Nyelvvizsga - B2 angol - ECL 2009. szeptember 27. 19:46
Témakörök 4. Lakás/lakóhely - Bérlakás/saját tulajdonú lakás - Albérlet - Lakásvásárlás/lakáshitel - Lakáskorszerűsítés The flat or house you spend your days in, pretty much the most important place. It reflects your personality. The equipment, colours of the walls influence your mood and mind. That’s include the most private things of yours, that’s why its type is really important. We can divide the types of having houses into groups. The first is when you rent a house. I think it’s got pros and cons as well, but I guess there are more from the disadvantages. Renting a house is of course much more cheaper, than buy one. You have to pay monthly the rental fee and the overhead as well. Depending on your salary it can take all of your money, so you’d better choose according your opportunities. In this case you have to care about not to cause any damages in the house, because you have to pay after it to the owner. That’s why you can’t have the feeling of freedom. I think that’s just bad. Although you usually haven’t got the chance to have an own house if you’re a student or looking after a job. You must rely on your parents. We’re talking about the second case if you’ve got an own house or flat. In this case I’m sure you have a well paid job or a really high debt. A bit more about this: In order to get a credit with acceptable interest rate you’ll need proper coverage. Of course you’ll need a well paid job. Take your possibilities under advisement before you decide what kind of credit system is the best for you. Do not accept credits with high interest rate. Choose reasonable! In an own house you can have the feeling of freedom, you can change the furniture, the equipment, paint the walls and so on. I’ve heard about several surveys about the colour of walls. They can influence your mood and lifestyle. You can have a special house decoration according to traditional believes or methods. I know almost nothing about its effects. If you want to apply one of them, then read more about it or enquire on the net for example. The decorators can also help you to find the perfect match between you and your house. After a certain amount of time you are going to need to renew or reorganise your house. It’s naturally I think you need to devote an
amount of money to refresh your environment. It’s good for your body and soul as well. Beillesztve innen:
5. Utazás/közlekedés - Gépjárművezetés/közlekedési szabályok - Közlekedési balesetek - Közlekedés gyalogosan, kerékpáron - Külföldi utazások célja/formái In my opinion the traffic has got a medium level in Hungary. The roads aren’t too good, because of the lot of potholes. The repairing of it is going on all the time. I think there’s a simple explanation why are the roads somewhere in bad shape. Hungary is in the middle of Europe that’s why our traffic role in Europe is pretty significant. We could say we’re the centre of Europe. A lot of vehicles cross our country from different reasons. Several families have got a destination which can be reached only by crossing Hungary. The other big part is the eternity number of trucks. They’re transporting goods or other important ingredients to the industry or to the buyer. So that’s why our roads are weighted and their quality is going down. Let’s talk a bit about the public transport. In my opinion the pt. is well organised in Hungary. We can regard Budapest as the centre of the pt. Here are buses which go everywhere in the country. We can divide the public transport 3 big groups in Budapest. The first group: travelling with bus. Maybe the easiest way to travel in the city is if we use this possibility. We have to buy a ticket to use it, but we can also buy season tickets. It’s a different system then the simple tickets. Season tickets are divided into groups on the base of How far would you like to go and how long would you like to buy it for? According to the reasonable thinking the more you travel the more you pay. Buses are pretty comfortable, but often crowded that’s why you don’t have a sit. That’s really disturbing. Travelling by tram is almost the same. The difference is the tram is faster than the bus, because it doesn’t have to deal with the traffic jams and other traffic problems. The metro or underground; as it it’s in its name it transports the people under the ground. That’s the best way in my opinion because it’s the faster and most comfortable. It’s almost sure you have got a sit if you travel by metro. Maybe underground is not the friendliest place, but it can be used to it. If you want to be travel further then the best solution is travelling by train. It’s the cheapest way and it’s pretty comfortable. The important thing is to check to don’t buy a ticket to the smoker carriage. The Hungarian timetable is manageable and reasonable. There’s a lot of
information in it, so it can seem complicated, but after a couple minutes of browsing you’ll find your destination.
