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¿EL VERDADERO MES´ IAS? Una resp Una respue uest sta a Ju Jud d´ıa a los Misioneros ***
ARYEH KAPLAN Traducido por Juan R. Mayorga Z., PhD.
Publicado Public ado por JEWS FOR JUDAISM,
2795 Bathurst St, PO Box 41032 Toronto, ON Canada M6B 4J6. Phone (416) 789-0020 E-mail:
[email protected] www.jewsforjudaism.org
c 1976 por National Conference of Synagogue Youth , (NCSY) c Nueva Edici´on on 1985 por NCSY c Edici´ on Jews for Judaism en Espa˜ on Jews nol 2007 nol 2007 por Orthodox Union ( OU) y on con Jews for Judaism. on NCSY en cooperaci´ Todos los derechos reservados. Todos los derechos reservados. Ninguna parte de esta publicaci´on on puede ser copiada electr´onicamente, onicamente, ni fotocopiada, ni reproducida por m´etodo etodo alguno sin permiso escrito de parte del due˜no no de los derechos. Puede ser descargado gratuitamente en formato PDF desde www.jewsforjudaism.org Esta edici´on on ha sido impresa con permiso de Orthodox Union y NCSY, 11 Broadway, New York, NY 10004 - Phone 212.563.4000 - www.ou.org
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Aryeh Kaplan
¿Ell Ver ¿E erda dade dero ro Me Mess´ıa ıas? s? —————————————
Una respuesta jud jud´ ´ıa a los misioneros —————————————
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´ AL CASTELLANO: TRADUCCION Dr. Juan R. Mayorga Z.
Universidad Tecnol´ ogica Indoa ogica Indoam´ m´erica, erica, Ambato - Ecuador E cuador P´aginas aginas web: http://jmayorga.wordpress.com , http://noajidas.org E-mail:
[email protected],
[email protected]
´ ASESORAMIENTO DE TRADUCCION: Lcdo. Yehuda Ribco P´aginas aginas web: http://SerJudio.com , http://fulvida.com
E-mail:
[email protected]
Esta traducci´on on fue llevada a cabo con todo temor y amor hacia el Creador, Dios de Israel. El traductor y su esposa, Do˜na na Carmen Mercedes Hermoza Ramos, dedican este trabajo a sus amigos y hermanos: Do˜ na Giovanna Ximena Hermoza Ramos na y Don V´ıctor Santiago O˜nate nate Ter´an. an. “¡Quiera Dios derramar siempre y en abundancia de Su bondad y misericordia sobre ellos! Quiera Dios bendecirlos con salud f´ısica, mental ment al y espiritual todos sus d´ıas en la tierra. Que en su hogar viva la paz y sobreabunde la descendencia. Que reciban todo lo bueno en Este Mundo y en el Mundo por Venir.”
¡Baruj Hashem!
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Contenido Una gu gu´ ´ıa pr´ actic a para tratar el problema del Misioner actica Misionerismo ismo
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¿Por qu´ q u´ e no somos crist cristianos? ianos? Aryeh Kaplan
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Cuando un Jud Jud´ ´ıo se vuelve Cristiano Aryeh Kaplan
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La transici´ on de “Mes on “Mes´ ´ıas” a “Crist “Cristo” o” Aryeh Kaplan
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Ecumenism o y di´ Ecumenismo alogo - 1263 E.C. alogo Berel Wein
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¿Fue Jes´ us el Mes us Mes´ ´ıas? ¡Examinemos los hechos! Pinchas Stolper
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Jes´ us y la Biblia us Aryeh Kaplan
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Contempla al hombre: el verdadero Jes´us Aryeh Kaplan
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El verdade ver dadero ro Mes Mes´ ´ıas Aryeh Kaplan
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Mi camino de regreso - la historia de una chica como le fue contada a Aryeh Kaplan
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Addendum
65
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Muy a menud menudo, o, po porr tr tratar atar de re resp sponder onder al reto misio misioner nero, o, uno puede ejecutar ejecutar ciertos procesos que, a pesar de verse l´ ogicos, (de hecho) nos ponen en bandeja de plata ante los misioner misioneros. os. Por ello, un grupo de l´ıderes ıderes de la comunida comunidad d jud jud´ ´ıa han preparado estos lineamientos para tratar con misioneros (y sus seguidores) sobre terreno.
Una gu´ıa pr´acti Una actica ca par paraa tr trat atar ar el problema del Misionerismo 1. Usted Usted no va a ganar corazones corazones para para la Tor´ a al intentar convencer a otros de que las afirmaciones del Cristianismo son falsas. Invierta su tiempo aprendiendo, ense˜ nando y explicando el significado que conlleva la Tor´a y nando sus Mitzvot. Mejor a´un, un, invite a aquella persona que est´a en b´ usqueda de usqueda valores religiosos a un Shabat´on, on, o a su hogar para Shabat. Deje que la verdad y belleza de la Tor´a (y su forma de vida) guien a las personas al camino correcto. 2. No discuta con misioneros. No de cr´edito edito ni dignidad a tales esfuerzos por ganar almas. Hay millones de cristianos no-practicantes quienes son mejor blancoo para tales misio blanc misiones. nes. 3. Los misioneros misioneros son usualment usualmentee fan´ aticos de mente cerrada. Est´an aticos an entrenados para responder a sus argumentos mec´anicamente anicamente y casi de memoria. Si no pueden manejar su objeci´on, on, entonces la desviar´an an poniendo en el tapete otro punto, y otro m´as... as... Aun si usted gana, realmente pierde. 4. No debata, ni dialogue, ni discuta discuta con misioneros. A menudo menudo los misioneros se esfue esfuerzan rzan por conse conseguir guir que jud jud´´ıos se inv involucr olucren en en debat debates es p´ ublicos. ublicos. No caiga en este ardid pues es totalmente in´util. util. Sobre todo, no invite como conferencistas a misioneros (ni a sus seguidores) a eventos que cuentan con co n auspicio auspi cio jud´ıo. ıo. Tal hospitalidad hospita lidad no hace hac e m´ as que proveer dignidad as institucional y legitimidad a la causa misionera. Por otro lado, no ataque p´ ublicamente ni (peor aun) agreda a los misioneros; esto s´olo sirve para ublicamente pintarlos con un aura de martirio, as´ı perdemos. p erdemos. Nuestra obligaci´on on esencial es apuntala apuntalarr nuestro nuestr o Juda´ J uda´ısmo. ısmo. 5. No se deje enga˜nar nar por la palabr palabrer er´´ıa cristiana cristiana (pseudo) ju jud´ıa . Algunos grupos grup os misione misioneros ros apuntan espec´ıficamente ıficamente a los l os jud jud´´ıos con la ret´orica orica de que aquell aquellos os que se les unen se “compl “completan etan”” o “reali “realizan” zan” como jud jud´´ıos. Es patente la incompatibilidad de esta afirmaci´on on con las tradiciones y convicciones jud jud´´ıas. Cualquier conversi´ on al Cristianismo o a cualquier on otra fe es un abandono del Juda Juda´´ısmo. Sin duda tenemos que esforzarnos por retornar a individuos errantes a su propia fe y a su propia comunidad (de una manera c´alida, alida, basada en el amor). 1
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Un a gu´ıa pr Una pr´ ´ ac tic acti ca contra el Misionerismo
6. No pierda su compostura. El estilo estilo de los misioneros misioneros es normalmente normalmente afable, demostrando compostura. Im Im´´ıtelos. Cuando lleguen a su puerta con una sonrisa, responda amablemente - firmemente pero sin recriminaci´on on “No gracias, no estoy interesado”, o alguna frase igual de breve y definitiva. 7. Emp´ apese de los hechos. Obtener informaci´on apese on fidedigna es un paso indispensable. Ning´ un plan de acci´ un on puede ser puesto en marcha hasta que on se tenga una buena imagen de la situaci´on on en la comunidad. ¿Est´an an los jud´´ıos, por ser jud jud jud´´ıos, siendo objeto de proselitismo misionero? ¿Qui´enes enes son los misioneros y cu´ales ales son sus bases de operaciones o fuentes de estos? ¿Ba ¿ Bajo jo qu´e circunstancia circun stanciass y por qu´e medios medi os fluye el misioneri mi sionerismo smo - en escuelas, escuela s, cafeter´ıas, ıas, a trav´es es de los medios de comunicac comunicaci´ i´on, on, en reuniones de oraci´on, on, en grupos hogare˜nos nos de estudio, bibliotecas m´oviles? oviles? 8. Plan´ee ee una un a estrategi e strategiaa y una metodo metodolog´ log´ıa. ıa. Asumiendo As umiendo que despu´es es de d e indai ndagar sobre lo que est´a pasand pasandoo se detec detecta ta un proble problema ma que requi requiere ere acci´on: on: a ) Haga un repaso de los recursos con que se cuenta, e.g., personal con conocimiento y experiencia, literatura apropiada, espacios f´ısicos ısicos apropiados. b ) Debe darse prioridad a j´ovenes ovenes y ancianos. Debe establecerse una fuerza de resistencia para tratar con ellos persona a persona. Asimismo organice una reserva de adultos que tengan alguna fortaleza o experiencia (en contrarrestar el misionerismo). c ) Estudie Estudie con muc mucho ho cuidado, usando informaci´ on de primera mano, on las necesidades necesidades de aquell aquellos os j´ovenes ovenes jud jud´´ıos quienes est´an an est´an an siendo atraidos atraid os por (o que ya est est´´en en inmers inmersos os en) movi movimien mientos tos relig religiosos. iosos. ¿Qu´e buscan nuestros j´ovenes? ovenes? No prejuzgue sobre estos temas y recuerde que el Movimiento pro-Jes´us us es bastante complejo. d ) Con la misma prolijidad plan´ee ee c´omo omo ofrecer una respues respuesta ta (jud (ju d´ıa) positiva para cada necesidad y para cada b´usqueda. usqueda. S´ olo entonces olo ser´a posible llegar a estos j´ovenes, ovenes, y as as´´ı compartir conocimiento (e inculcar entendimiento) que propicie un entrenamiento intensivo de nuestros muchac muchachos. hos. 9. Enf´ oquese en los adolescentes. No s´olo oquese olo los l os universitar un iversitarios ios sino, si no, tambi´en, en, los lo s colegiales (aun de primeros a˜nos) nos) deben ser tenidos por vulnerables. Un buen n´ umero de misioneros tiende a concentrarse en adolescentes, usanumero do deliberadamente grupos de discusi´on, on, explotanto tanto la inestabilidad de estos a˜nos nos como la predisposici´on on de los j´ ovenes a retar valores tradiovenes cionalmente aceptados. Estas ´areas areas demandan nuestro mayor escrutinio y planeamiento. Recalquemos que la sobrereacci´on on es contraproducente: debe evitarse la imitaci´on on as´ı como enfrentami enfrentamientos entos y contracru contracruzadas. zadas.
