R AI AN R
ENDEK AT AN E
ETODOLOGI E R OGR AM R
AN ER J A E
PENDEKATAN TEKNIS DAN METODOLOGI
Sejalan dengan semakin maju dan pesatnya perkembangan perekonomian, maka secara otomatis Permukiman merupakan salah satu kebutuhan dasar manusia di Indonesia pada tahun 2014 ini meningkat pesat, Pengembangan permukiman ini meliputi pengembangan prasarana dan sarana dasar perkotaan, pengembangan permukiman yang terjangkau, khususnya bagi masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah, proses penyelenggaraan lahan, pengembangan ekonomi kota, serta penciptaan sosial budaya di perkotaan harus segera dikembangkan agar pengembangannya dapat sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat dan alam lingkungannya. Aspek sosial budaya ini dapat meliputi desain, pola, dan struktur, serta bahan material yang digunakan. Penanganan kerusakan dan pembangunan baru ini dilakukan dilakukan melalui program Kegiatan ini agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat di kawasan permukiman tersebut.
E-1
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Agar hasil dari kontruksi fisik di kawasan permukiman sesuai dengan standar mutu yang ada, maka diperlukan pengawasan yang professional terhadap penanganan pekerjaan .Untuk memastikan program ini berjalan dengan baik, diperlukan adanya kegiatan pengawasan kualitas dan kuantitas pelaksanaan fisik, serta survey dan kajian tentang karakteristik jalan dan jembatan. Survey dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data mengenai karakteristik jalan dan jembatan yang akan ditangani. Hasil survey ini akan digunakan untuk menyusun rencana dan menyiapkan program ini secara maksimal. Jasa pelayanan yang diberikan Konsultan berupa jaminan kepada Pemberi Tugas akan tercapainya pelaksanaan proyek sesuai dengan ketentuan dan persyaratan yang tercantum di dalam dokumen kontrak. Kesesuaian ini melingkupi kualitas fisik berdasarkan spesifikasi, perkembangan kemajuan proyek sesuai waktu, ketepatan dan keakuratan, serta perkembangan penggunaan dana.
E.3.1. PENDEKATAN TEKNIS
Masalah teknis yang selanjutnya akan mendapatkan perhatian khusus diantaranya:
Grade/kemiringan dari alinyemen vertikal existing yang memerlukan penyesuaian.
Kondisi eksisting tanah dasar yang akan ditangani mempunyai daya dukung tanah dasar yang kurang baik.
Manajemen pada saat pelaksanaan pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan waktu pelaksanaan konstruksi (siang/malam) dan lamanya pelaksanaan
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Kualitas material pembangunan yang akan digunakan.
Berikut ini merupakan pendekatan-pendekatan yang akan diterapkan oleh Konsultan untuk mencegah timbulnya dampak negatif sekecil apapun antara Konsultan dan Kontraktor yang mungkin terjadi pada saat pelaksanaan kontruksi di lapangan: a. Pengendalian mutu b. Pengendalian waktu c. Pengendalian Pengendalian keselamatan kes elamatan kerja d. Pengendalian biaya e. Pengaturan lalu lintas (traffic management) f. Pelaporan g. Hubungan dengan pihak terkait.
Detail dari pendekatan yang dilakukan konsultan untuk pelaksanaan pekerjaan adalah sebagai berikut :
a. Pengendalian Mutu (Pola 3-2-5)
Konsultan akan selalu mengawasi mutu pekerjaan yang dikerjakan oleh Kontraktor sehingga seluruh pekerjaan yang dilaksanakan sesuai dengan spesifikasi teknik yang tercantum dalam dokumen kontrak.Untuk itu Konsultan akan menerapkan pola pengendalian mutu sebagaimana dikenal di lingkungan cipta karya dengan istilah “Pola 3-2-5”, yang artinya bertahap 3 (tiga), berlingkup 2 (dua) dan berstruktur 5 (lima). Pola tersebut dapat diuraikan lebih jauh sebagai
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1. Pengujian bahan baku 2. Pengujian bahan olahan 3. Pengujian bahan jadi
Lingkup Pengujian : 1. Dimensi 2. Kualitas
Struktur Pengujian : 1. Jenis Pemeriksaan 2. Metode Pemeriksaan 3. Frekwensi Pemeriksaan 4. Spesifikasi 5. Toleransi Hasil Pekerjaan
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Prosedur pengendalian mutu seperti terlihat pada Gambar E.1. BAGAN ALIR PENGENDALIAN MUTU Gambar E.1
Desain Spesifikasi Teknis
n a a n a s k a l e P a r P
Revisi Desain Shop Drawing Inspection Guide
Request of Work Metode Konstruksi
Pelaksanaan Konstruksi n a a n a s k a l e P
n a a n a s k a l e P a c s a
Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Konstruksi
Data Test Survey Hasil Pelaksanaan
Inspection Attachment
Sheet
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b. Pengendalian Waktu
Konsultan akan terus mengendalikan jadwal waktu program kerja Kontraktor agar sebisa mungkin dapat diselesaikan sesuai dengan periode kontrak atau dengan keterlambatan sekecil mungkin. Pengendalian waktu ini akan di tempuh dengan langkah-langkah yang terencana baik dan efektif mengenai penjabaran Dokumen Kontrak.Prosedur pengendalian waktu yang diusulkan Konsultan seperti terlihat pada Gambar E.2.
