Xbfkoel Qjgccj De}iexj Megargc
Aje`rfeg rgqrf ibibgrlj xeoel xeqr qrcex ieqe frojel ¸Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq±
BIROXJ Iefeoel Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
^BGZRXRG0
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Biroxj
FEQE ^BGCEGQE]
Exxeoeir´eoejfri S} Sm/
^r`j aeg Xzrfr} ie}joel xeze ~eg`eqfeg eqex fbleaj}eq Eooel XSQ/ fe}bge eqex }jalk aeg fe}rgjeGze oel xeze ae~eq ae~eq ibgzbobxejfeg Iefeoel Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq jgj' Aeoei ~bgzrxrgeg Oe~k}eg jgj irgcfjg xeze megzef xbfeoj ibgceoeij fbxrojqeg aeg fbgaeoe zegc ajxbmemfeg kobl fbqb}meqexeg fbiei~reg/ ~bgcbqelreg/ aeg sesexeg xb}qe ~koe ~jfj} xeze' Geirg mb}feq fbzefjgeg/ fbjgcjgeg/ aeg rxele eflj}gze xbire leimeqeg jqr ae~eq feij eqexj abgceg mejf' xeze ibgzeae}j xbaeoei)aeoeigze melse feij qjaefoel xbi~r}ge aeoei ~bimreqeg iefeoel jgj' Abgceg abijfjeg xeze mb}le}e~ abgceg ajmreqgze iefeoel jgj ae~eq ibibgrlj ~b}xze}eqeg aeoei ieqe ~b}frjeleg Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq aeg ae~eq mb}iegdeeq mecj xeze xb}qe ~e}e ~bimehe oejggze' Qjaef or~e xeze mb}qb}jiefexjl fb~eae xbire ~jlef zegc qboel megzef ibimegqr aeoei ~}kxbx ~bimreqeg Iefeoel jgj'
Sexxeoeir´eoejfri S} Sm/
Megargc/
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Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
=
Biroxj
AEDQE] JXJ
F EQE EQE ^BGCEGQE] ^BGCEGQE] ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' '''''''''' '''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' '''''''''' = AEDQE] AEDQE] JXJ ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''' '' '''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''' '' '''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' 8 MEM J ^BGAELROREG ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''' ' 2 Oe}eq Mboefegc Mboefegc ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' '''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''' '' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' '''''''''' 2 Qr`reg Qr`reg ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' '''''''''' '''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' '''''''''' '''''''''''' '''''''''''' 2 ^bimeqexeg Iexeoel '''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' 4 Ibqkab ^bgbojqjeg '''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''' ' 4 MEM JJ ^BIMELEXEG 0 BIROXJ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' ''''''''''' 3 ^bgcb}qjeg ^bgcb}qjeg ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' '''''''''' '''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' '''''''''' ''''''' 3 @bgjx Biroxj Biroxj '''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''' '' '''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''' '''' < Peq ^bgcbiroxj ^bgcbiroxj ,Biroceqk}* ,Biroceqk}* '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''' '''''''''''' 5> ^bgccrgeeg Biroxj '''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' ' 55 Ibqkab ^bimreqeg Biroxj Biroxj '''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' '''''''''''''' 55 Defqk} zegc le}rx aj~b}leqjfeg aeoei ~}kxbx biroxjdjfexj'''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''' 58 Qele~ ~bgbgqr ~bimbgqrfeg biroxj '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''' 