6. Vásárlás/üzletek - Vásárlási szokások - Áruházláncok/csomagküldő szolgálat - Kis boltok kontra bevásárlóközpontok - Vásárlói reklamációk Nowadays shopping became the one of the most entertaining activities. People spend their time a lot in the shops. They have to buy the basic products of course for example: meat, bread, water or fizzy drinks, clothes, eggs etc. These are the staple needs which have to be bought, but unfortunately people spend their money on useless things as well. It became a hobby to do it and show off the products they’ve bought. If there’s a sale in a shop or hypermarket, people rush to buy the low priced products. There are multinational companies who invest into products. They’re trying to seduce the people with special offers, that’s why gaining income. They sell all kind of products so it’s easier and cheaper to consume there. There are appealing offers, so a lot of shopaholic people go and spend money there. But their consuming is could be excessive. They offer plenty ways to pay, this way making shopping easier. They always have a package service which deliver products to your own house. We take this opportunity if we bought a bigger product for example a TV a computer or other electronic things. It’s really hard to compete with the multinational companies but some smaller or corner shops try to do that. They haven’t got too much products in stock, but they’re trying to sell fresh bread and rolls for example. It’s better to go a corner shop if it’s close to your house and don’t want to drive or walk miles to reach the closest hypermarket. The shop assistants are more polite in a corner shop and they’re trying to help you all the time. There isn’t crowd so it’s more convenient to shop. Of course there are a lot of advantage beside the super and hypermarkets. They offer appealing sales and their prices are much lower. It’s because they have a lot of products in stock and trying to seduce the shopaholic people. They’re targeting all of ages and offer sales for everyone especially if a holiday’s coming. In a hypermarket you can find everything you need, but they’re are often crammed with people. Sometimes you have to queue for long and personally I don’t like it. In a hypermarket you also can pay by credit or bankcard. It’s much safer because you needn’t to have a lot of money on you. They also offer credits for the more expensive electronic products. That’s why a lot of people with tight budgets can afford the purchasing of it as well. Unfortunately when the bigger system is the higher the chances are of the mistakes. The quality of the goods is often is not adequate. You can complain if you’ve got the necessary guarantee documents. For instance, my computer had got problems several times so we had to take it to Budapest. Beillesztve innen:
7. Kommunikáció/kapcsolattartás - A mobiltelefon terjedésének okai - A nyelvtudás szerepe a kommunikációban - Az angol nyelv erősödő dominanciája So about the communication. As our traffic and the internet are improving we can know a lot of people abroad and keep in contact with them after all we're thousands miles from each other. We can know places what were unknown this far. According to the meaningful approach, people are trying satisfy there curiosity that's why they interested in unknown things. The most important thing to we could communicate with the people have different language is the knowledge of languages. The most people use the English because I think that's the easiest one of all. We can explain the domination of it with this fact. English's become the most popular language the educated people's number is growing. I think it's great because we can understand each other. The other thing I have to mention is the role of the telephone. Today it's more than a simple tool we can use to communicate. People never leave their home without it. The truth is neither do I. We can call it an addiction but this is amazing important because if we have some problem or we're in trouble we can use it easily. Today the phones are so modern that you can do almost everything with it. I mean you can take photos, send massages, surf the net and much more. I think the people who know this language will be much more than now and English will become general knowledge.
8. Szolgáltatások - Autóbérlés - Biztosítás/fajtái - Utazási irodák/bankok - Javítások/garancia - Közüzemi szolgáltatások First I’d like to talk about travelling services, like travel agencies. These are companies who are organising different trips, travels. Like for instance: When there is a bigger sport event in the world like the summer or winter Olympics, the FIFA World Cup, etc. They organise groups, because travelling with a group is cheaper, than travelling individually. They also take care of the accommodation and the tickets to the events as well. This is actually how these agencies work. They collect bigger groups so it is cheaper. Even if we are talking about a simple holyday, they wait until a there is enough people. Of course they can handle specific cases also, in fact businessman often have a travel agency behind their back. They organise his flight and different means of his travel, and of course their accommodation. And talking about people in business, there is car rentals. Renting a car I think in most of the cases is unnecessary, because in most countries, I’m not talking of our own, the public transport is well figured out, and in bugger cities, most of the times it is also much faster. But if that is not true, then you can live with the opportunity to rent a car. Usually they’re very expensive, but it is true, if you have to travel long distances, and you’re in a hurry, it can be mandatory. Now if we’re talking about travelling, and cars it is appropriate to mention insurances. For most people the first type of insurance that comes to mind is the life insurance. That means of you get permanently injured, or die, than you or your family can get some money so it may be a little easier to carry on after the incident. The second may be health insurance. In Hungary health insurance is handled by the state. Every person has to pay a portion of their salary, which goes into a public account and every person gets treated whit that money. In other countries the health insurance is given by the insurance companies. In that case everyone pays as much money as they want, or can, and they can get treatment according to how good insurance they have. There is the travel insurance, which is paying if you get stuck abroad, get injured or something else happens. The companies providing these are usually banks also. Banks are corporations where you usually keep your money. But they can be so much more. In most of the times banks are where insurance companies, retirement accounts are. Banks also give you some interest if you keep your money in their facility. That means that every month they give a percentage of the money you’d put in. They can give you loans also, so you can borrow money from them, but you have to pay back more according to the interest rate you and the bank agreed upon the contract.
