessa-/.
The co)pan' is sorr' to announce that the situation has forced it to introduce a range of cost4cutting )easures as fro) the beginning of the ne$ 'ear. Unfortunate%'& $e can no %onger proide free tea and coffee. So)eone is going to insta%% ne$ coin4operated )achines in eer' depart)ent and 'ou can purchase a $ide range of drinks fro) these. (e $i%% a%so stop oerti)e pa')ents after the end of this )onth and $e $i%% epect a%% )e)bers of staff to co)p%ete their duties $ithin their contact hours. 9ou )ust no %onger )ake persona% ca%%s fro) office phones and $e re[uest 'ou to use the pa'phone in the base)ent for this purpose. E). 1. Rew-ite t+e sentenes7 puttin4 t+e un*e-line* ,e-bs into t+e Passi,e. Make an/ ot+e- +an4es neessa-/. Rep-o*ue t+e *ialo4ues in t+e Repo-te* Spee+.
Jane is ta%king to her friend 8reg about her ho%ida'. 8! So& ho$ $as the ho%ida'G J! #h& it $as fantastic. The' organised eer'thing so $e%%. "s soon as $e arried at the airport& our courier )et us and took us to hote%. So)eone had c%eaned a%% the roo)s beautifu%%' and put fresh f%o$ers on the tab%es.
:6
8! #h& ho$ %oe%'. "nd $hat about the foodG J! t $as ece%%ent. The' fresh%' prepared it a%% in the hote% and the' een )ade the bread in the hote% kitchen. The' sered bread ro%%s hot eer' )orning $ith breakfast. 8! ,)& it does sound good. )ust sa'& d %ike so)eone to cook )' )ea%s for )e for a coup%e of $eeks. "nd $hat about the surrounding areaG (as that niceG J! #h& beautifu%. There $ere trips eer' da' and the' sho$ed us a%% the %oca% sights. There $as so )uch histor' to see& 9oud %oe it there& honest%'. E). 2. Rea* t+is in5o-ation about w+at +appene* to t+e atsons. So)eone broke into the (atsons0 house at the $eekend. The burg%ar took so)e 3e$e%%er'. But he didn0t do an' da)age. " 'oung po%ice$o)an interie$ed ,rs (atson. The po%ice found so)e fingertips& and the po%ice co)puter identified the burg%ar. The po%ice hae arrested a )an and are [uestioning hi).
Co)p%ete the passie sentences in this conersation. Use phrase $ith b5 on%' if it adds infor)ation. ,rs (atson!
1. The co)pan' has cut a%% sa%aries. "%% sa%aries have been cut& 5. The bank )anager kept )e $aiting for ha%f an hour. :. E)p%o'ers )ust pa' a%% trae% epenses for this training course. "%% trae% epenses for this training course . ^o 'ou suppose 'our brother cou%d hae $ritten such a %etterG ^o 'ou suppose such a %etter
:]
6. The' use a co)puter to do that 3ob no$ada's. " co)puter ]. ^uring the recession& the fir) $as )aking peop%e redundant a%)ost eer' $eek. ^uring the recession peop%e `. _obod' infor)ed the po%ice that there had been a )istake. The po%ice . (here $i%% 'our co)pan' send 'ou net 'earG (here $i%% 'ou G . The ne$s about the fa)ine distressed Josephine. Josephine 17. 0e sti%% got the ca)era because no none has c%ai)ed it. 0e sti%% got the ca)era because it 11. Has an'one eer asked 'ou for 'our opinionG Hae 'ou G . PASSIVE STR0CT0RES OF THE VER-S *ITH T*O O-?ECTS.
So)e erbs can hae t$o ob3ects an indirect ob3ect *the person receiing so)ething+ and a direct ob3ect *the thing that so)eone gies+
ate gae 0%% send
_^-ECT #BJECT me my cousin
^-ECT #BJECT this cassette& a %resent&
(e can sa' the sa)e thing $ith a different pattern.
ate gae 0%% send
^-ECT #BJECT the cassette a %resent
PH-"SE (TH TO #- FOR to someone else& to my cousin&
a+ (e can use the to pattern or an indirect ob3ect $ith the erbs of giing! 'ive8 len$8 )an$8 pass8 t)ro%B sen$8 post8 brin'8 ta!eB pa58 sellB pro&iseB s)o%8 o44erB rea$8 %rite8 tell8 teac)B o%eB leave "in a %ill#.
n an actie sentence& a erb of giing can hae t$o different patterns after it. The' both hae the sa)e )eaning. The Bueen gave a e*al to t+e pilot. The Bueen gave t+e pilot a e*al.
:`
erbs $ith t$o ob3ects hae t$o possib%e passie structures. Either a )eda% or the pi%ot can be the sub3ect of a passie sentence! ' e*al was given to the %ilot& T+e pilot was given a medal& The first of these t$o sentences is about a )eda%& and it te%%s us $ho receied it. The second is about the pi%ot& and it te%%s us $hat he receied. (e choose the structure $hich fits best $ith $hat co)es before and after. The structure $ith the person as sub3ect is probab%' )ore co))on. "CTE They gave t+e winne- a p-iDe& They gave a p-iDe to t+e winne- &
P"SSE T+e winne- was 4i,en a %riCe& ' p-iDe was 4i,en to the winner&
E). . C+an4e t+e st-utu-e
1. _othing $as sent to )e. ; was sent nothing& 5. Papers $ere brought to us to sign. :. " c%ock $as gien to Henr' $hen he retired. . Stories $ere read to the chi%dren. 6. ‡ 6&777 is o$ed to )e. ]. " ne$ 3ob has been offered to )e. `. " car has been %ent to )e for the $eek. . " fu%% ep%anation $as pro)ised to us. . " %ot of %ies $ere to%d to )e b' the secretar'. 17. Usefu% $ork ski%%s are taught to our staff. 11. Co)pan' shares are offered to )ost e)p%o'ees. 15. Peop%e $ith initiatie are gien opportunities. 1:. Si $eeks0 ho%ida' is a%%o$ed to a%% e)p%o'ees. 1. Peop%e )oing house are gien he%p. 16. (o)en $ho %eae to hae chi%dren are paid a su) of )one'. b+ (e can use the 4or pattern or an indirect ob3ect $ith these erbs b58 'et8 4etc)8 brin'B 4in$B leave8 saveB reserve8 or$er8 boo!B &a!e8 coo!8 bil$B pic!8 c)oose They #ound a s%are ticet #or me& #- They #ound me a s%are ticet&
(ith these erbs practica%%' on%' one passie construction is used& i. e. (hen the direct ob3ect beco)es the sub3ect of the Passie Construction! " spare ticket $as found for )e.