58 Qr`reg ^bimbgqrfeg Biroxj ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' ''''''''''' 51 Defqk} zegc Ibi~bgce}rlj ^}kxbx Biroxjdjfexj '''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''' ''''''''''''' 51 He}e ibimbaefeg qj~b biroxj biroxj '''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''' ''''''''' 51 Mbmb}e~e xjdeq biroxj biroxj zegc ~bgqjgc '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''' ' 52 Qbk}j Biroxjdjfexj ''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''' ' 52 Xqemjojqex Djxjf Aeg Biroxj Biroxj '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''' ''''''''''''' 53 Defqk})defqk} zegc ibi~bgce}rlj xqemjojqex biroxj'''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''' ''''''''' 5< Ijf}kbiro Ijf}kbiroxj xj '''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''' '' '''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''' '''' 5<
Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
8
Biroxj
MEM JJJ ^BGRQR^ '''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' '''' => F bxji~roeg bxji~roeg '''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''' '' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' '''''''''' '''''=> AEDQE] ^RXQEF ^RXQEF E ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' '''''''''' '''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' '''''''''' ' =5
Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
1
Biroxj
MEM J ^BGA ^BG AELROREG
Oeqe} Mboefegc Mboefegc Aeoei argje de}iexj fjqe irgcfjg ibgcbqelrj mbmb}e~e mbgqrf xbajeeg kmeq zegc
ririgze aj~efej aeoei ~bimreqeg kmeq/ xbqje~ mbgqrf xbajeeg ibijojfj drgcxj aeg fbcrgeeggze iexjgc)iexjgc xbxrej abgceg fbmrqrleg aeg rgqrf e~e kmeq qb}xbmrq aj~efej' Xeoel xeqr mbgqrf xbajeeg ae}j kmeq zegc xb}jgc aj`ri~ej aeg xb}jgc ajcrgefeg ib}r~efeg BIROXJ' Biroxj ib}r~efeg xeoel xeqr mbgqrf xbajeeg zegc xb}jgc ajqbirj aeg ajcrgefeg kobl iexze}efeq orex/ xeie xb~b}qj mbgqrf xbajeeg zegc oejggze/ biroxj ajmreq abgceg iefxra aeg qr`reg qb}qbgqr/ leo qb}xbmrq ajaexe}feg melse xbqje~ xbajeeg zegc efeg ajcrgefeg le}rx xbxrej abgceg fbmrqrleg xbljgcce ajae~eqfeg lexjo zegc k~qjieo' Rgqrf jqr/ aeoei iefeoel zegc feij mreq jgj aj`boexfeg leo µ leo riri/ ier~rg zegc obmjl ibgaeoei oecj qbgqegc Biroxj/ e~e jqr biroxj/ rgqrf e~e fbcrgeeggze/ fbcrgeeggze/ qr`reg ajmreq biroxj/ aeg leo zegc oejggze zegc mb}fejqeg abgceg Biroxj'
Qr`reg Qr`reg ae}j iefeoel jgj eaeoel0
) Rgqrf ibibgrlj xeoel xeqr qrcex ieqe ~b}frojeleg Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq' ) Ibgcbqelrj e~e zegc ajiefxra abgceg biroxj' ) Ibi~boe`e}j e~e xe`e zegc ibg`eaj aexe} aeoei ~bimreqeg biroxj' ) Ibgcbgeo mb}mecej mb}mecej iehei Defqk} aeg xbcj xbcj ~egaegceg zegc mb}lrmrgceg mb}lrmrgceg abgceg abgceg xbajeeg biroxj'
Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
2
Biroxj
^bimeqexeg bimeqexeg Iexeo Iexeoel
Aeoei ~bgrojxeg iefeoel jgj/ ~bgrojx ibimeqexj iexeoel ~eae ~bimelexeg zegc mb}lrmrgceg abgceg Biroxj zegc xbhe}e ce}jx mbxe}gze qb}iexrf fbaeoei ~bgcbqelreg Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq' Xbmecej xeoel xeqr ae}j mbgqrf xbajeeg kmeq/ ibghefr~ ~bgcb}qjeg/ ~bimecjeg/ he}e ~bimreqeg/ aeg leo oejg zegc mb}lrmrgceg abgceg biroxj'
Ibqkab qkab ^bgbojq bojqjeg
