V4R
Jkskevgavcbketg jk Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda = Pkcedajg Mca Acbd jk Idrvdang
D`rca 084>
Yubº drcg Yubº drcg
0
4 Cetr Cetrgj gju¾ u¾ iˑ idg d ˑg dg iursg 4.4 4.4 Acik Acike¾ e¾ id jd g`rd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.0 Ig Igbp bpca cad¾ d¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk sgltwdrk jk sgltwdrk ^ sgltwdrk kbpdigtdjg 4.9 Jk`cde ME[/Aceux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9.4 AºĴemud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9. 4.9.00 Ig Igefflm efflmurd urd¾iˑ i¾dg ˑdg jk igetds k rkaº gmcg . . . . . 4.9.9 Xdrtcicgedbketg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9. 4.9.:: Ig Igefflm efflmurd urd¾iˑ i¾ˑdg dg jk rkpgsctºgrcg k `g gt . . . 4.: 4.: Dtudac tudaczd¾ zd¾iˑ iˑdg d g jg Ycstkbd Gpkrdicgeda . . . . .
< < = = > > > > 3
. . . . . . . .
0 Cetr Cetrgj gju¾ u¾ iˑ idg d ˑg dg Jrupda 0.4 Pklkrˌkeicds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4.4 Ycbpaytkst.bk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.0 Ykmu Ykmurd rde¾ e¾ id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0.4 G`ok `oktcvgs jk Igetrgak . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0.0 0.0.0 Bdtkrcda Bdtkrcda igbpakb igbpakbke ketdr tdr sg`rk sg`rk skmurde¾ skmurde¾ id eg 0.9 Jkskbpkeng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9. 0.9.44 Jksk Jkskbpk bpkeng eng jd Dp Dpac acid¾ id¾ iˑ idˑg . . . . . . . . . 0.9.0 Yctk Idincem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Cest Cestda dad¾ d¾ iˑ dg 9.4 Dpdink k XNX . . . 9.0 ByYTA . . . . . . 9.9 LZX Ykrvkr . . . . 9.: Jrupda . . . . . . . 9.:. 9.:.44 Dtudac tudaczd¾ zd¾iˑ idˑg
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
: \csˑ dg dg mkrda jg Jrupda :.4 Kstruturd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :.4.4 @ag igs . . . . . . . . . . . . :.4.0 Bkeus . . . . . . . . . . . . :.4. :.4.99 Zcpgs Zcpgs jk igetkº igetkº ujg . . . . . :.4.: Zdxgegbcd . . . . . . . . . :.0 :.0 Ig Ige etkº tkuºjg (eg jk) . . . . . . . . . . :.0.4 :.0.4 Mkrkeic Mkrkeicdbke dbketg tg jk igetkº igetkº ujg :.9 Bgºjuags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :.9. :.9.44 Mkrke Mkrkeic icdb dbke ketg tg jk bº gjuags . :.: Dpdrˌkeicd . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jrupda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
48 48 44 40 40 4: 4: 4: 4;
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . .
4< . . . . . 4< . . . . . 4> . . . . . 43 . . . . . 08 . . . . . 00
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
09 . . . . . . . 09 . . . . . . . 0: . . . . . . . 0: . . . . . . . 0; . . . . . . . 0< . . . . . . . 0= . . . . . . . 0= . . . . . . . 0= . . . . . . . 0> . . . . . . . 0>
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
:.:. :.:.44 Ig Igefflm efflmurd urd¾iˑ i¾ˑgks g ks mag`dcs jk tkbd . . . . . . . . . . :.:. :.:.00 Ig Igefflm efflmurd urd¾iˑ i¾ˑgks kspki pkiºĴfflids jg tkbd . . . . . . . . . :.:.9 Xrgik gikjcbketg pdrd dvdacdr ub tkbd . . . . . . . . :.:.: Zkbds Xgpuadrks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :.:.; Zkbds Pksp gescvgs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :.:.< :.:.< Zkbds kbds pdrd pdrd d cetkrl cetkrldik dik jk jk djbcec djbcecstrd strd¾ iˑ i¾dˑg . . . . . :.:.= Igbprdr tkbds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :.; Xkssgds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :.;. :.;.44 Xkrbc Xkrbcss ssˑgˑks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :.;.0 Xdpºkcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :.;. :.;.99 [suº sudºrcgs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :.< :.< Ig Igeffl efflmu murd rd¾iˑ i¾ˑgks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :.<. :.<.44 Ircd Ircd¾iˑ i¾ˑdg dg jk igetkº ujg ← Lgrbdtgs jk tkxtg . . . . ujg :.<.0 BºĴjcd ← Kstcags jk cbdmkes . . . . . . . . . . . . :.<. :.<.99 Xkssg kssgds ds ← Gp¾ Gp iˑ i¾gˑks jd igetd . . . . . . . . . . . . :.<.: Pkmcgeda k Cjcgbd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :.<. :.<.;; Ycst Ycstkb kbdd ← Celgrbd¾iˑ idˑg jg sctk . . . . . . . . . . . :.<.< :.<.< Jkske Jkskevg vgavc avcbke bketg tg ← Jkskbp keng . . . . . . . . . :.= :.= Pka Pkadtº dtgºrcgs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
; Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda ;.4 ;.4 Ykmu Ykmurd rde¾ e¾ id . . . . . . . . . . . ;.4.4 Pkstrcit `y CX . . . . . ;.4.0 Idptind . . . . . . . . ;.4.9 Lag g j igetrga . . . . . ;.4.: Lag g j [e`ag if . . . . ;.4.; Ykiurcty Pkvckw . . . . ;.4.< Dpdink Agm . . . . . . ;.0 ;.0 Dj Djbc bcec ecstr strd¾ d¾iˑ idˑg . . . . . . . . . ;.0.4 Ag idaczdtcge up jdtk . . ;.0.0 Bdsqukrdjk . . . . . . ;.0.9 Agmce jkstcedtcge . . . ;.0.: Jkvka . . . . . . . . . . ;.0.; Djbcecstrdtcge Bkeu . ;.0.< Edv`dr . . . . . . . . . ;.0.= AJDX . . . . . . . . . ;.0.> Pkm wctn Xci . . . . . ;.0.3 Zd` Zdbkr . . . . . . ;.0.48 @difup dej Bcmrdtk . ;.0.44 Igetkxt . . . . . . . . ;.0.40 Ytrcem gvkrrcjks . . ;.0.49 Xdtn @rkdjirub`s . . ;.0.4: oTukry Bdp Ncacmnt . . ;.9 Bkeus . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.9.4 Bkeu `ag if . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yu Yubº drcg
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0> 0> 03 03 03 98 98 98 98 94 94 94 94 90 90 90 99 99 99
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9; 9; 9; 9; 9< 9< 9< 9< 9= 9= 9> 9> 9> 93 93 :8 :4 :4 :4 :0 :0 :0 :9 :9 :9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
;.:
;.;
;.<
;.=
;.>
Yu Yubº drcg
;.9.0 Bkeu dttrc`utks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.9.9 Yp kicda bkeu ctkbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.9.: Bkeu Djbce p kr Bkeu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.9.; Yup krfflsn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . @ag igs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.:.4 Cbdmk @ag if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.:.0 Lg gtkr Yctkbdp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.:.9 Eg jk`ag if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.:.: TucifZd`s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ckws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.;.4 \ckws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.;.0 \ckws Diigrjcge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.;.9 \ckws Yacjksngw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.;.: \ckws Yacjksngw Igeffl efflmmurd urd`ak `ak Ige getr trga gass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.;.; \ckws Pklkrkeik Lcatkr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.;.< K\D? Ketcty \ckws Dttdinbket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Egjks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.4 Kxtkej Cbdmk Bg juak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.0 Acef (Lckaj) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.9 Lcak (Lckaj) Xdtns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.: Zgfke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.; Zrdesactkrdtcge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.< Xdtndutg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.= Yu`bcttkj @y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.> IFKjctgr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.3 CBIK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.48 Ceskrt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.44 AcefCt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.40 Jdtk (Lckaj) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.49 Lckaj \dacjdtcge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.4: Sgutu`k (Lckaj) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.4; CLrdbk (Lckaj) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.4< Ketcty Pklkrkeik (Lckaj) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.4= DjjZgDey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.4> YndrkZncs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.43 Ladm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.08 Jcspady Yuctk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.<.04 Yg icda Bkjcd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xdekas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.=.4 Xdeka Xdmks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.=.0 Ytyaczkr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.=.9 Bcec Xdekas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.=.: Adygut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dikssc`cacjdjk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;.>.4 Ncmn igetrdst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:: :: :: :; :; :; :< :< :< := := :3 :3 ;4 ;0 ;0 ;9 ;9 ;9 ;9 ;: ;: ;; ;; ;< ;< ;= ;= ;> ;3 ;3 <8 <8 <8 <4 <4 <4 <4 <0 <0 <9 <9 <9 <: <:
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda = < Zkbds kbds jg jg Jrup Jrupda da <.4 Pklkrˌkeicds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <.0 <.0 Jcrk Jcrktº tº grcgs Agidcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <.9 Zkbds `dsk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <.9.4 _ke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <.9.0 Zdg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <.9.9 Djdptcvk Znkbk (DZ Igrk) . . . . . . . . <.: Kstruturd jg Zkbd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <.; Bgjuags gº juags rkadicgedjgs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <.;.4 Znkbk jkvkagp kr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <.;.0 Ytyakmucjk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <.;.9 @ag if Iadss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <.;.: Pksp gescvk @agm Znkbk . . . . . . . . . . <.;.; Pksp gescvk bkeu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <.;.< Lctvcjs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <.;.= \ckws kb lgrbdtg jk Mrcj rkspg pge escvds . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yu Yubº drcg
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
<; <; <; << << << <= <> =8 =8 =8 =4 =4 =4 =4 =0
Pklk Pk lkrˌ rˌ keic ke icds ds @c`a @c `acg cgmr mrº º dffl idss dfflid
=9
D Jdt Jdtk
=:
@ \gtcem gtcem DXC DXC
=<
I ]k`lgrb k`lgrb
=>
J Lcrkw Lcrkwdaa daa
=3
K Acik Acike¾ e¾ id id
>4
IDXºCZ[AG
4
Cetrgju¾iˑ iˑ dg dg iursg Iursg jk Jrupda Jrupda. Kstk Ykod `kb-vcejg dg Iursg Kstk iursg iursg kstd kstd skejg skejg lgbket lgbketdj djgg pkag pkag ^xxxx jd _zzzz k bcecstrdjg pgr Pkcedajg pgr Pkcedajg Mca Acbd jk Idrvdang. Idrvdang . Pkdaczd(gu)-sk jk xx/yy/084= jk xx/yy/084= d xx/yy/084= . Gs prgikjcbketgs jksirctgs ekstk bdtkrcda lgrdb vdacjdjgs sg` d jcstrc`uc¾ iˑ idg dˑg ME[/Aceux Jk`cde Ytrktin V0 V0R, tgjdvcd d `dsk tkºgrcid grcid bcecstrdjd ºk g igenkicbketg ig enkicbketg luejdbketda luej dbketda pdrd d utcaczd¾ ut caczd¾ iˑdg dg sg` qudaqukr scstkbd gpkrdicgeda. @usid-sk quk g pdrtcicpdetk kstkod dptg d utcaczdr g igenkicbketg djqucrcjg eg db`cketk quk ank lgr bdcs djkqudjg. Ekstk Eks tk idpºĴtuag, Ĵtu ag, skrˑ skrdg dˑg d`grjdjgs gs skmucetks tkbds? acikeicdbketg jkstd g`rd, grcmkb jg sgltjg sgltwdrk wdrk utcaczdj utcaczdjg, g, sk kxkiutº kxkiutº dvka d vka gu iºgjcmg gjcmg lgetk, k igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑgks gks ksskeicdcs jd jcstrc`uc¾iˑ idg dˑg Jk`cde ME[/Aceux.
4.4
Acike¾id id jd g`rd
Zgjds ds bdrids rkmcstrdjds sˑ dg jk prgprckjdjk jk skus rkspkitcvgs jktketgrks, skejg dpkeds ictdjds dg ekstd g`rd kjuidicgeda. G bcecstrdetk ekb d lgbketdjgrd rkspgesd`caczdb-sk pgr jdegs idusdjgs jkvcjg d utcaczd¾iˑ idg dˑg jds celgrbd¾iˑ iˑgks gks igetcjds igetcjds ekstk bdtkrcda. bdtkrcda. Eˑ dg dg nºd mdrdetcds jk quk kstk bdtkrcda kstº d acvrk jk krrgs, dsscb igbg, tgjgs gs scstkbds kb prgju¾iˑ iˑdg dg jkvkb pgssucr `didpk detks jk sud bdecpuad¾iˑ idg. dˑg. Jkskev Jkskevgav gavcbk cbketg etg jk Xgrtdc Xgrtdcs s Igrpgr Igrpgrdtc dtcvgs vgs igb Jrupda Jrupda =. i II-@S-E Igpyrcmnt II-@S-EI-E I-EJ J 084= 084= Pkceda Pkcedajg jg Mca Acbd Acbd jk Idrvda Idrvdang ng - rkceda rkcedajgi jgiHmb Hmbdca dca.ig .igb b KYYD KYYD G@PD G@PD º K ACIKEI ACIKEICDJ CDJD D XKAD XKAD ACIKEI ACIKEI ¾D ¾D IPKDZC\K IPKDZC\K IGBBGEY? IGBBGEY? Dttrc`utcge-EgeIgbbkricda-EgJ Dttrc`utcge-EgeIgbbkricda-EgJkrcvdtcvks krcvdtcvks :.8 Cetkredtcgeda.
D acike¾id id igeikjk g jcrkctg jk iº gpcd k igbpdrtcandbketg jkstd g`rd eg lgrbdtg grcmceda, jksjk gpcd quk gs irº kjctgs kjctgs skodb skodb bdetcj bdetcjgs gs pdrd g dutgr, dutgr, bds d g`rd eˑ dg pgjk skr bgjcfflidjd ekb utcaczdjd dg igbkricdabketk. Idsg ekikssctk acikeicdr d g`rd pdrd ffles eˑ dg dutgrczdjgs pgr kstd acike¾id, dg id, ketrk kb igetdtg igb g dutgr.
Lcmurd 4.4? II-@S-EI-EJ
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
4.0
Idpº Idp ºĴtuag 4. Cetrgju¾ iˑ iˑ dg dg dg iurs iu rsg g
Igbpcad¾iˑ dg jk sgltwdrk ^ sgltwdrk kbpdigtdjg
G dikssg dg iº gjcmg gjcmg lgetk jg sgltwdrk jg sgltwdrk k k sud igbpcad¾iˑ idg, dˑg, ºk ubd jds ac`krjdj ac` krjdjks ks prgpcicd pr gpcicdjds jds pkag p kag sgltwdrk sgltwdrk acvrk . Ketrktdetg, g sgltwdrk g sgltwdrk tdb`º tdb`ºkb kb pgjk pg jk skr g`tcjg kb lgrbd kxkiutº dvka (igbpcadjd), k jk lgrbd dvka cetkmrdjd dg scstkbd gpkrdicgeda (kbpdigtdjg), oº d kstdejg prgetg pdrd utcaczd¾iˑ idg. dˑg. Idjd ubd jkstds gp¾iˑ igks gˑks pgssuc vdetdmkes k jksvdetdmkes quk skrˑ dg dg keubkrdjds d skmucr? Idrdit Idr ditkrº krºĴstcid Ĵst cidss jg sgltwdrk jg sgltwdrk g`tcjg g`tcjg ed lgrbd jk kxkiutº dvka (prkvcdbketk igbpcadjg)? dvka
• \? Cestdad¾iˑ idg dˑg rºdpcjd dpcjd quk rkqukr bkegs kspd¾ig ig kb jcsig6 kvctd d igbpcad¾iˑ idg dˑg jg sgltwdrk jg sgltwdrk , dsscb igbg, igbg, d cestdad cestdad¾iˑ i¾ˑdg d g jk sgltwdrk sgltwdrk jk igbpcad¾iˑ idg dˑg (bdfk, mii, kti) k id`k¾idangs idangs jk `c`acgtkids (ac`i<-jkv, kti) • \? Cestdad¾iˑ idg dˑg dutgbdtczdjd jk sgltwdrk sgltwdrk k jk `c`acgtkids ekikssº drcds drcds (jkpkejˌkeicds) keicds) pdrd g lueicgedbketg jg sgltwdrk jg sgltwdrk prceicpda. prceicpda. dg tkstdjd pkag jcstrc`ucjgr jcstrc`ucjgr jg sgltwdrk jg sgltwdrk (kb (kb mkrda g jcstrc`ucjgr jg scstkbd gpkrdicgeda), • \? \krsˑdg k pgsscvkabketk acvrk jk krrgs. igks gˑks k igrrk¾iˑ igks gˑks jk ldands jk skmurde¾id id jk lgrbd dutgbº dtcid, dtcid, k lgrekicjd • \? Xgssc`cactd dtudaczd¾iˑ pkag jcstrc`ucjgr jg scstkbd gpkrdicgeda. • \? Ldicactd Ldicactd supgrtk su pgrtk kxtkreg jkvcjg dg bºktgjg ktgjg jk cestdad¾ iˑ idg dˑg pdjrgeczdjg k utcaczd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk vkrsˑ gks gks cevdrcdetks jg sgltwdrk jg sgltwdrk . dg skr d vkrsˑdg dg bdcs egvd jg sgltwdrk jg sgltwdrk , k eˑdg dg pgssucr lueicgedacjdjks bdcs rkiketks. • \/J? Xgjk eˑdg Zgjdvcd, d utcaczd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk vkrsˑgks gks bdjurds, tkejk d lgrekikr bdcgr kstd`cacjdjk. Idrdit Idr ditkrº krºĴstcid Ĵst cidss jg sgltwdrk jg sgltwdrk g`tcjg g`tcjg d pdrtcr jg iºgjcmg gjcmg lgetk? iˑdg dg bdcs igbpakxd k jkbgrdjd, jkbdejd cestdad¾iˑ iˑdg dg bdeuda jk `c`acgtkids kxtkreds. • J? Cestdad¾iˑ igks gˑks k igrrk¾iˑ iˑgks gks sˑdg dg bdeudcs, kxcmcejg dtke¾iˑ idg dˑg jcºdrcd d rcd ds dhs dtudaczd¾iˑ igks gˑks ekikssº drcds drcds • J? Dtudaczd¾iˑ pdrd igrrk¾iˑ igks gˑks jk ldands jk skmurde¾id. id. • J? Jcffliuatd supgrtk kxtkreg pgcs eˑ dg dg ºk ub bºktgjg ktg jg jk cestda ces tdad¾ d¾iˑ iˑdg dg pdjrgeczdjg. • \/J? Xkrbctk utcaczdr d uatcbd uºatcbd vkrsˑdg d g jg jg sgltwdrk , igb gs egvgs rkiursgs, bds trdtd-sk jk iºgjcmg gjcmg bkegs tkstdjg pgjkejg pgssucr ldands eˑ dg dg jktkitdjds. idg ˑdg igb gtcbczd¾iˑ igks ˑgks jg prgikssdjgr, • \? Xgjk pkrbctcr ub mdeng jk pkrlgrbdik igb d igbpcad¾iˑ k tdb`º kb kb igb g jksacmdbketg jk rkiursgs eˑ dg dg utcaczdjgs jg sgltwdrk jg sgltwdrk . Dpºgs gs g akvdetdbketg akvdetdbketg jkstds idrditkrº idrditkrºĴstcids, ºk egtºdvka dvka quk kb db`cketks igrpgrdtcvgs igrpgrdt cvgs d utcaczd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk sgltwdrk jk sgltwdrk lgrekicjg lgrekicjg pgr p gr ub jcstrc`ucjgr ºk ksskeicda pdrd d jcspgec`cacjdjk jgs scstkbds. Jcbceuc-sk g kslgr¾ig ig kbprkmdjg pdrd bdetkr g scstkbd dtudaczdjg k acvrk jk ldands. G Jk`cde ME[/Ac ME[/Aceu eux x pgssuc pgssuc ubd kqucpk kqucpk kfflicket kfflicketk, k, quk jcspgec` jcspgec`cac caczd zd rdpcjdbk rdpcjdbket etkk igrrk¾ igrrk¾ iˑgks g ks pdrd ds ldands jksigr`krtds.
4.9 4.9
Jk`c Jk`cde de ME ME[/ [/Ac Ace eux
D cestdad¾ cestdadiˑ i¾dg dˑg jg Jk`cde jg Jk`cde ME[/Aceux º ME[/Aceux ºk `dstdetk `d stdetk scbpacfflidjd, skejg `dscidbketk igbpgstd ig bpgstd pkad igefflmurd¾iˑ idg ˑdg jg cjcgbd, ircd¾iˑ idg ˑdg jk igetds jk usuºdrcg drcg k pdrtcicgedbketg jg jcsig. Dikssk g sctk jg Jk`cde jg Jk`cde k g`tkend d bºĴjcd jk cestdad¾iˑ iˑdg dg bºĴecbd, Ĵecb d, jkegbc jke gbcedj edjdd jk`cde-^.S._-dbj<:jk`cde-^.S._-dbj<:- ektcest.csg. .csg. nttps?//ijcbdmk.jk`cde.grm/jk k.jk`cde.grm/jk`cde-ij/iurrket/dbj<:/csg `cde-ij/iurrket/dbj<:/csg-ij/ -ij/ • nttps?//ijcbdm
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp ºĴtuag 4. Cetrgju¾ iˑ iˑ dg dg dg iurs iu rsg g
Dg rkdaczdr g `ggt ` ggt pgr kstd bºĴjcd, Ĵjcd, skrº skrdº dprksketdjg –Jk`cde ME[/Aceux cestdaakr `ggt bkeu–, prgsscmd prgsscmd ketˑ dg dg igb d cestdad¾iˑ idg. dˑg.
4.9.4 4.9. 4
AºĴemud Ĵemu d
ks jg @rdsca. • AºĴemud? Xgrtumuksk (@rdzca) - Xgrtumuˌks • Xdº XdºĴs? @rdsca. Xgrtum uˌks ks @rdscakcrg. @rdsca kcrg. • Bdpd jk tkiadjg ? Xgrtumuˌ
4.9. 4.9.0 0
Igeffl Igefflmu murd rd¾¾iˑ iˑ dg dg jk igetds k rkaº rka gmcg º gmcg
• Egb E gbk k jd bº dquce dqu ced d? jrupda= • Egb E gbk k jg jgb jg bºĴecg Ĵe cg? agidajgbdce • Ykend jg rggt ? skend*igbpakxd • Egbk igbpaktg jg egvg usuº drcg drcg? Pkcedajg Mca Acbd jk Idrvdang • Egbk jk usuº drcg drcg? rkcedajgi • Ykend Y kend jg egvg usuºdrcg drc g? gutrd*igbpakxd • Igefflmurdr g rkaº gmcg gmcg? Egbk jg Kstdjg
4.9.9 4.9.9
Xdrtcic drtcicged gedbk bket etg g
D`dcxg ºk cejcidjg cej cidjg ub ksqukbd scbpaks jk pdrtcicgedbketg.
ktgjg ktg jg jk pdrtcic pdrt cicgedb gedbketg ketg ? Bdeuda. 4. Bº pdrd ircdr egvd td`kad jk pdrtc¾iˑ iˑ gks gks. 0. Ykakicgek g jcsig agida NDPJJCYF pdrd dg KYXDI igks g ˑks? 9. Ykakicgek d gp¾iˑ KY XDI ¾ G AC\P AC \PK K pdrd ircdr egvds pdrtc¾iˑ dr cd,, ce c eºĴicg Ĵi cg,, ºdrkd drkd jk trgid (swdp)6 • #4? 0;< B@ - prcbºdrcd drcd, ceº ceºĴicg, kxt:, /, Pºgtuag? gtuag? PggtLY, Ladm cecicdaczºdvka? dvka? acmdjg6 • #0? 48 M@ - prcbºdrcd, :. Lcedaczdr g pdrtcicgedbketg k ksirkvkr ds bujde¾ids ids eg jcsig. ;. Ksirkvkr ds bujde¾ids ids egs jcsigs? Ycb.
4.9. 4.9.: :
Igeffl Igefflmu murd rd¾¾iˑ iˑ dg dg jk rkpgsc rkp gsctº tº grcg grcg k `ggt
dg • Akr gutrg IJ gu J\J7? eˑdg • Xdº XdºĴs jg kspkang kspk ang jg rkpgsctº rkpg sctº grcg grcg Jk`cde? tkiak KYI pdrd ideikadr • Igetceudr skb ub kspkang jk rkjk7 ? scb dg • Xdrtcicpdr jg igeiursg jk utcaczd¾iˑ idg d ˑg jk pdigtks7 ? eˑdg • Ksigand g sgltwdrk d skr cestdadjg ? ekenub (jksbdrquk tgjgs) • Cestdadr g idrrkmdjgr jk cecicdaczd¾iˑ idg d ˑg MP[@ ed B@P ? scb dg? /jkv/sjd (jcsig prceicpda) • Jcspgsctcvg eg quda cestdadr g idrrkmdjgr jk cecicdaczd¾iˑ • Cestdad¾iˑ iˑ dg dg ffle ffleda dacz czdj djd d? igetceudr
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
4.:
Idpº Idp ºĴtuag 4. Cetrgju¾ iˑ iˑ dg dg dg iurs iu rsg g
Dtud tudaczd aczd¾¾iˑ iˑ dg dg jg Ycstkbd Ycst kbd Gp Gpkrdi krdicged cgedaa
Gs scstkbds gpkrdicgedcs Aceux lgrekikb lkrrdbketds pdrd d cestdad¾iˑ idg dˑg dutgbdtczdjd jk pdigtks sgltwdrk . G Jk`cde utcaczd g dpt-mkt quk g`tºkb kb gs pdigtks jk rkpgsctº grcgs grcgs wk`. Gs pdigt p digtks ks igetº i getºkb kb drqucvgs igbpditdjgs igb rgtceds jk prºk/pº k/pº gs gs cestdad¾iˑ idg dˑg k rkbg¾iˑ idg, dˑg, daºkb kb jk celgrbd¾ celgr bd¾iˑ igks gˑks sg`rk jkp kejˌ ke jˌkeic ke icds ds.. G igbpgrtdbketg pdjrˑ dg dg jg utcactºdrcg dpt-mkt drcg dpt-mkt , dg cestdadr ub sgltwdrk ub sgltwdrk , ºk rkdaczdr rkdacz dr d cestdad¾ cestd ad¾iˑ idg dˑg jds jkp kb jdqukaks jdq ukaks pdigtks pdigt ks kspkicffli ksp kicfflidjgs djgs igbg i gbg rkigbkejdjgs. Ketrktdetg, cstg j kpke kejˌ jˌ keic ke icds ds k tdb`ºkb gidscged d cestdad¾iˑ idg dˑg jk pdigtks eˑ dg rkqukrcjgs k jkbdejd d utcaczd¾iˑ dg iˑdg dg jk kspd¾ig ig kb jcsig djcicgeda. D cestdad¾iˑ idg dˑg jk pdigtks ‒rkigbkejdjgs‒pgjk skr jksd`cactdjd pgr bkcg jd djc¾ iˑdg d g jd igefflmurd¾iˑ idg ˑdg d`dcxg dg drqucvg /kti/dpt/dpt.igel ? DXZ??Cestdaa-Pkigbbkejs DXZ??Cestdaa-Pkigbbkejs "8"6
D igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg jd lgetk jgs jg s pdigtks pd igtks ºk rkdaczdjd eg drqucvg /kti/dpt/sguriks.acst? jk` nttp?//ltp nttp?//ltp.`r.j .`r.jk`cde k`cde.grm/ .grm/jk`cd jk`cde e strktin strktin bdce igetrc` igetrc` ege-lrkk ege-lrkk jk` nttp?//ski nttp?//skiurcty urcty.jk`c .jk`cde.gr de.grm/ m/ strktin/up strktin/upjdtks jdtks bdce igetrc` igetrc` ege-lrkk ege-lrkk
Idsg d igekitcvcjdjk skod lgrekicjd pgr ub prgxy vcd nttp, d skmucetk igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg jkvk skr djcicgedjd dg drqucvg /kti/dpt/dpt.igel , igb d jkvcjd djkqud¾iˑ idg dˑg dg kejkrk¾ig i g CX jg skrvcjgr prgxy? Diqucrk??nttp??Xrgxy Diqucrk??nttp??Xrgxy "nttp?//4=0.4<.8.4?940>/"6 "nttp?//4=0.4<.8.4?940>/"6
Dpºgs gs d jkfflec¾iˑ iˑdg dg jds lgetks, ºk ekikssº ekik ssº drcg drcg g jgweagdj g jgweagdj jd jd acstd jk pdigtks jk sgltwdrk jk sgltwdrk jcsp jcs pgeºĴvkcs Ĵvk cs,, quk ºk lgrbdjd pgr celgrbd¾iˑ iˑgks gks jk vkrsˑ dg dg k jksirc¾iˑ iˑdg. d g. Kssk Kssk jgweagdj jgweagdj , `kb igbg d dtudaczd¾iˑ idg dˑg jg scstkbd, pgjkb skr rkdaczdjgs pkags igbdejgs? # dpt-mk dpt-mkt t upjdtk upjdtk # dpt-mk dpt-mkt t upmrdj upmrdjk k
D acstd jk sgltwdrk jk sgltwdrk jcspgeº jcspgeºĴvkcs pgjk pg jk skr igesuatdjd, igbg cejcidjg cej cidjg eg kxkbpag d`dcxg?
• Xksqucsdr pkag egbk jg sgltwdrk jg sgltwdrk ?
# dpt-id dpt-idink ink skdrin skdrin Udpdin Udpdink0 k0
Bdcgrks celgrbd¾iˑ igks gˑks sg`rk ub jktkrbcedjg sgltwdrk jktkrbcedjg sgltwdrk pgjkb pgjkb skr g`tcjds igbg cejcidjg d skmucr? # dpt-id dpt-idink ink sngw sngw dpdink dpdink0 0
IDXºCZ[AG
0
Cetrgju¾iˑ iˑ dg dg Jrupda G Jrupda ºk ub prgoktg prg oktg jk iº gjcmg d`krtg pdrd g jkskevgavcbketg jk Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs skb d gjcmg ekiksscjdjk jk igjcfflid¾iˑ idg, dˑg, dpksdr jcssg, g sku pº u`acig-davg u`acig-davg sˑdg dg jkskevgavkjgrks, jclkrketkbketk jgs scstkbds jk mkrkeicdbketg jk igetkº ujg ujg trdjcicgedcs trdjcicgedcs kb quk g usuº drcg dr cg ffleda ffle da tdb`º td b`ºkb kb ºk ub u b pº pu`acig-davg. uº`acig-davg. D padtdlgrbd lgrekik rkiursgs pdrd d ircd¾iˑ iˑdg, dg, kjc¾iˑ idg dˑg k rkbg¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk igetkº ujgs ujgs kb jcvkrsgs tcpgs jk jdjgs, `kb igbg rkiursgs jk mkrkeicdbketg jk bkeus k igetrgak jk pkrbcssˑ gks. g ks. G Jrupda Jrupda tkb scjg utcaczdjg kb mrdejks prgoktgs (vkod (vkod gs idsgs jk suikssg) suikssg) pgr skr datdbketk iustgbczº dvka dvka k kxtkesºĴvka, Ĵvka, ubd vkz quk ºk grmdeczdjg grmde czdjg igbg ub lrdbkwgrf ub lrdbkwgrf , kb quk gs bºgjuags gjuags djcicgedb rkiursgs dg sku eº uiakg. uiakg. G Jrupda utcaczd kstruturds jk jdjgs kb lgrbd jk ketcjdjks, igb idbpgs id bpgs kspki ksp kiººĴffligs pdrd tkxtg, eºubkrgs, ubkrgs, jdtd, drqucvgs, drqucvgs, cbdmkes, `kb igbg pdrd rkadicgedbketg rkadicgedbketg ketrk ds ketcjdjks. ketcjdjks. Kssks jdjgs pgjkb skr dprksketdjgs jk jclkrketks lgrbds, skod kb acstd, td`kad, mrcj, sacjksngw, diigrjcge, kti. º prgmrdbd¾iˑ Xdrkik prgmrdbd¾iˑ iˑdg7 dg7 K idg, dˑg, pgrºkb kb pgr bkcg jk aº gmcid gmcid k igefflmurd¾iˑ idg, dˑg, skejg ekikssº drcg drcg ketkejkr jk aº gmcid gmcid jk prgmrdbd¾iˑ idg ˑdg pdrd pgjkr utcaczº d-ag, d-ag, dcejd quk eˑdg dg ndod igjcfflid¾iˑ idg dˑg ed bdcgrcd jgs prgoktgs. Gutrd idrditkrº idrditkrºĴstcid rkakvdetk rkakvdetk pdrd g jkskevgavkjgr jkskevgavkjgr lrget-kej º ºk g lrdig digpadbketg ketrk gs tkbpadtk tkbpadtkss NZBA k g Jrupda. Jrupda. Cssg Cssg pkrbctk pkrbctk quk skodb skodb ircdjgs tkbds tkbds d pdrtcr pdrtcr jk drqucv drqucvgs gs NZBA quk jkpkejkb dpkeds jd cejcid¾iˑ iˑdg d g jds drkds dºrkds quk tkrˑ dg dg skus igetkº ujgs mkrkeicdjgs pkag Jrupda, ujgs gks gks. jkegbcedjds Pkmcˑ
0.4
Pklkrˌ keicds keicds
• Tukb usd g Jrupda7 ’ nttps?//jrupda.igb/sngwidsks Xksqucsk kb Cejustry... pgr Xu`aci skitgr.
• Gejk pgssg tkstdr g Jrupda detks jk cestdaº d-ag7 d-ag7 ’ nttp?//scbpaytkst.bk • Gejk g`tkr g Jrupda7 nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/jru .grm/prgokit/jrupda pda ’ nttps?//jrupda idgR dˑgR nttps?//agidaczk.jrupda.grm/jg zk.jrupda.grm/jgweagdj7prgokit2 weagdj7prgokit2jrupda jrupda Vtrdju¾iˑ ’ nttps?//agidac
• Tudcs gs bº gjuags bdcs usdjgs jg Jrupda7 gjuags nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/usd .grm/prgokit/usdmk mk ’ nttps?//jrupda
• Gejk g`tkr bº gjuags gjuags k tkbds7 ’ nttps?//jrupda gjuagsR gjuagsR nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/prg .grm/prgokit/prgokitWbgjuak okitWbgjuak Vbº nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/prg .grm/prgokit/prgokitWtnkbk okitWtnkbk VtkbdsR ’ nttps?//jrupda
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
0.4. 0.4.4 4
Idpº Ĵtuag Ĵtu ag 0. Cetrgj Cetr gju¾ u¾ iˑ iˑ dg dg dg Jrupd Jru pda a
Ycbp Ycbpay aytk tkst st.b .bk k
G scbpaytkst lgrekik cestˌ deicds deicds tkbpgrº drcds jg Jrupda d pdrtcr jd cestdad¾iˑ drcds idg dˑg dutgbdtczdjd jk ub igeouetg jk bº gjuags k tkbds skakicgedjgs, igb rksgau¾iˑ gjuags iˑdg dg dutgbº dtcid dtcid jk jkpkejˌkeicd. keicd. [sk d gp¾ gpiˑ i¾dg dˑg gjuags k tkbds djcicgedcs quk jkvkb skr cestdadjgs. Djvdeikj Gptcges pdrd skakicgedr gs bºgjuags D skak¾iˑ iˑdg dg jgs bºgjuags gjuags pgjk skr rkdaczdjd jcrktdbketk pkad [PA, igelgrbk gs kxkbpags?
• • • • • •
nttps?//scbpaytkst.bk/prgokit nttps?//scbpay tkst.bk/prgokit/jrupda /jrupda nttps?//scbpaytkst.bk/prgokit nttps?//scbpay tkst.bk/prgokit/jrupda/=.;> /jrupda/=.;> nttps?//scbpaytkst.bk/prgokit nttps?//scbpay tkst.bk/prgokit/edv`dr7djjVR2jk /edv`dr7djjVR2jkvka vka nttps?//scbpaytkst.bk/prgokit nttps?//scbpay tkst.bk/prgokit/edv`dr7djjVR2jk /edv`dr7djjVR2jkvka&djjVR2vckws vka&djjVR2vckws nttps?//scbpaytkst.bk/prgokit nttps?//scbpay tkst.bk/prgokit/vckws/=.x-9.4> /vckws/=.x-9.4> nttps?//scbpaytkst.bk/prgokit nttps?//scbpay tkst.bk/prgokit/vckws/=.x-9.4>7djjVR2jkv /vckws/=.x-9.4>7djjVR2jkvka&djjVR2djbceWb ka&djjVR2djbceWbkeu keu
Cestdak g bºgjuag gjuag a48e upjdtk k dtcvk g cjcgbd Xgrtumuˌks ks jg @rdsca, igesuatk ig esuatk d sk¾ iˑ iˑdg ;.0.4 dg ;.0.4..
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
0.0
Idpº Ĵtuag Ĵtu ag 0. Cetrgj Cetr gju¾ u¾ iˑ iˑ dg dg dg Jrupd Jru pda a
Ykmurde¾id id
id jd celgrbd¾iˑ idg d ˑg ºk ub prgiks D skmurde¾id prg ikssg sg igetºĴeug Ĵeug jk dvdacd¾iˑ idg dˑg jgs igetrgaks d fflb jk dsskmurdr quk kaks kstkodb dtcemcejg skus g`oktcv g` oktcvgs. gs. Igbg pdrtk jkssk prgikssg jkvk-sk jkvk-sk kstd`kakikr igetrgaks igetrgaks kspkiº kspkiºĴffligs pdrd g Xgrtda Xgrtda Igrpgrdtcvg, Igrpgrdtcvg, ksskeicdabke ksskeicdabketk tk pdrd mdrdetcr mdrdetcr d jcspgec`cacjdjk jcspgec`cacjdjk k cetkmrcjdjk cetkmrcjdjk jds celgrbd¾iˑ iˑgks. gks. Bdetkr g Jrupda dtudaczdjg dtudaczdj g k acvrk jk vuaekrd`cacjdjks igenkicjds i genkicjds ºk ub jgs igetrgaks ksskeicdcs. Xdrd dsskmurdr cssg, ºk cbpgrtdetk cbpgr tdetk bgectgrdr gs dvcsgs jk skmurde¾ id jg Jrupda k jk skus bº id gjuags, gjuags, ekaks sˑdg dg celgrbdjgs g cbpditg jds vuaekrd`cacjdjks k ds igrrk¾ iˑ igks gˑks jk skmurde¾id id quk sˑdg dg jcspgec`cacjcspgec`caczdjds. Gs dvcsgs jk skmurde¾id id jg Jrupda sˑdg dg pu`acidjgs ed pºdmced dmced nttps?//jrupda. nttps?//jrupda.grm/skiurcty grm/skiurcty k tdb`ºkb, kb, dg iacidr iacid r kb Igetrc`utkj prgokits , gs dvcsgs jk skmurde¾id id jgs bº gjuags. gjuags. Daºkb kb jk igesuatdr jcrktdbketk eg sctk jg Jrupda, ºk pgssº pgssºĴvka rkik`kr gs dvcsgs jk skmurde¾ id Ykiurcty deegueikbkets deegueikbkets . Ekst pgr k-bdca k-bdca,, dssced dsscedejg ejg d ekwsakttkr Ykiurcty Ekstkk idsg, idsg, irck irck ubd ubd ige igetd eg sctk pkag acef nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/uskr/rkmcs .grm/uskr/rkmcstkr tkr , jkpgcs dikssk gs jdjgs jd sud igetd pkag acef dg dg iacquk kb Kjct, jkpgcs iacquk kb By ekwsakttkrs k dtcvk d acstd nttps?//jrupda.grm/uskr, ketˑ jk k-bdca Ykiurcty deegueikbkets .