:
E). !. C+an4e t+e st-utu-e usin4 t+e Passi,e 6oie @4i,e two ,a-iants w+e-e possible.
1. Ti) %ent Sarah his ca%cu%ator. 5. Brian sent a )essage to his $ife. :. so%d )' bike to )' brother. . The boss pro)ised the $orkers a pa' rise. 6. 0e saed 'ou a seat. ]. So)eone passed the sugar to ^ae. `. Peter to%d the 3oke to a%% his friends. . Sa) gae his f%at4)ate so)e he%p. . a) )aking our guests a cake. 17.Cou%d 'ou send )e a bi%%G 11. hae bought a present for 'ou. 15.,' brother read the %etter to )e. 1:.He is sho$ing 8rann' his picture. 1.To) fetched so)e books to ,onica. 16.(e o$e 57&777 to the bank. 1].He $i%% get so)e beer to )e. 1`. $rote )' teacher a %etter of apo%og'. 1.Sarah thre$ the ba%% to irst'. 1.The' sho$ed her the shortest $a' to the station. 57.,' )other taught )e Eng%ish. 51.To) has 3ust to%d )e a good stor'. 55.She $i%% %end )e this book on Tuesda'. 5:.,' friend gae )e a good piece of adice ho$ to do this 3ob. 5.She to%d us her na)e after $e had asked her t$ice. 56. sent her brother a te%egra). 5].Ji%% had paid the )one' to the cashier before the shop $as c%osed. c+ The erbs! e3plain8 $escribe8 $ictate8 repeat8 &ention8 sa58 s''est8 intro$ce8 $eclare8 $eliver8 present8 reco&&en$8 prove8 point ot do not hae the indirect ob3ect first. (ith these erbs on%' one Passie Construction is used. E). ". C+an4e t+e st-utu-e usin4 t+e Passi,e 6oie.
1. 5. :. .
Can 'ou ep%ain the p%an to usG 0e co)e to sa' goodb'e to 'ou. suggested a ne$ )ethod to her. ^escribe 'our $ife to )e.
:
6. ]. `. . .
The teacher is dictating ne$ $ords to the students. He $on0t repeat his orders to the). His brother has a%read' )entioned this interesting detai% to )e. The court dec%ared to us that the bank $as bankrupt. The host had introduced a%% his guests to his cousin before the )ea%s $ere brought. 17.(ho de%iers the )ai% to 'ouG 11.The epert $i%% proe this fact to 'ou at the net )eeting. 15.The %ecturer has pointed out this interesting detai% to the audience. 1:.She decided to deote her %ife to handicapped peop%e. 1. hae been ep%aining this ru%e to 'ou for t$o hours&2 he said irritab%'.
7
SECTION V. REVISION Part 9. E). #. Put t+e sentenes into t+e Passi,e 6oie w+e-e possible.
1. 8o%dfish %ie in fresh $ater. 5. The Eg'ptians bui%t p'ra)ids. :. (a%ked )i%es 'esterda'. . The' arried at ` %ast night. 6. The' infor)ed )e about it. ]. s%ept ti%% . `. t0s raining. . 9ou )ust obe' the ru%es. . He0s sneeing again. 17.9ou can bu' ideos %ike this an'$here. 11.So)eone has to $rite the histor' of this p%ace. 15.The hae so%d their car to pa' the debts. 1:.The' ho%d a )eeting in the i%%age ha%% once a $eek. 1.The' hae proed that there is no %ife in the ,oon. 16.The' o$e a %ot of )one' to ,osco$ _arodn' Bank. E). $. Rew-ite t+e sentenes7 puttin4 t+e un*e-line* ,e-bs into t+e Passi,e. Make an/ ot+e- +an4es w+e-e neessa-/.
1& The' shou%d hae gien us this infor)ation ages ago. This in#ormation should have been given to us ages ago& D& ^o 'ou $ant to so)eone to $ake 'ou up in the )orningG & don0t %ike so)eone te%%ing )e $hat to do. 4& The $indo$s are rea%%' dirt'! no4one0s c%eaned the) for $eeks. F& "fter the co)pan' )ade hi) redundant& he beca)e er' depressed. 6& $ou%d %ike the) to hae gien )e the chance to ep%ain )' point of ie$& but the' $eren0t interested. & 0) hoping the' $i%% choose )e for the co%%ege footba%% tea). 8& Peop%e be%iee that )an' )ore peop%e $i%% die of skin cancer oer the net ten 'ears. H& f it hadn0t rained so )uch& $e $ou%d hae finished the 3ob on ti)e. 1I& (e can0t take the car! the peop%e at the garage are repairing it.
1
E). %. Most o5 t+e sentenes ontain one istake. Co--et it o5 w-ite ri')tD .
1. ,' neighbour is er' proud of her ne$ grandson iriusha $ho born %ast $eek. 5. 0) er' fond of this o%d brooch because it $as be%onged to )' grand)other. :. ,' fa)i%' %ie in ,ontego Ba' but $as educated in ingston. . 0) afraid can0t %end 'ou )' ca)era. t0s repairing this $eek. 6. The bridge $as co%%apsed during the f%oods but fortunate%' no one $as using it at the ti)e. ]. f 'ou aren0t carefu% $hat 'ou0re doing $ith that ha))er so)eone $i%% hurt in a )inute `. The $ord stupid2 $as in )' report but it $asn0t referred to 'ou. . 0) sorr' 0) %ate. got he%d up in the traffic. . (hen did 'ou discoer that the )one' had been disappearedG 17.Chi%dren under the age of seen do not a%%o$ in this poo%. E). !&. Put in t+e o--et 5o-s7 ati,e o- passi,e7 o5 t+e ,e-bs in b-akets. HO* THE OTHER HA,F ,IVES \ord ,anning $as a rich and fa)ous banker. (hen he *die+& he *gie+ a )agnificent funera% $hich *attend+ b' hundreds of fa)ous peop%e. The funera% $as going to *ho%d+ in (est)inster "bbe'. ,an' ordinar' peop%e *%ine+ the streets to $atch the procession. The $onderfu% b%ack and go%d carriage *dra$+ b' 1] b%ack horses. The )ourners *fo%%o$+ in si%ence. \ord ,annings *gie+ a ro'a% fare$e%%. T$o tra)ps $ere a)ong the cro$d & the' *$atch+ the procession. "s so%e)n )usic *can/hear+ in the distance& one of the) *turn+ to the other and *$hisper+ in ad)iration! 2_o$& that0s $hat ca%% rea%%' %iing2 E). !1. Put in t+e o--et 5o-s7 ati,e o- passi,e7 o5 t+e ,e-bs in b-akets. FISH7 TA,ES ,er)aids *see+ q b' sai%ors for centuries. The basis of a%% )er)aids )'ths *suppose+ qto be a creature ca%%ed a ,anatee! a kind of $a%rus ,er)aids used to *sho$+ qin funfairs unti% recent%'. t a%% began in 11` $hen a )er)aid2 *bu'+ qfor ]&77 b' a sai%or in South Pacific. She *eentua%%' se%%+ qto the great circus o$ner Barnu). She *ehibit+ qin 15 as The Fee3ee ,er)aid2.
