LESSON 1: CRITICAL THINKING Critcal vs. Non-critcal Thinking Learning to develop your ability to think c rically will help you succeed succe ed academically and professionally. professionally. Non-critcal hinking happens hinking happens when you simple accept the things you are told without examining them. This also happens when you construct thoughts based on emoons. Moreover, this also leads people to jump to conclusions without without proof or evidence. Critcal hinking involves hinking involves a series of complex thought processes which allows you to make reasoned judgments, assess the way you think, and solve problems eecvely. eecvely. !s a student, you use crical thinking when you acvely listen to the class discussion and formulate "uesons, when you write your reports and explain your ideas, and when you make projects and analyse the processes involved. To dierenate these more easily, see the following example# !ha "o#l$ a critcal hink%r sa&' $ased on the veri%ed sources & found, the soluons to global warming are important, so they should also be included in the discussion.
!ha "o#l$ a non-critcal hink%r sa&' The soluons to global warming must not be very important despite what my resources may say, because they were not discussed.
LE(ELS O) THINKING &n 1*+,, 1*+,, %na/in loo/, loo/ , an !merican educaonal psychologist, together with a team of educaonal psychologists, published loo/0s Taono/& o2 h% Cognitv% 3o/ain, 3o/ain , which is a system that classi%es the levels of thinking important for learning. This is created to promote higher levels of thinking, is composed of six levels which follow a successive pa'ern. This simply means that to proceed to the next leve level, l, the the curr curren entt one one must must be mast master ered ed %rst %rst.. The The six six leve levels ls are are : Kno"l%$g% Kno"l%$g%44 Co/5r%h%n Co/5r%h%nsion4 sion4 A55licaton4 Anal&sis4 S&nh%sis an$ Eval#aton. Later on in ())*, $loom+s former student4 student 4 Lor Lorin in An$%rson An$%rson44 and a group of cognive psychologists published a revision to the original taxonomy to make it more relevant to (* stcentury students and teachers. They changed the names of the levels and used verbs instead of nouns to denote an acve proc proces esss of thin thinki king ng.. Kno"l%$g% Kno"l%$g%44 co/5r%h% co/5r%h%nsion nsion44 an and s&n s&nh%s h%sis is we werre renam enamed ed r%/%/6%ring4 #n$%rsan$ing4 #n$%rsan$ing4 and cr%atng, cr%atng , respecvely. !side from this, !nderson et al. also restructured the levels because cr%atng is cr%atng is a more complex form of thinking than %val#atng7 thus the revised taxonomy now feat featur ures es the the leve levels ls of thin thinki king ng in the the foll follow owin ing g orde order# r# R%/%/6%r R%/%/6%ring4 ing4 8n$%rsan 8n$%rsan$ing4 $ing4 A55l A55l&ing4 &ing4 Anal&9ing4 Eval#atng Eval#atng and Cr%atng. Cr%atng. Co/5arison o2 h% Original an$ h% R%vis%$ Taono/& Taono/&
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applying
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