ENDAPAN MINERAL BIJIH: KLASIFIKASI, KLASIFIKASI, GENESA, GENE SA, MODEL ENDAPAN SERTA ASOSIASI ASOSIASI MINERAL DAN KOMPOSISI KIMIANYA KIMIANYA
ENDAPAN VMS ENDAPAN SEDEX dan MVT Majorr Pb-Zn-C Pb-Zn-Cu u Supp Supplie liers rs) ( Majo
MATA-KULIAH Permodelan Sumberdaya Mineral (2 SKS)
RUANG LNGKUP BAHASAN
Pengantar Metalogenesis: pembentukan endapan logam Klasifikasi endapan mineral bii! "ndapan magmatik #kromit$ nikel dan PGM% "ndapan !idrotermal &: epitermal dan porfiri "ndapan !idrotermal &&: skarn dan mesotermal "ndapan !idrotermal &&&: 'MS "ndapan S"(") dan M'* "ndapan residual #kimia+i% "ndapan sedimenter #pla,er% "-aluasi: *ugas dan uian
KLAS&.&KAS& KLAS&.&KAS& "N(APAN B&/&H 0 Endapan bijih magmatik-hidrotermal
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Endapan liqid magmatik (!r pada o"iolit ata intr#i berlapi# dengan prodk #ampingan Pt$ %e&Ti dan Ni)
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Pegmatit (Sn$ Nb&Ta$ 'i$ e$ et)* et )*
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Endapan hidrotermal+ Cyprus-type (VMS), #karn ($ Sn$ !$ et)$ e t)$ por"iri (!$ Mo$ Sn$ et), endapan rat (Sn$ $ .), endapan epitermal A-Ag, /% ( Algoma Algoma type)
Endapan hidrotermal-metamor"ik –
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.rat kar#a pada batan metamor" (A) ata lode gold *
Endapan hidrotermal-diagenetik –
Tipe Kupferschiefer (!$ Pb$ 0n)
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Tipe Mississippi Mississippi (MVT)+ Pb-0n-a-% pada karbonat lat
SEDEX
Endapan ha#il pelapkan (kimia) –
Endapan #i#a+ bak#it dan %e-laterit
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Si#a pelartan+ endapan Ni dan A laterit, pengka1aan Mn$ %e$ !$ Ag
Endapan bijih #edimenter (mekanik) (me kanik) –
Endapan plaer al2ial dan lat (A$ Sn$ Ti$ 3EE) 3EE )
ENDAPAN S.'%/DA MAS/% V4'5AN/6EN/5 (V!CA"#$%"#C MASS#V% S&!P'#%S)
Terminologi Ma##i2e Slphide depo#it# ada 7+ 8* Volani-dominated marine #e##ion
9 Volanogeni ma##i2e #lphide (VMS) depo#it# Mineral deposits formed from mid1o,ean ridge -ol,anism 7* Pelite# : Semipelite# (;#hale-ho#ted<) 9 Sedimentar1 E=halati2e (SEDEX) depo#it VMS > SEDEX are major #pplier# "or ! and Pb-0n$ ?& b1 prodt A > Ag
VMS
5la#i"ika#i VMS
Tetoni #etting VMS
Mineralog1 Main minerals: P2 P2rite$ P2rr!otite$ Sp!alerite$ Galena$ 3!al,op2rite$ 3!al,osite$ Bornite Minor minerals: Ars Arsenop2rite$ *etra!edrite$ *ennantite Gangue: 4 4 uart uart5$ 3arbonates$ 3!lorite$ Seri,ite
Arsitektur endapan 'MS ●
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Endapan ini mengandung lensa konkordan dari sulfida masif, yang tersusun atas 60% atau lebih mineral sulfida. Secara stratigrafi ditutupi oleh stokwork diskordan dari urat-urat mineralisasi sulfida yang terdapat pada batuan yang mengalami alterasi hidrotermal. Kontak bagian atas dari lensa sulfida masif dengan batuan batuan samping biasanya taam, tetapi pada bagian bawah biasanya gradasional.
Ar#itektr endapan
Pada endapan VMS (#eperti tipe 5roko)$ logam-logam da#ar (base
Altera#i hidrotermal
Model tipe kroko
.aktor1faktor 2ang berpengaru!