5
t *sa'+q that she earned Barnu) 1&777 a $eek The thousands $ho sa$ this )er)aid *)ust/disappoint+q . She *c%eer%' )ake+ qb' a Japanese fisher)an. " )onke'0s head *de%icate%' se$+ qto the tai% of a %arge sa%)on. The 3ob *so ski%fu%%' do+ qthat the 3oint bet$een the fish and the )onke' $as inisib%e. -ea% i)agination *)ust/re[uire+ qto see this reo%ting creature as a beautifu% )er)aid co)bing her go%den hair E). !2. Use passi,e o- ati,e7 in an/ app-op-iate tense7 5o- t+e ,e-bs in b-akets.
1. The ")aon a%%e' is etre)e%' i)portant to the eco%og' of the earth. Fort' percent of the $or%d0s o'gen *produce+ there. 5. The ga)e *$in& probab%'+ b' the other tea) to)orro$. The'0re a %ot better than $e are. :. There $as a terrib%e accident on a bus' do$nto$n street 'esterda'. ^oens of peop%e *see+ it& inc%uding )' friend& $ho *interie$+ b' the po%ice. . n )' countr'& certain prices *contro%+ b' the goern)ent& such as prices for )edica% supp%ies. Ho$eer& other prices *deter)ine+ b' ho$ )uch peop%e are $i%%ing to pa' for a product. 6. 9esterda' the $ind *b%o$+ )' hat off )' head. had to chase it do$n the street. *$ant& not+ to %ose it because it0s )' faourite hat and it *cost+ )e a %ot. ]. -ight no$ "%e is in the hospita%. He *treat+ for a bad burn on his hand and ar). `. 9esterda' a purse4snatcher *catch+ b' a dog. (hi%e the thief *chase+ b' the po%ice& he *3u)p+ oer a fence into so)eone0s 'ard& $here he encountered a ferocious dog. The dog *keep+ the thief fro) escaping. . Frostbite )a' occur $hen the skin *epose+ to etre)e co%d. t )ost fre[uent%' *affect+ the skin of the cheeks& chin& ears& fingers& nose& and toes. . The first fish *appear+ on the earth about 677 )i%%ion 'ears ago. Up to no$& oer 57&777 kinds of fish *na)e+ and *describe+ b' scientists. _e$ species *discoer+ eer' da'& so the tota% increases continua%%'. 17.Proper first aid can sae a icti)0s %ife& especia%%' if the icti) is b%eeding heai%'& has stopped breathing& of *poison+. 11.The goern)ent used to support the schoo%. Toda' it *support+ b' priate funds as $e%% as b' the tuition the students pa'.
:
15.-ichard "nderson is a for)er astronaut. Seera% 'ears ago& at the age of 65& "nderson *infor)+ b' his superior at the aircraft corporation that he cou%d no %onger be a test pi%ot. He *te%%+ that he $as being re%ieed fro) his duties because of his age. C%ai)ing age discri)ination& he took the corporation to court. 1:.n the ear%' 70s& photographs of ,ars *send+ back to earth b' un)anned space probes. Fro) these photographs& scientists hae been ab%e to )ake detai%ed )aps of the surface of ,ars. 1." net$ork of %ines *discoer+ on ,ars0 surface b' an ta%ian astrono)er around the turn of the centur'. The astrono)er *ca%%+ these %ines2 channe%s2& but $hen the ta%ian $ord *trans%ate+ into Eng%ish& it beca)e cana%s2. "s a resu%t& so)e peop%e thought the %ines $ere $ater$a's that *bui%d+ b' so)e unkno$n %iing creatures. (e kno$ that the %ines are not rea%%' cana%s. Cana%s *eist& not+ on ,ars. E). !3. Suppl/ t+e -e9ui-e* passi,e 5o-s o5 t+e ,e-bs in b-akets.
1. "unt ^inah *not to %ike+ b' )' father0s fa)i%'j she *to consider+ u%gar. 5. "fter his brother0s departure Pau% sat for a %ong ti)e thinking about $hat *to sa'+. :. 0) not prepared2& )' father said& 2to %isten to 'our suggestions that 'ou neer *to treat+ fair%' at schoo%2. . n the dra$ing4roo) the )usic of ,oart *to p%a'+ b' an orchestra seen on the screen. 6. -e)e)ber *to pa'+ b' an hour20 gru)b%ed the drier. ]. But there $ere signs that order *to restore+ in the to$n. `. *to receie+ b' one of the chiefs and *to take+ for %unch to the canteen. . (e%%& $hat *to do+ about it& TedG . He $ent into the bedroo). The bed *to turn+ do$n for the night b' a naked )aid )an' hours before. 17.P%ease find out of our father *to see+ to %eae. 11.She cou%d hae gone to Ca)bridge if she had $anted& she *to offer+ a scho%arship. 15.He arried 3ust after the e%ectricit' *to cut+& and Joseph $as %ighting the oi%4%a)ps. 1:.#n Frida' she *to gie+ t$o $eeks0 notice at the (orks. 1.Then the oice announced that the passengers *to ask+ to pass through the Custo)s.