^bgcri~roeg aeqe zegc ajae~eqfeg ae}j mb}mecej xrimb}/ ajegqe}egze 0 ae}j jgqb}gbq aeg mrfr qbgqegc ¸De}iexj6 Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq±/ xb}qe mb}mecej xrimb} zegc ibgarfrgc aeoei ~bimreqeg iefeoel jgj'
Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
4
Bi o
MEM JJ ^B
MELEXEG B
OXJ
^ gc }qjeg Biro Biro j eaeo eaeoel xreq xreqr xbaj xbajeeg zegc ibgcegargc are pe q hej hej zegc qjaef qjaef ier hei~r}/
mj mjexegze ej e j} aeg ij ijgzef aj ajiege hej he j}e xreq xreqr qb}aj b}ajx~b}xj x~b}x j ibg `ea `eajj mrqj mrqj} )mrqj } )mrqj}} fbhjo fbhjo aeo aeoe i hej hej}eg zegc oejg' Eqer/ g' Eqer/ Biro Biroxj eaeo eae oel xreq xreqr aj a jx~b}xb aj aj iege dexb q b}aj b}ajx~b}x qb}aj b}aj} j ae} j mro mroeqeg)mr )m roeqeg fbhjo fbhjo peq peq hej hej} zegc qb}aj b}ajxq} j mrxj mrxj fb xbo xbor}rl ~bimese zegc qjaef qjaef mb}hei~r}' Biro Biroxj eaeo eae oel xreq xreqr xzxq xzxqbi lbq lbqb}kcbg/ zegc qb}aj b}aj} j ae} j qjaef qjaef fr}egc ae} j xbmrel dexb hej hej} zegc qjaef qjaef mb}hei~r}/ zegc qb}aj b}ajx~b}xj x~b}xj aeo aeoei dexb hej he j} o } oejggze/ aeo ae oei mbgq mbgqrf q rf qbqbxeg) qbqbxeg/ abgceg aj ajeibq eibqb} xbhe}e riri/ obmj bmjl ae} j >/5 i' ,joijel*
Xbhe}e riri/ biro bir oxj ib}r~efeg xzxq xzxqbi zegc qb}aj b}aj} j ae} j are dexb hej hej} zegc qjaef qjaef mb}hei~r}/ zejq ze jqr r dexb aeo ae oei ,j ,jgqb}geo b}geo aeg dexb ore} ,bfxq ,bfxq b}geo b}ge o '
Joir I }e j Kme
3
Biroxj
F ki~kgbg ki~kgbg biroxj 0 ³
Dexb aeoei ,jgqb}geo*
³
Dexb ore} ,bfxqb}geo*
³
Biroxjdjzjgc Biroxjdjzjgc Ecbgq ,biroceqk}*
Doetkr} aeg ~bgcesbq zegc mb}eae aeoei dexe ej} zegc irgcfjg oe}rq aeoei ijgzef le}rx aeoei feae} zegc hrfr~ rgqrf ibibgrlj zegc ajjgcjgfeg' Biroceqk} ib}r~efeg fki~kgbg zegc ~bqjgc rgqrf ibi~b}kobl biroxj zegc xqemjo' Eae are iehei qj~b biroxj zegc qb}mbgqrf zejqr qj~b I+E I+E ajiege qbqbx ijgzef qb}ajx~b}xj fb aeoei dexb ej}/ aeg qj~b E+I ajiege dexb jgqb}g ej} aeg dexb bfxqb}g eaeoel ijgzef' Dexb jgqb}g ajxbmrq ~roe aexb ajx~b}x eqer dexb ajxhkgqjgrb'
@bgjx
Bi Biroxj
Biroxj C x
Biroxj cex ae~eq ajxbmrq `rce eb}kxko hej} zegc eaeoel biroxj aeoei ibajri ~bgajx~b}xj cex' ^eae eb}kxko hej}/ xb~b}qj6 lej}x~}ez aeg kmeq gzeirf aeoei fbiexeg feobgc/ rgqrf ae~eq ibimbgqrf xzxqbi fkokja eqer eq er ibgclexjofeg xbi~}kq eb}kxko zegc aj~b}orfeg/ ajmrqrlfeg megqreg meleg ~bgak}kgc+ ~}k~boeg eb}kxko/ egeqe} oejg6 HDH ,fok}kdrk}kfe}mkg eqer D} bkg*' bkg*' Eb}kxko hej} `rce ibijojfj xjdeq)xjdeq xb~b}qj xko ojkdkm6 bdbf Qzgaeoo/ cb}ef M}ksg/ aeg fbxqemjoeg abgcegireqeg abgcegireqeg ~e}qjfbo' ~e}qjfbo' Hkgqkl0 aeoei lrqeg zegc obmeq/ heleze ieqele}j efeg ajxbme}feg kobl ~e}qjfbo) ~e}qjfbo ~e}qj fbo fkokja ae}j xjxqbi xjxqb i fkokja femrq î ib}r~efeg ib}r~e feg hkgqkl bdbf Qzgaeoo Qzgae oo ~eae eb}k eb} kxko hej}'
Biroxj H j}
Biroxj hej} ibojmeqfeg are peq hej} zegc qb}hei~r}/ qbqe~j qjaef ae~eq xeojgc iboe}rqfeg/ ae~q `rce ajxbmrq peq hej} ~koe} $peq hej} gkg)~koe}' Mjexegze xeoel xeqr peq hej} jgj eaeoel e j} ,peq hej} ~koe}* ae g peq oejggze6 oejggze6 ijgzef ,peq hej} gkg)~koe}*'
Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
<
Biroxj