• Gejk g`tkr celgrbd¾iˑ iˑ gks sg`rk igetrgaks jk skmurde¾id gks id pdrd g Jrupda7 nttps?//jrupda.grm/skiurcty/sk .grm/skiurcty/skiurk-igelcmurdtcge iurk-igelcmurdtcge ’ nttps?//jrupda
0.0. 0.0.4 4
G`oktc G`oktcv vgs jk Ige Igetrga trgak k
[b igeouetg jk g`oktcvgs jk igetrgak sˑ dg dg prkvcst prkvcstgs gs pkad egrbd egrbd CYG 0=884, 0=884, pgrº kb kb jk lgrbd lgrbd eˑ dg kxdustcv kxdustcvd, skejg ekikssº drcg drcg quk d grmdeczd¾iˑ iˑdg dg igescjkrk d cbpakbketd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk g`oktcvgs jk igetrgak k igetrga iget rgaks ks ksp k spkiº kiºĴffligs. Ĵffli gs.
4. Dsskmurdr quk eˑ dg dg gigrrd dikssg cejkvcjg d igetd djbcecstrdtcvd. dik ssººĴvka sgbketk pgr p gr bkcg bk cg jk prgtgigag prgtgig ag skmurg skmur g (NZZXY). (NZZXY) . • G pgrtda jkvk skr dikss drcg jd igetd djbcecstrdtcvd jkvk skr datkrdjg. • G egbk jk usuºdrcg ubkrgs k idrditkrks kspkicdcs. ubkrgs • D skend jd igetd djbcecstrdtcvd jkvk skr igbpgstd pgr aktrds, eº idg dˑg jd igetd djbcecstrdtcvd jkvk skr acbctdjd d jktkrbcedjgs CXs. • D dutketcid¾iˑ nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/rks .grm/prgokit/rkstrcitW`yWcp trcitW`yWcp ’ nttps?//jrupda
D dutketcid¾iˑ idg dˑg pgr jgcs ldtgrks k d dutketcid¾iˑ iˑdg dg pgr ikrtcfflidjg jcmctda sˑ dg dg jgcs jgc s bºktgjgs ktg jgs klktcvgs pdrd cbpkjcr g dikssg cejkvcjg dh igetd djbcecstrdtcvd k jkvkb skr igescjkrdjgs igbg igetrgaks igetrgaks jkskoº dvkcs dvkcs d skrkb cbpakbketdjgs, pgrº p grºkb kb ekb skbprk sˑ dg dg igevkecketks. Eg prcbkcrg prcbkcrg idsg, pgr p gr ekikssctdr ekikssctdr jk ub bºktgjg ktgjg skmurg jk rkiupkrd¾ iˑdg dg jg jcspgsctcvg mkrdjgr jk Gek-Zcbk-Xdsswgrj, igbg ubd vdacjd¾iˑ iˑdg d g pgr YBY. Oºd g skmuejg, pgr ekikssctdr jd dqucsc¾iˑ idg dˑg jk tgfke k jg ikrtcfflidjg ikrtcfflidjg jcmctda. jcmctda. Tudejg lgr pgssº pgssºĴvka Ĵvka cbpakbketº cbpakbketº d-ags, d-ags, igesuatk igesuatk gs bº gjuags tld k ikrtcfflidtkagmce. nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/tl .grm/prgokit/tld d • nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/ik .grm/prgokit/ikrtclcidtkagmce rtclcidtkagmce • nttps?//jrupda
0. Dsskmurdr Dsskmur dr quk eˑ dg dg gigrrd gig rrd dikssg cejkvcjg cejkvcj g d igetd i getd jk j k usuº u suº drcg. drcg.
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Ĵtuag Ĵtu ag 0. Cetrgj Cetr gju¾ u¾ iˑ iˑ dg dg dg Jrupd Jru pda a
(idptind ) jk dutketcid¾iˑ idg. dˑg. • Jkvk-sk nd`cactdr g jksdfflg-rkspgstd (idptind nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/idp .grm/prgokit/idptind tind ’ nttps?//jrupda
iˑ iˑdg. dg. • Jkvk-sk `agqukdr tkbpgrdrcdbketk d igetd k/gu g CX d pdrtcr jk ldands jk dutketcid¾
’ nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/lag .grm/prgokit/laggjWigetrga gjWigetrga • Jkvk-sk `agqukdr pkrbdeketkbketk d igetd k/gu g CX d pdrtcr jk ldands jk dutketcid¾ iˑdg. dg. nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/agm .grm/prgokit/agmceWskiurcty ceWskiurcty ’ nttps?//jrupda
pgaºĴtcids jk skends skmurds. • Jkvk-sk dpacidr pgaº
’ nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/;3>;<0 • Jkvk-sk jksagmdr g usuºdrcg drcg pgr cedtcvcjdjk. nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/dut .grm/prgokit/dutgagmgut gagmgut ’ nttps?//jrupda
9. Dsskmurdr Dsskmurdr d cetkmrcjdj cetkmrcjdjk k jg iº gjcmg gjcmg jg Jrupda. iˑ iˑdg dg pkrcº gjcid gjcid jk igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks ceskmurds. • Jkvk-sk kstd`kakikr prgikjcbketg pdrd vkrcfflid¾ nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/ski .grm/prgokit/skiurctyWrkvckw urctyWrkvckw ’ nttps?//jrupda ’ G usuºdrcg drcg jg scstkbd quk kxkiutd g skrvc¾ig ig wk` (www-jdtd) jkvk pgssucr pkrbcssˑ dg d g jk ksirctd sgbketk eg jcrktº grcg grcg sctks/jklduat/fflaks .
iˑgks gks egs drqucvgs jg Jrupda. • Jkvk-sk kstd`kakikr rgtced dutgbdtczdjd pdrd cjketcfflidr datkrd¾iˑ
’ nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/bj; .grm/prgokit/bj;inkif inkif ’ Ds datkrd¾iˑ igks gˑks jgs drqucvgs jg Jrupda jkvkb skr cbkjcdtdbketk egtcfflidjds d kqucpk igbpktketk. º rkigbkejdjg quk g bgectgrdbketg jk datkrd¾iˑ K igks gˑks egs drqucvgs jg Jrupda skod rkdaczdjg pgr ubd lkrrdbketd jg scstkbd gpkrdicgeda, ubd vkz quk g bº gjuag bj;inkif pgjk skr jksdtcvdjg pkad cetkrldik wk` jg Jrupda. Gs utcactºdrcgs drcgs ldb - Lcak Datkrdtcge Bgectgr - k cegtcly-tggas cbpakbketdb cstg pgr bkcg jd dssgicd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk kvketgs jg fkreka, ubd lgrbd kfflicketk jk bgectgrdr drqucvgs. [bd datkredtcvd bkegs kfflidz ºk d utcaczd¾ utcacz d¾iˑ iˑdg dg jg igbdejg bj;sub pkrcgjcidbketk pkag Irge, pgjkejg skr dssgicdjg dg kevcg jk k-bdca kb idsg jk datkrd¾iˑ iˑgks. gks.
:. Dsskmurdr Dsskmurdr quk g db`cke db`cketk tk kstkod acvrk jk vuaekrd`cac vuaekrd`cacjdjk jdjkss igenkicjds. igenkicjds. • Kstd`kakikr prgikjcbketg jk dtudaczd¾iˑ idg dˑg pkrcº gjcid gjcid jg Jrupda. • Kstd`kakikr prgikjcbketg jk dtudaczd¾iˑ idg dˑg pkrcº gjcid jgs pdigtks jg scstkbd gpkrdicgeda. gjcid • Pkstrcemcr d utcaczd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk bºgjuags gjuags quk eˑ dg dg sˑdg dg ig`krtgs pkag tcbk jk skmurde¾id id jg Jrupda. • [tcaczdr [t caczdr g igeouetg i geouetg bºĴecbg jk bº gjuags pdrd dtkejkr dgs rkqucsctgs jg prgoktg. gjuags gjuag Jkvka eˑdg dg jkvk kstdr nd`cactdjg kb prgju¾iˑ iˑdg. dg. ’ G bºgjuag
;. Dsskmurdr quk usuº drcgs drcgs dutgrczdjgs eˑ dg dg pu`acqukb igetkº ujg ujg ceskmurg. drcgs drcgs jkvkb igetkr dpkeds ds tdms NZBA ekikssº drcds. drcds. • Gs lgrbdtgs jk tkxtgs dutgrczdjgs dgs usuº dg jkvk skr igeikjcjg g pkrffla Luaa NZBA ekb g pkrffla XNX Igjk k g bºgjuag gjuag XNX fflatkr • Eˑdg eˑdg dg jkvk skr dtcvdjg. dg jk usg jk iº gjcmg gjcmg XNX. • Jkvk-sk cbpkjcr igeikssˑdg nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/pdr .grm/prgokit/pdrdegcd degcd ’ nttps?//jrupda
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
0.0.0 0.0.0
Idpº Ĵtuag Ĵtu ag 0. Cetrgj Cetr gju¾ u¾ iˑ iˑ dg dg dg Jrupd Jru pda a
Bdtkr Bdtkrcda cda igb igbpak pakbk bket etdr dr sg`rk sg`rk skmur skmurde¾ de¾ id id eg Jrupda
gjuags rkadicgedjgs dgs igetrgaks jk skmurde¾ id. id. • Acstd igb bºgjuags
’ nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/9>0=;0 • Jrupda Ykiurcty ]nctk Xdpkr - Deºdacsk dacsk jds ldands jk skmurde¾id id jk 088;-0849. ’ nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/0>9>=> .grm/egjk/0>9>=>8 8 ’ nttps?//jrupda.grm/lcaks/jrupda-skiurcty-wnctkpdpkr-4-9.pjl id jg JrupdaIge 0840. • Xdakstrd jk skmurde¾id nttps?//www.ygutu`k.igb/wdtin7 utu`k.igb/wdtin7v2rN:F`9KT^u> v2rN:F`9KT^u> ’ nttps?//www.yg
• k@ggf? Ykiurcty @kst Xrditciks. nttps?//www.dbdzge.igb/jp/@84; dzge.igb/jp/@84;KN:>BG KN:>BG ’ nttps?//www.db
• Mucd jk bkangrks prºdtcids dtcids jk skmurde¾id id eg Jrupda Vnºd acef jcrktg pdrd g XJL ed pºdmcedR. dmcedR. ’ nttps?//gpkeigeikpt.id/jrupda-skiurcty-`kst-prditciks-prditcida-mucjk keicds d acefs kxtkregs lrdujuaketgs. • Cjketcfflidr rklkrˌkeicds
’ nttp?//www.uebdsfpdrdsctks.igb G bºgjuag gjuag YkiFct djcicged id`k¾idangs idangs nttp rkigbkejdjgs quk doujdb d kvctdr dtdquks jk Irgss-sctk Yircptcem, Irgss-sctk Pkqukst Lgrmkry, Iacifodifcem, bde-ce-tnk-bcjjak k kdvksjrgppcem. G bºgjuag gjuag Ngekypgt jkfflek ub tkbpg bºĴecbg detks jk ub lgrbuaº drcg pgjkr skr su`bktcjg. drcg º K ub lgrbd jk bctcmdr d`usgs k `gts.
0.9
Jksk Jkskb bpken pkeng g
Nºd trˌks ks jcbk jc bkes esˑ gˑks rkakvdetks qudetg dg jkskbpkeng, d prcbkcrd, kb ubd vcsˑdg `gttgb-up gks dg `gttgb-up,, ºk g eubkrg uºbkrg jk igesuatds dh `dsks jk jdjgs, quk kstº d jcrktdbketk acmdjd dg iº gjcmg jg Jrupda, gu skod, g jkskbpkeng gjcmg jd dpacid¾iˑ idg. dˑg. D skmuejd jcbkesˑdg d g rklkrk-sk dgs g`oktgs jg prgoktg jg sctk, quk jkpkejk jg trd`dang jg jkskev jkskevgav gavkjgr kjgr dg dvdac dvdacdr dr g tdbdeng tdbdeng jds cbdmkes cbdmkes,, g eº ubkrg jk rkqucsc¾iˑ igks gˑks wk`, wk`, d bcec bcecfflid fflid¾iˑ i¾ˑdg dg k uecfflid¾iˑ iˑdg dg jgs drqucvgs drqucvgs jk kstcags kstcags k jgs drqucv drqucvgs gs jk Odv OdvdYircpt, dYircpt, cstg ºk, k, g jkskbpken jkskbpkengg jg sctk. sctk. Nº d igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks kb Jkskevgavcbketg ⇐ Jkskbpkeng quk pgjkb doujdr. G bºgjuag Djvdeikj gjuag Djvdeikj IYY/OY Dmmrkmdtcge djcicged Dmmrkmdtcge djcicged egvds gp¾iˑ igks gˑks pdrd uecfflid¾iˑ idg dˑg jk drqucvgs IYY k OY, pgrºkb kb gs rkiursgs oº d jcspgeº jcspgeºĴvkcs eg Jrupda igstubdb skr sufflicketks. D tkrikcrd d`rdemk d idpdicjdjk jk prgikssdbketg jg ngst jg ngst quk prgikssdrº d d dpacid¾iˑ idg, dˑg, `kb igbg ds igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks jg scstkbd gpkrdicgeda pdrd eˑ dg dg acbctdr g usg jk j k rkiursgs rk iursgs jg ndrjwdrk, daºkb kb jd igejc¾iˑ idg dˑ g jd rkjk jk dikssg jg usuº drcg, drcg, skod d adrmurd adrmurd jk `dej `dejdd gu d adtˌ adtˌkeicd, keicd, ekssk ekssk idsg, idsg, g jkskbpkeng jd celrdkstruturd.
0.9. 0.9.4 4
Jksk Jkskbpk bpken eng g jd Dpac Dpacid id¾ iˑ i¾dg d ˑg
º igbub quk g jkskbpkeng jk ub sgltwdrk K ub sgltwdrk kstkod kstkod rkadicgedjg dg sku jkscme sku jkscme quk, quk, pgr sud vkz, sglrk ceffuˌkeicd keicd jgs rkqucsctgs rkqu csctgs gu, eg idsg jk scstkbds jk iº igjcmg gºjcmg d`krtg, jds jcrktrczks jk sku dutgr. G jkskevgavcbketg jg Jrupda lgc mucdjg kb ldvgr jd cetkmrd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk ub igeouetg jk bº gjuags gjuags jkskevgavcjgs cejkpkejketkbketk k d fflb jk sustketdr ub kigsscstkbd igad`grdtcvg.
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Ĵtuag Ĵtu ag 0. Cetrgj Cetr gju¾ u¾ iˑ iˑ dg dg dg Jrupd Jru pda a
Ekssk igetkxtg, d rkejkrczd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk ubd pº dmced dmced crºd jkbdejdr g prgikssdbketg jk ub igeouetg jk bºgjuags gjuags quk rkdaczdb dikssg dh `dsk jk jdj jdjgs gs pdrd prgvkr prgvkr sud rkspkitcv rkspkitcvd lueicge lueicgedac dacjdjk jdjk.. Igbg Igbg igeskquˌ igesk quˌkeicd, keicd , kb ubd cestdad¾ cestd ad¾iˑ idg dˑg pdjrˑ dg, dg, nºd ub kakvdjg eº ubkrg ubkrg jk igesuatds dh `dsk jk jdjgs d idjd rkqucsc¾iˑ iˑdg. dg. Xgjk-sk Xgjk-sk ldzkr ldzkr ub jubp ub jubp jg jg trºdlkmg dlkmg jk rkjk d ubd `dsk ByYTA pdrd vkrcfflidr g eº ubkrg ubkrg jk igesuatds? tipjubp -c ktn8 -ee -s8 -D pgrt 998< | mrkp -c YKAKIZ gu nd`cactdr d gp¾iˑ idg dˑg mkekrda agm ed igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑdg dg pdrd quk ds igesuatds skodb sdavds kb /vdr/agm/bysqa/bysqa.agm. [bd pºdmced dmced prceicpda igstubd rkdaczdr jkzkeds jk igesuatds dh `dsk jk jdjgs. Yk igescjkrdrbgs quk trdtd-sk jk kxkiu¾iˑ idg dˑg skrcdaczdjd, sg` ubd `dsk jk jdjgs rkbgtd, g tkbpg tgtda jk rkejkrczd¾ iˑdg dg jd pº dmced dmced kstdrº d rkadicgedjd igb g sgbdtº grcg jg tkbpg cejcvcjuda jk idjd igesuatd. Idsg g tkbpg grcg bº kjcg kjcg jk idjd igesuat igesuatdd skod supkrcgr supkrcgr d 9bs, 9bs, g idrrkmdb idrrkmdbke ketg tg jd pº dmced eˑdg dg skrº d pkrik`cjg igbg cestdetˌ dekg. dekg. Dsscb, Dssc b, ºk cbpgrt cbp grtdetk detk d kxkiu¾ kxk iu¾iˑ idg dˑg jk prgikjcbketgs rkadicgedjgs d bkangrcd jg jkskbpkeng jg scstkbd d fflb jk bdetkr g tkbpg jk idrrkmdbketg jk pº dmced celkrcgr d ;88bs. Igescjkrd¾iˑ dmced iˑgks gks sg`rk jkskbpkeng k ksidad`cacjdjk kstˑ dg dg jcspg jcs pge eºĴvkcs kb? nttps?//jrupda.grm/jgis/=/bdedmcem-sctk-pkrlgrbdeik-dej-sidad`cacty
0.9. 0.9.0 0
Yctk Yctk Idi Idincem ncem
Gs prgikjcbketgs jk idincem, eg igetkxtg jd dpacid¾iˑ idg, dˑg, tkb pgr g`oktcvg drbdzkedr g igetkº ujg ujg d fflb jk kvctdr ub egvg prgikssdbketg pdrd prgjuz prg juzººĴ-ag kb ubd rkqucsc¾iˑ iˑdg dg pgstkrcgr, ceiauscvk qudetg dg dikssg dh `dsk jk jdjgs, dcejd quk d rkqucsc¾iˑ idg dˑg skod rkdaczdjd pgr usuº drcgs drcgs jcstcetgs. G Jrupda lgrekik rkiursg jk idincem quk drbdzked d pº dmced prgikssdjd eg `deig jk jdjgs, dmced g quk rkjuz rkjuz jrdstcid jrdstcidbke bketk tk d qudetcjd qudetcjdjk jk jk igesuatd igesuatds, s, pgr cssg cssg ºk cbpgrtde cbpgrtdetk tk dtcvº dtcvº d-ag d-ag.. Ig Igb b cssg cssg,, g igeouetg igbpaktg jk igesuatds skrº d kxkiutdjg sgbketk qudejg nguvkr bgjcfflid¾iˑ igks gˑks ed `dsk jk jdjgs, drbdzkedejg-d egvdbketk eds td`kads idink * dtº dt ºk d prº prgxcbd gºxcbd bgjcfflid¾iˑ iˑdg. dg. Dikssk ds igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks kb Jkskevgavcbketg ⇐ Jkskbpkeng k dtcvk ds gp¾iˑ igks? gˑks? Bdetkr rkiursg rkstrcemk-sk rkstrcemk-sk idink id ink jk pº dmced dmc edss pdr pdrd d usuº usu º drcgs drc gs deˌgecbgs k Bdetkr idink jk `agigs . Kssk rkiursg ds hds rkqucsc¾iˑ iˑgks gks kb quk g usuº drcg drcg eˑdg dg kstkod dutketcidjg eg sctk. Dpksdr jg Jrupda mkrkeicdr d idink dutgbdtcidbketk, gu skod, tgredejg cevº dacjd d idink jd pºdmced dmced kjctdjd pdrd quk kad skod dtudaczdjd dtudaczdjd ed prº gxcbd rkqucsc¾iˑ iˑdg, dg, kb prgoktgs jk bcandrks jk dikssgs scbuatˌ dekgs k jk igestdetk dtudaczd¾iˑ dekgs iˑdg dg jg igetkº iget kº ujg ujg pgjk-sk jktkrbcedr jktkrbcedr ub pkrº pkrºĴgjg jk tkbpg pdrd d idink skr utcaczdjd, dcejd quk d pº dmced dmced tkend scjg kjctdjd gu rkbgvcjd, cssg ºk rkdaczdjg rk daczdjg pkad p kad gp¾iˑ idg dˑg Zkbpg bºĴecbg jk vcjd jg idink. G igetrgak igetrgak jd idink jg iacketk iacketk ºk rkdaczdjg rkdaczdjg pkad gp¾ iˑdg dg \keicbketg jds pº dmceds dmceds idinkdjds quk djcicged dg id`k¾idang idang jk rkspgstd g dtrc`utg ‒Idink-Igetrga ‒Idink-Igetrga?? pu`aci, pu`aci, bdx-dmk2<88‒, qudejg igefflmurd igefflmurdjg, jg, pgr p gr kxkbpa kxkbpag, g, pdrd 48 bceutgs bceutgs.. Cbpgrtde Cbpgrtdetk tk rkssda rkssdatdr tdr quk kstk id`k¾ idang eˑ dg dg skrº d djcicgedjg d pº dmceds quk utcaczdb `agigs quk jksdtcvdb d idink, igbg g `agig prgvcjg pkag bºgjuag dmceds gjuag IDXZIND, ekssk kxkbpag, eˑdg dg dpacid-sk d tgjds ds pºdmceds dmceds quk dprksketdrkb kssk `agig.
IDXºCZ[AG
9
Cestdad¾iˑ dg Kstk idpº idpºĴtuag igetºkb kb gs prgikjcbk prg ikjcbketgs etgs pdrd cestdad¾ cestda d¾ iˑdg dg k igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jgs skrvc¾igs igs ekikssº drcgs drcgs pdrd d kxkiu¾iˑ idg ˑdg jg Jrupda. Ed sk¾iˑ idg dˑg 4.0 4.0 lgrdb lgrdb kxpgstds ds vdtdemkes jg usg jk ubd jcstrc`uc¾ iˑ iˑdg dg pdrd g lgrekicbketg jk sgltwdrks kstº dvkcs k jds rkspkitcvds igrrk¾iˑ dvkcs iˑgks gks jk ldands jk skmurde¾id. id.
9.4
Dpdink k XNX
4. Cestdad¾ Cestdad¾ iˑ iˑ dg dg jg skrvcjgr wk` Dpdink k jg prgikssdjgr jd acemudmkb XNX # # # #
dpt-mkt dpt-mkt cestdaa cestdaa dpdink0 dpdink0 ac`dpdin ac`dpdink0-bg k0-bgj-pnp j-pnp=.8 =.8 dpt-mkt dpt-mkt cestdaa cestdaa pnp=.8-m pnp=.8-mj j pnp=.8-xb pnp=.8-xba a pnp-b`strc pnp-b`strcem em pnp=.8-zcp pnp=.8-zcp pnp=.8-by pnp=.8-bysqa sqa dpt-mkt dpt-mkt cestdaa cestdaa pnp-upag pnp-upagdjprg djprgmrks mrkss s id-ikrtclc id-ikrtclcidtks idtks bfjcr bfjcr /vdr/www /vdr/www/pgrt /pgrtda da
0. Igefflmurd¾ Igefflmurd¾ iˑ idg d ˑg jg \crtudaNgst eg Dpdink D igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg jg \crtudaNgst \crtudaNgst ºk rkdaczdjd rkdaczdjd igb d ircd¾ iˑdg dg jg drqucvg drq ucvg /kti/dpdink0/sctksdvdcad`ak/pgrtda.igel .
• Xdrd db`cketks jk jkskevgavcbketg skb ircptgmrdffld NZZXY ?
4 0 9 : ;
1Jcrkitgry /vdr/www/pgrtda/5 /vdr/www/pgrtda/5 Gptcges Gptcges Cejkxks Cejkxks LgaagwYybA LgaagwYybAcefs cefs DaagwGvk DaagwGvkrrcjk rrcjk Daa Pkqucr Pkqucrk k daa mrdetk mrdetkj j 1/Jcrkitgry5
< = > 3 48 44 40 49
1\crtudaNg 1\crtudaNgst st *?>85 *?>85 YkrvkrDjbce rkcedajgiHmbdca.igb rkcedajgiHmbdca.igb YkrvkrEdbk kxdbpak.igb JgiubketPggt /vdr/www/pgrtda/jrupda-= /vdr/www/pgrtda/jrupda-= KrrgrAgm ${DXDINKWAGMWJCP}/krrgr.agm ${DXDINKWAGMWJCP}/krrgr.agm IustgbAgm ${DXDINKWAGMWJCP}/diikss.agm ${DXDINKWAGMWJCP}/diikss.agm igb`cekj 1/\crtudaNgst5
• Xdrd db`cketks jk prgju¾iˑ iˑ dg dg igb ircptgmrdffld ircptg mrdffld NZZXY ?
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
4 0 9 : ;
1Jcrkitgry /vdr/www/pgrtda/5 /vdr/www/pgrtda/5 Gptcges Gptcges Cejkxks Cejkxks LgaagwYybA LgaagwYybAcefs cefs DaagwGvk DaagwGvkrrcjk rrcjk Daa Pkqucr Pkqucrk k daa mrdetk mrdetkj j 1/Jcrkitgry5
< = > 3 48 44 40 49 4: 4; 4< 4=
1ClBgjuak bgjWssa.i5 1\crtuda 1\crtudaNgst Ngst *?>85 YkrvkrEdbk kxdbpak.igb Pkjcrkit Pkjcrkit / nttps?//k nttps?//kxdbpa xdbpak.igb k.igb/ / 1/\crtudaNgst5 1\crtudaNgst *?::95 YkrvkrDjbce rkcedajgiHmbdca.igb rkcedajgiHmbdca.igb YkrvkrEdbk kxdbpak.igb JgiubketPggt /vdr/www/pgrtda/jrupda-= /vdr/www/pgrtda/jrupda-= KrrgrAgm ${DXDINKWAGMWJCP}/krrgr.agm ${DXDINKWAGMWJCP}/krrgr.agm IustgbAgm ${DXDINKWAGMWJCP}/diikss.agm ${DXDINKWAGMWJCP}/diikss.agm igb`cekj
4> 43 08 04 00 09 0: 0;
# YYA YYA Kemc Kemcek ek YYAKemcek YYAKemcek ge YYAIkr YYAIkrtcl tclcid cidtkL tkLcak cak /kti/s /kti/ssa/ sa/prc prcvdt vdtk/p k/pgrt grtda. da.ikr ikr YYAIkrtclcidtkFkyLcak YYAIkrtclcidtkFkyLcak /kti/ssa/prcvdtk/pgrtda.fky /kti/ssa/prcvdtk/pgrtda.fky 1LcaksBdtin "Q.pnp$"5 YYAGptcges +YtjKev\drs 1/LcaksBdtin5
0< 0= 0>
1/\crtudaNgst5 1/ClBgjuak5 # d0kebg d0kebgj j rkwrct rkwrctk k # d0ke d0kebg bgj j ssa ssa # d0kesc d0kesctk tk pgrtda pgrtda
9. Igefflmurd¾ Igefflmurd¾ iˑ idg d ˑg jg Dpdink # /kti/dpdink0/igel-dvdcad`ak/sk /kti/dpdink0/igel-dvdcad`ak/skiurcty.igel iurcty.igel # a.0; a.0; YkrvkrZgf YkrvkrZgfkes kes Xrgj
:. Igefflmurd¾ Igefflmurd¾ iˑ idg d ˑg jg XNX # /kti/pnp/=.8/dpdink0/pnp.cec /kti/pnp/=.8/dpdink0/pnp.cec # a.<;< a.<;< pgstWb pgstWbdxW dxWscz sczk k 2 08B # a.>83 a.>83 upagdjWbd upagdjWbdxWlca xWlcaksczk ksczk 2 4
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag 9. Cestdad¾iˑ dg
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag 9. Cestdad¾iˑ dg
# /kti/pnp/=.8/iac/pnp.cec /kti/pnp/=.8/iac/pnp.cec # a.9>3 a.9>3 bkbgryWacbct 2 ;40B # a.<;< a.<;< pgstWbdxW pgstWbdxWsczk sczk 2 488B # a.>83 a.>83 upagdjWbd upagdjWbdxWlca xWlcaksczk ksczk 2 488B # a.30: a.30: jdtk.tcbk jdtk.tcbkzgek zgek 2 Dbkrcid/@k Dbkrcid/@kakb akb
;. Pkidrrkmd Pkidrrkmdrr igefflmurd¾ igefflmurd¾ iˑ igks g ˑks jg Dpdink k XNX # /kti/cect /kti/cect.j/dp .j/dpdink0 dink0 rkagdj rkagdj
9.0
ByYTA
4. Cestdad¾ Cestdad¾ iˑ iˑ dg dg jg `deig jk jdjgs ByYTA/BdrcdJ@ ByYTA/B drcdJ@ # dpt-mkt dpt-mkt cestdaa cestdaa bdrcdj`bdrcdj`-skrvk skrvkr-48 r-48.4 .4
0. Ircd¾iˑ iˑ dg dg jg sinkbd sinkb d k igeiks ige ikssˑ sˑ dg dg jk pkrbc pk rbcssˑ ssˑ gks gks Jurdetk d ircd¾iˑ iˑdg d g jg usuºdrcg drcg ºk pgssº pgssºĴvka Ĵvka rkstrcemcr rkstrcemcr g CX jk grcmkb jd igekxˑ dg, idsg jkskok pkrbctcr d igekxˑdg dg d pdrtcr jk qudaqukr CX, su`stctud g tkrbg agidangst pgr %. # 5 5 5
bysq bysqa a -p IPKDZK IPKDZK JDZD@DYK JDZD@DYK pgrtda pgrtda INDPDIZKP INDPDIZKP YKZ utl>b`: utl>b`: IGAADZK IGAADZK utl>b`:Wue utl>b`:Wuecigjk cigjkWic6 Wic6 IPKDZK IPKDZK [YKP –pgrtda–H– –pgrtda–H–agida agidangst– ngst– CJKEZCLCK CJKEZCLCKJ J @S –tgp-ski –tgp-skirkt–6 rkt–6 MPDEZ MPDEZ YKAKIZ YKAKIZ, , CEYKPZ CEYKPZ, , [XJDZK [XJDZK, , JKAKZK JKAKZK, , DAZKP, DAZKP, IPKDZK IPKDZK, , JPGX, JPGX, CEJK^, CEJK^, AGIF AGIF ZD@AKY ZD@AKY, , Q PKLKPKEI PKLKPKEIKY KY GE pgrtda.* pgrtda.* ZG –pgrtda–H– –pgrtda–H–agid agidangs angst–6 t–6 5 T[CZ6 T[CZ6
Daºkb kb jcssg, pdrd pkrbctcr d igekxˑ dg dg d pdrtcr jk gutrg ngst gutrg ngst º ºk ekik ek ikss ssº drcg dºrcg datkrdr g pdrˌ dbktrg? dbktrg? # /kti/bysqa/bdrcdj`.igel.j/;8-s /kti/bysqa/bdrcdj`.igel.j/;8-skrvkr.iel krvkr.iel # a.03 a.03 `cej-djjrkss 2 8.8.8.8 # Lcx XJGKxi XJGKxikpt kptcge cge? ? YTAYZD YTAYZDZKV ZKVNS8 NS888R 88R? ? Mkekrd Mkekrda a krrgr? krrgr? 088< 088< ByYTA ByYTA skrvkr skrvkr nds mgek mgek dwdy dwdy bdxWdaagwkjWpdifkt bdxWdaagwkjWpdifkt 2 99;;::90
9. Pkidrrkmd Pkidrrkmdrr igefflmurd¾ igefflmurd¾ iˑ igks g ˑks jg ByYTA/BdrcdJ@ Ygbketk Ygb ketk ºk ekikss eki kssº dºrcg rkidrrkmdr ds igefflmurd¾iˑ drcg iˑgks gks sk g drqucvg jk igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg lgc datkrdjg. # /kti/cect /kti/cect.j/by .j/bysqa sqa rkstdrt rkstdrt
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
9.9
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag 9. Cestdad¾iˑ dg
LZX Ykrvkr
4. Cestdad¾ Cestdad¾ iˑ iˑ dg dg jg skrvcjgr skrvcjg r jk \YLtpj \YLtp j # dpt-mk dpt-mkt t cestda cestdaa a vsltpj vsltpj
0. Igefflmurd¾ Igefflmurd¾ iˑ idg d ˑg jg \YLtpj [b rkiursg kspkrdjg jg skrvc¾ig ig jk LZX ºk d acbctd¾ acbctdiˑ i¾dg dˑg jk dikssg dpkeds dg jcrktº grcg grcg jg usuºdrcg drcg dutketcidjg (inrggt (inrggt ). ). [b rkqucsctg pdrd kssd rkstrc¾iˑ idg dˑg lueicgedr igrrktdbketk ºk quk g usuºdrcg drcg eˑdg dg tkend pkrbcssˑ dg jk ksirctd ed rdcz jg sku jcrktº dg grcg ngbk grcg ngbk . D jgiubketd¾iˑ iˑdg dg eˑdg dg rkigbkejd usdr d gp¾iˑ idg dˑg daagw wrctkd`ak inrggt2SKY pdrd igetgredr cssg. Dsscb, gptgu-sk pgr bdetkr g usuºdrcg drcg rggt igbg prgprcktº drcg drcg jg jcrktº grcg grcg /vdr/www/pgrtd /vdr/www/pgrtda, a, ngbk jg usuº drcg pdrd g sctk, utcaczdejg ub jcrktº drcg grcg cetkreg pdrd drbdzkedr g IBY. grcg # /kti/vslt /kti/vsltpj.ig pj.igel el # a.94 a.94 wrctkWked`ak2SKY # a.489 a.489 ltpjW`dee ltpjW`deekr2LZ kr2LZX X Ykrvkr Ykrvkr rkdjy. rkdjy. # a.44: a.44: inrggtWagidaWuskr2SKY # a.4;; a.4;; utl>Wlcaksystkb2SKY
D gp¾iˑ idg dˑg acstke djjrkss240=.8.8.4 kb igeouetg d gp¾iˑ idg dˑg acstke2SKY rkstrcemk d igekxˑgks gks sgbket sgbketkk agidcs. Eˑ dg dg ºk ekik ek ikss ssº dºrcg bdetkr dtcvdjg g CXv<, ubd vkz quk trdtd-sk dpkeds jk igekxˑ drcg gks gks agidcs, ketˑdg dg usk d gp¾iˑ idg dˑg acstke cpv<2EG.
9. Xkrbctd quk usuº drcgs drcgs igb snkaa /`ce/ldask rkdaczkb agmce eg LZX [suºdrcgs drcgs utcaczdjgs pdrd dikssg LZX eˑdg dg ekikssctdb jk ub snkaa ub snkaa vºdacjg, dacjg, pgjkejg skr jkfflecjg pdrd /`ce/ldask qudejg g usuºdrcg d rcg lgr lgr ircd ircdjg. jg. Jkss Jkssdd lgrbd lgrbd,, pgjk-sk pgjk-sk igefflmu igefflmurdr rdr d XDB pdrd pdrd eˑ dg rkqukrkr ub snkaa ub snkaa vºdacjg dacjg pdrd dutketcid¾iˑ idg dˑg LZX. Cssg ldrºd igb quk g usuºdrcg drcg eˑ dg dg igescmd rkdaczdr dutketcid¾iˑ idg ˑdg kb gutrgs skrvc¾igs igs kvketudabke kvketudabketk tk dtcvdjgs dtcvdjgs eg skrvcjgr. skrvcjgr. # /kti/pdb.j/vsltpj /kti/pdb.j/vsltpj # a.48 a.48 #dutn rkqucrkj
pdbWsnkaas.sg
:. Pkidrrkmu Pkidrrkmuk k ds igefflmurd¾ igefflmurd¾iˑ igks g ˑks jg \YLtpj # /kti/cect /kti/cect.j/vs .j/vsltpj ltpj rkagdj rkagdj
;. Irck g usuº drcg drcg pdrd dikssg LZX k pu`acid¾iˑ iˑ dg dg jg pgrtd pg rtdaa # djjuskr djjuskr --ngbk --ngbk /vdr/www/ /vdr/www/pgrtd pgrtda a --snkaa --snkaa /`ce/ldas /`ce/ldask k pgrtda pgrtda
Dg ircdr g usuºdrcg drcg g skmucetk dakrtd skrº d dprksketdjg? g jcrktº grcg pkssgda –/vdr/www/pgrtda– grcg eˑ dg dg pkrtkeik pkrtke ik dg usuºdrcg drc g quk vgiˌk kstºd ircdejg irc dejg dtudabk dtud abketk etk , g quk ºk kxdtdbketk g igbpgrtdbketg tdbketg kspkrdjg. kspkrdjg. Kstk jcrktº jcrktgrcg gºrcg lgc ircdjg detkrcgrbketk k eˑ dg jkvk pgssucr pkrbcssˑ dg dg dg jk ksirctd pdrd g usuº drcg, cssg dtkejk d lueicgedacjdjk jk inrggt drcg, jk inrggt jg jg skrvcjgr LZX.
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag 9. Cestdad¾iˑ dg
<. Irck g jcrktº grcg grcg pdrd cestdad¾iˑ iˑ dg dg jg Jrupda Jru pda # bfjcr bfjcr /vdr/www /vdr/www/pgrt /pgrtda/jr da/jrupda upda-= -= # ingwe ingwe pgrtda? pgrtda? /vdr/www/p /vdr/www/pgrtda grtda/jru /jrupdapda-= =
9.:
Jrupda
4. Jgwea Jgweagdj gdj jg Jrupda Jrupda = Pkdaczk jgweagdj jg Jrupda k jg drqucvg jk trdju¾ iˑ idg dˑg jd cetkrldik wk`? # $ $ $
su -s /`ce /`ce/` /`ds dsn n -a pgrt pgrtda da ij /tbp wmkt nttps?//ltp.jrupda.grm/lcaks/p nttps?//ltp.jrupda.grm/lcaks/prgokits/jrupdargokits/jrupda-=.;>.tdr.mz =.;>.tdr.mz wmkt nttps?//ltp.jrupda.grm/lcaks/t nttps?//ltp.jrupda.grm/lcaks/trdesadtcges/=.x rdesadtcges/=.x/jrupda/jrupda/jrupda/jrupda-=.;>.pt-`r.pg =.;>.pt-`r.pg
0. Kxtrdc Kxtrdcd d g Jrupda Jrupda k igpck igpck g drqucv drqucvg g jk trdju¾ trdju¾iˑ dg $ $ $ $ $
ij /vdr/www/ /vdr/www/pgrtd pgrtda/jru a/jrupda-= pda-= tdr xzl /tbp/j /tbp/jrup rupdada-=.; =.;>.t >.tdr. dr.mz mz --strc --strcp p 4 inbgj inbgj <88 INDEMKAGM INDEMKAGM.txt .txt IGXSPCMN IGXSPCMNZ.txt Z.txt CEYZDAA*. CEYZDAA*.txt txt ACIKEYK.t ACIKEYK.txt xt inbgj inbgj <88 BDCEZDCEK BDCEZDCEKPY.tx PY.txt t PKDJBK.tx PKDJBK.txt t [XMPDJK.tx [XMPDJK.txt t ip /tbp/jrupda-=.;>.pt-`r.pg /tbp/jrupda-=.;>.pt-`r.pg prglcaks/stdejdrj/trdesadtcges prglcaks/stdejdrj/trdesadtcges
G bºgjuag gjuag Agidak, quk quk ºk dtcv dtcvdjg djg dg cest cestda dadr dr g drquc drqucvg vg jk trdju¾ trdju¾ iˑdg kb prgfflaks/stdejdrj/trdesadtcges, mkrd ub gvkrnkdj ub gvkrnkdj jk jk ;8% ed qudetcjdjk jk igesuatds d `dsk jk jdjgs. Kb mrdejks prgoktgs, prg oktgs, ºk rkigbkejº dvka bdetkr d cetkrldik kb cemaˌks ks k eˑ dg d g usdr g drqucvg jk trdju¾iˑ idg. dˑg.