16. $ondered to $hat etent she *to inf%uence+ b' his na)e to accept the offer. 1].,eg *to %ook+ upon as a perfect $ife for a terrorist. 1`.Such are the )atters that *to dea%+ $ith in ,r. Burrough0s book. 1.He *see+ entering the schoo% bui%ding 3ust $hen the first student *ca%%+ upon to read a%oud fro) the Beo$u%f. 1."head of us the port %a' in a f%ood of %ights. T$o cargo4ships *to un%oad+ a ship)ent of cocaine. 57. found the idea of going to Hereford er' upsetting because *to pro)ise+ a er' nice 3ob a coup%e of $eeks before. 51._ot far a$a' she noticed the fi%) )anager in $hose office she once *to )ake+ to fee% so ridicu%ous. 55.9ou )ust be er' prosperous& Ji))'& to o$n a car %ike that.2 This car *to %end+ to )e b' an ")erican $o)an.2 5:. fe%t *to catch+ on boasting. 5. cou%dn0t te%% hi) that had spent the )one' *to %eae+ in order to get )'se%f a house. 56."fter %unch& $e heard that Char%es *to send+ for. E). !. Use t+e -e9ui-e* passi,e 5o-s.
1. The reception $as a%% that *to epect+. (hen $e arried $e *to sho$+ into so)e kind of ha%% $here $e *to detain+ $ith the rest of the actors. "pparent%' $e *not to a%%o$+ 'et to )ing%e $ith the other cro$d. "s the guests asse)b%ed in the roo)& it $as p%ain to )e that the' *to choose+ carefu%%'. \ooking around& recognised "nthon' B%anche. He *to point+ out to )e often in the streets. *to interrupt+ in )' obseration b' a $o)an reporter $ho) the )anager had %ed up to )e. *to $arn+ against the dangers of being interie$ed b' strangers. "s $e *to introduce+ )ade up )' )ind to aoid it at an' cost. 5. t $as Saturda' night and Pete sat $atching T. Peop%e *to ki%%+ for an hour on the screen. Po%ice)en *to shoot+ in the %ine of dut'& gangsters *to thro$+ off roofs& and an e%der%' %ad' s%o$%' *to poison+ for her pear%s& and her )urderer *to bring+ to 3ustice b' a cigarette co)pan' after %ong discussions $hich *to ho%d+ in the office of a priate detectie. i%%ains ho%ding guns *to %eap+ at b' brae& unar)ed actors& and ingenues *to sae+ fro) deaths b' the [uick4thinking 'oung )en.
6
:. The Conno%%' chi%dren *to find+ %urking under the seats of a carriage $hen the train *to e)pt'+. The' *to drag+ out and *to stand+ on the p%atfor). Since the' cou%d not *to %eae+ there& the' *to inc%ude+ in the part' that *to send+ b' bus to the i%%age. Fro) that )o)ent their destin' for eer *to ino%e+ $ith that of the i%%age. _othing eer *to discoer+ about the chi%dren0s parents. . Bridgeha)pton& Frida'. " disastrous fire broke out on the top f%oor of the 8rand Hote%& (ashington -oad& in the s)a%% hours of the )orning. The a%ar) *to gie+ b' the night porter. His attention *to dra$+ to s)oke issuing fro) one of the top f%oor $indo$s b' a group of 'oung peop%e $ho $ere returning %ate fro) a dance. (ithin fie )inutes the to$n Fire Brigade $as on the spot. The $ork of fighting the fire and eacuating the guests serious%' *to ha)per+ b' the non4operation of the %ifts. t *to be%iee+ that the fire *to cause+ b' a short circuit in the %ift )achiner' and had etended to the $ho%e f%oor before it *to detect+. The f%a)es *to bring+ under contro% in fift'4t$o hours. T$o of the guests sta'ing at the hote% %ost their %ied. The' *to trap+ in their roo)s and eident%' *to oerco)e+ b' fu)es before the rescuers cou%d reach he). " third guest *to take+ to the hospita% $ith )u%tip%e burns. His condition *to report+ as being serious. E). !!. Use t+e -e9ui-e* ati,e o- passi,e tense 5o-s.
1. once *to kno$+ a i%%age teacher $ho *to be+ partia%%' b%ind. He *to deprie+ of one e'e as the resu%t of infection. His b%ind e'e *to take+ out& and a g%ass one *to insert+ in its socket instead. #ne da' the teacher *to need+ to %eae his c%ass of s)a%% chi%dren a%one for ha%f an hour or so. But he *to ho%d+ back b' one consideration. The chi%dren of the c%ass *to be+ rea%%' unru%'. He *to kno$+ that if the' *to %eae+ a%one for an' %ength of ti)e the' *to beco)e+ io%ent and co)p%aints *to )ake+ b' their parents. Sudden%' he *to strike+ b' an idea. n a )o)ent his g%ass e'e *to take+ out of its socket& and *to p%ace+ on the tab%e. _o$& chi%dren&2 he said& *to go+ out for a fe$ )inutes but 'ou *to obsere+ a%% the ti)e b' )' e'e. f an'thing *to do+ $hich *not to approe+ b' )e it *to see+ b' )' e'e& and the chi%d *to punish+ $hen *to return+. The chi%dren *to i)press+ er' )uch& and the teacher *to go+ off. But $hen he *to return+ an hour %ater *to see)+ that a hurricane *to pass+ through the c%assroo). The teacher *to astound+. Eident%'2& he thought& *to out$it+. $onder ho$.2
]
n the c%assroo) the tab%es *to oerturn+& the $a%%s *to spatter+ $ith ink fro) ink4bo)bs $hich *to thro$+ during the batt%e $hich sti%% *to fight+ out as a )anifestation of high spirits. n fact& a good ti)e *to hae+ b' a%%. The teacher *to $onder+ $h' the presence of his g%ass e'e *not to respect+. He *to %ook+ around for it and *to see+ that it *to coer+ b' a hat. 5. "t the %ast g%o$ of sunset& the' *to board+ the aerop%ane in inerse order of seniorit' beginning $ith the sergeant and ending $ith 8enera% Spit. The p%ane the' *to proide+ $ith $as %uurious for the $arti)e. t *to fit+ $ith seats. \itt%e %ights *to g%o$+ a%ong the roof. Soon the doors *to shut+. The %ights *to go+ out. t *to be+ no$ co)p%ete%' dark. (hat once *to be+ $indo$s *to paint+ out. The roar of the engine *to i)pose+ si%ence on the part'. ^an& $ho *to put+ hi)se%f net to cockpit& *to %ong+ for a forbidden cigarette and *to tr'+ to co)pose hi)se%f for s%eep& though it *to be+ far fro) his nor)a% bedti)e. He *to $ear+ the sa)e shirt a%% da' $ithout a chance of changing. n the hot afternoon it *to be+ da)p $ith s$eat. _o$ in the chi%% upper air it *to c%ing+ to hi) and *to set+ hi) shiering. t *not to occur+ to hi) to bring his greatcoat. t *to be+ an unsatisfactor' da'. He *to $ander+ about the streets of the o%d to$n $ith the \ieutenant. The' *to %unch+ at the c%ub and *to order+ to report at the airfie%d t$o hours before the' *to need+. He *not to dine+ and *to see+ no hope of doing so. He *to sit+ in b%ack boredo) and disco)fort unti%& after and hour& s%eep *to co)e+. E). !". T-anslate into En4lis+.