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Un a gu´ıa pr Una pr´ ´ ac tic acti ca contra el Misionerismo
10. Cr´ee ee espacios espacio s para que los l os j´ovenes ovenes participen. Desafortunadamente quienes est´an an confusos respecto a su Juda´ısmo ısmo y con problemas personales no siempre se permitir´an an participar en programas que se llevan llevan a cabo en sinagogas u organizaciones juveniles. Es necesario desarrollar nuevas vias para llegar a los j´ ovenes con el contenido y objetivos de los programas, incluso en ovenes aquellos programas que son consider considerados ados por el los los como no-controlados por la autoridad la autoridad . Recientemente algunos programas para j´ovenes ovenes y adolescentes reflejan esta metodolog metodolog´´ıa, utilizando ambient ambientes es informales (como cafeter cafeter´´ıas) para generar espacios para la discusi´on, on, la cr cr´´ıtica y para establecer contactos con otros j´ovenes. ovenes. Tales programas son consistentes con el objetivo ´ultimo: ultimo: alcanzar a los j´ovenes, ovenes, provey´endoles endoles ambientes jud´´ıos en donde puedan relajarse, conocer a otros j´ovenes, jud ovenes, donde pueden hablar de manera informal con personas capacitadas, cumplidoras y sensibles - incluyendo a otros de sus pares. Se debe dar alta prioridad a la experimentaci´ on de metodolog on metodolog´´ıas nuevas y creativ creativas as para abrir canales de participaci´ on para nuestros j´ovenes. on ovenes. Por sobre so bre todas las cosas, recuerde que la mayor mayor´´ıa de personas atra atra´´ıdas por los misioneros no ha experimentado verdaderamente una vida de Tor´a - tan s´olo olo sugiera “ant “antes es que va vayas yas a los gent gentiles, iles, ¿por qu´ e no indaga indagass sobre lo que nuestra propia tradici´on on tiene para ofrecerte”. Pero siga adelante creando para ellos experiencias positivas de Tor´a. a.
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Por m´ as de 2000 a n ˜os, misioneros cristianos han intentado convencer al al Jud´ Ju d´ıo sobre sus planteos y, duran durante te ese mismo per per´ ´ıodo, el jud jud´ ´ıo se ha resistid resistido. o. Aquellos que resistieron con mayor fervor fueron quienes buscaron a Dios con mayor anhelo. ¿Qu´ e los motiv´ o? ¿Por qu´ e nunca cedimos ante los misioner misioneros? os?
¿Por qu´e no somo somoss cri cristia stianos? nos? por Aryeh Kaplan
E
scuchamos hoy en e n d´ıa ıa sobre s obre un movimiento llamad llamadoo “Jud “ Jud´´ıos por p or Jes´us”. us”. Un peque˜ n o n´ no umero de jud umero jud´´ıos aparentemen aparentemente te est´a encontrando atractivas las ense˜ nanzas del Cristia nanzas Cristianismo. nismo. Sin embargo, la gran mayor mayor´´ıa de jud jud´´ıos todav´ıa ıa rechaza estas ense˜nanzas nanzas de la forma m´as as enf´atica. atica. Por m´as as de dos mil a˜nos nos los cristianos han intent intentado ado persuadir a los jud jud´´ıos. Y por po r el mismo lapso, los jud ju d´ıos se s e han resisti resistido do a tales cortejos cortejos.. Pero, ¿por ¿ por qu´e? e? ¿Por qu´ q u´e no aceptamo aceptamoss a Jes´us? us? En definitiv definitiva, a, ¿Por qu´e no somos cristianos? Para entender entender esto debemos analizar qu´ e hay en los fundam fundament entos os de las creencias cristianas. El Cristianismo empez´o con un jud jud´´ıo. Jes´ us vivi´ us o como un jud jud´´ıo en tiempos de muc muchos hos de nue nuestros stros m´as as grandes sabios Talm´ udicos. udicos. El gran Hillel vivi´o una generaci´on on antes y Rab Rab´´ı Akiva lo hizo una generaci´on on despu´es. es. Sin embargo, embarg o, nuestras propias pro pias fuentes tienen registrado regi strado muy poco p oco sobre so bre la vida de Jes´us. us. Todo lo que podemos po demos leer sobre ´el el lo podemos encontrar en los Evangelios del Nuevo Testamento, un libro escrito por y para la primera iglesia cristiana. Este libro, sin embargo, fue escrito principalmente para promover la causa cristiana y es, por tanto, imposible separar la historia personal de Jes´us us del“Cristo” dise˜ nado por la teolog nado teolog´´ıa cristiana temprana. Poco despu´es es de la muerte de Jes´us, us, encontramos un notable cambio en las ense˜ nanzas de sus seguidores. nanzas seguidores. El Cristianismo, Cristianismo, como lo conocem conocemos, os, empez´o durante este per´ıodo ıodo con los traba jos de Pablo de Tarso. Pablo, o como fue conocido previamente, Saul, era un disc disc´´ıpulo del gran Talmudista Rab Rab´´ı Gamaliel y empez´o su carrera oponi´endose endose activamente activamente a los primeros cristianos. En un incidente dram´atico, atico, camino a Damasco, Pablo se convirti´o al Crist Cristianism ianismoo para, posteriormente, convertirse en uno de sus l´ıderes m´as as aventajados. A pesar de que ´el el nunca hab hab´´ıa visto (en vida) a Jes´us, us, afirm´ o haber dialogado con ´el el en
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¿Por qu´ q u´ e no somos cristi cristianos? anos?
2. El hombre es malo y pecador. Toda Toda la hum humanidad anidad est´ esta´ maldecida debido al pecado de Ad´an. an. La Tor´ a no puede salvar al hombre pues sus mandamientos son demasiado dif dif´´ıciles de guardar. La unica u ´nica cosa que puede salvaguardar al hombre de su ultimada condena (al infierno) es la creencia en Crist Cristo. o. 3. Los Jud Jud´´ıos fueron originalmente originalmente el puebl puebloo escog escogido ido de Dios pero p ero fueron repudiados cuando rehusaron aceptar a Su hijo, Jes´us. us. El nombre “Israel”, pueblo escogido de Dios, no es m´as as atribuible a los Jud J ud´´ıos sino a quienes aceptan a Jes´ us como el Mes us Mes´´ıas. S´olo olo estos son part part´´ıcipes del amor de Dios. El resto est´a condenado al infierno. 4. Hay una unica u ´nica ley ahora que Cristo ha venido, y ´esta esta es la del amor. Uno debe seguir el ejemplo del sacrificio de Cristo y, pacientemente, esperar que Dios sea compas compasivo ivo en corres correspondenc pondencia. ia. Nos basta con estos principios del Cristianismo para ver por p or qu´e los Jud Jud´´ıos no pod´ p od´ıan ıan aceptar aceptarlas. las. Contrast´emoslos, emoslo s, punto a punto, p unto, con la visi´on on Ju Jud´ d´ıa: ıa : 1. Jes´ us no pudo haber us hab er sido el Mes´ Mes´ıas. Los Profetas predijeron un mundo de paz y amor despu´es es de la venida veni da del Mes Mes´´ıas, y esto no se ha dado. Adem´as as cualquier cualqu ier planteamiento planteam iento de que el Mes Mes´´ıas es el “hijo “h ijo de Dios” Di os” es totalmente tota lmente inaceptabl inace ptable. e. En ning´ un lugar dicen los Profetas que ´el un el ser´a nada m´as as que un l´ıder notable y un u n maestro. m aestro. 2. A pesar de que la Tor´ Tor´a efectivamente efectivamente habla del pecado de Ad´an, an, ense˜ na que na el hombre puede pue de elevarse por po r encima de ello. e llo. El hombre ho mbre podr po dr´´ıa no ser capaz cap az de autoperfeccionarse, pero fue por esto mismo que Dios nos entreg´o la Tor´ a. Es absurdo pensar que Dios entregara una Tor´a que era imposible a. (o demasiad d emasiadoo dif di f´ıcil) de observar. o bservar. De D e ninguna ni nguna manera el Juda´ J uda´ısmo ısmo ense˜ e nse˜na na que uno puede ser “salvado “ salvado de la condenaci´ on ” simplemente “por “por creer ”. creer ”. Cualquier convicci´on on verdadera en Dios debe guiar (necesariamente) a una persona para que (tambi (tambi´´en) en) observe Sus mandamientos. 3. Es imposible imp osible imaginar que Dios event eventualmente ualmente rechazara al pueblo Jud Jud´´ıo. En muchos pasajes, la Biblia claramente establece que Su pacto con Israel es para siempre. 4. En mu muccho hoss pa pasaje sajes, s, la Bi Bibl blia ia di dice ce qu quee la Tor´ a fu fuee en entr treg egad adaa pa para ra la eternidad. Es por tanto imposible decir que ha sido reemplazada por una
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¿Por qu´ q u´ e no somos cristi cristianos? anos?