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GAMBAR E.2 PROSEDUR PENGENDALIAN WAKTU
Kontrak Asli
Field Engineering
Metode: -Kuantitas -Konstruksi
Analisa Sumber Daya
Network Analysis System
Gambar Kerja
U T K A W L O R T N O K
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c. Pengendalian Keselamatan Kerja
Salah satu sasaran dari Manajemen Konstruksi adalah mengendalikan keselamatan kerja yang berkaitan dengan keamanan dan keselamatan kerja baik terhadap publik (umum) maupun terhadap para pekerja.Untuk mencapai sasaran, digunakan prosedur manajemen Kontruksi dari pra pelaksanaan sampai akhir pelaksanaan.Prosedur pelaksanaan.Prosedur keselamatan kerja tersebut dijabarkan pada Gambar E.3.
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GAMBAR E.3 BAGAN ALIR PENGENDALIAN KEAMANAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA
DESIGN
SHOP DRAWING INSPECTION
REQUEST OF WORK METODE KONSTRUKSI
TIDAK OK
PEMERIKSAAN PERSIAPAN
PELAKSANAAN
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d. Pengendalian Biaya
Pengendalian Biaya akan dilakukan dengan cara mengarahkan dan bekerjasama
dengan
Kontraktor
agar
menggunakan
tenaga
kerja
dan
peralatannya semaksimal mungkin sehingga didapatkan hasil yang optimal dan tepat waktu dengan biaya konstruksi seminim mungkin atau tidak melebihi dari perkiraan biaya yang tercantum dalam Dokumen Kontrak. Prosedur pengendalian biaya yang diusulkan dijabarkan pada Gambar E.4
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GAMBAR E.4 PROSEDUR PENGENDALIAN BIAYA KONTRAK ASLI
FIELD ENGINEERING
REVIEW AND VALUE
METODE: -Kuantitas -Konstruksi
ANALISA SUMBER DAYA
BIAYA
GAMBAR KERJA SITE INSTRUCTION/ PELAKSANA KONSTRUKSI
RAPAT HARIAN
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Perubahan Pekerjaan (Contract Change Order)
Apabila terjadi perubahan pada pekerjaan, Konsultan akan bersamasama dengan Kontraktor akan berkonsultasi dengan pihak pemberi tugas yang diwakili oleh Pimpinan Proyek. Konsultan sebelumnya akan meneliti usulan Kontraktor termasuk mengkaji harga satuan baru yang mungkin perlu diberlakukan karena tidak dapat ditutupi dengan pay item yang sudah ditetapkan. Prosedur pengajuan perubahan volume dan harga satuan baru dapat dilihat pada Gambar E.5
Mengingat pekerjaan hanya 5,0 (lima koma nol) bulan sebaiknya diusahakan agar tidak ada harga satuan baru.
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)
5 . O 5 . 4 E C R C R A ( A B N B A M A U M G T A A G S
/ M E T I Y A P N A D E M U L O V N A H A B U R E
N A G N A R E T E K
k a d i T
R U A T K M E A T R I U D
A M A T R E P K A H I P
N A A I R T A I J N A A W P E K
b = a
i s a a i g s r o a g H e N
b = a
n a u j u t e s r e P
a r a c A a t i r e B
a Y
b = a
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Sertifikat Pembayaran Bulanan (Monthly Payment Certificate)
Konsultan akan memeriksa kesesuaian antara perhitungan volume maupun kualitas hasil pekerjaan dengan persyaratan spesifikasi pada setiap pengajuan
pembayaran
oleh
Kontraktor.
Prosedur
pembayaran ini digambarkan dalam Gambar E.6.
mengenai
pengajuan
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GAMBAR GAMBAR 4. PROSEDUR PEMBAYARAN PRESTASI KERJA KONTR (MONTHLY CERTIFICATE /
KONTRAKTOR
KONSULTAN
PROYEK
PENGAJUAN INSPECTION SHEET
CEK KUALITAS DAN KUANTITAS DI LAPANGAN
PERSETUJUAN INSPCETION SHEET
PENGAJUAN PERMINTAAN MC
EVALUASI/ PEMERIKSAAN KUANTITAS & DATA PENDUKUNG
CEK KELENGKAPAN ADMINISTRASI
PERSETUJUAN MC
DIREKTUR UTAMA
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e. Pengaturan (Traffic Management)
Pekerjaan pembangunan yang akan dilaksanakan tentunya akan mengganggu kelancaran di daerah sekitar. Untuk itu, Konsultan akan memperhatikan beberapa hal di bawah ini dengan tujuan agar kondisi lalu lintas di sekitar proyek tetap lancar, aman dan nyaman. Berikut hal-hal yang menjadi perhatian Konsultan dalam pengaturan lalu lintas:
Kondisi lokasi proyek
Fluktuasi volume lalu-lintas (jam sibuk)
Tahapan pelaksanaan pekerjaan dan
Alat-alat bantu.