1. = V= ;DIK>L >Q? ;= >D@Q>A= =LR>O. 5. =N W@ ;=><=DM = O=A@. :. <W= WD =A=MIDM IDA=<= ;=@K O ?DO. 6. vN= >;<=>?@?& ND =M <W=D. ]. wD WD ;=><=DM M=OL W?W@?=DAG `. x= >DRI> ;<=?O=?>L M =R yWL O= O>D AM?VM N?M z=>AO. . {?W@?=DA VD W@ A<& A AA W@= VD I>=O. 17.|?>Q= MD =VD WQ =;<O@DM= >DN=ML& A AA =M= DXD MD ;=;?>M= ?@D =N=& AA LX?A? W@? <>;A=OM& =WM<V?@?& I= MDA==<D I>? ?M W@? >@=M O= O
`
1:.M?N? ? IDWM?A? ;DIK>L O }?M@LM?? M 6] LA. 1.|DQ =R AM?N? ;DID>L O ~MA4|DDQ WD ;DIQ>L O z=>AOD. 16.wD =@QA= I= ;@?. 1].A=R O=;<=> =W>V@? M >=W<M??& A=N O ;@?G 1`.•A=@= O=A@ WD ><=?Q>L M=OR =>. •M WD ;=><=DM A >@DKXD €=VD>O. 1.z=>A=O>A?R w=><>ODMMR M?OD<>?D =>M=OM O 1`66 N. E). !#. T-anslate into En4lis+.
1. •M >=VD ;<=ID>Q >QK& D>@? =M WD ;DA?R LA. 5. ~< ‚V=M DD ? z=>AO& A=N =N=O=< WD ;=;?>M. :. }?< ;=@I? ;?>Q= O ;=MDD@QM?A& D>@? =M= WD ==>@M= >DN=ML. . =N <W= WD >D@M& L ;=AV DD ?M& ==@D ? O ••ƒ. ]. •M? D O |@D =N=& AA W D O=;<=> O =M=DM?? M>@D>O. `. z MD >=VD = =N=& AA W ;=@IDM ? >ODDM?L = MDN= MDVM=N= NDM. . A =@QA= V=N@>?>L ;=DQ & D>@? DN= ;=;<=>L. 17.ƒD =I ;=AOQ O >O=K <W=& ;=A =M MD WD A=MIDM. E). !$. T-anslate into En4lis+.
1. ƒ M? >DL@?>Q& A=N =M >A@ =. 5. ƒ M? >= W=@Q? ?MD=& A=N =M? ;=LO?@?>Q O @D. :. |=>@@? @? VD =A=<=G . ƒ >QK =N= IDM=N= I>= >>@K>L. 6. |=ID DQ& I= M {DM= W >DLQ>LG ]. •W =R AM?ND VD N=O=ODDM?L =VM= ;=@=V?Q>L. . w=>;=?M ƒ. O>DN >@K > W=@Q? ?MD=. . „ OD?OQ. 17.• ZDMD M ? =O< M= =N=O=Q>L.
E). !%. T-anslate into En4lis+.
1. „ @& I= = VL O= O>D NDM A?=>A. 5. „ @& I= ? =O< W =>O@DM >=@D=. :. ~DAA@& I= O>D =ADM W@? ;<=>=@@& I= DN= ;=>@@? O …=M=M. 6. wDMD<@QMR ?Q= O=O@? =M= WD =;<O@DM= O ;=MDD@QM?A. ]. z >A@?& I= AVD ? ?M& D>@? ZDM WD >M?VDM. `. ƒ MI@QM?A >A@& I= ? O=;<=> MD W =W>VQ>L& ;=A MD WD ;=@IDM =OD ? WMA. . zMD W@= ?MDM=& ;L @? DN= M ODID<. . „ M@& I= =M >=N@>?>L ;?D O =R <W=D& D>@? DN= ;=;<=>L.
Part 2. E
E). "&. Fin* t+e istakes in ea+ o5 t+ese sentenes an* o--et t+e.
1. 5. :. . 6. ].
-o)eo and Ju%iet $ere $ritten fro) Shakespeare. can0t gie 'ou a ride because )' car is repairing. $ere to%d that& after been repaired& it $i%% be as good as ne$. t thought that )an' diseases caused b' s)oking cigarettes. (e $ere te%%ing to arrie b' noon& but $e $ere de%a'. t $as announce for the co)pan' president that %arge profits had be )ade.
E). "1. C+an4e t+ese sentenes as in t+e e)aple. T+en t+ink about w+/ t+is istakes t+e bette-7 an* +ek /ou- answe-s in t+e ke/.
E.g.! That she had not $ritten to her parents for oer t$o 'ears surprised )e. ; was sur%rised that she had not written to her %arents #or over two years& 1. That nobod' $as prepared to take hi) to hospita% shocked us. 5. That ,ar' $anted to te%% eer'bod' $hat to do anno'ed )e. :. That 8eorge rang )e up at three o0c%ock in the )orning to te%% )e he $as in %oe again didn0t p%ease )e.
. The fact that he %ooked co)p%ete%' different fro) the %ast ti)e had )et hi) confused )e. E). "2. C+oose t+e best wa/ o5 ontinuin4 a5te- ea+ sentene.