Por un lado, no vemos evidencia de que Jes´ us haya sido us si do realmente el Mes Mes´´ıas esperado por Israel esperado Israel.. La prome promesa sa Mesi´ anica incluye cosas como una paz perfecta anica y unidad entre los hombres, amor y verdad, conocimiento universal y felicidad sin tribulaciones, as as´´ı como el fin de todo el mal, de la idolatr idolatr´´ıa, falsedad y odio. Ninguna de las condiciones anteriores ha sido alcanzada por el Cristianismo. A esto, la respuesta cristiana es la simple afirmaci´on on de que “todas las cosas en realidad han cambiado con la venida de Jes´us. us. Si el cambio no es visible, es porque el hombre es malvado y no ha aceptado verdaderamente a Jes´us us y sus ense˜ nanzas. Entonces el Mes´ıas nanzas. ıas (o Cristo) tendr´a que volver para probar su victoria”. El Jud Jud´´ıo se rehusa a aceptar la excusa de que las principales profec profec´´ıas en lo concerniente concern iente al Mes Mes´´ıas unicamente u ´ nicamente ser´an an cumplidas en la “segunda venida”. El espera que el Mes Mes´´ıas complete esta misi´on on al primer intent intento. o. El Jud Jud´´ıo cree, por tanto,, que el Mes´ıas tanto ıas to todav´ dav´ıa ıa est´a por venir. Pero hay de hecho un punto que no debemos dejar de considerar pues su importancia impor tancia es mayor que la mera m era identidad i dentidad del Mes Mes´´ıas. El Cristiani Cr istianismo smo tambi´ ta mbi´en en ense˜ na que Jes´ na us fue Dios en forma humana. El Jud us Jud´´ıo mira esto como una idea totalmente equivocada sobre Dios. Hace a Dios demasiado peque˜no n o pues, al afirmar que El puede tomar forma humana, se disminuye tanto Su unidad como Su divinidad. Discordamos con el Cristianismo no s´olo olo con respecto a creer , sin sinoo tambi´en con respecto a lo que el hombre debe hacer debe hacer . El Cristianismo tiende a negar que las acciones u obras del hombre son realmente ´utiles. utiles. La unica u ´ nica cosa que puede salvar salv ar al homb hombre re es su fe ant antee su estad estadoo pecami p ecaminoso noso y una total dependencia dependencia en Cristo. Crist o. El Jud Jud´´ıo, por otro lado, cree que el homb hombre re puede acercarse acercarse a Dios al obedecerle guardando Sus mandamientos. El Crist Cristianism ianismoo arranc arrancaa ent entonces onces con una idea, mien mientras tras que el Juda Juda´´ısmo parte exactamente con la idea opuesta. El Juda´ısmo ısmo parte con la idea de que el hombre es creado “en la imagen de Dios”. Por tanto no debe ir tan lejos para descubrir lo divino, tanto en s´ı mismo como en otros. Hay siempre una oportunidad para despertar lo divino en uno mismo media mediante nte la obser observa vancia ncia de Sus mandam mandamien ientos. tos. El Jud Jud´´ıo empie empieza za con esta oportunidad. El Cristianismo, Cristianismo, por otro lado, parte con la idea de que el hombre es pecador
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¿Por qu´ q u´ e no somos cristi cristianos? anos?
y apreciamos su grandeza, gra ndeza, porque ´este este puede obedecer estos mandamientos y cumplir con el deseo de Dios. El Cristianismo ense˜ na que el hombre es tan malvado que no puede realmente na servir a Dios. La Tor´a es demasiado dif dif´´ıcil para el hombre. La unica u ´nica cosa que el hombre puede hacer es creer en Cristo y esperar ser salvado. El Jud´ıo ıo responde resp onde que el mismo hecho de d e que Dios nos n os entregara entrega ra mandamienmandami entos y que nos dijera que los obedeci´eramos eramos nos instruye que, en efecto, podemos servir a Dios y cumplir con Su voluntad. Es impensable que Dios entregara a Su pueblo una Tor´ a si ´esta esta fuese imposible de guardarla. A pesar de que todos los disc´ıpulos ıpulos de Jes´us us fueron fue ron jud jud´´ıos, no pudieron p udieron convencer a sus contempor´aneos aneos sobre sus ense˜nanzas. nanzas. Los primeros dogmas del Cristianismo se presentaban m´as as cercanos al mundo gentil pagano que al Juda´ıs ısmo mo.. M´as as y m´ as, el Cristianismo fue rechazado por los Jud´ıos as, ıos y aceptado por p or los gentiles. Se transform´o hasta constituirse en una iglesia gentil, y su actitud hacia los Jud´ıos ıos se volvi´o m´ a s y m´ as as hostil. Busc´o constantemente convertir a as los Jud J ud´´ıos, a veces recurriendo incluso a la crueldad y a la fuerza, pero p ero el Jud Jud´´ıo se mantuvo firme. El Cristianismo puede haber cambiado la historia humana, pero nunc nuncaa pudo ganars ganarsee el apoyo de los Jud Jud´´ıos. El Jud Jud´´ıo se sostu sostuvo vo con su Tor´ a y camin´o por el camino que ella dictaba. En resumen, hubo dos ense˜nanzas nanzas cristia cristianas nas que q ue el e l Jud Ju d´ıo jam´ ja m´as as po pod d´ıa acep acep-tar. El Crist Cristianis ianismo mo ense˜ no´ que Dios hab´ıa n´ ıa asumido forma humana en Jes´ Jesus, u´s, y que la Tor´a ya no n o ten´ıa ıa valor valor.. El E l Jud´ıo ıo recha rechaz´ z´o estos dogmas, aun a costa de su vida. Al rechazar al Cristianismo, el Juda Juda´´ısmo no perdi´o de manera alguna algo que nece necesitara sitara espiritualmen espiritualmente. te. No hab hab´´ıa nada en (todas (todas)) las ense˜ nanzas de nanzas Jes´ us que hubiera a˜ us nadido una letra a la fortaleza de la Tor´a. nadido a. Si el Cristianismo Cristianismo hizo alguna contribuci´on, on, fue al mundo no-Ju no-Jud d´ıo. El Jud´ıo ıo sab´ıa ıa que su Tor´ a le prove prove´´ıa una unica u ´nica relaci´on on con Dios. Todo lo que vi´o en el Cristianismo se presentaba contradiciendo tal relaci´on. Es por esta raz´on on que, a lo largo de los siglos siglos,, el Jud Jud´´ıo ha encon encontrado trado imposible aceptar las ense˜ nanzas del Crist nanzas Cristianism ianismo. o. El ha cre cre´´ıdo con perfec perfecta ta fe que Dios le ha mostrado el camino, y no tiene intensi´on on de dejarlo en ning´ un momento. un
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Para el Jud Jud´ ´ıo, aceptar el Cristianismo involucra mucho m´ as que simplemente reconocer (como verdader conocer verdadero) o) a un falso mes mes´ ´ıas. Junto con su cre creencia encia en Jes´ us como el Mes´ıas, ıas, el Cristianismo ha altera alterado do muchos de los conceptos fundamentales del Juda´ısmo. ısmo. Aqu Aqu´ ´ı exploramos las consecuencias Hal´ ajicas respe respecto cto de un Jud´ ıo que ıo abraza el Cristianismo.
Cuando Cua ndo un Jud Jud´ ´ıo se vue vuelve lve Cristiano por Aryeh Kaplan
El anuncio lo publica, “¡Jud “¡Jud´´ıos por p or Jes´ us!”. us!”. Miras el anuncio y te preguntas qu´e est´a sucediendo. Puede que hayas escuchado o leido sobre ellos. Tu curiosidad se despierta. Decides av Decides averigua eriguarr m´ as y hablas con uno de estos extra˜nos as nos individuos. Entablas una conversaci´on. on. Te dice que es un jud jud´´ıo cristiano - uno de los “Jud “Jud´´ıos por Jes´ us”. us”. Antes que te des cuenta est´a indagando sobre como te sientes respecto a tu Judaismo. Quiz´ as admitas que encuentras espiritualmente insatisfactorio tu as Juda´´ısmo. Ambos concu Juda concuerdan erdan en que la t´ıpica sinagog sinagogaa liberal a la que frecuentabas representa cualquier cosa menos una experiencia religiosa.
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Cuando un Jud Jud´ ´ıo se vuelve Cristiano
Pero podr p odr´´ıas preguntar, “Bueno, ¿por qu´e es tan terrible? En el peor de los casos estar´e creyendo en un Mes Mes´´ıas falso. ¿Qu´e tengo que perde perder?”. r?”. La verdad es que tienes mucho que perder. Empecemos por examinar las creencias b´asicas asicas del Cristianismo. A la par del credo b´asico asico de que Jes´us us es el Mes´ıas, ıas, las l as doctrinas do ctrinas fundame fundamenntales del Cristianismo son: La Trinidad : De acuerd acuerdoo a la may mayor or´´ıa de crist cristianos, ianos, Dios consis consiste te en tres personas, el Padre, el Hijo y el Esp´ıritu ıritu Santo. La Encarnaci´ on : Los cristianos creen que el Hijo, (seg´un un ellos) la segunda parte de la divinidad, vino a la tierra en forma humana en la persona de Jes´us. us. Mediaci´ on : De acuerdo a su credo, ning´un un hombre puede acercarse a Dios directamente.. Todos deben pasar a trav´ directamente es de Jes´us, es us, el Hijo. Examinemos cuidadosamente estas creencias. Un fundamento b´asico asico para la mayor´ mayor´ıa de las sectas cristianas es creer en la Trinidad. El Cristianismo ense˜na na que Dios consiste en tres personas, el Padre, el Hijo y el Esp Esp´´ıritu Santo. El Padre es aquel que cre´o el mundo, el Hijo es quien redime al hombre y el Esp Esp´´ıritu Santo es el miembro de la divinidad que les habla 1 a los profetas. Jes´ us mismo se refiri´o a la doctrina de la Trinidad. El Evangelio de Mateo us cuenta que sus ultimas u ´ ltimas palabras (dirigidas a sus disc disc´´ıpulos) fueron “V “Vayan ayan por tanto y ense˜nen nen a todas las naciones, bautiz´andolas andolas en el nombre del Padre, y 2 del Hijo, y del d el Esp E sp´´ıritu Santo” . Esta creencia en un dios tripartito es doctrina b´ asica del Cristianismo. asica
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Cuando un Jud Jud´ ´ıo se vuelve Cristiano
