Heriot-Watt University
Petroleum Engineering
Laboratory Report
Name
Abutalib Allahverdiyev
Group Number
NM-!"#
E$per E$perim imen entt %it %itle le
E&&i E&&i'i 'ien' en'y y o& o& the the 'ent 'entri ri&u &ugal gal pump pump
(ate o&
)*+),+")
E$periment (emonstrator
Elmeddin Aliyev
.upervisor
/uad 0eliyev
Contents Summary/Abstract.................. Summary/Abstract...................................... ........................................ ........................................ ............................................ ........................3 3 Introduction.............. Introduction.................................. ........................................ ....................................... .......................................................... ....................................... 3 Theory.............................. Theory................................................. ....................................... ........................................ ............................................. ............................... ...... 4 Equipment and Procedure........ Procedure........................... ....................................... ........................................................ ........................................... ....... 6
Petroleum Engineering aboratory !eport "iscussion "iscussion o# the !esult........................ !esult............................................ .......................................................... ................................................. ........... $ %onclusion................... %onclusion....................................... ........................................ ........................................ ..................................................... ................................. &' !e#erence............. !e#erence................................. ........................................ ........................................ ....................................................... ........................................ ..... &' (ibliography................... (ibliography....................................... ....................................... ....................................... .................................. ............................ ................. ... && Appendi)......................... Appendi)............................................ ....................................... ........................................ .................................... .............................. .............. &&
Summary/Abstract %he e$periment 1as 'arried out to re'ord the pump 'hara'teristi's o& a 'entri&ugal pump+ %he main ob2e'tive o& the report is to determine the hydrauli' po1er and 'al'ulate the e&&i'ien'y o& the 'entri&ugal pump+ /urthermore3 the e4uations &or 'al'ulating the re4uired results are given in the 5%heory6+ E4uipment 1hi'h is used during the e$periment is also given and 'learly des'ribed 1ith pi'tures+ %he pro'edure o& e$periment is presented 1ith spe'ial details+ 7n 5E$perimental (etails and Results6 *
Petroleum Engineering aboratory !eport
se'tion the data 1hi'h is 'olle'ted during the e$periment is provided+ A&ter that the obtained results and the di&&eren'e &rom theoreti'al results is dis'ussed+ At the end o& report e$ternal lin8s and bibliography &or 1riting this report is given+ 7n appendi$3 the 'al'ulations &or one trial are also given+
Introduction %he most 'ommon e4uipment used in industry to transport &luid through pipes is the 'entri&ugal pump+ %he 'entri&ugal pump is appli'able to 'ir'umstan'es re4uiring moderate to high &lo1 rates and measured in'reases in pump head or inta8e pressure+ %here are several usages o& 'entri&ugal pump in industry su'h as3 1ater supply systems3 'ir'ulating 1ater heating and 'ooling systems &or apartments3 dish1ashers and 'loth 1ashing ma'hines3 and automobile engine+ 7& the &lo1 needs high pressure and to be slo13 the positive displa'ement pumps are re'ommended rather than 'entri&ugal pumps+ 9e'ause the pressure rise plays a negligible role in the pro'essing o& positive displa'ement pumps+ As the &lo1 &lo1 o& &luid &luid through through pump 'annot 'annot be predi'ted3 predi'ted3 some e$periments e$periments are 'arried 'arried out to 'omprehend the &lo1 'hara'teristi's+ 7n order to a''omplish the given tas8 t1o pump 'urves are s8et'hed+ (uring the e$periment pump 'hara'teristi' 'urve 1ill be re'orded at 'onstant pump speed+ %his 1ill be 'arried out by measuring inta8e and delivery pressure and determining the &lo1 rate o& &luid+ Also3 pump 'hara'teristi' 'urves &or di&&erent speeds 1ill be noted+ Additionally3 po1er and e&&i'ien'y 'urves 1ill be s8et'hed by measuring the ele'tri'al drive po1er3 and determining the hydrauli' po1er3 and the e&&i'ien'y o& 'entri&ugal pump+
3
Petroleum Engineering aboratory !eport
Theory %he determining o& the pump e&&i'ien'y is the main ob2e'tive o& this report+ 7n order to a''omplish the aim o& the report input po1er o& the drive motor and the hydrauli' output po1er o& the pump are re4uired+ Motor 7nput-Po1er: %he asyn'hronous motor input-po1er is obtained &rom the &re4uen'y 'onverter and presented on the digital display:
Ped
Hydrauli' Pump ;utput Po1er: %he output po1er o& the hydrauli' pump is evaluated using the belo1 &ormula: Phyd = ´ V∙ H ∙g∙ρ
Where3 <-density o& 1ater3 !==> 8g?m ,# g-the gravitational a''eleration3!=+>
m/s
2
#
´ V - is a volumetri' &lo1 rate+
H- pump delivery head
%he volumetri' &lo1 rate is 'al'ulated as:
´= V
∆ V ∆ t
(elivery head o& pump: %he e4uation 1hi'h is used to &ind the delivery head o& pump is sho1n belo1:
4
Petroleum Engineering aboratory !eport 2 2 Pds− Pis c ds−c is H = + y + g∙ ρ 2g
Where3 y-is the height di&&eren'e o& the t1o manometers3 and in this 'ase it is e4ual to )+> m+ c ds ds and c is is 'an'el
ea'h other+ 9e'ause the 'ross se'tional area o& the su'tion and
pressure 'onne'tions are the same+ .o the &inal e4uation o& delivery pump is : H =
Pds− Pis g∙ ρ
+ 0.18
Pump e&&i'ien'y: Lastly3 the pump e&&i'ient is 'al'ulated 1ith the help o& hydrauli' pump po1er and the asyn'hronous motor po1er+ %he motor e&&i'ien'y is )+=" !