Biroxj hej} jqr xbgaj}j ae~eq ajckokgcfeg ibg`eaj = `bgjx/ zejqr6 biroxj ijgzef aeoei ej} ,hql0 xrxr zegc qb}aj}j ae}j obief zegc qb}ajx~b}xj aeoei ej}/`eaj mrqj}eg ijgzef aj aeoei ej}*/ eqer biroxj ej} aeoei ijgzef ,hql0 ie}ce}jgb zegc qb}aj}j ae}j ej} zegc qb}ajx~b}xj aeoei ijgzef/ `eaj mrqj}eg ej} aeoei ijgzef*' Mecejiege ej} aeg ijgzef ae~eq mb}hei~r} xbljgcce ibimbgqrf biroxj hej}; Ej} aeg ijgzef ae~eq mb}hei~r} ibimbgqrf biroxj hej} e~emjoe xreqr ~bgcbiroxj ,biroceqk}* ajqeimelfeg aeoei oe}rqeg qb}xbmrq' F e}bge e}bge fbmegzefeg biroxj eaeoel ajx~b}xjej} aeoei igzef/ aeg ajx~b}xjijgzef aeoei ej}/ iefe peq ~bgcbiroxj zegc ajcrgefeg le}rx ae~eq oe}rq abgceg mejf aj aeoei ej} ier~rg ijgzef' Hkgqkl ~bgcbiroxj qb}xbmrq eaeoel xbgzese k}cegjh zegc ibijojfj crcrx ~koe} aeg gkg)~koe}' Mecjeg gkg) ~koe} efeg mb}jgqb}efxj abgceg ijgzef+ ibgcbojojgcj ~e}qjfbo)~e}qjfbo ijgzef/ xbaegcfeg mecjeg zegc ~koe} efeg mb}jgqb}efxj freq abgceg ej}' E~emjoe mecjeg ~koe} jgj qb}jkgjxexj ibg`eaj mb}ireqeg gbceqjtb/ iefe ~b}qjfbo)~e}qjfbo ijgzef `rce efeg mb}ireqeg gbceqjd' Ireqeg qb}xbmrq efeg ibgcefjmeqfeg ~b}qjfbo)~e}qjfbo ijgzef xeojgc qkoef)ibgkoef aeg qjaef efeg mb}cemrgc/ xbljgcce biroxj ibg`eaj xqemjo' Hkgqklgze0 eae xemrg zegc ib}r~efeg ce}ei fe}mkfxjoeq' Ikobfro xemrg qb}xrxrg ae}j ¸bfk}± eofjo zegc gkg)~koe} ,oe}rq aeoei ijgzef* aeg fb~eoe jkg fe}mkfxjoeq zegc ~koe} ,oe}rq aeoei ej}*' ^}jgxj~ qb}xbmrq zegc ibgzbmemfeg xemrg aeg abqb}`bg ibijojfj aeze ~bimb}xjl' F bqjfe bqjfe fjqe iegaj eqer ibghrhj ~efejeg/ ~efeje g/ ¸bfk}± gkg)~koe} ae}j xemrg efeg ibgbi~bo ~eae fkqk}eg aeg fb~eoe ~koe}gze ibgbi~bo ~eae ej}' Xbljgcce qbcegceg ~b}irfeeg ej} efeg xbiefjg mb}fr}egc/ xbljgcce ej} efeg `erl obmjl irael rgqrf ibge}j f fkqk}eg'
Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
:
Biroxj
Peq
^b ^bgcbi gcbir roxj ,Bi ,Biroceqk}*
Biroxj ib}r~efeg xreqr xjxqbi zegc qjaef xqemjo' Rgqrf jqr fjqe ibib}orfeg xreqr peq ~bgxqemjo zegc ajxbmrq peq ~bgcbiroxj eqer biroceqk}' Qeg~e eaegze biroceqk}/ iefe biroxj efeg xbcb}e ~bhel aeg qb}~jxel ibg`eaj dexb qb}ajx~b}xj aeg ibajri ~bgajx~b}xjgze/ zegc }jgceg qb}e~rgc aj eqex zegc mb}eq' Eaegze ~bgeimeleg biroceqk} ae~eq ibgxqemjofeg xreqr biroxj fe}bge biroceqk} ibgr}rgfeg qbcegceg ~b}irfeeg xbhe}e mb}qele~' Eaegze ~bgr}rgeg qbcegceg ~b}irfeeg xbhe}e mb}qele~ efeg ibgr}rgfeg bgb}cj mbmex zegc aj~b}orfeg rgqrf ~bimbgqrfeg biroxj ibg`eaj xbiefjg ijgjieo' E}qjgze biroxj efeg ibg`eaj xqemjo mjoe ajoefrfeg ~bgeimeleg biroceqk} zegc mb}drgcxj rgqrf ibgr}rgfeg bgb}cj mbmex ~bimbgqrfeg biroxj xbiefxjieo irgcfjg' Xbiefjg }bgael bgb}cj mbmex ~bimbgqrfeg biroxj iefe biroxj efeg xbiefjg irael qb}mbgqrf' Qbcegceg ~b}irfeeg ibgr}rg fe}bge qb}`eaj eaxk}~xj kobl biroceqk} ~eae ~b}irfeeg hej}eg abgceg mecjeg r`rgc zegc ~koe} mb}eae aj ej} aeg r`rgc lja}kfe}mkg ~eae ijgzef' Aeze fb}`e biroceqk} ajxbmemfeg kobl mbgqrf ikobfrogze zegc ae~eq qb}jfeq mejf aeoei ijgzef ier~rg aeoei ej}' Mjoe biroceqk} qb}xbmrq obmjl qb}jfeq ~eae ej} eqer oe}rq aeoei peq zegc ~koe} iefe efeg obmjl irael qb}`eaj biroxj ijgzef aeoei ej} ,I+E*/ aeg xbmeojfgze mjoe mjoe biroceqk} obmjl oe}rq aeoei peq zegc gkg ~koe}/ xb~b}qj ijgzef/ iefe efeg qb}`eaj biroxj ej} aeoei ijgzef ,E+I*' Biroceqk} ibimrgcfrx mrqj})mrqj} hej}eg qb}ajx~b}xj abgceg xreqr oe~jxeg qj~jx/ xbljgcce mrqj})mrqj} qb}xbmrq qjaef ae~eq mb}cemrgc ibimbgqrf dexb fkgqjgjzr' Mecjeg ikobfro biroceqk} zegc gkg ~koe} oe}rq aeoei oe~jxeg ore} mrqj})mrqj} obief xbaegcfeg mecjeg zegc ~koe} ibgcleae~ fb ~boe}rq ej}' ^eae mbmb}e~e ~}kxbx/ biroxj le}rx aj~bhelfeg' Geirg eae ~}kxbx ajiege biroxj le}rx aj`ece ece} qjaef qb}`eaj ~bibheleg biroxj' Peq ~bgcbiroxj eqer biroceqk} `rce ajfbgeo xbmecej fkokja ~bojgargc/ zegc ae~eq ibghbcel qb}`eajgze ~}kxbx ~bibheleg biroxj/ hkgqklgze0Cboeqjg/ ajcrgefeg ~eae ~bimreqeg bx f}ji6 Xemrg aeg abqb}`bg6 ^}kqbjg6 Heq aeg qjgqe6 Bobfq}kojq ' Peq ~bgcbiroxj eaeoel ^CE/ q}ecefeg/ cboeqjg/ xe~k aeg oejg)oejg' Biroxe ae~eq ajmbaefeg ibg`eaj are iehei zejqr biroxj tb}e ,b iroxj eoei* aeg biroxj biroxj x~r}je ,biroxj mreqeg*' Biroxj tb}e ajmreq ae}j mj`j eqer mrel/ ajiege qb}ae~eq ajxei~jgc ijgzef obief `rce biroceqk} zegc mjexegze ib}r~efeg peq xb~b}qj ~rqjl qbor} ,Egjbd/ =>>>*'
Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
5>
Biroxj
^bgccrgeeg Bi Biroxj ^bgccrgeeg biroxj ajmecj ibg`eaj are ckokgceg zejqr biroxj rgqrf ~biefejeg ~biefejeg aeoei
aeg biroxj rgqrf ~biefejeg ore}' Biroxj rgqf ~biefejeg aeoei iboj~rqj ~b} k}eo eqer ~eae jg`bfxj jgq}etbge zegc rgqrf ~biefejeg ore} ajcrgefeg ~eae frojq eqer ibim}egb irfkxe zejqr ojgbibg/ okxjkg/ h}bei aeg xeob~' Biroxj rgqrf ~bgccrgeeg k}eo mjexegze ibi~rgzej qj~b I+E' biroceqk} ib}r~efeg djoi ~bgrqr~ ae}j ijgzef kmeq ece} ibgrqr~j }exe qef bgef jqr' Doetkr} ajqeimelfeg ~eae dexb bfxqb}g ece}e }exegze obmjl bgef' Biroxj `rce mb}~ebael rgqrf ibgejfeg emxk}mxj obief iboeorj ajgajgc rxrx' ^bgccrgeeg biroxj rgqrf ~e}bgqb}eo ajmrqrlfeg ~b}leqjeg flrxrx aeoei ~}karfxj xb~b}qj ~bijojleg biroceqk}/ rfr}eg fbxeieeg mrqj} qbqbx rgqrf jg`bfoxj jgq}etbge' Obhjqljg qjaef ~b}gel aj~efej fe}bge ibgjimrofeg lbikojxe' lbikojxe' ^bimreqeg biroxj rgqrf jg`bfxj ajoefrfeg ajoefrfeg abgceg ibimreq biroxj fexe} oeor ajiexrfeg lkikcbgjpb}/ aj qei~rgc aeoei mkqko xqb}jo aeg ajxqb}jofeg aeoei erqk foe~ aeg aj ~b}jfxe xqb}jojqex xb}qe rfr}eg rfr}eg mrqj}' Rgqrf ~biefejeg frojq aeg ibim}egb irfkxe ajcrgefeg xbajeeg biroxj qj~b I+E eqer E+I' biroxj kmeq aeoei aexe} xeob~ ae~eq ibgr}rgfeg fbhb~eqeg emxk}mxj aeg bfxjgqbgxjgze emxk}mxj iboeorj frojq aeg ibim}ege irfkxe' Hkgqkl0 xrx~bgxj bdba}jg aeoei biroxj I+E mjoe aj~efej ~eae irfkxe ljargc aj emxk}mxj obmjl oeimeq xj megajgc oe}rqeggze aeoei ij gzef/ `eaj aj~b}kobl ~}kokgcba ehqjkg' Qbqe~j bijoxj feaegc)feaegc feaegc)feaegc ae~eq ibgejfeg fbhb~eqeg emxk}mxj ~b}frxbg abgceg feqe oejg emxk}mxj fbaeoei aeg iboeorj frojq '
Ibqkab qkab ^bimreqeg bimreqeg Bi Biroxj
Ibqkab Cki F b}jgc b}jgc
Ajxbmrq ~roe ibqkab hkgqjgbgqeo aeg ibqkab 16=65' Biroxj ajmreq abgceg `rioel fki~kxjxj ijgzef abgceg ¹ `rioel tkorib ej} aeg ¿ `rioel biroceqk}' Xbljgcce aj~b}kobl ~b}megajgceg 1 mecjeg ijgzef/ = mecjeg ej} aeg 5 me cjeg biroceqk}' ^b}qeie)qeie cki ajajx~b}xjfeg fbaeoei ijgzef/ oeor ajqeimelfeg ej} xbfeojcrx aeg ajearf +ajcb}rx abgceg hb~eq aeg xbe}el x be}el ljgcce qb}mbgqrf fk}~rx biroxj'
Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
55
Biroxj
Ibqkab Cki Mexel
Ajxbmrqq ~roe xbmecej ibqkab Jgcc}jx/ hkhkf rgqrf ~bgzje~eg biroxj abgceg irxjoeck eqer iboe}rqfeg cri xbmecej biroceqk}/ aeg ibgccrgefeg ~b}megajgceg 16=65 xeie xb~b}qj ibqkab cki fb}jgc' Ibqkab jgj aj~jojl `jfe biroceqk} zegc ajcrgefeg le}rx ajoe}rqfeg+ajajx~b}xjfeg qb}obmrl aelror fbaeoei ej} ijxeogze ibqjoxborokxe' 5 mecjeg cki ajqeimelfeg = mecjeg ej} oeor ajearf/ aeg ijgzef ajqeimelfeg xbajfjq abij xbajfjq xe imjo qb}rx ajearf abgceg hb~eq'