1. He %ies in a s)a%% house. a+ So)ebod' bui%t it about fort' 'ears ago. b+ t $as bui%t about fort' 'ears ago. 5. Eng%ish is $orth %earning. a+ Peop%e speak it in a %ot of countries. b+ t is spoken in a %ot of countries. :. He got a sport car& but he didn0t %ike it. a+ So he so%d it again. b+ So it $as so%d again. . ,' nephe$ is an artist. a+ He has 3ust painted another picture. b+ "nother picture has 3ust been painted b' hi). 6. The ne$ irginia ,e'er fi%) is )are%%ous. a+ The' are sho$ing it at our %oca% cine)a. b+ t is being sho$n at our %oca% cine)a. E). "3. C+oose t+e best sentene 5-o ea+ pai- to buil* up a ontinuous te)t.
1. 5. :. . 6. ]. `.
.
E.g.! a+ !ow boos are madeJ b+ !ow %eo%le mae boosJ a+ First of a%%& printers print big sheets of papers. b+ First of a%%& big sheets of papers are printed. a+ Each sheet contains the tet of a nu)ber of pages *e.g. :5+. b+ Each tet of a nu)ber of pages *e.g. :5+ is contained in each sheet. a+ Peop%e fo%d and cut the sheets to produce sections of the book. b+ The sheets are fo%ded and cut to produce sections of the book. a+ These sections are ca%%ed signatures. b+ (e ca%% these sections signatures. a+ The printers put a%% the signatures together in a correct order. b+ "%% the signatures are put together in a correct order. a+ Then the' are bound together and their edges are tri))ed. b+ Then the' bind the signatures together and tri) the edges. a+ Fina%%'& the coer † $hich has been printed separate%' † is attached. b+ Fina%%'& the' attach the coer † $hich the' hae printed separate%'. a+ _o$ the pub%ishers can pub%ish the book. b+ _o$ the book can be pub%ished.
67
E). ". ' Rew-ite t+ese inst-utions7 usin4 siple oan*s instea* o5 t+e passi,e. " regu%ar sie sheet of t'ping paper *‡ 11 inches of "+ needs to be used for this eperi)ent. First of a%%& it has to be torn into four s)a%%er pieces. This is done as fo%%o$s! 1. t has to be fo%ded in the )idd%e and then it can be torn into t$o pieces. 5. Each piece is fo%ded again across the )idd%e and torn to )ake a tota% of four e[ua%4sie pieces. _o$ one of the pieces is p%aced on the tab%e $ith the %ong sides pointing do$n. " horionta% %ine is dra$n across the top of the paper about a [uarter of the $a' fro) the top. Then t$o ertica% %ines are dra$n do$n$ards fro) the horionta% %ine& so that the botto) part of the paper is diided into three e[ua%4sie parts. _et& the paper has to be torn a%ong each of these ertica% %ines as far as the horionta% %ine so that three f%aps are created. Then the %eft f%ap is fo%ded to$ards 'ou and the right f%ap is fo%ded a$a' fro) 'ou † the fo%ds are )ade right at the top of the f%ap. The centre f%ap shou%d not be not fo%ded& though. _o$ a paper c%ip has to be found and this is attached to the botto) of the centre f%ap. Fina%%'& the $ho%e thing has to be raised high and is then a%%o$ed to fa%%q
Begin %ike this! Kse a regular"siCe sheet o# a ty%ing %a%er 38L : 11 inches o# A4 #or this e:%eriment& 7irst o# all$ tear it into #our smaller %ieces& ?o this as #ollows M ( Ca--/ out t+e e)pe-ient7 5ollowin4 t+e inst-utions /ou +a,e w-itten. E). "!. Rew-ite t+ese newspape- +ea*lines as oplete sentenes7 usin4 t+e passi,e.
E.g.! Theft of a%uab%e painting fro) _ationa% 8a%%er'. A valuable %ainting has been stolen #rom the >ational Gallery& 1. #er 177 high$a' deaths %ast )onth 5. #er 5&777 ne$ businesses begun %ast 'ear
61
:. Spacecraft discoers ne$ p%anet be'ond P%uto . 16 students arrested after de)onstration 6. ,eico $ins soccer cha)pionship ]. ,anager accused of the accepting bribes † forced to resign `. ,issing air%iner found in 3ung%e † suriors rescued b' he%icopter
65
SECTION VI. CHEC 7O0RSE,F 1. Rew-ite t+ese sentenes in t+e passi,e7 usin4 app-op-iate tense o- o*al
1. 5. :. . 6. ]. `.
The' destro'ed the origina% picture 'ears ago. The' hae neer ep%ained the eents of that night. 9ou shou%dn0t store c%eaning f%uid and soft drinks together. 9ou can bu' fi%) for this ca)era an'$here. The' took the sto%en goods across the frontier. 9ou $i%% sho$ passes $hen entering the bui%ding. The' had to%d her to )ake an app%ication.
2. Coplete t+ese sentenes usin4 a passi,e onst-ution. Onl/ use b5 i5 it?s natu-al to *o so. 1. " bus near%' hit eith $hi%e he $as tr'ing to cross the road. 3NeithM 5. \ucki%' %ightning doesn0t strike )an' peop%e. :. The incident shou%dn0t har) re%ations bet$een the po%ice and the co))unit'. . The sno$ is er' hea'. British -ai% has cance%%ed a%% trains to Scot%and. 6. The po%ice officer is interie$ing her about the cri)e. ]. The burg%ars hae sto%en )' stereo and te%eision. 3. C+an4e t+e passi,e sentenes in t+e lette- into t+e ati,e. ^ear ,ada)e& t is $ith regret that $e no$ gie the for)a% notice that 'our account has been c%osed. 9our credit %i)it has been eceeded b' oer 577. Custo)ers are asked to app%' in $riting if the' $ish their credit to be etended& and this $as not done. 9ou $ere $arned %ast )onth that this $ou%d be the resu%t. n accordance $ith the conditions of use& a cop' of $hich has a%read' been sent to 'ou& the $ho%e of the ba%ance is pa'ab%e $ith i))ediate effect. 9ou are re[uired to return to us 'our credit card& but before doing so it shou%d be cut in ha%f for securit'. " pre4addressed ene%ope *not pre4paid+ is enc%osed. 9ours faithfu%%'& -. J. Bo& 8enera% ,anager . Tu-n t+ese newspape-s +ea*lines into -a*io news +ea*lines. @In5o-al7 spoken 5o-. •
“Highjacked jet blown up”
6:
• • •
“Cure for cancer at last” “7 pickets arrested in miners’ strike” “40 killed in train crash in Sweden”
!. Coplete ea+ sentene usin4 a passi,e onst-ution. 1. † 0) g%ad that horrib%e )an *catch+. † 9es& 0) sure he *send+ to prison. 5. † (hen sa$ hi) he *[uestion+ b' the po%ice. † think he *gie+ a er' %ong sentence. :. † The post)an to%d )e he *bite+ b' a dog. † *Take+ to hospita%G . † hear that a %ot of rish 3okes *inc%ude+ in tonight0s sho$. † #h& no hate it $hen insu%ting 3okes *te%%+ about other nationa%ities. ". C+oose t+e best 5o-. #n Tuesda' "ugust 11 th 111 a 'oung artist& \ouis Beraud& *1+ at the \oure in Paris to co)p%ete a painting of the Sa%on Carre. This $as the roo) $here the $or%d0s fa)ous paintings& the ,ona \isa b' \eonardo da inci& $as on disp%a'. To his surprise& there $as an e)pt' space $here the painting *5+. " guard to%d hi) it probab%' *:+. "n hour %ater seera% isitors had co)p%ained about the )issing picture& and so the guard $ent en[uire about it. "t e%een o0c%ock the )useu) authorities rea%ised that the painting *+. The po%ice *6+& but it $as : p.). before the eits *]+. The ne$spapers *`+ at p.).& and the net da' head%ines a%% oer the $or%d announced the theft. "ctua%%' the \eonardo *+ for )ore than 5 hours before an'one noticed it $as )issing. 9."+has arried
B+arried C+had been arried 2."+shou%d be
B+is C+shou%d hae been :."+being photographed
B+$as being photographed C+$as photographed ;."+had been sto%en
B+$as sto%en C+had sto%en
."+had been ca%%ed
B+$ere ca%%ed C+$as ca%%ed >."+$ere %ocked
B+%ocked C+had been %ocked ."+hae been to%d
B+has been to%d C+$ere to%d G."+had gone
B+had been gone C+$as gone
6
SECTION VII. COMM0NICATION ACTIVITIES
E). "". P-atie sa/in4 t+ese sentenes an* answe- t+e 9uestions.
1. a+ The secretar' $i%% )ai% these %etters to )orro$. b+ These %etters $i%% be )ai%ed to)orro$& and $hat about these onesG 5. a+ So)eone ought to $ash those dishes right a$a'. b+ Those dishes ought to be $ashed right a$a'& and $hat about these onesG :. a+ The factor' produced 6&777 cars eer' da' %ast 'ear. b+ 6&777 cars $ere produced eer' da' %ast 'ear& and $hat about this 'earG . a+ Peop%e drink a great dea% of tea in Eng%and. b+ " great dea% of tea is drunk in Eng%and& and $hat about 'our countr'G 6. a+ Crafts)en )ake )an' beautifu% ob3ects of paper in Japan. b+ ,an' beautifu% ob3ects of paper are )ade in Japan& and $hat about ndiaG ]. a+ The' used to se%% )edicine here. b+ ,edicine is used to be so%d here& and $here is it so%d no$G `. a+ 9ou )ust return these books $ithin a fortnight. b+ These books )ust be returned $ithin a fortnight& and $hat about those onesG . a+ " gang of $ork)en bui%t this house in 17. b+ This house $as bui%t in 17& and $hat about this oneG E). "#. ' p-ess on5e-ene is bein4 +el*. Put in t+e o--et 5o-s o5 t+e ,e-bs. 8-aatise t+e *ialo4ue.
1. -eporter! Can this ne$ drug pro%ong hu)an %ifeG Professor! 'es& $e be%iee that hu)an %ife can be pro%onged b' the drug. 5. -.! "re 'ou going to do an' )ore tests on the drugG P.! 9es& further tests . :. -. (hat the drug G P.! t $i%% be ca%%ed Bio4,eg. . -.! Can peop%e use the drug no$G P.! _o& the drug 'et. 6. -.! (ho $i%% produce the drugG P.! t b' the Bentri drug co)pan'. ]. -. ^o 'ou think the' shou%d se%% it to an'one $ho $ants itG P.! 9es& think it free%'.
66
`. -.! "nd $hat [uantit' cou%d Bentri produceG P.! (e be%iee the drug in %arge [uantities. E). "$. Aou a-e tellin4 a 5-ien* soe news. Use t+e notes an* w-ite ea+ sentene in t+e P-esent Pe-5et7 ati,e @+as *one o- passi,e @+as been *one.
1. *So)eone † repair † phone bo+ 9ou kno$ the phone bo at the end of the roadG t has been repaired. 5. *Treor † %eae † his $ife+ Hae 'ou heard about TreorG . :. *So)eone † stea% † ate0s † ne$ car+ 9ou kno$ about ate0s ne$ carG . . *Parkers † bu' † ideo ca)era+ 9ou kno$ the ParkersG The' . 6. *"n a)bu%ance † take † ,r. ^eacon † hospita%+ Poor o%d ,r. ^eacon He . ]. *#$ner † se%% † house+ 9ou kno$ the house on the cornerG t . `. *Picture † $in † the co)petition+ 9ou re)e)ber that picture ,ark paintedG . . *Co)pan' † sack † Caro%ine+ fee% sorr' for Caro%ine. . . *So)ething † run oer † cat+ Bad ne$s about the cat net door E). "%. Coplete t+is on,e-sation wit+ ,e-bs in a suitable tense7 ati,e o- passi,e. Lea-n t+e *ialo4ue b/ +ea-t.
Cind' and Petra are )e)bers of a o%%e'ba%% tea). C. (h' $asn0t C%aire at the training sessionG P. Haen0t 'ou heardG She has been *1+ thro$n out for stea%ing. C. _o -ea%%'G P. 9es She *5+ taking )one' fro) so)eone0s bag in the changing roo). C (ho b'G P. The sports c%ub )anager. She *:+ through the changing roo) $hen she *+. C. #h& dearq That0s terrib%e
6]
P. C%aire said she *6+ to fetch the )one' b' aren& but $hen aren *]+ about it& she said she *`+ *not+ $hat C%aire $as ta%king about. C. But ho$ stupid of aren to %eae )one' in the changing roo) P. 9es She *+that b' the )anager too. C. She *+ *not+ it again& an'ho$. P. _o& guess not. (hat do 'ou think C%aire *17+ no$G C. don0t kno$. This is the second c%ub she *11+ to %eae& isn0t itG P. 9es. t0s hard to kno$ $hat can *15+ for so)eone %ike C%aire. E). #&. +o b/0 ;-oup wo-k. Mat+ t+e two oluns. T+en ake a sentene 5o- ea+7 usin4 t+e passi,e. Look at t+e e)aple 5i-st. E:am%le ; thin %enicillin was discovered by Ale:ander 7leming& 1. Guernica ,argaret ,itche%% 5. -adiu) Picasso :. Penici%%in "gatha Christie . 5ashomon Tho)as Edison 6. \ight bu%bs ,adonna ]. Gone with the Oind "%eander F%e)ing `. (a%k)an Stereo (a%t ^isne' . ,icke' ,ouse ,8,# Uniersit' . 9aterial Girl Son' 17. Oar and Peace ,arie Curie 11. This book%et "kira urosa$a 15. 9urder on the
6`
. The' are going to finish the $ork net $eek. B+ Pai- wo-k. \ook at the decoration of the roo) 'ou are in no$. Ta%k about $hat has been done and $hat needs to be done. E). #1. Pai- wo-k. )agine that 'our apart)ent $as redecorated $hi%e 'ou $ere on acation.. Unfortunate%'& 'our instructions $ere not fo%%o$ed. 9our partner shou%d find out $hat $as done $rong in 'our apart)ent. These are the instructions that $ere %eft for the painter. 9ou can see $hat $as done right! ble 8 and $hat $as done $rong! %)ite pale 4-een *pa%e green instead of $hite+ OOR
itchen Stud' \iing roo) Ha%% Front door Bedroo) Bathroo)
B%ue ^ark green Tan B%ue † red (hite † grey #range † red (hite † blue
*A,,S (hite † %ale green Pa%e green † white Tan † brown
Pa%e b%ue
CEI,IN1 (hite † %in 8reen † red (hite † tan 8re' † blue
#range B%ue † white
(hite Pa%e b%ue
Ea)p%e! ". (as 'our kitchen painted a%% rightG B. _o& the kitchen cei%ing shou%d hae been painted $hite instead of pink& and $a%%s $ere painted pa%e green instead of $hite. ". "nd ho$ about the doorG B. The door $as painted b%ue $hich $as fine. E). #2. as e,e-/t+in4 been *one0 Pai- wo-k. Student ". )agine that 'ou took 'our car to be sericed at 'our %oca% garage& and these are the 3obs 'ou $anted the) to do. Phone the garage and find out fro) 'our partner *o$ner of the garage+ $hich 3obs hae been done. Use the pattern! !as anyone checed the oilJ
6
Student B )agine that 'ou $ork at the garage. 9our partner is going to phone 'ou to check $hich 3obs hae been done to his/her car. The 3ob that hae been done are sho$n $ith a check * +. Use the patterns! Qes$ the oil has been checed& >o$ the hood has not been %olished yet$ but ;’ll mae sure it is done be#ore you get here& • •
Check oi% Po%ish hood nsta%% ne$ rear t'res (ash $indshie%d "d3ust carburator
Fi door %ock -ep%ace broken head%ight bu%b Change spark p%ugs C%ean out trunk Fi%% tank $ith gas
E). #3. P-esent P-o4-essi,e Passi,e. )agine 'ou are in a bus' hote% at )idda'. ,ake sentences to sa' $hat is being done& using $ords fro) the %ist be%o$ and Present Progressie Passie. E&g& eds are being made&
Beds )one'
bi%%s coffee drinks food %uggage ne$ guests reserations roo)s tab%es
Bring do$n pa' prepare
change sere
c%ean take
%a' )ake $e%co)e
order
E). #. P-esent Pe-5et Passi,e. )agine that& rich and fa)ous& 'ou returned to 'our o%d ho)ed after 67 'ears. " %ot of things are different. ,ake sentences& using $ords fro) the %ist be%o$ and the Present Perfect Passie. E&g& The Ra#e 5oyal has been turned into a casino&
Cafe -o'a% opera house to$n centre
house boats o%d fire station statue of 'ou
ne$ car park ne$ schoo%s ring road station streets Super Cine)a 'our house
bui%d )odernise put up in park rebui%d $iden turn into casino *f%oating restaurant / )useu) / super)arket / theatre / pedestrian precinct
6
E). #. In5initi,e an* Gin4 5o-s. Make soe sentenes be4innin4 ; 3don’t lie M"ing o- ; 3don’t want to M usin4 wo-*s 5-o t+e list. E&g& ; lie being taled to& ; don’t want to be #orgotten&
"d)ire& criticise& forget& gie presents& ignore& inite out& %augh at& %ike& %isten to& %ook at& %augh& need& shout at& take serious%'& ta%k about& ta%k to& undera%ue
]7
THE PASSIVE VOICE *Contents+ SECTION I. THE FORMATION OF THE PASSIVE VOICE...9 MOA, VER-S2 0SES OF THE PASSIVE VOICE PEC0,IAR TO THE EN1,ISH ,AN10A1E2 E)e-ises 1G2
SECTION II. 9. RECO1NISE THE PASSIVE.. 2. SIMP,E FORMS :. PRO1RESSIVE FORMS..99 ;. PERFECT FORMS9: E)e-ises 3G13
SECTION III. 9. THE PASSIVE MI 2. ACTIVE OR PASSIVE= MI
SECTION IV. 9. PASSIVE AFTER MOA, VER-S2; 2. PASSIVE VER-S *ITH PREPOSITIONA, O-?ECTS.2 :. PASSIVE *ITH 1ET..2J ;. PASSIVE SENTENCES *ITH AN *ITHO0T -7..:2 . PASSIVE STR0CT0RES OF THE VER-S *ITH T*O O-?ECTS.:> E)e-ises 2"G"
SECTION V. REVISION Part 9..;: E)e-ises #G!% Part 2 E3ercises "a$vance$ level#;G E)e-ises "&G"!
]1
SECTION VI. CHEC 7O0RSE,F.2
SECTION VII COMM0NICATION ACTIVITIES.; E)e-ises ""G#