ηm =0.92
3 the te'hni'al
spe'i&i'ation o& pump#+ %he pump e&&i'ien'y: η P=
P hyd Ped ∙ ηm
+
Petroleum Engineering aboratory !eport
Equipment and Procedure
/igure : HM )+)@ 1ith 'omposite parts Pos
(esignation
Pos
(esignation
+ " , @ * B
+ Asyn'hronous motor > Alteration s1it'h o& digital display Rear panel = ;n-o&& s1it'h &or entri&ugal pump 9all valve ) Potentiometer &or speed Manometer3 delivery side Master s1it'h Manometer3 inta8e side " Emergen'y- o&& s1it'h (isplay o& s1it'h position , entri&ugal pump (igital display @ /rame %able : Parts o& HM)+)@
%he stru'ture o& module is made o& anti-'orrosion materials+ Ho1ever3 the pipes and stop valves are made o& plasti'+ %he 'entri&ugal pump is driven by asyn'hronous motor !#+ With the help o& &re4uen'y 'onverter the speed o& pump is 'ontrolled+ %he po1er and speed o& pump 'an be read &rom the digital display !B#+ %he alternation s1it'h is used to 'hange display &rom one variable to another+ %he &un'tion o& manometers is to
6
Petroleum Engineering aboratory !eport
determine the pressure on the su'tion and dis'harge side !@3 #+ %he volumetri' tan8 o& HM ) is used to measure the volumetri' and mass &lo1 rate+
/igure ": %he bottom o& apparatus Pos + * B >
(esignation .torage tan8 (rain Hose 'onne'tion (iverting 'ap
Pos
(esignation
+ = ") "
Cui'8 &it 9all valve Water supply 'onne'tion 1ith 'ap
%able ": 9ottom parts o& HM)+)@
,
Petroleum Engineering aboratory !eport
9e&ore 'arrying out the e$periment some ambient 'onditions are needed to be set+ /or e$ample3 the pro'edure is per&ormed in a 'losed room+ %he 1hole system is &reed &rom dirt and moisture+ Lastly3 the apparatus must be set in a &i$ed table+ Procedure:
A&ter that that the e$periment e$periment is started 1ith &ollo1ing &ollo1ing steps: steps: •
• • • •
• •
%he unit HM)+)@ is pla'ed on the HM) module+ %hen 3 it is ensured that the return pipe 'ondu'ts the 1ater into the 'hannel+ %he drain is opened+ %he ball valve is opened+ %he storage tan8 is &illed 1ith 1ater+ %he unit is 'onne'ted to the ele'tri'al supply+ Note: the po1er supply must meet the spe'i&i'ations o& the unit+ 0ent the pump+ %he HM) and the HM )+)@ are 'onne'ted 1ith the hose+
Results A&ter the e$periment e$periment is &inished3 &inished3 and all the 'al'ulations 'al'ulations are per&ormed3 per&ormed3 the &ollo1ing &ollo1ing results are obtained &or ) rpm and B") rpm+ −1
Rotational speed of the impeller=1550 min
¯¿
ps ¿
¯¿
pdis ¿
0!L#
%ime!s#
/lo1rate
H! m#
Pm ( W
Phyd ( W )
η p ∈
!l?hr#
-)+" -)+"
)+" )+"
) )
B+> =+)
")""+@B >>=+B*
-)+= -)+@ -)+"=
)+,B )+ )+
) ) )
"B+ @@+B* *B+
,)=+)= >)@+, ,,+,,
@ ")) @+ =B += B+", >+B*
")" =@ ")
"" ",+,
" "+B*
" +> "+B
+, >+>* *+B@
Table 3: Results for !!" rpm −1
Rotational speed of the impeller=1720 min
-
Petroleum Engineering aboratory !eport ¯¿ ¯ 0!L# %ime!se'# /lo1rate !l?hr# ¿ ps ¿ pdis ¿
H! m#
Pm (
Phyd ( W
η p ∈
-)+, -)+,
)+)B )+*
) )
+" >
*3&$.+$ *'''.6+
4 4'6 4 4 $
"@, ",>
"+* "*+*
+@* "+B
-)+"* -)+", -)+,
)+"@ )+,= )+
) ) )
")+>B "+=) ,B+
&,*+.&3 &3$'.$3 $6'
+ +..*$ 6 6+& -$
",> ",B ",
"@+>" ",+> ",+"@
+,, )+B