Ibqkab Mkqko
Ajxbmrq ~roe ibqkab Dk}mbx ,5*' Ibqkab jgjj ajcrgefeg rgqrf biroxj ae}j meleg) meleg ibgcre~ aeg ijgzef)ijgzef abgceg fbfbgqeoeg zegc }bgael' Ibqkab jgj ib}}r~efeg te}jexj ae}j ibqkab cki fb}jgc eqer ibqkab cki mexel' Biroxj qb}rqeie ajmreq abgceg ~bgckhkfeg ~bgckhkfeg freq aeg fbirajeg ajbghb}feg abgceg dexb ore}' Aeoei mkqko fb}jgc/ biroceqk} zegc ajcrgefeg ¿ ae}j `rioel ijgzef,=*' Ajqeimelfeg are mecjeg ej} oeor ajfkhkf freq)freq/ xreqr tkorib ej} zegc xeie megzef abgceg ijgzef ajqeimelfeg xbajfjq abij xbajfjq xeimjo qb}rx ajfkhkf/ xbqboel biroxj rqeie qb}mbgqrf/ ae~eq ajbghb}feg abgceg ej} xe i~ej tkorib zegc qb~eq,5*' qb~eq,5*'
Ibqkab ^bgzemrgeg ^bgzemrgeg Jg Xjqr X jqr
e' Xemrg F eoxjri eoxjri Biroxj e+i zegc qb}aj}j ae}j hei~r}eg ijgzef xezr} aeg ej} `b}rf/zegc ajmreq abgceg xbab}lege zejqr ibghei~r}feg ijgzef aeg ej} aeoei `rioel zegc xeie aeg ajfkhkf freq)freq' Meleg ~bgcbiroxj/ qb}rqeie feoxjri kobeq/ ajmbgqrf xbhe}e jg xjqr ajxje~feg ae}j ijgzef xezr} eoeij zegc ibgcegargc exei obief mbmex' m' Xemrg Orgef Ibqkab jgj/ mexjx aj oe}rqfeg aeoei dexb ej} aeg exei obief aeoei dexb ijgzef' @jfe ~b}or/ iefe meleg ae~eq ajoboblfeg/ fki~kgbg qb}xbmrq ae~eq aj~jxelfeg aeoei are cboex mbfb} aeg aj~egexfeg ljgcce ibobobl/ `jfe fbare dexb qboel ibghe~ej qbi~b}eqr}b zegc xeie/ iefe dexb bfxqb}geo ajqeimelfeg ajqe imelfeg fbaeoei dexb jgqb}geo abgceg ~bgcearfeg'
Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
5=
Biroxj
h' ^bgcbiroxj Xjgqbqjf Mbmb}e~e ~rxqefe ibiexrffeggze aeoei feqbck}j ibqkab ibqkab qeimeleg ,5*' , 5*' Xbhe}e riri/ ibqkab jgj xeie abgceg ibqkab ~bgzemrgeg jg xjqr abgceg ibgccrgefeg xemrg orgef abgceg ~b}mbaeeg melse meleg ~bgcbiroxj ajqeimelfeg ~eae dexb ajiege je ae~eq obmjl iboe}rq' Abgceg ~b}megajgceg rgqrf biroxjdjb} =)2"' Biroxjdjfexj qjaef qb}`eaj xbh b~eq ibqkab ~bgzemrgeg' Mbmb}e~e qj~b ~b}eoeqeg ibfegjf mjexegze ajmrqrlfeg/ xb~b}qj lega lkikcbgjpb} '
Defqk} zegc le}rx aj~b aj~b}leq }leqjjfeg aeo aeoei ~}kxb }kxbx bir biroxjdjfex jdjfexjj
Egqe}e oejg0 z
^kojajx~b}xj cokmro xdb}jx qb}cegqrgc q b}cegqrgc ae}j ~bgcearffeg dexe qb}ajx~b}xj'
z
Bgb}xj egqe} irfe = hej}eg zegc qjaef mb}hei~r} ibgzbmemfeg fbqjaefxqemjoeg xbljgcce rxele bgb}xj egqe} irfe ijgjiri'
z
Xqemjojxeqk} ~eae egqe} irfe'
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Meleg ~bgjgcfeq tjxfkxjqex ae~eq ibgcr}egcj fbhb~eqeg ~bgccemrgceg cokmro qb}ajx~b}xj'
z
Ajmbgqrf = dexb xqemjojxexj abgceg dexb fbqjce eaeoel biroceqk} eqer iroqj biroxj ,k+s+k/ s+k+s*
Qele~ Qele~ ~bg ~bgbgqr ~bimbgqrfeg ~bimbgqrfeg bir biroxj
Egqe}e oejg0 z
Qele~ ~bijxeleg0 ajx}r~xj aeg ajxq}rfxj' ]releg ibg`eaj cokmro ajqbgqrfeg kobl sefqr aeg fbhb~eqeg ~bgcearffeg' ^bgcearffeg abgceg fbhb~eqeg qjgccj ibgccrgefeg roq}eqr}e| xrael ~bhel ,xrael k~ef xb~b}qj xrxr aeg fbhb~eqeg ajqr}rgfeg* iexrf fb aeoei qele~ xqemjojxexj'
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Qele~ xqemjojxexj0 ibfegjxib fb}`e biroceqk}'
Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
58
Biroxj
Qr`reg ^bimb ^bimbgqrfeg gqrfeg Bi Biroxj
Egqe}e oejg0
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Ibgjgcfeqfeg fboe}rqeg
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Ibgjgcfeqfeg xqemjojqex
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Ibi~b}mejfj ~bgei~joeg