A few words about public utilities, they are the water, sewer, electricity, etc.. The companies that provide these are called public companies. Just think about it, what would happen if you wouldn’t have one of these in your house, it would be very unpleasant.
9. Kultúra/szórakozás - Zenei irányzatok/zenei ízlés - Könyv kontra Internet - Mozi, színház kontra TV, Video, DVD Nowadays the pattern of living changed dramatically. As our life changes it’s inevitable to follow its lead. That’s the reason there are different entertainment and culture habits as were 10-15years ago. We should talk a bit about the habits of listening music. I can’t even think about how many genres music has. But there are two big groups of course; the salon music and the older the classic music. There’s a really serious line between them. The classical music is the one we can hear only in theatres or on concerts, because it’s not as popular as it was earlier. I think this change has got good but bad effects as well. The traditional music which was written by Mozart or Beethoven but I could mention a lot of names more is nearly gone from radios and public places. I think that’s sad, but for me it’s not entertaining anymore, because the take up, the thinking was different long ago. My point of view is we need actual themes and the song’s lyrics should express this. The people who want to keep the tradition go to a theatre. The way of keeping informed has also changed as well. People usually use the Internet and I definitely agree with them. It’s the simplest and best way to be acquainted with the news in the world. If you need some information about anything then the only thing you need to do is put the keywords in the Google and there you go. You’ll get everything you need. Reading a book is slow and it’s often full with worthless information. That’s why is pretty obsolete in our time. Of course if you like reading and have time for do that, then I’ve got to say that’s the greatest way to feel the motions of the writer and imagine the story. The youth spends much more time in front of the screen surfing the net then above the books. I completely agree with them. As I said the entertaining patterns have changed, that’s why a lot of young people visit pubs and night clubs to have fun. This way of living is far from me actually because my parents brought me up as a polite man who does not spend his money on alcohol and girls just for fun. I sometimes go to the cinema with my friends but that’s all. To tell the truth I don’t like the big crowded places which are crammed with people. Me and my friends prefer silent places where people can have a nice and calm conversation. Beillesztve innen:
10. Idő/időjárás - Az előrejelzések szerepe, pontossága - Időjárás és közérzet(orvosmeteorológia) - A klíma és növény-állatvilág összefüggési The weather always influences people’s life because if it’s cloudy or foggy then we often aren’t in good mood either. It’s natural. The weather forecast tries to help us predict the conditions of the weather in advance. A lot of people watch it on the internet or on TV before leave the house. We decide how to dress that certain day according to the report. We take into consideration if we take an umbrella or not. If the weather is cold or rainy we have to take care of our clothes. We should take a coat or an umbrella. Prevention is better than cure. It’s better if we have to prepare for the bad weather conditions. The accuracy of the weather reports are not always proper, but the experts are trying to give their best knowledge to determine the breaking of the weather. As I’ve mentioned before the weather conditions influence our lives. Some people are really reactive to it and have to watch the reports all the time. This way he/she could prepare for headache and sore back or hip etc. It’s different in every case what kind of problems weather can cause. For instance my grandma always suffers from joint pain when there’s a front coming. She needs more rest in these times. In weather reports people are always warned if some kind of front’s coming. It also can cause accident’s on the roads unfortunately. We have to pay more attention for each other in these days. As we contaminate our environment the climate changes as well. The ozone layer is depleting and it causes global warming because it doesn’t have the capability to absorb the harmful sunlight. There’s a warming blanket in our atmosphere as well, so the harmful gases are absorbed and can’t leave. This phenomenon causes the greenhouse effect and the global warming as well. The global warming affects the flora and the fauna as well. As we cut out the big trees and even forests we destroy the community who creates Oxygen using CO2. But this is not the only problem. The animals’ place to live is shrinking. Some species are on the brink of extinction and some of them become angry and attack the people nearby. Otherwise this process is called urbanization. Of course there’s still a huge where forests reign. That doesn’t mean we can cut the trees out one by one, because we are going to suffer from its consequences. Beillesztve innen:
11. Egészség/betegségek - Ambulancia - kórház - szakorvosok - Természetgyógyászat - gyógyszerek - Megelőzés/szűrővizsgálat There are a lot of departments in a hospital according to it needs. Usually the ICU (intensive care unit) is close to the entrance of the building because of the easy approaching. It’s really important to organise a hospital well, because lives can be on risk if the certain place is too far where the physicians can treat the patient. Some departments for example: internal medicine, operating theatre, gynaecology, maternity ward, dermatology, ophthalmology, paediatrics. As we can see a hospital is really complex and its system is complicated. The physicians have to be well educated in order to help the people who need treatment. An ambulance has to be very fast to arrive as soon as possible to the place of the accident or medical situation. If the patient is taken to hospital the doctors examine him/her and decide how to treat. Surgeons are often asked to help because they need to amputate or fix a limb. They need to be really fast in order to save the patient life, that’s why they’ve got enormous level of responsibility. It’s definitely a stressful job. Of course there are some physicians who acquainted with other methods to cure diseases. They gain these methods from the nature, so do the medicine as well. These ones are really expensive. My grandmother had had cancer all over her body before she died. She was treated with these expensive and hardly accessible meds but they were no effects of them. There are some other meds which are developed and produced by the chemical industry. The most known is maybe the aspirin which lessen your pain if it’s manageable. If it’s not there are more radical meds like morphine. They’re extremely dangerous because they influence your body and take the control over it. They also cause addiction that’s the reason doctors the only people who can apply them in hospitals. My personal opinion about the medicines is they could be useful in some cases but in the mean time they are unnecessary to consume. I recommend; rather have a bath or eat something maybe it would help. When I was a child my mother told me not to take meds if it’s not necessary. I’m on the same of opinion. Prevention is better than cure. That’s my motto. We should go to see the doctor once a year to check our blood for harmful diseases. We also should enquire about our health condition for example blood-pressure, blood-sugar and these common things. The specialists can check our blood for tumour cells as well. The cancer which is discovered early enough is much more likely to can be cured. Of course there are ones which cannot be. I wish nobody has one. These examinations are more important for women because they should go to the gynaecologist every year to check themselves. The widespread diseases by women are cervical cancer and the breast cancer. These ones should filter out as soon as possible that’s how the chances are really good to cure. In men’s case the cancer of the colonoscopy is threatening. It’s the most know cancer of men. It has a
great chance the doctors are unable to cure or treat this one because this is a really aggressive disease. As we grow older it’s inevitable to be ill or have other diseases. With healthy living and diet we can keep our body fit and make our immune system much more resistance. Beillesztve innen:
13. Média - Napilapok jellege, rovataik - Szenzáció és hírközlés - Média és kultúra-közvetítés In Hungary and I think everywhere in the world people have got the right to be acquainted with the latest happenings and information anywhere. I think the mass media amply satisfy this need. We can divide the forms of media into groups of course. They publish information in different ways; in radio on TV and in newspapers. There are specialised newspapers which contains only specific themes of news. These are called magazines. They come out occasionally according to its capacity. If I see a newspaper on the selves the first thing I notice is the headline. It’s often the most important news. At least the directors think this is the most important. I think these ones just about scandals which are often just fabricated so they’re fake. There are often extrovert people on the first page who want to be famous or just paid in exchange their information or peeping. I think that’s shame. On the other hand the journalist and directors are often violent and they would do anything in order to get information before a competitor. This race is sometimes harmful for the interviewed ones because the journalist can hurt their feelings or even their personal spheres. That’s the reason the stars for example in Hollywood avoid the public and the journalist. They want to live a personal life which is hardly executable in our improved life because everybody can be found everywhere. It’s one of the cons nowadays. The media also shares the most important news happened during the day. The easiest way to keep update is watching the news on TV. This information is from reliable source, so you can trust it usually, they’re not trying to deceive you. If you’re informed that could mean advantages in several situations and arguments. If you’re a politician this is a basic requirement. Broadcasting the culture I think is a gentle way of using the media. It can use these kinds of purposes as well as we can see. Maybe this could be the way to save the traditions nowadays in order not to forget them. The media can be deceiving if you’re not an expert in how to determine which story is true or not true. If you’re clever you could find useful information about everything. I think the easiest way to do this is using the internet. But you’ve got to be careful because a lot of information is fabricated to deceive and swindle the people. Beillesztve innen:
14. Hobbi - Műkedvelői tevékenység - Egyesületek (sport, kulturális, szakmai) - Hobbi és munka Hobbies The hobby is a really bright concept and it’s actually hard to define. There are plenty of hobbies I know. Collecting a lot of things e.g.: stumps, letters, stones, pictures, photos, clothes etc. There other type of hobbies as well; seeing museums or beautiful places of the world. Although it’s pretty expensive lots of people have this one, because they have no other things to spend their money on. They’re really rich and have time to see operas or participate other music and theatre events. These people are often retired that’s why they’ve got infinite time to visit these special and expensive events. Naturally there’s the natural way to have a hobby and I think this is when we pursue a sport, but we just don’t compare our abilities against others. That’s a great way to switch off our minds and have some entertainment. It’s also a great way to reveal the stress inside. You’re a lucky person if you have someone who has the same hobby you have and you can do it together. I can mention one of my personal experiments. I play squash with my friend Bence and that’s the way to keep healthy, reveal the stress after school, and make stronger our friendship as well, because we could be together more this way. This situation or process is pretty lucky if we think about it, because we both have the same time schedule and we both love squash. If you have a stressful job so you’re an adult it’s much harder to associate your time to your hobby and reveal the stress. But if you don’t do it may you’ll become angrier and the stress and distress will culminate inside of your body. You have to avoid it in order to have a successful and balanced life in peace. If you don’t know how to start, just look around on the net or search the nearest sport community in your town. I’m sure there are plenty of them. In our town I can mention the DF-ELCO. This is a waterpolo community; you can join at any time. I know this because I’ve played there for 5 years. But because of my tight time schedule I had to stop it. About cultural or professional communities: In almost every theatre have a group you can join and have friends there. You can see the plays together and this way you can bright your mind. In order to join a professional community you should enquire in vocational schools. They surely have some information about this. Beillesztve innen:
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15. Tanulás/munka - Nyelvtudás/szakképzettség/ karrier - Esélyegyenlőség a tanulásban, elhelyezkedésnél - Csereprogramok - Külföldi ösztöndíjak/részképzések - Tömegoktatás kontra elitképzés Everyone would like to be successful and have great achievements in life. That’s really hard to excuse. The reason is simple why. There are a lot of people we need to eclipse in order to have a well paying job or the nicest girl. Everybody is different so we should consider our opportunities and decide according to them. If we want to build a successful carrier, it won’t be easy to make it true. Actually the talent and luck is all we need. It seems pretty simple, but it’s not. We need to be well-educated, talented and strong willed. The school we attend is really important. It gives the necessary knowledge we’ll need later. This includes the foreign language as well. Despite of this I think the education of it in the schools is not enough. People have to attend private lessons as well if they want to be properly educated. The language will become the most important knowledge in the future because of the globalization. If we want to be a blue collar worker then we should attend a vocation school if we’d like to work on white collar field then the recommended school is a gymnasium for example. The children in Hungary have got equal rights fortunately, but the education system can’t work without filtering out the talented children. The children are devoted into groups this way and can learn further if they want. The race is really cruel between the people who want to get a really good job with higher wages. The companies filter out the cleverest people, student and hire them if they meet the requirements. People could work abroad as well, the Hungarian laws allow this. In the EU people have got advantageous rights. They can get work permit not too hard, but I know there are some restrictions. There are some programs abroad you have the opportunity to live with. The point of them is to get familiar with the conditions and possibilities abroad. You’ll be able to be acquainted with the certain country. It’s a great way to meet other cultures and practise the language. You can get solar ships if you study abroad. This can support you to start a life abroad and work there. There some schools in Hungary as well where student can have lesson in English but there some parts of the training you need to travel abroad for and have them there. There are several forms of education. When a certain amount of people attend the same class, in the school then they’re classmates. But there’s a way called elite education, where there are only a few people study at the same time. I think the level of the education is adequate in the bulk of the schools, there’s no need to train our children at private places. I know it’s much easier to learn and understand something if the class hasn’t got too much students. That’s why the method binding class is figured out. Beillesztve innen:
16. Az Európai Unió - Munkavállalás az EU-ban - Nyelvoktatás/ nyelvtudás/ elhelyezkedési esélyek az EU-ban - EU programok (oktatás, gazdaság, stb.) Well about the EU. It started as an agreement between some European countries to share some the important resources like iron, this way avoiding conflicts on the continent. During the years it became more. They started sharing money, and also started to gather it as well making the union financially more powerful. The main objective now is integrating the countries of Europe into the European Union. Something like the USA. Nowadays it is starting to work well. Every citizen of the EU, has equal rights in all countries within. This means that if someone wants to, he can go to for example England and he can live, work there. This may seem that this is not a big thing. But before the union, you could still do this, but it would have been much more difficult. You would need a visa first, than after you get there you’d have to prove that your worthwhile their time. That would mean you’d have to work out there for years, before you could get a permanent visa, but sometimes you’d even have to change your nationality in the and. If you’d do that, it would be just as difficult to get home, as it was to get out. Now you don’t have to do all that, you can keep your nationality and everything. And still you can work abroad easily. Why would people go abroad to work. Well usually it is because that countries in the EU are not equally developed, and the pays, and the quality of life is not consistent. This makes many people to try going abroad for better conditions. And there is a lot of opportunity for this. For instance in England there are much more jobs, than here and even the pay is better. May doctors go out because ours are one of the bests in the world and they get much more respect and money than here. But not just doctors, England is full of vacancies in the entertainment industry, and in many cases they pay better than a leading employee at a company here. And among retired people it goes in the other way. Retired people from more developed countries come here to spend their retired years because thing are more cheaper here and their pension is worth more here. About the languages, there’s a lot of them, but the EU has a language which is English. This means that as the years go, the native languages will stay, but you will be able to talk in English almost to anyone. At least that is the goal of this. Many people says that this will mean the end of some languages here. I don’t think that is true, but it will definitely get them out of focus, but this way communication will become easier. The EU is trying to equal the differences between the member countries, by supplying money to the less developed ones. Usually this
money goes into the development of the infrastructure. This implies education, economy, etc. That makes life simpler to handle. And in the long run it definitely leads to the countries equalling out which is good.
17. Ország ismeret A forrás- és a nyelvi ország -
Népessége/nemzetségei Történelmi hagyományai/emlékei Kulturális értékei Művészeti/néprajzi sajátosságai
Great Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island. With a population of about 59.6 million people in it is the third most populated island on Earth. Great Britain is the part of the United Kingdom (besides Northern Island) which includes England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland as well. It’s a really great and complex kingdom. A lot of cultures have met here because in the past England had got a huge influence. They had connections and allies all over the world and in the 16th century they bate the famous Spain fleet called The Big Armada. At this time Elizabeth I was the queen. She improved the kingdom and used connection and power to make it stronger. In these ages serious consequences of the improvement were noticed. People started to read books, that’s great ones had been born. The best writer of the century lived and worked there. He was Shakespeare. His plays are still on right now in theatres all over the world. The United Kingdom has a great past behind and it’s a place where several cultures have connected. The Britain people have got a lot of traditional habits which are really different from other cultures. They’ve got several history events they celebrate every year for instance Guy Fawkes Night. The story is simple though. Guy Fawkes and some other men tried to blow of the parliament in 1605. They wanted to kill the protestant King James I and make England Catholic again. They failed, because they were found and executed because of their act. There’s the Halloween for example. We all know the story. On this day (October 31) the Britain celebrate the witches and other spirits. A long time ago people were afraid of these dead spirits and sacrificed goods to leave them alone. That’s the pattern of this event nowadays. The children act the spirits, monsters, witches, creators and the people at home “sacrifice” candies and sweets for them. We all know the famous sentence when children stand in front of the door: trick or treat. The Valentine’s Day is also an important holiday. It’s the day people spend with their loved ones, especially the couples, because they go to a restaurant or give present to each other. It’s the holiday of love. Since England is a kingdom there’s a holiday called Queen’s birthday. This event is celebrated on the first, second or third Sunday of June. It is held in London by the ceremony of Trooping the Colour, which is also known as the Queen's Birthday Parade. Otherwise this is not the accurate date of the Queen’s birth. Edward VII, who reigned from 1901 to 1910, and whose birthday was on 9 November, in autumn, moved the ceremony to summer in the hope of good weather. The Queen (Elizabeth II) does also celebrate her actual birthday on 21 April.
We all know about Boxing Day. The third day of Christmas when people gets their presents and The New Year’s Eve when welcome the brand new year. The first day of the month of May is known as May Day. It is the time of year when warmer weather begins and flowers and trees start to blossom. It is said to be a time of love and romance. It is when people celebrate the coming of summer with lots of different customs that are expressions of joy and hope after a long winter. I hope that’s enough of English and traditions. The bulk of cultural values belong to the United Kingdom are held in the British Museum. Its collections, which number more than seven million objects, are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The values kept here are incredible. The entrance is almost every time. It would be hard to describe it. The collection of it is tremendous. Here we can find the Rosetta-stone and the world’s oldest piece of glass made by Egyptian in 1460 BC. I really want to get there once. Since the United Kingdom is an island it had got several connections in the past. They also had conquests. That’s how black people arrived in the island. Some other weird things are the following. The English people drive on the left side of the road, they’ve got left hand rule. The British people have a special meal called tee. They like drinking tee a lot. The English literature and drama is world-famous. In England had created Shakespeare, the famous philosopher Bacon. Beillesztve innen:
18. Közélet - Közintézmények - Ügyintézés hivatalokban - Helyi közélet - Közbiztonság - Nemzeti ünnepek Well, life has never been easy. It’s really hard to manage our money and life and to be acquainted with the possibilities and obligations we have. We need to keep informed in order to the other people wouldn’t able to deceive us. When we start our new life as an adult we get a lot of bills and papers we have to send back or pay back. There are some public institutions we can manage our lives. I think of banks for example. A man who is the head of the family has to administer the papers. I can mention personal experience as well, because my father goes all the time to the bank. The Hungarian people have got a different rights and obligations. This system is really complex and complicated. If you enter into a bank then you have to decide in front of a machine what you want to do. There are plenty of possibilities, but these are collected into bigger groups which are showed on the screen of this machine. A big screen is somewhere in the bank but it’s well visible. When you see your number which was given by the machine you can go to a certain assistant. The bank assistants have got different numbers. This number is always showed next to your basic number on the screen. When you arrived to the assistant she/he will help you to handle your business. The local public life is put into the shade in my town. The pubs and clubs are not crammed with people. Everybody has to work all day and after they get home, they’re happy if they can spend some time with their loved ones. If they’re singles then sometimes go to discos and pubs to have fun but it’s not too characteristic. The younger people go of course to visit the discos and clubs at the weekend of course. I think Dunaújváros is a safety town. There aren’t crimes and murders in the streets. There gypsies of course like in every single Hungarian town. I personally hate them. I’m not racist but these people steal things from other ones speak and look ugly. Their qualities are really disgusting. You just go in the street they come opposite you and you’d be almost sure that they’re going to quip something. That’s horrible. The police often can be seen in my country. I feel safety when I saw them but I also feel said because I know they’re not too clever. I wouldn’t entrust my life to them. As every nation we also have national holidays. We celebrate the basic holidays as well, because the bulk of the country is Christian. A really important national holiday we have is the March 15. It’s the day of the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence 1848-49. A lot of people died but despite of this we couldn’t gain freedom against the Habsburg rule. Another said event when the generals of the revolution were executed in Arad in 1849. There are some others for example May 1 when we put maypoles in gardens. It’s an international Labour Day. August 20 is also a really important public holiday. It’s a quadruple event. It’s the day of our first Christian king called St. Stephen. He was the king who created counties and the state as well. He also determined
the Constitution. This day is also associated with the new bread after the harvest. A mass is held in the churches to bless the new bread. October 23 is a double holiday as we commemorate the Revolution of 1956 and the declaration of our republic in 1989. A lot of people suffered under Soviet suppression and after the declaration we were disengaged. Beillesztve innen:
19. Környezetvédelem - Környezeti ártalmak (levegő, víz, talaj, stb.) - Szelektív hulladékgyűjtés - Újrahasznosítás - Alternatív energiaforrások I think this is the main problem in the life of the human race we have to care about. The people influence the environment. They pollute it all the time. If I look a man who’s standing on the road I can see that, he’s smoking or throwing something onto the ground. That’s one person. If think about it, that there’s a lot of people on the earth who don’t care our future. I regard this very bad. There are some types of pollution: in the air there are a lot of planes and the kerosene they work with is very harmful for the air. It can damage the ozone layer a lot. The industry has got the main role of the environment pollution, because a factory usually pollutes the loam, the air and the water. We have to care about these things even though we need the products they produce. The government is trying to improve these factories to apply much more environment friendly equipment. We, the people can do favours for the environment; we throw the garbage into the right place. The recycling is one of the most important achievements of human. The people must work together to this system could run perfectly. We have to select our trash and throw it into the right container. There are a lot of places we can do this. The batteries which run down we’d better to select the most, because they’re very harmful. I think our endeavours will be pleasured by the environment. We should use alternative energy resources. The energy of the environment can be use. It gives us a lot of power we can live from. The only problem with this is, to operate our cars, or machines with these resources we need much more developed technology. And this is very expensive to realise. The endeavour of the world in this case is very respectful. They’re trying to use these energies and spending a lot of money on it. I hope the people will pay much more attention for their lives and environment. In this way we can still save this planet, otherwise the consequences will be awful.