Jaminan Mutu dan Pengendalian Mutu
Chief Inspector dalam kerjasamanya dengan semua staff, akan memastikan bahwa seluruh pekerjaan memenuhi gambar dan spesifikasi/rencana, dengan melaksanakan beberapa hal penting. Selain itu, semua personil inti akan
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Survey Control
Pematokan yang dilakukan oleh bagian survey lapangan kontraktor akan selalu diawasi untuk memastikan bahwa pematokan dilakukan secara benar
Material Control dan dan Pengujian yang dapat diterima
Semua material akan diperiksa dan diuji mutunya terlebih dahulu sebelum diangkut ke daerah lokasi pekerjaan. Sertifikat pengujian dari semen, baja, besi tulangan, struktur, dan material lain juga akan diteliti dan dicermati sebelum diuji. Hasil pengujian akan dicatat dalam suatu Form Standar yang
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E.3.2.
METODOLOGI
Demi tercapainya sasaran target pekerjaan pengawasan teknik ini, yaitu penyelesaian pekerjaan tepat waktu dengan kualitas hasil pekerjaan yang memenuhi spesifikasi yang telah ditetapkan, Tim Konsultan Supervisi akan melakukan tindakan sebagai berikut :
Melakukan semua kegiatan dengan disiplin yang tinggi.
Menerapkan jasa pengawasan dengan berlandaskan profesionalisme.
Melakukan pengendalian mutu berpedoman kepada pola 3-2-5.
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4. Pengendalian proyek 5. Pengaturan lalu lintas di daerah pekerjaan
Masing-masing metodologi akan dijelaskan secara rinci pada bagian berikut : 1.
Metodologi Pengawasan Administrasi
Pengawasan administrasi yang merupakan bagian integral dari keseluruhan layanan konsultan supervisi memuat mengenai proses - proses pekerjaan seperti: tindakan yang berkaitan dengan kontrak antara Pemberi Tugas dengan Konsultan; Hubungan antara Pemberi Tugas, Kontraktor dan Konsultan; Kewenangan Engineer, Jaminan Pekerjaan, Sub Kontraktor, Varian Orders, Perpanjangan
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b.Kewenangan b. Kewenangan Engineer
Kewenangan yang didelegasikan oleh Pemberi Tugas kepada Chief Inspector secara umum telah didefinisikan secara jelas di dalam Dokumen Kontrak.
c. Jaminan Pekerjaan
Jaminan yang diusulkan oleh kontraktor sebelum pekerjaan dimulai akan di kaji ulang terlebih dahulu oleh kosultan untuk melindungi Pengguna Jasa dari
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bersifat tetap. Namun, kontraktor diberi keleluasaan untuk melaksanakan pekerjaannya sesuai dengan metoda pekerjaan dan dana yang dimilikinya. Evaluasi Konsultan akan meliputi kelayakan, kompetisi teknis dan biaya yang kompetitif atas proposal tersebut, meliputi seluruh perhitungan pendukung desain/atau asumsi-asumsi yang mendasarinya. Persetujuan terhadap hal ini harus di berikan secara tertulis oleh Chief Inspector. Apabila usulan menyangkut amandemen terhadap spesifikasi teknis terhadap pekerjaan permanen, Chief Inspector akan membuat laporan rinci meliputi rekomendasi untuk menerima atau menolak usulan tersebut dan
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harga satuan baru. Untuk pekerjaan baru yang mempunyai karakter serupa, maka pekerjaan dilaksanakan dengan kondisi yang yang serupa serupa dengan dengan detail detail
pekerjaan
tersebut dan harga baru ditentukan berdasarkan perbandingan langsung dengan harga yang sudah ada.
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tersebut telah memenuhi persyaratan teknis, selanjutnya Kontraktor harus melaksanakan pekerjaannya sesuai dengan spesifikasi dari dokumen kontrak sesuai pengawasan Inspector. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengetesan yang dilakukan oleh Inspector. Setelah proses pelaksanaan selesai, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran dan
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-
Pemeriksaan lighting sets
-
Pemeriksaan kondisi lalu lintas jalan existing
-
Pemantauan cuaca
-
Pemeriksaan supply campuran aspal Pemeriksaan peralatan
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7 R S
. I A 7 6 . L r A W E a R b N A G A A N m
T N A N A R K A I A N F A I Y A T B L U R M E E B S P
a Y
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Berikut disampaikan tahapan-tahapan yang lebih detail yang akan dilakukan dalam pelaksanaan pengawasan.
a. Pemeriksaan Gambar Kerja (Shop Drawings)
Kontraktor harus membuat jadwal pelaksanaan dan gambar kerja dari
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