Model pembentukan
Tahapan pembentkan
Pro#e# akmla#i #l"ida
Smber logam
VMS in /ndone#ia (e*g* P* etar)
5ali 5ning$ P* etar
E2oltion o" the etar depo#it#
ENDAPAN SED/MENTA3 EXBA'AT/VE (SEDEX)
*!e 6etar deposits initiated as t2pi,al -ol,anogeni, massi-e sulfides +it! a 5oned foot+all alteration predominantl2 prop2liti, to argilli, in ,!ara,ter #Kuroko like%7
The barite depo#it# originate a# a peripheral ;2ent< #1#tem$ ?ith "lid# irlating throgh the #l"ide mond and ndergoing #igni"iant mi=ing o" #ea?ater* A# the #1#tem e2ol2e# ondti2el1 ooled h1drothermal "lid# irlate beneath the ma##i2e #l"ide mond generating the alteration and re"leting the pa##age o" more o=idi@ed and aidi "lid#* Thi# re#lt# in the argilli to ad2aned argilli alteration
*!e sulfide and barite s2stem is preser-ed beneat! limestones and la!ars$ prior to e8!umation from t!e o,ean floor$ due to ,ontinued ,ollision of t!e Australian ,ontinental margin and t!e 9uter Banda Ar,
ENDAPAN SED/MENTA3 EXBA'AT/VE (SEDEX)
hat are SEDEX Depo#it#C ●
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Sedimentar2 e8!alati-e #S"(")% is a t2pe of massi-e sulp!ide deposit asso,iated +it! sedimentar2 ro,ks S"(") deposits ,onsist of la2ers of massi-e sulp!ide #a ro,k ,omposed of at least ;< sulp!ide minerals% interbedded +it! la2ers of sedimentar2 ro,k7 *!e term =sedimentar2 e8!alati-e= refle,ts t!e ,urrent t!inking t!at t!e massi-e sulp!ides pre,ipitated from !2drot!ermal fluids e8!aled or -ented on to t!e seafloor7
hat are SEDEX Depo#it#C ●
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Generall2 tabular bodies ,omposed of >n$ Pb and Ag #Sp!$ Gal%? barite ma2 be ,ommon gangue 3ontain @;1;< of +orlds reser-es of t!ese metals in a fe+ -er2 large deposits #e7g7$ Red (og$ Broken Hill$ Mt7 &sa% >n1Pb sulp!ides o,,ur interbedded +it! iron sulp!ides and seafloor sedimentar2 ro,ks Minerali5ation formed from -enting of metal1 bearing !2drot!ermal fluids into redu,ed sedimentar2 basins in ,ontinental rifts .luids are saline #;1; +t7< Na3l eCui-7% and !ig! * #D;;1@;3%
ENDAPAN SEDEX ●
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Some of t!e +orldEs most important ores of lead$ 5in,$ and ,opper o,,ur in sedimentar2 ro,k? *!e ore mineralsFgalena$ sp!alerite$ ,!al,op2rite$ and p2riteFo,,ur in su,! regular$ fine la2ers t!at t!e2 look like sediments7 *!e sulfide mineral la2ers are en,losed b2 and parallel to t!e sedimentar2 strata in +!i,! t!e2 o,,ur7 –
.or t!is reason$ t!e2 are also ,alled #tratabond mineral depo#it#*
TE5T4N/5 VS M/NE3A'/SAS/
S"(") #e7g7 Sulli-an$ 3anada%
ENDAPAN SEDEX
Sulp!ide mineral la2ers are en,losed b2 and parallel to t!e
SEDEX Dairi Projet-Sopokomil
Anjing Bitam pro#pet
SEDEX Sokopomil re#ore# Zone
Resource Category
Tonnes (millions)
Zinc (%)
Lead (%)
Silver (g/t)
#.&
Zinc Equiv. (%) &&.'
Measured !ndicated !nerred
".#
#$.$
.*
*.+
,.$
#&.*
#
Basecamp JSZ
!nerred
.+
".&
'.
*.$
,
Lae Jehe JSZ
!nerred
+.&
"."
'.#
*.*
$
JMVT
!nerred
".
.#
.
.
*
JVT
!nerred
.*
#.
#."
&.
",
Anjing JSZ
Hitam
Anjing JSZ
Hitam
#
ENDAPAN MVT (M/SS/SS/PP/ VA''E-TPE)
ENDAPAN MVT Endapan MVT adalah endapan Pb-0n 1ang terbentk dalam batan karbonat (mmn1a dolomit) pada T dan P 1ang relati" rendah* %lida bergerak dalam ekngan #edimen$ baik #elama pembentkan mapn #etelah pembentkan ekngan$ 1ang dipa oleh h1dro#tati gradient# 1ang dipengarhi oleh kompak#i$ thermal gradient# (74!&km)$ topographi relie"$ de"ormation dan #ebagain1a* 5ondi#i ini mamp mentran#port dan mendepo#i#i logam-logam da#ar* 'oation#+ Ea#t and entral Tenne##ee$ Sothea#t Mi##ori$ Tri-#tate area (Mi##ori$ 4klahoma dan 5an#a#) dan i#on#in (.pper Mi##i##ippi 3i2er Valle1)
MVT-DEP4S/TS 6E4'46/! SETT/N6 3arbonate ro,ks mainl2 dolomite 4!!.33EN!ES Sedimentar2 basins of Protero5oi, #,a7 @;; Ma% to 3reta,eous #,a7 @; Ma% age DEP4S/TS A3E %4.ND At or near t!e edges of basins #in bre,,ia or karst stru,tures &n platform ,arbonates or fold and t!rust belts &n distri,t of !undres of sCuare kilometres Host ,arbonates are unmetamorp!osed No lo,al igneous a,ti-it2 ● ● ● ● ●
M/NE3A'46 Galena$ sp!alerite$ p2rite$ andor mar,asite 'er2 minor ,!al,op2rite DEP4S/T S/0E Generall2 D ; Mio tonnes at I< >n and < Pb
MVT (Mi##i##ippi Valle1-T1pe)