Por idolatr´ıa ıa no s´olo olo a de entenderse la veneraci´on o n a un dios de piedra o madera. Para un jud jud´´ıo es idolatr´ıa ıa aun si el e l sujeto s ujeto de adoraci´ ad oraci´on on es el m´as as elev elevado ado de los ´angeles. angeles.4 Dios es el Infinito, Creador de todas las cosas. Quienquiera que venere a algo o alguien diferente a El, comete idolatr idolatr´´ıa. 5 El dios tripartito del Cristianismo no es el Dios del Juda´ısmo. ısmo. Por tanto, desde la perspectiva jud´ jud´ıa, el Cristianismo bien puede ser considerado una variaci´ on on de la ido idolat latrr´ıa. A pesar de que el Cristianismo emergi´o entre los lo s jud jud´´ıos, fue r´apidamente apidamente adoptado por los paganos pagano s del mundo antiguo. Tales paganos cre cre´´ıan en todo un pante´on on de dioses. Fue demasiado para ellos deshacerse de todos esos dioses ´ en favor del Unico Verdadero Dios. As As´´ı que los primeros misioneros cristianos tranzaron con con estos paganos introduciendo la Trinidad, una suerte de dios tresen-uno. De hecho muchos eruditos cristianos de hoy en d´ıa ven la Trinidad como el resultado de influencia pagana sobre el Cristianismo. Esto podr´ıa ıa representar un progreso para el pagano; pero, para el jud jud´´ıo, es una regresi´on on - representa un retroceso hacia la idolatr idolatr´´ıa. Esto par parecer´ ecer´ıa contr contrade adecir cir el esp´ıritu ıri tu jud´ıo ıo de jam´as as ataca atacarr otras religiones; religiones; pero, cuando los misioneros est´an an esparciend esp arciendoo mentiras acerca del d el Juda Jud a´ısmo, es tiempo de desenmascarar tales falsedades. De hecho, varios l´ l´ıderes cristianos de hoy en d´ıa han denunciado a aquellos misioneros que atacan a los jud jud´´ıos. Examinemos ahora un segundo fundamento b´asico asico del Cristianismo, aquel de la Encarnaci´on. on. De acuerdo con esta doctrina, Dios en la persona del Hijo tom´ o forma humana en la persona de Jes´us. us. No hay mejor expresi´on o n de lo ´ultimo ultimo que el Credo Niceno, recitado cada
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Cuando un Jud Jud´ ´ıo se vuelve Cristiano
“Porque el Padre a nadie juzga, mas todo el juicio di´o al Hijo; para que todos honren al Hijo como honran al Padre”.8 “Yo y el Padre somos uno”. 9 “El que me ha visto, ha visto al Padre”. 10 De estas acotaciones parece obvio que Jes´us us mismo afirmaba ser Dios. Los misioneros misione ros y los “Jud “ Jud´´ıos por p or Jes´ J es´us” us” no te hablan sobre esto. Esperan hasta que hayas caido en sus redes. Pero esta es una de las creencias fundamentales del Cristianismo. Si creer en la Trinidad es idolatr idolatr´´ıa, entonces, desde la perspectiva jud jud´´ıa, el concepto de la Encarnaci´on on es quiz´as a s aun m´ as objetable. Los dioses paganos as descendieron en forma humana, copularon con mortales y engendraron hijos humanos. Es entendible entonces que muchos historiadores cristianos atribuyan el concepto de Encarnaci´on on a los primeros cristianos quienes intentaban ganarse a los paganos para su nueva religi´on on (por ello adoptaron este concepto pagano). Pero, ¿qu´e dice la Biblia acerca de la unidad de Dios? Dice: ´ es el Dios, “Sa bre´ıs “Sabre´ ıs este d´ıa, y lo gua guarda rdare´ re´ıs ıs en tu cor coraz´ az´on, on, que El Eterno, El arriba en el cielo y abajo en la tierra, y no hay ning´un un otro” (Deut. otro” (Deut. 4:39) “¿Acaso no lleno cielos y tierra?, dice Dios” (Jer. 25:24) “La tierra entera est´a repleta de su gloria” (Isa. gloria” (Isa. 6:3) “Grande es Dios, muy alabado, Su grandeza es insondable” (Sal. insondable” (Sal. 145:3) Dios es el Infinito, el Todo Poderoso Creador de todas las cosas. Decir que
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Cuando un Jud Jud´ ´ıo se vuelve Cristiano
Esta doctri doctrina na crist cristiana iana va en cont contra ra de la mism mism´´ısima apertura de los Diez Mandamientos. Los Diez Mandamientos comienzan con las palabras, “Yo soy el Eterno, tu Dios, que te sac´o de la tierra de Egipto, de la casa de servidumbre. No tendr´as otros dioses delante dioses delante de Mi ”. Mi ”. Cuando Dios dice “delante “delante de Mi ”, Mi ”, est´a subrayando que tu no debes creer en otra deidad, ni siquiera suponiendo que tambi´ en crees en El. Aquel que pone un en mediador entre Dios y el hombre es culpable por transgredir este mandamiento.13 Para un hombre que cree en Dios, ¿qu´e necesidad hay de otra deidad? Pero una persona podr´ıa ıa pensar que Dios est´ a tan en lo alto que es inalcanzable sin un mediador. La apertura de los Diez Mandamientos nos ense˜na que tambi´en esto es ido idolat latrr´ıa. Dios es infinito y omnisciente. Decir que El necesita un mediador para escuchar nuestras oraciones es negar Su infinita sabidur sabidur´´ıa. Si Jes´ us realmente hizo las declaraciones grabadas en los Evangelios, enus tonces se estaba avocando idolatr´ıa, ıa, con ´el el mismo como deidad. Luego, ¿es de sorprenderse porque los Jud Jud´´ıos jam´ as lo aceptaron ni como profeta, rabino o as maestro? El Jud Judaa´ısmo es unico u ´ nico entre las religiones del mundo. Casi sin excepci´on, las religiones arrancan con un solo individuo, ya sea Jes´ us, o Buda, o Mahoma, us, o Confu Confucio, cio, o Lao-tz Lao-tze. e. Este individuo gradua gradualmen lmente te reune un s´equito, equito, ya sea a tra trav´ v´es es de “milag “milagros” ros” o por su notabl notablee carizm carizma. a. Per Pero, o, desde su comie comienzo, nzo, el fundamento entero yace en un unico u ´ nico individuo.
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Cuando un Jud Jud´ ´ıo se vuelve Cristiano
cual te habl´o, o, diciendo: ‘Vayamos tras los dioses de los otros que no conocisteis y los adoraremos!’, no obedezc´ais ais las palabras de ese profeta o de ese so˜nador nador de sue˜ nos, pues el Eterno, vuestro Dios, os est´a probando para ver si am´ais nos, ais al Eterno, tu Dios, con todo vuestro coraz´on on y con toda vuestra alma” (Deut. 13:2) Dios mismo nos advirti´o acerca de movimientos como el Cristianismo. Aun si todos los milagros en los Evangelios fueran reales, no habremos de prestarles atenci´ on alguna. Dios ya nos ha advertido. on Esto nos n os trae tra e de vuelta a nuestra nuestr a pregunta pre gunta original. ori ginal. ¿Qu´e pierde pier de un jud´ıo ıo al abrazar el Cristianismo? La respuesta es: Todo. El Crist Cristianism ianismoo niega los fundam fundament entos os de la fe Jud Jud´´ıa y, quien lo acept acepta, a, 14 rechaza la mism´ısima ısima esencia del Juda´ısmo. ısmo. Aun si siguiera guardando todos los ritua rituales, les, es como si hubi hubiera era abando abandonado nado compl completame etamente nte el Juda Juda´´ısmo. El Talmud nos ense˜ na: “Quienquier na: “Qui enquier ta la idolatr´ id olatr´ıa, ıa, niega toda to da la Tor´a”. a”.15
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Cuando un Jud Jud´ ´ıo se vuelve Cristiano
Fue esta la espad espadaa que usaron cuando entraron en Jerusa Jerusal´ l´en en en 1215. Su primer acto fue acorralar a todos los jud jud´´ıos en la sinagoga sinago ga principal para entonces quemarlos vivos. Fue esta la espada usada por la Inquisici´on on Espa˜ nola cuando torturaban a nola muerte a los jud jud´´ıos en el nombre del “Amor Cristiano”. Recuerda esto cuando los “Jud “Jud´´ıos‘por Jes´us” us” hablen de paz y amor. Estos “Jud´ıos ıos por Jes´us” us” po podr dr´´ıan despe despertar rtar tu curios curiosidad. idad. Pero tambi´ ta mbi´en en te deber´ıan ıan provoca provocarr l´astima. astima. Porque est´an an viviendo una paradoja. En t´erminos erminos reales, “jud´ıo ıo por Jes´us” us” es una contradicci´on. on. *** Pero, ¿qu´e con aquel jud´ıo ıo que ha abraza abrazado do el Cristia Cristianismo? nismo? ¿Qu´e hay de aquel que ya ha aceptado a Jes´us us como su “salvador”? ¿Est´a eternamente cortado para el Juda Juda´´ısmo, perdido sin esperanza esp eranza de re-
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Cuando un Jud Jud´ ´ıo se vuelve Cristiano
*** Si encuentras tu vida espiritualmente vac´ vac´ıa, carente de experiencia religiosa, entonces necesitas m´as as que q ue nunca nu nca Jud Judaa´ısmo de Tor´a. a. Podr´ıas ıas estar decep decepcionado cionado por los sustitutos pseudo-intelectuales que ofrecen ciertos rabinos “liberales”. Puede que jam´as as hay hayas as estad estadoo expue expuesto sto a las ideas profundas del Juda Juda´´ısmo. Pero est´a all´ı y es inspir inspiraci´ aci´on on para millon millones es de jud jud´´ıos. Puedo disfrutar di sfrutar de un u n hermoso hermos o atardecer y tratar tr atar de describ descr ib´´ırtelo. Pero hasta hast a que abras tus ojos y lo veas por ti mismo, mis palabras son vanas. Tu tienes que verlo para apreciarlo. Puedo describirte la m´as as deliciosa fruta. Pero deber´as as probarla para apreciarla. Lo mismo ocurre con el Juda Juda´´ısmo. La Bibli Bibliaa nos dice: “Prueb “Pruebaa y mira, que Dios es bueno, feliz es el hombre que Lo abraza” (Sal. abraza” (Sal. 34:9). 34:9).
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Uno de los deberes deberes supr supremos emos que tiene un jud jud´ ´ıo co consist nsistee en traer el mund mundo o de vuelta a Dios, y tr vuelta transfo ansformar rmar la tierr tierra a en un lugar de pa paz, z, just justicia icia y armon armon´ ´ıa. Cuando Jes´ us fracas´ o en ejecutar esto, los primeros cristianos tuvieron que alterar radicalmente radic almente el mism mism´ ´ısimo conc concepto epto de “Mes “Mes´ ´ıas”. Esto a su vez trans transform´ form´ o al Cristianismo de una secta mesi´ anica (al interior del Juda Juda´ ´ısmo) en una religi´ on que es muy ajena a muchas de las ense n ˜anzas jud´ıas ıas esencial esenciales. es.