1. Az egyén - Életkori sajátosságok - Viselkedési szokások - Divat/öltözködés/szépségápolás
11. Egészség/betegségek - Ambulancia - kórház - szakorvosok - Természetgyógyászat - gyógyszerek - Megelőzés/szűrővizsgálat
2. Társas kapcsolatok - Szerepek a családban - Férfi-nő kapcsolat - Munkahelyi kapcsolatrendszerek
12. Sport - Sportolás - egészséges életmód Labdasportok/csapatjátékok/játékszabály ok - Vízi sportok/téli sportok - Veszélyes sportok
3. Család - Család/gyermeknevelés - Generációk kapcsolata/együttélés - Házasság/válás/együttélési formák 4. Lakás/lakóhely - Bérlakás/saját tulajdonú lakás - Albérlet - Lakásvásárlás/lakáshitel - Lakáskorszerűsítés 5. Utazás/közlekedés - Gépjárművezetés/közlekedési szabályok - Közlekedési balesetek - Közlekedés gyalogosan, kerékpáron - Külföldi utazások célja/formái 6. Vásárlás/üzletek - Vásárlási szokások - Áruházláncok/csomagküldő szolgálat - Kis boltok kontra bevásárlóközpontok - Vásárlói reklamációk 7. Kommunikáció/kapcsolattartás - A mobiltelefon terjedésének okai - A nyelvtudás szerepe a kommunikációban - Az angol nyelv erősödő dominanciája 8. Szolgáltatások - Autóbérlés - Biztosítás/fajtái - Utazási irodák/bankok - Javítások/garancia - Közüzemi szolgáltatások 9. Kultúra/szórakozás - Zenei irányzatok/zenei ízlés - Könyv kontra Internet - Mozi, színház kontra TV, Video, DVD 10. Idő/időjárás - Az előrejelzések szerepe, pontossága - Időjárás és közérzet(orvosmeteorológia) - A klíma és növény-állatvilág összefüggési
13. Média - Napilapok jellege, rovataik - Szenzáció és hírközlés - Média és kultúra-közvetítés 14. Hobbi - Műkedvelői tevékenység - Egyesületek (sport, kulturális, szakmai) - Hobbi és munka 15. Tanulás/munka - Nyelvtudás/szakképzettség/ karrier - Esélyegyenlőség a tanulásban, elhelyezkedésnél - Csereprogramok - Külföldi ösztöndíjak/részképzések - Tömegoktatás kontra elitképzés 16. Az Európai Unió - Munkavállalás az EU-ban - Nyelvoktatás/ nyelvtudás/ elhelyezkedési esélyek az EU-ban - EU programok (oktatás, gazdaság, stb.) 17. Ország ismeret A forrás- és a nyelvi ország - Népessége/nemzetségei - Történelmi hagyományai/emlékei - Kulturális értékei - Művészeti/néprajzi sajátosságai 18. Közélet - Közintézmények - Ügyintézés hivatalokban - Helyi közélet - Közbiztonság - Nemzeti ünnepek 19. Környezetvédelem - Környezeti ártalmak (levegő, víz, talaj, stb.) - Szelektív hulladékgyűjtés - Újrahasznosítás - Alternatív energiaforrások
20. Aktuális témák/események - Közélet - Gazdaság
- Művészetek - Sport