Table 3: Results for #$" rpm
%iscussion of the Result
Pump characteristic cur&e &' $ , 6 Pump head )m+
&++' rpm
+
&,*' rpm
4 3 * & ' '
+''
&'''
&+''
*'''
*+''
'lo( rate )*/h+
Figur e 3: Pump characteristic curves
$
Petroleum Engineering aboratory !eport
.o3 it is 'learly seen &rom the graph that ma$imum e&&i'ien'y o& pump o''urs 1hen the pump head is bet1een @ and meters3 and the &lo1 rate is nearly "))) l?hr+ ;n the other hand3 the least e&&i'ien'y o& pump is e$perien'ed 1hen the pump head is more than B meters and the &lo1 rate o& 1ater is less than )) l?hr+ %here&ore3 it is obvious that the most optimal regime &or this pump is observed 1hen pump head is @- meters and &lo1 rate is "))) l?hr+ Ho1ever3 the obtained results are not the e$a't theoreti'al results &or the 'entri&ugal pump+ %here are some &a'tors that a&&e't the result o& the e$periment+ /irst e$ample 1ould be &ri'tional losses in the &lo1+ /ri'tional loss is 'aused by pipe 1all3 &ittings 'entri&ugal pump and its 'ompositions+ .e'ondly3 the vibration o& the unit is the sour'e o& some errors3 be'ause it in'reases the &ri'tional loss+ Also3 'avitation 'aused by impellers 'an 'ause su'h errors+ Additionally3 the re'ordings o& manometers 'annot be as a''urate as desired+ /inal reason &or the error is stop1at'h usage+ 7t also 'auses some errors+ 7n order to minimiDe su'h errors3 vibration o& the module 'an be de'reased the 'avitation 'an be ta8en into a''ount+
Conclusion In general3 the e$periment 'ould be ta8en as su''ess&ul e$periment+ ;& 'ourse3 results
are e$pe'ted 1ith some errors+ %he reasons &or su'h errors are vibration o& unit3 &ri'tional losses3 'avitation3 and indi'ation o& manometer3 + 7n order to diminish the errors3 the 1ater 'an be distillated the pro'ess 'an be &reed &rom vibrations and bubbles+
Reference • •
0&+' (asic ydraulic ydraulic (ench manual manual http1//222.mutiaranata.com/pr http1//222.mutiaranata.com/product/detail/hm&+' oduct/detail/hm&+''4ar '4ariablespeed iablespeed centri#ugalpump
&'
Petroleum Engineering aboratory !eport
,iblio-raphy 5Process Engineering A lecture notes T.Alshemmeri T.Alshemmeri Engineering Engineering 7luid 7luid mechanics
Appendi. %here have been many trials &or di&&erent rotational speed o& impeller and &or di&&erent &lo1 rates+ .o the 'al'ulations are only presented &or one 'ase+ %he 'apa'ity o& tan8 and time needed to &ill it are obtained &rom e$periment data :
∆ Q=10 l ∆ t =17.8 se c
0olumetri' &lo1 rate 'an be &ound:
− ´Q= ∆ Q = 10 ∙ 10 m = 0.56 ∙ 10− m / s 3
3
3
∆ t
3
17.8 s
Pressure o& su'tion and delivery sides are also given in e$periment data:
Pds=0.12 ba r Pis =−0.25 bar ba r
.o3 delivery head 'an be evaluated:
&&
Petroleum Engineering aboratory !eport 5 5 Pds− Pis 0.12 ∙ 10 + 0.25 ∙ 10 H = + 0.18 = + 0.18 =3.78 ≈ 4 m g∙ ρ 998 ∙ 9.81
A&ter that that the hydrauli' hydrauli' po1er po1er o& pump pump 'an be determined: determined:
−3
Phyd =0.568 ∙ 10 ∙ 3.96 ∙ 9.81 ∙ 998=22.02 W
/inally3 overall e&&i'ien'y o& the 'entri&ugal pump is 'al'ulated:
η P=
P hyd Ped ∙ ηm
∙ 100 =
22 200 ∙ 0.92
∙ 100 = 12
&*