La transici´ on de on “Mes “M es´ ´ıa ıas” s” a “C “Cri rist sto” o” por Aryeh Kaplan
C
la venida del Mes Mes´´ıas ha sido siempre una parte fundamental del
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La transici´ on de “Mes on “Mes´ ´ıas” a “Crist “Cristo” o”
El Profeta (Isa. (Isa. 11:4 ) av avanza anza para decir que el Mes Mes´´ıas “derrotar´a la tir tiran´ an´ıa ıa con la vara de su boca, y al malvado con el aliento salido de sus labios”. La maldad y la tiran´ıa ıa no pod podr´ r´ an per an perman manecer ecer de pi´e delant d elantee del de l Mes Me s´ıas ıas.. Sin emb embargo, argo, el Mes Mes´´ıas es princ principalme ipalmente nte un rey de paz. Nuest Nuestros ros Sabios por tanto nos ense˜ nan (Derej nan (Derej Eretz Zuta 1 ): “Cuando el Mes Mes´´ıas sea revelado a Israel, abrir´a su boca s´olo olo para la paz. Est´a entonces escrito (Isa. 52:7), 52:7), ‘Cu´ an an hermosos hermo sos sobre las mont monta˜ a˜ nas son los pies del mensajero que anuncia paz’ ”. nas La primer primeraa tarea del Mes Mes´´ıas es redimi redimirr a Israel del exilio y servi servitud. tud. Al hacerlo hace rlo,, tambi´ tamb i´en en redim re dimir´ ir´a al mundo entero de la maldad. Opresi´on, on, sufrimiento y guerra ser´an an abolidas. La humanidad ser´a entonces perfeccionada, y los pecados del homb hombre re cont contra ra Dios, as as´´ı como las trans transgresio gresiones nes del homb hombre re en cont contra ra de sus cong cong´´eneres, ener es, ser´an an eliminados. Todas las formas de guerra y conflicto entre naciones desaparecer´an an en la era Mesi´anica. anica. M´as as aun aun,, el Mes´ıas ıas Jud´ıo ıo atra atraer´ er´a a todos los pueblos a Dios. Esto est´a expresado con m´axima axima claridad en el rezo Alenu , que concluye cada uno de los
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La transici´ on de “Mes on “Mes´ ´ıas” a “Crist “Cristo” o”
que Dios redima al mundo, deber´ a redimir a Su oprimido, sufrido, exiliado y perseguido persegu ido pueblo pueblo,, haci haci´´endolos endolos volv volver er a su propia tierr tierraa y rest restaur´ aur´ andoles su andoles estado. La promesa final, sin embargo, no est´a limitada s´olo olo a Israel. La redenci´on on del puebl pue bloo jud´ ju d´ıo ıo est´ e st´a fuertemente vinculada a la emancipaci´on on de toda la humanidad ´ la destrucci´ de la maldad y la tiran tiran´´ıa. Es la prime etapa en
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La transici´ on de “Mes on “Mes´ ´ıas” a “Crist “Cristo” o”
tanto que su misi´on on no era redimir al hombre de su opresi´on on pol´ıtic ıtica, a, sino solamente de su maldad espiritual. 2. Una vez que la misi´on on del Mes Mes´´ıas fue redefinid redefinida, a, tambi´en en po pod d´ıa ser expandida. La opresi´on on pol p ol´´ıtica era un problem p roblemaa especia es peciall de los Jud´ıos, ıos, pero la maldad espiritual ten´ ten´ıa alcances mundiales. Los primeros cristianos em-
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La transici´ on de “Mes on “Mes´ ´ıas” a “Crist “Cristo” o”
4. Pero la pregu pregunta nta de por qu´ e la carre carrera ra del Rede Redentor ntor termin´ o con tan vergonzosa muerte, permanec permanec´´ıa. La historia necesitaba una continuaci´ on. on. Tal ep´ılogo ılo go hal hall´ l´o asidero en otra creencia jud jud´´ıa tradicional: la Resurecci´on on de los Muertos. Los primeros cristianos ense˜naron naron entonces que Jes´ us se us hab´´ıa levan hab levantado tado de los muertos y, por p or tanto, que era el primero en as as´´ı hacerlo. hacer lo. Por tanto tanto Jes´ us no es mortal como los otros hombres. us
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La transici´ on de “Mes on “Mes´ ´ıas” a “Crist “Cristo” o”
7. Sin embarg emb argoo todav´ıa hab´ıa ıa profec´ pro fec´ıas ıas mesi mesi´ a´nicas que Jes´ anicas us no hab´ıa us ıa cumpl c umpliido. Los primeros cristianos ense˜naron naron por tanto que regresar´a al mundo nuevamente, la “segunda venida”. Ocurrir´a entonces el D´ıa del Juicio y Jes´ us, habiendo tomado su lugar a la “derecha de su Padre”, juzgar´a a us, todo homb hombre re que hay hayaa pasado por la tier tierra. ra. Aquel Aquellos los que crey creyeron eron en ´el el ser´an an justificados, y los que no ser´an an eternamente condenados al infierno.
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La transici´ on de “Mes on “Mes´ ´ıas” a “Crist “Cristo” o”
Ante todo, to do, el jud jud´´ıo no encontr´ e ncontr´o evidencia alguna que respaldara la afirmaci´on on de Jes´ us (de que era el Mes us Mes´´ıas). Por otro lado, la caren carencia cia de ´exito exito de Jes´us us jugaba en su contra. Sin embargo y aun m´as as importante era el hecho que los cristianos hab´ıan ıan desarr des arrolla ollado do su cre creenc encia ia en Jes´ us de man us manera era tal que alt altera eraron ron rad radica icalme lment ntee muchas de las creencia creenciass jud ju d´ m´as as importantes. Incluso un concepto tan b´asico asico
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El ver verdade dadero ro Mes Mes´ ´ıas
Entonces, escribe Maim´onides, onides, “Si all all´´ı se levan levanta ta un gobernante de la Casa de David, quien est´a inmerso en Tor´a y Mitzvot Mitzvot como como David su ancestro, siguiendo tanto tanto la Ley Escri Escrita ta como la Ley Oral, quien gu´ gu´ıa a Israel de vuelt vueltaa a la Tor´ a, fortaleciendo sus leyes y peleando las batallas de Dios, entonces podr´ıamos a, ıamos asumi as umirr que q ue ´el es el Mes´ıa ıas. s. Si ´el el es ad adem em´´as as exitoso en reconstruir el Templo sobre su sitio original y hace regresar a los dispersados de Israel, entonces su identidad como el Mes Me s´ıas es una u na certeza” certeza”.. 93 Es muy importante notar que estos logros son un m´ınimo ınimo para nuestro reconocimiento de un individuo como el Mes Mes´´ıas. Ha habido varias personas que han reclamado el t´ıtulo de Mes Mes´´ıas, pero el hecho de que no alcanzaran estos objetivos m´ınimos prueba que tales afirmaciones fueron falsas. Por supuesto, nada de esto excluye un advenimient advenimientoo milagroso del Mes Mes´´ıas o cualquier otro escenario. Es un fundamento de nuestra fe que la Era Mesi´anica puede empezar milagrosamente cualquier d´ıa.94 Cuando Rab Rab´´ı Yehoshua ben Lev´ı le preg pregunt´ unt´o a El´ıas ıas sob sobre re cua cuando ndo vendr´ıa el Mes´ıas, ıas , resp r espond ondi´ i´o con la frase, 95 “Hoy - si atendieras a Su voz” (Sal. voz” (Sal. 95:17). 95:17). Como genio y Tzadik, el Mes Mes´´ıas detectar´ a el fraude y la hipocrec hipocrec´´ıa de este mundo. Ent mundo. Entonces onces el profe profeta ta predij predijo, o, “El sen sentir´ tir´ a el temor de Dios, y no juzgar´a por lo que ven sus ojos, ni decidir´a por lo que escuchen sus oidos” Isa. 11:3 .96 En tanto que los poderes poderes del del Mes Mes´´ıas se desarro desarrollan, llan, as as´´ı se incrementar incrementar´´a su fama. El mundo empezar´a a recon reconocer ocer su profu profunda nda sabidu sabidurr´ıa y busca buscar´ r´ a n su an consejo. Como un Tzadik, ense˜ nara a la humanidad entera como vivir en paz y nara seguir las ense˜ nanzas de Dios. Entonces el profeta predijo, (Isa. 2:2-4): nanzas Y suced suceder´ er´ a al a l final fi nal de los d´ıas que la monta˜ na de la casa de Dios na se empinar´a sobre las otras monta˜ nas nas y se elevar´a muy por encima de las colinas y todas las naciones vendr´an an corriendo a ella. Y mucha gente vendr´a y dir´a: a: Vengan, vamos a la monta˜na na de Dios a la casa del Dios de Jacob Y ´el el (el Mes´ıas) ıas ) nos ense ense˜˜nar´ nar´a Sus caminos y caminaremos en Sus caminos. Porque de Zi´on on fluir´ a la Tor´a y la palabra de Dios de Jerusal´en. en. Y ´el el (el Mes´ıa ıas) s) ju juzg zgar ar´´a entre las naciones y decid decidir´ ir´ a entre pueblos. Y entonces transformar´an an sus espadas en herramientas de arado 93
Yad, Melajim 11:4 Eruvin 43a 43a (fin) 95 Sane Sa nedr´ dr´ın 98a 96 Cf. Radak Cf. Radak ad loc., Sanedr Sanedr´ ´ın ın 93b, 93b, Yad Yad Melajim 11:3. Melajim 11:3. 94
58
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El ver verdade dadero ro Mes Mes´ ´ıas
y sus lanzas en oces; Naci´ on no levantar´a espada contra naci´on on on ni practicar´an an m´ as la guerra.97 as Si bien el Mes Mes´´ıas influenciar´ a y ense˜ nara a toda la humanidad, su misi´on nara on principal ser´a traer a los jud jud´´ıos de vuelt vueltaa a Dios. Entonces, Entonces, el profe profeta ta dijo, “Porque los hijos de Israel se sentar´an an mucho muchoss d´ıas sin rey o pr´ıncipe ınc ipe... ... Desp Despu´ u´es es volver´an an los hijos de Israel y buscar´an an al Se˜ nor su Dios y David su rey ... al final nor de lo loss d´ıa ıas” s” (J (Jos´ os´ıas ıas 3:5 3:5)). De manera similar, “Y Mi siervo David ser´a rey sobre ellos, y todos ellos tendr´an an un pastor, y caminar´an an tambi´en en en Mis ordena ordenanzas nzas y observar´an an Mis leyes” (Ezequiel leyes” (Ezequiel 37:24). 37:24). En tanto que la sociedad se mueve hacia la perfecci´on on y el mundo se acerca m´ as a su Creador, los hombres empezar´an as an a explorar m´as as y m´ as lo trascendental. as Como dijo el profeta, “Porque toda la tierra ser´a llena del conocimiento de Dios, como las aguas cubren el mar” (Isa. mar” (Isa. 11:9). 11:9). M´ as y m´ as as gente alcanzar´a la uni´ as on on m´ıstica de la profec´ıa, ıa, como fue predicho, “Y suceder suceder´´a despu´es es de ello, que Yo derramar´e de Mi espir espir´´ıtu sobre so bre toda carne, y tus hijos e hijas profetizar´an...” an...” 98 (Joel 3:1). 3:1). A pesar de que el hombre seguir´a teniendo tenien do libre li bre albedr´ al bedr´ıo ıo en la Era Mesi´anica, anica, tendr´ a toda motivaci´on on para hacer lo bueno y seguir las ense˜nanzas nanzas de Dios. Ser´ a como si el poder del mal fuera totalmente aniquilado. 99 Y en tanto que el hombre se eleva a este nivel, tambi´ en se volver´ en a digno de una providencia divina no limitada por las leyes de la naturaleza. Lo que hoy se manifiesta como milagroso, ultimadamente se volver´a parte de la naturaleza de las cosas. 100 Esto, unido a los reci reci´´en en ganada ganadass capaci capacidades dades del homb hombre re para extraer lo mejor que tiene la naturaleza para ofrecer, guiar´a al hombre a su destino final, que es el Mundo por Venir.101 Vivir en los albores de la Edad Mesi´anica anica (como nos ha tocado a nosotros) deber´ıa ser una experie deber´ experiencia ncia de lo m´ as excitante para todo jud as jud´´ıo. Otras generaciones han esperado la inminente aparici´on on del Mes Mes´´ıas sobre la base de una interpretaci´ on forzad on forzadaa de una o dos profec profec´´ıas, mientras que nosot nosotros ros estam estamos os vivenciando un rango entero de tradiciones Mesi´anicas, anicas, a menudo sucedi´endose endose con inexplicable literalidad. Si mantiene abiertos sus ojos, ver´a casi cada titular como una aviso de que estamos un paso m´as as cerca de la meta. Pero, como tambi´ en fue predicho, es un tiempo de grandes retos. Vivimos en en un tiempo de tretas y ten tentacio taciones nes a la espera por los desprevenido desprevenidos, s, alej´andolos andolos de la Verdad erdad.. Como un gran Reb´e dijo, “Es muy f´acil acil ser jud jud´´ıo, lo dif dif´´ıcil es desear s desear ser er un verdader verdaderoo jud j ud´´ıo”. 97