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Ibgrqr~j }exe qjaef bgef
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Zejqr0 z
Qbcegceg ~b}irfeeg = dexb hej}/ fe}bge eaegze ~b}mbaeeg ~koe}jqex aeg peq hej} qb}xbmrq'
z
Bgb}cj mbmex ~b}irfeeg0 ae~eq ibimbgqrf fkeobxhbg/ zejqr ~bgccemrgceg ~bgccemrgceg cokmro'
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Biroceqk}0 djoi egqe} irfe/ qkoef ibgkoef ireqeg/ aeg }b~roxj xqb}jf rgqrf biroceqk} ireqeg'
He}e
ibimbaefeg ibimbaefeg qj~b qj~b bir biroxj
Egqe}e oejg0 z
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He}e
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z
F kgarhqjdjqex kgarhqjdjqex Bobfq}kae ajhbor~ ajaeoei hej}eg biroxj/ mjoe jkg ibgzeoe qj~b biroxj K+S abijfjeg xbmeojfgze'
Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
51
Biroxj
Mbmb}e Mbmb }e~ ~e xjd xjd eq eq bir biroxj zegc ~bgq ~bgqjjgc Abiroxjdjfexj
F bxqemjoeg bxqemjoeg biroxj hej} ae~eq }rxef e~emjoe qb}`eaj ~biegxeg/ ~}kxbx xbgq}jdrcexj/ ~bgajgcjgeg/ ~bgeimeleg bobfq}kojq/ aeg ~b}rxefeg peq ~bgcbiroxj' F }ji }ji eqer h}beijgc eqer xbajibgqexj ae~eq qb}mbgqrf ~eae ~}kxbx jgj' ^bimbgqrfeg f}ji ae~eq fjqe `ri~ej ~eae biroxj ijgzef aeoei ej}/ e~emjoe fbxqemjoeg biroxj jgj }rxef/iefe ~b}qjfbo)~e}qjfbo ijgzef efeg gejf fb eqex ibimbgqrf f}ji' Xbaegcfeg xbajibgqexj zegc qb}`eaj ~eae biroxj ej} aeoei ijgzef6 e~emjoe fbxqemjoeg biroxj jgj }rxef/ iefe ~e}qjfbo)~e}qjfbo ej} efeg qr}rg fb mesel' Hkgqkl ~bgccrgeeg ~}kxbx jgj eaeoel0 ~bgccrgeeg ~}kxbx abiroxjdjfexj abgceg ~bgiemeleg bobfq}kojq rgqrfibijxelfeg fe}bq aeoei oeqbfx zegc ajoefrfeg abgceg ~bgeimeleg exei exe i dk}ieq ,HLKKL* ,HLKKL* eqer exei exe i exbqeq ,HL8HKKL*' ^bgcbghb}eg
Abgceg ibgeimelfeg xb`rioel ibajri ~bgajx~b}xjgze/ biroxj ae~eq ajbghb}feg' Xbmeojfgze/ dexb qb}ajx~b}xj zegc ajhei~r}feg efeg abgceg x~kgqeg ibimbgqrf oe~jxeg qb}~jxel' Xjdeq jgj ae~eq ajiegdeeqfeg rgqrf ibgbgqrfeg ibgbgqrfeg `bgjx biroxj'
Qbk}j k}j Biroxjdjfex jdjfexjj Qbk}j qb}`eajgze biroxj qb}ae~eq 1 ibqkab zegc ae~eq ajojleq ae}j xrarq ~egaegc zegc
mb}mbae ,Egxbo/ 5:<:*0 5'
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fklbxj qje~ peq xboeor xeie/ xbljgcce ~eae ~b}irfeeg xreqr peq hej} ,mjaegc meqex egqe}e ej} aeg rae}e* efeg qb}`eaj ~b}mbaeeg qbcegceg fe}bge qjaef eaegze fbxbjimegceg ceze fklbxj ,qbcegceg ~b}irfeeg+xr}dehb qbgxjkg*' Xbiefjg qjgccj ~b}mbaeeg qbcegceg zegc qb}`eaj ~eae mjaegc meqex ibgcefjmeqfeg egqe}e fbare peq hej} jqr xbiefjg xrxel rgqrf mb}hei~r}' Qbcegceg ~eae ej} e j} mb}qeimel abgceg ~bgeimeleg ~bge imeleg ce}ei)ce}ei ce}ei)ce}ei egk}cegj f eqer xbgzese bobfq}kojq/ qbqe~j mb}fr}egc abgceg ~bgeimeleg xbgzese k}cegjf qb}qbgqr xb~b}qj xemrg'
Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
52
Biroxj
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Oj~kdjojf0 mecjeg biroceqk} zc xrfe ~a ijgzef
Biroceqk} ae~eq ajfeqefeg ~bgcjfeq egqe}e ej} aeg ijgzef zegc ibimbgqrf xreqr fbxbjimegceg ,LOM* egqe}e fboki~kf lja}kdjo $ oj~kdjo' Iefjg mbxe} LOM iefjg lja}kdjo ,biroceqk} irael oe}rq aeoe i ej} $ xbmeojfgze*'
8'
Qbk}j Qbk}j Jgq Jgq b} ~bo ~bo e xj djo xj djo i Biroceqk} efeg ajxb}e~ ~eae meqex egqe}e ej} aeg ijgzef/ xbljgcce qb}mbgqrf oe~jxeg
djoi zegc efeg ibimrgcfrx ~e}qjfbo dexb ajx~b}xj ibgzbmemfeg ~e}qjfbo xb`bgjx zegc efeg qbcemrgc efeg qb}leoegc' Rgqrf ibimb}jfeg xqemjojqex iefxjiri/ biroceqk} le}rx0 e'Ae~eq