9. Jkffled Jkffled g jcrktº jcrktº grcg grcg jg jgbº jgbºĴecg jg Jrupda $ bv sctks/kxd sctks/kxdbpak. bpak.sctks sctks.pnp .pnp sctks/sctk sctks/sctks.pnp s.pnp
• [sk ub kjctgr jk tkxtg pdrd djcicgedr dg ffleda jg drqucvg sctks/sctks.pnp? $sctksV–k $sctksV–kxdbpa xdbpak.igb k.igb–R –R 2 –pgrtda–6 –pgrtda–6 75
Igescjkrd¾iˑ igks gˑks sg`rk g igbpdrtcandbketg jg eº uiakg jg Jrupda pgr bkcg jk igefflmurd¾iˑ uiakg iˑgks gks buatcsctk kstˑdg dg jcspge jcsp geººĴvkcs kb nttp?//jrupda.gr kstk nttp?//jrupda.grm/jgiubketdtcge m/jgiubketdtcge/cestdaa/buatc-sctk /cestdaa/buatc-sctk . Idsg ks pdssg eˑdg dg skod rkdaczdjg, g jrupda utcaczdrºd g jcrktº grcg grcg sctks/jklduat pdrd qudaqukr qudaqu kr egbk jk jgbº jgbºĴecg quk pgssud JEY rklkrkeicdejg kstk skrvcjgr.
:. Xrkpdr Xrkpdrk k g jcrktº jcrktº grcg jg vcrtudangst jg Jrupda grcg $ $ $ $
ip -d sctks/ sctks/jkl jkldua duat t sctks/ sctks/pgr pgrtda tda bfjcr sctks/pgrtda/lcaks sctks/pgrtda/lcaks-prcvdtk sctks/pgrtda/lcaks-prcvdtk ip sctks/pgrtda/jklduat.skttcems sctks/pgrtda/jklduat.skttcems.pnp .pnp sctks/pgrtda/skttcems.pnp sctks/pgrtda/skttcems.pnp kxct kxct
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag 9. Cestdad¾iˑ dg
;. Igeikjd pkrbcssˑ pkrbc ssˑ dg dg dg usuº drcg drcg jg skrvc¾ig ig wk` # ij /vdr/www/pgrtda/jrupda-=/sctk /vdr/www/pgrtda/jrupda-=/sctks/pgrtda s/pgrtda # ingwe ingwe www-jdtd www-jdtd?pgrt ?pgrtda da skttcems.p skttcems.pnp np lcaks lcaks-prc lcaks-prcvdtk vdtk
<. Cecick g edvkmdj edvkmdjgr gr Dikssk g Jrupda pkag edvkmdjgr k prgikjd d igefflmurd¾ iˑ idg dˑg jg cjcgbd k jd igekxˑ dg dg dg `deig jk jdjgs. Kssds igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑgks gks skrˑ dg dg sdavds eg drqucvg sctks/pgrtda/skttcems.pnp.
=. Pkjkffled d pkrbcssˑ dg dg jg drqucvg jk igefflmurd¾iˑ dg # ingwe ingwe pgrtda? pgrtda? skttcems.p skttcems.pnp np
Dpºgs gs g prgikjcbketg jk cestdad¾iˑ idg dˑg jg Jrupda, g usuºdrcg drcg jg skrvc¾ig i g wk` eˑ dg dg ekikssctd bdcs tkr pkrbcssˑ dg dg pdrd bgjcfflid¾iˑ iˑdg dg jg drqucvg jk igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg sctks/pgrtda/skttcems.pnp , pgr cssg, jkvk-sk datkrdr d prgprckjdjk jkstk drqucvg pdrd g usuº drcg drcg pgrtda, quk skrº d utcaczdjg pdrd dikssg LZX.
>. Igefflmu Igefflmurk rk g idbcen idbceng g jg rkpgsctº rkpgsctº grcg prcvdjg jk drqucvgs grcg Dikssk d igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg kb BºĴjcd ⇐ Ycstkbd jk drqucvgs k jkffled g idbceng jg rkpgsctº grcg grcg prcvdjg jk drqucvgs? sctks/pgrtda/fflaks-prcvdtk . G Jrupda crºd ircdr ub drqucvg .ntdiikss ekstk jcrktº grcg pdrd cestrucr dg skrvc¾ig grcg ig wk` quk eˑdg dg lgrek¾id id dikssg jcrktdbketk dgs drqucvgs drbdzkedjgs ekak. Dpksdr jcssg, pgjk-sk datkrdr g idbceng jkstk jcrktº grcg pdrd ub agida quk eˑ grcg dg dg skod dikssº dikssºĴvka pkad pk ad wk`, gu skod, ub jcrktº grcg grcg supkrcgr dqukak celgrbdjg ed gp¾iˑ idg dˑg JgiubketPggt jg skrvc¾ig ig wk`, tgredejg bdcs jclº jclºĴica g dikssg dgs drqucvgs drqucvgs jkfflecjgs igbg prcvdjgs. prcvdjgs.
3. Igefflmurk Igefflmurk g dmkejdjgr dmkejdjgr jk tdrklds jg Jrupda G dmkejdjgr jk tdrklds jg Jrupda kxkiutd tdrklds pkrcºgjcids, gjcids, igbg d cejkxd¾ iˑdg dg jk igetkº ujg ujg pdrd tgredr ds pksqucsds bdcs kfflicketks, d vkrcfflid¾iˑ idg dˑg jk dtudaczd¾iˑ igks gˑks jcspgeº jcspgeºĴvkcs pdrd su`scjcdr g rkspkitcvg rkadtº grcg, grcg, daºkb kb jk rkbgvkr drqucvgs tkbpgrº drcgs. drcgs. D jgiubketd¾ jgiubketd¾iˑ idg ˑdg sg`rk g dmkejdjgr jk tdrklds kstº d jcspgeº jcsp geºĴvka Ĵvka kb? nttps?//jrupda.grm/jgis/=/skttcem-up-irge/gvkrvckw .
G igbpgrtdbketg pdjrˑ dg jg dmkejdjgr jk tdrklds cbpacid quk skod vkrcfflidjd d ekiksscjdjk dg jk kxkiutº d-ag d-ag d idjd rkqucsc¾iˑ idg dˑ g jk pº dmced dmced k, qudejg ekikssº drcg, skodb kxkiutdjds ds tdrklds igbg drcg, pdrtk jd rkqucsc¾iˑ iˑdg, dg, igelgrbk igel grbk igefflmurd¾ igeffl murd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk pkrcgjcicjdjk jkfflecjd kb Ycstkbd ⇐ Dmkejdjgr iˑdg dg jg usuº drcg drcg d idjd jk tdrklds . Ekstk idsg, g dmkejdjgr jk tdrklds pgjk tgredr aketd ubd rkqucsc¾iˑ pkrºĴgjg Ĵgjg jk tkbpg. tkbp g. Pkigbkejd-sk jksdtcvdr kssk igbpgrtdbketg dutgbdtczdjg jg dmkejdjgr jk tdrklds k jkakmdr d indbdjd pdrd g Irge jg scstkbd scstkbd gpkrdicgeda gpkrdicgeda.. Dsscb, Dsscb, dikssk d igefflmurd igefflmurd¾ iˑ i¾ˑdg d g jg dmkejdjgr jk tdrklds, skakicgek skakicgek Eueid ed gp¾iˑ idg dˑg Pgjdr dmkejdjgr jk tdrklds d idjd k g`tkend d [PA pdrd idjdstrg eg Irge. Yu`stctud d [PA eg kxkbpag d skmucr, `kb igbg su`stctud g usuº drcg drcg pgrtda pgr p gr ub usuº drcg drcg igbub kxcstketk. # /kti/irge /kti/irgetd` td` 8 * * * * pgrtda pgrtda wmkt -G - -q -t 4 nttp?/ nttp?//kx /kxdbp dbpak. ak.igb igb/ir /irge. ge.pnp pnp7ir 7irgeW geWfky fky2FK 2FKS S
Kayscd Irge k [atcbdtk [atcbdtk Irge kxtkejkb g dmkejdjgr jk tdrklds jg Jrupda Gs bºgjuags gjuags Kayscd k dmrkmdb lue¾iˑ igks gˑks igbg d igefflmurd¾iˑ idg ˑdg pgr tdrkld, kxkiuid¾iˑ idg dˑg pdrdakad pdrdakad jk tdrklds k kstdtº kstdtºĴstcids
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag 9. Cestdad¾iˑ dg
jktdandjds jd kxkiu¾iˑ idg dˑg jk tdrklds. Gptk pgr ub jkaks sk ekikssctdr jk bdcs rkiursgs gu ub igetrgak bdcs kspkiºĴfflig Ĵfflig jg dmkejdjgr jk tdrklds.
48. \krcfflid¾iˑ iˑ dg dg jd cestd ce stdad ad¾¾iˑ dg Dikssk g Jrupda pgr bkcg jg usuº drcg jkfflecjg jurdetk d cestdad¾iˑ drcg iˑdg dg k igesuatk igesu atk g Pkadtº grcg g rcg jk Ytdt Ytdtus us pdrd tkr ubd vcsˑdg dg mkrda jds igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑgks, gks, igesuat igesuatdr dr ds vkrsˑ vkrsˑ gks g ks jgs skrvc¾igs igs k igelkrcr sk damub prg`akbd lgc jktkitdjg ekstd cestdad¾ iˑ idg. dˑg.
9.:. 9.:.4 4 $ $ $ $ $
Dtuda tudacz czd¾ d¾ iˑ dg
ij /vdr/www/ /vdr/www/pgrtd pgrtda/jru a/jrupda-= pda-= ubds ubdsf f 800 800 tdr xzl /tbp/j /tbp/jrup rupdada-=.; =.;=.t =.tdr. dr.mz mz --strc --strcp p 4 inbgj inbgj <88 IGXSPCMNZ IGXSPCMNZ.txt .txt CEYZDAA* CEYZDAA*.txt .txt BDCEZDCEKP BDCEZDCEKPY.tx Y.txt t [XMPDJK.tx [XMPDJK.txt t lcej lcej ./ -rkmkx -rkmkxtyp typk k pgscxpgscx-kmr kmrkp kp -rkmkx –.*(ACIKEYK|PKDJBK|CEYZDAA|IND –.*(ACIKEYK|PKDJBK|CEYZDAA|INDEMKAGM).txt$– EMKAGM).txt$– -kxk -kxki i inbg inbgj j <88 <88 {} Q6
IDXºCZ[AG
:
\csˑ \csˑ dg dg mkrda mkr da jg Jrupd Jrupdaa G Jrupda lgc cbpakbketdjg pdrd skr datdbketk iustgbczº dvka, g quk akvgu dg jkskevgavcbketg jk dvka, qudtrg kstruturds kst ruturds mkeºkrcids? krcids? `agigs, tcpgs jk igetkº ujg, bkeus k tdxgegbcds, quk igbpˑgk ujg, gk sku eº uiakg. uiakg. D pdrtcr jk ubd vcsˑdg dg bdcs d`rdemketk d`rde mketk ºk pgss pgs sºĴvka cjketcfflidr cjketcffli dr trˌks ks igbpgeketk igbp geketkss jg j g Jrupda? Jrupd a? gs tkbds, tkbds , g eº uiakg uiakg jg Jrupda k gs bºgjuags. gjuags. D prcbkcrd pr cbkcrd idbdjd idbdj d ºk igbp i gbpgstd gstd pgr tkbds quk igetºkb kb d vcsˑ vc sˑ dg kb NZBA/IYY igb cjketcfflid¾iˑ idg dˑg jk rkmcˑ gks gks quk skrˑ dg dg igetrgadjds pkag eº uiakg uiakg jg Jrupda. Jrupda. Oº d g eº uiakg jg Jrupda pgjk skr kxtkejcjg uiakg pgr bºgjuags gjuags quk djcicgedb idpdicjdjks tdetg pdrd mkrdr kstruturds jk vcsˑ dg qudetg pdrd drbdzkedr dg egvgs tcpgs jk jdjgs kb `deig jk jdjgs.
:.4
Kstr Kstrut utur urd d
Ds rkmcˑ dg jkfflecjds jurdetk g sku jkskevgavcbketg, pgjkejg skr ircdjg ub su`tkbd gks gks jg tkbd sˑdg pdrd datkrd¾iˑ iˑdg, dg, djc¾iˑ iˑdg dg gu kxiausˑdg d g jk rkmcˑgks, g ks, g quk jkpkejk jd kjc¾iˑ idg dˑg jk drqucvgs jk tkbpadtk NZBA. Kssk dssuetg skrº d dprksketdjg dprk sketdjg eg idpº idpºĴtuag <. Ds rkmcˑgks gks sˑdg dg egbkdjds d fflb jk jksirkvkr sud pgsc¾ iˑ idg dˑ g ed pºdmced. dmced. Gs `agigs `agigs dssgicdjgs dssgicdjgs ds rkmcˑgks gks pgjkb skr ldicabketk rkgrjkedjgs d fflb jk grmdeczdr d sud kxc`c¾iˑ iˑdg. dg. ***************************** ******************************************** ******************************* ******************************* ********************** ******* * Pkmc~ dg jg Zgpg * * @agig 4, @agig 0, @agig E * ***************************** ******************************************** ******************************* ******************************* ********************** ******* * * * * Dº rkd r kd skb skb rkmc rkmc~ ~dg (Agmg, egbk jg sctk) * Pkmc~dg jk Xksqucsd * * * * ***************************** ******************************************** ******************************* ******************************* ********************** ******* * * * * * * * * * Pkmc~ dg Ksqukrjd * Pkmc~dg d g jg Iget Igetkº kº ujg (Egjk) * Pkmc~dg Jcrkctd * * * * * * @agig 4 * Lckaj 4 (cbdmkb) * @agig 4 * * @agig 0 * Lckaj 0 (tkxtg) * @agig 0 * * @agig 9 * Lckaj 9 (drqucvg) * @agig 9 * * @agig E * Lckaj : (tdxgegbcd) * @agig E * * * * * * * * * * * * * ***************************** ******************************************** ******************************* ******************************* ********************** ******* * Pkmc~ dg d g jg Pgjd Pgjdpº pº k * * @agig 4, @agig 0, @agig E * ***************************** ******************************************** ******************************* ******************************* ********************** *******
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp ºĴtuag Ĵtua g :. \csˑ dg dg mkrda mkrd a jg Jrupda Jrup da
Gs tkbds tdb`ºkb kb pgssukb pgs sukb º dvkcs, dvkcs, sˑdg dg igetrgadjds igetrgadjds drkds drk ds skb sk b rkmcˑ rkm cˑ dg dg quk, idsg skodb iustgbczº pkads igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks jg tkbd. G tkbd pdjrˑ dg, dg, @drtcf @dr tcf,, pgss p gssuc uc trˌks ks dºrkds rkd s skb sk b rkmc r kmcˑ dg, dˑg, ubd igb g agmgtcpg k egbk eg bk jg sctk, ubd quk ºk kxc`cjd g bkeu bk eu prcbº drcg drcg k gutrd quk ºk kxc`cjg g bkeu skiuejº skiue jº drcg. drcg. D Pkmcˑ Pkm cˑ dg dg jg Igetk Iget kujg u º jg pgjk skr prkkeincjd pgr? jkegbcedjg Egjk, quk ºk ubd cestˌ ces tˌdeicd deicd jk ub jktkrbcedjg tcpg jk igetkº ujg, ujg, • ub igetkº ujg ujg, jkegbcedjg skejg lgrbdjg pgr idbpgs jk jcvkrsgs tcpgs, igbg tkxtg, tkxtg agemg, cbdmkb, drqucvg, tdxgegbcd, kti. • pgr ubd \ckw jk pº dmced dmced, jkegbce Xdmk \ckw \ckw, quk igetº jkegbcedjd djd Xdmk igetºkb kb ubd acstdmkb acstdmkb jk ub gu vºdrcgs drcgs tcpgs jk igetkº ujg quk pgjkb skr kxc`cjgs kb jcvkrsgs lgrbdtgs, igbg sacjksngw, ujg diigrjcge, mrcj, td`kad, kti. Ds vckws sˑdg dg d`grjdjds ed sk¾iˑ idg ;.;.4 dˑg ;.;.4.. • pgr ub Xdceka , jkegbcedjg jkegbcedjg Xdeka Xdmk, quk q uk igetºkb kb su`rkm su` rkmcˑ cˑ gks kb quk pgjkb skr dagidjgs gks ub gu bdcs Egjks, @agigs gu \ckws. Gs Xdekas sˑdg dg d`grjdjgs ed sk¾iˑ iˑdg dg ;.= ;.=.. Kb qudaqukr ub jgs trˌks ks idsgs, d igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg jd [PA jd pºdmced dmced skrº d jkfflecjd pgr kstd rkmcˑ dg. dg. dg `agigs quk pgssukb kb sud igefflmurd¾ dg iˑ idg dˑg cejcvcjuda d acstd jk [PAs Ds jkbdcs rkmcˑ gks gks igetkrˑ kb quk skrˑdg dg kxc`cjgs.
:.4.4 .4.4
@agi @agigs gs
G `agig ºk d uecjdjk quk pgj pgjkk skr dssgicdjd d ubd rkmcˑ dg dg jg tkbd, ceiauscvk dh Pkmcˑdg dg jk Igetkº ujg, ujg, k pgjk skr ircdjg d pdrtcr jk ub trking jk iº gjcmg NZBA, pgjk rkprksketdr ub bkeu, ubd acstdmkb gjcmg jk igetkº ujg (\ckw jk `agig), ub Bcec-Xdeka, gu dcejd, skr lgrekicjg pgr damub bº ujg gjuag, gjuag, igbg g Lggtkr Yctkbdp . Ige Igefflmur fflmurd-s d-skk eg `agig kb qudcs qudcs [PAs kak skrº d kxc`cjg, jketrg jd rkmcˑ dg d g d quda lgc dssgicdjg, pgr bkcg jds igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks jk vcsc`cacjdjk.
• [PA? /djbce/struiturk/ /djbce/struiturk/`agif `agif • Dtcvcjdjks? gks jg tkbd pgr bkcg jd gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg Jkbgestrdtk `agif rkmcges6 ’ kxc`cr ds rkmcˑgks ’ iacquk kb Ydcr jd jkbgestrd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk rkmcˑ gks gks jk `agigs6 ’ bgvd gs `agigs jd rkmcˑdg dg Xrcbkcrd `drrd adtkrda pdrd Ykmuejd `drrd adtkrda 6 ’ rkgrjkek gs `agigs jd rkmcˑdg dg kb 4g 6 dg Ykmuejd `drrd adtkrda , bdetkend Ekvdmk¾iˑ ’ sdavk gs `agigs k dikssk hds ds igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks jk ub `agig6 ’ cjketcfflquk gs igetrgaks jk vcsc`cacjdjk jg `agig6 ’ djcicgek egvg `agig igb ub trking jk iº gjcmg gjcmg NZBA6 Gs lgrbdtgs jk tkxtg rkstrcemkb ds ds tdms NZBA tdms NZBA pkrbctcjds pdrd idbpgs jk tkxtg iˑ gks gks ⇐ agemg, agemg, igbg g utcacz utcaczdjg djg dg ircdr ircdr ub `agig. `agig. Xgjkb Xgjkb skr igefflmurd igefflmurdjgs jgs kb Igefflmurd¾iˑ Ircd¾iˑ idg d ˑg jk igetkº ujg ujg ⇐ Lgrbdtgs jk tkxtg .
:.4.0 .4.0
Bkeus
[b bkeu ºk lgrbdjg lgr bdjg pgr p gr ub igeouetg ctkes jk bkeu, jkegbcedjgs acefs, quk pgjkb skr grmdeczdjgs jk lgrbd nckrºdrqucid drqucid.. Zgjg bkeu bkeu ºk ub `agig quk pgjk skr dssgicdjg dssgicdjg d ubd rkmcˑ dg jg tkbd pkad cetkrldik jk `agigs.
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp ºĴtuag Ĵtua g :. \csˑ dg dg mkrda mkrd a jg Jrupda Jrup da
Xgr qukstˑ gks gks jk grmdeczd¾iˑ idg, dˑg, sumkrk-sk quk tgjg bkeu skod egbkdjg igb prkfflxg Bkeu?, dsscb, dg ircdr ub bkeu jkegbcedjg Bkeu? Cestctuicgeda skrºd pgss pg ssººĴvka cjketcffl cjk etcffliº iºd-ag d-ag igb iadrkzd ed acstd jk `agigs. `agigs. Dg kjctdr kjctdr g `agig jkstk jkstk bkeu, bkeu, jkffled g Zº ZºĴtuag Ĵtu ag jg `agig `ag ig igbg Cestctuicgeda pdrd quk g prkfflxg Bkeu? eˑdg dg skod dprksketdjg. Dg ircdr ub bkeu, tdb`º kb kb skrº d mkrdjg ub egbk uecig uºecig pdrd cjketcfflid¾iˑ idg ˑdg cetkred, jkegbcedjg egbk eg scstkbd , skejg dutgbdtcidbketk prkfflxdjg igb bkeu-. Dssc Dsscb, b, dg ircdr ircdr g bkeu bkeu rksuatdrdº kb k b bkeuBkeu? Cestctuicgeda, usk igbg egbk eg scstkbd dpkeds cestctuicgeda, quk rksuatdrº cestctuicgeda.
• [PA? /djbce/struiturk/bkeu • Dtcvcjdjks? ’ cjketcfflquk gs bkeus6 ∝ Bdedmkbket? bkeu utcaczdjg pkad `drrd djbcecstrdtcvd6 iˑdg dg eg tgpg6 ∝ Bdce bkeu? bkeu prceicpda pdrd d `drrd jk edvkmd¾iˑ dmced prceicpda6 prceicpda6 ∝ Edvcmdtcge? bkeu datkredtcvg pdrd d pºdmced drcg pdrd dikssg dg pkrffla jg usuº drcg drcg agmdjg k agmgut k agmgut 6 ∝ [skr bkeu? bkeu skiuejºdrcg dg pgjkb skr dpdmdjgs6 ½ Damues ctkes jkssks bkeus eˑdg idg dˑg jkssks jkssk s bkeus b keus ºk gpicgeda6 gpi cgeda6 ½ D utcaczd¾iˑ ’ irck ub bkeu6 ’ djcicgek acefs d kstk bkeu6 ’ datkrk d grjkb jgs acefs eg bkeu6 ’ grmdeczk gs acefs nckrdrqucidbketk6 ’ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg –Kxc`cr kxpdejcjg– pdrd gs ctkes quk pgssukb su`ctkes6 ’ igefflmurd¾iˑ idg? dˑg? jkffled g bkeu prceicpda6 ’ kjctk ub acef k bgvd-g pdrd gutrg bkeu pgr bkcg jd gp¾iˑ idg dˑg Acef supkrcgr6 ’ dssgick ub bkeu d ubd rkmcˑdg dg adtkrda pgr bkcg jd cetkrldik jk `agigs6 ’ irck ub acef d pdrtcr jk ub igetkºujg ujg (egjk)6 ∝ vceiuak4 kstk bkeu d ub tcpg jk igetkº iˑ gks gks jg bkeu 6 ujg ujg kb Igefflmurd¾iˑ ∝ irck ub igetkº ujg k djcicgek ub acef pdrd g bkeu6 ujg 4
\krkbgs quk pdrd g usuº drcg igbub djcicgedr ub acef dg bkeu d pdrtcr jk ub igetkº drcg ujg ujg skrº d ekikssºdrcg drcg d igeikssˑ dg dg jk ubd pkrbcssˑdg dg kspkiº kspkiºĴfflid pdrd djbcecstrdr kstk bkeu. º pgssº K pgssºĴvka Ĵvka jkfflecr g bkeu prceicpda, quk egrbdabketk egrbdabketk ºk dagidjg pkag tkbd ed pdrtk supkrcgr jg sctk, pgr bkcg jd gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg Grcmkb pdrd gs acefs Xrceicpdcs , `kb igbg g bkeu skiuejº drcg, drcg, quk pgjk vcr d skr kxc`cjg eg tgpg jg sctk, pgr bkcg jd gp¾iˑ idg dˑg Grcmkb pdrd gs acefs Ykiuejº drcgs drcgs . Dpksdr jkstd dtcvcjdjk tkr ircdjg ctkes jk bkeu pkad cetkrldik jk mkrkeicdbketg jk bkeus, kssd gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg ºk igbubketk i gbubketk utcaczdjd sgbketk pdrd acefs kxtkregs. kxtkr egs. D ircd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk ctkes jk bkeu pdrd pºdmceds dmceds cetkreds jkvk skr rkdaczdjd pkad cetkrldik jk ircd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk igetkº ujg ujg (egjk), jk \ckw jk pºdmced dmced gu jk Xdceka, igbg skrº d vcstg pgstkrcgrbketk.
:.4. :.4.9 9
Zcpg Zcpgss jk ige igetkº tkujg u º jg
[b tcpg jk igetkº krcigs krcigs (cetkcrg gu g u ffgdt), `gakdegs, jk ujg ujg ºk lgrbdjg pgr idbpgs jk tkxtg, eubº cbdmkb, jk drqucvg, drqucvg, jk acstd (inkif`gx, (inkif`gx, rdjcg, dutgigbpaktk) jk tkxtg gu jk eº ubkrgs ubkrgs k acstd jk tkrbgs
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp ºĴtuag Ĵtua g :. \csˑ dg dg mkrda mkrd a jg Jrupda Jrup da
jk jktkrbced jktkrbcedjd jd tdxgegbcd tdxgegbcd.. Egvg Egvgss tcpgs jk idbpgs pgjkb skr djcicgedj djcicgedjgs gs pgr bkcg bkcg jk bº gjuags, igbg idbpgs pdrd jdtd, acef k rkadicgedbketg igb gutrg tcpg jk igetkº ujg. ujg.
• [PA? /djbce/struiturk/ /djbce/struiturk/typks typks • Dtcvcjdjks? ’ djcicgek ub tcpg jk igetkº ujg6 ujg6 ’ jkffled g rº gtuag gtuag jg idbpg idbp g jk tºĴtuag6 Ĵtuag 6 idg dˑg Xrgbgvcjg pdrd d pº ’ jksdtcvk d gp¾iˑ dmced dmced cecicda cecicd a kb Gp¾ iˑ igks g ˑks jk pu`acid¾iˑ idg d ˑg6 ∝ rklkrk-sk d kxc`cr kstk igetkº ujg ujg ed pº dmced dmced /egjk, quk pgr pdjrˑ dg dg ºk d pºdmced dmced cecicda6 cecicda6 ’ vkrcfflquk d kxc`c¾iˑ iˑ igks g ˑks jk kxc`c¾iˑ dg6 idg dˑg jg dutgr jg igetkº ujg ujg kb Gp¾ ’ jksdtcvk d pu`acid¾iˑ idg dˑg jk igbketº drcgs drcgs skakicgedejg skakicgedejg Lkindjg6 iˑ iˑdg dg jk ctkb pdrd kstk tcpg jk igetkº ujg6 ujg6 ’ igefflmurk gs bkeus dutgrczdjgs pdrd ceskr¾ ∝ g usuºdrcg drcg tdb`º kb kb prkicsd jk pkrbcssˑdg dg eg bkeu pdrd ceskrcr ub igetkº ujg6 ’ igefflmurk g idbpg `gjy k datkrk sku rºgtuag ujg ujg jd pº dmced dmc ed 6 gtuag pdrd Igetkº ’ djcicgek djci cgek idbpgs idbp gs jketrk gs tcpgs tcp gs jcspge jcsp geººĴvkcs? Cetkmkr, Acst(Zkxt), Cbdmk, Lcak, kti6 ∝ vkrcfflquk ds igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks kspkiº kspkiºĴfflids pgr tcpg jk idbpg6 ’ mkrkeick d kxc`c¾iˑ iˑdg dg jg idbpg (pksg, pgsc¾iˑ idg ˑdg jg ad`ka k lgrbdtg)6 Dg mkrkeicdr idbpgs , d grjkb jkfflek d pgsc¾iˑ idg dˑg jgs idbpgs eg lgrbuaº drcg drcg jk ircd¾iˑ idg dˑg k kjc¾iˑ idg dˑg dg, d grjkb jkfflek d pgsc¾iˑ jg igetkº ujg, ujg, oºd kb mkrkeicdr kxc`c¾iˑ iˑdg dg jgs idbpgs ed dprksketd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jg igetkº ujg, ujg, ekstd drkd dºrk d ºk pgss pg ssººĴvka igefflmu ige fflmurdr rdr d kxc`c¾ kxc `c¾iˑ idg dˑg jgs rºgtuags? gtuags? kb acend, dicbd gu giuatºd-ags. d-ags. G Jrupda ºk idpdz jk bdetkr vkrsˑ gks gks jg igetkº ujg, ujg, gu skod, bdetº kb kb ub iº gpcd gpcd idjd vkz quk g igetkº ujg ujg ºk kjctdjg, skejg quk g dikssg d rkvcsˑ dg pgjk skr gu eˑdg dg igeikjcjg dgs usuº drcgs drcgs quk tkb pkrbcssˑdg dg jk kjctdr kstk igetkº ujg. ujg.
:.4.: :.4.:
Zdxgegb dxgegbcd cd
[bd tdxgegbcd (vdid`uaºdrcg) drcg) rklkrk-sk d iadsscfflid¾iˑ idg dˑg jg igetkº ujg, ujg, idtkmgrcds, quk sˑ dg dg lgrbdjds pgr tkrbgs quk pgjkb skr grmdeczdjgs nckrdrqucidbketk. nckrdrqucidbketk. Zdb`º db`ºkb kb pgjk p gjk skr ketkejcjd igbg ubd acstd jk kakbketgs jg tcpg mˌkekrg kekrg k kspºkick. kick. Ds tdxgegbcds tdxge gbcds jkvkb skr rklkrkeicdjds r klkrkeicdjds kb ub gu bdcs tcpgs jk igetkº ujg ujg pgr bkcg jg idbpg Zkrb rklkrkeik . Ds tdms Ds tdms sˑ sˑdg dg ub kxkbpag jk tdxgegbcd.
• [PA? /djbce/struiturk/tdxgegby • Dtcvcjdjks? drcg drcg (acstd jk tkrbgs)6 ’ djcicgek ub vgid`uaº drcg6 drcg6 ’ djcicgek tkrbgs d ub vgid`uaº ’ rkgrjkek gs tkrbgs k jkffled ubd nckrdrqucd ketrk kaks6 ’ g`skrvk g`sk rvk quk dg rkcecicdr gs tkrbgs pdrd grjkb gr jkb dald`ºktcid, ktcid, d nckrdrqucd skrº sk rº d bdetcjd6 ’ djcicgek ub idbpg jg tcpg Zkrb rklkrkeik d ub tcpg jk igetkº ujg6 ujg6 º pgss D tdxgegbcd dsskbkand-sk dg idbpg Acst(Zkxt), pgrº p grºkb kb igb i gb rkiurs r kiursgs gs djcicge d jcicgedcs. dcs. K gs sºĴvka Ĵvk a djcicgedr idbpgs dh tdxgegbcd, dsscb, ub tkrbg pgjk pgssucr bº uatcpads lgrbds jk kxc`c¾iˑ uatcpads iˑdg, dg, igbg ‒Dekxg CCC - Kstruturds rkbuekrdtº grcds‒gu ‒Dekxg CCC‒, g quk pkrbctk, pgr kxkbpag, kxc`cr sud grcds‒gu jksirc¾iˑ idg ˑdg igbpaktd kb ubd pº dmced k utcaczdr d lgrbd rkjuzcjd jg tkrbg igbg pdrtk jg egbk jk ub dmced drqucvg prksketk eg rkspkitcvg igetkº ujg. ujg.
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp ºĴtuag Ĵtua g :. \csˑ dg dg mkrda mkrd a jg Jrupda Jrup da
Gutrg rkiursg rkiur sg jd tdxgegbcd tdxge gbcd ºk d vceiuad¾ vceiu ad¾iˑ idg dˑg jk ubd [PA dh acstdmkb jk tgjgs gs igetkº ujgs ujgs quk kstˑdg dg cjketcffli cjketcfflidjdj djdjgs gs igb jktkrbc jktkrbcedjg edjg tkrbg. tkrbg. G bº gjuag pdtndutg tdb`ºkb kb pkrbctk mkrdr kssds [PAs d pdrtcr jk ub pdjrˑdg dg jk tgfkes.
:.0
Igetkº ujg ujg (egjk)
:.0.4 :.0.4
Mkrkei Mkrkeicdb cdbke ketg tg jk igetkº igetkº ujg ujg
º pgssº G igetkº (eg jk) ºk ubd cestˌdeicd deicd jk ub tcpg jk igetkº ujg. ujg. K pgssºĴvka ldzkr ub pdrdakag kb quk ujg ujg (egjk) g tcpg jk igetkº ujg skrcd ubd td`kad k g igetkº ujg ujg (egjk) skrcd idjd acend jd td`kad. ujg
• [PA? /djbce/igetket • Dtcvcjdjks? ’ acstd igetkº ujg (egjks) kxcstketk - /djbce/igetket6 ujg ’ djc¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk igetkº ujg ujg (egjk) jk tcpgs prºk-jkfflecjgs k-jkfflecjgs - /egjk/djj6 /e gjk/djj6 ’ igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg jg egjk (bkeu, rkvcsˑdg, dg, [PA dacds)6 ’ mkrkeicdbketg jk igbketº drcgs - /djbce/igetket/igbbket6 drcgs ’ mkrkeicdbketg jk rkvcsˑ gks (acstdr, rkvkrtkr k rkbgvkr)6 gks
:.9
Bgjuags º gjuags
Jk lgrbd scbcadr d ub lrdbkwgrf jk prgmrdbd¾iˑ idg, dˑg, ds kstruturds jg Jrupda lgrdb jkskevgavcjds igb ceºubkrgs ubkrgs pgetgs jk cetkmrd¾iˑ iˑdg, dg, jkegbcedjgs nggfs, quk sˑdg dg utcaczdjgs pdrd kxtkejˌk-ads k-ads pgr bkcg jk bºgjuags. gjuags. Gs bºgjuags gjuags pgjkb skr cestdadjgs pkad cetkrldik wk` jg Jrupda, quk rkdaczd ubd igekxˑdg dg LZX agida pdrd drbdzkedr skus drqucvgs eg jcrktº grcg grcg sctks/daa/bgjuaks. Gs bºgjuags gjuags pgjkb lgrekikr `agigs kspkicdaczdjgs, egvgs tcpgs jk idbpgs ( fflkajs ) pdrd skrkb utcaczdjgs kb tcpgs jk igetkº ujg ujg k tdb`ºkb kb djcicgedr rkiursgs dh Pkmcˑ Pkmc ˑ dg dg jk Igetkº Igetk ujg u º jg, igbg gs `gtˑgks gks jk igbpdrtcandbketg jd pº dmced kb rkjks sgicdcs gu d celgrbd¾iˑ dmced idg dˑg sg`rk d rkspgesd`cacjdjk jg igetkº u ujg. j g. Daºkb kb jcss jc ssgg nºd bºgjuags gjuags cbpgrtdetks quk kstkejkb ds lueicgedacjdjks jgs bkeus. Keigetrdr g bº gjuag gjuag quk cbpakbketd cbpakbketd ubd jktkrbcedjd jktkrbcedjd lueicgedacjdj lueicgedacjdjkk ºk ubd jds dtcvcjdjks dtcvcjdjks quk bdcs jkbdejdb tkbpg qudejg sk kstº d cecicdejg d trd`dandr igb g Jrupda. D pºdmced dmced jk pksqucsd jk bºgjuagsV4R gjuagsV4R eˑdg dg doujd buctg, pgcs kb buctgs idsgs eˑdg ºk tdg dˑg iadrg g quk g bº gjuag gjuag sk prgpˑgk gk d ldzkr, tdbpguig g ºĴejcik Ĵejcik jk bº gjuagsV0R gjuagsV0R ldicactd ldicactd cssg, bds pgjkb skr utkcs u ºtkcs kvketudabketk. D pksqucsd pk squcsd pgr p gr bkcg jg Mggmak Mg gmak igstubd igst ubd skr bdcs kfflicketk k tdb`ºkb kb nº d pº dmceds dmceds quk igesgacjdb ubd rkad¾iˑ idg dˑg jk bºgjuags gjuags pgr ub jktkrbcedjg tkbd, igbg gs bº gjuags gjuags pdrd \ckwsV9R \ckwsV9R k k pdrd [pagdj jk drqucvgsV:R drqucvgsV:R.. G idpº i dpºĴtuag Ĵt uag ;, quk trdtd jk bºgjuags, gjuags, lueicged igbg ub idtº dagmg dagmg quk tdb`ºkb kb scbpacfflid scbpacffl id kssd tdrkld.
• • • •
V4R V0R V9R V:R
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/pr nttps?//jrupda .grm/prgokit/prgokitWbgjuak gokitWbgjuak nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/pr nttps?//jrupda .grm/prgokit/prgokitWbgjuak/cej gokitWbgjuak/cejkx kx nttps?//jrupda.grm/jgiubketdt nttps?//jrupda .grm/jgiubketdtcge/bgjuaks/vckw cge/bgjuaks/vckws/djj-ges s/djj-ges nttps?//mrgups.jrupda.grm/egj nttps?//mrgups .jrupda.grm/egjk/08034 k/08034
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
:.9. :.9.4 4
Idpº Idp ºĴtuag Ĵtua g :. \csˑ dg dg mkrda mkrd a jg Jrupda Jrup da
Mkrk Mkrkei eicd cdbk bke etg jk bº gjuags gjuags
Gs bºgjuags gjuags sˑdg dg jkskevgavcjgs kspkicfflidbketk pdrd ubd jktkrbcedjd vkrsˑ dg d g jg eº uiakg uiakg jg Jrupda, dsscb, ub bºgjuag gjuag iuod vkrsˑ dg ºk =.x-4.0 lueicgedrº d dpkeds ed vkrsˑ vkrsˑdg dg = jg Jrupda. Cssg gigrrk pgcs d bujde¾id id jk vkrsˑ dg d g jg eº uiakg cbpacid kb bujde¾ids uiakg ids scmecfflidtcvds kb sud kstruturd cetkred k DXC jk cetkmrd¾iˑ idg dˑg dgs bºgjuags. gjuags.