Yad, Tes Teshuv´ huv´ a 9:2 9:2 Radak, Metzudos ad loc., BaMidbar Rabb´ a 15:19 15:19 (fin); Rab Rab´ ´ı Moshe Jaim Lutzatto, L utzatto, Likutey Likutey Yedios HaEmes, Maamar HaIkkarim (Nueva (Nueva York, 5706) p.230. 99 Succ´ a 52a, Zohar 52a, Zohar 1:109a, 1:109a, 128b, 137a, 2:41a, 136a, 3:54a 100 Sh’nei Lujos HaBris, Bais David , 1:32a; Yeshuos 1:32a; Yeshuos Meshijo Meshijo 3:7 (p.56b) 101 Avodas HaKodesh 2:38, Netzaj 2:38, Netzaj Yisroel 50 98
59
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El ver verdade dadero ro Mes Mes´ ´ıas
Pero imagine un tiempo en que el Mes Mes´´ıas ya ha veni venido. do. La ver verdad dad ha sido revelada. El mundo entero e ntero reconoce reco noce lo que realmente rea lmente es el e l Juda´ısmo, ısmo, y la l a Tor´a es reconocida como la verdadera ense˜nanza nanza de Dios para el mundo. Aquellos que han seguido el camino de Dios son ahora los maestros y l´ıderes ıderes de una generaci´on on que desesperada intent intentaa rehacer vidas desperdiciadas en vanidad y tonter tonter´´ıa. Hay dos grupos. Aquellos que han vivido bajo la verdad de la Tor´a y aquellos quee no, qu n o, ´estos es tos ultimos u ´ ltimos tratando desesperadamente de pertenecer al primer grupo. ¿A qu´e grup grupoo perten pertenecer´ ecer´a usted?
60
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La atrac atracci´ ci´ on misio misioner nera a tiene m´ as dimensiones dimensiones que s´ olo teolog teolog´ ´ıa. Los j´ ovenes, en particul particular, ar, son suscep susceptibles tibles ante los movimientos proselitistas que pos pos´ ´ een una een buena organizaci´ on, y que usan figuras carism´ aticas para deslumbrarlos hasta que entren en su reba n ˜o. Esta historia, como le fue contada a Rab Rab´ ´ı Aryeh Kaplan, es un ejemplo t´ıpico ıpico de la manera e n que los misioneros efectivamente trabajan, y como su influencia puede ser contrarestada.
Mi camino de regreso: la historia de una chica D´ejenme ejenme empezar diciendo que cuando ni˜ na siempre fu na fu´´ı desmotivada de smotivada por el Juda Juda´´ısmo. No ven ven´´ıa de una familia religiosa, y todo lo que aprend aprend´´ı en la Escuela Escue la Hebrea poco ten ten´´ıa que ver con el mun mundo do real. En gener general, al, me daba la impresi´ on de que mis padres segu´ıan on ıan la corriente, y que nadie estaba realmente interesado en el Juda Juda´´ısmo. Ni siquiera mis profesores de Hebreo parec parec´´ıan estar convencidos de lo que ense˜naban. naban. La mayor mayor´´ıa de las chicas jud jud´´ıas de mi escuela sal sal´´ıan con muchac muchachos hos no jud´´ıos, y yo no era la excepci´ jud on. Estos muchac on. muchachos hos se ve ve´´ıan m´ as simp´ as aticos aticos y, adicionalmente, la mayor mayor´´ıa de los chicos jud jud´´ıos estaban m´ as que ocupados as cortejando chicas gentiles. Yo no era diferente de la mayor´ mayor´ıa de mis amigas y, para mis 16 a˜ nos, ya hab nos, hab´´ıa experimentado exp erimentado todo - y quiero decir todo. Aun cuando mis padres no eran religiosos, intentaban que aceptase el Juda´´ısmo. Se enojaban mucho cuando sal da sal´´ıa con muchac muchachos hos gentiles, pero p ero no eran realmente capaces de proveer una buena raz´on on para no hacerlo. Todo lo que pod´´ıan hacer era presio pod presionarme narme.. No les gusta gustaba ba la forma en que me vest vest´´ıa, y estallaban cuando pasaba la noche fuera de casa. Ento nces,, un d´ıa, suced Entonces s ucedi´ i´o algo que cambi´o mi vida. Cono Conocc´ı a un u n chico llamad llamadoo Greg. Tan pronto como c omo lo l o conoc´ c onoc´ı, ı, me di cuenta que q ue era e ra diferente. d iferente. La mayor m ayor´´ıa de los muchachos pensaban en una s´ ola cosa, pero no Greg. Me trat´ ola o como persona y entendi´o mis problemas. No pas´o mucho hasta entender por qu´e era diferente. Me dijo que era Cristiano - que hab hab´´ıa descubierto a Cristo. Yo pensaba que Greg era el muchacho m´as as fascinante que hab hab´´ıa conocido hasta ese momento. Hablamos sobre religi´on on y, por primera vez en mi vida, ten´´ıa sentido. Me habl´o sobre Dios y sobre el pecado, y sobre como uno pod ten pod´´ıa acercarse a Dios al creer en Cristo. Me habl´o de religi´on on de una manera muy distinta a como lo hab´ıan ıan hecho mi rabino y maestros. Esta era la primera vez que yo hab ha b´ıa oido o ido hablar as as´´ı a alguie alguien, n, y me emoci emocion´ on´o. o. 61
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Mi camino de regreso La historia de una chica
Pas´e muchas noches hablando largamente con Greg. Parec Parec´´ıa como si todo un mundo entero se estuviera abriendo delante de mi. Yo quer´ıa ıa saber m´ as y as Greg me present´o a los “Jud´ıos ıos por p or Jes´us”. us”. Fue mi mayor traves traves´´ıa. Pronto estuve ocupada asistiendo a reuniones y engullendo literatura. Me enviaron a un campamento para que aprendiera c´omo omo organizar y convencer a otros jud´ıos. ıos. Cuando fui a la universidad, el a˜ no siguiente, me convert no convert´´ı en uno de los organizadores de “Jud “Jud´´ıos por Jes´us” us” en mi campus. En nuestro entorno ten´´ıamos una docen ten docenaa de miembros, miembros , pero unos u nos cuarenta cuar enta chicos frecuentaban frecue ntaban nuestras reuniones. Entonces, un d´ıa, ıa, una u na organ organizaci´ izaci´on on jud ju d´ıa del campus estableci estableci´ o´ un program programaa dirigido en contra de nosotros. Nos enteramos que estaba planeado que dos rabinos hablaran contra nosotros. Varios de nuestros mejores hombres vinieron y nos entrenaron sobre c´omo omo responder a estos rabinos. Nos enumeraron los puntos que problamente ellos plantear plantear´´ıan y nos ense˜ naron como responderles. naron Sab´´ıa todos los versos b´ıblicos en mi coraz´on, Sab on, y estaba al tanto de las “falsas” explicaciones que estos rabinos seguramente dar´ıan. ıan. Nunca olvida olvidar´ r´e el d´ıa del progra programa. ma. Los otros Cristia Cristianos nos Jud Jud´´ıos y yo misma m isma nos sentamos en la fila de delante, listos a dar “batalla por Cristo”. Una de las cosas que me sorprendi´o de los rabinos era su juventud y buena apariencia. Eran tambi´ en muy brillantes. Durante el per en per´´ıodo de preguntas y respuestas, los vi demoliendo todos nuestros bien-preparados argumentos. Todo lo suave lo suave de de las respuestas que hab hab´´ıamos aprendido no parec parec´´ıan seguir siendo suaves . Uno de los rabinos realmente “noque´o” o” a uno de mis amigos (otro “Jud´ıo ıo por Jes´ us”). El rabino lo llev´o a una discusi´ us”). on acerca de la salvaci´on, on o n, y mi amigo replic´o que nadie puede ser salvado a menos que crea en Cristo. El rab rab´´ı pregunto si esto quer quer´´ıa decir que quienquiera que no cre cre´´ıa en Cristo ir ir´´ıa al infierno. Cuando mi amigo respondi´o afirmati afirmativamente, vamente, el e l rab´ı pregunt´o, o, “¿eso me incluye a mi?”. Mi amigo estaba preparado para esta respuesta y firmemente respondi´o, o, “S “ S´ı, a usted u sted tambi´en”. Pero el rab´ı no esta estaba ba vencid ve ncido. o. Ases Asest´ t´o el golpe final: “¿Y qu´e hay de los seis millones de jud jud´´ıos que murieron en los campos de concentraci´ on de los Nazis? ¿Ellos est´an on an en el cielo o en el infierno?”. Mi amigo estaba a la defensiva. Murmur´o algo acerca de aceptar a Cristo en el ultimo u ´ ltimo momento, pero yo puedo decir que estaba en shock. Para ser sinceros yo tambi´ t ambi´en en lo esta estaba. ba. El otro rabino era mucho m´as as agrada agradable. ble. Ten en´´ıa una sonris sonrisaa en su voz, y cuando me habl´ o, realmente me hizo sentir que yo le importaba como persona. o, Despu´es es del progra programa, ma, fui por el rabino r abino e intent´e continuar continua r nuestra discusi discusi´´on. on. El ya no discutir´ıa. ıa. Me dijo que q ue estaba esta ba cansado cans ado de debatir estos pasa pa sajes jes b´ıblicos ıblico s y que la mayor mayor´´ıa de las “pruebas” cristianas hab´ıan ıan sido refutadas siglos atr´as. as. Dijo que si yo estaba interesada en retornar al verdadero Juda Juda´´ısmo, inverti invertirr´ıa todo el tiempo del mundo conmigo, pero que para debates improductivos no 62
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Mi camino de regreso La historia de una chica