ibimbgqrf
m'@rioelgze
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freq
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1'
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qkoef)ibgkoef egqe}e ~e}qjfbo xb`bgjx' Q b}`eajgze ireqeg ojxq}jf ajxbmemfeg kobl xeoel xeqr ae}j fbqjce he}e mb}jfrq0 e'Qb}`eajgze jkgjxexj ae}j ikobfro ~eae ~b}irfeeg ~e}qjfbo m'Qb}`eajgze emxk}~xj jkg kobl ~e}qjfbo ae}j hej}eg xbfjqe} gze h'Qb}`eajgze cbxbfeg ~e}qjfbo abgceg abgceg hej}eg he j}eg xbfjqe}gze'
Ea xk xk}mxj
~e}qj ~e}qjf bo ~eae o ~eaeq q
^e}qjhob ~eaeq qb}mecj leorx ajmexelj xbmecjeg kobl ijgzef xbmecjeg kobl ej} ae~eq mbfb}`e xbmecej biroceqk}' Xb}mrf zegc xrfe aj mexelj kobl ej} efeg ibimbgqrf biroxj qj~b I+E/ xbaegcfeg zegc obmjl irael aj mexelj kobl ijgzef efeg ibimbgqrf biroxj qj~b E+I'
Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
54
Biroxj
Xqemjoj Xqemjojqex qex Dj Djxjf A f Aeg Bi Biroxj H}beijgc aeg Lf'Xqkfbx
H}beijgc eaeoel ~}kxbx xbajibgqexj ae} j qbqbxeg)qbqbxeg qbqbxeg)qbqbxeg qb}ajx~b}xj mb}aexe}feg abgxjqex ae}j dexb jgqb}geo aeg dexb bfxqb}geo' @jfe abgxjqex }boeqjtb ae}j fbare dexb ajfbqelrj/ ~bimbgqrfeg e}el f}ji ae}j dexb ajx~b}x ae~eq ibgrg`rffeg qj~b biroxj zegc eae' ^eae xbmecjeg mbxe} xzxqbi de}iexbqjf/ abgxjqex dexb ijgzef eqer obief fr}egc ajmegajgcfeg dexb ej}6 xbljgcce/ `jfe qb}`eaj f}ji ~eae mecjeg eqex/ iefe biroxj qb}xbmrq eaeoel qj~b i+e/ `jfe biroxj f}ji qb}`eaj ~eae mecjeg mesel/ iefe biroxj qb}xbmrq ib}r~efeg qj~b e+i' ^bgjoejeg F bxqemjoeg bxqemjoeg
Mjoe are oe}rqeg ir}gj zegc qjaef xeojgc hei~r}+ oe}rq xb~b}qj ijgzef aeg ej}/ ajhei~r}feg/ oeor ajfkhkf freq)freq/ iefe fbaregze efeg ibimbgqrf xjxqbi ajx~b}xj zegc ajxbmrq biroxj' Xbhe}e djxjf qb}ojleq xbkoel)koel xeoel xeqr dexe mb}eae aj xbmboel aeoei dexe zegc oejggze' Mjoe ~}kxbx ~bgckhkffeg ajlbgqjfeg/ iefe abgceg xegceq hb~eq efeg qb}`eaj ~bijxeleg fbimeoj/ xbljgcce fkgajxj biroxj zegc xbxrgccrlgze irghro aeg qb}eieqj ~eae xjxqbi ajx~b}xj qb}`eaj aeoei se fqr zegc xegceq xjgcfeq ' F bxqemjoeg bxqemjoeg biroxj ajqbgqrfeg kobl are ceze/ zejqr0 z
Ceze qe}jf)ibge}jf zegc ajfbgeo abgceg ceze Okgakg)Teg Ab} Seeox' Ceze jgj ibgzbmemfeg ibgzbmemfeg ~e}qjfbo)~e}qjfbo ~e}qjfbo)~e}qjfbo fkokja mb}fri~ro ibimbgqrf ec}bceq ec} bceq aeg ibgcbgae~/ ibgcbgae~/
z
Ceze qkoef)ibgkoef zegc ajxbmemfeg kobl ~b}qri~egc)qjgajleg ~b}qri~egc)qjgajleg oe~jxeg ce gae bobfq}jf zegc mb}ireqeg xeie' Ceze jgj efeg ibgxqemjofeg ajx~b}xj fkokja
Joir Ib}ehjf Kmeq
53
Biroxj
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Eaeoel0
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2'
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gi' Aeoei ijf}kbiroxj qb}`eaj xkormjojxexj ijxboe} ajiege ijxbo)ijxbo mb}cemrgc aeg ibimrqrlfeg ibimrqrlfeg fkgxbgq}exj xr}defqeg zegc qjgccj' Defqk} zegc le}rx aj~b}leqjfeg aeoei aeoei ijf}kbiroxj0 z
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z
Xqemjojqe djxjf aeg ~bimbgqrfeg xjxqbi zegc x~kgqeg'
z
Ab}e`eq xkormjojxexj0 ijxbo xr}defqeg/ cokmro biroxj/ aeg xkormjojxexj zegc qb}`eaj'
z
F jgbqjfe jgbqjfe xkormjojxexj qb}cegqrgc ae}j ae}j ab}e`eq xkormjojxexj aeg q}egxjxj ijxbo xr}defqe g aeg cokmro biroxj'
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