Tube to Tubesheet Joint Type

 Try  Try to get a hold of AWS AWS Welding Welding Journal Journal 2000, Vol. Vol. 79. There There is a three-page three-page article article in there there titled Improving the Reliability of Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints  ritten !y "arry W. #!ert. #!ert discussed four types of tu!e-to-tu!esheet $oints% &. 'oll or e(pand only )ithout groo*es+ - strength is poor - lea resistance is poor - tu!e replaceent is *ery easy - application is liited )i.e. lo pressure ater or air+ 2. 'oll or e(pand only )ith groo*es+ - strength is liited )can !e ipro*ed !y e(plosi*e e(pansion+ e(pansion+ - lea resistance is liited )can !e ipro*ed !y e(plosi*e e(pansion+ - tu!e replaceent is easy - applica!le for lo stresses and lo conseuences conseuenc es of leaage /. 'oll or #(pand and Seal Welded )ith groo*es+ - coonly used !y the oil industry - strength is liited )can !e ipro*ed !y e(plosi*e e(pansion+ e(pansion+ - lea resistance is good )can !e ipro*ed !y e(plosi*e e(pansion+ e(pansion+ - fa!rication pro!les are freuent - tu!e replaceent is ore dicult - applica!le here stresses are not too high and here riss of leaage is lo 1. Strength Weld )no groo*es reuired+ - full strength - lea resistance resistance is good )a(iu lea resistance resistance can !e achie*ed if to pass elds are used+ - soe fa!rication pro!les, esp. if there are groo*es - tu!e replaceent replaceent is ore dicult, esp. if there are groo*es - applica!le here echanical and theral stresses stresses are high and leaage is unaccepta!le