ten´ıa tiempo. Justo antes de que me marchara, ´el ten´ el dijo algo que qued´ o grabado en mi mente para las siguientes semanas. Palabras que jam´as he olvidado. Me dijo, “¿Los tres mil a˜nos nos de historia Jud´ıa ıa no ameritan a meritan que aprendas acerca de tu propia religi´on on antes de probar otras? ¿No se lo debes a los millones que prefirieron prefirieron dar sus vidas ant antes es que acept aceptar ar el Crist Cristianism ianismo? o? ¿No mereces la oportunidad de conocer un Jud Jud´´ıo realmente comprometido?”. Aquella reuni´on on me dej´ o en estado de shock. sho ck. No pod´ıa ıa sacarme de la mente las palabra p alabrass del rabino rabino.. ¿Que le deb de b´ıa yo a nuestra nuestr a historia his toria y a nuestros mart´ıres? ıres? El dijo que me ense˜ nar´ıa. nar´ ıa. Necesita Necesitaba ba hablar hablarle le nuevamente. Intent´e averiguar averig uar sobre so bre el e l rabino ra bino pero nadie parec´ıa ıa conocerl con ocerlo. o. Finalmente, Fi nalmente, agarr´e suficiente su ficiente cora je y consult´e al muchacho que hab´ıa ıa organ organizado izado el progra progra-ma. Su nomb nombre re era Dann Danny y, y era uno de los pocos jud jud´´ıos religiosos de nue nuestra stra escuela. Danny explic´o que el rabino hab hab´´ıa estado s´ olo de visita y que viv olo viv´´ıa en una ciudad lejana lejana.. Me sent sent´´ı abatida abatida.. Ten en´´ıa que hablar a alguie alguien, n, y Danny parec´ıa ıa muy comprensivo. Empezamos a hablar y encontr´ e a Danny de hecho m´as as fascinante que Greg, pero de una manera distinta. Me cont´o que ven ven´´ıa de una familia no-religiosa como la mia, y de como hab hab´´ıa descubierto finalmente el Juda Juda´´ısmo. S´ ol o po olo pod d´ıa respetar su manera de ser religioso. Coment´o lo dif´ıcil ıcil que hab hab´´ıa sido y como hab´´ıa tenido que explicar a sus amigos de por qu´e no pod´ıa hab ıa comer con ellos o hacer cosas los viernes por la noche o los s´abados por la tarde. ta rde. Danny tambi´ ta mbi´en en hablo sobre Dios y sus palabras me parec parec´´ıan m´as as sabias y profundas que nada que hubiese escuchado escuchado de mis amigos cristianos. cristianos. Me encon encontr´ tr´ e a mi misma atrapada en el medio. Todos mis mejor mejores es amigos estaban interesados en Jes´us, us, pero pero,, al mismo tiempo tiempo,, sent sent´´ıa que quer´ıa ıa escapa escapar. r. De alguna manera manera el viaje en Jes´ us ya ya no ence encend´ nd´ıa ıa mi esp´ıritu. ıri tu. Esta Estaba ba empezan emp ezando do real r ealmente mente a sentir s entirme me jud´ıa ıa y me sent s ent´´ıa atra´ a tra´ıda ıda cada vez m´ m ´as as hacia el Juda´ısmo. ısmo. No era aquella cosa arida a´rida que hab´ıa ıa aprendido apr endido en e n la Escuela E scuela Hebrea, o la hipocrec hipo crec´´ıa de mis padres. Aquello sobre lo que Danny me estaba hablando era una clase cl ase de Juda´ısmo ısmo encendido en cendido que jam´ j am´as as ha hab´ b´ıa ıa so so˜ n nado ˜ado que exist´ıa. ıa. Recorda Recordaba ba las palabras del rabino, “¿No te debes a ti misma la posibilidad de conocer a un jud jud´´ıo realmente comprom comprometido?”. etido?”. Finalmente Finalme nte tom´e una decisi´on. on. Les comuniqu´ e a mis amigos cristianos que
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Mi camino de regreso La historia de una chica
Asi st´ı al Sha Asist´ Shabat´ bat´on on y debo admitir que jam´as as hab´ıa ıa visto algo as as´´ı. El fin de semanaa ent seman entero ero parec parec´´ıa estar lleno de cant cantoo y danza - un verd verdadero adero festival festival de vida. Sus oraciones estaban plenas de vida y significado - nada que ver con los ´aridos servicios de mi Templo. aridos Justo antes del servic servicio io de la noche de Viern Viernes es sab sab´´ıamos que un rabino deb´´ıa dictar clase. Decid´ı ir e imag´ınese deb ınese mi sorpre sorpresa sa cuando encontr´e que era el mismo rabino con quien hab´ıa ıa debatido varios meses atr´as. as. No creo que me haya reconocido y yo ten ten´´ıa demasiada verguenza como para traer a colaci´on algo de nuestro encuentro previo. Pero, de alguna manera, me hizo sentir que hab hab´´ıa vuelto a casa. La clase empez´o con una discusi´ on sobre las drogas y sobre c´omo on omo elevarse. El rabino dijo que era posible elevarse muy alto - orando a Dios. Apenas si pod´ıa ıa creerlo. Pero entonces, en el servicio de Viernes por la noche, un muchachito gui´ o los servicios. Apenas tendr tendr´´ıa unos 16 a˜ a nos, n ˜ os, cantaba tan hermoso que cada palabra parec parec´´ıa fluir directamente desde su coraz´on. on. Parec Parec´´ıa como si estuvier estuvieraa volando. vola ndo. No pas´ o mucho antes que yo misma me sintiera volando como los dem´ as. as. Debo decir que este Shabat´on on fue una de las mejores cosas que haya experiment per imentado ado.. Apre Aprend´ nd´ı mucho mucho,, sent´ı a´un un m´ as. Cuan as. Cuando do volv´ı al a l escu escuela ela,, emp e mpec´ ec´e a decir el Shem´ el Shem´ a cada cada ma˜ nana y cada nana ca da noche. no che. Incluso Inclu so empec´ emp ec´e a intentar bendicio b endiciones nes antes de comer. No pas´o muc mucho ho tiempo y me un un´´ı al club de comid comidaa kosh kosher er de la escuela, e incluso empec´e a intent intentar ar guardar el Shabat. Esto po podr dr´´ıa sonar s onar extra extra˜ n no, ˜ o, pero realmente pienso que estoy iluminada. Soy m´ as feliz que nunca antes. No se c´omo as omo plantearlo exactamente, pero siento que realmente he encontrado el verdadero camino a Dios.
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Addendum “Jews fo “Jews forr Jud Judais aism”: m”: la res respue puesta sta a una nec necesi esidad dad urgente De acuerdo a estudios recientes de Gallup y Harris, hay m´as as de 70 millones de cristianos “nacidos “nacidos de nuevo” nuevo ” en Norteam´erica. erica. Muchos de d e ellos ell os est´ e st´an an convencidos de que previo al “retorno “retorno de Jes´ us ”, ”, el pueblo jud jud´´ıo debe deb e primero prim ero convertirse converti rse al Cristianismo. Las denominaciones cristianas, como la Convenci´on on Bautista del Sur (Southern Baptist Convention) y las Asambleas de Dios entre otras, contribuyen m´as as de 300 millones de d´olares olares anualmente para financiar una agresiva campa˜ na evangelizador na evange lizadoraa enfocada enfo cada en los lo s jud ju d´ıos. Estos cristia cristianos nos evang´ e vang´elicos elicos han establecido “sinagogas “sinagogas hebreo-cristianas ” hebreo-cristianas ” para atraer a los jud jud´´ıos. Tales “sina“ sinagogas ” han crecido de 20 a casi 500 en el transcurso de los ´ultimos ultimos 30 a˜ nos. nos. Los misioneros convencen a sus v´ıctimas de que no son plenamente jud´ıos ıos hasta que aceptan a Jes´us us como el Mes Mes´´ıas y que un jud jud´´ıo retiene su identidad jud´´ıa a´ jud a un u ´n despu´ desp u´es es de convertirse co nvertirse al Cristia Cristianismo. nismo. En los ultimos u ´ ltimos 25 a˜ nos, m´ nos, as de as 275.000 jud´ıos ıos del orbe han sido convert convertidos idos por p or misioneros usando t´ acticas de acticas enga˜no no en las que el Evangelio es alabado por “ rabinos mesi´ anicos ” que visten yarmulk yarm ulkas as (gorr (gorritos itos usados por los jud jud´´ıos) y talli tallits ts (ch (chales ales de oraci´ on) en los on) servicios de “Shabat “Shabat ”” y de las “Altas “ Altas Festividades ”. ”. Contrario a lo que comunmente se piensa, no son ´unicam uni camente ente los l os jud ju d´ıos emocionalmente vulnerables quienes caen presa de los esfuerzas misioneros; el hecho es que la may mayor or´´ıa de jud jud´´ıos son blanco potenc potencial. ial. Los misio misioneros neros a menu menudo do enfocan sus actividades en campus universitarios, hospitales, programas de rehabilitaci´ on de adicciones, residencias de ancianos y centros comerciales emon plazadoss en vecindari plazado vec indarios os jud´ıos, ıos, as as´´ı como en la comunidad israeli israelita, ta, inmigrantes in migrantes
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Addendum
todo el mundo, y pueden encontrarse en casi todo lugar en que haya poblaci´on jud´´ıa. Varios grupos han fundado escuelas “ jud jud jud´ ´ıas ıas mesi´ anicas ” para ni˜ n os y nos “yeshivot ” donde ordenan “rabinos “rabinos mesi´ anicos ”. ”. En Israel, se puede contar m´as as de 100 entre congregaciones, comunidades y yeshivot “ mesi´ anicas ”. ”. Estos grupos se enfocan enfo can casi exclusiv exclusivamente amente en jud jud´´ıos ena jenados o que no tienen suficiente educaci´ on o que no tienen afiliaci´on on on alguna. En 1985 fue establecida la organizaci´on on Jews for Judaism (Ju (Jud d´ıos po porr el Juda´ısmo) ısmo) como com o respuesta resp uesta a esta amenaza a menaza creciente: c reciente: ´unica unica red que hace trabajo contra-misionero a tiempo completo en Norteam´erica erica y fuera de ella. Jews for Judaism tiene filiales en Los Angeles y Baltimore (Estados Unidos), Toronto (Canad´ a) y Johannesburgo (Sud´africa). a) africa). Nuestras filiales trabajan codo a codo con comunidades jud´ıas ıas de Israel, la ex-Uni´ on Sovi´ on S ovi´etica, etica, Australi Au straliaa y otras loca loca-ciones respondiendo a la amenaza misionera. Nuestros metas primarias son la educaci´ on preventiva y la recuperaci´on on on de aquellos jud´ıos ıos que han sido influenciados por misio misioneros. neros. me tas mediante me diante consejer´ c onsejer´ıa ıa a “ hebreos crisJews for Judaism alcanza estas metas tianos ”, ”, monitoreando la actividad misionera, ofreciendo un bureau de conferenciantes y cursos intensivos sobre como tratar con el misionerismo. Jews for Judaism es tambi´ en pionero en la divulgaci´ en on mundial de material contraon misionero, y ha creado su propia selecci´on on de literatu literatura, ra, audio au dio y video en ingl´ in gl´es, es, ruso, hebreo, espa˜ nol, portu nol, portugu´ gu´es es y franc´es. es. Adiciona Ad icionalmente lmente hemos puesto en escena sitios en internet que han ganado premios a la excelencia www.jewsforjudaism.org, www.jewishpassion.com y www.tworoadsonepath.org.