• [PA? /djbce/bgjuaks • Dtcvcjdjks? ’ acstk gs bºgjuags gjuags cestdadjgs k gs dtcvdjgs6 ’ jksdtcvk g bºgjuag gjuag Gvkrady6 ’ dtcvk g bºgjuag gjuag Yysagm pdrd quk ds bkesdmkes jk agm skodb kevcdjds dg sysagm6 gjuag [pjdtk bdedmkr pdrd pkrbctcr cestdad¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk egvgs bºgjuags gjuags pkad pka d wk`6 ’ dtcvk bºgjuag idg dˑg jgs bºgjuags? gjuags? sctks/daa/bgjuaks6 ’ cjketcfflquk g agida jk cestdad¾iˑ
:.:
Dpdrˌ keicd keicd
Gs tkbds sˑdg d g lgrbdjgs pgr rkmcˑ g ks quk jkfflekb g akcdutk jd pºdmced gks d mced kb quk `agigs pgjkb skr dssgicdjgs. D Pkmcˑ ksp kicda da pgcs pg cs igetºkb kb g igetkº iget kº ujg ujg prceicpda jd pºdmced, dmced, skod ub dg dg jg Igetkº ujg ujg ºk kspkic egjk gu ubd \ckw. Nºd tdb`º td b`ºkb kb drkds dºrkds skb rkmcˑgks gks quk sˑ dg dg iustgbczº dvkcs pgr bkcg jd igefflmurd¾iˑ dvkcs idg dˑg jg tkbd. Daºkb kb jcssg, gs tkbds pgssukb cjketcjdjk vcsuda prº gprcd gprcd (IYY). Cetkrkssdetk egtdr quk ekb tgjg tkbd kxc`k k xc`k bkeus buatceº buatceºĴvkcs, tdbpguig tdbpgu ig sˑ dg dg rkspgescvgs. Xgr cssg, ºk cbpgrtdetk igenkikr ds idrditkrº idrditkrºĴstcids cbpakbketdjds pkags prceicpdcs tkbds k gptdr pkag quk bkangr dtkejk ds ekiksscjdjks jk idjd prgoktg. /djbce/dppkdrdeik • [PA? /djbce/dppkdrdeik
:.:. :.:.4 4
Igeffl Igefflmu murd rd¾¾iˑ igks ˑ gks mag`dcs jk tkbd
Ds igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks mag`dcs jk tkbd dpacidb-sk d qudaqukr tkbd kb utcaczd¾iˑ iˑdg. dg.
• [PA? /djbce/dppkdrdeik/sk /djbce/dppkdrdeik/skttcems ttcems • Dtcvcjdjks? iˑdg dg jk kakbketgs (agmg, sctk edbk, bkeu, kti)6 ’ igetrgadr d kxc`c¾iˑ dg kxc`cr g egbk jg sctk (sctk edbk)6 ’ eˑdg ’ jkfflecr cbdmkb jk agmg6 ’ jkfflecr ldvcige6
:.:. :.:.0 0
Igeffl Igefflmu murd rd¾¾iˑ iˑ gks gks kspki ksp kiº ºĴfflids Ĵfflid s jg tkbd
Ds igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks kspkiº kspkiºĴfflids jg tkbd tk bd dpacidb-sk sgbketk dg rkspkitcvg tkbd. /djbce/dppkdrdeik/skttcems/` ttcems/`drtcf drtcf • [PA? /djbce/dppkdrdeik/sk • Dtcvcjdjks?
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp ºĴtuag Ĵtua g :. \csˑ dg dg mkrda mkrd a jg Jrupda Jrup da
iˑgks gks jg tkbd6 ’ dikssdr igefflmurd¾iˑ ’ `drtcf? ksqukbd jk igr (nkdjkr, scjk`dr, lggtkr, tkxt, acef)6 `dr tcf? acfdr acfdr ctkes jg ksqukbd jk igr pdrd mkrdr mk rdr igr igbpdtº igbpdtºĴvka6 ’ `drtcf?
:.:.9 :.:.9
Xrgikjc Xrgikjcbk bket etg g pdrd pdrd dv dvdacdr dacdr ub tkbd tkbd
• cestdak g tkbd k g bºgjuag gjuag Jkvka6 • jkffled g tkbd igbg pdjrˑ dg dg (skt jklduat)6 • igefflmurk g bkeu Jkvkagpbket igbg bkeu prceicpda (Bkeu skttcems-5Bdce acefs)6 • rkgrmdeczk gs ctkes jg bkeu Jkvkagpbket kb eºĴvkcs Ĵvk cs (Bkeu (B keu--5Jkvkagpbket)6 • nd`cactk d kxc`c¾iˑ idg jrgp-jgwe dˑg jrgp-jgwe jgs jgs su`bkeus (Yngw ds kxpdejkj)6 dg Ykigej/Ykigejdry/Pcmnt Ycjk`dr 6 • dssgick g bkeu Jkvkagpbket dh rkmcˑdg ujg ujg igb g bº gjuag gjuag Jkvka mkekrdtk 6 • mkrk igetkº
:.:.: :.:.:
Zkbds kbds Xgpuadr gpuadrks ks
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/`a .grm/prgokit/`aukz ukz • nttps?//jrupda
dmced cecicda skb rkmcˑgks gks quk ºk iustgbczº iustg bczº dvka dvka pkads igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks jg tkbd6 ’ pºdmced dg rkspgescvg6 rkspgescvg6 ’ e-akvka bkeu, eˑdg
• nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/`u .grm/prgokit/`usy sy dg rkspgescvg6 ’ 4-akvka bdce bkeu, 4-akvka rcmnt bkeu, eˑdg nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/jd .grm/prgokit/jdeadej eadej • nttps?//jrupda
dg rkspgescvg6 ’ 4-akvka bdce bkeu, e-akvka rcmnt bkeu, eˑdg nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/md .grm/prgokit/mdradej radej • nttps?//jrupda
’ 4-akvka bdce bkeu eg tgpg, e-akvka rcmnt bkeu, eˑdg dg rkspgescvg6 nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/ig .grm/prgokit/igrpgrdtkiakde rpgrdtkiakde • nttps?//jrupda
’ e-akvka bdce bkeu, e-akvka rcmnt bkeu, djdptdtcvg6 kkits? ldjk6
:.:.; :.:.;
Zkbds kbds Pkspges Pkspgescv cvgs gs
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/`g .grm/prgokit/`ggtstrdp gtstrdp • nttps?//jrupda
’ 0-akvka bkeus, su`-bkeu dg iacidr6 nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/rk .grm/prgokit/rkspgescvkW`agm spgescvkW`agm • nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/u/zybpngec .grm/u/zybpngecks.igb ks.igb - _ybpngecks Znkbks • nttps?//jrupda
’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/kxk nttps?//jrupda .grm/prgokit/kxkiutkWrkspgescvk iutkWrkspgescvkWtnkbk Wtnkbk nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/ru` nttps?//jrupda .grm/prgokit/ru`cxWrkspgescvkWt cxWrkspgescvkWtnkbk nkbk nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/`us nttps?//jrupda .grm/prgokit/`uscekssWrkspgescv cekssWrkspgescvkWtnkbk kWtnkbk nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/bua nttps?//jrupda .grm/prgokit/buatcpurpgskWzybpn tcpurpgskWzybpngecksWtnkbk gecksWtnkbk nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/tnk nttps?//jrupda .grm/prgokit/tnkigbpdeyWrkspges igbpdeyWrkspgescvkWtnkbk cvkWtnkbk nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/sgl nttps?//jrupda .grm/prgokit/sgltwdrkWrkspgescv twdrkWrkspgescvkWtnkbk kWtnkbk nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/`ag nttps?//jrupda .grm/prgokit/`agmgeWrkspgescvkW mgeWrkspgescvkWtnkbk tnkbk
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
:.:.< :.:.<
Idpº Idp ºĴtuag Ĵtua g :. \csˑ dg dg mkrda mkrd a jg Jrupda Jrup da
Zkbds kbds pdrd pdrd d cetkr cetkrldi ldik k jk djbcec djbcecstr strd¾ d¾ iˑ dg
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/kb .grm/prgokit/kb`kr `kr • nttps?//jrupda
gjuag Edv`dr prgvˌk ubd egvd egvd `drrd djbcecstrdtcvd, kb su`stctuc¾iˑ iˑdg d g dgs bºgjuags gjuags ’ G bºgjuag Zgga`dr k Gvkrady, quk ircd ub db`cketk djbcecstrdtcvg bgjkreg qudejg usdjg kb igeouetg igb g tkbd Kb`kr. gjuag Kb`kr Yuppgrt lgrekik kstcags djcicgedcs pdrd g tkbd Kb`kr kxc`cr igrrk’ G bºgjuag tdbketk tkads lgrekicjds pkags bº gjuags gjuags Xdekas k \ckws.
• nttps?//jrupda dg)6 )6 nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/ru .grm/prgokit/ru`cf `cf (jkpkejk jg tkbd Zdg • nttps?//jrupda tkbd Pu`cf)6 )6 nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/iu .grm/prgokit/iu`k `k (jkpkejk jg tkbd Pu`cf • nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/dj .grm/prgokit/djbcecbdaWtnkbk bcecbdaWtnkbk
:.:. :.:.= =
Igbp Igbprd rdrr tkbd tkbdss
• nttp?//www.zybpngecks.igb/jrupda-prkbcub-tnkbk • nttps?//www.tnkbk`rdce.igb • nttps?//www.tk nttps?//www.tkbpadtkbgestkr.i bpadtkbgestkr.igb/jrupda-tnkbks.pnp gb/jrupda-tnkbks.pnp • nttps?//djdptc nttps?//djdptcvktnkbks.igb/pr vktnkbks.igb/prgokit/tnkbks gokit/tnkbks • nttps?//tnkbkl nttps?//tnkbklgrkst.ekt/idtkm grkst.ekt/idtkmgry/ibs-tnkbks/jrupda gry/ibs-tnkbks/jrupda nttp?//www.bgrktndetnkbks.igb ktndetnkbks.igb/jrupda-tnkbks/prkbcub /jrupda-tnkbks/prkbcub • nttp?//www.bgr ’ nttp?//jkbg.bg nttp?//jkbg.bgrktndetnkbks.igb rktndetnkbks.igb/ketkrprcskpaus /ketkrprcskpaus>/jklduat/ >/jklduat/ ’ nttp?//jkbg.bg nttp?//jkbg.bgrktndetnkbks.igb rktndetnkbks.igb/incquk/`auk/ /incquk/`auk/
:.;
Xkssgds
Gp¾iˑ idg ˑdg quk pkrbctk d ircd¾iˑ idg dˑg jd usuºdrcgs drcgs k pdpºkcs kcs (rgaks), `kb igbg dssgicd¾iˑ iˑdg d g jk usuºdrcgs drcgs k pkrbcssˑgks gks dgs pdpºkcs. kcs .
:.;. :.;.4 4
Xkrb krbcssˑ cssˑ gks gks
gks gks sˑdg Ds pkrbcssˑ dg lgrekicjds pgr idjd bº gjuag, gjuag, jkvkejg skr igeikjcjds igeikjcjds d pdpº kcs, kcs, quk pgr sud vkz sˑdg dg vceiuadjgs dgs usuºdrcgs. drcgs. • [PA? /djbce/pkgpak/pkrbcss /djbce/pkgpak/pkrbcsscges cges • Dtcvcjdjks? gks lgrekicjds pgr idjd bº gjuag6 gjuag6 ’ acstdr pkrbcssˑgks ’ acstdr pkrbcssˑgks gks dssgicdjds d idjd pdpka6 ’ acstdr pkrbcssˑgks gks pgr tcpg jk igetkº ujg ujg (igesuatdr bº gjuag gjuag Egjk)6 ’ igeikrjkr pkrbcssˑ dg –[sk skdrin– pdrd usuº dg drcgs dutketcidjgs k usuº drcgs drcgs drcgs eˑdg dg dutketcidjgs. dutketcidjgs. G `agig Ykdrin lgrb ºk lgrekicjg lgrek icjg pkag pka g bº gjuag gjuag Ykdrin, quk ldz pdrtk jg eº uiakg uiakg jg Jrupda. \krcfflquk quk dpksdr jkstk `agig kstdr dssgicdjg d ubd rkmcˑ dg, dg, kak sºg ºk kxc`cjg kxc`cj g qudejg qudej g g usuºdrcg drcg igb pkrbcssˑdg dg jk djbcecstrdjgr kstº d dutketcidjg. dutketcidjg.
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp ºĴtuag Ĵtua g :. \csˑ dg dg mkrda mkrd a jg Jrupda Jrup da
Igesuatk g igeouetg jk pkrbcssˑ gks g ks quk sˑdg dg cbpakbketdjds pgr idjd bº gjuag gjuag kb Xkssgds -5 Xkrbcssˑ gks k k cjketcfflquk cjketcfflquk d acstd jk pkrbcssˑ gks gks lgrekicjds pkag bº gjuag gjuag Ykdrin. Dtcvk d pkrbc pk rbcssˑ ssˑdg dg [sk drcgs drcgs dutketcidjgs k eˑ dg dutketcidjgs, jkegbcedjgs deˌ dg gecbgs, gecbgs, pgssdb utcaczdr skdrin pdrd quk usuº g `agig Ykdrin lgrb .
:.;.0 :.;. 0
Xdpº kcs kcs
Gs pd dg g kag quk acmdb ds pkrbcssˑ gks gks lgrekicjds pkags bº gjuags gjuags dgs usuº drcgs. drcgs. Nºd trˌks pdpºkcs pdpº kcs sˑdg prºk-kxcs k-k xcstket tketks? ks? usuº usudrcgs dºrcgs eˑdg dg dutketcidjgs (usuº drcg drc g deˌgecbg) gec bg),, usuº u suºdrcgs drcgs dutketcidjgs k djbcecstrdjgrks.
• [PA? /djbce/pkgpak/pkrbcss /djbce/pkgpak/pkrbcsscges/rg cges/rgaks aks • Dtcvcjdjks? ’ irc i rcdr dr pdpº pd pºkcs6 kc s6 ’ acstdr pkrbcssˑgks gks dssgicdjds d jktkrbcedjg pdpka6 ’ dssgicdr pkrbcssˑgks gks d ub pdpka6 ’ dssgicdr pkrbcssˑdg dg d pdpka pgr tcpg jk igetkº ujg ujg (ircdr, kjctdr, kti)6
:.;.9
[suº drcgs drcgs
us uº drcgs pgjkb skr ircdjgs agidabketk gu cetkmrdjgs pgr bkcg jg prgtgigag AJDX. Gs usu • [PA? /djbce/pkgpak • Dtcvcjdjks? drcgs igb stdtus, stdtu s, pdpºkcs kcs dtrc`u dtrc` uºĴjgs k jdtd jg uatcbg º dikssg6 ’ acstdr usuºdrcgs ’ ircdr egvg k kjctdr usuº drcg (egbk, skend, stdtus, cbdmkb, kti)6 drcg ’ dssgicdr usuºdrcgs drc gs d pdpºkcs6 kcs 6
:.<
Igefflm gefflmur urd¾ d¾ iˑ igks g ˑks
igks g ˑks jcspg Ds igefflmurd¾iˑ j cspge eºĴvkcs cecicdabketk cecicd abketk sˑdg dg rklkrketks dgs bº gjuags gjuags quk igbpˑ gk g k g eº uiakg uiakg jg Jrupda. D cestdad¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk egvgs bºgjuags gjuags igbubketk djcicged egvds gp¾iˑ iˑgks gks jk igefflmurd¾iˑ idg. dˑg. • [PA? /djbce/igefflm
:.<.4 .<.4
Ircd rcd¾iˑ iˑ dg dg jk igetk igetkº ujg u º jg ← Lgrbdtgs jk tkxtg
Gs lgrbdtgs jk tkxtg rkstrcemkb d ketrdjd jk jdjgs egs idbpgs jg tcpg tkxtg agemg.
• [PA? /djbce/igefflm/igetket/lgrbdts • Dtcvcjdjks? ’ kjctk g lgrbdtg jk tkxtg Lcatkrkj NZBA6 ’ jkffled g egbk pdrd? Zkxtg igb lgrbdtd¾iˑ dg6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp ºĴtuag Ĵtua g :. \csˑ dg dg mkrda mkrd a jg Jrupda Jrup da
’ igefflmurk ds tdms NZBA pkrbctcjds6 ∝ 1d 5 1kb 5 1strgem 5 1ictk 5 1`agifqugtk 5 1igjk 5 1ua 5 1ga 5 1ac 5 1ja 5 1jt 5 1jj 5 1nr 5 1n4 5 1n0 5 1n9 5 1p 5 1su` 5 1sup 5 1s 5 1u 5 1cbm 56 ’ jksd`cactk pdrd g usuºdrcg drcg deˌgecbg, gec bg, sk pgss pg ssººĴvka6
:.<.0 :.<. 0
BºĴjcd Ĵjc d ← Kstcags jk cbdmkes
Gs kstcags jk cbdmkes pkrbctkb rkdaczdr trdeslgrbd¾iˑ iˑgks, gks, igbg ksidadr, igrtdr, rgtdicgedr gu jkssdturdr gs idbpgs jk cbdmkb, skod pdrd dprksketd¾iˑ idg dˑg jg igetkº ujg ujg (egjk) qudetg kb \ckws.
• [PA? /djbce/igefflm/bkjcd/cbdmk-styaks • Dtcvcjdjks? ’ djcicgek g egvg kstcag jk cbdmkb [skr (w408)6 ’ djcicgek g klkctg Ksidad k jkffled d adrmurd pdrd 408 pcxkas6 ’ djcicgek g egvg kstcag jk cbdmkb Ksadcjk (=0
:.<. :.<.9 9
Xkssg kssgds ds ← Gp¾ iˑ igks g ˑks jd igetd
/djbce/igefflm/pkgpak/diigue /diiguets ts • [PA? /djbce/igefflm/pkgpak • Dtcvcjdjks?
’ igefflmurk g rkmcstrg jk egvds igetds sgbketk pgr djbcecstrdjgrks6 iˑdg dg sg` igetkº ujg ujg jk ub usuºdrcg drcg rkbgvcjg6 ’ igefflmurk d d¾iˑ grcg pdrd drbdzkedbketg jd lgtg jk pkrffla pdrd cbdmks/uskr6 ’ jkffled g jcrktºgrcg ’ jkffled cbdmkb pdjrˑdg dg jg pkrffla jg usuº drcg6 drcg6 ’ skakicgek g kstcag jk cbdmkb [skr (w408)6 ’ jkffled gs bgjkags jk k-bdcas jk datkrd¾iˑ idg dˑg jd igetd6 ’ djcicgek egvgs idbpgs dg usuº drcg, drcg, igbg tkaklgek, sk¾iˑ idg ˑdg jk trd`dang, kti6 Gs egvgs idbpgs djcicgedjgs dh igetd jg usuº drcg drcg pgjkrˑdg dg skr sceirgeczdjgs sceirgeczdjgs d pdrtcr jk ubd `dsk AJDX.
:.<. :.<.: :
Pkmc Pkmcge geda da k Cj Cjcg cgbd bd
/djbce/igefflm/rkmcgeda geda • [PA? /djbce/igefflm/rkmc
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp ºĴtuag Ĵtua g :. \csˑ dg dg mkrda mkrd a jg Jrupda Jrup da
• Dtcvcjdjks? ’ igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks rkmcgedcs? jkffled g lusg ngrº drcg6 drcg6 ’ igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks rkmcgedcs? jksdtcvk igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg pkag usuº drcg drcg jg lusg ngrº drcg drcg (gpicgeda)6 jcd/bˌks/deg6 ks/deg6 ’ jdtd k ngrd? jkffled g lgrbdtg jk jdtd pdrd jcd/bˌ
:.<. :.<.; ;
Ycst Ycstkb kbd d ← Celgrbd¾iˑ iˑ dg dg jg sctk ct k
• [PA? /djbce/igefflm/systkb/sctk-celgrbdtcge • Dtcvcjdjks? ’ jkffled g egbk jg sctk quk ºk dprksketdjg eg tºĴtuag jd odekad jg edvkmdjgr6 ’ jkffled g rkbktketk jgs k-bdcas kevcdjgs pkag scstkbd6 ’ jkffled d [PA cetkred utcaczdjd igbg pº dmced dmced cecicda ( lrget ( lrget pdm pdmk k )6 )6 ’ jkffled d [PA cetkred pdrd pºdmced dmced jk dikssg ekmdjg (:89)6 dmced eˑ dg dg keigetrdjd (:8:)6 ’ jkffled d [PA cetkred pdrd pºdmced
:.<.< :.<.<
Jkske Jkskev vgavcb gavcbke ketg tg ← Jkskbpkeng
• [PA? /djbce/igefflm/jkvkagpbket/pkrlgrbdeik • Dtcvcjdjks? ’ dtcvk d idink jk pº dmceds dmceds pdrd usuº drcgs drcgs deˌgecbgs6 gecbgs6 ’ dtcvk d idink jk `agig6 ’ jkffled g tkbpg tk bpg bºĴecbg jk vcjd jg idink? 4 bceutg6 ’ dmrupk drqucvgs IYY6 ’ dmrupk drqucvgs OdvdYircpt6 Dcejd Dcejd quk skod jkfflecjg jkfflecjg g tkbpg bº bºĴecbg Ĵecbg jk vcjd vcjd jg idink, idink, kstk sº g skrº d rkircdjg sk nguvkr damubd datkrd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk igetkº ujg ujg eg sctk.
:.=
Pkadtgrcgs g ºrcgs
• [PA? /djbce/rkpgrts ’ Pkadtºgrcg grcg jk celgrbd¾iˑ igks gˑks jd padtdlgrbd6 dg jg Jrupda6 ∝ cjketcfflidr vkrsˑdg dg jg dpdink, pnp k jdtd`dsk6 ∝ cjketcfflidr vkrsˑdg grcg jk dtudaczd¾iˑ iˑgks gks jcspge jcsp geººĴvkcs (igrk k bº gjuags)6 gjuags)6 ’ Pkadtºgrcg grcg jk bkesdmkes jk agm6 ’ Pkadtºgrcg ’ Pkadtºgrcg grcg jk rkqucsc¾iˑ igks gˑks jk dikssg ekmdjg (krrg :89)6 ’ Pkadtºgrcg grcg jk rkqucsc¾iˑ igks gˑks jk pºdmced dmced eˑdg dg keigetrdjd (krrg :8:)6 ’ Pkadtºgrcg grcg igb `c`acgtkids OdvdYircpt cestdadjds (lgrekicjg pkag bº gjuag gjuag Ac`rdrcks)6 ’ Pkadtºgrcg grcg igb acstd jk idbpgs ( fflkaj ( fflkaj acst )6 )6 ujg ujg kb quk sˑ dg dg utcaczdjgs6 ∝ dprksketd gs idbpgs cejkxdjgs pkags tcpgs jk igetkº ’ Pkadtºgrcg grcg jk tkrbgs utcaczdjgs ed pksqucsd6 ∝ dprksketd gs tkrbgs utcaczdjgs kb pksqucsds6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp ºĴtuag Ĵtua g :. \csˑ dg dg mkrda mkrd a jg Jrupda Jrup da
grcg jk vkrcfflid¾iˑ igks gˑks jk skmurde¾id id (lgrekicjg pkag bº gjuag gjuag Ykiurcty Pkvckw )6 ’ Pkadtºgrcg grcg jk igb idtºdagmg dagmg jds \ckws (lgrekicjg pkag bº gjuag gjuag \ckws)6 ’ Pkadtºgrcg ∝ dprksketd ds \ckws cejkxdjds pgr rkiursg quk idjd ubd utcaczd6
IDXºCZ[AG
;
Bº gjua gjuags gs jg Jrup Jrupda da • Xksqucsd k ºĴejcik Ĵejcik jk bº gjuags gjuags nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/usd .grm/prgokit/usdmk mk ’ nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/prg .grm/prgokit/prgokitWbgjuak okitWbgjuak ’ nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/prg .grm/prgokit/prgokitWbgjuak/cej okitWbgjuak/cejkx kx ’ nttps?//jrupda
;.4 ;.4. ;.4.4 4
Ykmurde¾id id Pkst Pkstrc rcit it `y CX
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/rk .grm/prgokit/rkstrcitW`yWcp strcitW`yWcp • Lue¾iˑ dg? rkstrcemk d dutketcid¾iˑ idg, dˑg, d pdrtcr jg CX jk grcmkb, pgr usuº drcg drcg gu pdpka6 • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/pkgpak/rkstrcit `y cp idg dˑg pdrd rkstrcemcr d dutketcid¾iˑ idg dˑg jk tgjgs gs usuº drcgs6 drcgs6 ’ cjketcfflquk d gp¾iˑ idg dˑg pdrd rkstrcemcr d dutketcid¾iˑ idg dˑg jk ub usuºdrcg6 drcg6 ’ cjketcfflquk d gp¾iˑ ’ cjketcfflquk d gp¾iˑ idg dˑg pdrd rkstrcemcr d dutketcid¾iˑ idg dˑg jgs usuºdrcgs drcgs quk pgssukb ub pdpka6 Dtketk pdrd g ldtg jk quk d utcaczd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk ub skrvcjgr prgxy eg edvkmdjgr ldz igb quk g CX jk igekxˑ dg dg Jrupda skod g CX jg prgxy. Detks jk rkstrcemcr g dikssg jgs usuº dg drcgs drcgs djbcecstrdjgrks, ikrtcfflquk-sk jk idjdstrdr d kxik¾iˑ iˑdg dg dg prgxy eds igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑgks gks jg edvkmdjgr. \krcfflquk g CX jd igekxˑ dg cjketcfflidjg pkag Jrupda, kak kstdrº dg d eg tgpg jd tkad Pkstrcit Agmce @y CX? ‒Sgur iurrket CX djjrkss cs 430.4<>.8.3:‒.
;.4. ;.4.0 0
Idpt Idptiind
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/id .grm/prgokit/idptind ptind • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda iˑdg6 dg6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? cbpakbketd jksdfflg jk dutketcid¾iˑ /djbce/igefflm/pkgpak/idpti /idptind nd • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/pkgpak
’ nd`cactk gs bºgjuags gjuags IDXZIND k Cbdmk IDXZIND 6 ’ datkrk g tcpg jk jksdfflg pdjrˑ dg dg pdrd Cbdmk6 iˑdg dg pdrd jclkrkeicdr aktrds bceº usiuads usiuads k bdcº usiuads? usiuads? Idsk skesctcvk vdacjdtcge6 ’ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ drcg drcg g bgtcvg jg IDXZIND6 ’ jkffled d bkesdmkb (dikctd NZBA) kxpacidejg dg usuº grcds pdrd jksig`rcr d sud6 grcds ∝ G jksdfflg kvctd quk prgmrdbdjgrks tkstkb skends dakdtº ∝ [sk aktrds bdcºusiuads usiuads k bceº usiuads igelgrbk d cbdmkb6 usiuads G bºgjuag gjuag IDXZIND Dltkr pkrbctk quk g Idptind skod dtcvdjd sgbketk dpº gs gs jktkrbcedjg jktkrbcedjg eºubkrg ubkrg jk ldands jk dutketcid¾iˑ iˑdg, dg, pgr skssˑdg, dg, pgr CX gu eg tgtda, jketrg jk 4 ngrd.
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
;.4. ;.4.9 9
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
Laggj Laggj ige igetrga trga
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/la .grm/prgokit/laggjWigetrga ggjWigetrga • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda iˑdg6 dg6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? cetkrldik pdrd igetrgadr acbctks jk ldand jk dutketcid¾iˑ /djbce/igefflm/systkb/ffggj-ige stkb/ffggj-igetrga trga • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/sy
idg ˑdg pdrd g CX jk rkqucsc¾iˑ iˑdg dg V;8R6 ’ igefflmurk acbctk pdrd ldands jk dutketcid¾iˑ iˑ igks gˑks jkstk CX skrˑ dg dg rkokctdjds V4nR6 ’ igefflmurk d odekad jk tkbpg quk dutketcid¾ iˑdg dg pdrd g usuºdrcg drcg V;R6 ’ igefflmurk acbctk pdrd ldands jk dutketcid¾iˑ iˑ igks gˑks jkstk usuº drcg drcg skrˑ dg dg rkokctdjds V
;.4. ;.4.: :
Laggj Laggj [e`a [e`agi gif f
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/la .grm/prgokit/laggjWue`agif ggjWue`agif • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda cetkrldik pdrd acstdr acstdr k jks`agqukdr CXs k usuº drcgs `agqukdjgs pgr ldand jk dutketcid¾ iˑ idg6 dˑg6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? cetkrldik /djbce/igefflm/systkb/ffggj-ue stkb/ffggj-ue`agif `agif • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/sy
ubkrg jk tketdtcvds bda suikjcjds jk dutketcid¾iˑ ubkrg idg6 dˑg6 ’ acstdr eº drcg drcg gu CX6 ’ jks`agqukdr usuº G bºgjuag gjuag Laggj ue`agif Ykrvciks lgrekik ubd cetkrldik PKYZ, d pdtcr jd DXC prgvcjd pkag bºgjuag gjuag Ykrvciks, pdrd d cetkmrd¾iˑ idg ˑdg igb gutrds dpacid¾iˑ iˑgks gks jg mkrkeicdbketg jg jks`agqukcg jk CXs k usuºdrcgs drcgs jkigrrketks jk ldands jk dutketcid¾ iˑ idg. dˑg. Dsscb, Dsscb, g rklkrcjg rklkrcjg bº gjuag gjuag sº g ekikssctd skr dtcvdjg pdrd kstk idsg.
;.4. ;.4.; ;
Ykiu Ykiurc rctty Pkvc Pkvckw kw
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/sk .grm/prgokit/skiurctyWrkvckw iurctyWrkvckw • Lue¾iˑ dg? lgrekik ub rkadtº grcg grcg igb inkifacst igb inkifacst jk jk vkrcfflid¾iˑ iˑgks gks jk skmurde¾id6 id6 • [sg? /djbce/rkpgrts/skiur /djbce/rkpgrts/skiurctycty-rkvckw rkvckw ’ dikssk g rkadtº grcg grcg Ykiurcty rkvckw6 ’ kxkiutk g inkifacst g inkifacst 6
;.4. ;.4.< <
Dpdi Dpdink nk Agm Agm
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/dp .grm/prgokit/dpdinkagm dinkagm • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda dg? djcicged vdrcºdvka dvka %{Jrupda[CJ}e dg Dpdink pdrd agmdr g [CJ jg usuº drcg6 drcg6 • Lue¾iˑ • [sg? /djbce/rkpgrts/skiur /djbce/rkpgrts/skiurctycty-rkvckw rkvckw
idg dˑg AgmLgrbdt jg Dpdink6 ’ igefflmurk d gp¾iˑ
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
’ su`stctud %u pgr %{Jrupda[CJ}e6 G bºgjuag gjuag Dpdink Agm eˑdg dg ºk igefflmu ige fflmurº rº d vka k kevcd pdrd g agm dpkeds g [CJ jg usuºdrcg dvka drcg eg Jrupda. Idsg jkskok agmdr g egbk jg usuº drcg gu g kbdca, pgjk-sk ircdr ub bºgjuag drcg gjuag jkrcvdjg d pdrtcr jg bºgjuag gjuag sctks/daa/bgjuaks/dpdinkagm, ldzkejg gs doustks ekikssº drcgs? drcgs? grcg jg bºgjuag? gjuag? dpdinkagm iustgb6 • egbk jg jcrktºgrcg gjuag? dpdinkagm iustgb.celg k dpdinkagm iustgb.bgjuak6 • egbk jgs drqucvgs jg bºgjuag? iˑdg dg jg drqucvg .bgjuak? .bgju ak? dpdinkagm iustgb kxct()6 • egbk jd lue¾iˑ Idsg ds datkrd¾iˑ igks gˑks skodb rkdaczdjds eg prºgprcg gprcg bº gjuag gjuag Dpdink Agm, ubd dtudaczd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jkstk bºgjuag gjuag crº d jksldzkr kstd datkrd¾iˑ iˑdg, dg, ketrktdejg ketrkt dejg ºk pgu pguig ig prgvº dvka dvka quk skod dtudaczdjg, pgcs kak igetºkb kb dpkeds ub lue¾iˑ idg dˑg scbpaks. 4 0 9 : ; < = > 3
lueitcge lueitcge dpdinkag dpdinkagmWius mWiustgbWk tgbWkxct( xct() ) { cl (lueitcgeW (lueitcgeWkxcst kxcsts(–dp s(–dpdink dinkWegt Wegtk–)) k–)) { mag`da mag`da $uskr6 $uskr6 cl (csskt($uskr-5bdca)) (csskt($uskr-5bdca)) dpdinkWegtk(–Jrupda[CJ–, dpdinkWegtk(–Jrupda[CJ–, $uskr-5bdca)6 kask dpdinkWegtk(–Jrupda[CJ–, dpdinkWegtk(–Jrupda[CJ–, –egek–)6 } }
AgmLgr AgmLgrbdt bdt "%n %a %{Jrup %{Jrupda[ da[CJ} CJ}e e %t Q"%rQ" Q"%rQ" %5s %G Q"%{Pk Q"%{Pklkr lkrkr} kr}cQ" cQ" Q"%{[skr-Dmket}cQ"" Q"%{[skr-Dmket}cQ"" igb`cekj-jrupda igb`cekj-jrupda IustgbAgm ${DXDINKWAGMWJCP}/diikss.agm ${DXDINKWAGMWJCP}/diikss.agm igb`cekj-jrupda
;.0 ;.0 ;.0. ;.0.4 4
Djbc Djbcec ecst strd rd¾i¾ˑ dg Agida Agidacz czdt dtcg cge e upjdtk upjdtk
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/a4 .grm/prgokit/a48eWupjdtk 8eWupjdtk • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda pdrd jgweagdj jd jd trdju¾iˑ idg ˑdg jd cetkrldik wk`6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? cbpakbketd g bkidecsbg pdrd jgweagdj • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/rkmcgeda/ademudmk VPkmcgeda dej ademudmk ← AdemudmksR6
’ nd`cactk g bºgjuag gjuag Agidaczdtcge upjdtk6 d jcicge cgekk d aºĴemud Ĵem ud Xgrtumuksk, ’ djci Xgrtumuk sk, @rdz @rdzca ca (Xgrtumuˌ (Xgrtu muˌ ks) ks) 6 r kgrjke jkekk d aºĴemud Ĵem ud Xgrt ’ rkgr Xgrtumuk umuksk, sk, @rdz @rdzca ca (Xgrtumuˌ (Xgrtu muˌ ks) ks) pdrd icbd6 idg6 dˑg6 ’ sdavk d igefflmurd¾iˑ j kffled ed d aºĴemud Ĵem ud Xgrtumuksk, dg6 dg6 ’ jkffl Xgrtumuk sk, @rdz @rdzca ca (Xgrtumuˌ (Xgrt umuˌks) ks) igbg pdjrˑ idg6 dˑg6 ’ sdavk d igefflmurd¾iˑ G bºgjuag gjuag Agidaczdtcge upjdtk eˑdg dg ºk ekikss eki kssººdrcg drc g kb ubd cestda ces tdad¾ d¾iˑ idg dˑg prº gprcd, gprcd, pgcs g drqucvg jk trdju¾iˑ iˑdg dg ºk g`tcjg, drbdzkedjg kb prgfflaks/stdejdrj/trdesadtcges k idrrkmdjg pdrd g `deig jk jdjgs pkag cestdadjgr, bds ºk utca uºtca pdrd cestˌdeicds deicd s ircdjds ir cdjds eg nttp?//scbpaytk nttp?//scbpaytkst.bk st.bk .
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
G bºgjuag gjuag Agidak, quk ºk jkpkejˌ keicd keicd jg bº gjuag gjuag Agidaczd Agidaczdtcg tcge e upjdtk upjdtk, mkrd ub gvkrnkdj gvkrnkdj jk jk ;8% ;8% ed qude qudetc tcjd jdjk jk jk iges igesua uatd tds. s. Kb mrde mrdejk jkss prgok prgoktg tgs, s, ºk rkig rkig-bkejºdvka dvka bdetkr d cetkrldik cetkrldik kb cemaˌ cemaˌks ks k eˑ dg dg nd`cactdr kstks bºgjua g juags. gs. Ig Iges esua uatk tk d gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg ‒$igelV–agidak iustgb strcems ke–R‒eg skttcems.pnp pdrd trdjuzcr trdj uzcr ctkes kspki ksp kiººĴffligs. Ĵffligs .
;.0. ;.0.0 0
Bdsq Bdsquk ukrd rdjk jk
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/bd .grm/prgokit/bdsqukrdjk squkrdjk • Lue¾iˑ dg? pkrbctk scbuadr g agmce g agmce igbg igbg gutrg usuº drcg6 drcg6 • [sg? ’ nd`cactk g `agig Bdsqukrdjk kb ubd rkmcˑdg6 dg6 ’ utcaczk g `agig Bdsqukrdjk pdrd cejcidr g usuºdrcg6 drcg6 ’ usk d gp¾iˑ idg dˑg Ywctin `dif pdrd rktgredr dg usuº drcg drcg djbcecstrdjgr6 djbcecstrdjgr6
;.0. ;.0.9 9
Agmc Agmce e jkst jkstce cedt dtcg cge e
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/ag .grm/prgokit/agmceWjkstcedtcge mceWjkstcedtcge • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda • Lue¾iˑ dg? pkrbctk ircdr rkmrds pdrd rkjcrkicgedbketg dpº gs gs agmce gu agmgut6 /djbce/igefflm/pkgpak/agmce/agmce-jkstcedt jkstcedtcge cge • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/pkgpak
drcgs dutketcidjgs pdrd d pº drcgs dmced dmced cecicda6 cecicda6 ’ djcicgek ubd rkmrd pdrd rkjcrkicgedr usuº
;.0.: .0.:
Jkvka kvka
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/jk .grm/prgokit/jkvka vka • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda idg dˑg pdrd g jkskevgavkjgr jk bº gjuags, agm jk igesuatds k dtdangs. gjuags, • Lue¾iˑ dg? rkiursgs jk jkpurd¾iˑ • [sg?
gjuag Jkvka6 ’ nd`cactk g bºgjuag dg Ykmuejd `drrd adtkrda 6 ’ vceiuak g `agig Jkskevgavcbketg hd rkmcˑdg ’ dikssk g ctkb Jkvka skttcems jg bkeu Jkskevgavcbketg6 igks gˑks –Jcspady qukry agm– pdrd kxc`cr gs YTAs rkdaczdjgs6 ’ nd`cactk ds gp¾iˑ idg dˑg kb kxkiu¾iˑ idg6 dˑg6 ’ grjkek gs YTAs pgr tkbpg jk jurd¾iˑ igks gˑks –Jcspady pdmk tcbkr– k –Jcspady bkbgry usdmk–6 ’ nd`cactk ds gp¾iˑ Jurdetk g jkskevgavcbketg jkskevgavcbketg jk tkbds ºk ekikssº drcg drcg usdr d gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg Acbpdr idink, jg bkeu Jkskevgavcbketg, d idjd datkrd¾iˑ idg dˑg jgs drqucvgs jg tkbd. Igbg datkredtcv datkredtcvd d cstg, nd`cactk, nd`cactk, tkbpgrdrcdbketk, d gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg Pk`ucaj tnk tnkbk rkmcstry ge kvkry pdmk agdj kb Jkvka skttcems.
Jkvka mkekrdtk • Lue¾iˑ dg? mkrd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk igetkº ujg, ujg, jk bkeus, jk usuºdrcgs, drcgs, jk tdxgegbcds k tkrbgs. • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/jkvkagpbket ’ nd`cactk bºgjuag gjuag Jkvka mkekrdtk 6 ’ mkrdr igetkº ujg ujg kb Igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks ⇐ Jkskevgavcbketg Jkskevgavcbketg ⇐ Mkekrdtk igetket6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
Jkvka egjk diikss idg dˑg jk dutgrczd¾ dutgrczdiˑ i¾gks gˑks (pkrbcss (p krbcssˑ gˑks pdrd akr, kjctdr k dpdmdr igetkº gks ujg). ujg). • Lue¾iˑ dg? rkiursgs jk jkpurd¾iˑ • [sg? gjuag Jkvka egjk diikss 6 ’ nd`cactk g bºgjuag dg P ’ vceiuak g `agig Jkvka Egjk Diikss `y [skr dh rkmcˑdg Pg g jdpºk6 ’ dikssk ub igetkº ujg k cjketcfflquk ds celgrbd¾iˑ ujg igks ˑgks jk pkrbcssˑdg6 dg6 \krcfflquk quk kstk bºgjuag gjuag djcicged g ctkb Egjk diikss subbdry dg bkeu Jkskevgavcbketg.
;.0.; ;.0.;
Djbcec Djbcecstr strdtc dtcge ge Bkeu Bkeu
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/dj .grm/prgokit/djbceWbkeu bceWbkeu • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda jk jrgp-jgwe 6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? lgrekik ubd `drrd djbcecstrdtcvd igb idpdicjdjk jk jrgp-jgwe • [sg?
gjuag Zgga`dr quk prgvˌ k d `drrd djbcecstrdtcvd pdjrˑ dg6 dg6 ’ jksd`cactk g bºgjuag gjuag Gvkrady pdrd jksdtcvdr g usg jk bgjda (gpicgeda)6 ’ jksd`cactk g bºgjuag gjuags Djbcecstrdtcge bkeu k Djbcecstrdtcge bkeu Zgga`dr styak 6 ’ nd`cactk gs bºgjuags G bºgjuag gjuag Djbce Bkeu bkangrd d kfflicˌkeicd keicd jg j g jkskevgavcbketg igb g Jrupda Jrupd a pgrquk p grquk lgrekik lg rekik dikssg ds dhs lue¾iˑ iˑgks gks djbcecstrdtcvds djbcecstr dtcvds pgr bkcg jk ub bkeu buatceº buatceºĴvka, rkjuzcejg kb buctgs iacquks idjd gpkrd¾iˑ iˑdg dg qudejg igbpdrdjg dg bkeu pdjrˑ dg dg prgvcjg pkag bºgjuag gjuag Zgga`dr. Ketrktdetg, dpº g s g prgoktg ketrdr kb prgju¾iˑ gs idg, ˑdg, tkb-sk juds acbctd¾iˑ iˑgks? g ks? g bº gjuag gjuag Djbce Bkeu eˑdg dg ºk rkspg rks pgesc escvg, vg, skejg ske jg jclºĴica Ĵic a jk j k usºd-ag d-ag pgr bkcg jk jcspgsctcvgs jk bkegr rksgau¾iˑ idg, dˑg, k eˑdg ºk ig`krtg pkad pgaº pgaºĴtcid jk skmurde¾id id jg Jrupda. Xgr cssg, pdrkik skr prujketk eˑ dg dg utcaczºd-ag d-ag kb prgju¾iˑ idg dˑg gu, kb vkz jk rktgredr dg bº gjuag gjuag pdjrˑdg dg Zgga`dr, su`stctu su`st ctuººĴ-ag pkag pka g bºgjuag Edv`dr gjuag Edv`dr,, ubd datkredtcvd quk dpksdr jk pgssucr ub bkeu igb bkegr bk egr prgluejcjdjk p rgluejcjdjk tkb d vdetdmkb vdetdmkb jk skr sk r rkspgescvg rk spgescvg k igbpdtº igbpdtºĴvka igb sbdrtpngeks igb sbdrtpngeks .
;.0. ;.0.< <
Edv` Ed v`dr dr
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/ed .grm/prgokit/edv`dr v`dr • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? Ac`rdrcks, Ac`rdrcks, @dif`gek ac`rdry, ac`rdry, [ejkrsigrk ac`rdry, ac`rdry, Bgjkreczr ac`rdry. ac`rdry. • Lue¾iˑ dg? lgrekik ubd `drrd djbcecstrdtcvd rkspgescvd6 • [sg?
’ kxtrdcd ds `c`acgtkids @dif`gek, [ejkrsigrk k Bgjkreczr kb sctks/daa/ac`rdrcks6 ’ jksd`cactk g bºgjuag gjuag Zgga`dr quk prgvˌ k d `drrd djbcecstrdtcvd pdjrˑ dg6 dg6 ’ jksd`cactk g bºgjuag gjuag Gvkrady pdrd jksdtcvdr g usg jk bgjda (gpicgeda)6 ’ nd`cactk gs bºgjuags gjuags Ac`rdrcks k Edv`dr6 G bºgjuag gjuag Ac`rdrcks lgrekik ubd DXC pdrd cetkmrd¾iˑ iˑdg dg igb `c`acgtkids OdvdYircpt, quk sˑ dg dg drbdzkedjds eg jcrktº grcg grcg sctks/daa/ac`rdrcks jg Jrupda, k jcspgec`caczd g rkadtºgrcg grcg ac`rdrcks quk igetº ig etºkb kb ds vkrsˑ vkr sˑgks gks jkssds `c`acgtkids. G rkadtº grcg grcg sºg igetkrº d celgrbd¾iˑ igks gˑks sg`rk jktkrbcedjd `c`acgtkid dpºgs gs d cestdad¾iˑ iˑdg d g jk ub bº gjuag gjuag quk d rkqucsctk. G bºgjuag gjuag Edv`dr ºk ubd u bd datkredtcvd datkr edtcvd rksp r kspgescvd gescvd dg d g bº bgjuag gºjuag Djbcecstrdtcge Bkeu.
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
;.0.= .0.=
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
AJDX
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/aj .grm/prgokit/ajdp dp • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda suctk k Ketcty DXC. DXC. • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? Indgs tggas suctk k idg dˑg k dutgrczd¾iˑ idg dˑg pgr bkcg jg prgtgigag AJDX6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? cetkmrd d dutketcid¾iˑ • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/pkgpak/ajdp
gjuag AJDX Ykrvkrs6 ’ dtcvk g bºgjuag dg dg dg skrvcjgr AJDX6 ’ igefflmurk d igekxˑ ∝ egb e gbk k jd igekx ig ekxˑ ˑ dg dg ? ajdp dj4 skjk idg? dˑg? Nd`cactdjg6 ∝ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ ∝ AJDX Ykrvkr Zypk ? #skakicgek#6 ∝ AJDX skrvkr? celgrbk g CX jg skrvcjgr AJDX6 drcg pdrd dutkeicd¾iˑ iˑdg6 dg6 ∝ JE lgr ege-degeybgus skdrin? celgrbk g JE gu usuºdrcg G[2kxdbpak,JI2 I2 ∝ @dsk @dsk JEs lgr AJDX AJDX uskrs, uskrs, mrgups mrgups,, dej gtnkr ketrcks ketrcks? G[2kxdbpak,J kxdbpak,JI2ekt6 ∝ DutnEdbk dttrc`utk ? sdbdiiguetedbk6 ∝ DiiguetEdbk dttrc`utk ? ie6 ∝ Kbdca dttrc`utk ? bdca6 ∝ Znub`edca dttrc`utk? tnub`edcapngtg6 sdbdiiguetedbk bk (usk ub dtrc`utg ∝ Xkrscstket dej [ecquk [skr CJ Dttrc`utk ? sdbdiigueted quk eˑdg dg bujk)6 ∝ Edbk gl Mrgup G`okit Iadss ? mrgup6 iˑdg? dg? Ekstkj mrgups drk uskj ce by AJDX (mrupgs jketrg jk mrupgs)6 ∝ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ iˑdg? dg? D uskr AJDX dttrc`utk suin ds bkb`krGl kxcsts tndt igetdces ∝ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ d acst gl tnkcr mrgups pdrd DitcvkJcrkitgry6 ∝ Dttrc`utk ce [skr Ketry Igetdcecem Mrgups ? bkb`krgl6 ∝ AJDX Mrgup Ketry Dttrc`utk Ngajcem [skr–s JE, IE, kti. ? bkb`kr6 ∝ [skr dttrc`utk nkaj ce –AJDX Mrgup Ketry Dttrc`utk Ngajcem...– ? je6 ∝ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ idg? dˑg? [sk AJDX Xdmcedtcge6 gjuag AJDX [skr6 ’ dtcvk g bºgjuag idg dˑg jk jdjgs jg skrvcjgr AJDX6 ’ igefflmurk d sceirgeczd¾iˑ ∝ irck ub idbpg eg pkrffla jg usuºdrcg drcg pdrd idjd dtrc`utg d skr sceirgeczdjg6 ∝ AJDX Ykrvkrs Xrgvcjcem Xrgvcscgecem Jdtd ? ajdp dj4 skjk6 ∝ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ idg? dˑg? Jcsd`ak tnk pdsswgrj fflkajs dt /djbce/irkdtk/pkgpak... 6 ∝ Xrgvcscgecem lrgb AJDX tg Jrupda Bdppcems ½ VieR? fflkaj uskr egbk 6 ½ VtkakpngekEub`krR ? fflkaj uskr tkaklgek 6 ½ VjkpdrtbketR ? fflkaj uskr uecjdjk 6 ’ dtcvk g bºgjuag gjuag AJDX Dutnketcidtcge6 idg ˑdg eg skrvcjgr AJDX6 ’ igefflmurk d dutketcid¾iˑ ∝ Daagwd`ak Dutnketcidtcges ? Geay AJDX Dutnketcidtcge Dutnketcidtcge cs daagwkj daagwkj kxikpt lgr uskr 46 ∝ Dutnketcidtcge AJDX Ykrvkr Igefflmurdtcges ? ajdp dj4 skjk6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
∝ Kbdca [pjdtk? [pjdtk stgrkj kbdca cl AJDX kbdca jckrs dt agmce `ut jge–t egtcly uskr6 ∝ Kbdca Zkbpadtk Ndejacem ? Ekvkr usk tnk tkbpadtk6 ’ dtcvk g bºgjuag gjuag AJDX Dutngrczdtcge - Jrupda Pgaks6 ’ igefflmurk d dutgrczd¾iˑ iˑdg dg pgr mrupgs jg AJDX k dssgicd¾iˑ idg dˑg d pdpºkcs kcs (rgaks)? (rgak s)? ∝ AJDX Ykrvkr uskj ce jrupda rgak igefflmurdtcge ? ajdp dj4 skjk6 ∝ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ idg? dˑg? Ked`ak tncs igefflmurdtcge 6 ∝ Bdppcem gl AJDX tg jrupda rgak (gek pkr acek) ½ IE2DjbceMrgup,G[2kxdbpak,JI2kxdbpak,JI2ekt IE2DjbceMrgup,G[2kxdbpak,JI2kxdbpak,JI2ekt||djbcecstrdtgr 6
;.0. ;.0.> >
Pkm Pkm wctn wctn Xci Xci
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/rk .grm/prgokit/rkmWwctnWpci mWwctnWpci • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda drcgs g idbpg pdrd cbdmkb jg pkrffla6 drcgs • Lue¾iˑ dg? djcicged dh cetkrldik jk rkmcstrg jk usuº
D cestdad¾iˑ idg dˑg jg bºgjuag gju ag Pkm gjuag AJ Pkm wctn wctn Xci Xci pkrbctk quk g bºgjuag AJDX DX [skr [skr sceirgeczk d cbdmkb, igbubketk jg dtrc`utg tnub`dcaXngtg, pdrd g idbpg jk cbdmkb jg pkrffla jg usuº drcg drcg eg prcbkcrg prcbkcrg agmce6
;.0. ;.0.3 3
Zd` Zdbkr dbkr
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/td .grm/prgokit/td`tdbkr `tdbkr • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda dmced jg usuºdrcg drcg k jgs egjks6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? igetrgad ds td`s jd pºdmced /djbce/igefflm/systkb/td` stkb/td`tdbkr tdbkr • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/sy
drcg drcg ed sk¾iˑ idg dˑg [YKP/%6 ’ cjketcfflquk ds td`s jg usuº drcg6 ’ jksdtcvk d td` Kjct jg usuºdrcg6 ’ acbpk d idink jg jrupda kb Jkskevgavcbketg ⇐ Jkskbpkeng6 G bºgjuag gjuag Zd` Zdbkr ºk pdrtci pdr tciuad uadrbk rbketk etk utca uºtca kb igeouetg dg bºgjuag gjuag AJDX, pgcs dg rkdaczdr d sceirgeczd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk jdjgs jg usuº drcg pgjk skr igevkecketk cec`cr d kjc¾iˑ drcg idg dˑg jg pkrffla jg usuºdrcg drcg igb d jksdtcvd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jd d`d Kjct.
;.0. ;.0.48 48
@diifup @d fup dej dej Bcmr Bcmrdt dtk k
nttps?//jrupda.grm/ da.grm/prgokit/`difu prgokit/`difup p bcmrdtk • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrup idg dˑg jk dmkejdbketg6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? kxpgrtd d jdtd`dsk k drqucvgs igb gp¾iˑ • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/systkb/`difup bcmrdtk grcg grcg prcvdjg prcvdjg jk drqucvgs drqucvgs (igefflm/bkjcd/fflak (igefflm/bkjcd/fflak-systk -systkb) b) ’ igefflmurdr jcrktº ’ sctks/jklduat/fflaks/prcvdtk6 dpcjg6 ’ rkdaczdr `difup rºdpcjg6 ’ ircdr prgfflak pdrd `difup igb agif jds td`kads k sctk gcek6 ’ ircdr dmkejdbketg pdrd `difup d idjd 9 ngrds Vusdr prgfflak jklduatR6 ’ ircdr dmkejdbketg pdrd `difup skbdeda Vusdr prgfflak igb agif jk td`kadsR6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
;.0. ;.0.44 44
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
Ige Igetkxt tkxt
nttps?//jrupda.grm/ da.grm/prgokit/igetkx prgokit/igetkxtt • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrup nttps?//jrupda.grm/p da.grm/prgokit/itggas rgokit/itggas • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? nttps?//jrup iˑgks gks djcicgedcs pdrd d vcsc`cacjdjk jgs `agigs6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? lgrekik igejc¾iˑ /djbce/struiturk/igetkx igetkxtt • [sg? /djbce/struiturk/
’ ircdr rkmrds jk igetkxtg6 iˑdg d g (kx? sk pºdmced dmced lgr 1lrget 5)6 ’ djcicgedr igejc¾iˑ iˑdg dg (kx? kxc`cr jktkrbcedjg `agig)6 ’ djcicgedr rkd¾iˑ G bºgjuag gjuag Igetkxt Igetkxtuda uda \ckw Bgjks pkrbctk g usg jds rkmrds jk igetkxtg pdrd jkfflecr g bgjg jk vcsudaczd¾ vcsudaczd¾iˑ idg dˑg (\ckw Bgjk) jg igetkº ujg, ujg, gu skod, sk skrº d kxc`cjg igbg Igetkº ujg ujg igbpaktg, Indbdjd (Zkdskr) gu damub egvg bgjg ircdjg.
;.0.40 ;.0.40
Ytrcem Ytrcem gvkrrcjk krrcjkss
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/strcemgvkrrcjks iˑdg dg jk tkxtg6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? rkmrds jk su`stctuc¾iˑ • [sg? idg dˑg kb igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑgks gks rkmcgedcs k jk cjcgbd6 ’ djcicgedr strcem pdrd su`stctuc¾iˑ
;.0.49 ;.0.49
Xdtn @rkdji @rkdjirub rub`s `s
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/pd .grm/prgokit/pdtnW`rkdjirub`s tnW`rkdjirub`s • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda suctk k Ketcty DXC. DXC. • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? Indgs tggas suctk k j k irctºkrcgs6 krcgs6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? pkrbctk jkfflecr g `rkdjirub` d pdrtcr jk • [sg? /djbce/struiturk/pdtn-`rkdjirub`s/skttcems
’ igefflmurk g skpdrdjgr jgs eºĴvkcs jg @rkdjirub`6 gtuag jd rdcz Ngbk jg @rkdjirub`6 ’ datkrk g rºgtuag idg dˑg quk dtcvd g rº gtuag gtuag rdcz6 ’ cjketcfflquk d gp¾iˑ Ircdr rkmrd jk `rkdjirub` pdrd tcpg jk igetkºujg ujg • [sg? /djbce/struiturk/pdtn-`rkdjirub`s/irkdtk ’ cjketcfflquk gejk skrºd usdjg kstk `rkdjirub`? Guvcjgrcd (Drtcmg)6 ’ usk g kejkrk¾ig ig igbg egjk/%egjk pdrd ircdr g drmubketg %egjk6 ’ iacquk kb Indemk pdrd vceiuadr g drmubketg %egjk dg vdagr Egjk? CJ6 ’ djcicg Egjk? gjk? typk? Drtcmg (Guvcjgrcd)6 d jcicgek ek g irctº i rctºkrcg krcg jk skak¾iˑ idg dˑg pdrd E ’ cjketcfflquk d gp¾iˑ idg Xrkpkej dˑg Xrkpkej Ngbk acef tg tnk `rkdjirub` pdrd djcicgedr d rdcz igefflmurdjd6 gtuags gtuags (acef tctak) k uras (acef pdtn) pdrd idjd idj d eº eºĴvka jg `rkdjirub`6 `rk djirub`6 ’ djcicgek gs rº ∝ acef tctak? Drtcmgs, acef pdtn /drtcmgs6 ∝ acef tctak? %egjk?tctak, acef pdtn 1 egek56
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
Ircdr rkmrd jk `rkdjirub` pdrd \ckws • [sg? /djbce/struiturk/pdtn-`rkdjirub`s/irkdtk ’ cjketcfflquk gejk skrºd usdjg kstk `rkdjirub`? Guvcjgrcd (\ckws)6 ig igbg guvcjgrcd/*6 ’ usk g kejkrk¾ig dg skrˑdg dg usdjgs u sdjgs drmubketgs drmu bketgs ekb irctºkrcgs6 krcgs 6 ’ eˑdg ’ cjketcfflquk d gp¾iˑ idg Xrkpkej dˑg Xrkpkej Ngbk acef tg tnk `rkdjirub` pdrd djcicgedr d rdcz igefflmurdjd6 ’ djcicgek gs rº gtuags gtuags (acef tctak) k uras (acef pdtn) pdrd idjd idj d eº eºĴvka jg `rkdjirub`6 `rk djirub`6 ∝ acef tctak? Guvcjgrcd, acef pdtn /guvcjgrcd6 ∝ acef tctak? !pdmk tctak, acef pdtn 1 egek56
;.0. ;.0.4: 4:
oTuk oTukry ry Bdp Bdp N Nca cacm cmn nt
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/oq .grm/prgokit/oqWbdpncacmnt Wbdpncacmnt • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda Ac`rdrcks, oqukry Bdp Ncacmnt paumce. paumce. • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? Ac`rdrcks, • Lue¾iˑ dg? igagrczdr bdpd jk acefs6
;.9 ;.9. ;.9.4 4
Bkeus Bke Bkeu `agi `agif f
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/bk .grm/prgokit/bkeuW`agif euW`agif • Lue¾iˑ dg? pkrbctk ircdr `agigs d pdrtcr jk ub su`bkeu6 • [sg? /djbce/struiturk/`agif/djj-bkeu-`agif ’ irck ub egvg `agig pdrd ub bkeu6 ’ skakicgek Gp¾ iˑ igks g ˑks dvde¾idjds idjds6 ’ usk ub rºgtuag gtuag djbcecstrdtcvg prkfflxdjg igb Yu`bkeu? pdrd cjketcfflidr g `agig6 ’ jkffled g eº g cecicda pdrd ub ctkb jkssk bkeu pgr bkcg jd gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg fflxkj pdrket ctkb 6 [b bkeu igbub, dg skr ircdjg kb Kstruturd ← Bkeus, tgred-s t gred-skk jcspge jcsp geººĴvka igbg i gbg ub egvg `agig quk jkvk skr dssgicdjg d ubd uecid uºecid rkmcˑ dg d g jg tkbd tkbd.. G bº gjuag gjuag Bkeu `agif pgssc`cactd quk skod ircdjg ub egvg `agig pdrd ub bkeu kxcstketk, pgjkejg skr dssgicdjg d gutrd rkmcˑ dg. dg. Kssk egvg `agig pgjk rklkrkeicdr ub eº g cetkrbkjcºdrcg drcg jg ub bkeu, `kb igbg cejcidr qudetgs eº eºĴvkcs d pdrtcr jkssk eº g jkskod-sk kxc`cr. Pkiursg `dstdetk utca uºtca pdrd ircdr bkeus igetkxtudcs pdrd d `drrd adtkrda, gu skod, pdrd jktkrbcedr igks g ˑks jk vcsc`cacjdjk, pgjk skr ub su`igeouetg jg bkeu prceicpda quk, pgr bkcg jds igefflmurd¾iˑ kxc`cjg kb jktkrbcedjds pº dmceds. dmceds. Akb`rk-sk quk, dcejd quk ub bkeu pgssud vºdrcgs drc gs eºĴvkcs, Ĵvkcs , ºk d cbpakb cbp akbketd ketd¾iˑ i¾ˑdg dg jg tkbd quk jktkrbcedrº d sk d kxc`c¾iˑ idg dˑg gigrrrkrº d kb lgrbd jrgp-jgwe lgrbd jrgp-jgwe , pdrd g bkeu prceicpda, gu pgr cejketd¾iˑ idg, ˑdg, qudejg dssgicdjg dh `drrd `drrd adtkrda adtkrda.. Yk g tkbd cbpakbke cbpakbketdr tdr ub bkeu bkeu jrgp-jgwe , kak lueicgedrº lueicgedrº d dpº gs gs d dtcvd¾iˑ idg dˑg jd gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg Kxc`cr kxpdejcjg pdrd idjd ctkb jk bkeu, idsg igetrºdrcg, drcg, skrºd ekikssº drcg drcg usdr bº gjuags gjuags igbg g Yupkrfflsn gu Ecik Bkeus .
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
;.9. ;.9.0 0
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
Bke Bkeu dttr dttrc` c`ut utks ks
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/bk .grm/prgokit/bkeuWdttrc`utks euWdttrc`utks • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda dvka gs dtrc`utgs NZBA jg ctkb jk bkeu6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? tgred igefflmurºdvka • [sg?
’ kjctk ub ctkb jk bkeu6 cjk etcfflquk gs dtrc`u d trc`utgs tgs jcspg j cspge eºĴvkcs kb BKE[ ACEF pdrd d tdm d6 ’ cjketcfflquk ∝ tctak, cj, edbk, rka, iadss, styak, tdrmkt, diikssfky6 cjk etcfflquk gs dtrc`u d trc`utgs tgs jcspg j cspge eºĴvkcs kb BKE[ CZKB pdrd d tdm ac6 ’ cjketcfflquk ∝ cj, iadss, styak6 Dg utcaczdr g dtrc`utg cj kb ub ctkb jk bkeu pgjk-sk ldicabketk skakicgeº d-ag d -ag pgr bkcg jk OdvdYircpt pdrd dpacidr damub egvg igbpgrtdbketg, qudejg sk kstcvkr jkskevgavkejg ub su`tkbd. G dtrc`utg iadss pgjk skr usdjg pdrd dpacidr ubd iadssk IYY d fflb jk jkstdidr ub jgs ctkes jg bkeu, ubd vkz quk g kstcag pdjrˑ dg jkvk skr jkfflecjg jcrktdbketk eg drqucvg IYY jg su`tkbd. dg Oºd g dtrc`utg diikssfky ºk cbpgrtde cbpgrtdetk tk pdrd dikssc` dikssc`cac cacjdjk jdjk pgcs pkrbctk pkrbctk dikssg dikssg dg ctkb ctkb kb igeouetg igb ds tkiads Dat gu Ynclt+Dat. G dtrc`utg tdrmkt igb vdagr `adef º ºk utca u º tca pdrd quk g acef g acef skod d`krtg kb ubd egvd odekad.
;.9. ;.9.9 9
Ypkic Ypkicda da bke bkeu ctkb ctkbss
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/sp .grm/prgokit/spkicdaWbkeuWctkb kicdaWbkeuWctkbs s • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda • Lue¾iˑ dg? pkrbctk d ircd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk ctkes jk bkeu skb acef gu igbg acend ngrczgetda6 • [sg?
’ kjctk ub ctkb jk bkeu6 ’ usk d tdm 1egacef 5 igbg kejkrk¾ig ig pdrd kxc`cr g ctkb skb acef6 ’ usk d tdm 1skpdrdtgr 5 igbg kejkrk¾ig ig pdrd kxc`cr ubd acend ngrczgetda6 ’ igefflmurk ds tdms ds tdms NZBA NZBA mkrdjds kb Ycstkbd ⇐ Ypkicda Bkeu Ctkbs 6 NZBA pdrd 1egacef 5? 1d nrkl2‒#‒5 (eˑdg dg ºk ekik ek ikss ssº drcg dºrcg datkrdr)6 ∝ tdm NZBA G bºgjuag gjuag Ypkicda bkeu ctkbs pkrbctk d ircd¾iˑ iˑdg d g jk ub ctkb jk bkeu skb acef skb acef , igb d tdm u º tca pdrd gs ctkes quk pgssudb su`ctkes k, pgr cssg, eˑdg dg jkvdb pgssucr acef pgssucr acef . 1egacef 5, quk pgjk skr utca Zdb`ºkb kb ºk pgss pgs sºĴvka scbuadr g dmrupdbketg dmru pdbketg jk ctkes jk bkeu jk bksbg eºĴvka, igb d ceskr¾ ceskriˑ ¾dg dg jk ub ctkb jk bkeu skb acef, igb d lue¾iˑ idg dˑg jk rºgtuag gtuag jgs ctkes su`skquketks, gu igbg ubd acend ngrczgetda quk jkacbctk g igeouetg jk ctkes, igb d tdm 1skpdrdtgr 5. Kb db`gs gs idsgs ºk ekikssº drcg drcg jkfflecr jk fflecr ub kstcag IYY quk prkskrvk prk skrvk ub vcsuda igbpdtºĴvka Ĵvka igb g tkbd utcaczdjg k jclkrkeick gs ctkes quk rgtuadb g mrupg jk ctkes jk bkeu gu g skpdrdjgr, skod pgr bkcg jg dtrc`utg iadss prgvcjg pkag bºgjuag gjuag Bkeu dttrc`utks gu igb IYY jkfflecjg jcrktdbketk pdrd d iadssk .egacef k .skpdrdtgr.
;.9. ;.9.: :
Bke Bkeu Djb Djbce ce pkr Bke Bkeu
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/bk .grm/prgokit/bkeuWdjbceWpkrWbk euWdjbceWpkrWbkeu eu • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda • Lue¾iˑ dg? pkrbctk dssgicdr ub pdpka (rgak) pdrd djbcecstrdr idjd bkeu6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
• [sg? /djbce/pkgpak/pkrbcsscges ’ igeikjd pkrbcssˑ dg dg pdrd djbcecstrd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk ub bkeu6 Xdrd quk g usuºdrcg drcg igescmd djcicgedr ub acef ub acef d d jktkrbcedjg jktkr bcedjg bkeu, ºk ekikss e kikssº drcg dºr cg,, daºkb kb jk igeikjkr pkrbcssˑ dg dg pdrd djbcecstrd¾iˑ idg dˑg jkssk bkeu, quk g bkeu kstkod vceiuadjg dg rkspkitcvg tcpg jk igetkº ujg. ujg. Kssk vºĴeiuag ºk rkdaczdjg rkdacz djg ed kjc¾iˑ idg dˑg jg tcpg jk igetkº ujg. ujg.
Igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jd jdss gp gp¾¾iˑ igks g ˑks jg tcpg jk igetkº ujg pgr egjk ujg Kb rkad¾iˑ idg dˑg ds gutrds gp¾iˑ igks gˑks jk igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg jg tcpg jk igetkº ujg ujg quk kstˑ dg dg jcspge jcsp geººĴvkcs dg usuºdrcg drcg djbcecstrdjgr, igbg d cejcid¾iˑ idg dˑg jk pu`acidjg gu jkspu`acidjg, ds celgrbd¾iˑ igks ˑgks jk dutgr gu igetrgak jk rkvcsˑgks, gks, g bºgjuag gjuag Gvkrrcjk Egjk Gptcges lgrekik egvds pkrbcssˑ gks gks pdrd kssk fflb. Oºd pdrd quk g usuº drcg pgssd datkrdr d [PA jg igetkº drcg ujg, ujg, g bºgjuag gjuag [PA Dacds Xkrbcsscges lgrekik egvds pkrbcssˑ gks gks pdrd cssg. G bºgjuag gjuag Kxiaujk Egjk Dutngr pkrbctk quk g usuºdrcg drcg gbctd d celgrbd¾iˑ idg dˑg jg dutgr pdrd idjd igetkº ujg. ujg. Daºkb kb jd pkrbc pk rbcssˑ ssˑdg dg pdrd jkspu`acidr jktkrbcedjg igetkº ujg, ujg, skrºd utca u º tca quk g usuº drcg drcg igetceuk igeskmucejg dikssdr kssk igetkº u jg quk ujg quk lgc jkspu jkspu`a `aci cidjg djg,, pdrd pdrd cssg cssg sˑ dg dg ekikssº drcds drcds ds pkrbcssˑgks gks lgrekicjds pkag bºgjuag gjuag vckw uepu`acsnkj. Ketrktdetg g bº gjuag gjuag vckw uepu`acsnkj prgvgid quk g Jrupda jksd`cactk igbpaktdbketk g rkiursg jk idink jk `agigs, ubd vkz quk kssk rkiursg vkrcfflid sk damub bº gjuag cestdadjg cbpakbketd gjuag d lue¾iˑ idg dˑg nggf egjk mrdets(), mrdets(), quk ºk g idsg jkssk bº gjuag. Idsg gptk pgr usdr kssk bº gjuag, dvdack igefflmurdr d gp¾iˑ gjuag, iˑdg dg $igelV–`agif idink `ypdss egjk eg skttcems.pnp,, vkod bdcs ekstk acef. acef. Gutrd gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk igetgredr kssd rkstrc¾iˑ idg dˑg mrdets–R 2 ‒ZP[K‒6 eg skttcems.pnp ºk pgr bkcg jg bº gjuag gjuag @agif Idink Datkr.
;.9. ;.9.; ;
Yupkr Yu pkrffls fflsn n
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/su .grm/prgokit/supkrlcsn pkrlcsn • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda dg? lgrekik bkeus igb idpdicjdjk jk jrgp-jgwe jk jrgp-jgwe k k `agigs d pdrtcr jk ub su`bkeu6 • Lue¾iˑ • [sg?
ubkrg ubkrg jk `agigs bkeu Yupkrfflsn kb Igefflmurd¾iˑ ’ jkffled eº igksg ˑks-5Cetkrldik jg usuº drcgdrcg5Yupkrfflsn 6 ’ jksd`cactk d kxc`c¾iˑ iˑdg dg jg Bdce Bkeu eds igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑgks gks jg tkbd6 ’ igefflmurk g `agig Yupkrfflsn4 k vceiuak-g vceiuak-g d rkmcˑ dg dg jg tkbd pdrd g bkeu prceicpda6 prceicpda6 G bºgjuag gjuag Bkeu iˑdg dg ;.9.4, ;.9.4, tdb`º kb kb prgvˌ k d lueicgedacjdjk jk ircdr Bkeu `agif, vcstg ed su`sk¾iˑ `agigs `agigs d pdrtcr pdrtcr jk ub su`bkeu. su`bkeu. Egrbda Egrbdabke bketk tk qudejg g tkbd oº d pgssuc bkeu prceicpda igb –jrgpjgwe–, pdrkik rdzgº dvka dvka gptdr pkag bºgjuag gjuag Bkeu `agif kb vkz jg Yupkrfflsn pdrd dtkejkr d kstd lueicgedacjdjk lueicgedacjdjk.. Igescjkrd¾ Igescjkrd¾iˑ iˑgks gks sg`rk bkeus jrgp jgwe kstˑ dg dg jcspg jcs pge eºĴvkcs kb nttps?//jrupda. nttps?//jrupda.grm/ grm/ jgis/=/wgrfcem-wctn-bkeus/jrgp-jgwe-bkeus .
;.: ;.:. ;.:.4 4
@agig gigs Cbdm Cbdmk k @agi @agif f
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/cb .grm/prgokit/cbdmk`agif dmk`agif • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
• Lue¾iˑ dg? pkrbctk ircdr `agigs igetkejg ubd cbdmkb dicbd jg tkxtg6 • [sg? /djbce/struiturk/`agif/cbdmk`agif djj ’ irck ub egvg `agig igb cbdmkb6 G bºgjuag gjuag Cbdmk @agif ºk jkse jk seki kiks kssº sºdrcg drcg kb prgoktgs quk utcaczdb ub kjctgr ]yscwym, igbg g bºgjuag gjuag IFKjctgr jksirctg ed sk¾iˑ idg ;.<.> dˑg ;.<.>,, cetkmrdjg d lueicgedacjdjk upagdj lueicgedacjdjk upagdj jk jk drqucvgs, igbg g bºgjuag gjuag CBIK jksirctg ed sk¾iˑ iˑdg ;.<.3 dg ;.<.3..
;.:. ;.:.0 0
Lggtkr ggtkr Yctk Yctkbd bdp p
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/lg .grm/prgokit/lggtkrWsctkbdp gtkrWsctkbdp • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda • Lue¾iˑ dg? mkrdr bdpd jg sctk d pdrtcr jk bkeus kb igaueds6 /djbce/struiturk/`agif/b `agif/bdedmk/lggtkr dedmk/lggtkr sctkbdp/lggtkr sctkbdp/lggtkr sctkbdp/igefflmurk sctkbdp/igefflmurk • [sg? /djbce/struiturk/
’ igefflmurk g `agig Lggtkr Yctkbdp6 ’ skakicgek g bkeu d skr utcaczdjg6 ’ vceiuak g `agig Lggtkr Yctkbdp d rkmcˑdg dg Lggtkr6 idg dˑg Ncjk lrgb lggtkr sctkbdp 6 ’ gbctd ub ctkb jk bkeu pgr bkcg jd gp¾iˑ G bºgjuag gjuag Lggtkr Yctkbdp dprksketd tgjd d nckrdrqucd jk ub gu bdcs bkeus, ketrktdejg sku usg jkpkejk quk doustks jk kstcag skodb rkdaczdjgs pgr bkcg jk su`tkbd.
;.:. ;.:.9 9
Egjk Egjk`a `agi gif f
• Jgweagdj (Jrupda =)? nttps?//jrup nttps?//jrupda.grm/ da.grm/prgokit/egjk`agif prgokit/egjk`agif • Jgweagdj (Jrupda >)? nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/ketcty`agif ujg skr acstdjg igbg `agig6 ujg • Lue¾iˑ dg? djcicged idpdicjdjk dg tcpg jk igetkº
;.:.: ;.:.:
Tuci TucifZd`s fZd`s
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrup nttps?//jrupda.grm/ da.grm/prgokit/quci prgokit/quciftd`s ftd`s • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? nttps?//jrup nttps?//jrupda.grm/p da.grm/prgokit/itggas rgokit/itggas • Lue¾iˑ dg? `agig igb d`ds igbpgstds pgr gutrgs `agigs, egjks, vckws gu qtd`s6 • [sg? /djbce/struiturk/ /djbce/struiturk/quci quciftd`s ftd`s ’ djcicgedr ubd quciftd`6 G su`bºgjuag gjuag Tuciftd`s Ytyaks lgrekik kstcags, quk kstˑdg dg jcspg j cspge eºĴvkcs sgbketk sg bketk pdrd p drd g lgrbdtg lgr bdtg quciftd`s (rkejkrkr (rkejkrkr ). ). Gs lgrbdtgs lgrbdtgs uc td`s k diigrjc diigrjcge ge pgjkb skr iustgbcz iustgbczdjgs djgs pgr bkcg jk IYY kb su`tkbd.
TucifZd`s kb lgrbdtg jk Diigrjcge • djcicgedr ubd quciftd`6 (rkejkrkr )6 )6 • skakicgedr lgrbdtg jk diigrjcge (rkejkrkr idg dˑg vgatdr jg edvkmdjgr (ncstgry (ncstgry )6 )6 • gpicgeda? bkbgrczdr d`d dtcvd qudejg usdr d gp¾iˑ dtcid6 • gpicgeda? dtcvdr daturd dutgbºdtcid6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
(igaadpsc`ak )6 )6 • gpicgeda? pkrbctcr quk tgjds ds td`s skodb lkindjds (igaadpsc`ak • vceiuadr idjd d`d d ubd `agig, egjk, vckw gu qtd`6 G bºgjuag gjuag oTukry Zd`s Lckaj ºk ubd u bd datkredtcvd datk redtcvd bdcs scbpaks, lueicged luei cged igbg i gbg ub u b idbpg idbp g jg igetkº ujg ujg (egjk), (eg jk), pgrºkb kb ºk acbctdjg acbctd jg dpkeds dpk eds d tkxtg kstº dtcig. dtcig.
;.; ;.;.4 .;.4
\ckws \ckw ckws
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/vc .grm/prgokit/vckws kws • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? Indgs tgga suctk6 suctk6 ujg (egjk) kb jcvkrsgs lgrbdtgs? td`kad, mrcj, sacjksngw6 ujg • Lue¾iˑ dg? acstdmkb jk igetkº • [sg? /djbce/struiturk/vckws ’ dtcvdr g bºgjuag gjuag \ckw [C6 Acstdr k Xksqucsdr vckws pgr egbk k jksirc¾iˑ iˑ dg dj dg djbc bcec ecstr strdtc dtcvgs vgs • acstdr vckws (egbk, jksirc¾iˑ iˑdg dg djbcecstrdtcvd, tdms, pdtn k gpkrd¾iˑ iˑgks)6 gks)6 • cjketcfflidr gpkrd¾iˑ iˑgks? gks? dtcvdr, kjctdr, iagedr, kxpgrtdr gu jksd`cactdr6 • dtcvdr ubd vckw (Magssdry)6 • kjctdr g egbk djbcecstrdtcvg jd vckw6 iˑdg dg djbcecstrdtcvd jk vckw (jksirkvkr gejk skrº d usdjd)6 • kjctdr d jksirc¾iˑ idg? dˑg? kxc`cr fflatrg jk pksqucsd jk vckws6 • igefflmurd¾iˑ idg? dˑg? gbctcr dvcsg jk doujd dvde¾idjd6 idjd6 • igefflmurd¾iˑ º Drkd jk prº k-vc sudacz k-vcsud aczd¾ d¾iˑ idg d ˑg jd vckw gtuag jk ubd vckw (tctak)6 • kjctdr rºgtuag dºrkd jk prºk-vcsudaczd¾ k-vcsu daczd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jds datkrd¾iˑ igks gˑks ed vckw6 • cjketcfflidr drkd idg? dˑg? kxc`cr celgrbd¾iˑ igks gˑks d`dcxg d`dcx g jd prºk-vcsudaczd¾ k-vcsud aczd¾iˑ idg6 dˑg6 • igefflmurd¾iˑ idg? dˑg? kxc`cr YTA jd prºk-vcsudaczd¾ k-vcsudaczd¾iˑ idg6 dˑg6 • igefflmurd¾iˑ idg? dˑg? kxc`cr kstdt kstd tºĴstcids jk j k pkrlgrbdeik p krlgrbdeik jg YTA6 YTA 6 • igefflmurd¾iˑ • igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg dvde¾idjd? idjd? djcicgedr g egbk jd vckw eg YKAKIZ (jk`um geay)6
\ckw jk pº dmced k lgrbdtg jk td`kad dmced • ircdr ubd vckw jk pºdmced dmced pdrd acstdr igetkº ujg ujg (egjk)6 • jkfflecr g egbk djbcecstrdtcvg jd vckw6 • jkfflecr d jksirc¾iˑ idg dˑg djbcecstrdtcvd jk vckw (jksirkvkr gejk skrº d usdjd)6 • jkfflecr lgrbdtg jd acstd (td`kad, mrcj, sacjksngw, eˑ dg dg lgrbdtdjd, kti)6 idg dˑg (igetkº ujg gu idbpgs, rksubg gu igbpaktg)6 ujg • !td`kad? lgrbdtg jk kxc`c¾iˑ • jkfflecr idbceng rkadtcvg (pdtn)6 • igefflmurdr ctkb jk bkeu vceiuadjg6 dg kxc`cjgs (igaueds p/ td`kad)6 dg • jkfflecr idbpgs quk skrˑ
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
• td`kad? djcicgedr idbpg mag`da igetdjgr jk rksuatdjgs (acends)6 gtuag jg idbpg (id`k¾idang idang jds igaueds)6 • td`kad? jkfflecr g rºgtuag • td`kad? grjkedr gs idbpgs (grjkb jds igaueds)6 iˑ idg dˑg jg lgrbdtg td`kad)6 • td`kad? igb`cedr idbpgs kb ubd igaued (igefflmurd¾ iˑdg dg pdjrˑ dg dg (jklduat sgrt)6 • td`kad? jkfflecr idbpg jk grjked¾iˑ iˑdg dg pkag pk ag usuº usudrcg dºrcg (sgrtd`ak)6 (sgrtd`ak)6 • td`kad? dtcvdr idbpgs igb rkgrjked¾iˑ ir ctºkrcgs krcgs jk fflatrdmkb (pgr tcpg jk igetkº igetkujg, º sk pu`acidjg)6 • jkfflecr irctº ujg)6 ujg)6 • djcicgedr rkadicgedbketg d vckw (Dutngr-5[skr, tcpg jk igetkº • jkfflecr jkfflec r irctº i rctºkrcgs krcgs jk grjked¾ grjk ed¾iˑ idg dˑg (pgr bˌks ks jksi, pgr rº gtuag gtuag dsi.)6 \ckw jk `agig dg? ‑\ckw? egbk djbcecstrdtcvg‒)6 dg? • igefflmurdr egbk jg `agig (pdjrˑ • jkfflecr gutrg lgrbdtg jd acstd k sdavdr pdrd g `agig6 • rkbgvkr rºgtuag gtuag jk ub idbpg k sdavdr pdrd g `agig6 • datkrdr g pdmcedjgr pdrd bcec k sdavdr pdrd g `agig6 • datkrdr d pdmced¾iˑ idg dˑg pdrd ; ctkes k sdavdr pdrd g `agig6 • jksvceiuadr g pdmcedjgr jd vckw jk pº dmced dmced (Xdmkr CJ)6 idg dˑg pgr dodx (rkigbkejdjg sgbketk pdrd vckw jk `agig)6 • dtcvdr pdmced¾iˑ dg –Zrdifkr–6 • dtcvdr d vckw pdjrˑdg dg dg –Igetket–6 • dssgicdr g `agig –\ckw? Zrdifkr– d rkmcˑ igefflmurdrr g `agig pdrd sk kxc`cjg kxc`cjg sgbketk sgbketk eds pº dmceds –uskr/*–6 –uskr/*–6 • igefflmurd º ekikssº K drcg drcg nd`cactdr g bgjg dodx pdrd dprksketdr fflatrgs dg usuº drcg kb ubd \ckw jk `agig. drcg
Xkrbcs Xkrb cssˑ sˑ dg, id dg, id` ` k¾idang, idang, rgjd rgjdpº pº k k fflatrg igetkxtuda dg dg gu pgr pdpka6 • igefflmurdr dikssg pgr pkrbcssˑ idang d vckw (nkdjkr)6 • igefflmurdr ub id`k¾idang rg jdpºk pdrd p drd d vckw (lggtkr)6 (lg gtkr)6 • igefflmurdr ub rgjdpº • igefflmurdr d pdmced¾iˑ idg dˑg jd vckw (ctkes pgr pºdmced, dmced, rºgtuags gtuags jg pdmkr)6 • igefflmurdr ub fflatrg igetkxtuda (pgr [PA, vdagr pdjrˑ dg, dg, subºdrcg)6 drcg)6 • rkjkfflecr g rº gtuag jd vckw qudejg g fflatrg igetkxtuda lgr dpacidjg6 gtuag • rkjkfflecr g `rkdjirub` qudejg g fflatrg igetkxtuda lgr dtcvdjg6
\ckw jk `agig igb fflatrg igetkxtuda d pdrtcr jg egjk • djcicg djcicgedr edr idbpg jk cbdmkb cbdmkb igb acbctk acbctk jk ; cbdmkes cbdmkes dg tcpg jk igetkº ujg6 • djcicgedr vckw jk `agig6 • igefflmurdr d vckw pdrd idbpg jk cbdmkes6 uatcpags uatcpags kb acend6 • igefflmurdr g idbpg igb skpdrdjgr jk vdagrks bº ubkrg ubkrg kspkiº kspkiºĴfflig jk ctkes? 46 • igefflmurdr g pdmcedjgr pdrd kxc`cr ub eº dg dg jd egjk jd [PA6 • igefflmurdr fflatrg igetkxtuda (egjk Cj) igb vdagr pdjrˑ ujg ujg (djj iustgb fflkaj)6 • dssgicdr `agig jd vckw dg akcdutk jg tcpg jk igetkº G bºgjuag gjuag Jcspady Yuctk djcicged d idpdicjdjk dg mkrkeicdbketg jk kxc`c¾iˑ idg dˑg pdrd dssgicdr vckws jk `agig dh pº dmceds dmceds jk igetkº ujg ujg (egjk) gu dh pº dmced dmced jg pkrffla jg usuºdrcg. drcg.
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
;.;. ;.;.0 0
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
\ckw \ckwss Diig Diigrj rjcg cge e
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/vc .grm/prgokit/vckwsWdiigrjcge kwsWdiigrjcge • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda ujg (egjk) kb lgrbdtg jk digrjkˑ ujg gks6 gks6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? igestrucr acstd jk igetkº • [sg?
ujg6 ujg6 ’ irck ubd \ckw pdrd kxc`cr ub jktkrbcedjg tcpg jk igetkº ujg ujg eg paurda6 ’ celgrbk g egbk jd vckw, mkrdabketk usd-sk g egbk jg tcpg jk igetkº idg dˑg djbcecstrdtcvd jd vckw? ‒\ckw jk Diigrjcge utcaczdjd ed ºdrkd drkd Cestc’ celgrbk d jksirc¾iˑ tuicgeda.‒6 ’ jkffled g lgrbdtg jk kxc`c¾iˑ idg dˑg igbg \ckws Diigrjcge jk j k fflkajs 6 ’ igetceuk k kjctk d vckw6 ujg ujg skakicgedjg6 skakicgedjg6 ’ djcicgek gs idbpgs jg tcpg jk igetkº iˑdg6 dg6 ’ jkfflecr g idbpg pdrd grjked¾iˑ idg dˑg jg lgrbdtg? kxc`cr ubd acend d`krtd? Ekenub6 ’ igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg jg lgrbdtg? pkrbctcr quk tgjds ds acends skodb lkindjds6 ’ igefflmurd¾iˑ ∝ Daagw lgr daa rgws tg `k iagskj 6 idg dˑg jg lgrbdtg? eˑ dg dg usdr daturd dutgbº dtcid dtcid jd acend (rktcrd g sirgaa g sirgaa )6 )6 ’ igefflmurd¾iˑ ∝ Dutgnkcmnt 6
Lcatrg igetkxtuda kb bgjg magssºdrcg drcg • skakicgedr fflatrg igetkxtuda d pdrtcr jg idbpg –tctak–6 dg –d–6 • jkfflecr vdagr pdjrˑdg drcg acbctdjg d 4 idrditkrk6 • dtcvdr bgjg magssºdrcg • djcicgedr –dttdinbket–6 • igefflmurdr fflatrg igetkxtuda jg idbpg –tctak– pdrd kxc`cr ub subº drcg6 drcg6 • g subºdrcg drcg jkvk skr dpacidjg sgbketk dg dttdinbket6 • jkfflecr g lgrbdtg jg subºdrcg drcg pdrd –eˑ dg dg lgrbdtdjg–6 • jksd`cactdr vcsudaczd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk igetdjgr jgs ctkes (gpicgeda)6 • jkfflecr d kxc`c¾iˑ iˑdg dg jgs ctkes igbg –ceacek–6 • vceiuadr g dttdinbket d pdmk? • –dttdin tg– pdmk ed tkad jg dttdinbket, gu6 • –nkdjkr-5vckw drkd– dpacidjg sgbketk d tkad pdmk6 id jk fflatrgs igetkxtudcs kb qudaqukr idsg6 • jksd`cactk d nkrde¾id
;.;. ;.;.9 9
\ckw \ckwss Yacj Yacjks ksng ngw w
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/vc .grm/prgokit/vckwsWsacjksngw kwsWsacjksngw • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda ujgs (egjks), idbpgs jk cbdmkb, kti6 ujgs • Lue¾iˑ dg? igestrucr sacjksngw d pdrtcr jk igetkº suctk, \ckws \ckws,, Ac`rdrcks k oTukry Iyiak ac`rdry. ac`rdry. • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? Indgs tggas suctk, nttps?//mctnu`.igb/bdasup/iyiak gb/bdasup/iyiak/`ag`/bdstkr/oq /`ag`/bdstkr/oqukry.iyiak.daa.o ukry.iyiak.daa.os s ’ Yri? nttps?//mctnu`.i ’ Jst? sctks/daa/ac`rdrcks/oqukry.iyiak/oqukry.iyiak.daa.os nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/0>;>0= grm/egjk/0>;>0=3 3 • Zutgrcda jg jkskevgavkjgr ? nttps?//jrupda.
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
/djbce/struiturk/vckws/ vckws/djj djj • [sg? /djbce/struiturk/
’ nd`cactk g bºgjuag \ckws Yacjksng Yacjksngw? w? Iyiak6 gjuag \ckws \ckws Yacjksngw? Yacjksngw? Iyiak cbpakbketd d trdesc¾iˑ G bºgjuag gjuag \ckws iˑdg dg jk igetkº ujg ujg gu jk jktkrbcedjg idbpg igb rkiursg jk igetrgak pdrd quk g usuº drcg drcg dvde¾ik ik gu rktrgikjd d trdesc¾iˑ idg. dˑg. Xdrd ircdr ub Yacjksngw jk cbdmkb, prcbkcrg irck ub tcpg jk igetkº ujg u jg igb ub idbpg jg tcpg cbdmkb, quk jkegbcedrkbgs jk Ksadcjk, k pgstk damubds cbdmkes, egrbdabketk jk bksbg tdbdeng, pgr kxkbpag =0
Yacjksngw jk cbdmkb ujg ujg jg tcpg Ksadcjk6 • irck ubd Xdmk \ckw pdrd kxc`cr igetkº • jkffled g lgrbdtg jk kxc`c¾iˑ iˑdg dg igbg Yacjksngw jk fflkajs jk fflkajs 6 • igetceuk k kjctk d vckw6 • djcicgek g idbpg jk cbdmkb6 • rkbgvd g idbpg idbp g jk j k tºĴtuag6 Ĵtuag 6 • jkffled gu rkbgvd rkbgvd g tºĴtuag jd vckw6 idg dˑg pdrd Jcspady daa ctkbs6 • jkffled d pdmced¾iˑ
[sdr pdmcedjgr igbg ub igetdjgr Mag`da? \ckw rksuat iguetkr iguetkr6 • djcicgek g idbpg Mag`da? • igefflmurk g idbpg Mag`da? Mag`da? \ckw rksuat iguetkr iguetkr? ’ Kxiaujk Kxiaujk lrgb jcspady6 iˑdg dg Pkwrctk rksuats bdrquk Gutput tncs fflkaj ds d acef k usk # (gpicgeda) (gp icgeda)66 ’ ed sk¾iˑ • igefflmurk g lgrbdtg Yacjksngw? ’ dtcvk g pdmcedjgr kb @gttgb ]cjmkts6 ’ igefflmurk g pdmcedjgr pdrd g idbpg Mag`da? Mag`da? \ckw rksuat iguetkr iguetkr6 iˑdg dg Ditcvdtk Yacjk dej Xdusk ge Xdmkr Ngvkr 6 ’ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ
/* IYY IYY jg pdmc pdmced edjg jgr r */ .vckws-sacjksngw-pdmkr-lckaj.vckws-sacjksngw-pdmkr-lckaj-ctkb ctkb { lagdt? lagdt? aklt6 aklt6 pdjjce pdjjcem? m? ;px6 ;px6 } .vckws-sacjksngw-pdmkr-lckaj.vckws-sacjksngw-pdmkr-lckaj-ctkb.ditcvk ctkb.ditcvk { `difmrguej `difmrguej-igag -igagr? r? #```6 `grjkr-rd `grjkr-rdjcus? jcus? ;px6 }
[sdr pdmcedjgr igbg tnub`edca jd cbdmkb • igefflmurd¾iˑ idg? dˑg? djcicgedr pdmcedjgr igbg tnub`edca6 • rkbgvkr g idbpg –Mag`da? vckw rksuat iguetkr–6 • ircdr kstcag jk cbdmkb igb sidak k irgp igb :8px/:8px6 • djcicgedr ub skmuejg idbpg igb d cbdmkb (djj fflkaj) ed vckw6 dg kxc`cr kstk idbpg jk cbdmkb (kxiaujk lrgb jcspady)6 • eˑdg • usdr g egvg kstcag jd cbdmkb ekssk idbpg6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
idg? dˑg? skakicgedr kstk idbpg igbg pdmcedjgr6 • igefflmurd¾iˑ • dtcvdr sacjk k pdusdr sacjk dg pdssdr g bgusk (ngvkr)6
/* IYY IYY jg pdmc pdmced edjg jgr r */ .vckw-sacjksngw-pdmk-lckajs .vckw-sacjksngw-pdmk-lckajs { pgsctc pgsctcge? ge? d`sgau d`sgautk6 tk6 `gttgb `gttgb? ? 08px6 08px6 rcmnt? rcmnt? 48px6 48px6 z-cejk z-cejkx? x? 4886 4886 `difmrguej `difmrguej-igag -igagr? r? rm`d(8,8,8 rm`d(8,8,8,8.<) ,8.<)6 6 `grjkr-rd `grjkr-rdjcus jcus?
Yacjksngw jk igetkº ujg ujg • irck ub @agif \ckw igb lgrbdtg sacjksngw6 • igefflmurd¾iˑ idg? dˑg? eˑdg dg fflxdr d daturd jg sacjk eg `agig kb vckw kb vckw ditcges djvdeikj 6 • igefflmurd¾iˑ idg? dˑg? jkfflecr klkctg jk trdesc¾iˑ idg dˑg jg sacjk6 idg? dˑg? jkfflecr g tkbpg jk kxc`c¾iˑ idg dˑg jg sacjk (tcbk jkady)6 • igefflmurd¾iˑ idg? dˑg? jkfflecr g tkbpg jk trdesc¾iˑ idg ˑdg jk sacjk (spkkj)6 • igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg pdrd ub eº ubkrg ubkrg kspkiºĴfflig Ĵfflig jk sacjks (;)6 • jkfflecr d pdmced¾iˑ idg? dˑg? djcicgedr igetrgaks (detkrcgr, pdusk, prº gxcbg)6 gxcbg)6 • igefflmurd¾iˑ idg? dˑg? djcicgedr igetdjgr jk sacjk (4 gl ;)6 • igefflmurd¾iˑ idg? dˑg? djcicgedr pdmcedjgr igbg igetdjgr (4 0 9 : ;)6 • igefflmurd¾iˑ
;.;.: ;.;.:
\ckws \ckws Yacjks Yacjksng ngw w Igefflmu Igefflmurd` rd`ak ak Iget Igetrga rgass
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/vs .grm/prgokit/vsii ii • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda drcg drcg rktrgikjkr k dvde¾idr idr sacjksngws6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? lgrekik ub egvg wcjmkt jk igetrgak pdrd g usuº • [sg?
’ kjctk ubd \ckw eg lgrbdtg Yacjksngw6 dtcvk wcjmkt Igetrgas ’ dtcvk wcjmkt Igetrgas6 skakicgek Igefflmurd`ak igetrgas kb Igetrgas Zypk 6 ’ skakicgek Igefflmurd`ak jk pdusk jg jg sacjksngw6 ’ gbctd g igetrgak jk pdusk skakicgek @adif ciges kb Igetrgas sfce6 ’ skakicgek @adif
/* IYY IYY jg pdmc pdmced edjg jgr r */ .vsii-ige .vsii-igetrgas trgas { pgsctcge? rkadtcvk6 z-cejkx? z-cejkx? 4886 } .vsii-igetrgas-prkvcgus .vsii-igetrgas-prkvcgus { pgsctcge? d`sgautk6 tgp? 408px6 408px6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
aklt? aklt? 8px6 8px6 `difmrguej `difmrguej? ? #jjj6 pdjj pdjjce cem? m? 8 ;px ;px ;px6 ;px6 `grjkr `grjkr? ? 0px sgacj sgacj #9996 #9996 `grjkr-rdjcus? ;px6 } .vsii-igetrgas-ekxt .vsii-igetrgas-ekxt { pgsctcge? d`sgautk6 tgp? 408px6 408px6 rcmnt? rcmnt? 8px6 `difmrguej `difmrguej? ? #jjj6 pdjj pdjjce cem? m? 8 ;px ;px ;px6 ;px6 `grjkr `grjkr? ? 0px sgacj sgacj #9996 #9996 `grjkr-rdjcus? ;px6 }
;.;. ;.;.; ;
\ckw \ckwss Pkl Pklkr krke keik ik Lcat Lcatkr kr
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/ke .grm/prgokit/ketctyrklkrkeikWl tctyrklkrkeikWlcatkr catkr • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda • Lue¾iˑ dg? djcicgedr fflatrgs kb vckws pdrd idbpgs Ketcty Pklkrkeik6 • [sg?
ujg quk tkend g idbpg Ketcty Pklkrkeik6 ujg ’ irck ubd \ckw pdrd kxc`cr ub tcpg jk igetkº ’ djcicgek dh \ckw ub egvg jcspady jg tcpg Ketcty Pklkrkeik 6 ujg ujg rklkrkeicdjg6 rklkrkeicdjg6 ∝ doustk g fflatrg jkssk jcspady pdrd g tcpg jk igetkº iˑgks g ks jg lgrbdtg g idbpg jg igetkº ujg rklkrkeicdjg quk skrº d ∝ skakicgek eds igefflmurd¾iˑ usdjg igbg fflatrg6 ’ djcicgek dg jcspady prceicpda, skod jk pºdmced dmced gu `agig, ub fflatrg kxpgstg pdrd g idbpg cjketcfflidjg cjketcfflidjg pgr p gr (rklkrkeik fflatkr) 6 ’ cejcquk g jcspady Ketcty Pklkrkeik ekssk fflatrg6
;.;.< ;.;.<
K\D? K\D? Ket Ketct cty y \ckws \ckws Dttdi Dttdinbke nbkett
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/kv .grm/prgokit/kvd d • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda dg? dprksketd ubd \ckw igbg ub idbpg jk jktkrbcedjg tcpg jk igetkº ujg6 • Lue¾iˑ • [sg?
’ irck ubd \ckw Bdstkr (ekb `agig ekb pº dmced) pdrd kxc`cr ub ikrtg tcpg jk igetkº dmced) ujg6 ujg6 ’ djcicgek ub jcspady Kvd Lckaj6 ’ cejcquk g tcpg jk ketcjdjk (Egjk) kb quk kssd \ckw skrºd dprksketdjd igbg ub idbpg6 ’ cejcquk g tcpg jk igetkº ujg kb quk kssd \ckw skrºd dprksketdjd igbg ub idbpg6 ujg ’ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg pdrd kxc`cr g tºĴtuag jd \ckw eg e g igetkº ujg6 ujg6 ’ djcicgek ub fflatrg igetkxtuda pdrd g`tkr g cj jg igetkº ujg6 D uecid u º ecid vdetdmkb kb utcaczdr kstk bº gjuag gjuag ºk idpdicjdjk idpdicjdjk jk dprksketdr dprksketdr ubd \ckw ketrk gs idbpgs jg igetkº ujg, ubd vkz quk ubd \ckw jk `agig sgbketk pgjk skr kxc`cjd dicbd gu `dcxg jgs ujg, idbpgs jg igetkº ujg. ujg.
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
D eˑdg d g skr pgr damub rkqucsctg kxº g tcig jk dprksketdr d bksbd vckw igbg ub idbpg pdrd gtcig qudaqukr igetkº ujg jk jktkrbcedjg tcpg, d utcaczd¾iˑ ujg idg dˑg jkstk bº gjuag gjuag skrº d kb igeouetg igb g bºgjuag gjuag idg dˑg jk fflatrg igetkxtuda pdrd dprksketdr ubd acstd jk damub tcpg Ketcty Pklkrkeik k igb d utcaczd¾iˑ jk igetkº ujg quk pgssuc rkadicgedbketg igb g igetkº ujg ujg ujg dprksketdjg. dprksketdjg.
;.<
Egjks
;.<. ;.<.4 4
Kxtk Kxtkej ej Cbdm Cbdmk k Bgjua Bgjuak k
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/kc .grm/prgokit/kcb b • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda grcgs6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? pkrbctk quk g Zkxtg Datkredtcvg (dat) k g Zctak jk cbdmkes skodb g`rcmdtºgrcgs6 • [sg?
’ kjctk ub idbpg jk Cbdmkb6 iˑgks Nd`cactdr gks Nd`cactdr idbpg Dat k Dat fflkaj rkqucrkj 6 ’ skakicgek ds gp¾iˑ
;.<. ;.<.0 0
Acef Acef (Lck (Lckaj aj))
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/ac .grm/prgokit/acef ef • Lue¾iˑ dg? idbpg ( fflkaj ( fflkaj ) pdrd [PA6 • [sg? ujg6 ’ djcicgek g idbpg acef d ub tcpg jk igetkºujg6 iˑdg dg Eg tctak eds igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑgks gks jg idbpg ldz g idbpg rkik`kr dpkeds d [PA6 ’ d gp¾iˑ Xdjrgeczk g Cjketcfflidjgr tkxtuda jk idbpgs igb prkfflxg fflkaj , igbg fflkaj igbg fflkaj ksadcjk acef .
Acef pdrd \ckws Yacjksngw iˑgks gks jd \ckw eg lgrbdtg jk sacjksngw6 • dikssk ds igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg Kxiaujk lrgb jcspady6 • djcicgek g idbpg acef hd \ckw, skb kxc`c-ag, usk d gp¾iˑ rkgrjkek gs idbpgs jd \ckw \ckw pdrd g idbpg idbpg acef acef fflquk dicbd jg idbpg idbpg cbdmkb6 cbdmkb6 • rkgrjkek • kjctk g idbpg jd cbdmkb? d jksd`cactdjg6 jksd`cactdjg6 ’ vkrcfflquk sk g acef jd cbdmkb kstº idg dˑg Gutput tncs fflkaj ds d acef 6 ’ rkksirkvd g rksuatdjg igbg acef, usk d gp¾iˑ ’ usk g idbpg igbg acef, pgr kxkbpag? Vfflkaj ksadcjk acefR6 g tdrmkt jg jg acef pdrd `adef6 ’ jkffled g tdrmkt Xkrik` Xkrik`dd quk d grjkb grjkb jgs idbpgs idbpgs jd \ckw \ckw ºk cbpgrtde cbpgrtdetk, tk, pgcs pkrbctk pkrbctk utcaczdr utcaczdr gs idbpgs idbpgs detkrcgrks igbg tgfke pgr bkcg jd sk¾iˑ idg dˑg Pkwrctk jk ub idbpg idbpg pgstkr pgstkrcg cgr. r. Gs tgfkes tgfkes Pkwrctk rksuats rksuats jk jcsp jc spgeº geºĴvkcs Ĵvk cs sˑdg dg acstdjgs pkad su`sk¾iˑ idg dˑg Pkpadikbket pdttkres quk kstº d dg ffleda jd sk¾iˑ iˑdg dg Pkwrctk rksuats.
;.<. ;.<.9 9
Lcak Lcak (Lck (Lckaj aj)) Xdtns dtns
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/lc .grm/prgokit/lcaklckajWpdtns aklckajWpdtns • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda eg upagdj 6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? pkrbctk g usg jk Zgfkes pdrd egbkdr drqucvgs eg upagdj
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
• [sg? ’ kjctk ub idbpg jg tcpg Drqucvg gu Cbdmkb6 ’ cjketcfflquk ds egvds gp¾iˑ igks gˑks kb Lcak (Lckaj) Xdtn skttcems 6 grcg grcg (Lcak (Lcak pdtn )6 )6 ’ usk tgfkes pdrd jkfflecr g jcrktº (Lcak edbk )6 )6 ’ usk tgfkes pdrd jkfflecr g egbk jg drqucvg (Lcak • Jcrktº grcg grcg (Lcak pdtn )? ’ cbdmks/Vegjk?igetket-typk?bdincek-edbkR ’ cbdmks/Viurrket-jdtk?iustgb?SR/Vegjk?igetket-typk?bdincek-edbkR • Egbk jg drqucvg ( Lcak edbk )? ’ Vfflak?p-edbk-geay-grcmcedaR.Vfflak?p-kxtkescge-grcmcedaR ’ Vegjk?ecjR Vegjk?tctakR.Vfflak?p-kxtkescge-grcmcedaR ’ Vegjk?fflkaj-jdtd-rkadtgrcg?iustgb?S-bR-Vegjk?fflkaj-idtkmgrcd-jkspksd?edbkR.Vfflak?p-kxtkescgegrcmcedaR Dpksdr jgs tgfkes Vegjk?ecjR k Vegjk?tctakR oºd kstdr ks tdrkb kb jcsp j cspgeº geºĴvkcs Ĵvkcs dpºgs gs d cestdad¾iˑ iˑdg dg jg bºgjuag gjuag Lcak (Lckaj) Xdtns, d acstd igb gs tgfkes quk pgjkb pg jkb skr utcaczdjgs ºk lgrekicjd pkag bº gjuag Zgfke. G bºgjuag gjuag Zgfke tdb`ºkb kb lgrekik jkzkeds jk egvgs tgfkes, igbg g Viurrket-jdtk?iustgb?SR Viurrket-jdtk?iustgb?SR quk rktgred g deg dtuda. Dtcvk g bº gjuag gjuag Ketcty Zgfkes pdrd usdr tgfkes pdrd tdxgegbcds k gutrgs.
;.<. ;.<.: :
Zgfke gfke
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/tg .grm/prgokit/tgfke fke • Lue¾iˑ dg? lgrekik tgfkes Vtcpg?dtrc`utg?vdagrR Vtcpg?dtrc`utg?vdagrR pdrd vºdrcgs drcgs ffles6 • Zgfkes? nttps?//jrupda.g nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/938:>0 rm/egjk/938:>0 • [sg? /djbce/nkap/tgfke ’ usk g tgfke Viurrket-jdtk?iustgb?SR Viurrket-jdtk?iustgb?SR pdrd g`tkr g deg dtuda6 ’ dikssk /djbce/nkap/tgfke /djbce/nkap/tgfke pdrd g`tkr d acstd jgs tgfkes jcspgeº jcspgeºĴvkcs6 Zgfkes sˑdg dg supgrtdjgs kb jcvkrsgs agidcs eg jrupda, g`skrvk quk surmcrº d d gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg @rgwsk gxcbg jk damues jkssks idbpgs, igbg ed jkfflec¾iˑ iˑdg d g jg egbk jk drqucvgs eg dvdcad`ak dvdcad`ak tgfkes prºgxcbg upagdj pkag pkag bºgjuag gjuag Lcak (Lckaj) Xdtns.
;.<.; ;.<.;
Zrde rdesac sactkr tkrdtc dtcge ge
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/tr .grm/prgokit/trdesactkrdtcge desactkrdtcge • Lue¾iˑ dg? su`stctuc idrditkrks diketudjgs pdrd idcxd `dcxd skb diketg6 • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/bkj /djbce/igefflm/bkjcd/fflakcd/fflak-systkb systkb ’ Lcak (Lckaj) Xdtns ? idg dˑg Zrdesactkrdtcge dg kjctdr ub idbpg Drqucvg gu Cbdmkb6 ∝ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ ’ Xdtndut Xdtndutg g? idg dˑg Zrdesactkrdtk prcgr tg irkdtcem dacds eds igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑgks6 gks6 ∝ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
G bºgjuag gjuag Zrdesactkrdtcge su`stctuc gs idrditkrks diketudjgs pgr sku rkspkitcvg idrditkrk kb idcxd `dcxd skb diketg, diketg, kstk rkiursg ºk utcaczdjg utcaczdjg pkag bº gjuag Xdtndutg pdrd mkrdr [PAs, pkag bºgjuag gjuag Ykdrin jg Jrupda k pkags bº gjuags gjuags Lcak (Lckaj) Xdtns k CBIK dg rkegbkdr gs drqucvgs kb upagdj kb upagdj . Dpºgs gs d cestdad¾iˑ iˑdg d g jg bºgjuag, gjuag, ds cetkmrd¾iˑ igks gˑks skrˑdg dg nd`cactdjds pgr pdjrˑ dg, dg, igbg d igevkrsˑ dg dg jg egbk jg drqucvg eg upagdj eg upagdj , dtcvdjd kb Igefflmurd¾iˑ igks g ˑks ← BºĴjcd ← Ycstkbd jk Drqucvgs , k d cejkxd¾iˑ idg ˑdg jd `usid, dtcvdjd kb Igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑ gks gks ← @usid k bktdjdjgs ← Igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑ gks gks jd `usid.
;.<. ;.<.< <
Xdtnd dtndut utg g
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/pd .grm/prgokit/pdtndutg tndutg • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda Zgfke. • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? Zgfke. dvkcs jg igetkº ujg `dskdjg kb tgfkes igbg Vegjk?tctakR6 ujg • Lue¾iˑ dg? mkrdr [PAs dbcmºdvkcs • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/skdrin/pdtn/pdttkres V@usid k bktdjdjgs ← [PAs datkredtcvdsR6
gks jk [PA, igbg sku prkfflxg, pgr tcpg jk igetkº gks ujg6 ujg6 ’ igefflmurk gs pdjrˑ iˑdg dg Zrdesactkrdtk prcgr tg irkdtcem dacds eds igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑgks6 gks6 ’ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ G bºgjuag gjuag Xdtndutg mkrd [PA datkredtcvds dutgbdtcidbketk qudejg g igetkº ujg ujg ºk sdavg, sda vg, d pdrtcr jk Xdttkres igefflmurdjgs pgr tcpg jk igetkº ujg igb g usg jk tgfkes. Igbubketk usd-sk igbg ujg Jklduat pdtn pdttkre g tgfke Vegjk?igetket-typk?bdincek-ed Vegjk?igetket-typk?bdincek-edbkR/Vegjk?tctakR bkR/Vegjk?tctakR pdrd prkfflxdr d [PA igb g egbk jg tcpg jk igetkº ujg. ujg. Zdb`ºkb kb ºk pgss pgs sºĴvka rkmkrdr rkmk rdr tgjds tgj ds ds [PAs datkredtcvds datkr edtcvds d pdrtcr pdrtc r jd gp¾ iˑdg dg @uaf mkekrdtk eds igefflmurd¾iˑ igks, gˑks, daº kb kb jcssg, pgjk-sk pg jk-sk rkmkrdr ds [PAs pdrd ub tcpg jk igetkº ujg kspkiº kspkiºĴfflig, dikssk g ctkb Igetkº ujg ujg k usk d gp¾iˑ idg dˑg [pjdtk ujg ujg jg bkeu djbcecstrdtcvg, jkpgcs skakicgek g tcpg jk igetkº Cssg pgjk pgjk skr skr utca uºtca qudejg ub Xdttkre ºk datkrdjg, idsg igetrº drcg, drcg, dpkeds qudejg g [PA dacds. Cssg igetkº ujg lgr sdavg d [PA skrºd dtudaczdjd. ujg Xadekok igb dtke¾iˑ idg dˑg g pdjrˑ dg jk [PAs pgcs bujde¾ids dg ids cbpditdb eds rklkrˌkeicds keicds jgs sctks jk `usid, daº kb kb jcssg, d gp¾iˑ idg dˑg [pjdtk [pjdtk [PA dacds dacds ºk dpacidjd sgbketk dgs ;8 ctkes acstdjgs ed pºdmced dmced jk pksqucsd jk igetkº ujg, ujg, skejg ekikssº drcg drcg rkpktcr d d¾iˑ idg dˑg pdrd idjd pº dmced, dmced, g quk pgjk skr ub igbpacidjgr sk nguvkr buctg igetkº ujg.
;.<. ;.<.= =
Yu`b Yu `bct cttk tkj j @y
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/su .grm/prgokit/su`bcttkjW`y `bcttkjW`y • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda Zgfke. • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? Zgfke. idg ˑdg jg dutgr jg igetkº ujg ujg (egjk)6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? iustgbczdr d cjketcfflid¾iˑ • [sg?
ujg6 ujg6 ’ kjctk ub tcpg jk igetkº ’ jkffled g tkxtg eds gp¾iˑ igks g ˑks jk kxc`c¾iˑ idg d ˑg6 ujg jk rkspgesd`cacjdjk jk 1strgem 5Vegjk?dutngr?edbkR 1/strgem 5. ujg ∝ Igetkº ∝ Dtudaczdjg kb Vegjk?indemkj?sngrtR. ’ datkrk pdrd `dcxg d grjkb jg idbpg Yu`bcttkj `y kb Mkrkeicdr d kxc`c¾iˑ idg d ˑg6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
;.<. ;.<.> >
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
IFKj IFKjct ctgr gr
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/if .grm/prgokit/ifkjctgr kjctgr • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda • Lue¾iˑ dg? kjctgr NZBA vcsuda (]SYC]SM)6 • Cestdad¾iˑ dg?
’ su -s /`ce/`dsn -a pgrtda ’ ij /tbp wmkt nttp?//jgweagdj.ifsgurik.igb/V..R/ifkjctgr :.^.S luaa.zcp ’ wmkt nttp?//jgweagdj.ifsgurik.igb/V..R/ifkjctgr ’ ij /vdr/www/pgrtda/jrupda-=/sctks/daa/ac`rdrcks ’ uezcp /tbp/ifkjctgr :.^.S luaa.zcp ’ ij ifkjctgr/sfces/ ’ ae -s bggeg-acsd/ bggeg ’ tguin bggeg/sfce.os • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/igetket/ifkjctgr idg? dˑg? ircd¾iˑ ’ dikssk d igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑ dg dg jk igetk ig etkº ujg u º jg ⇐ IFKjctgr6 ’ kjctk g IFKjctgr Mag`da prgfflak6 idg dˑg Agida pdtn tg IFKjctgr pdrd %a/ifkjctgr6 ’ igefflmurk d gp¾iˑ G bºgjuag gjuag IFKjctgr cetkmrd d rgtced ifkjctgr.os dg dg Jrupda Jrupda.. Ke Ketrk trktde tdetg, tg, g bº gjuag gjuag eˑdg dg igetºkb kb g IFKjctgr kb sc, ldzkejg igb quk g usuº u suº drcg g`tkend-g pgr bkcg jg kejkrk¾ drcg ig ig nttp?//ije. ifkjctgr.igb/:.3.0/luaa-daa/ifkjctgr.os , idjd vkz quk lgr g kjctgr lgr utcaczdjg. Zgred-sk gred-sk bdcs bdcs rº dpcjd dpcjd d rkejkrc rkejkrczd¾ zd¾ iˑ idg dˑ g jd pº d mced dg cestdadr ds rgtceds jg IFKjctgr agidadmced bketk, eg jcrktº grcg grcg sctks/daa/ac`rdrcks . Dssc Dsscb, b, dikssk dikssk g sctk sctk jg IFKjc IFKjctgr tgr,, nttps?//ifkjctgr. igb/jgweagdj, rkdaczk g jgweagdj, kxtrdcd gs drqucvgs k igefflmurk g idbceng agida pdrd g ifkjctgr.os igelgrbk ds cestru¾iˑ iˑgks gks dicbd. G bºgjuag gjuag IFKjctgr vkb prºk-igefflmurdjg k-igefflmurdjg igb jgcs pkrffls, g pkrffla Djvdeikj quk kstºd dssgicdjg dg lgrbdtg jk tkxtg Lcatkrkj NZBA k g pkrffla Luaa quk kstºd dssgicdjg dg lgrbdtg jk tkxtg Luaa NZBA. Gs pkrffls jg IFKjctgr pkrbctkb quk jcstcetds igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑgks gks skodb rkdaczdjds pdrd idjd lgrbdtg jk tkxtg. Ds igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks jk skmurde¾id i d jg IFKjctgr igetrgadb g prgikssdbketg jg tkxtg d fflb jk fflatrºd-ag, d-ag, rkbgvkejg igetkº ujg pgtkeicdabketk bdacicgsg gu kb jksigelgrbcjdjk igb pdjrˑ ujg gks. gks. Kssd Kssd igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg ºk dtcvdjd pgr p gr pkrffla, p krffla, ceiauscvk ceiaus cvk qudetg d nd`cactd¾ nd`c actd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk bºgjuags gjuags djcicgedcs, igbg g NZBA g NZBA Xurcfflkr.. Xurcfflkr Ds igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks jk dpdrˌ keicd keicd jg kjctgr igetrgadb d igr d `drrd jk lgrbdtd¾ iˑdg, dg, d kxc`c¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk gp¾iˑ idg dˑg pdrd jksdtcvdr g IFKjctgr, `kb igbg pkrbctkb d skak¾ iˑ idg dˑg jds lueicgedacjks jcspgeº jcspgeºĴvkcs ed `drrd jk lgrbdtd¾iˑ iˑdg dg pgr bkcg jk jrdm dej jrgp jgs `gtˑ gks pdrd djcicgedr gu rkbgvkr lueicgedacgks jdjks d skrkb dprksketdjds dgs usuº drcgs. drcgs.
;.<.3
CBIK
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/cb .grm/prgokit/cbik ik • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda dvka dg IFKkjctgr6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? upagdjkr jk upagdjkr jk drqucvgs cetkmrºdvka /djbce/igefflm/bkjcd/cbi cd/cbikk • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/bkj
’ kjctk ub pkrffla jg IFKjctgr kb igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑgks gks jk ircd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk igetkº ujg6 ujg6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
idg Lcak dˑg Lcak `rgwskr skttcems 6 ’ cjketcfflquk d sk¾iˑ idg Lcak dˑg Lcak `rgwskr typk pdrd pdrd CBIK6 ’ igefflmurk d gp¾iˑ G bºgjuag gjuag CBIK lgrekik ubd cetkrldik pdrd upagdj jk drqucvgs cetkmrdjd ds lueicgedacjdjks jk djc¾iˑ idg ˑdg jk cbdmkb k ircd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk acef jg kjctgr NZBA vcsuda. Dg dikssdr tdcs lueicgedacjd lueicgedacjdjks jks pgr bkcg jg IFKjctgr, usk g `gtˑ dg dg Agidaczdr eg skrvcjgr pdrd d`rcr d cetkrldik jg CBIK. Drqucvgs kevcdjgs pgr bkcg jg bºgjuag gjuag CBIK sˑdg dg drbdzkedjgs jcrktdbketk eg rkpgsctº grcg grcg jk drqucvgs, egrbdabketk kb sctks/VcestdeicdR/fflaks. Cssg Cssg quk jczkr jczkr quk, quk, dg igetrº igetrº drcg drcg jgs drqucvgs k cbdmkes drbdzkedjgs kb idbpgs prº gprcgs jgs tcpgs jk igetkº gprcgs ujg, ujg, eˑdg dg ºk pgss pg ssººĴvka jktkrb jkt krbced cedrr ub pdjrˑdg dg pdrd p drd g egbk eg bk drqucvg, d rqucvg, ketrktdetg ketrkt detg dcejd d cejd ºk pgss p gssººĴvka acbctdr acb ctdr sud kxtkesˑ kxtke sˑ dg k sku tdbdeng d pdrtcr jd igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk pkrffla jg CBIK. G bºgjuag CBIK gjuag CBIK Bfjcr djcicged Bfjcr djcicged d lueicgedacjdjk jk ircdr k rkbgvkr jcrktºgrcgs grcgs pkad cetkrldik jg CBIK. Dpºgs gs cestdadjg, cestd adjg, ºk ekikssº ekiks sº drcg igeikjkr d pkrbcssˑ drcg dg dg pdrd kstd gpkrd¾iˑ idg dˑg ed igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks jk pkrffla jg CBIK.
;.<. ;.<.48 48
Cesk Ce skrt rt
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/ce .grm/prgokit/ceskrt skrt • Lue¾iˑ dg? pkrbctk bdetkr cbdmkb kb idbpg prº gprcg gprcg k djcicgeºd-ad d-ad d idbpg jk tkxtg agemg6 • [sg? ’ kjctk ub idbpg jg tcpg cbdmkb6 ’ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ iˑdg Ked`ak dg Ked`ak ceskrt `uttge 6 ’ skakicgek gs kstcags jk cbdmkb quk kstdrˑdg dg jcspge jcsp geººĴvkcs dg usuºdrcg6 drcg6 dg6 ’ skakicgek g kstcag pdjrˑdg6 G bºgjua gj uagg Ceskrt ºk ubd datkredtcvd dg bº gjuag gjuag CBIK, pdrd bdetkr cbdmkes kb idbpgs ( fflkajs ) prºgprcgs, gprcgs, prkskrvdejg ds rkstrc¾iˑ iˑgks gks igefflmurº dvkcs dgs tcpgs jk igetkº dvkcs ujg, ujg, bds eˑdg dg g su`stctuc igbpaktdbketk. G bº gjuag gjuag CBIK ºk ekik ek ikss ssº drcg dºrcg pdrd pd rd djcicgedr djcicge dr cbdmkes d @agigs, @ag igs, d Bcec Xdceºkcs kcs gu d id`k¾idangs idangs jk \ckws, quk eˑdg dg ldzkb sketcjg kstdrkb kb tcpgs jk igetkº ujg. ujg. Dg djcicgedr ub igetkº ujg igetkejg, dg bkegs, ub idbpg jk tkxtg agemg (`gjy ujg (`gjy ) k ub idbpg jk cbdmkb, ikrtcfflquk-sk jk quk g lgrbdtg jk tkxtg skakicgedjg tkb pkrbcssˑ dg pdrd usdr d tdm d tdm NZBA cbm, k, dpºgs gs ldzkr upagdj ldzkr upagdj jd jd cbdmkb eg idbpg, usk g `gtˑdg Ceskrt dg Ceskrt . Dg nd`cactdr d gp¾iˑ iˑdg Ked`ak dg Ked`ak ceskrt `uttge , tketk-sk d giuatdr g idbpg jk cbdmkb eg mkrkeicdbketg jd kxc`c¾iˑ idg, ˑdg, idsg igetrº drcg drcg d cbdmkb skrºd kxc`cj kxc`cjdd juds vkzks. vkzks. Xg Xgrr bkcg bkcg jd prgprckjdj prgprckjdjkk jd cbdmkb cbdmk b ceskrcj ce skrcjdd ºk pgss p gssººĴvka igefflmu i gefflmurdr rdr `grjd `gr jd k dacendb d acendbketg ketg ( ffgdt ffgdt ). ).
;.<. ;.<.44 44
Acef AcefCt Ct
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/ac .grm/prgokit/acefct efct • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda iˑdg dg jk acefs pdrd pº dmceds dmceds cetkreds cetkreds cetkmrº cetkmrº dvka dvka dg IFKjctgr6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? ircd¾iˑ • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/igetket/acefct
idg dˑg pdrd g AcefCt6 ’ irck ub egvg pkrffla jk igefflmurd¾iˑ ∝ skakicg s kakicgek ek gs g s pdpº pd pºkcs kcs quk q uk utcaczd u tcaczdrˑ rˑ dg dg kssk pkrffla6 ∝ skakicgek dg bkegs g paumce Egjk pdrd d pksqucsd jk acefs6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
∝ igefflmurk g tgfke pdrd acstdr gs acefs? Vegjk?dutngrR - Vegjk?uraR ujg ujg jcspgeº jcspgeºĴvkcs pdrd d pksqucsd jk acefs6 ∝ skakicgek gs tcpgs jk igetkº ∝ dtcvk g dmrupdbketg jgs acefs6 iˑdg Kjctgr dg Kjctgr Dppkrdrdeik 6 ’ kjctk ub pkrffla jg Ifkjctgr k cjketcfflquk d sk¾iˑ ∝ drrdstk g ºĴigek Ĵigek jk j k acef igb g sceda jk + pdrd Iurrket pdrd Iurrket tgga`dr 6 idg Yuppgrt dˑg Yuppgrt lgr Acefct bgjuak 6 ∝ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ G bºgjuag IFKjctgr gjuag IFKjctgr Acef º Acef ºk ubd u bd datkredtcvd datkr edtcvd bdcs scbpaks scbpak s dg d g AcefCt, igb igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg scbcadr, pgrºkb kb skb pgssc`cacjdjk jk ircdr pkrffla. G bºgjuag Xdtngagmci gjuag Xdtngagmci pgjk pgjk skr utcaczdjg pdrd bdetkr gs acefs igrrktgs dcejd quk d [PA skod datkr datkrdjd djd.. Dp Dpº gs gºs cestdaºd-ag, d-ag, dtcvk g fflatrg ‒Igrrmcr [PAs igb Xdtngagmci‒pdrd g lgrbdtg jk tkxtg igks g ˑks ← Ircd¾iˑ idg d ˑg jk igetkº ujg ujg ← Lgrbdtgs jk tkxtg . utcaczdjg pkags usuºdrcgs drcgs kb Igefflmurd¾iˑ
;.<. ;.<.40 40
Jdtk Jdtk (Lck (Lckaj aj))
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/jd .grm/prgokit/jdtk tk • Lue¾iˑ dg? idbpg (fflkaj) jg tcpg jdtd6 • [sg? ’ djcicgek ub idbpg jg tcpg Jdtk d ub tcpg jk igetkº ujg6 ujg6 G idbpg jk jdtd pgjk skr dprksketdjg pgr bkcg jk ub Idbpg jk tkxtg , kb quk usuºdrcg drcg jkvk jcmctdr sku igetkº ujg, ujg, igbg 44/084=, gu jk ubd Acstd jk skak¾iˑ idg d ˑg, kb quk skrºd kxc`cjg ubd acstd igb vdagrks kspkiº kspkiºĴffligs pdrd idjd pdrtk jd jdtd. Eg skmuejg idsg, gs vdagrks cecicdcs k ffledcs pdrd skak¾iˑ iˑdg dg jg Deg sˑdg dg igefflmurº dvkcs dvkcs pkad kjc¾iˑ iˑdg dg jg idbpg jk jdtd.
Xgpup lgrekik ub idbpg jk tkxtg quk utcaczd ub idakejº G su`bºgjuag gjuag Jdtk Xgpup drcg, drcg, qudejg iacidjg. Dpº gs gs nd`cactdr kstk bºgjuag, gjuag, skakicgek d gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg Xgp-up idakejdr igbg wcjmkt igbg wcjmkt jg jg idbpg jk jdtd. Bˌ ks k Deg, d skak¾iˑ Kb`grd g idakejº drcg drcg skod utca uºtca sgbketk pdrd skak¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk jdtds igb Jcd, Bˌ idg dˑg jk ngrd pgssuc ubd bºdsidrd dsidrd `dstdetk utca, uºtca, quk pkrbctk d skak¾iˑ idg dˑg usdejg ds sktds pdrd icbd k pdrd `dcxg `dcxg jg tkiad tkiadjg. jg. Tudejg Tudejg d jdtd jdtd utcac utcaczd zd dpkeds dpkeds Bˌ Bˌ ks k Deg, g wcjmkt d Acstd jk skak¾iˑ dg tkb bkangr usd`cacjdjk. Nºd gutrds gp¾iˑ igks gˑks kspki ksp kiººĴfflids pdrd d skak¾ s kak¾iˑ idg dˑg jd ngrd pgr bkcg jg bgusk jg bgusk , igbg ds rgtceds ]vkmd kxkbpa cfflidjgs gs eg Dpˌkeicik keici k D. Zcbkpcifkr gu Ytdelgrj Zcbkpcifkr , kxkbpacfflidj
\ckw igb acstd jk drqucvgs igb fflatrg pgr deg • irck g tcpg jk igetkº grcg jk jkspksd bkesda 6 grcg ujg Pkadtº ujg ujg6 ujg6 ’ djcicgek ub idbpg jg tcpg Jdtd dg tcpg jk igetkº ’ bdetkend nd`cactdjg sgbketk gs dtrc`utgs Deg k Bˌ Bˌ ks6 ’ djcicgek ub idbpg jg tcpg Drqucvg dg tcpg jk igetkº ujg6 ujg6 ujg ujg jkstk tcpg6 • pu`acquk damub igetkº ujg ujg jg tcpg Pkadtº • irck ubd \ckw pdrd kxc`cr igetkº grcg jk jkspksd bkesda 6 grcg iˑdg dg igbg Mrcj jk fflkajs6 ’ skakicgek g lgrbdtg jk kxc`c¾iˑ ’ igefflmurk g pdmcedjgr pdrd kxc`cr tgjgs gs ctkes6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
krcg jk grjked¾ grjk ed¾iˑ idg6 dˑg6 ’ igefflmurk g idbpg jk Jdtd igbg irctºkrcg krcg jk grjked¾ grjk ed¾iˑ iˑdg6 dg6 ’ rkbgvd g idbpg Xgst jdtk igbg irctºkrcg
• djcicgek g idbpg jk Drqucvg dh \ckw6 ’ bdrquk d gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg Kxiaujk lrgb jcspady6 ’ igefflmurk d gp¾iˑ idg dˑg Lgrbdttkr igbg [PA jg drqucvg6 ’ igefflmurk g lgrbdtg jd jdtd pdrd? L/S6 • djcicgek g idbpg jk Jdtd hd \ckw6 idg dˑg Irkdtk d ad`ka 6 ’ jksd`cactk d gp¾iˑ ’ igefflmurk d gp¾iˑ idg dˑg Inggsk ngw uskrs vckw jdtks dej tcbks igbg Xkrsgeaczdjg6 ’ igefflmurk g lgrbdtg jd jdtd pdrd? L/S6 ’ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg Gutput tncs fflkaj ds d acef6 ’ jkffled d gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg Acef pdtn igb g tgfke pdrd g idbpg jk Drqucvg6 ’ igesuatk g tgfke iacidejg ed gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg Pkpadikbket pdttkres 6
• rkbgvd d idbpg ZºĴtuag jd \ckw6 • rkbgvd g idbpg @gjy jd \ckw6 • djcicgek g idbpg jk Jdtd igbg irctºkrcg krcg jk fflatrdmkb6 fflatrd mkb6 ’ bdrquk d gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg Kxpgsk tncs fflatkr tg vcsctgrs, tg daagw tnkb tg indemk ct 6 ’ igefflmurk g rºgtuag gtuag jg g fflatrg6 ’ igefflmurk g vdagr pdjrˑ dg dg jg fflatrg igbg Ketkr rkadtcvk jdtk igbg S6 • igefflmurk g fflatrg jg idbpg jk Jdtd k skakicgek d mrdeuadrcjdjk pdrd Deg6 • igefflmurk ds gp¾iˑ igks gˑks dvde¾idjds6 idjds6 ’ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg Dutgsu`bct kb Kxpgskj lgrb styak6 ’ dtcvk d gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg [sk DOD^ igbg Ycb6 G su`bºgjuag gjuag Jdtk \ckws, lgrekicjg igb g bºgjuag gjuag Jdtk, pkrbctk d kxpgsc¾iˑ idg dˑg dg usuºdrcg drcg jk fflatrgs pdrd g idbpg jk jdtd, ceiauscvk pdrd skak¾iˑ idg dˑg kb lgrbd jk igb`g`gx jk igb`g`gx .
;.<.49 ;.<.49
Lckaj Lckaj \dacjdt dacjdtcge cge
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/lc .grm/prgokit/lckajWvdacjdtcge kajWvdacjdtcge • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda iˑdg dg jk idbpgs6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? rkiursgs pdrd vdacjd¾iˑ Zgfke. • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? Zgfke. • [sg?
idg dˑg d ub idbpg kb Mkrkeicdr idbpgs 6 ’ djcicgek ubd vdacjd¾iˑ
;.<.4: ;.<.4:
Sgutu`k gutu`k (Lckaj (Lckaj))
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/yg .grm/prgokit/ygutu`k utu`k • Lue¾iˑ dg? idbpg (fflkaj) pdrd cetkmrdr cetkmrdr vº vºĴjkgs jg ygutu`k ygutu`k d pº dmced6 • [sg? ’ djcicgek g idbpg Sgutu` Sgut u`k k vºĴjkg Ĵj kg d ub tcpg jk igetkº ujg6 ujg6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
ujg k celgrbk ubd [PA jg Sgutu`k ekstk idbpg6 ujg ’ idjdstrk ub igetkº G bºgjuag gjuag Sgutu`k (Lckaj) lgrekik igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑgks gks djcicgedcs qudejg utcaczdjg kb ubd \ckw, skejg pgss pgs sºĴvka kspkicffli ksp kicfflidr dr d daturd datur d k adrmurd adrmu rd jg vºĴjkg, ceº ceºĴicg dutgbº dutgbdtcig, º rkpktc¾iˑ iˑdg dg k giuatdr giu atdr g tºĴtuag gu gs igetrgaks igetrg aks jg vºĴjkg.
;.<.4; ;.<.4;
CLrdb CL rdbk k (Lckaj (Lckaj))
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/cl .grm/prgokit/clrdbk rdbk • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda idg dˑg jk [PA pgr CLrdbk6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? idbpg (fflkaj) pdrd ceskr¾iˑ • [sg?
’ djcicgek g idbpg CLrdbk d ub tcpg jk igetkº ujg6 ujg6 iˑgks gks jg idbpg, igbg jksdac`ctdr g Yirgaa g Yirgaa , acbpk d idink jg Jrupda6 ’ idsg datkrk ds igefflmurd¾iˑ ujg k celgrbk d [PA quk skrº ujg d rkejkrczdjd kb ub CLrdbk ub CLrdbk 6 ’ idjdstrk ub igetkº G usg jk CLrdbks pgssuc damubds rkstrc¾iˑ igks gˑks dpacidjds pkags edvkmdjgrks. Tudejg g sctk prceicpda kstcvkr usdejg NZZXY, sgbketk skrº d pgss pgs sºĴvka ceiaucr ceiauc r pºdmceds dmceds quk tdb`º kb kb kstkodb sg` NZZXY. [bd gutrd rkstrc¾iˑ idg dˑg jkpkejk jd rkspgstd NZZX pdrd d [PA davg, quk pgjk igetkr g id`k¾ idang ^-Lrdbk-Gptcges , gu sku suikssgr Igetket-Ykiurcty-Xgaciy, quk jktkrbcedrºd sk g edvkmdjgr kstºd dutgrczdjg dutgrczdjg d kxc`º kxc`ºĴ-ad kb ub CLrdbk. CLrdbk. Ekstk idsg, damues sctks pgjkrˑ p gjkrˑ dg kstdr igefflmurdjgs pdrd eˑdg dg skrkb rkejkrczdjgs jketrg jk ub CLrdbk. Idsg ds prgprckjdjks jg idbpg jk CLrdbk jg tcpg jk igetkº ujg skodb datkrdjds skrº d ekikssºdrcg drcg sdavdr cejcvcjudabketk idjd igetkº ujg igb kstk idbpg pdrd dpaciº ujg d-ads. d-ads.
;.<.4< ;.<.4<
Ketct Ketcty y Pklk Pklkrke rkeik ik (Lckaj (Lckaj))
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/ke .grm/prgokit/ketctyrklkrkeik tctyrklkrkeik • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda suctk k Ketcty DXC. DXC. • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? Indgs tggas suctk k • Lue¾iˑ dg? idbpg quk rkadicged ub egjk d gutrg egjk (Egjk jk Xkssgd igb g Egjk jk Acvrg)6 • [sg?
djcicgek g idbpg Ketcty Pklkrkeik d ub tcpg jk igetkº ujg pdrd ircdr ub rkadicgedbketg6 ujg ’ djcicgek idg dˑg jg idbpg (dutgigbpaktk, skakit acst gr inkif`gx/rdjcg)6 ’ jkffled d lgrbd jk kxc`c¾iˑ rkadicgedbketg tdrmkt typk pdrd typk pdrd egjk, usuº drcg, drcg, tkrbg gu vgid`uaºdrcg drcg jk tdxgeg’ jkffled g rkadicgedbketg tdrmkt bcd6
;.<.4= ;.<.4=
DjjZ DjjZgDey gDey
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/dj .grm/prgokit/djjtgdey jtgdey • Lue¾iˑ dg? cetkmrd¾iˑ idg dˑg pdrd igbpdrtcandbketg jk egjks kb rkjks sgicdcs6 • [sg? ’ dikssk ds igefflmurd¾iˑ igs ]k`6 igks gˑks kb Ykrvc¾igs ’ skakicgek gs tcpgs jk igetkº ujg ujg kb quk gs ºĴigeks skrˑ dg dg kxc`cjgs6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
;.<. ;.<.4> 4>
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
Yndr Yn drkZ kZnc ncss
nttps?//jrupda.grm/ da.grm/prgokit/sndrktnc prgokit/sndrktncss • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrup idg dˑg pdrd igbpdrtcandr egjks kb rkjks sgicdcs6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? cetkmrd¾iˑ
;.<.4 .<.43 3
Lad Ladm
nttps?//jrupda.grm/ da.grm/prgokit/ffdm prgokit/ffdm • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrup idg dˑg pdrd skakicgedr (`ggfbdrf) igetkº ujgs6 ujgs6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? cetkmrd¾iˑ
;.<. ;.<.08 08
Jcspa Jcspad dy Yu Yuct ctk k
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/js .grm/prgokit/js • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda • Lue¾iˑ dg? mkrkeicdbketg jg akcdutk jg igetkº ujg ujg (egjk, igbketº drcgs drcgs k usuºdrcg)6 drcg)6 • [sg? /djbce/struiturk/js
’ dikssk d gp¾iˑ iˑdg dg –bdedmk jcspady– dg kjctdr ub tcpg jk igetkº ujg6 ujg6 ’ cjketcfflquk gs vckws bgjks nd`cactdjgs6 dmceds /egjk/VCjR usdb g vckw bgjk –jklduat–, sk g –Luaa Igetket– eˑdg dg lgr dtcvdjg6 ’ ds pºdmceds ujg6 ’ skakicgek ub akcdutk pdrd vckw bgjk –jklduat– jkstk tcpg jk igetkº dvkcs dg akcdutk6 ’ cjketcfflquk gs drqucvgs jk tkbpadtk (.tpa.pnp) dpaciºdvkcs ujg ujg ds dhs rkmcˑgks gks jg akcdutk6 ’ dssgick gs idbpgs jg tcpg jk igetkº ’ dtcvdr g vckw bgjk pdrd –Luaa Igetket–6 ’ dikssk ub egjk6 ’ jksdtcvk g vckw bgjk –Luaa Igetket–6 ’ irck g vckw bgjk –Zkdskr sbdaa– (jksirc¾iˑ idg) dˑg) pdrd d ketcjdjk –egjk–6 ’ skakicgek g akcdutk pdrd g vckw bgjk –Zkdskr sbdaa– k dssgick gs idbpgs6 ’ irck ubd vckw k usk d igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk kxc`c¾iˑ iˑdg dg pdrd igetkº ujg ujg jk –Zkdskr sbdaa–6 G bºgjuag gjuag Jcspady Yuctk su`stctuc g usg jg tkbpadtk egjk.tpa.pnp pgr ub scstkbd jk akcdutk igefflmurºdvka dvka igb d idpdicjdjk jk ceiaucr \ckws jk `agig igb supgrtk d acefs igetkxtudcs.
;.<. ;.<.04 04
Ygicd Ygicdaa Bkjc Bkjcd d
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/sg .grm/prgokit/sgicdabkjcd icdabkjcd • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda drcgs6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? acefs pdrd rkjks sgicdcs pdrd g pkrffla jgs usuºdrcgs6 /djbce/igefflm/bkjcd/sgicda cd/sgicdabkjcd bkjcd • [sg? /djbce/igefflm/bkj
jk ffled ds rkjks sgicdcs sg icdcs jcspge jcsp geººĴvkcs pdrd g pkrffla jg usuº drcg6 drcg6 ’ jkffled dg Djbcecstkr gwe sgicda prgfflaks pdrd ub usuºdrcg6 drcg6 ’ dtrc`ud d pkrbcssˑdg G bºgjuag gjuag ]cjmkts ºk rkqukrcjg rkqukrcjg pdrd jcspgec`caczdr jcspgec`caczdr `agigs k iustgbczdr iustgbczdr gs acefs pdrd rkjks sgicdcs pdrd g igetkº ujg ujg (egjk). Idsg Idsg jkskokjkskok-sk sk dpkeds acefs pdrd rkjks rkjks sgicdcs, sgicdcs, pgjk-sk gptdr pgr tkbds quk oº d lgrek¾idb idb kssk rkiursg, quk sˑ dg dg iustgbczº dvkcs dvkcs pkad igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jg tkbd.
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
;.=
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
Xdekas
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrup nttps?//jrupda.grm/ da.grm/prgokit/pdekas prgokit/pdekas • Lue¾iˑ dg? mkrkeicdbketg jg akcdutk jk pº dmced dmced k jk `agig6 • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? itggas (pdmk bdedmkr, vckws igetket pdeks)6 • [sg? /djbce/struiturk/pdekas ’ dtcvdr bºgjuags gjuags Xdmk Bdedmkr, Xdekas k Ytyaczkr6 ’ vcsˑdg dg mkrda jgs kakbketgs jg bº gjuag Xdekas (pdmks, bcec, styaczkr)6 gjuag \ckw igetke igetkett pdeks pdeks pkrbctk quk \ckws skodb dagidjds kb Xdekas, oºd g G su`bºgjuag gjuag \ckw su`bºgjuag gjuag Bcec pdmkr pkrbctk ircdr `agigs d pdrtcr jk Xdekas..
;.=. ;.=.4 4
Xde deka ka Xdmks dmks
/djbce/struiturk/pdmks pdmks • [PA? /djbce/struiturk/ • [sg? dmceds jk pdceºkcs kcs (pdeka pdmk/iustgb pdmk)6 ’ acstdr pºdmceds dmced)6 ’ ircdr ub pdceka (akcdutk jk pºdmced)6 gtuag djbcecstrdtcv djbcecstrdtcvgg jg pdceka (cetkrldik djbcecstrdtcv djbcecstrdtcvd)6 d)6 ’ jkfflecr g rºgtuag ’ jkfflecr d [PA rkadtcvd jg pdceka6 dmced dmced cecicda jg sctk6 ’ jkicjcr sk g egvg pdceka skrºd d pº ’ jkfflecr g akcdutk jg pdceka (0-igas, 9-igas, `rcifs gu stdifkj)6 ’ jkfflecr sk g akcdutk sk dpacid dg Idevds gu d drkd dºrkd jg akcdutk6 ’ djcicgedr gu rkbgvkr iadssks IYY jg `gjy (rdrdbketk usdjg)6 ’ jkfflecr sk g usuºdrcg drcg pgjkrº d trgidr g igetkº ujg ujg ketrk drkds dºrkds jg akcdutk6 ’ jkfflecr IYY CJ pdrd g egvg pdceka6 ’ djcicgedr iºgjcmg gjcmg IYY pdrd g pdceka6 gtuag gtuag (tctak) jg pdceka6 ’ jkfflecr gu rkbgvkr g rº dºrkds jg akcdutk (tgp, aklt scjk, `gttgb, kti)6 ’ cjketcfflidr ds drkds ujg ujg kxcstketk ds dhs drkds dºrkds jk akcdutk (egjk, `agig, vckws)6 ’ vceiuadr igetkº iˑdg d g jg rº gtuag gtuag jd drkd dºrkd k jg igetkº ujg6 ujg6 ’ jkfflecr d kxc`c¾iˑ idg ˑdg jk acef eg igetkº ujg ujg pdrd igbketº drcgs6 drcgs6 ’ jkfflecr d kxc`c¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk acef pdrd akr bdcs (qudejg kb bgjg tkdskr)6 ’ jkfflecr d kxc`c¾iˑ idg dˑg (igetkº ujg igbpaktg, tkdskr gu PYY)6 ujg ’ jkfflecr bgjg jk kxc`c¾iˑ ’ rkgrmdeczdr g igetkº ujg ujg jg akcdutk ketrk ds drkds dºrkds jg akcdutk6 ’ trdvdr pgsc¾iˑ idg dˑg (agif) jg igetkº ujg vceiuadjg (cbpkjk bujº ujg d-ag d-ag jk drkd)6 dºrkd)6 ’ trdvdr pgsc¾iˑ idg dˑg jg igetkº ujg vceiuadjg, acbctdjg d ºdrkds ujg drkds jkfflecjds6 ’ djcicgedr pdceka vdrcdetk6 ’ iagedr pdceka vdrcdetk6 ’ jkfflecr g akcdutk jg pdceka vdrcdetk6 ujg ujg ds dhs drkds dºrkds jk akcdutk jg pdceka vdrcdetk6 ’ vceiuadr igetkº ’ jkfflecr egbk djbcecstrdtcvg pdrd g pdceka vdrcdetk6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
’ jkfflecr d grjkb jg pdceka vdrcdetk (prcgrcjdjk eg tkstk jds rkmrds)6 iˑdg dg pdrd idjd pdceka vdrcdetk6 ’ jkfflecr rkmrds jk skak¾iˑ iˑdg dg d pdrtcr pdrtc r jk pdpºkcs6 kcs6 ’ jkfflecr rkmrds jk skak¾iˑ idg6 dˑg6 ’ kjctdr gu rkbgvkr rkmrds jk skak¾iˑ gmcig (DEJ, GP) jds rkmrds jk skak¾iˑ iˑdg6 dg6 ’ jkfflecr g gpkrdjgr aºgmcig dmced dmc ed jk pdceº pdc eºkcs6 kcs 6 ’ kxpgrtdr k cbpgrtdr pdceka vdrcdetk pdrd gutrd pº ’ rkbgvkr gu jksd`cactdr pdceka vdrcdetk6
;.=. ;.=.0 0
Ytya Ytyacz czkr kr
• [PA? /djbce/struiturk/styaczkr • [sg? dvka (iustgb styak)6 ’ acstdr kstcags iustgbczºdvka ’ djcicgedr egvg kstcag6 dºrkd jg akcdutk (rkmcge) gu jk sku igetkº ujg ujg (pdek)6 ’ jkfflecr kstcag jk drkd ’ jkfflecr kstcag jd `grjd (rguejkj sndjgw `gx gu padce)6 idbketg, idbketg, pdjjcem, kti, ’ jkfflecr igr jk luejg, igr jg tkxtg, lgetk, kspd¾ dvka (qudejg ircdjg jkscme jk pº dmceds)6 dmceds)6 ’ jkfflecr kstcag igbg rkutcaczºdvka ’ kxpgrtdr g kstcag pdrd utcaczd¾iˑ idg dˑg kb gutrd cestˌ deicd deicd jg jrupda6
;.=. ;.=.9 9
Bcec Bcec Xde deka kass
• [PA? /djbce/struiturk/bcec-pdekas • [sg? ac stdrr bcecb cec-pdc pdceº eºkcs6 kcs 6 ’ acstd ’ ircdr bcec-pdceka (akcdutk jk `agig)6 gtuag, jksirc¾iˑ idg dˑg k idtkmgrcd djbcecstrdtcvd jg bcec-pdceka6 ’ jkfflecr g rºgtuag, ’ jkfflecr g akcdutk jg bcec-pdceka6 ’ vceiuadr igetkº ujg ujg ds dhs drkds dºrkds jk akcdutk jg bcec-pdceka6 ’ dssgicdr bcec-pdceka d ubd rkmcˑdg dg jg tkbd (`agig)6 ’ kxpgrtdr k cbpgrtdr cbp grtdr bcec-pdceºkcs kcs (kb (k b gutrd gutr d cestˌ deicd deicd jg jrupda)6 ’ vceiuadr vceiua dr bcec-pdceº bcec-p dceºkcs kcs kb drkds dºrkds (rkmcˑ dg) dg) jk pºdmceds dmc eds jk pdceº pdc eºkcs6 kcs 6
;.=. ;.=.: :
Ady Ad ygut gut
• [PA? /djbce/struiturk/pdekas/adyguts • [sg? ’ acstdr akcdutks (Xdekas -5 Adyguts)6 dmceds dmced s jk j k pdceº p dceºkcs kcs (ffkxc`ak (ffkxc `ak adygut)6 ’ ircdr ub egvg akcdutk pdrd pº ’ jkfflecr g rºgtuag gtuag djbcecstrdtcvg jg akcdutk6 ’ jkfflecr idtkmgrcd jg akcdutk6 ’ djcicgedr igaueds, acends k rkmcˑ gks gks (º drkds drkds jg akcdutk)6
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag ;. Bº gjuags gjuags jg Jrupda
’ rkjcbkescgedr igaueds6 ’ dtcvdr Xdekas Ce-Xadik Kjctgr6 ’ cjketcfflidr Xdekas Ce-Xadik Kjctgr6 gjuag Xdeka egjks6 ’ dtcvdr bºgjuag rkjkfflecr akcdutk akcdutk jk ub tcpg jk igetkº ujg6 ’ rkjkfflecr
;.> ;.> ;.>. ;.>.4 4
Diks Dikssc sc`c `cac acjd jdjk jk Ncmn Ncmn ige igetrds trdstt
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/ncmn igetrdst • Lue¾iˑ dg? datkrd g vcsuda pdrd datg igetrdstk6 [tcaczk g bºgjuag gjuag Bkeu dttrc`utks pdrd djcicgedr d ub ctkb jk bkeu ub CJ gu ubd iadssk IYY pdrd cjketcffliº d-ag igbg dtcvdjgr jg datg igetrdstk, kb skmucjd usk odvdsircpt pgr bkcg jg su`tkbd d-ag pdrd djcicgedr d indbdjd odvdsircpt jrupdaNcmnIgetrdst.tgmmakNcmnIge jrupdaNcmnIgetrdst.tgmmakNcmnIgetrdst()6 trdst()6 d kstk ctkb jk bkeu. sktZcbkgut(lueitcge() sktZcbkgut(lueitcge() { oTukry(".diikss-ncmn-igetrdst" oTukry(".diikss-ncmn-igetrdst").dttr("nrkl", ).dttr("nrkl", "#")6 oTukry(".diikss-ncmn-igetrdst" oTukry(".diikss-ncmn-igetrdst").iacif(lueitcg ).iacif(lueitcge($) e($) { jrupdaNcmnIgetrdst.tgmmakNcmnIgetrdst()6 } )6 }, ;88)6 ;88)6
IDXºCZ[AG
<
Zkbds jg Jrupda • Xksqucsd k ºĴejcik Ĵejcik jk tkbds nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/prg .grm/prgokit/prgokitWtnkbk okitWtnkbk ’ nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/prg .grm/prgokit/prgokitWtnkbk/cejk okitWtnkbk/cejkx x ’ nttps?//jrupda
<.4
Pklkrˌ keicds keicds
nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/0=303 .grm/egjk/0=303=9 =9 ⇐ mucd jg scstkbd jk tkbds jg Jrupda =6 • nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/4=443 .grm/egjk/4=443: : ⇐ gvkrvckw6 • nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/00;40 .grm/egjk/00;40; ; ⇐ su`-tnkbk6 • nttps?//jrupda • nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/9>>9= .grm/egjk/9>>9=0 0 ⇐ jklduat IYY iadssks6 • nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/==>>> .grm/egjk/==>>>: : ⇐ `agifs IYY CJs6 • nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/0>803 .grm/egjk/0>80334 34 ⇐ igjk stdejdrjs6 nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/4>><= .grm/egjk/4>><==8 =8 ⇐ IYY igjk stdejdrjs6 • nttps?//jrupda • nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/49;: ⇐ DXC jgiubketdtcge dej igbbket stdejdrjs6 nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/48>3< .grm/egjk/48>3<;< ;< ⇐ tnkbks nggf6 • nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/438>4 .grm/egjk/438>4; ; ⇐ igrk .tpa.pnp6 • nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/949;4 .grm/egjk/949;48 8 ⇐ igevkrtkejg g akcdutk pdrd tkbpadtk6 • nttps?//jrupda dtcids dtcids jk dikssc`cacjdjk6 nttps?//jrupda.grm/egjk/93:83 .grm/egjk/93:83: : ⇐ `gds prº • nttps?//jrupda nttps?//www.ygutu`k.igb/wdtin utu`k.igb/wdtin7v2iGq\^vkpDaw 7v2iGq\^vkpDaw ⇐ Kvdaudtcem @dsk Znkbks6 • nttps?//www.yg
Ekstk drtcmgV4R drtcmgV4R,, Kbbd Odek Ngm`ce, iadsscfflid gs tkbds `dsk kb trˌks ks mrupgs mr upgs Vpº dm. dm. 9-:R, igb g` oktcvgs Vpºdm. dm. ;R k dpacid`cacjdjks dpacid`cacjdjks Vpº dm. dm.
<.0
Jcrktgrcgs g ºrcgs Agidcs
• /tnkbks/ ⇐ tkbds jg eº uiakg uiakg jg Jrupda6 • /sctks/daa/tnkbks/ ⇐ tkbds jcspgeº jcspgeºĴvkcs pdrd pd rd tgjgs gs sctks6 • /sctks /s ctks/Vc /Vcestˌ estˌdeicdR/ deic dR/tnkb tnkbks/ ks/ ⇐ tkbds jcspgeº jcspgeºĴvkcs pdrd pdr d ub jktkrbcedjg sctk6 Eˑdg dg igagquk tkbds eg jcrktº grcg grcg jk tkbds jg eº uiakg jg Jrupda, cstg pgjk idusdr prg`akbds jk uiakg dtudaczd¾iˑ idg dˑg jg Jrupda.
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
<.9
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag <. Zkbds jg Jrupda
Zkbds kbds `d `dsk sk
G prgikssdbketg jk tkbds jg Jrupda utcaczd ub bgjkag jk nkrde¾id i d kb quk qudaqukr tkbd pgjk skr utcaczdjg igbg tkbd `dsk pdrd skr igbpaktdbketk iustgbczdjg, skod igb datkrd¾iˑ iˑgks gks jk IYY, jk OdvdYircpt, jk tkbpadtks jk tkbpadtks gu gu jds gp¾iˑ iˑgks gks jk igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jg tkbd jcspgeº jcspgeºĴvkcs dgs usuº drcgs. drcgs. Ircdr ub su`tkbd ºk d lgrbd pdrd sg`rkpgr qudaqukr igbpgrtdbketg jg tkbd `dsk . Dpksdr jk qudaqukr tkbd pgjkr skr utcaczdjg igbg tkbd `dsk pdrd d ircd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk ub su`tkbd, nºd tkbds jkskevgavcjgs uecidbketk pdrd skrkb utcaczdjgs igbg tkbd `dsk, sˑdg dg ub pgetg jk pdrtcjd k lgrekikb rkiursgs quk dmcaczdb g jkskevgavcbketg. Kssks tkbds `dsk sˑdg dg utkcs uºtkcs dpkeds pdrd g jkskevgavcbketg jk egvgs tkbds, qudejg dtcvdjgs jcrktdbketk dprksketdb ubd cetkrldik skb qudaqukr cjketcjdjk vcsuda, gu skod, skb kstcags.
<.9.4
_ke
G _ke ºk ub tkbd `dsk kspkicdaczdjg kspkicdaczdjg pdrd g jkskevga jkskevgavcbke vcbketg tg jk su`tkbds su`tkbds lrgb sirdtin , gu skod, d pdrtcr jk ircd¾iˑ idg dˑg tkbpadtks tkbpadtks NZBA, NZBA, drqucvgs drqucvgs IYY k Odv OdvdYircpt dYircpt.. G _ke vkb igbg rkiursgs rkiursgs pdrd utcaczd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk rkiursgs igbg g Muap, YDYY k IGBXDYY. nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/zke rm/prgokit/zke • [PA? nttps?//jrupda.g • Lue¾iˑ dg? tkbd `dsk pdrd g jkskevgavcbketg lrgb jkskevgavcbketg lrgb sirdtin 6 • [sg?
’ igesuatk ds cestru¾iˑ iˑgks gks kb zke/YZDPZKPFCZ/PKDJBK.txt k irck ub su`tkbd6 ip -d sctks/daa/tnkbks/zke/YZDPZKPFCZ sctks/daa/tnkbks/zke/YZDPZKPFCZ sctks/daa/tnkbks/byzketnkbk sctks/daa/tnkbks/byzketnkbk ij sctks/daa/tnkbks/byzketnkbk sctks/daa/tnkbks/byzketnkbk ip ../zke/tkbpadtks/ntba.tpa.pnp ../zke/tkbpadtks/ntba.tpa.pnp tkbpadtks/ ip ../zke ../zke/tk /tkbpa bpadtk dtks/p s/pdmk dmk.tp .tpa.p a.pnp np tkbpad tkbpadtks tks/ / # k gutrgs gutrgs tkbpad tkbpadtks tks6 6 bv YZDPZKPFCZ.celg.txt YZDPZKPFCZ.celg.txt byzketnkbk.celg byzketnkbk.celg kjctdr byzketnkbk.celg byzketnkbk.celg tguin byzketnkbk.iss skj -c –s/YZDPZK –s/YZDPZKPFCZ/ PFCZ/byzke byzketnkb tnkbk/m– k/m– tkbpadtk. tkbpadtk.pnp pnp skj -c –s/YZDPZKPFCZ/byzketnkbk/m– –s/YZDPZKPFCZ/byzketnkbk/m– tnkbk-skttcems.pnp
<.9.0 .9.0
Zdg
G Zdg ºk ub tkbd `dsk pdrd g jkskevgavcbketg jkskevgavcbketg lrgb lrgb sirdtin jk jk su`tkbds. su`tkbds. Lgrekik g IYY rkskt.iss IYY rkskt.iss pdrd sg`rkpgr tgjgs gs kstcags pdjrˑ gks jg edvkmdjgrks, `kb igbg jrupda.iss gks igbg jrupda.iss pdrd pdrd rkcbpakbketdr kstcags IYY jg eº uiakg uiakg jg Jrupda quk sˑdg dg lueicgedabketk lueicgedabketk cbpgrtdetks k g `dsk.iss pdrd pdrd doustks kstruturdcs jgs kakbketgs. kakbketgs. Daºkb kb jcssg, pgssuc drqucvgs jk tkbpadtk tkbpadtk pdrd fflkajskt.tpa.pnp fflkajskt.tpa.pnp,, egjk.tpa.pnp, egjk.tpa.pnp, g`okit.tpa.pnp, g`okit.tpa.pnp, pdmk.tpa.pnp k vckws-vckw-mrcj.tpa.pnp. \kod bdcs celgrbd¾iˑ igks gˑks eg drqucvg PKDJBK.bj quk digbpdend g bºgjuag. gjuag. nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/tdg rm/prgokit/tdg • [PA? nttps?//jrupda.g jkskevgavcbketg lrgb sirdtin 6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? tkbd `dsk pdrd g jkskevgavcbketg lrgb
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag <. Zkbds jg Jrupda
• [sg? ’ irck ub egvg su`tkbd k jkffled g pdrˌ dbktrg dbktrg `dsk tnkbk 2 tdg eg drqucvg .celg6 G tkbd djbcecstrdtcvg Pu`cf ºk ub kxkbpag jk su`tkbd jg Zdg.
<.9.9 <.9.9
Djdptc Djdptcv vk Znkb Znkbk k (D (DZ Igrk Igrk))
Djdptcvk Znkbk (DZ Igrk) ºk ub lrdbkwgrf quk quk prgvˌ k ub akcdutk rkspgescvg k ub igeouetg jk º lkrrdbketds pdrd g jkskevgavcbketg jk su`tkbds. K ub tkbd `dsk utcaczdjg pgr su`tkbds igbg g Xcxturk Pkagdjkj k Yfy. D jgiubketd¾iˑ iˑdg dg pdrd ircd¾iˑ idg dˑg jk su`tkbds jg Djdptcvk Znkbk kstºd jcsp jc spgeº geºĴvka Ĵvk a kb nttps?//djdptc nttps?//djdptcvktnkbks.igb/jg vktnkbks.igb/jgiubketdtcge iubketdtcge . Gs tkbds jkrcvdjgs jg Djdptcvk Znkbk - DZ lgrekikb ubd cetkrldik igbpaktd jk igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jk akcdutk k kstcags pdrd usuºdrcgs drcgs quk eˑdg dg igenkikb prgmrdbd¾iˑ iˑdg. dg. nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/djdp rm/prgokit/djdptcvktnkbk tcvktnkbk • [PA? nttps?//jrupda.g idg dˑg pgr igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑdg6 dg6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? tkbd pdrd iustgbczd¾iˑ • Yu`tkbds jg Djdptcvk Znkbk nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/pcxturkWrkagdjkj turkWrkagdjkj ’ nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/pcx ∝ dssgick g bkeu Bdce Bkeu dh rkmcˑdg dg Bkeu @dr6 ∝ kxpkrcbketk gs sinkbds jk igrks Pkj Idrpkt k Dqudbdrcek6 dxcbd dxcbd jg sctk6 ∝ jksdtcvk gu datkrk d adrmurd bº dg Iustgb IYY6 ∝ dtcvk d kxtkesˑdg ’ nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/sfy ∝ dssgick g bkeu Bdce Bkeu dh rkmcˑdg dg Bkeu @dr6 ∝ kxpkrcbketk g sinkbd jk igrks @auk Yfy igb tkxturd jk igrpg jd pº dmced dmced Mrcj6 dmced dmced Jgts6 ∝ kxpkrcbketk g sinkbd jk igrks Xurpak igb tkxturd jk igrpg jd pº ∝ datkrk g dacendbketg jg idbpg cbdmkb pdrd ksqukrjd6 nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/gbk .grm/prgokit/gbkmd md ’ nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/igr .grm/prgokit/igrgaad gaad ’ nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/lgg .grm/prgokit/lggtnkbk tnkbk Vsfkaktge pdrd ircdr dt su`-tnkbkR6 ’ nttps?//jrupda
• [sg? ’ cestdak g tkbd DjdptcvkZn DjdptcvkZnkbk kbk6 ’ cestdak k dtcvk ub jgs su`tkbds jg Djdptcvk Znkbk 6 Gs drqucvgs jk tkbpadtk sˑdg dg bdcs igbpakxgs pgrquk ceiaukb aº gmcid gmcid pdrd quk d jkfflec¾iˑ iˑdg d g jg akcdutk jd pºdmced, dmced, igbg eº ubkrg jk igaueds k pkriketuda jk adrmurd jk idjd ubd, gigrrd pkad igefflubkrg murd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jg tkbd. Dpºgs g s cestdadr g Djdpt drcg drcg dikssdr ds Djdptcv cvk k Znkbk Znkbk - DZ k damub su`tkbd ºk ekikssº igefflmurd¾iˑ igks gˑks jg tkbd k sdavºd-ads d-ads dg bkegs ubd vkz, dcejd quk ekenubd igefflmurd¾iˑ iˑdg d g jg tkbd tkend scjg datkrdjd.
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
<.: <.:
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag <. Zkbds jg Jrupda
Kstr Kstrut utur urd d jg Zkbd kbd
[b egvg tkbd jkpkejk uecidbketk jd ircd¾ iˑ idg dˑg jk ub jcrktºgrcg grcg kb sctks/daa/tnkbks k ub drqucvg jk kxtkesˑ dg dg .celg igb bksbg egbk jg jcrktº grcg, ekstk kxkbpag, jkegbcedjg pgrtda `rdsca . grcg, $ bfjcr sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtdaW`rdsc sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtdaW`rdsca a $ tguin sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtdaW`rdsc sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtdaW`rdsca/pgrtdaW`rdsca a/pgrtdaW`rdsca.celg .celg
idg dˑg jk rkmcˑ gks gks k drqucvgs IYY6 • pgrtda `rdsca.celg ⇐ pdrdbktrczd¾iˑ 6 tnkb tnkbk k celg celg edbk edbk 2 Xgrtda Xgrtda @rdsca @rdsca jksircptc jksircptcge ge 2 Damubd Damubd jksirc¾ jksirc¾i~ dg dg djbcecst djbcecstrdtcv rdtcvd d (supgrtd (supgrtd tdms ntba) kemc kemcek ek 2 pnp pnptk tkbp bpad adtk tk 6 pdrd pdrd tkb tkbd d stde stdejd jdag agek ek6 6 `dsk tnkbk 2 `drtcf 6 pdrd su`tkbd6 6 gs drqu drqucv cvgs gs IYY, IYY, OY k d sirk sirkke kesn sngt gt s~dg nkrj nkrjdj djgs gs jg tkbd tkbd `dsk `dsk6 6 6 sk jkia jkiadr drdr dr igb igb bksb bksbg g egbk egbk, , gs drqu drqucv cvgs gs jg tkbd tkbd `dsk `dsk skr~ skr~dg cmegrdjgs cmegrdjgs6 6 sirkkesng sirkkesngt t 2 sirkkesn sirkkesngt.pe gt.pem m styaksnkk styaksnkktsVda tsVdaaRVR aRVR 2 styaks0.i styaks0.iss ss styaksnkk styaksnkktsVsi tsVsirkke rkke dej (bdx-wcjt (bdx-wcjtn? n? :>8px)RVR :>8px)RVR 2 bg`cak0.is bg`cak0.iss s styaksnkk styaksnkktsVpr tsVprcetRV cetRVR R 2 prcet0.is prcet0.iss s sircptsVR sircptsVR 2 sircpt0.o sircpt0.os s 6 ds rkmc rkmc~ ~ gks g ks e~ dg d g s~ dg dg nkrjdj nkrjdjds ds jg tkbd tkbd `dsk, `dsk, jkvkb jkvkb skr rkpktc rkpktcjds jds dquc6 dquc6 rkmcgesVs rkmcgesVscjk`d cjk`drWlcr rWlcrstR stR 2 Aklt scjk`dr scjk`dr rkmcge rkmcgesVi sViget getket ketR R 2 Bdce Bdce Igetke Igetket t lgr Egjk Egjk Pkejkr Pkejkrcem cem rkmcgesVe rkmcgesVegbkWx gbkWxyzR yzR 2 Agidaczd¾ Agidaczd¾i~ idg d ~g jd rkmc rkmc~ ~ dg dg 6 ds gp¾ i~ i~ gks gks jk igelcm igelcmurd urd¾ ¾i~ i~ dg d g e~ dg d g s~ dg dg nkrjdj nkrjdjds ds jg tkbd tkbd `dsk, `dsk, jkvkb jkvkb skr rkpktc rkpktcjds jds dquc6 dquc6 lkdtur lkdturksV ksVR R 2 agmg agmg lkdtur lkdturksV ksVR R 2 edbk edbk lkdturksV lkdturksVR R 2 bdceWbke bdceWbkeu u lkdturksV lkdturksVR R 2 skigejdr skigejdryWbke yWbkeu u 6 igelcmurd igelcmurd¾ ¾i~ i~ gks gks djcicg djcicgedj edjds ds dg pu`aci pu`acidr dr g tkbd tkbd kb jrupda jrupda.gr .grm6 m6 vkrscge vkrscge 2 "=.x-4.8" "=.x-4.8" igrk igrk 2 "=.x "=.x" " prgokit prgokit 2 "pgrtdaW` "pgrtdaW`rdsca rdsca" " jdtkstdbp jdtkstdbp 2 "4:3>8<3> "4:3>8<3>:3" :3"
• tkbpadtk.pnp ’ drqucvg gpicgeda igb aºgmcid gmcid jk prgmrdbd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jg tkbd6 iˑgks gks jkvkb cecicdr igb g egbk jg tkbd6 ’ ds lue¾iˑ dvkcs $vdrcd`aks6 ’ pkrbctk bgjcfflidr g vktgr jk vdrcºdvkcs dvkcs dvkcs pdrd skrkb utcaczdjds egs eg s drqucvgs jk tkbpadtk6 t kbpadtk6 ’ pkrbctcr jkfflecr vdrcº rkdaczdr ffusn jd jd idink jg jrupda dpº gs gs qudaqukr bujde¾id6 id6 ’ jkvk-sk rkdaczdr ffusn
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag <. Zkbds jg Jrupda
lueitcge lueitcge pgrtdaW`rd pgrtdaW`rdscaWx scaWxyz() yz() {} lueitcge pgrtdaW`rdscaWprkprgikssWpdmk(&$vdrcd` pgrtdaW`rdscaWprkprgikssWpdmk(&$vdrcd`aks) aks) { fpr($vdrcd`aks)6 fpr($vdrcd`aks)6 } lueitcge lueitcge pgrtdaW`rd pgrtdaW`rdscaWp scaWprkprg rkprgikssW ikssWegjk( egjk(&$vdr &$vdrcd`ak cd`aks) s) { fpr($usk fpr($uskr)6 r)6 }
• tkbpadtks/*.tpa.pnp ’ drqucvgs jk tkbpadtk jk tkbpadtk igb igb d kstruturd jg NZBA6 ’ ntba.tpa.pnp ⇐ pdmk.tpa.pnp ⇐ rkmcge.tpa.pnp ⇐ `agif.tpa.pnp | egjk.tpa.pnp6 idg dˑg gigrrk d pdrtcr jg bdcs kspki ksp kiººĴfflig6 • Xrgikssdbketg jg tkbpadtk ? d rkejkrczd¾iˑ
’ ↙ egjk.tpa.pnp6 ∝ 17pnp prcet $tctak6 75 ∝ 17pnp ncjk($igetketV–igbbkets–R)6 75 ∝ 17pnp rkejkr($igetket) 75 ∝ 17pnp rkejkr($igetketV–igbbkets–R)6 75 ’ ↙ rkmcge.tpa.pnp ⇐ `agif.tpa.pnp | egjk.tpa.pnp6 ∝ 17pnp prcet $igetket6 75 ’ ↙ pdmk.tpa.pnp6 prcet rkejkr($pdmkV–ige rkejkr($pdmkV–igetket– tket–R)6 R)6 75 ∝ 17pnp prcet ∝ 17pnp prcet rkejkr($pdmkV–scjk`dr skigej–R)6 75 ∝ 17pnp prcet rkejkr($pdmkV–lggtkr–R) 75 ’ ↙ ntba.tpa.pnp6 ∝ 1nkdj 56 ½ 17pnp prcet $nkdj6 75 517pnp prcet $nkdj tctak6 751/tctak 5 ½ 1tctak 51 ½ 17pnp prcet $styaks6 75 ½ 17pnp prcet $sircpts6 75 ∝ 1/nkdj 5 ∝ 1`gjy 5 ½ 17pnp prcet $pdmk6 75 ∝ 1/`gjy 5 • Ykak¾iˑ iˑ dg dg jg tkbpa tkb padtk dtk ? sgbketk sgbketk g tkbpadtk bdcs kspkiº kspkiºĴfflig jk idjd tcpg skrº d utcaczdjg6 ’ ’ ’ ’ ’
↙ egjk’4.tpa.pnp ⇐ pdrd jktkrbcedjg egjk Cj6 ujg6 ujg6 ↙ egjk’drtciak.tpa.pnp ⇐ pdrd jktkrbcedjg tcpg jk igetkº ↙ egjk.tpa.pnp ⇐ jg su`tkbd? sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtda `rdsca/egjk.tpa.pnp6 tnkbks/`drtcf/tkbpadtks kbpadtks/egjk.tpa. /egjk.tpa.pnp6 pnp6 ↙ egjk.tpa.pnp ⇐ jg tkbd? tnkbks/`drtcf/t ↙ egjk.tpa.pnp ⇐ jg igrk? bgjuaks/egjk/egjk.tpa.pnp6
• Yg`rkpgsc¾iˑ iˑ dg dg jk tkbpa tkb padtk dtkss bgjuaks/egjk/egjk.tpa.pnp p sctks/daa/tnkb sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtda ks/pgrtda `rdsca/tkbpadtk `rdsca/tkbpadtks/ s/ ’ ip bgjuaks/egjk/egjk.tpa.pn bgjuaks/egjk/egjk.tpa.pnp p sctks/daa/tnkb sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtda ks/pgrtda `rdsca/tkbpadtk `rdsca/tkbpadtks/egjk’0.tp s/egjk’0.tpa.pnp a.pnp ’ ip bgjuaks/egjk/egjk.tpa.pn ’ ip bgjuaks/systkb/bdcetkedeik-pdmk.tpa.pnp sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtda `rdsca/tkbpadtks/
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag <. Zkbds jg Jrupda
• Nckrdrqucd jk Zkbpadtks bgjuaks/systkb/ntba.tp tba.tpa.pnp a.pnp • ntba? bgjuaks/systkb/n ’ pdmk? bgjuaks/systkb/pdm bgjuaks/systkb/pdmk.tpa. k.tpa.pnp pnp sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtda /pgrtda `rdsca/pdmk.tpa `rdsca/pdmk.tpa.pnp .pnp ’ pdmk? sctks/daa/tnkbks sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtda /pgrtda `rdsca/pdmk’lrg `rdsca/pdmk’lrget.tp et.tpa.pnp a.pnp ’ pdmk? sctks/daa/tnkbks ∝ rkmcge? bgjuaks/systkb/rk bgjuaks/systkb/rkmcge.tp mcge.tpa.pnp a.pnp ∝ rkmcge? bgjuaks/systkb/rkmcge’Vrkmcge-edbkR.tpa.pnp bgjuaks/`agif/`agif.tpa f.tpa.pnp .pnp ½ `agif? bgjuaks/`agif/`agi ½ `agif? sctks/daa/tnkbks sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtda /pgrtda `rdsca/`agif. `rdsca/`agif.tpa.pn tpa.pnp p ½ `agif? sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtda `rdsca/`agif’Vrkmcge-edbkR.tpa.pnp ½ egjk? bgjuaks/egjk/egjk.tpa.pnp ½ egjk? tnkbks/`drtcf/tk tnkbks/`drtcf/tkbpadtks bpadtks/egjk.tpa. /egjk.tpa.pnp pnp ½ egjk? sctks/daa/tnkb sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtda ks/pgrtda `rdsca/egjk.tpa. `rdsca/egjk.tpa.pnp pnp ½ egjk? sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtda sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtda `rdsca/egjk’VigetkettypkR.tpa.pnp sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtda ks/pgrtda `rdsca/egjk’Vecj `rdsca/egjk’VecjR.tpa. R.tpa.pnp pnp ½ egjk? sctks/daa/tnkb ½ igbbket? bgjuaks/igbbket/igbbket.tpa.pnp ½ igbbket? tnkbks/`drtcf/tkbpadtks/igbbket.tpa.pnp ½ igbbket-wrdppkr ? bgjuaks/igbbket/igbbket-wrdppkr.tpa.pnp ½ igbbket-wrdppkr ? tnkbks/`drtcf/tkbpadtks/igbbket-wrdppkr.tpa.pnp bgjuaks/uskr/uskr-prgfflak. prgfflak.tpa.pnp tpa.pnp ½ uskr-prgfflak? bgjuaks/uskr/uskrsctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtda ks/pgrtda `rdsca/uskr-p `rdsca/uskr-prgfflak.tp rgfflak.tpa.pnp a.pnp ½ uskr-prgfflak? sctks/daa/tnkb ’ bdcetkedeik-pdmk bdcetkedeik-pdmk ? bgjuaks/systkb/bdcetkedeik-pdmk.tpa.pnp ’ bdcetkedeik-pdmk bdcetkedeik-pdmk ? sctks/daa/tnkbks/pgrtda `rdsca/bdcetkedeik-pdmk.tpa.pnp
<.; <.;. <.;.4 4
Bgjuags º gjuags rkadicgedjgs Znkb Znkbk k jkv jkvkagpk kagpkrr
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/jkvk rm/prgokit/jkvkaWtnkbkr aWtnkbkr • [PA? nttps?//jrupda.g iˑgks gks sg`rk d nckrdrqucd jk rkejkrczd¾ iˑ iˑdg dg jg tkbpadtk6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? celgrbd¾iˑ • Jkp J kpke kejˌ jˌ keic ke icds ds ? Jkvka k scbpakntbajgb =.x-4.40 • [sg?
’ dtcvk g inkif`gx (Znkbkr celg) eg idetg celkrcgr ksqukrjg jd tkad6 igks ˑgks prgikssdjds6 ’ skakicgek g kakbketg pdrd g`tkr gs tkbpadtks k lue¾iˑ
<.;. <.;.0 0
Ytya Ytyakm kmuc ucjk jk
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/stya rm/prgokit/styakmucjk kmucjk • [PA? nttps?//jrupda.g • Lue¾iˑ dg? acstd kstcags dpacidjgs d idjd igbpgeketk6 /djbce/dppkdrdeik/styakmuc yakmucjk jk • [sg? /djbce/dppkdrdeik/st
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
<.;. <.;.9 9
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag <. Zkbds jg Jrupda
@agi @agif f Iads Iadsss
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/`agi rm/prgokit/`agifWiadss fWiadss • [PA? nttps?//jrupda.g • Lue¾iˑ dg? jkfflecr iadssk IYY pdrd idjd `agig6 • [sg?
ces tdadr dr bºgjuag6 gju ag6 ’ cestda ’ ircdr su`-tnkbd6 ’ igpcdr tkbpadtk –`agif.tpa.pnp– jg igrk gu, sk nguvkr, jg tkbd6 ’ djcicgedr –17pnp prcet $`agif-5iss iadss6 75– dg fflb jds iadssks jg `agig6
<.;. <.;.: :
Pkspg Pkspges escv cvk k @ag @agm m Znk Znkbk bk
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/rksp rm/prgokit/rkspgescvkW`agm gescvkW`agm • [PA? nttps?//jrupda.g • [sg?
’ cestdadr tkbd6 ’ ircdr su`-tkbd6 grcg jg su`-tkbd6 ’ igpcdr tkbpadtk –pdmk.tpa.pnp– jg tkbd pdrd jcrktºgrcg cj2‒prkldik-drkd‒kb ‒kb pdmk.tpa.pnp6 pdmk.tpa.pnp6 ’ cjketcfflidr g 1jcv 5 igb cj2‒prkldik-drkd djcicgedr dr –17pnp cl($pdmkV–nkdj cl($pdmkV–nkdjkr–R kr–R || $pdmkV–prkldik fflrst–R || $pdmkV–prkldik bcjjak–R || ’ djcicge $pdmkV–prkldik adst–R) ? 75– detks6 gs g 1/jcv 5 igrrkspgejketk6 ’ djcicgedr –17pnp kejcl6 75– dpºgs
<.;. <.;.; ;
Pkspg Pkspges escv cvk k bke bkeu
• Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/rk .grm/prgokit/rkspgescvkWbkeus spgescvkWbkeus • Lue¾iˑ dg? su`stctucr bkeu pgr bkeu rkspgescvg d pdrtcr jg tdbdeng jd tkad6 • [sg? ’ cestdadr k dtcvdr bºgjuag6 gjuag6 ’ cjketc cjketcfflidr fflidr d iadssk iadssk gu cj jd tdm –ua– jg bkeu bkeu quk skrº d rkspgescvg6 ’ igefflmurdr g bkeu rkspgescvg kb igefflmurd¾ iˑ idg ˑdg - cetkrldik jg usuºdrcg6 drcg6 ’ djcicgedr skaktgr IYY pdrd cjketcfflidr d tdm –ua– g bkeu6 d d su`stctuc¾iˑ idg dˑg jg bkeu (sirkke wcjtn)6 ’ jkfflecr tdbdeng jd tkad quk dtcvdrº G bºgjuag gjuag Pkspgescvk bkeu pgjk skr utca u º tca pdrd ircdr tkbds stdejdagek, su`-tkbds jg _ke gu pdrd tkbds djdptdtcvgs quk eˑ dg pgssukb bkeu rkspgescvg6 kb rkmrd, gptk pgr ub tkbd rkspgescvg dg kb vkz jk usdr kstk bº gjuag6 gjuag6
<.;. <.;.< <
Lctv Lctvcj cjss
nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/lc .grm/prgokit/lctvcjs tvcjs • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda (ygutu` k, vcbkg k fcifstdrtkr) rkspgescvgs6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? tgred vºĴjkgs (ygutu`k, • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? Ac`rdrcks DXC, oqukry.ffltvcjs.os, oqukry upjdtk6 • [sg?
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda = ’ djcicgedr skaktgr IYY pdrd cjketcfflidr g vºĴjkg6
<.;.= <.;.=
\ckws \ckws kb kb lgrbd lgrbdtg tg jk jk Mrcj Mrcj rkspge rkspgescv scvds ds
Hbkjcd Hbkjcd daa dej (bce-w (bce-wcjt cjtn? n? <84px) <84px) { .pdmk.pdmk-vck vckws ws .vckws .vckws .igas-9 .igas-9 tj { wcjtn? wcjtn? 98%6 98%6 } .pdmk.pdmk-vck vckws ws .vckws .vckws .igas-0 .igas-0 tj { wcjtn? wcjtn? :;%6 :;%6 } } Hbkjcd Hbkjcd daa dej (bdx-w (bdx-wcjt cjtn? n? <88px) <88px) { .pdm .pdmkk-vc vckw kws s td`a td`ak k tr tj { jcsp jcspad ady? y? `agi `agif6 f6 } .pdmk.pdmk-vck vckws ws .vckw .vckw tj { wcjtn? wcjtn? 488%6} 488%6} }
Idpº Idp º Ĵtuag <. Zkbds jg Jrupda
Pklkrˌ keicds @c`acgmrº dfflids V4R Bdcaoki Bdcaoki cei. Jrupda agmg. 084=. nttps?//www. nttps?//www.bdcao bdcaokt.igb/w kt.igb/wp-ige p-igetket/u tket/upagdjs/ pagdjs/084;/44/j 084;/44/jrupdarupdaagmg-trdes.pem. V0R Cei Ygltwdrk Ygltwdrk ce tnk Xu`aci Cetkrkst. Cetkrkst. Jk`cde sctk. sctk. 084=. nttp?//www.j nttp?//www.jk`cde.g k`cde.grm. rm.
ˌ DXKEJCIK
D
Jdtk Igaktd jk ngrd k bceutg pgr skak¾iˑ iˑ dg (]vkm dg (]vkmd d Zcb Zcbkpcifkr kpcifkr)) G Zcbkpcifkr pkrbctk d igaktd jgs idbpgs jk ngrd k bceutg pgr bkcg jk skak¾ iˑ iˑdg d g kb ub uecig u ºecig idbpg. Kstd rgtced r gtced odvdsircpt ºk dutgbdtcidbketk dutg bdtcidbketk cetkmrº dvka dvka dg su`bºgjuag gjuag Jdtk Xgpup, pgr cssg eˑdg d g ekikssctd jk ub bºgjuag gjuag jg Jrupda Jrupda djcicge djcicgeda. da. G`tkend G`tkend g Zcbkpcifkr kb nttps?//mctnu`. igb/wvkmd/tcbkpcifkr/drincvks/bdstkr . # $ $ $ $ $ $ $
su -s /`ce /`ce/` /`ds dsn n -a pgrt pgrtda da ij /tbp wmkt nttps?//mctnu`.igb/jgweagdjs/w nttps?//mctnu`.igb/jgweagdjs/wvkmd/tcbkpcifkr vkmd/tcbkpcifkr/oqukry-tcbkpci /oqukry-tcbkpcifkr-4.0.0.zcp fkr-4.0.0.zcp bfjcr sctks/daa/ac`rdrcks/wvkmd-tcb sctks/daa/ac`rdrcks/wvkmd-tcbkpcifkr kpcifkr ij sctks/daa/ac`rdrcks/wvkmd-tcb sctks/daa/ac`rdrcks/wvkmd-tcbkpcifkr kpcifkr uezcp /tbp/oqukry-tcbkpcifkr-4.0.0. /tbp/oqukry-tcbkpcifkr-4.0.0.zcp zcp ae -s oqukry.t oqukry.tcbkpc cbkpcifkrifkr-4.0.0 4.0.0.bce .bce.os .os oqukry.tc oqukry.tcbkpc bkpcifkr. ifkr.os os ae -s oqukry.t oqukry.tcbkpc cbkpcifkrifkr-4.0.0 4.0.0.bce .bce.iss .iss oqukry.tcb oqukry.tcbkpcif kpcifkr.is kr.iss s
gjuag Jdtk Xgpup 6 • nd`cactk g bºgjuag • igefflmurk ub idbpg Jdtd igbg g wcjmkt Xgp-up idakejdr kb mkrkeicdr idbpgs6 g wcjmkt Xgp-up • irck ub igetkº ujg k iacquk eg idbpg jk ngrd k bceutg6 ujg
Igaktd jk ngrd k bceutg pgr wcjmkt (Ytdelgrj Zcbkpcifkr) G bºgjuag gjuag Ytdelgrj Zcbkpcifkr ºk ceig ce igbp bpdtº dtºĴvka Ĵvk a igb ig b g ]vkmd Zcbkpcifkr pgcs kxtkejk d bksbd lueicgedacjdjk. Detks jk prgsskmucr, dsskmurk quk g jcrktº grcg grcg sctks/daa/ac`rdrcks/wvkmd-tcbkpcifkr eˑdg dg kxcstd. nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/st .grm/prgokit/stdelgrjWjdtkWtcb delgrjWjdtkWtcbkpcifkr kpcifkr • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda dg? djcicged ub wcjmkt ub wcjmkt jrgp-jgwe pdrd pdrd igaktd jk ngrd k bceutg6 • Lue¾iˑ • [sg?
gjuag Jdtk Xgpup 6 ’ nd`cactk g bºgjuag g wcjmkt Xgp-up ’ igefflmurk ub idbpg Jdtd igbg g wcjmkt Xgp-up idakejdr kb mkrkeicdr idbpgs6 ’ irck ub igetkº ujg k iacquk eg idbpg jk ngrd k bceutg6 ujg G bºgjuag gjuag Ytdelgrj Jdtk Zcbkpcifkr pkrbctk d igaktd jgs idbpgs jk ngrd k bceutg pgr bkcg jk ub wcjmkt ub wcjmkt jrgp-jgwe lgrekicjg jrgp-jgwe lgrekicjg pkad rgtced odvdsircpt oTukry-Zcbkpcifkr-Djjge oTukry-Zcbkpcifkr-Djjge, g`tkend-d kb nttps?//mctnu` nttps?//mctnu`.igb/trketrcindr .igb/trketrcindrjsge/oTukry-Zcbkpcifkr-Djjge/trkk/ jsge/oTukry-Zcbkpcifkr-Djjge/trkk/bdstkr/sri bdstkr/sri .
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
# $ $ $ $ $ $ $
Dpˌ kejcik kejc ik D. Jdtk
su -s /`ce /`ce/` /`ds dsn n -a pgrt pgrtda da ij jrup jrupda da-= -= bfjcr sctks/daa/ac`rdrcks/oqukry-uc sctks/daa/ac`rdrcks/oqukry-uc-tcbkpcifkr -tcbkpcifkr ij sctks/daa/ac`rdrcks/oqukry-uc sctks/daa/ac`rdrcks/oqukry-uc-tcbkpcifkr -tcbkpcifkr ura2nttps?//mctnu`.igb/trketrc ura2nttps?//mctnu`.igb/trketrcindrjsge/oTukry indrjsge/oTukry-Zcbkpcifkr-Djj -Zcbkpcifkr-Djjge/rdw/bdstkr/sr ge/rdw/bdstkr/sri/ i/ wmkt $ura/oqukry-uc-sacjkrDiikss.os $ura/oqukry-uc-sacjkrDiikss.os wmkt $ura/oqukry-uc-tcbkpcifkr-djjg $ura/oqukry-uc-tcbkpcifkr-djjge.os e.os wmkt $ura/oqukry-uc-tcbkpcifkr-djjg $ura/oqukry-uc-tcbkpcifkr-djjge.iss e.iss
ˌ DXKEJCIK
@
\gtcem DXC Xgaa • Jgweagdj? Jrupda igrk6 • Lue¾iˑ dg? tcpg jk igetkº ujg ujg pdrd vgtd¾iˑ igks gˑks jk bº uatcpad uatcpad ksigand6 ksigand6 • [sg? /djbce/struiturk/pgaa idg6 dˑg6 ’ ircd ubd vgtd¾iˑ dg dg kb vgtd¾iˑ iˑdg6 dg6 ’ jksirkvd d qukstˑ igks ˑgks jk rkspgstd6 ’ djcicgek ds gp¾iˑ idg6 dˑg6 ’ dtcvk d vgtd¾iˑ ig efflmurk urk d jurd j urd¾¾iˑ idg dˑg jd vgtd¾iˑ idg dˑg (jcds/skbdeds pdrd jksdtcvd¾iˑ idg dˑg jd vgtd¾iˑ iˑdg)6 dg)6 ’ igefflm Ds vgtd¾iˑ igks ˑgks ircdjds sˑ dg dg tdb`ºkb kb jcspgec`caczdjds igbg `agigs.
Djvdeikj Xgaa nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/dj .grm/prgokit/djvpgaa vpgaa • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? \gtcem DXC • Lue¾iˑ dg? tcpg jk igetkº ujg ujg pdrd vgtd¾iˑ igks gˑks jk bº uatcpad uatcpad ksigand6 ksigand6
Lcvkstdr (Lckaj) nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/lc .grm/prgokit/lcvkstdr vkstdr • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda • Jkpke Jkp kejˌ jˌ keic ke icd d? \gtcem DXC • Lue¾iˑ dg? idbpg pdrd vgtd¾iˑ idg ˑdg pgr bkcg jk kstrkads6 • [sg? /djbce/struiturk/pgaa
’ djcicgek g idbpg Lcvkstdr Pdtcem d ub tcpg jk igetkº ujg6 ujg6 ’ jkffled g eº ubkrg ubkrg pdrd g rdemk r demk jk j k kstrkads kst rkads jcspge jcsp geººĴvkcs pdrd vgtd¾ iˑdg6 dg6 G bºgjuag gjuag Lcvkstdr pkrbctk quk d skak¾iˑ idg dˑg jg eº ubkrg jk kstrkads jk jktkrbcedjg igetkº ubkrg ujg skod rkdaczdjg pkad pº dmced dmced jk dprksketd¾iˑ iˑdg dg jg igetkº ujg, u jg, gu skod, eˑdg dg ekikssctd kjctdr g igetkº ujg ujg pdrd jkfflecr ub vdagr. G vdagr ºk drbdzkedjg d rbdzkedjg pgr usuº drcg, drcg, pgjkejg-sk pgjk ejg-sk dprksketdr d bºkjcd kjcd jgs vdagrks.
Ytdr Pdtcem nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/st .grm/prgokit/stdrrdtcem drrdtcem • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda idg dˑg kb eº ubkrg jk kstrkads? ubd d jkz6 ubkrg • Lue¾iˑ dg? idbpg iadsscfflid¾iˑ • [sg?
ujg6 ujg6 ’ djcicgek g idbpg Ytdr Pdtcem d ub tcpg jk igetkº
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Dpˌ kejcik kejcik @. \gtcem DXC
ubkrg ubkrg pdrd g rdemk jk kstrkads jcspgeº jcspgeºĴvkcs6 ’ jkffled g eº idg? dˑg? igefflmurk g ºĴigek Ĵigek quk skrº d usdjg (pdjrˑ dg dg kstrkads)6 ’ mkrkeicdr kxc`c¾iˑ
ˌ DXKEJCIK
I
]k`lgrb G Jrupda lgrekik g bºgjuag gjuag Igetdit quk prgvˌk ub lgrbuaº lgr buaºdrcg drcg `ºdscig dscig kb quk g usuºdrcg drcg jg sctk pgjk kevcd kevcdrr ubd bkesdmkb bkesdmkb dg djbcecs djbcecstrdj trdjgr. gr. G lgrbuaº lgrbuaº drcg prgjuz ub k-bdca d pdrtcr jgs idbpgs jk egbk, k-bdca, k-bdca, dssuetg, idtkmgrcd idtkmgrcd k bkesdmkb. Nº d ub acef jksd`cactdjg eg bkeu Edvcmdtcge pdrd kssk lgrbuaº lgrbuaº drcg drcg jk igetdtg.
]k`lgrb • Jgweagdj? nttps?//jrupda nttps?//jrupda.grm/prgokit/wk .grm/prgokit/wk`lgrb `lgrb • Lue¾iˑ dg? tcpg jk igetkº ujg ujg pdrd lgrbuaºdrcgs, drcgs, ceiauscvk pdrd kevcg jk k-bdca6
ˌ DXKEJCIK
J
Lcrkwdaa Agms eg igesgak idg dˑg d skmucr (a. 48). • /kti/sysita.igel ? jksigbketdr igefflmurd¾iˑ
fkre fkreka ka.p .prc rcet etf f 2 : : 4 =
Dpacidr Dpacidr igefflmurd¾ igefflmurdiˑ i¾ˑdg? dg? 4
sysita sysita -p
Igefflmurd¾iˑ dg • /kti/cect.j/fflrkwdaa.sn? ircdr drqucvg igb igetkº ujg ujg d`dcxg k rkdaczdr djkqud¾ iˑ iˑgks gks ekikssº drcds. drcds.
#!/`ce/`dsn # Lcrkwd Lcrkwdaa aa cevgfk cevgfk sircpt sircpt # Igpyrc Igpyrcmnt mnt (i) 0840 0840 - Pkceda Pkcedajg jg jk Idrvda Idrvdang ng 1rkced 1rkcedajg ajgiHm iHmbdc bdca.i a.igb5 gb5 ### ### @KMC @KMCE E CECZ CECZ CELG CELG # Xrgvcjks? # Pkqu Pkqucr crk kj-Yt j-Ytd drt? rt? # Pkqucrkj-Ytgp? # Jklduat-Ytdrt? # Jklduat-Ytgp? # Yngrt-Jks Yngrt-Jksircpt ircptcge? cge? ### ### KEJ KEJ CECZ CECZ CELG CELG idsk idsk "$4" "$4" ce stdrt) cptd`aks cptd`aks cptd`a cptd`aks ks cptd cptd`a `aks ks cptd`a cptd`aks ks cptd cptd`a `aks ks cptd cptd`a `aks ks cptd cptd`a `aks ks cptd`a cptd`aks ks
-L -X -D -D -D -D -D -D
cptd`aks $daa daa $daa 0 9 : ; 8 4 < Lcrkwdaa Lcrkwdaa cevgfk cevgfk sircpt sircpt
CEX[Z CEX[Z CEX[ CEX[Z Z CEX[Z CEX[Z CEX[ CEX[Z Z CEX[Z CEX[Z CEX[ CEX[Z Z CEX[Z CEX[Z
JPGX JPGX -c ag -o DIIK DIIKXZ XZ -b stdtk stdtk --stdt --stdtk k KYZD@A KYZD@ACYN CYNKJ, KJ,PKA PKADZK DZKJ J -o DIIKXZ DIIKXZ -p tip --sye --sye --jpg --jpgrt rt 00 -o DIIKXZ DIIKXZ -s 48.4;. 48.4;.48 48.8 .8/0 /0: : -p tip --sy --sye e --jp --jpgr grt t >8 -o DIIK DIIKXZ XZ -p tip tip --sy --sye e --jp --jpgr grt t ;<<< ;<<< -o DIIK DIIKXZ XZ -s 48.4 48.4;. ;.4. 4.; ; -p cibp cibp --cibp --cibp-ty -typk pk king-r king-rkqu kqukst kst -o DIIKXZ DIIKXZ -s 48.4;. 48.4;.4.; 4.;
Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda =
Dpˌ kejcik kejcik J. Lcrkwdaa
cptd`a cptd`aks ks -D CEX[Z CEX[Z -b acbct acbct --acbc --acbct t 08/s 08/s -o AGM --agm--agm-prk prklcx lcx –Lcrkw –Lcrkwdaa daa? ? – 66 stgp) cptd`a cptd`aks ks -X CEX[Z CEX[Z DIIKXZ DIIKXZ cptd`aks cptd`aks -L 66 stdtus|acst) cptd`aks cptd`aks -evA 66 *) king king "Yce "Ycetd tdxk xk? ? $8 V stdr stdrt t | stgp stgp | acst acst R" 66 ksdi
Jkfflecr pkrbcssˑdg dg jk kxkiu¾iˑ idg ˑdg k cecicdaczd¾iˑ idg dˑg dutgbº dtcid? dtcid? 4 0 9
inbgj =;; /kti/cect. /kti/cect.j/lcr j/lcrkwdaa kwdaa.sn .sn upjdtk-ri. upjdtk-ri.j j lcrkwdaa.s lcrkwdaa.sn n jklduats jklduats /kti/cect.j/lcrkwdaa.sn stdrt
LZX Igeetrdif • /kti/bgjuaks? djcicgedr bºgjuag gjuag pdrd cecicdaczd¾iˑ idg dˑg dutgbº dtcid6 dtcid6
elWigeetrdifWltp
Kstd igefflmurd¾iˑ idg dˑg ºk ekik ek ikss ssº dºrcd pdrd idrrkmdr g rklkrcjg bº drcd gjuag gjuag jurdetk g `ggt, `gg t, pdrd idrrºkmd-ag kmd-ag eg `ggt dtuda, kxkiutk? # bgjprg`k bgjprg`k elWigeetrd elWigeetrdifWlt ifWltp p
ˌ DXKEJCIK
K
Acike¾id id D g`rd Jkskevgavcbketg jk Xgrtdcs Igrpgrdtcvgs igb Jrupda = lgc cecicdjd kb 48/8>/084=. Jkskev Jkskevgav gavcbk cbketg etg jk Xgrtdc Xgrtdcs s Igrpgr Igrpgrdtc dtcvgs vgs igb Jrupda Jrupda =. i II-@S-E Igpyrcmnt II-@S-EI-E I-EJ J 084= 084= Pkceda Pkcedajg jg Mca Acbd Acbd jk Idrvda Idrvdang ng - rkceda rkcedajgi jgiHmb Hmbdca dca.ig .igb b KYYD KYYD G@PD G@PD º K ACIKEI ACIKEICDJ CDJD D XKAD XKAD ACIKEI ACIKEI ¾D ¾D IPKDZC\K IPKDZC\K IGBBGEY? IGBBGEY? Dttrc`utcge-EgeIgbbkricda-EgJ Dttrc`utcge-EgeIgbbkricda-EgJkrcvdtcvks krcvdtcvks :.8 Cetkredtcgeda.
Lcmurd K.4? II-@S-EI-EJ
Kstd acike¾id id pkrbctk p krbctk quk skod rkdaczdjg g igbpdrtcandbketg jd g`rd jksjk quk gs irºkjctgs kjctgs skodb bdetcjgs pdrd g dutgr, bds d g`rd eˑ dg dg pgjk skr bgjcfflidjd bgjcfflidjd ekb utcaczdjd utcaczdjd igbkricda igbkricdabke bketk. tk. Idsg Idsg ekikssctk jk dutgrczd¾iˑ igks gˑks djcicgedcs gu acikeicº d-ad d-ad pdrd ffles eˑ dg dutgrczdjgs pgr kstd acike¾id dg id ketrk kb igetdtg igb g dutgr. nttps?//irkdtcvkigbbges.grm/a vkigbbges.grm/acikesks/`y-ei-ej/:.8/ cikesks/`y-ei-ej/:.8/ • nttps?//irkdtc
Yg`rk g Dutgr... nttp?//rkcedajgi.wgrjprkss.ig gi.wgrjprkss.igb b • nttp?//rkcedaj • nttps?//www.acefkjce.igb/ce/rkcedajg-mca-acbd-jk-idrvdang