Programas y Servicios de “Jews for Judaism” Consejer´ ıa para el retorno — Desarrollamos sesiones persona-persona con ıa
individuos que est´an an envueltos en Cristianismo o en otros cultos. Los ayudamos a reevaluar sus decisiones y los ayudamos a retornar al Juda Juda´´ısmo. Consejer´ Consejer ´ıa para familias en crisis — Ayudamos a familias que tienen un
miembro atrapado en un culto o por un grupo misionero. Trabajamos con la familia afectada para mantener abiertas l´ıneas de comunicaci´ on, y para facilitar on, una reuni´ on de uno de nuestros consejeros (para el retorno) con el miembro de on la familia influenciado por el misionerismo. Bureau de conferencia conferenciantes ntes — Nuestros din´ amicos conferenciantes son renomamicos
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Addendum Libros, Literatura, Grabaciones — Proveemos recursos para libros, literatura, audio y video que tratan con el tema de cultos y misionerismo. Jews on de literatura contra-misionera en el on for Juda Judaism ism produce la mayor colecci´
mundo, y aporta para su distribuci´on on y alcance. Alcance del “heb Alcance “hebreo reo cris cristiano tiano” ” — Voluntarios y miembros de Jews Jews for an presentes en conferencias organizadas por “hebreos cristianos”; an Judaism est´
prov´een prov´ een una oportun oportunidad idad para que quien quienes es asiste asisten n escuc escuchen hen una perspect perspectiv ivaa jud´´ıa y as jud as´´ı se motiven a reevaluar su camino espiritual. Contra-panfleteo — Cuando fervorosos misioneros se hacen presentes en esquinas concurridas para entregar panfletos proselitistas, Jews Jews for Jud Judais aism m
prov´ ee una contra-presencia. Nuestros miembros y voluntarios se ubican cerca ee y de manera amigable y educada distribuyen nuestro material a quienes han recibido la literatura misionera. A menudo, converzamos con quienes pasan por el lugar y con jud jud´´ıos que exclaman, “¡Jud “ ¡Jud´´ıos por Judaismo! ¡Y ¡Yaa era tiempo!”. art´´ıculos noticiosos que Campa˜ nas en los medios — Generamos anuncios y art nas buscan aumentar la atenci´on on de la comunidad jud´ jud´ıa sobre la amenaza de cultos y grupos misioneros. misioneros. Monitoreo — Nuestras oficinas siguen las actividades de m´as as de 900 cultos y
grupos misioneros del orbe que se enfocan en la conversi´on on de ju jud´ d´ıos. ıo s. Programas rusos — Proveemos literatura, grabaciones y programas en lengua
rusa, para la poblaci´on on jud´ıa ıa rus rusa. a. Hospitalidad — Ofrecemos la oportunidad de apreciar la belleza del Shabat
y de las festividades en la acogedora atm´osfera osfera de un amigable y preocupado hoga ho garr ju jud d´ıo ıo.. Preparamos mos y Trabajo especial para Comunidades de Sordos y Ciegos — Prepara distribuimos material especial y nos coordinamos con organizaciones que atienden a estos segmentos de la comunidad jud´ıa. ıa. on de material misionero Biblioteca y Archivos — Tenemos la mayor colecci´on y contra-misionero en el mundo. Nuestros archivos son herramienta para investigadores as´ı como para comunidades e individuos que buscan informaci´ on sobre on cultos y grupos misioneros que operan alrededor del mundo. as comprensiva e interactiva p´agias agiPresencia en Internet — Mantenemos la m´ na web de internet con forums, chats y servicio quincenal de informativos via e-mail.
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Lo que dicen de “Jews for Judaism” “Damos la bienvenida y respaldamos los esfuerzos de Jews for Judaism para monitorear la actividad misionera, proveyendo educaci´on on preventiva y, m´as as a´ un, un, trayendo de vuelta a jud´ıos ıos influenciados por misioneros cristianos. El trabajo de Jews for Judaism ha llegado a ser una herramienta efectiva y reconocida para repeler vigoro vigorosamen samente te las t´acticas acticas enga˜ nosas de los prosel nosas proselitist itistas as crist cristianos ianos que se enfocan en la conversi´on on de jud´ıos”. ıos ”. Bernie Farber, Director Nacional, Canadian Jewish Congress
“Con la creciente amenaza de los esfuerzos misioneros de ’hebreos cristianos’ enfocados directamente en nuestros j´ovenes, ovenes, es gratificante saber que Jews for Judaism es un mecanismo viable que est´a trabajando constantemente tanto para coartar la amena amenaza za mision misionera era como para motiv motivar ar el orgull orgulloo de ser jud jud´´ıo entre nuestros j´ovenes”. ovenes”. Rab´ Rab ´ı Glen Black, NCSY, Toronto, ON
“En tan tanto to que ha hay y mu muy y pocos en la com comuni unidad dad jud jud´´ıa con la vo volun luntad tad para afrontar este problema, hay menos incluso con la expertise , sabidu sabidurr´ıa y experiencia para combatir de manera efectiva la amenaza misionera. Aprobamos plenamente el importante trabajo contra-misionero de Jews Jews for Juda Judaism ism y llamamos la atenci´on on de la comunida comunidad d jud j ud´´ıa para que respald respalden en esta e sta valios valios´´ısima causa”. Rab´ı Moshe Rab´ M oshe Stern, S tern, ex-Presi ex-Presidente, dente, Va’ad HaRab onim de Toronto, ON Rab´ Rab ´ı de la Congregaci Congregaci´ ´ on Shaar on Shaarei ei Tefil efill´ l´ a, Toronto a, oronto,, ON
“Mi experiencia en educaci´on on jud´ıa ıa ha mostrad mostradoo que Jews for Judaism es el grupo m´ as efectivo en Norteam´ as erica en el combate de esta creciente amenaza”. erica
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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The world’s largest digital library
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Campa˜nas nas misioneras est´an an gastando incontables sumas de dinero en un esfuerzo por convertir a j´ovenes oven es jud´ıos. ıos . ¿Cu´al al es la respues respuesta ta jud jud´´ıa? ¿Puede ¿Pu ede est estar ar equ equiv ivocad ocadoo todo un bil bill´ l´ on de crist on cristianos? ianos? ¿Po ¿Porr qu´ e los Jud´ıos ıos rechazan a Jes´us us com comoo el Mes´ıa ıas? s? ¿Qu ¿Qu´´e es un “m “mes´ es´ıas” ıa s”?? ¿Qu´ ¿ Qu´e es lo que ´el el lle llevar´ var´a a cabo? ¿Qu´e es lo que realmente realmente dice la Bibli Bibliaa al respecto?? ¿Qu´e debe specto deb e entenderse entend erse por p or un “salvador ”? ”? ¿Qu´e quiere qu iere deci decirr “ser “ ser salvado”? salvado ”? ¿Por qu´ e soste sostenemos nemos que las afirmac afirmaciones iones mision misioneras eras est´ an an construidas sobre malas traducciones, falsas referencias, inexactitudes y pasa jes b´ıblicos ıblico s fuera fuer a de contexto?
En este profundo an´ alisis, el Rabino Aryeh Kaplan usa matealisis, rial misionero real para refutar sus afirmaciones, y presenta el punto de vista del Juda Juda´ ´ısmo Tradicional a la Cristiandad.
Esta edici´on on de “¿El Verdad erdadero ero Mes´ ıas? Una resp ıas? respuest uesta a jud´ ıa a los ıa lo s mimi u ´ nica organizaci´on on sioneros” ha sido posible gracias a Jews for Judaism, la unica contra-misionera a tiempo completo con alcance internacional. Los Centros de Intervenci´on on para Crisis de Jews for Judaism promue promueven ven la conti c ontinuida nuidad d jud´ıa, ıa, confrontar la asimilaci´on on al tiempo que repelen los esfuerzos de los misioneros cristianos crist ianos y de otros cultos enfocados en los jud jud´´ıos. Este libro es una excelente fuente educacional para rabinos, educadores, padres, estudiantes y adultos j´ ovenes. Es un excelente ant´ ovenes. ant´ıdoto/vacuna ante los ignominiosos esfuerzos misioneros. Si usted siente que Jews for Judaism puede proveerle a usted (o a alg´un un conocido) con informaci´on on y asistencia, o si quiere solicitar una consulta privada, llame por favor a alguna de nuestras filiales de Jews for Judaism: